FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Cook, LKLB AF Cook, Lt. Kendra L. B. GP IEEE TI The silent force multiplier: The history and role of UAVs in warfare SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Many don't realize that the history of UAVs started nearly a century ago, and that the modem era of UAVs goes back nearly four decades. It often goes unnoticed that UAV development and employment is being pursued by more than 50 countries world-wide. This paper examines the history of unmanned aerial vehicles including the initial concepts and employment and the role of UAVs in warfare, providing examples from several conflicts throughout the world. An analysis of the reasons for the underutilization of UAV capabilities, the reasons why UAV missions have been successful, and basis for continuing to fund UAV development and employment is given. Finally, current UAV trends are discussed. C1 [Cook, Lt. Kendra L. B.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cook, LKLB (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3194 EP 3200 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303006 ER PT S AU Jaw, L Tsai, WT Homan, D Keller, K AF Jaw, Link Tsai, W. T. Homan, David Keller, Kirby GP IEEE TI Verification of flight software with Karnough Map-based checking SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID REQUIREMENTS AB Future U.S. Air Force capabilities will rely on mixed manned/unmanned vehicles working together as a team. These vehicles will be increasingly autonomous, capable of on-board decision-making and mission replanning, and yet interoperable to complete a desired mission safely, reliably, and adaptively. A key enabler of this cooperative airspace is adaptive or reconfigurable control software. This kind of software poses a strong challenge to the verification and validation (V&V) process, which leads to the final certification and accreditation of the software. Traditional V&V processes rely heavily on testing or other informal methods. These processes are time consuming and increasingly expensive as the complexity of the software increases. Alternative processes that can increase affordability while applying more formal methods have been attractive recently. This paper describes a formal software checking method by using the Karnaugh Map technique. This method checks the consistency and completeness of the software during the verification process. A proof-of-concept test of the method has been applied to an aircraft actuation system. The C-language source code of the actuator system used as a model in an adaptive flight control system is checked by the method. The preliminary results of this proof of concept are presented in this paper. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the method. The results are consistent with previous applications of the method to other sophisticated software systems, such as semiconductor manufacturing and command & control systems. Continued maturation of this process and technology is being supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. C1 [Jaw, Link] Sci Monitoring Inc, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Tsai, W. T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Homan, David] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keller, Kirby] Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Jaw, L (reprint author), Sci Monitoring Inc, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM lj@scientificmonitoring.com FU Boeing Phantom Works, Computer Science Department of Arizona State University (ASU) FX We are also grateful for the support of Boeing Phantom Works, the Computer Science Department of Arizona State University (ASU). Specifically, we extend our appreciations to Dr. Yutsung Wang and Dr. William Wang of SMI for their contributions in modeling and simulation. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3313 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303017 ER PT S AU Navarra, K Lawton, R Hearrell, N AF Navarra, Kelly Lawton, Robert Hearrell, Nancy GP IEEE TI An enterprise strategy for implementing conditioned-based maintenance plus (CBM plus ) research in the USAF SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), along with its many research partners, is actively engaged in aiding the transformation of the Air Force's sustainment practices. While the concept of health management has been discussed in the research community for some time now, the U.S. Air Force has faced many challenges that inhibit the transition of these technologies. The most difficult challenge is the lack of a unified end-state vision for Conditioned-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) and health management accomplishments in the Air Force. The authors present an end-state vision for health management that aligns with that of the Air Force Logistics leadership and may eventually evolve into a unified Air Force logistics/health management vision. The final sections of the paper provide an in-depth discussion of the data infrastructure required to support both the development and implementation of health management capabilities. High-level conceptual architecture views and data models are provided.(1 2). C1 [Navarra, Kelly] AF Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lawton, Robert] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Hearrell, Nancy] Haverst Govt Solut Inc, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Navarra, K (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL [FA8650-04-C-5212, GSD23F0076K] FX The authors acknowledge and thank the many government, manufacturer, small business and supplier constituents who provided valuable feedback to the EPAE team. We offer special thanks to Dr. Edward Hindle of General Electric Aircraft Engines and Dr. Jay Littles of Pratt and Whitney for their continued collaboration with the EPAE team. We also thank Major Shannon Mikus and Mr. Daniel Riggs of the AF Office of Innovation and Transformation; Mrs. Patricia DePasquale and Mr. Jayson Lee of GCSS-AF DS; Messers James Wallin and Robert Wright of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center; and Ms. Karen OKeefe of Haverstick Government Solutions, supporting AFRL/ML. This work is supported under the following AFRL contracts: FA8650-04-C-5212 and GSD23F0076K NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 4103 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303095 ER PT S AU Camci, F Valentine, GS Navarra, K AF Camci, Fatih Valentine, G. Scott Navarra, Kelly GP IEEE TI Methodologies for integration of PHM systems with maintenance data SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The Automatic logistics program in the Air Force seeks to reduce development, production, and ownership costs for the next generation fighter aircraft by increasing system reliability while reducing maintenance requirements. A large number of technologies are becoming available within the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) community that will lead to reduced cost and increased availability." The challenge is to develop advanced technology to integrate available PHM information from a variety of different sources into the maintenance and logistics infrastructure. PHM and maintenance/logistics systems must be thoroughly examined and tightly integrated in order to perform maintenance actions in the most efficient way to reduce ownership cost and increase availability. This paper presents multi-agent technology that integrates maintenance and PHM data to provide more effective maintenance identification and scheduling. The proposed methodologies will enable the maintenance and logistics infrastructure to fully benefit from newly developed PHM systems. Additionally, the PHM systems update themselves based on feedback obtained from the maintenance systems. The integration will utilize intelligent software agent technology in order to develop such solutions within open, highly dynamic, uncertain and complex environments with data distributed over a network. This provides benefits such as reusability, scalability, and continuous improvement with dynamically evolving ability. C1 [Camci, Fatih; Valentine, G. Scott] Impact Technol, LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Navarra, Kelly] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Camci, F (reprint author), Impact Technol, LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM fatih.camci@impact-tek.com; scott.valentine@impact-tek.com; Kelly.navarra@wpafb.af.mil RI Camci, Fatih/F-9510-2012 FU Air Force Research Lab/MLLP,; AFB; SBIR [FA8650-06-M-5229] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Lab/MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH, under SBIR contract No. FA8650-06-M-5229. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 4110 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303096 ER PT B AU Riley, RL AF Riley, Robert L., Jr. GP IEEE TI Providing Link-16 on disadvantaged platforms using the multi-role advanced transceiver SO 2007 IEEE/AIAA 26TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, AIAA AB Link-16 is a secure, anti-jam communications protocol that has been fielded extensively throughout the US and NATO Armed services for aircraft, ground elements and maritime vessels. This paper highlights the Link-16 demonstration results of the Multi-role Advanced Transceiver (MAX) terminal during the Navy's Trident Warrior 2007 exercise. The MAX terminal is a small form-factor, software-defined radio capable of implementing UHF line-of-sight, UHF satellite communications, or Link-16 interchangeably over a single channel. The results of the Trident Warrior 2007 demonstration show that the MAX terminal offers an unprecedented level of visual situational awareness for enhanced tracking and targeting via Link-16 for disadvantaged platforms. C1 AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Riley, RL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1107-8 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2007 BP 789 EP 796 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BHM72 UT WOS:000254342600077 ER PT S AU Mailloux, RJ Santarelli, SG Roberts, TM Kaanta, BC AF Mailloux, R. J. Santarelli, S. G. Roberts, T. M. Kaanta, B. C. GP IEEE TI Parameter variation with array size for broadband arrays of irregular polyomino subarrays SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Mailloux, R. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Santarelli, S. G.; Roberts, T. M.; Kaanta, B. C.] AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate, under A. Nachman, and was conducted by the Electromagnetics Technology Division, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/APS.2007.4395447 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400033 ER PT S AU Steyskal, H Hanna, D AF Steyskal, Hans Hanna, Drayton GP IEEE TI Design aspects of fragmented patch elements for phased arrays SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Steyskal, Hans; Hanna, Drayton] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM hans.steyskal@hanscom.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1109/APS.2007.4395450 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400036 ER PT S AU Tomasic, B Steyskal, H AF Tomasic, Boris Steyskal, Hans GP IEEE TI Minimum Q of the element in an infinite phased array SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Steyskal, Hans] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1109/APS.2007.4395451 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400037 ER PT S AU Subramanyam, G Biggers, R Neidhad, R Wiedemann, J Stamper, K Calcatera, M Dettmer, R AF Subramanyam, Guru Biggers, Rand Neidhad, Robert Wiedemann, Josh Stamper, Keith Calcatera, Mark Dettmer, Ross GP IEEE TI Experimental verification of RF power sensitivity of ferroelectric varactor shunt switches SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc DE ferroelectric thin-films; ferroelectric varactor; varactor shunt switches; RF power dependence AB Ferroelectric varactors; placed in a resonant circuit to study the RF power level dependence. At zero-bias, and tow microwave power levels, the high capacitance of the varactor results in the resonance of the shunted transmission line, attenuating the signal. At higher power level, the ferroelectric varactor capacitance is reduced by the rf signal, detuning the resonance in the shunted stub, and reduces the attenuation level for the signal. The experimental power transfer curve clearly showed that the RF power dependence of the varactor is detectable. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Biggers, Rand; Neidhad, Robert; Wiedemann, Josh; Stamper, Keith; Calcatera, Mark; Dettmer, Ross] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 290 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400073 ER PT S AU Stevens, D Subramanyam, G Koss, K Casto, M Neidhard, R Pasala, K Schneider, S Radcliffe, J Griffith, H AF Stevens, Dale Subramanyam, Guru Koss, Ken Casto, Matt Neidhard, Robert Pasala, Krishna Schneider, Steven Radcliffe, Joshua Griffith, Henry GP IEEE TI A periodically perturbed coplanar wave guide transmission line leaky wave antenna SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc DE coplanar waveguide; leaky wave antenna; periodic perturbation ID DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE; RADIATION; FILTERS AB A periodically perturbed coplanar wave guide leaky wave antenna was experimentally verified. The antenna's performance was studied as a function of the perturbation geometry, specifically, the depth of the periodic perturbation, keeping the width the same. Samples were made with perturbation depths of 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm. A CPW line with a perturbation depth of 1.5 mm showed the highest gain/directivity similar to 8 dB, as compared to the gain of a reference horn which was similar to 11 dB. It was verified that the beam was scannable by more than 60 degrees using a frequency sweep. C1 [Stevens, Dale; Koss, Ken; Casto, Matt; Neidhard, Robert; Schneider, Steven; Radcliffe, Joshua; Griffith, Henry] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru; Pasala, Krishna] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Stevens, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 447 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400111 ER PT S AU Altshuler, EE O'Donnell, TH AF Altshuler, Edward E. O'Donnell, Terry H. GP IEEE TI The measurement of antenna gain with transmitting and receiving antennas on a finite ground plane SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Altshuler, Edward E.; O'Donnell, Terry H.] USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil; Teresa.odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400128 ER PT S AU Kent, BM Buterbaugh, A AF Kent, Brian. M. Buterbaugh, Alan GP IEEE TI Design and installation of an inverted Stewart platform target suspension system using lightweight, high tensile strings for scattering measurements SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Kent, Brian. M.; Buterbaugh, Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.kent@wpafb.af.mil; Alan.buterbaugh@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 562 EP 565 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400139 ER PT S AU Santarelli, SG Champion, MH Mailloux, RJ AF Santarelli, Scott G. Champion, Michelle H. Mailloux, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Experimental validation of a partially-overlapped, constrained-feed network for limited-field-of-view (LFOV) applications SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc ID ANTENNAS C1 [Santarelli, Scott G.; Champion, Michelle H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Mailloux, Robert J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Santarelli, SG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate, under Dr. Arje Nachman, and was conducted by the Electromagnetics Technology Division, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Labortory. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 1763 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973401093 ER PT S AU Liu, S Tomasic, B Turtle, J AF Liu, Shiang Tomasic, Boris Turtle, John GP IEEE TI The geodesic dome phased array antenna for satellite operations support - Antenna resource management SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Liu, Shiang] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Tomasic, Boris; Turtle, John] US Air Force, Res Lab, Lexington, MA 01731 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM shiang.liu@.aero.org; boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil; john.turtle@hanscom.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 2907 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973401372 ER PT S AU Radcliffe, J Griffith, H McCann, J Zeller, K Pasala, K Schneider, S Kempel, L AF Radcliffe, Joshua Griffith, Henry McCann, John Zeller, Kyle Pasala, Krishna Schneider, Stephen Kempel, Leo GP IEEE TI Empirical analysis of the effects of parasitic elements on the halfwidth leaky wave antenna SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc DE microstrip; leaky wave antenna; linear array; traveling wave antenna ID MICROSTRIP AB Microstrip leaky wave antennas offer the potential for a low-profile, wide-bandwidth antenna element that can be arrayed if desired. An effort has commenced at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to develop an array of these thin profile novel radiators in order to enhance efficiency and bandwidth. Understanding the effects of coupling and propagation effects of parasitic elements in an array environment is an essential stepping stone in this process. C1 [Radcliffe, Joshua; Griffith, Henry; McCann, John; Zeller, Kyle; Pasala, Krishna; Schneider, Stephen] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNDR, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kempel, Leo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Radcliffe, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNDR, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.radcliffe@wpafb.af.mil; kempel@msu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 3334 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402027 ER PT S AU Girard, JA Havrilla, MJ Collins, P AF Girard, Jason A. Havrilla, Michael J. Collins, Peter GP IEEE TI Derivation of the Green's function for a microstrip antenna to enhance performance using material perturbations SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Girard, Jason A.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Collins, Peter] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Girard, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 3570 EP 3573 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402080 ER PT S AU O'Donnell, TH Yaghjian, AD Altshuler, EE AF O'Donnell, Terry H. Yaghjian, Arthur D. Altshuler, E. E. GP IEEE TI Frequency optimization of parasitic superdirective two element arrays SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [O'Donnell, Terry H.; Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Hanscom AFB, Res Lab, USAF, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Altshuler, E. E.] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP O'Donnell, TH (reprint author), Hanscom AFB, Res Lab, USAF, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM teresa.odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; arthur.yaghjian.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 3582 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402083 ER PT S AU Barton, RJ Collins, PJ Crittenden, PE Havrilla, MJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Barton, Richard J. Collins, Peter J. Crittenden, Paul E. Havrilla, Michael J. Terzuoli, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI A compact passive broadband hexagonal spiral antenna array SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Barton, Richard J.; Collins, Peter J.; Crittenden, Paul E.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM aj.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 3988 EP 3991 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402180 ER PT S AU Mudaliar, S Lin, F AF Mudaliar, Saba Lin, Freeman GP IEEE TI Statistical characteristics of microwave signals scattered from a randomly rough surface SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Mudaliar, Saba] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lin, Freeman] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@hanscom.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 4372 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402274 ER PT S AU Derov, JS Turchinetz, BW Dean, JW Crisman, EE Drehman, AJ AF Derov, John S. Turchinetz, Beverly W. Dean, James W. Crisman, Everett E. Drehman, Alvin J. GP IEEE TI Free space measured loss comparison of single and double ring resonators for negative index media SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc ID METAMATERIAL; REFRACTION C1 [Derov, John S.; Turchinetz, Beverly W.; Dean, James W.; Crisman, Everett E.; Drehman, Alvin J.] Hanscom AFB, Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Derov, JS (reprint author), Hanscom AFB, Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 5024 EP 5027 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973403105 ER PT S AU Radcliffe, J Schneider, S AF Radcliffe, Joshua Schneider, Stephen GP IEEE TI Finite element-boundary integral simulation of a conformal microstrip leaky-wave antenna SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc AB Microstrip leaky-wave antennas offer an attractive wide bandwidth alternative to microstrip patch antennas with the caveat involving pattern control. Leaky-wave antennas, by their nature, will steer the main-lobe of the radiation pattern as the operating frequency is changed. Therefore, although the bandwidth of leaky-wave antennas is attractive, ensuring a fixed angle of radiation independent of the operating frequency, within the leaky-wave region of operation, is challenging. This is especially true for microstrip leaky-wave antennas that are conformally mounted on a curved surface, such as a circular cylinder. In this paper, a microstrip leaky-wave antenna is investigated and particular attention is paid to the radiation properties of the antenna. The antenna is simulated with a finite element-boundary integral formulation that makes use of a dyadic Green's function for an infinite, metallic, right circular cylinder. C1 [Radcliffe, Joshua; Schneider, Stephen] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Radcliffe, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNRR, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.radcliffe@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 5303 EP 5306 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973403173 ER PT S AU Roberts, TM Santarelli, SG Mailloux, RJ AF Roberts, Thomas M. Santarelli, Scott G. Mailloux, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Efficient ranking of polyomino-based antennas SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Roberts, Thomas M.; Santarelli, Scott G.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Mailloux, Robert J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Roberts, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate; Electromagnetics Technology Division; Sensors Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics and Space Sciences Directorate, under Dr. Arje Nachman. The work was conducted by the Electromagnetics Technology Division, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 5364 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973403188 ER PT S AU Douglass, K Farrell, M AF Douglass, Kirk Farrell, Michael GP IEEE TI LESSONS LEARNED DURING THE SUCCESSFUL EXECUTION OF A LEGACY AUTOMATED TEST SYSTEM (ATS) RE-HOST SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB To ensure the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile System remains fully operational and supportable through 2020, the Air Force realized that the support capability of its legacy Automated Test System (ATS) for the operational ground support electronics subsystem would need to be completely replaced. Unless replaced with new hardware and upgraded Test Program Sets (TPS's), the needed long-term support could not be provided to the weapon system. During the execution of this re-host effort, there were several valuable lessons learned that can be applied to similar type programs. Some of the lessons learned include: Utilization of a software development environment "fly-off" during the prototype phase Application of a "Design to Build" concept for the interface test adapters Implementation of "tiger teams" to various phases of the software development lifecycle Execution of a "beta test" period during the deployment phase of the program This paper provides an overview of the program and discussion of the valuable lessons learned. C1 [Douglass, Kirk] Hill AFB, 7278 4th St,Bldg 100, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. [Farrell, Michael] Gen Dynam Informat Tech, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. RP Douglass, K (reprint author), Hill AFB, 7278 4th St,Bldg 100, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM kirk.douglass@hill.af.mil; mike.farrell@gdit.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 103 EP + DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374208 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600015 ER PT B AU Nusimow, A AF Nusimow, Avi GP IEEE TI Intelligent video for Homeland Security applications SO 2007 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security: Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Dependability LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security - Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Dependability CY MAY 16-17, 2007 CL Woburn, MA SP IEEE AB This paper considers the problem of protecting critical infrastructure and other Homeland Security initiatives with the application of an intelligent video (IV) system. A systems engineering approach will be followed to decompose top level requirements into system functions based on the Department of Homeland Security(DHS) Strategic Plan, The National Strategy for Homeland Security, and the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). In parallel, the attributes of an intelligent video system will be introduced, and then correlated with the system functions. Specific top level intelligent video system attributes and applications will include virtual perimeter breach detection, object detection, removed or left object detection, object counting, object classification, object tracking, wrong way detection, facial recognition, forensic video, and behavior alerts. In this way, the overarching application of intelligent video technology to specific Homeland Security challenges will be shown. The paper will highlight the capabilities and benefits of an intelligent video system to autonomously perform real time monitoring activities and alert notifications based on user defined rules. Some of the challenges to intelligent video systems such as dynamic environments, false alarms, and privacy implications will be addressed. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nusimow, A (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1052-1 PY 2007 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1109/THS.2007.370035 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGM92 UT WOS:000248535800026 ER PT B AU Baird, LC Bahn, WL Collins, MD Carlisle, MC Butler, SC AF Baird, Leemon C., III Bahn, William L. Collins, Michael D. Carlisle, Martin C. Butler, Sean C. GP IEEE TI Keyless jam resistance SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS; PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY; INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; REJECTION; SECURE AB Traditionally, omnidirectional, radio frequency (RF) communication has been made resistant to jamming by the use of a secret key that is shared by the sender and receiver. There are no known methods for achieving jam resistance without that shared key. Unfortunately, wireless communication is now reaching a scale and a level of importance where such secret-key systems are becoming impractical. For example, the civilian side of the Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot,use a shared secret, since that secret would have to be given to all 6.5 billion potential users, and so would no longer be secret. So civilian GPS cannot currently be protected from jamming. But the FAA has stated that the civilian airline industry will transition to using GPS for all navigational aids, even during landings. A terrorist with a simple jamming system could wreak havoc at a major airport. No existing system can solve this problem, and the problem itself has not even been widely discussed. The problem of keyless jam resistance is important. There is a great need for a system that can broadcast messages without any prior secret shared between the sender and receiver. We propose the first system for keyless jam resistance: the BBC algorithm. We describe the encoding, decoding, and broadcast algorithms. We then analyze it for expected resistance to jamming and error rates. We show that BBC can achieve the same level of jam resistance as traditional spread spectrum systems, at just under half the bit rate, and with no shared secret. Furthermore, a hybrid system can achieve the same average bit rate as traditional systems. C1 [Baird, Leemon C., III; Bahn, William L.; Collins, Michael D.; Carlisle, Martin C.; Butler, Sean C.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, LC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Leemon.Baird@usafa.af.mil NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381926 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300021 ER PT B AU Carlisle, MC Baird, LC AF Carlisle, Martin C. Baird, Leemon C., III GP IEEE TI Design and use of a secure testing environment on untrusted hardware SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE DE D.4.6 security and privacy protection; D4.6c cryptographic controls; D4.6d information flow controls; D.2.6.b graphical environments; D.1.7 visual programming AB Dedicated laboratories have been used to provide a secure testing environment. Given the prevalence of laptop computers, the cost of maintaining a computer lab simply for testing seems prohibitive. We present the RAPTOR assessment environment, which allows students to take an exam on their own laptop, without being able to access their hard drive or network resources. We evaluate threats, and the level of security provided by the assessment environment. C1 [Carlisle, Martin C.; Baird, Leemon C., III] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carlisle, MC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carlislem@acm.org; leemon@leemon.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 349 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381953 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300048 ER PT S AU Asumadu, JA Seofield, JD AF Asumadu, Johnson A. Seofield, James D. GP IEEE TI Characteristics of high-speed silicon carbide (SiC) power transistors SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE silicon carbide; static characteristics; dynamic characteristics AB This paper describes the temperature and operating characteristics of NPN 4H-SiC (a polytype of silicon carbide) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and 4H-SiC Darlington pairs. A large amount of experimental data was collected. The wafer BJTs were able to block over the rated 600 V in the common-emitter configuration and the TO-220 BJTs were able to block over the 1200 V rated voltage. In the thermal analysis, it is found out that at higher temperatures the forward and blocking characteristics were stable at 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C The transistors show positive temperature coefficients of forward voltage (V-f). In general the current gain (beta) characteristics obtained (with V-CE = 6 V) were approximately as expected for the BJTs. The beta 's were very low (2 to 5 for wafer BJTs, 5 to 20 for the wafer Darlington pairs, and 5 to 30 for TO-220 BJTs). The large amount of experimental data collected confirms some of the superior properties of the SiC material when used to fabricate power semiconductor devices, namely high thermal conductivity and high operating temperature capability. The SiC BJT has fast switching and recovery characteristics. C1 [Asumadu, Johnson A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Seofield, James D.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Power Div, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Asumadu, JA (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM johnson.asumadu@wmich.edu; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 2294 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296802065 ER PT S AU Xu, BH Jiang, ZP Wu, XX Repperger, DW AF Xu, Bohou Jiang, Zhong-Ping Wu, Xingxing Repperger, Daniel W. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear bistable stochastic resonance filters for image processing SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL I, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE image filtering; stochastic systems ID SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NOISE AB Nonlinear bistable double-well stochastic resonance systems have been successfully used for one-dimensional signal processing, based on the concept of parameter-tuning stochastic resonance. This paper will investigate the applications of parameter-tuning stochastic resonance in image processing. First, a two-dimensional stochastic resonance system is introduced as a nonlinear filter for image processing. The equation satisfied by the dynamic probability density function of the images processed by this stochastic resonance filter and its solutions are then discussed. Finally, this nonlinear filter is used to process a black-white image corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise to reveal the possibility to extend the concept of parameter-tuning stochastic resonance to two-dimensional cases. This provides an innovative approach for image processing. C1 [Xu, Bohou] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Zhong-Ping; Wu, Xingxing] Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] US Air Force, AFRL, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, BH (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. FU POLYTECHNIC CATT CENTER; NSF [ECS-009317, OISE-0408925, DMS-0504462]; AIR FORCE CONTRACT FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY THE POLYTECHNIC CATT CENTER SPONSORED BY NEWYORK STATE,NSF GRANTS ECS-009317,OISE-0408925 AND DMS-0504462,AND AN AIR FORCE CONTRACT. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-0728-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 717 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO60 UT WOS:000249040000180 ER PT S AU Martin, RK Vanbleu, K Ysebaert, G AF Martin, Richard K. Vanbleu, Koen Ysebaert, Geert GP IEEE TI Bit error rate minimizing channel shortening equalizers for single carrier cyclic prefixed systems SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE equalization ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; EQUALIZATION; DESIGN AB Single carrier cyclic prefixed (SCCP) communications are a close relative of multicarrier communications. Both types of systems are robust to multipath, provided that the channel delay spread is shorter than the guard interval between transmitted blocks. If this condition is not met, a channel shortening equalizer can be used to shorten the channel to the desired length. Previous work on channel shortening has largely been in the context of digital subscriber lines, a wireline system that allows bit allocation, thus it has focused on maximizing the bit rate for a given bit error rate (BER). We propose and evaluate a channel shortener that attempts to directly minimize the BER for an SCCP system. The problem is shown to be analytically distinct from the analogous problem in multicarrier systems. C1 [Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Tech, Dept ECE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vanbleu, Koen] Broadcom Corp, Mechelen, Belgium. [Ysebaert, Geert] Alcatel Bell, Antwerp, Belgium. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Tech, Dept ECE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; koen.vanbleu@broadcom.com FU Air Force Ofice of Scientfic Research FX Funded in part by the Air Force Ofice of Scientfic Research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not rebect the ofcial policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 121 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGN94 UT WOS:000248906600031 ER PT S AU Shang, XH Chen, B Matyjas, J AF Shang, Xiaohu Chen, Biao Matyjas, John GP IEEE TI Sum capacity (sub)optimality of orthogonal transmissions in vector Gaussian multiple access channels SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE sum capacity; vector Gaussian multiple access channel; frequency division multiple access AB We study in this paper the sum capacity achievability of orthogonal transmissions in vector Gaussian multiple access channels (MAC). Specifically, we derive the sufficient and necessary conditions, in terms of channel matrices and transmitter power constraints, for orthogonal transmission to achieve the sum capacity of a vector Gaussian MAC. The obtained conditions provide a unified framework in explaining many of the results that are intuitively true. They also enable us to explore cases that have not been addressed to determine the (sub)optimality of orthogonal transmissions compared with the overlay transmission. C1 [Shang, Xiaohu; Chen, Biao] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Matyjas, John] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, XH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1- 0051]; NSF [CCF-0546491] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under Grant FA9550-06-1- 0051 and by NSF under Grant CCF-0546491. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 401 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGN94 UT WOS:000248906600101 ER PT S AU Fraser, NA Kelly, DJ Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE AF Fraser, Nicholas A. Kelly, Douglas J. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. GP IEEE TI Using client puzzles to mitigate distributed denial of service attacks in the tor anonymous routing environment SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE AB A novel client puzzle protocol, the Memoryless Puzzle Protocol (MPP), is proposed and investigated. The goal is to show that MPP is a viable solution for mitigating distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks in an anonymous routing environment. One such environment, Tor, provides anonymity for interactive Internet services. However, Tor relies on the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, making it vulnerable to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Although client puzzles are often proposed as a solution to denial-of-service attacks, this research is the first to explore TLS DDoS attack mitigation in the Tor anonymous routing environment. Using the MPP, the central processing unit (CPU) utilization and user-data latency measures are analyzed under four increasing DDoS attack intensities and four different puzzle probability distribution levels. For results, typical CPU utilization rates of 80-100% drop to below 70% signifying successful mitigation. Furthermore, even if a client only has a 30% chance of receiving a puzzle or the maximum puzzle strength is used, MPP effectively mitigates attacks. Finally, user-data latency decreases approximately 50% under large-scale attacks. Hence, the MPP is a suitable solution for increasing the robustness and reliability of Tor. C1 [Fraser, Nicholas A.; Kelly, Douglas J.; Raines, Richard A.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Fraser, NA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC USA. EM nicholas.fraser@afit.edu; douglas.kelly@afit.edu; richard.raines@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-0352-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2007 BP 1197 EP 1202 DI 10.1109/ICC.2007.203 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIA16 UT WOS:000257882500194 ER PT S AU Beard, TW Temple, MA Roberts, ML AF Beard, T. W. Temple, M. A. Roberts, M. L. GP IEEE TI An experimental design approach for optimizing SMSE waveforms to minimize coexistent interference SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE AB An experimental design approach is used to determine which factors (design parameters) of Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveforms have the greatest impact on coexistence with other communication waveforms. The SMSE framework supports cognition-based, software defined radio (SDR) applications and is well-suited for coexistence analysis. For initial proof-of-concept, a two factor (parameter), three-level (value) experimental design technique is applied to a coexistent scenario to characterize SMSE waveform impact on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) receiver performance. The experimental design methodology reliably captures factor-level sensitivities and identifies those factors having greatest impact on system coexistence behavior (bit error variation). Given these initial results and its effectiveness in other engineering fields, it is believed that experimental design may pave the way for developing more rigorous waveform design methods and allow more robust coexistence analysis of conventional, DSSS and SMSE waveforms. C1 [Beard, T. W.; Temple, M. A.; Roberts, M. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beard, TW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-0352-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2007 BP 5581 EP 5585 DI 10.1109/ICC.2007.925 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIA16 UT WOS:000257882503220 ER PT S AU Tavana, M Gemelli, N Wright, R AF Tavana, Madjid Gemelli, Nathaniel Wright, Robert BE Helander, M Xie, M Jaio, M Tan, KC TI A vehicle-target simulation model for network-centric Joint Air Operations SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-4 SE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management IEEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management CY DEC 02-05, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE, IIE, IBM, NUS, Nanyang Technol Univ, Meeting Matters Int DE vehicle-target assignment; simulation; network-centric; multi-hop connectivity ID SEARCH AB Joint Air Operations (JAO) are traditionally orchestrated using static vehicle roles assigned from command and control. The central command and control model used by the Air Force cannot anticipate changes in the battlespace and take advantage of continuous information provided by the sensors in a network-centric environment. With recent advances in information and communication technology and the increased need for a dynamic and flexible response, vehicles are expected to assume multiple roles over the course of a mission. In this study, we develop a simulation model that considers four competing objectives (effort, effectiveness, efficiency, and connectivity) to assess vehicle-target allocation for network-centric JAO. C1 [Tavana, Madjid] La Salle Univ, Profess & Lindback Distinguished Chair Informat S, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Gemelli, Nathaniel; Wright, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Res Sci, Roma, TX USA. RP Tavana, M (reprint author), La Salle Univ, Profess & Lindback Distinguished Chair Informat S, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-07-2-0043] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory grant number FA8750-07-2-0043. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2157-3611 BN 978-1-4244-1528-1 J9 IN C IND ENG ENG MAN PY 2007 BP 1767 EP + DI 10.1109/IEEM.2007.4419496 PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHL15 UT WOS:000253974001140 ER PT B AU Kurkowski, S Navidi, W Camp, T AF Kurkowski, Stuart Navidi, William Camp, Tracy GP IEEE TI Constructing MANET simulation scenarios that meet standards SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE AB Choosing an appropriate simulation scenario to study the performance of a MANET routing protocol is an important process. For example, routing will not be properly evaluated when a simulation scenario with a low average hop count or a large degree of network partitioning is used. To ensure that a simulation scenario provides an effective platform for testing a MANET routing protocol, we recommend that researchers use two metrics to characterize their simulation scenarios: the average shortest-path hop count and the average amount of network partitioning. In this paper, we provide researchers with several models that take the desired values for these two metrics as inputs, and output the simulation area and number of nodes required to create a simulation scenario that meets the researcher's target values for these two metrics to a close approximation. In this way, we provide several models that researchers can use to construct simulation scenarios that meet their standards in the evaluation of a MANET routing protocol. C1 [Kurkowski, Stuart] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Navidi, William; Camp, Tracy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurkowski, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM skurkows@afit.edu; wnavidi@mines.edu; tcamp@mines.edu FU NSF Grants [ANI-0208352, ANI-0240558] FX This work supported in part by NSF Grants ANI-0208352 and ANI-0240558. Research group's URL is http://toilers.mines.edu. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1454-3 PY 2007 BP 369 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS84 UT WOS:000256007500048 ER PT B AU Mendenhall, MJ AF Mendenhall, Michael J. GP IEEE TI A joint classification and compression system: Processing hyperspectral imagery onboard storageless reconnaissance platforms to support real-time decision making SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE AB Compressing hyperspectral data such that class discrimination is maintained is a difficult task. In a supervised classification scenario, one has hope of meeting this goal since all information needed to classify the data is present. The challenge then is to determine which subset of features are important for classification and which are not. We summarize our Generalized Relevance Learning Vector Quantization-Improved (GRLVQI) [1], based on Hammer and Villmann's GRLVQ [2], for the joint classification and feature extraction of hyperspectral data. Our previous results show exceptional classification and feature reduction results on 23 and 35 classes of a real hyperspectral data set [1], [3]. We present a scalable architecture for GRLVQI targeted for hardware implementation enabling hyperspectral-based real-time decision making functions. Implementing the GRLVQI system with Floating Point Gate Array technology likely provides a means of developing a partial reconfigurable GRLVQI system that allows one add or remove classes on-the-fly without adversely affecting the current state of the classifier or feature extractor. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendenhall, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300034 ER PT B AU George, LCL AF George, Lt Col Lynnane GP IEEE TI Engineering 100: An introduction to engineering systems at the US Air Force Academy SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE engineering education; systems engineering; boost glider AB Engineering 100 is a required course for all students at the US Air Force Academy (USAFA). It takes an innovative approach to first-year engineering education by introducing engineering in the context of the design process. At the beginning of the semester, students are introduced to the systems engineering design process and computational tools to help them explore design alternatives and communicate their design solutions. Students are organized into teams and are given assignments geared towards hands-on exposure to five engineering disciplines: astronautical, aeronautical, mechanical, electrical, and civil. The final project requires them to design, construct, and launch a rocket-powered boost glider. The boost glider is produced in a five-stage process which balances textbook and laboratory work, with each stage focused on one of the engineering disciplines. Faculty from each of the five engineering departments at the Academy teach the course, reinforcing the multidisciplinary nature of engineering projects. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP George, LCL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300072 ER PT B AU Mott, S Hart, S Montminy, D Williams, P Baldwin, R AF Mott, Stephen Hart, Samuel Montminy, David Williams, Paul Baldwin, Rusty GP IEEE TI A hardware-based architecture to support flexible real-time parallel intrusion detection SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE AB Providing security in today's complex computing systems is a daunting task. As systems (of systems) grow both increasingly pervasive and complex, defending them from attack or mischance at the systems of systems level becomes ever more challenging. We propose moving some security monitoring tasks from software to hardware which will allow real time detection of intrusions and errors. Our flexible architecture uses reconfigurable logic (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)) and operates in parallel with a general purpose computing environment. TO that end, new hardware primitives are proposed that allow for gathering and monitoring the state of the main processor transparently (that is, the main processor is unaware of the monitoring) in real time. The result is a decrease in workload for the main processor while enhancing security. The monitoring primitives are tightly coupled with the monitored software, and can readily and automatically respond to changes in system characteristics such as new software applications or devices. By focusing on specific system components, including their interface with other system components, we believe we can enhance system of system security in ways not readily achievable using conventional, system-wide monitoring techniques. C1 [Mott, Stephen; Hart, Samuel; Montminy, David; Williams, Paul; Baldwin, Rusty] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mott, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 614 EP 619 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300104 ER PT B AU West, CJ Landaeta, RE AF West, Christopher J. Landaeta, Rafael E. GP IEEE TI Towards Understanding the Impact of Crisis Environments on the Distributed Cognition of Multidisciplinary Crisis Control Center Teams SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Engineering Management Conference CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Lost Pines, TX SP IEEE DE Distributed Cognition; Team Cognition; Crisis Management; Control Center AB This investigation developed and empirically tested a conceptual framework capturing the systemic impact of crisis environments on distributed cognition phenomena occurring in organizational control centers. A systems approach was used I) to develop a means of profiling a crisis environment from the perspective of a control center and, separately, 2) to develop a structured view of the interacting conceptual constructs researchers have developed to understand distributed learning. A resulting conceptual framework combined these two efforts. An applied research case study methodology was used to 1) iteratively refine the framework and 2) to demonstrate the value of the framework for understanding the impact of crisis environments on distributed cognition phenomena. The case involved a US Air Force Base's Survival Recovery Center preparing for a formal external Operational Readiness Inspection, a scripted wartime simulation, using internal exercises to practice for the final event. The developed framework served as a basis for evaluating performance and for developing tailored scripted scenarios for successive exercises to maximize training value. C1 [West, Christopher J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Landaeta, Rafael E.] Old Dominion Univ, Engn Management, Norfolk, VA USA. RP West, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cwest@afit.edu; rlandaet@odu.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2145-9 PY 2007 BP 21 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOZ34 UT WOS:000278100300004 ER PT S AU Deming, R Schindler, J Perlovsky, L AF Deming, Ross Schindler, John Perlovsky, Leonid GP IEEE TI Neural Modeling fields for multitarget/multisensor tracking SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID MULTIPLE TARGETS; ALGORITHM AB We describe a new approach for combining range and Doppler data from multiple radar platforms to perform multi-target detection and tracking. In particular, we assume azimuthal measurements are either coarse or unavailable, so that multiple sensors are required to triangulate target tracks using range and Doppler measurements only. The algorithm framework is based upon neural modeling fields, a biologically-inspired neural architecture, which yields advantages over conventional multi-target tracking algorithms by reducing the computational complexity during data association by several orders of magnitude. The algorithm is tested on synthetic multisensor data, and the results demonstrate that accurate tracks can be estimated by exploiting spatial diversity in the sensor locations. These results are promising, and demonstrate a surprising degree of robustness in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter and uncertainty in the number of targets. C1 [Deming, Ross; Schindler, John] Gen Dynam IT Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, SNHE, Air Force Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deming, R (reprint author), Gen Dynam IT Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research. FX This research was supported by Dr. John Sjogren of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1379-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2007 BP 442 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2007.4370997 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHM64 UT WOS:000254291100077 ER PT S AU Fontanari, JF Perlovsky, LI AF Fontanari, Jose F. Perlovsky, Leonid I. GP IEEE TI Language acquisition and category discrimination in the Modeling Field Theory framework SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB We propose a categorization task scenario to study language acquisition in which an agent receives linguistic input from an external teacher, in addition to sensory stimuli from the objects that make up the environment. The agent is endowed with the Modeling Field Theory (MFT) categorization mechanism, which enables it to identify overlapping categories from the exposition to hundreds of examples. Rather remarkably, we find that the agent with language is capable of differentiating object features that it could not distinguish without language. In this sense, the linguistic stimuli prompt the agent to redefine and refine the discrimination capacity of its sensory channels. C1 [Fontanari, Jose F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Fontanari, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM fontanari@ifsc.usp.br; Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscomaf.mil RI Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA9550-06-1-0202]; CNPq; FAPESP [04/06156-3] FX Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA9550-06-1-0202. The U. S Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. This research was supported also by CNPq and FAPESP, Project No. 04/06156-3. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1379-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2007 BP 1180 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2007.4371125 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHM64 UT WOS:000254291101024 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Schindler, J Brady, D Kozma, R Deming, R Perlovsky, L AF Linnehan, Robert Schindler, John Brady, David Kozma, Robert Deming, Ross Perlovsky, Leonid GP IEEE TI Resolving wall ambiguities using angular diverse synthetic Arrays SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Model-based algorithms that attempt to localize targets and estimate the structure within a building using data from external sensors have received much attention in recent years. The potential benefits to homeland security and urban warfare are exceedingly apparent. Accurately estimating the thickness and dielectric constant of the exterior wall could prove to be a critical first step in determining the layout within, i.e., the location of interior walls, doorways, stairwells, etc. However, data collection using a linear sensor arrangement yields an ambiguous two dimensional objective function for the wall parameters, rendering maximum likelihood methods ineffective. We show that a spatially diverse aperture obviates the wall parameter ambiguity and allows accurate estimation of thickness and permittivity using dynamic logic, an iterative model-based approach to maximum likelihood. C1 [Linnehan, Robert] USAF, Sensors Diectorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Diectorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.linnehan2@hanscom.af.mil RI Kozma, Robert/C-6365-2013 FU Air Force Office; National Research Council FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, PM Dr. Arje Nachman. Robert Kozma's effort was supported by the National Research Council Senior Research Fellow program. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1379-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2007 BP 2757 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHM64 UT WOS:000254291102116 ER PT B AU Wicks, MC Moore, W AF Wicks, Michael C. Moore, Williant GP IEEE TI Distributed and layered sensing: Relevant EMC issues SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE distributed sensors; intelligent processing; radar; electromagnetic compatibility AB One can easily envision future military operations and emerging civilian requirements (e.g. intelligent unmanned vehicles for urban warfare, intelligent manufacturing plants) that will be both complex and stressing and will demand innovative sensors and sensor configurations. The goal of our research into Distributed and Layered Sensing is to develop a cost effective and extendable approach for providing surveillance for a variety of applications in dynamically changing military and civilian environments. Within Distributed and Layered sensing, we foresee a new sensor archetype. In this paradigm, sensors and algorithms will be autonomously altered depending on the environment. Radars will use the same returns to perform detection and discrimination, to adjust the platform flight path and change mission priorities. The sensors will dynamically and automatically change waveform parameters to accomplish these goals. Disparate sensors will communicate and share data and instructions in real-time. Intelligent sensor systems will operate within and between sensor platforms such that the integration of multiple sensor data provides information needed to achieve dynamic goals and avoid electromagnetic fratricide. Intelligent sensor platforms working in partnership will increase information flow, minimize ambiguities, and dynamically change multiple sensors' operations based upon a changing environment. Concomitant with the current emphasis on more flexible defense structures, Distributed and Layered sensing will allow the appropriate incremental application of remote sensing assets by matching resources to the situation at hand. C1 [Wicks, Michael C.; Moore, Williant] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000035 ER PT B AU Norgard, J Magde, K Wicks, M Drozd, A Musselman, R AF Norgard, John Magde, Kevin Wicks, Michael Drozd, Andy Musselman, Randy GP IEEE TI Detection/imaging of buried objects: Using spatial/angular diversity with distributed/embedded sub-surface sensors for reduced mutual coupling and suppressed EM emissions SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE distributed sensors; embedded sub-surface sensors; buried objects; tomography; SAR; GPR; mutual coupling; EMI; WIPL-D; M&S AB The proliferation of strategic subsurface sanctuaries has increased the need for enhanced remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF Tomographic Technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This imaging technique uses an embedded ring of subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating, non-explosive, electronic "e-bombs", as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions and uses distributed surface-contact sensors to collect the tomographic data for relay to a circling UAV and transmission to a remote control site (using layered sensing). Three-dimensional imaging algorithms are being developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. Distributed transmitters and receivers significantly increase unwanted mutual coupling and EM emissions that interfere with signal reception. However, by embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions (and improved signal-to-noise ratios) can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep mine shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying the radiating ring under the surface sensors. C1 [Norgard, John; Magde, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, RRS, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. [Wicks, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, RRS, SN, Rome, NY USA. [Musselman, Randy] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Drozd, Andy] Andro Computat Solut, Rome, NY USA. RP Norgard, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, RRS, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. EM john.norgard@rl.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 204 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000038 ER PT B AU Prather, WD AF Prather, William D. GP IEEE TI Shielding specification techniques and measurement methods for aircraft SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB If properly implemented, electromagnetic shielding can protect aircraft electronics from harmful interference over a wide range of frequencies. The first step is to create a properly written set of specifications in measurable engineering units. If this is done, then the shielding system can be analyzed and measured in the laboratory and on board the aircraft. Using large aircraft as an example, this paper discusses shielding element specifications and the measurement methods that can be used to verify them. Illustrative examples of measured data are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000111 ER PT B AU Kirawanich, P Wilson, J Islam, NE Christodoulou, C Yakura, SJ AF Kirawanich, Phumin Wilson, Justin Islam, N. E. Christodoulou, Christos Yakura, S. J. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic topology: A modular junction approach for a system level interaction problem SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE electromagnetic topology; system interaction; multiconductor transmission line network; topological simulation ID NUMERICAL SOLUTION; FIELD AB A new approach to perform electromagnetic topology based simulation is proposed by incorporating modular scattering junction concept. This method substitutes the multi-step computation technique and is convenient to implement. The method also allows for incorporating substructural modifications and does not require repeating solutions to the entire system. The overall simulation utilizes transmission line matrix compaction, finite-difference time-domain method, and reciprocity theorem to simulate the system interaction. Results are compared with experiments conducted in the laboratory. A good agreement is shown for the simulated and experimental data. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin; Wilson, Justin; Islam, N. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Yakura, S. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU AFOSR [F49620-02-1-018] FX This research is supported by AFOSR through Grant#F49620-02-1-018 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 640 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000118 ER PT B AU Zhao, F Kalker, T Medard, M Han, KJ AF Zhao, Fang Kalker, Ton Medard, Muriel Han, Keesook J. GP IEEE TI Signatures for content distribution with network coding SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE AB Recent research has shown that network coding can be used in content distribution systems to improve the speed of downloads and the robustness of the systems. However, such systems are very vulnerable to attacks by malicious nodes, and we need to have a signature scheme that allows nodes to check the validity of a packet without decoding. In this paper, we propose such a signature scheme for network coding. Our scheme makes use of the linearity property of the packets in a coded system, and allows nodes to check the integrity of the packets received easily. We show that the proposed scheme is secure, and its overhead is negligible for large files. C1 [Zhao, Fang; Medard, Muriel] MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kalker, Ton] Hewlett Packard Lab, Cambridge, CA USA. [Han, Keesook J.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Zhao, F (reprint author), MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM zhaof@mit.edu; ton.kalker@hp.com; medard@mit.edu; keesook.Han@rl.af.mil FU National Science Foundation "ITR: Network Coding - From Theory to Practice" [CCR-0325496]; "XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding" [CNS-0627021]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1-0155] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants "ITR: Network Coding - From Theory to Practice" (CCR-0325496), "XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding" (CNS-0627021), and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant FA9550-06-1-0155. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1397-3 PY 2007 BP 556 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2007.4557283 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHW32 UT WOS:000257010200112 ER PT B AU Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Sherif, MH Smiarowski, A Searing, B AF Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Sherif, Mostafa Hashem Smiarowski, Adam, Jr. Searing, Brian GP IEEE TI Bio-inspired integrated chips for telecommunications S/W defect-tracking SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY DEC 15-18, 2007 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DE bio-inspired; integrated chips; Neural Networks; telecommunication defect tracking ID DYNAMIC NEURAL-NETWORK; SIGNAL REPRESENTATION; RELIABILITY AB Defect tracking is important in evaluating the reliability of the software used in telecommunication networks. Bio-inspired integrated approaches and embedded chips have been developed and implemented to track improvements in the software reliability. In this paper, the integrated model for the failure discovery during testing is combined with bio-inspired approaches using the Recurrent Dynamic Neural Network (RDNN) with parametric adjustments and wavelets as basis; and the Adaptive parameters RDNN (ARDNN) where the criterion is to minimize the error in failure intensity estimation, subject to the model constraints. Simulation results favor our Adaptive Recurrent Dynamic Neural Network, with reduced error from 88% to 1.25 -to- 8% based on the number of iterations in the training phase.. The ARDNN approach provides optimum solution to the dynamic problem at hand since it iterates on the shape of the wavelet basis and provide adequate recovery of the data in the form of piecewise linear differential. C1 [Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.; Smiarowski, Adam, Jr.; Searing, Brian] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelet Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 454 USA. [Sherif, Mostafa Hashem] AT&T C5 2018, Middletown, NJ USA. RP Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelet Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. FU IB [FA8650-04-2-4201]; AFRL/CERC [2004-06, 2007-08] FX This work is partially supported by a research grant # FA8650-04-2-4201, Task IB, AFRL/CERC (2004-06, and 2007-08). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1834-3 PY 2007 BP 378 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHT87 UT WOS:000256344200069 ER PT S AU Yang, HJ Chen, L Qiang, ZX Zhou, WD Zhang, WM Stiff-Roberts, A Krishna, S Brown, GJ AF Yang, Hongjun Chen, Li Qiang, Zexuan Zhou, Weidong Zhang, Wanming Stiff-Roberts, Adrienne Krishna, Sanjay Brown, Gail J. GP IEEE TI Characteristics of photonic crystal cavity based infrared photodetectors SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL C1 [Yang, Hongjun; Chen, Li; Qiang, Zexuan; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Zhang, Wanming; Stiff-Roberts, Adrienne] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, HJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RI Zhou, Weidong/D-1019-2009; Yang, Hongjun/C-2785-2011 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [07-SC-AFOSR-1004, FA9550-06-1-0374, FA9550-06-1-0482]; National Science Foundation [DMI-0625728] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grants 07-SC-AFOSR-1004 and FA9550-06-1-0374, and FA9550-06-1-0482, and in part by National Science Foundation under Grant DMI-0625728. The authors also acknowledge the fabrication support at UT Arlington NanoFAB and at UT Austin (NSF NNIN network). NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200017 ER PT S AU Dziak, C Moscho, AJ Li, Y Fanto, M Kovanis, V Malowicki, J Lester, LF AF Dziak, C. Moscho, A. J. Li, Y. Fanto, M. Kovanis, V. Malowicki, J. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor of a 1550-nm injection-locked quantum dash laser SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB Injection-locking in quantum dash lasers is studied for the first time. A measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor from 1.2-8.6 is obtained by comparing the positive and negative detuning ranges of the stable locking regime. C1 [Dziak, C.; Moscho, A. J.; Li, Y.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Fanto, M.; Malowicki, J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, SNDP, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, SNDP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dziak, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM chris@dziak.net NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 433 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382464 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200215 ER PT S AU Li, Y Naderi, NA Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Li, Y. Naderi, N. A. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Modulation response of an injection-locked 1550 nm quantum dash semiconductor laser SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL AB The increase in modulation bandwidth of an injection-locked quantum dash laser is examined as a function of injected power and detuning. Bandwidth enhancement up to a factor of 3 is observed. C1 [Li, Y.; Naderi, N. A.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, SNDP, Columbus, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM yanli@chtm.unm.edu FU AFRL; AFOSR FX This work was supported by AFRL and AFOSR NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 498 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382497 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200248 ER PT S AU Liang, QL Samn, SW AF Liang, Qilian Samn, Sherwood W. GP IEEE TI NEW-CATR: Network-enabled Electronic Warfare for collaborative automatic target recognition SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE network-enabled electronic warfare; radar sensor networks; waveform diversity; collaborative automatic target recognition; maximum-likelihood; interferences ID WAVE-FORM SELECTION; RADAR AB Network-enabled Electronic Warfare (NEW) is to develop modeling and simulation efforts to explore the advantages and limitations of network-enabled electronic warfare concepts. The advantages of linking multiple electronic support measures (ESM) and electronic attack (EA) assets to achieve improved capabilities across a networked battleforce have yet to be quantified. In this paper, we will use radar sensors as ESM and EA assets to demonstrate the advantages of NEW in Collaborative Automatic Target Recognition (CATR). We apply the NEW to CATR via waveform diversity combining and and propose maximum-likehood (ML)-ATR algorithms for nonfluctuating target as well as fluctuating target. Simulation results show that our NEW-CATR performs much better than single sensor-based ATR algorithm for nonfluctuating targets or fluctuating targets. Conclusions are drawn based on our analysis and simulations and future research works on this research topic are discussed. C1 [Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Samn, Sherwood W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, HEX, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Liang, QL (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM liang@uta.edu; Sherwood.samn@brooks.af.mil FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0395, N00014-03-1-0466, N00014- 07-1-1024]; NSF [CNS-0721515]; AFOSR FX This work was supported in part by ONR under Grant N00014-07-1-0395, N00014-03-1-0466, N00014- 07-1-1024, NSF under Grant CNS-0721515, and AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship Program Award. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 88 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000016 ER PT S AU Wei, L Batalama, SN Pados, DA Suter, B AF Wei, Lili Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Suter, Bruce GP IEEE TI Cooperative transmissions over code division multiplexing channels SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID BINARY SIGNATURE SETS; TOTAL-SQUARED-CORRELATION; KARYSTINOS-PADOS BOUNDS; SUM CAPACITY; CDMA SYSTEMS; OPTIMAL SEQUENCES; USER CAPACITY; PROBABILITY; RECEIVERS; DIVERSITY AB We consider the problem of signature waveform design for code division multiplexing in wireless collaborative relay networks. In contract to conventional randomly chosen orthogonal codes, we develop an adaptive signature design strategy under the maximum predetection signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) criterion. We evaluate numerically and by simulations the bit error rate (BER) and outage probability of cooperative wireless transmissions over code division multiplexing channels. Two basic decode-and-forward relay network architectures are considered and state-of-the-art performance is demonstrated. C1 [Wei, Lili; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Suter, Bruce] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wei, L (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM liliwei@eng.buffalo.edu; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; pados@eng.buffalo.edu; bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-04-1-0256] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-04-1-0256. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 297 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000049 ER PT S AU Dourandish, R Zumel, N Manno, M AF Dourandish, Robert Zumel, Nina Manno, Michael GP IEEE TI A design pattern for asynchronous web services in secure, cross-domain information sharing SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE asynchronous web services; cross-domain; information sharing AB Cross-domain information sharing is the cornerstone of joint operations. This is particularly true in the context of intelligence activities, where raw data must be collected, distributed, analyzed, validated, and annotated before any usable information product can be created A significant barrier to rapid, efficient, and effective data distribution and analysis is the tiered, multi-domain access paradigm employed by the DOD and the Intelligence Community. This problem is significantly magnified in the context of the Service Oriented Network Centric Operations where availability and security are two pivotal, yet conflicting, objectives. Asynchronous Web Services offer a practical solution to balancing of these objectives. However, asynchronous operations are not a native component of the W3C standards [1] and while a number of commercial approaches do exist, none meet the security requirements of the highly compartmentalized DOD operations. This paper describes a design pattern that addresses many challenges of deploying web services in support of information sharing processes across heterogeneous domains. C1 [Dourandish, Robert; Zumel, Nina] Quimba Software, San Mateo, CA USA. [Manno, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Dourandish, R (reprint author), Quimba Software, San Mateo, CA USA. FU US Air Force [FA8750-05-C-0085] FX This work was supported in part by a Small Business Innovation Research award from the US Air Force, under contract number FA8750-05-C-0085. The views and opinions presented in this paper represent the views of the authors and do not, necessarily, represent the views of the DOD. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 772 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000119 ER PT S AU Luo, J Andrian, JH Zhou, C Stephens, JP AF Luo, Jun Andrian, Jean H. Zhou, Chi Stephens, James P., Sr. GP IEEE TI Performance of LDPC coded MC-CDMA downlink sysetm with constant envelope spread sequences SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID SYSTEM AB This paper proposes a Low Density Parity Coding (EDPC) Coded Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) downlink system with constant envelope spread sequences. Unlike traditional downlink MC-CDMA systems, the Complex Quadratic Sequences (CQS), which has constant envelope in both time and frequency domains, is used as the spread sequences. The CQS helps the system decrease the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and reduce the linearity requirements on the power amplifier consequently. On the other hand, the capability of CQS to mitigate Multiple Access Interference (MAI) has also been indicated The simulations are carried out in a multi-user environment. The simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms the conventional LDPC coded MC-CDMA system in both PAPR reduction and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. C1 [Luo, Jun; Andrian, Jean H.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhou, Chi] IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Stephens, James P., Sr.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM jluo001@fiu.edu; Jean.Andrian@fiu.edu; zhouc@ece.iit.edu; James.Stephens@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 822 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000127 ER PT S AU Antonik, J AF Antonik, Joseph GP IEEE TI Decision management SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB The decision making process is initiated when the current situation and past experience compels us to take some action. The purpose of the action is to somehow alter the conditions of the current situation to form a future situation that conforms to our desires. But the current situation is a consequence of previous decisions. Also, as we progress in time, our current situation will become part of that past. Therefore, decisions are made over time, with each current decision in some way predicated upon previously made decisions. Research to date has focused on the process of making a decision, whether as a structured rational choice or a more naturalistic decision making paradigm. What we will address in this paper is a concept of decision management, looking at the decision management process as a series of decision processes, aligned in time, with future decisions dependent on current decisions and current decisions impacted by past decisions. This decision management concept consists of three parts: reflective assessment that looks into the past, projective assessment that anticipates the future and decision making which reasons over the current situation. This paper will look at each of these parts in more detail and discuss relevant technologies that enable them. It is believed that by incorporating the decision process into a decision management scheme, we can mitigate the negative consequences of our decisions and reach our goal state more efficiently. C1 [Antonik, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Antonik, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1390 EP 1394 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000212 ER PT S AU Lacey, TH Mills, RF Raines, RA Williams, PD Rogers, SK AF Lacey, Timothy H. Mills, Robert F. Raines, Richard A. Williams, Paul D. Rogers, Steven K. GP IEEE TI A qualia framework for awareness in cyberspace SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB As the newest mission area for the US Air Force, cyberspace is getting a lot of attention, and rightfully so. Every person, system, and device that communicates via the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum is a part of this fascinating domain. Cyberspace is not new... it has been around for many years. However, our understanding of how this domain can be exploited has increased dramatically in recent years. As users and managers of cyberspace, we need to know what is happening in this domain. More importantly, we must know how to defend our cyber resources, exploit an adversary's use of the domain, and hold the adversary's operations at risk if need be all of this requires cyberspace awareness. This is not your grandfather's awareness (one-size-fits-all data overload), but awareness based upon what is relevant to each individual at any level of the command hierarchy, presented in a useable form. The objective is to attain universal situational awareness, defined as awareness across all media and including all the hierarchy. C1 [Lacey, Timothy H.; Mills, Robert F.; Raines, Richard A.; Williams, Paul D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, Steven K.] AF Res Lab, Air Force Base, OH USA. RP Lacey, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Lacey@afit.edu; Robert.Mills@afit.edu; Richard.Raines@afit.edu; Paul.Williams@afit.edu; Steven.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1529 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160001006 ER PT S AU Hanna, JP Muccio, MT Combs, VT Vincelette, C Reilly, JM AF Hanna, James P. Muccio, Michael T. Combs, Vaughn T. Vincelette, Christopher Reilly, James M. GP IEEE TI Managing information sharing in tactical environments SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE tactical information management; managed information objects; information broker; information dissemination; publish; subscribe AB Sharing and reliable dissemination of information in future battlefield environments will present unprecedented Information Management (IM challenges. The expected proliferation of airborne tactical sensors and non-traditional Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) assets will introduce exceptional volumes of data into the battle space. The emergence of tactical radios that support wireless Internet Protocol (IP), and improved bandwidth and processing resources will fundamentally change the way that our war fighters and systems process and share information. It is essential that hardware and software approaches to manage this data, and reliably disseminate it to the war fighter are developed to address these emerging challenges. This is the focus of Aer, an AFRL internal project that is researching, developing, and testing information management (IM) approaches with this set of tactical challenges in mind The Aer capabilities are intended for deployment on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). This paper discusses the research we are conducting to evaluate representative UAS hardware coupled with a tactical information management software prototype ccodenamed "Dino" within the mission-level context of the Aer project. The initial results of our research will be presented and future research directions will be outlined. C1 [Hanna, James P.; Muccio, Michael T.; Combs, Vaughn T.] USAF, Res Lab, Syst & Informat Inter0perabil Branch, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Vincelette, Christopher] ITT Adv Engn Syst, Rome, NY USA. [Reilly, James M.] Rome Res Corp, Rome, NY USA. RP Hanna, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Syst & Informat Inter0perabil Branch, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1977 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160001076 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, GS Blasch, E Tadda, G AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Tadda, George GP IEEE TI Adaptive Markov game theoretic data fusion approach for cyber network defense SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB This paper extends our game theoretic situation awareness and impact assessment approach for cyber network defense to consider the change of threat intent during cyber conflict. From a perspective of data fusion and adaptive control, we use a Markov (stochastic) game method to estimate the belief of each possible cyber attack pattern. With the consideration that the parameters in each game player's cost function is not accessible to other players, we design an adaptation scheme, based on the concept of Fictitious Play (FP), for the piecewise linearized Markov game model. A software tool is developed to demonstrate the performance of the adaptive game theoretic high level information fusion approach for cyber network defense and a simulation example shows the enhanced understating of cyber-network defense. C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Blasch, Erik] AFRL, SNAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tadda, George] AFRL, IFEA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 2025 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160001084 ER PT S AU Zheng, YR Chen, GS Blasch, E AF Zheng, Yahong Rosa Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A normalized fractionally lower-order moment algorithm for space-time adaptive processing SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID CLUTTER; TARGETS; FIELD AB A new space-time adaptive processing algorithm is proposed for clutter suppression in phased array radar systems. In contrast to the commonly used normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm which uses the second order moments of the data for adaptation, the proposed method uses the lower order moments of the data to adapt the weight coefficients. The normalization is also performed based on the data sample dispersion rather than the variance. Processing results using simulated and measured data show that the proposed algorithm converges faster than the NLMS algorithms in Gaussian and non-Gaussian clutter environments. It also provides better clutter suppression than the NLMS algorithm under heavy-tailed, impulsive, non-Gaussian environments. It in turn improves the target detection performance. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa] Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept ECE, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zheng, YR (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept ECE, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM zhengyr@umr.edu; gchen@i-a-i.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Army Research Office [W91INF-07-C-0018]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0336] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Army Research Office under Contract W91INF-07-C-0018 and in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-07-1-0336. The authors wish to thank Drs. Mou-Hsiung Chang and Jon A. Sjogren for their technical guidance and suggestions on the work and their constructive comments on the paper. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 2355 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160001134 ER PT S AU Young, DW Sluz, JE Juarez, JC Airola, MB Sova, RM Hurt, H Northcott, M Phillips, J McClaren, A Driver, D Abelson, D Foshee, J AF Young, David W. Sluz, Joseph E. Juarez, Juan C. Airola, Marc B. Sova, Raymond M. Hurt, Harry Northcott, Malcolm Phillips, John McClaren, Andy Driver, Don Abelson, David Foshee, James GP IEEE TI Demonstration of high data rate wavelength division multiplexed transmission over a 150 km free space optical link SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE free-space optical communication; wavelength division multiplexing; single mode fiber coupling; BER; turbulence compensation AB A 150 km free-space optical (FSO) communication link between Maui (Haleakala) and Hawaii (Mauna Loa) was demonstrated by JHU/APL and AOptix Technologies, Inc. in September 2006 Over a 5 day period, multiple configurations including single channel 2.5 Gbps transmission, single channel 10 Gbps, and four wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) 10 Gbps channels for an aggregate data rate of 40 Gbps were demonstrated. Links at data rates from 10 to 40 Gb/s were run in excess of 3 contiguous hours. Data on the received power, frame synchronization losses, and bit error rate were recorded. This paper will report on the data transfer performance (bit error rates, frame synchronization issues) of this link over a 5 day period. A micropulse lidar was run concurrently, and on a parallel path with the FSO link, recording data on scattering loss and visibility. C1 [Young, David W.; Sluz, Joseph E.; Juarez, Juan C.; Airola, Marc B.; Sova, Raymond M.; Hurt, Harry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Northcott, Malcolm; Phillips, John; McClaren, Andy; Driver, Don; Abelson, David] AOptix Technol Inc, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. [Foshee, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, IFGD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Young, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 3141 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160002021 ER PT S AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Measurement of complex permittivity and permeability using two flanged rectangular waveguides SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE absorbing materials; dielectric materials; integral equations; magnetic materials; permeability; permittivity; rectangular waveguide ID FREQUENCIES; REFLECTION AB In this paper, a non-destructive material parameter extraction technique which uses two flanged rectangular waveguides is presented. The technique improves on existing single probe methods, common in the literature, by its ability to easily measure reflection and transmission coefficients necessary for extraction of v, and mu(r) over all frequencies. Love's Equivalence Principle is used to create a system of coupled magnetic field integral equations (MFIEs) which are solved using the Method of Moments (MoM). Measurement results for two R-cards and one magnetic shielding material are shown. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2007 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380543 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827401037 ER PT S AU Gassmann, J Watson, P Kehias, L Henry, G AF Gassmann, J. Watson, P. Kehias, L. Henry, G. GP IEEE TI Wideband, high-efficiency GaN power amplifiers utilizing a non-uniform distributed topology SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE distributed amplifiers; broadband amplifiers; power amplifiers; MMICs; phased arrays ID DESIGN METHOD AB A highly efficient, wideband power amplifier designed in GaN technology and utilizing a non-uniform distributed topology is reported in this paper. Measured results of an NGES fabricated NDPA demonstrate very high efficiency across the multi-octave bandwidth. Average CW output power and PAE across 2-15 GHz was 5.5 W and 25%, respectively. Maximum output power reached 6.9 W with 32% PAE at 7 GHz. A follow-on effort utilizing NGST's mmW foundry process was initiated in an attempt to achieve even higher efficiencies while compacting the size of the chip. C1 [Gassmann, J.; Watson, P.; Kehias, L.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Henry, G.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Gassmann, J (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.379976 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827401056 ER PT S AU Roblin, P Doo, SJ Cui, X Jessen, GH Chaillot, D Strahler, J AF Roblin, Patrick Doo, Seok Joo Cui, Xian Jessen, Gregg H. Chaillot, Dominique Strahler, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI New ultra-fast real-time active load-pull measurements for high speed RF power amplifier design SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE active load-pull; large signal network analyzer (LSNA); dynamic load-line; power amplifier AB To accelerate the speed of RF power amplifier design, a novel ultra-fast real-time active load-pull measurement based on a large signal network analyzer (LSNA) is presented. Real-time load-pull conventionally uses a single-tone excitation at the transistor's output to achieve a time varying load impedance. However this approach still requires multiple measurements at different power levels to map the Smith Chart and determine the optimal load termination. This paper proposes a modulated two-tone excitation method for mapping the Smith Chart in a single 10 ins LSNA measurement. Experiments for the 1(st) and 2(nd) harmonic demonstrate that this ultra-fast real-time active load-pull permits to identify the optimal load impedance in one measurement. C1 [Roblin, Patrick; Doo, Seok Joo; Cui, Xian] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. [Jessen, Gregg H.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chaillot, Dominique] CEA Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. [Strahler, Jeffrey] Andrew Corp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Roblin, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. EM roblin@ece.osu.edu FU NSF [ECS-0622003] FX This project was funded by NSF grant ECS-0622003. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 1488 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827404001 ER PT B AU Hubert, WG AF Hubert, Walter G. GP IEEE TI Non-ionizing radiation-specific biomarker research at the United States air force research laboratory SO 2007 IEEE/NIH LIFE SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop CY SEP 05-07, 2007 CL Bethesda, MD SP IEEE, NIH ID RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; MAMMARY-TUMORS; MICE PRONE; LONG-TERM; EXPOSURE; PULSES; CANCER AB Military communication, detection and ranging, and recent weapons technologies involve various forms of directed energy (DE) that are considered nonionizing, such as radio waves, microwaves, Terahertz- and optical radiation. Severe overexposure to DE is known to cause damage to living tissue through either photochemical or thermal mechanisms. However, below the standard-defined damage thresholds of DE, biological changes are more difficult to ascertain. Past experimentation has shown that DE induces hyperthermia, localized or systemic, that will resolve itself over time. No mutagenic effects, tumor promotion, or changes in fertility and longevity have been observed. Owing to the relatively low photon energies produced by DE devices, the biological effects at the molecular level involve multiple markers that exhibit only moderate changes. For this reason, new approaches to DE-induced biomarker detection and analysis need to be taken, which meet required sensitivity, sampling scope, depth of analysis, and accessibility. Technology development efforts need to focus on harnessing the gamut of biomedical knowledge to maximize diagnostic power and deliver appropriate answers in real-time to the end user. This vision of instant diagnosis is shared by the biomedical community as well as the Department of Defense. The Air Force Research Laboratory and medical research detachments of the US Army and Navy are jointly performing DE-related bioeffects research, characterizing the impact of exposure on humans, protecting the war-righter on the battlefield, assuring the safe operation of DE devices, evaluating exposure-related health issues, and contributing to safety standards. C1 AF Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Hubert, WG (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1812-1 PY 2007 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1109/LSSA.2007.4400924 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHP91 UT WOS:000255229500055 ER PT B AU Camacho, JF Ruden, EL AF Camacho, J. F. Ruden, E. L. GP IEEE TI Design of a multichord optical interferometer with an axial fiber-optic probe to measure electron density in a field-reversed configuration SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; PLASMA AB We present the design of a four-chord laser interferometer system operating at 633 nm that will measure the electron density of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) produced by the magnetized target fusion (MTF) experiment at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The design is a modified version of an eight-chord system previously used to provide time-resolved information about the spatial distribution of electron density in a similar FRC experiment. With the current system, a fanned array of laser beams will probe the plasma through the FRC midplane along four different chords, and the optical phase shift of each beam relative to a reference beam will be used to infer the line integrated electron density. In addition, a new feature of our design will be the option of diverting any or all of the four probe beams into single-mode optical fibers whose collimated outputs can be used to probe different axial locations simultaneously. This fiber-optic probe beam modification will enable us to place the interferometer system's optical table at a safe distance from the MTF-FRC experiment when destructive tests involving plasma compression by a solid metal liner imploded by the Shiva Star capacitor bank are attempted. C1 [Camacho, J. F.] NumerEx, 2309 Renard Pl SE,Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ruden, E. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Camacho, JF (reprint author), NumerEx, 2309 Renard Pl SE,Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM frank.camacho@kirtland.af.mil FU U.S. Department of Energys Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AI02- 04ER54764] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under Contract DE-AI02- 04ER54764. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 367 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651860 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300082 ER PT B AU Domonkos, MT O'Loughlin, JP Tran, TC Turchi, PJ Brown, D Gregg, CW Parker, JV Montoya, T Slenes, K AF Domonkos, Matthew T. O'Loughlin, James P. Tran, Tyrone C. Turchi, Peter J. Brown, Darwin Gregg, Carl W. Parker, Jerald V. Montoya, Thomas Slenes, Kirk GP IEEE TI Stacked, parallel-plate solid-dielectric blumlein lines for compact pulsed power SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The stacked Blumlein line is a concept that has been touted as a highly compact pulsed power system because it combines the functions of energy storage, voltage scaling, and pulse shaping into a single sub-system. As a result, two single stage Blumlein lines have been fabricated and tested using a polymer-ceramic composite dielectric. Examination of the breakdown of the dielectric near the DC voltage specification led to the understanding of the degree of voltage reversal experienced by the lines. Voltage reversal is compounded in a stacked arrangement. The voltage reversal and transients induced by the switch jitter in a stacked configuration require significant derating of the dielectric strength. Consequently, the system must be operated much below the intrinsic dielectric energy density, compromising efforts to design a compact pulsed power system. This paper presents the conclusion that for derating below 0.72, as is likely necessary, a stacked Blumlein line will contain more dielectric than a comparable stacked transmission line. C1 [Domonkos, Matthew T.; O'Loughlin, James P.; Tran, Tyrone C.; Turchi, Peter J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brown, Darwin; Gregg, Carl W.; Parker, Jerald V.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Montoya, Thomas] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Slenes, Kirk] TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 481 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651886 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300108 ER PT B AU Koppisetty, K Kirkici, H Schweickart, DL AF Koppisetty, K. Kirkici, H. Schweickart, D. L. GP IEEE TI Pulsed breakdown characteristics of helium in partial vacuum in kHz range SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB This paper presents work on breakdown studies conducted in helium at partial vacuum conditions for a point-to-point electrode setup. A high frequency pulsed voltage signal is applied across the electrodes and the voltage-current characteristics are observed. The applied signal consists of a train of square pulses at frequencies of 50 kHz and 150 kHz with duty cycle varying from 10% to 50%. The rise/fall times of the pulses are less than 25 ns. These studies are conducted to understand and compare the role of pulse duration and the pulse repetition rate in electrical breakdown initiation at low pressure conditions. Data of voltage and current waveforms as a function of time, along with the light emission data collected by a PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube) are collected and breakdown voltage versus pressure, frequency and duty cycle are presented respectively. C1 [Koppisetty, K.; Kirkici, H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Schweickart, D. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koppisetty, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kalyan_k@ieee.org FU Universal Technology Corp., under Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate [F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024] FX Work supported by the Universal Technology Corp., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, contract number F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1532 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652478 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300346 ER PT B AU Schweickart, DL Kirkici, H Walko, LC Dunbar, WG AF Schweickart, Daniel L. Kirkici, Hulya Walko, Lawrence C. Dunbar, William G. GP IEEE TI Insulation and dielectric breakdown design considerations in sub-atmospheric environments SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB A detailed knowledge of electrical insulation and high voltage design techniques is essential if reliable high voltage systems are to be designed and manufactured for use in sub-atmospheric environments. The trend is towards more advanced systems operating at higher voltages in compact, economical packages that have been submitted to a battery of diagnostic techniques to ensure a high quality assembly. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of high voltage electrical/electronic design considerations required to specify and apply electrical insulation to high-voltage parts, components and systems used in sub-atmospheric environments. Operating voltage, frequency, temperature, ambient gas composition, pressure, radiation, and structural requirements must be known when designing insulation for high voltage equipment. C1 [Schweickart, Daniel L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kirkici, Hulya] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Walko, Lawrence C.] Innovat Sci Sol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Schweickart, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1661 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652509 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300377 ER PT B AU Grabowski, C Degnan, J Babineau, M Camacho, F Coffey, S Coulter, G Domonkos, M Gale, D Martinez, B Parker, J Rarph, D Ruden, E Sommars, W Hsu, S Intrator, T Renneke, R Sieck, P Waganaar, B Wurden, G AF Grabowski, Chris Degnan, James Babineau, Mark Camacho, Frank Coffey, Sean Coulter, Gordon Domonkos, Matt Gale, Don Martinez, Bernard Parker, Jerry Rarph, Dale Ruden, Ed Sommars, Wayne Hsu, Scott Intrator, Tom Renneke, Richard Sieck, Paul Waganaar, Birr Wurden, Glen GP IEEE TI FRC compression heating experiment (FRCHX) at AFRL SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID REVERSED CONFIGURATION PLASMA; MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION AB Over the past seven years, the Air Force Research Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM has been working in close collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory on their field-reversed configuration (FRC) experiment, FRX-L. Through these joint efforts a second experiment has been designed and is now being assembled and tested at the AFRL. This new experiment, which is referred to as the FRC Heating Experiment (FRCHX), has the goal of not only forming a plasma in a field-reversed configuration but of also translating it into an aluminum flux conserving shell (solid liner), where it will be subsequently heated through rapid compression of the liner. The FRC formation portion of FRCHX has been designed to closely match the electrical properties of FRX-L so that FRCs of similar parameters can be formed. Likewise, the translation portion of FRCHX, which has been designed and fabricated concurrently with the new translation section of FRX-L, also closely matches that of FRX-L. The design approach being taken to compressively heat the FRC in the final portion of FRCHX relies on the experimental setup used during two earlier "deformable-contact" vacuum liner experiments that were performed with the Shiva Star Capacitor Bank. In these experiments the liner electrodes had 8-cm-diameter holes on their axes, and both tests were found to be successful in that the ends of the 10-cm diameter, 30-cm long aluminum liner stretched and maintained contact with the electrodes while the body of the liner glided radially inward to implode uniformly. This presentation focuses on the system design and integration of the first two portions of the FRCHX experiment, the FRC formation and translation sections. The measured and/or intended performance of each are discussed, along with the various magnetic and plasma diagnostics that are being fielded in both sections. The remaining tasks to be accomplished before a complete FRC formation, translation, and compression experiment can be performed are also outlined at the end. C1 [Grabowski, Chris; Degnan, James; Babineau, Mark; Camacho, Frank; Coffey, Sean; Coulter, Gordon; Domonkos, Matt; Gale, Don; Martinez, Bernard; Parker, Jerry; Rarph, Dale; Ruden, Ed; Sommars, Wayne] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hsu, Scott; Intrator, Tom; Renneke, Richard; Sieck, Paul; Waganaar, Birr; Wurden, Glen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grabowski, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM theodore.grabowski@kirtland.af.mil RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 FU US Dept of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Studies [FA9451-05-D-0004] FX Work supported by the US Dept of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Studies under contract number FA9451-05-D-0004 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1728 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652525 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300393 ER PT S AU Perera, AGU Matsik, SG Jayaweera, PVV Huang, DH Liu, HC Buchanan, M AF Perera, A. G. U. Matsik, S. G. Jayaweera, P. V. V. Huang, D. H. Liu, H. C. Buchanan, M. GP IEEE TI Plasmon enhancements for FIR detection SO 2007 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Sensors Council ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; FRACTAL CLUSTERS; MICROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; MOLECULES AB The use of plasmons to improve the response of FIR and THz detectors is generating extensive interest. Increased absorption due to the plasmonic absorption in a GaAs wafer with a thin oxide layer and a metal grid is reported. As expected, an absorption peak for E perpendicular to the grid is observed with peak wavelength varying from 12.6 to 14.3 mu m as the grid period varies from 3.6 to 4.5 mu m. The absorption peak wavelength obeys the equation sin theta/lambda + n/a = alpha/lambda with an experimentally determined value of 3.1 for alpha. The plasmon absorption is similar to 25% and incorporation of plasmon effects into FIR detectors could lead to enhanced response. C1 [Perera, A. G. U.; Matsik, S. G.; Jayaweera, P. V. V.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Huang, D. H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Liu, H. C.; Buchanan, M.] CNR, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Perera, AGU (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU US NSF [#ECS-0553051] FX This work was supported in part by the US NSF under Grant #ECS-0553051. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-1261-7 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2007 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2007.4388428 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHN71 UT WOS:000254563600110 ER PT B AU Alqadah, HF Fan, HH Plaga, JA AF Alqadah, Hatim F. Fan, H. Howard Plaga, John A. GP IEEE TI Comparison of time-frequency classification methods for intelligent automatic jettisoning device of helmet-mounted display systems SO 2007 IEEE/SP 14TH WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/SP Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Madison, WI SP IEEE, SP DE time-frequency representation; signal classification; Wigner-Ville distribution; kernel; pattern recognition AB Helmet-Mounted Display Systems (HMDS) improve the situational awareness of an air force pilot in combat; however, they can increase the probability of neck injury to a pilot during a crash or ejection due to their added weight and center of gravity shift. Attempts with simple mechanical force/acceleration release systems to release the HMDS during an ejection event have been unsatisfactory since helmet accelerations during normal air combat maneuvering (ACM) can be near peak accelerations seen during a crash or ejection. The HMDS acceleration responses indicated being non-stationary signals, which resulted in use of time-frequency classification methods to differentiate between the crash/ejection events and those of normal aircraft maneuvering. Parametric and non-parametric approaches for the optimization of the time-frequency representations (TFR) with the goal of classifications between these two environments were compared. The non-parametric approach was determined to be superior. C1 [Alqadah, Hatim F.; Fan, H. Howard] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Plaga, John A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45221 USA. RP Alqadah, HF (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1197-9 PY 2007 BP 730 EP + DI 10.1109/SSP.2007.4301355 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI51 UT WOS:000253416000150 ER PT B AU Lamont, GB Slear, JN Melendez, K AF Lamont, Gary B. Slear, James N. Melendez, Kenneth GP IEEE TI UAV swarm mission planning and routing using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium of Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision Making CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The purpose of this research is to design and implement a comprehensive mission planning system for swarms of autonomous aerial vehicles (UAV). The system integrates several problem domains including path planning, vehicle routing, and swarm behavior as based upon a hierarchical architecture. The developed system consists of a parallel, multi-objective evolutionary algorithm-based terrain-following parallel path planner and an evolutionary algorithm-based vehicle router. Objectives include minimizing cost and risk generally associated with a three dimensional vehicle routing problem (VRP). The culmination of this effort is the development of an extensible developmental path planning model integrated with swarm behavior and tested with a parallel UAV simulation. Discussions on the system's capabilities are presented along with recommendations for further development. C1 [Lamont, Gary B.; Slear, James N.; Melendez, Kenneth] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lamont, GB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gary.Lamont@AFIT.Edu FU Information Directorate and the Sensors Directorate (Virtual Combat Laboratory); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); WPAFB, Ohio FX This effort is a research element of the AFIT Advanced Navigation Technology Laboratory. The research is sponsored by the Information Directorate and the Sensors Directorate (Virtual Combat Laboratory), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), WPAFB, Ohio. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0702-6 PY 2007 BP 10 EP + DI 10.1109/MCDM.2007.369410 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGM53 UT WOS:000248485300003 ER PT B AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB Hopkinson, KM Graham, SR AF Kleeman, Mark P. Lamont, Gary B. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Graham, Scott R. GP IEEE TI Solving multicommodity capacitated network design problems using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Security and Defense Applications CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB Evolutionary algorithms have been applied to a variety of network flow problems with acceptable results. In this research, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to solve a variation of the multicommodity capacitated network design problem (MCNDP). This variation represents a hybrid communication network as found in network centric models with multiple objectives including costs, delays, robustness, vulnerability, and reliability. Nodes in such centric systems can have multiple and varying link capacities, rates and information (commodity) quantities to be delivered and received. Each commodity can have an independent prioritized bandwidth requirement as well. Insight to the MCNDP problem domain and Pareto structure is developed. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is modified and extended to solve such a MCNDP. Since the MCNDP is highly constrained, a novel initialization procedure and mutation method are also integrated into this MOEA. Empirical results and analysis indicate that effective solutions are generated very efficiently. C1 [Kleeman, Mark P.; Lamont, Gary B.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Graham, Scott R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0700-2 PY 2007 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1109/CISDA.2007.368132 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN42 UT WOS:000248597400005 ER PT B AU Wu, Q Qiu, QR Linderman, R Burns, D Moore, M Fitzgerald, D AF Wu, Qing Qiu, Qinru Linderman, Richard Burns, Daniel Moore, Michael Fitzgerald, Dennis GP IEEE TI Architectural design and complexity analysis of large-scale cortical simulation on a hybrid computing platform SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Security and Defense Applications CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Research and development in modeling and simulation of human cognizance functions requires a high-performance computing platform for manipulating large-scale mathematical models. Traditional computing architectures cannot fulfill the attendant needs in terms of arithmetic computation and communication bandwidth. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid computing architecture for the simulation and evaluation of large-scale associative neural memory models. The proposed architecture achieves very high computing and communication performances by combining the technologies of hardware-accelerated computing, parallel distributed data operation and the publish/subscribe protocol. Analysis has been done on the computation and data bandwidth demands for implementing a large-scale Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) model. Compared to the traditional computing architecture, the proposed architecture can achieve at least 100X speedup. C1 [Wu, Qing; Qiu, Qinru] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Linderman, Richard; Burns, Daniel; Moore, Michael; Fitzgerald, Dennis] AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM qwu@binghamton.edu; qqiu@binghamton.adu; Michael.Moore.ctr@rl.af.mil; Dennis.Fitzgerald@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, New York FX This work is sponsored by the Information Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, New York. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0700-2 PY 2007 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1109/CISDA.2007.368154 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN42 UT WOS:000248597400027 ER PT B AU Grimaila, MR Fortson, LW AF Grimaila, Michael R. Fortson, Larry W. GP IEEE TI Towards an information asset-based defensive cyber damage assessment process SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Security and Defense Applications CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE command and control; situational awareness; information asset valuation; information dependency AB The use of computers and communication technologies to enhance Command and Control (C2) processes has yielded enormous benefits in military operations. Commanders are able to make higher quality decisions by accessing a greater number of information resources, obtaining more frequent updates from their information resources, and by correlation between, and across, multiple information resources to reduce uncertainty in the battlespace. However, these benefits do not come without a cost. The reliance on technology results in significant operational risk that is often overlooked and is frequently underestimated. In this research-in-progress paper, we discuss our initial findings in our efforts to improve the defensive cyber battle damage assessment process within US Air Force networks. We have found that the lack of a rigorous, well-documented, information asset-based risk management process results in significant uncertainty and delay when assessing the impact of an information incident. C1 [Grimaila, Michael R.; Fortson, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Informat Secur Educ & Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grimaila, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Informat Secur Educ & Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu; Larry.Fortson@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F4FBBA6227G001] FX This work was supported by a research grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory (F4FBBA6227G001). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0700-2 PY 2007 BP 206 EP + DI 10.1109/CISDA.2007.368155 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN42 UT WOS:000248597400028 ER PT B AU Brungart, DS Hobbs, BW Hamil, JT AF Brungart, Douglas S. Hobbs, Brian W. Hamil, James T. GP IEEE TI A comparsion of acoustic and psychoacoustic measurements of pass-through hearing protection devices SO 2007 IEEE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TO AUDIO AND ACOUSTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoutics CY OCT 21-24, 2007 CL New Paltz, NY SP IEEE AB In environments where listeners need to detect low-level sounds while being protected from high-level noises, electronic pass-through hearing protectors (EPHPs) offer an appealing alternative to traditional passive earplugs or earmuffs. In this paper, we compare acoustic measurements of the Head-Related Transfer Functions associated with eight different EPHPs to localization results measured on human listeners with the same devices. The results are discussed in terms of the insights they can provide for the design of improved EPHP systems. C1 [Brungart, Douglas S.; Hobbs, Brian W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hamil, James T.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil; brain.hobbs@wpafb.af.mil; james.hamil@wpafb.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1618-9 PY 2007 BP 277 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BIB93 UT WOS:000258319500070 ER PT B AU Gossink, D Shahin, M Lemmer, J Fuss, I AF Gossink, Don Shahin, Mofeed Lemmer, John Fuss, Ian GP IEEE TI A practical approach to a dynamic Bayesian networks SO 2007 INFORMATION DECISION AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Decision and Control CY FEB 12-14, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB A known impediment to the practical application of Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) by subject matter experts is the "knowledge acquisition problem". In this paper we present a series of novel concepts as an approach to make DBNs accessible. We provide a number of extensions and formalisms to DBNs to provide a framework for the development of a usable causal modelling language. We also address the issues of developing and populating models that can be computed using DBN techniques. Benefits of applying the preceding notions are that DBN creation becomes tenable and easily interpreted by a non-model builder. C1 [Gossink, Don; Shahin, Mofeed; Fuss, Ian] DSTO, Command & Control Div, POB 1500, Edinburgh 5111, Australia. [Lemmer, John] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Gossink, D (reprint author), DSTO, Command & Control Div, POB 1500, Edinburgh 5111, Australia. EM Don.Gossink@dsto.defense.gov.au; Mofeed.Shahin@dsto.defense.gov.au; John.Lemmer@rl.af.mil; Ian.Fuss@dsto.defense.gov.au NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0901-3 PY 2007 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGN08 UT WOS:000248554800017 ER PT B AU Han, KJ Kieffer, JC AF Han, Keesook J. Kieffer, John C. GP IEEE TI The challenges of intrusion detection compression technology SO 2007 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop CY FEB, 2006 CL Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA HO Univ Calif San Diego DE compression; encryption; data anonymization; metadata; privacy preserving; relational database; large; alphabet; grammar-based compression; database management; multiple compression dictionaries AB Data base Management System (DBMS) controls and manages data to eliminate data redundancy and to ensure integrity, consistency and availability of the data, among other features. Even though DBMS vendors continue to offer greater automation and simplicity in managing databases, the need for specialized intrusion detection database compression technology has not yet been addressed. Our research focuses on developing such technology. The focus is not only on compression but also on database management through planning and best practice adoption to improve operational efficiency, and provide lower costs, privacy and security. The focus in this summary is on the compression part of the DMBS system for intrusion detection. We present a methodology employing grammar-based and large alphabet compression techniques which involves the generation of multiple dictionaries for compressing clustered subfiles of a very large data file. One of the dictionaries is a common dictionary which models features common to the subfiles. In addition, non-common features of each subfile are modeled via an auxiliary dictionary. Each clustered subfile is compressed using the augmented dictionary consisting of the common dictionary together with the auxiliary dictionary for that subfile. C1 [Han, Keesook J.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kieffer, John C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Han, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Keesook.Han@rl.af.mil; kieffer@umn.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-615-15314-8 PY 2007 BP 200 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGV69 UT WOS:000250812500029 ER PT B AU Deming, R Schindler, J Perlovsky, L AF Deming, Ross Schindler, John Perlovsky, Leonid GP IEEE TI Concurrent tracking and detection of slowly moving targets using dynamic logic SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB We describe a new approach for combining range and Doppler radar data to perform multi-target detection and tracking. The algorithm framework is based upon dynamic logic, a biologically-inspired neural architecture, which yields advantages over conventional multi-target tracking algorithms by reducing the computational complexity during data association by several orders of magnitude. The algorithm is tested on experimental range-plus-Doppler radar data, and the results demonstrate a surprising degree of robustness in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter and uncertainty in the number of targets. C1 [Deming, Ross; Schindler, John; Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deming, R (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; j.schindler@ieee.org; leonid.perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX his research was supported by Dr. John Sjogren of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors would like to thank scientists from DARPA and Lincoln Laboratory for supplying radar data and technical assistance. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 7 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369776 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800002 ER PT B AU Capraro, G Wicks, M AF Capraro, G. Wicks, M. GP IEEE TI Intelligent processing in multi-sensor systems SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB An Autonomous Intelligent Radar System (AIRS) deployed on a surveillance aircraft is briefly described. A Net-Centric compliant approach for integrating AIRS is presented. An overview of unmanned autonomous air vehicle research is provided along with a discussion of some of the issues with integrating AIRS aboard these vehicles. C1 [Capraro, G.] Capraro Technol Inc, 311 Turner St Suite 410, Utica, NY 13501 USA. [Wicks, M.] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Capraro, G (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, 311 Turner St Suite 410, Utica, NY 13501 USA. FU USAF Sensors Directorate at the Rome; NY Research Site FX The work described herein was partially supported by the USAF Sensors Directorate at the Rome, NY Research Site. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 12 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369777 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800003 ER PT B AU Kovalerchuk, B Perlovsky, L AF Kovalerchuk, Boris Perlovsky, Leonid GP IEEE TI Modeling field theory and logic SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The modeling field theory (MFT) has been developed for modeling complex systems including the most challenging one that is the modeling of mind. It has been successful in dealing with the enormous computational complexity of these problems. One of the main ideas behind such success is the matching of the levels of uncertainty of the problem/model and the levels of uncertainty of the evaluation criterion used to identify the model. When a model becomes more certain then the evaluation criterion is also adjusted dynamically to match an adjusted model. This process is called a dynamic logic (DL) of model construction. It is likely that the dynamic logic mimics a process of a natural evolution. The goal of this paper is the formalization of the dynamic logic using the first order logic and logic model theory. We introduce partial orders on the models with respect to their uncertainty and specificity. These partial orders are represented using Boolean parameters. The theory of monotone Boolean functions is used for search guiding the search in the parameter space. C1 [Kovalerchuk, Boris] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Kovalerchuk, B (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. OI Kovalerchuk, Boris/0000-0002-0995-9539 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369778 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800004 ER PT B AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. GP IEEE TI Natural language SOA using dynamic logic SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA DE mind; dynamic logic; language acquisition; service oriented architectures; search engines AB The paper addresses adaptive learning of language in SOA from its human users. This is an unsolved problem in existing search engines, such as Yahoo and Google. An algorithm based on dynamic logic is described, which learns phrases from SOA human users. Extensions to the entire language acquisition are discussed. Results could be used to build more efficient search engines that would not depend on users' knowing exact terminology. The ontology SOA structure could be made adaptive, learning from constantly changing user needs and practices. C1 Harvard Univ, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA.; Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leonid@deas.harvard.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 58 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369785 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800011 ER PT B AU Streltsov, S Petrov, S Muchnik, I Perlovsky, L Deming, R AF Streltsov, Simon Petrov, Sergey Muchnik, Ilya Perlovsky, Leonid Deming, Ross GP IEEE TI Computational analysis of dynamic logic GMTI tracker SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The major computational challenge of multi-target tracking in clutter is solving the report-to-track association problem that has non-combinatorial complexity. Dynamic Logic (DL) tracker performs data association without combinatorial complexity. The algorithm is designed for multi-target high-clutter scenarios in which combinatorial trackers have impractically high complexity. Thus, DL tracker can operate on GMTI data with low detection thresholds and detect very low signal tracks. This paper presents analysis of numerical performance of the Dynamic Logic tracker on a representative scenario. C1 [Streltsov, Simon; Petrov, Sergey; Muchnik, Ilya] LongShortWay Inc, 10 Dana St,Ste 508, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Air Force Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Deming, Ross] Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Streltsov, S (reprint author), LongShortWay Inc, 10 Dana St,Ste 508, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM simon@longshortway.com; sergey@longshortway.com; muchnik@longshortway.com; Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil; Ross.Deming@hanscom.af.mil RI Streltsov, Simon/F-8149-2016 OI Streltsov, Simon/0000-0001-5127-0770 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 190 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369808 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800034 ER PT B AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. GP IEEE TI Neurodynamics of consciousness and cultures SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The knowledge instinct drives higher cognitive functions of the mind and determines evolution of consciousness and cultures. Dynamic logic mathematically describes these mechanisms, including concepts, emotions, instincts, consciousness and unconscious. The two main aspects of the knowledge instinct are differentiation and synthesis. They are in complex relationship of symbiosis and opposition, leading to complex non-linear evolution. Mathematical modeling of these dynamics in a population leads to predictions for the evolution of languages, consciousness, and cultures. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] US Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@deas.harvard.edu FU AFOSR [05SN02COR] FX I am thankful to D. Levine, R. Deming, B. Weijers, and R. Kozma for discussions, help and advice, and to AFOSR for supporting part of this research under the Lab. Task 05SN02COR, PM Dr. Jon Sjogren. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 359 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369836 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800062 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Ewing, RL Lyons, JB Roberts, RG AF Repperger, D. W. Ewing, R. L. Lyons, J. B. Roberts, R. G. GP IEEE TI Investigation of performance of distributed complex systems using information-theoretic means and genetic algorithms SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL Jacksonville, FL SP IEEE AB An investigation is conducted into performance measures to evaluate network-centric systems via their information or other flow properties. To approach this problem, concepts are borrowed from Graph Theory Information, Theory, and current methods to analyze network- centric systems. A number of tools are presented to help better understand how to measure the flow in distributed networks. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by taking a known distributed paradigm (logistics system) and examining situations that produce maximum and minimum flow conditions. The optimization problem involving flow variables is computationally complex (NP-hard) and thus is determined via genetic algorithms. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Ewing, R. L.; Lyons, J. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roberts, R. G.] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@iece.org; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil; Joe.Lyons@wpafb.afmil; rroberts@eng.fsu.edu FU AFOSR [2313HC54] FX This work was supported, in part, by the AFOSR under Grant 2313HC54. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0789-7 PY 2007 BP 53 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGP12 UT WOS:000249266100010 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Roberts, RG Pinkus, AR AF Repperger, D. W. Roberts, R. G. Pinkus, A. R. GP IEEE TI Computer vision studies using stochastic resonance/information-theoretic methods SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL Jacksonville, FL SP IEEE AB An investigation into computer vision techniques is conducted using a procedure from nonlinear dynamics termed "stochastic resonance." This work involves concepts from detection theory, information theory and nonlinear dynamics. An information distance metric is synthesized which helps define the dependent measure to be used with the stochastic resonance optimization. Monte Carlo simulations show the efficacy of the proposed method. A class of test objects are presented to fairly evaluate the utility of the proposed methods introduced. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Pinkus, A. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roberts, R. G.] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org; rroberts@eng.fsu.edu; alan.pinkus@wpafb.afmil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2313HC54] FX This work was supported, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant 2313HC54. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0789-7 PY 2007 BP 59 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGP12 UT WOS:000249266100011 ER PT B AU Hong, S Saville, MA Simpson, C Marshall, P AF Hong, Seng Saville, Michael A. Simpson, Chad Marshall, Patrick GP IEEE TI Investigation on genetic algorithm for countermeasure technique generator SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE electronic countermeasures; genetic algorithm; optimization; hardware-in-the-loop simulation AB Development of successful electronic countermeasure (ECM) techniques against target track radars is a time-consuming and expensive process. Recently, Nunez et al. reported a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method for ECM techniques generation; this paper outlines the current effort to implement the approach with an operational radar system and to establish a methodology for arbitrary ECM signal generation in a closed-loop system. While this effort employs GA, the method applies equally to other optmization techniques. After defining the GA fitness function for a generic range gate pull off (RGPO) technique, the ECM signal is implemented with a very fast digital arbitrary waveform generator. The RGPO signal is injected into the radar environment, and the tracking radar response is measured and scored for optimization. The method is suitable for more sophisticated ECM signals and will be studied in future work. C1 [Hong, Seng; Marshall, Patrick] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marshall, Patrick] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Simpson, Chad] Mac Caulry Brown Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Hong, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1448-2 PY 2007 BP 340 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI83 UT WOS:000253451000087 ER PT B AU Capraro, GT Bradaric, I Wicks, MC AF Capraro, G. T. Bradaric, I. Wicks, M. C. GP IEEE TI Knowledge base technologies for waveform diversity and electromagnetic compatibility SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE DE radar; waveform diversity; knowledge base AB Waveform diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a dynamically changing environment is provided along with an example knowledge base (KB) solution. C1 [Capraro, G. T.; Bradaric, I.] Capraro Technol Inc, 311 Turner St Suite 410, Utica, NY 13501 USA. [Wicks, M. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Capraro, GT (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, 311 Turner St Suite 410, Utica, NY 13501 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 88 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339386 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900019 ER PT B AU Ferrara, M Kupferschmid, M Coxson, G AF Ferrara, Matthew Kupferschmid, Michael Coxson, Gregory GP IEEE TI The peak sidelobe distribution for binary codes SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE ID SEQUENCES AB Low aperiodic-autocorrelation peak sidelobe levels (PSLs) relate to enhanced range resolution for binary-phase-coded radar and communication waveforms. Typical methods to identify the minimum-attainable PSL for a given code length N require exhaustive calculations whose computational burden grows exponentially with N. In this project, exact PSL histograms were determined for computationally practical lengths. These histograms may lead to ways to estimate PSL distributions for computationally impractical lengths. Plots of the lower four moments for N between 1 and 45 showed that the moments can be approximated closely by alpha N-k. Histograms for N = 45 were compared to a binomially-distributed PSL PDF model based on statistically independent sidelobes. The independent-sidelobe model agreed closely with truth for middle- to high-PSL values, and only varied significantly from truth for PSLs one or two units away from the lowest achievable PSL. Future work will examine ways to develop the PDF from the moments accurately enough to estimate minimum PSL for a given N, and ways to account for sidelobe dependence in the probabilistic model. C1 [Ferrara, Matthew] AFRL SNAT, AF Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kupferschmid, Michael] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Acad Res Comp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Coxson, Gregory] Technol Serv Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), AFRL SNAT, AF Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Ferrara@wpafb.af.mil; kupfem@rpi.edu; greg.coxson@tsc.com FU Department of Defense SMART Program's FX M.F. is thankful for the Department of Defense SMART Programs support of this work. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339397 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900030 ER PT B AU Sohn, KJ Li, HB Himed, B Markow, JS AF Sohn, Kwang June Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham Markow, Joshua S. GP IEEE TI Multichannel parametric detectors for airborne radar applications SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE ID ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER AB We consider the problem of detecting a multichannel signal in the presence of spatially and temporally colored disturbances. The parametric Rao and GLRT detectors, recently developed by exploiting a multichannel autoregressive (AR) model for the disturbance, have been shown to perform well with limited or even no range training data. The performance of the parametric detectors, however, has been evaluated through the limited computer simulations. The disturbances were generated to follow the exact multichannel AR processes and independently from each other with the same distribution whereas the disturbances in an airborne radar environment do not follow the exact multichannel AR model. In this paper, we evaluate the detection performance of the parametric Rao and GLRT detectors using airborne data obtained from the Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurement (MCARM) database. This data contain typical clutter found in airborne radar systems, and cover a variety of scenarios including dense-target or heterogeneous environment. Numerical results show that the parametric Rao and GLRT detectors work well with limited or even no range training data in an airborne radar environment. C1 [Sohn, Kwang June; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] Signal Labs Inc, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Markow, Joshua S.] AF Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sohn, KJ (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM ksohn@stevens.edu; hli@stevens.edu; braham.himed@signal-labs.com; Joshua.Markow@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8750-05-2-0001] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA8750-05-2-0001. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 178 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339405 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900038 ER PT B AU Kannan, R Wu, ZQ Wei, SQ Chakravarthy, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kannan, Rajgopal Wu, Zhiqiang Wei, Shuangqing Chakravarthy, Vasu Rangaswamy, Murali GP IEEE TI Soft-decision cognitive radio power control based on intelligent spectrum sensing SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE AB We formulate an expression for the channel capacity of a soft-decision cognitive network in which cognitive radio transmitters can share spectrum usage with primary users depending on adaptive interference tolerance limits. We consider the problem of capacity maximization in this domain and provide an efficient polynomial time algorithm for cognitive radio power control. Results obtained using this algorithm will be useful in soft-decision spectrum allocation for cognitive radio (CR) transmitters as well as for developing the general analytic enabling waveform for soft-decision CR described in [6]. C1 [Kannan, Rajgopal] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wei, Shuangqing] Louisiana State Univ, Dept ECE, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rangaswamy, Murali] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kannan, R (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NSF [IIS-0329738, ITR-0312632]; AFRL [F33615-02-D-1283, 05-2D1005.001] FX This work was supported by NSF grants IIS-0329738, ITR-0312632 and by AFRL under contract #F33615-02-D-1283 (sub #05-2D1005.001). The opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and independent of the sponsoring agencies. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339408 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900041 ER PT B AU Wicks, MC Moore, W AF Wicks, Michael C. Moore, William GP IEEE TI Distributed and layered sensing SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE AB One can easily envision future military operations and emerging civilian requirements (e.g. intelligent unmanned vehicles for urban warfare, intelligent manufacturing plants) that will be both complex and stressing and will demand innovative sensors and sensor configurations. The goal of our research into Distributed and Layered Sensing is to develop a cost effective and extendable approach for providing surveillance for a variety of applications in dynamically changing military and civilian environments. Within Distributed and Layered sensing, we foresee a new sensor archetype. In this paradigm, sensors and algorithms will be autonomously altered depending on the environment. Radars will use the same returns to perform detection and discrimination, to adjust the platform flight path and change mission priorities. The sensors will dynamically and automatically change waveform parameters to accomplish these goals. Disparate sensors will communicate and share data and instructions in real-time. Intelligent sensor systems will operate within and between sensor platforms such that the integration of multiple sensor data provides information needed to achieve dynamic goals and avoid electromagnetic fratricide. Intelligent sensor platforms working in partnership will increase information flow, minimize ambiguities, and dynamically change multiple sensors' operations based upon a changing environment. Concomitant with the current emphasis on more flexible defense structures, Distributed and Layered sensing will allow the appropriate incremental application of remote sensing assets by matching resources to the situation at hand. In this paper, we discuss the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues that must be addressed and understood as part of the development of a futuristic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance concept utilizing Distributed and Layered sensing waveform diverse systems. These systems involve the innovative integration of cutting edge technologies such as: knowledge-based signal processing, robotics, wireless networking, waveform diversity, the semantic web, advanced computer architectures and supporting software languages. This concept is projected as an autonomous constellation of air, space, and ground vehicles that would offer a robust paradigm to build toward future deployments. The goal is to develop waveform-time-space adaptive processing algorithms for distributed apertures that could reduce EMC issues. C1 [Wicks, Michael C.; Moore, William] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339417 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900050 ER PT B AU Beard, TW Temple, MA Miller, JO Mills, RF AF Beard, T. W. Temple, M. A. Miller, J. O. Mills, R. F. GP IEEE TI Using genetic algorithms for spectrally modulated spectrally encoded waveform design SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE AB A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to design Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveforms while characterizing the impact of parametric variation on coexistence. As recently proposed, the SMSE framework supports cognition-based, software defined radio (SDR) applications and is well-suited for coexistence analysis. For initial proof-of-concept, two SMSE waveform parameters (number of carriers and carrier bandwidth) are optimized in a coexistent scenario to characterize SMSE impact on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) bit error performance. Given optimization via GA techniques have been successfully applied in many engineering fields, as well as operations research, they are viable candidates for robust SMSE waveform design. As demonstrated, the analytic SMSE framework is well-suited for parametric optimization via GA techniques. C1 [Beard, T. W.; Temple, M. A.; Mills, R. F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, J. O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beard, TW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu FU Sensors Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson AFB; OH FX The authors wish to thank the Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, for sponsoring this research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 265 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339423 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900056 ER PT B AU Rangaswamy, M Kay, S Xu, CC Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Kay, Steven Xu, Cuichun Lin, Freeman C. GP IEEE TI MODEL ORDER ESTIMATION FOR ADAPTIVE RADAR CLUTTER CANCELLATION SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE ID SIGNALS AB Adaptive waveform design for radar clutter cancellation requires knowledge of the rank of the clutter subspace. In this paper, we compare the computed clutter subspace rank, r, using three methods: (i) the exponentially embedded family (EEF) estimator, (ii) Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) estimator, and (iii) the statistical ranking and selection method (CWA). C1 [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kay, Steven; Xu, Cuichun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lin, Freeman C.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 339 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339439 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900072 ER PT B AU Yang, C Blasch, E AF Yang, Chun Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Track fusion with road constraints SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE track fusion; road map; state constraints; Lagrangian multiplier; iterative solution AB This paper is concerned with tracking of ground targets on roads and investigates possible ways to improve target state estimation via fusing a target's track with information about a road along which the target is believed to be traveling. A target track is estimated by a surveillance radar whereas a digital map provides the road network of a region under surveillance. When the information about roads is as accurate as (or even better than) radar measurements, it is desired naturally to incorporate such information (fusion) into target state estimation. In this paper, roads are modeled with analytic functions and its fusion with a target track is cast as linear or nonlinear state constraints in an optimization procedure. The constrained optimization is then solved with the Lagrangian multiplier, leading to a closed-form solution for linear constraints and an iterative solution for nonlinear constraints. Geometric interpretations of the solutions are provided for simple cases. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the algorithms. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Blasch, Erik] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200001 ER PT B AU Yang, C Garber, W Mitchell, R Blasch, E AF Yang, Chun Garber, Wendy Mitchell, Richard Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A simple maneuver indicator from target's range-Doppler image SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE maneuver estimation; range-Doppler imaging; image slope; turn radius; turn rate AB Tracking maneuvering targets presents a great challenge to airborne surveillance radar signal processing and sensor systems management systems. Smears caused by an uncompensated maneuver (either translational or rotational) affect target identification (ID) with distorted target images. An unexpected maneuver introduces large position estimation errors to a tracker and in the worst case loss of track. On the other hand, a sensor manager relies upon an expected performance of a tracker to schedule its resources so as to maintain target ID/tracker performance. To aid a sensor management cost function, we present a simple target maneuver indicator (TMI) specifically for the operational condition of target maneuverability. It relates the slope of a target's range-Doppler image to the underlying turn rateif the target undergoes a maneuver. As an intermediate product of the range profile formation process, this approach provides an easy and quick indication of target maneuverability and, under favorable conditions, an estimate of such a maneuver (e.g., the turn rate), which can be incorporated into the tracking algorithm of the tracker. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Garber, Wendy; Mitchell, Richard] ATK Mission Res, Dayton 45430, OH USA. [Blasch, Erik] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com; wendy.garber@atk.com; richard.mitchell@atk.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 9 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200002 ER PT B AU Bai, L Biswas, S Blasch, EP AF Bai, Li Biswas, Saroj Blasch, Erik P. GP IEEE TI An estimation approach to extract multimedia information in distributed steganographic images SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE distributed image steganography; steganalysis; estimation; image quality matrix AB Distributed image steganography (DIS) [8] is a new method of concealing secret information in several host images, leaving smaller traces than conventional steganographic techniques, and requiring a collection of affected images for secret information retrieval. Fusion system designs of the future will require enhanced security measures for distributed data communication. DIS, compared to other conventional steganographic techniques, can improve security and information hiding capacity because DIS leaves reduced signatures of hidden information in host images. The open literature does not offer effective detection methods and countermeasures for DIS, indicating that it can be potentially usable to criminals for unchallenged covert communication over the Internet and fusion architectures. In this paper, we explore a new information extraction method for both detecting and reversing DIS method by considering images as pseudo-random processes. The key idea is to estimate secret image as a random process, which is corrupted by a noise source (i.e. host image). The secret images may be nonlinear, non-Gaussian and non-stationary in nature, and can be disclosed by using some estimation techniques such as Kalman filtering. Our proposed method demonstrates great promise to reveal a secret image. Consequently, it is useful for intelligence gathering and information extraction in steganographic images produced by DIS. C1 [Bai, Li; Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM lbai@temple.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200013 ER PT B AU Bai, L Biswas, S Blasch, EP AF Bai, Li Biswas, Saroj Blasch, Erik P. GP IEEE TI Survivability - An information fusion process metric from an operational perspective SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE survivability; reliability; fusion; situation awareness; situation assessment ID CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS; COMMAND AB This paper presents a new probabilistic approach to determine survivability of reconfigurable systems as a system-level performance metric in an operational environment. In contrast to known methods of estimating survivability in terms of susceptibility and vulnerability, the proposed method (1) includes directional threats on various subsystems into the analysis and (2) provides a framework for operational information fusion processes to better sustain unpredictable or hostile environmental disturbances. In this paper, we distinguish the survivability and reliability metrics, where we demonstrate the importance of survivability metric in a dynamic information fusion process for an operational environment We present our main result using a piping system of fluid flow; however, the concept easily extends to other flow systems, such as power networks, computer communication networks, and military reconfigurable information systems, etc. Survivability of these large scale reconfigurable networks depend on their capability of assessing directional threats, situation awareness, and their ability to dynamically adapt to new configurations. The proposed survivability method embedded in an information fusion environment can be used for real time dynamic reconfiguration of large scale systems, optimization and routing of data and information, and detect and mitigate hardware and software threats. C1 [Bai, Li; Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, ECE Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, ECE Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM lbai@temple.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 101 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200015 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Kadar, I Hintz, K Biermann, J Chong, C Salerno, J Das, S AF Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan Hintz, Ken Biermann, J. Chong, Chee Salerno, John Das, Subrata GP IEEE TI Resource management and its interaction with level 2/3 fusion SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE fusion; situational/impact assessment; resource/sensor management; user refinement AB Sensor Resource Management (or process refinement) is a element of any information fusion system Common Level 4 sensor management (SM) inter-relations to Level I target tracking and identification have been developed in the literature. During Fusion06, a panel discussion was held to explore the challenges and issues pertaining to the interaction between SM and situation and threat assessment. This paper summarizes the key tenants of the discussion to filter vast experiences of the invited panel experts. The common themes were: (1) Addressing the user in system management/control, (2) Determining a standard set of metrics for optimization, (3) Optimizing/evaluating fusion systems to deliver timely information needs, (4) Dynamic updating for planning mission time-horizons, (5) Joint optimization of objective functions at all levels (6) L2/3 situation entity definitions for knowledge discovery, modeling, and information projection (7) Addressing constraints for resource planning and scheduling. C1 [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hintz, Ken] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. [Biermann, J.] FGAN FKIE, Wachtberg, DE 53343 USA. [Chong, Chee] BAE Syst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salerno, John] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Das, Subrata] Charles River Analyt Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; ikadar@SystemsSciences.com; khintz@gmu.edu; j.biermann@fgan.de; chee.chong@baesystems.com; john.salerno@rl.af.mil; sdas@cra.com NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 354 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200050 ER PT B AU Oxley, ME Thorsen, SN Schubert, CM AF Oxley, Mark E. Thorsen, Steven N. Schubert, Christine M. GP IEEE TI A Boolean algebra of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE fusion rules; boolean algebra; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves; fusor; information fusion; optimization AB A reasonable starting place for developing decision fusion rules of families of classification systems is using the logical AND and OR rules. These two rules, along with the unary rule NOT, can lead to a Boolean algebra when a number of properties are shown to exist. This paper examines how these rules for classification system families comprise a Boolean algebra of systems. This Boolean algebra of families is then shown under assumptions of independence to be isomorphic to a Boolean Algebra of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. These decision fusion rules produce ROC curves which become the bounds by which to test non-boolean, possibly non-decision fusion rules for performance increases. We give an example to demonstrate the usefulness of this Boolean Algebra of ROC curves. C1 [Oxley, Mark E.; Thorsen, Steven N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schubert, Christine M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM moxley@afit.edu; sthorsen@afit.edu; cmschubert@vcu.edu FU Air Force Research laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Automatic Target Recognition Branch (AFRL/SNAT) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics Directorate (AFOSR/MN); Air Combat Command (ACC/DRCA) at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia FX We acknowledge the financial support for this research from the Air Force Research laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Automatic Target Recognition Branch (AFRL/SNAT) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio; the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics Directorate (AFOSR/MN); and the Air Combat Command (ACC/DRCA) at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1391 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200189 ER PT B AU Salerno, JJ AF Salerno, John J. GP IEEE TI Wheire's level 2/3 fusion - a look back over the past 10 years SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE data fusion; JDL; Endsley; situation awareness; situation assessment; impact assessment; threat assessment; projection; anticipation AB Since its conception the JDL model has provided the Fusion community with a way to describe and understand various activities in the Data Fusion community. As the community continues to make great strides and advancements, primarily in the Level 213 arena, a greater understanding is coming about. AN a result it is time to revisit the model and to incorporate these lessons learned. In this paper we look back at past accomplishments as a basis to discuss where we might further advance in the next decade toward higher levels of fusion. In doing so we propose refinements to the existing definitions and model of the various levels (as defined by the Joint Director of Laboratories, JDL) and based on these definitions, discuss how each of these levels interact. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Salerno, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site,525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1804 EP 1807 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200245 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Moses, R Castanon, D Willsky, A Hero, A AF Blasch, Erik Moses, Randy Castanon, Dave Willsky, Alan Hero, Al GP IEEE TI Integrated fusion, performance prediction, and sensor management for automatic target exploitation AFOSR MURI SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 [Blasch, Erik; Moses, Randy; Castanon, Dave; Willsky, Alan; Hero, Al] USAF, Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1850 EP 1850 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200264 ER PT S AU Winterbottom, MD Geri, GA Eidman, C Pierce, B AF Winterbottom, Marc D. Geri, George A. Eidman, Craig Pierce, Byron GP SID TI Perceptual tests of the temporal response of a shuttered LCoS projector SO 2007 SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL XXXVIII, BOOKS I AND II SE SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Society-for-Information-Display (SID 2007) CY MAY 20-25, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP Soc Informat Display AB Perceptual motion blur was studied using imagery presented oil an LCoS projector equipped with a mechanical shutter to reduce pixel hold-time. Perceptual measures of image blur were obtained with a simple test stimulus, as well as imagery similar to that used in Air Force flight simulation and training. Measured pixel hold-time was found to accurately predict perceived blur. C1 [Winterbottom, Marc D.; Eidman, Craig; Pierce, Byron] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Winterbottom, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI PLAYA DEL REY PA 8055 W MANCHESTER AVE SUITE 615, PLAYA DEL REY, CA 90293 USA SN 0097-966X J9 SID INT SYMP DIG TEC PY 2007 VL 38 BP 334 EP 337 DI 10.1889/1.2785299 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIF19 UT WOS:000259075300088 ER PT B AU MacGillivray, JT AF MacGillivray, Jeff T. GP IEEE TI Trillion cell CAD based Cartesian mesh generation for the finite difference time domain method on a 4 gigabyte linux workstation SO 2007 WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS IN TIME-DOMAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain CY OCT 15-17, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IEEE DE FDTD methods; finite difference methods; mesh generation AB A robust, CAD based, highly accurate and fast Cartesian mesh generation technique for a colossal number of cells capacity using a minimal single processor computing resource is presented. The cells are generated in Yee format for the Finite Difference Time Domain method. There are three key techniques presented that achieve this capability: a memory efficient ray tracing method, a highly accurate ray-facet intersection test, and a novel exact arithmetic tie-breaking algorithm for rays intersecting facet edges and vertices. C1 [MacGillivray, Jeff T.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP MacGillivray, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1169-6 PY 2007 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHG93 UT WOS:000253089600012 ER PT B AU Sankaranarayanan, V Upadhyaya, S Kwiat, K AF Sankaranarayanan, Vidyaraman Upadhyaya, Shambhu Kwiat, Kevin TI QoS-LI: QoS loss inference in disadvantaged networks SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOPS/SYMPOSIA, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Advanced Networking and Applications CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Nokia ID ROUTING ALGORITHM AB Quality of Service (QoS) of disadvantaged networks is considered from a purely network standpoint in existing works. Adversarial intervention in such networks is not analyzed, nor is it possible to infer if a QoS loss is benign or otherwise. In this paper, we present a QoS loss inference module, where the end nodes can infer the nature of a QoS loss in a non-intrusive manner. The objective of this work is to develop a conceptual framework to model the inference module, and investigate its integration into existing platforms. We abstract the problem of link selection (as opposed to route selection) in disadvantaged networks as a resource selection problem, and apply a game theoretic model to set limits on the rate of convergence. Using this convergence rate, our loss inference model can distinguish between adversarial network manipulation and benign network loss. Such a module will help manage the operation of disadvantaged networks in a more effective manner in critical networks. C1 [Sankaranarayanan, Vidyaraman; Upadhyaya, Shambhu] Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Sankaranarayanan, V (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228 USA. EM vs28@cse.buffalo.edu; shambhu@cse.buffalo.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [200821J] FX Research supported in part by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Grant No. 200821J. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2847-2 PY 2007 BP 524 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGH67 UT WOS:000247030100084 ER PT S AU Zhang, XY Dong, YG Zhuang, XC AF Zhang Xiaoyan Dong Yuguo Zhuang Xuchun BE Hou, X Zhao, W Yao, B TI Automatic moving object segmentation in video sequence - art. no. 627954 SO 27th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, Prts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Xi an Inst Opt & Precis Mech, State Key Lab Transient Opt & Photon, Shaanxi Assoc Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci DE moving object; hypothesis testing; morphological filter; active contour; new three-step search ID TRACKING AB novel algorithm for automatic segmentation of moving objects from video sequences is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a fourth-orders statistic hypothesis testing in inter-frame difference is used to automatically separate the moving areas from the background in a general video sequence. Then the morphological filter is used to remove the noises and holes. Secondly, for three consecutive frames, superposition of the moving areas of first and second frame and that of second and third frame highlights the moving object areas of the second frame, the covered/uncovered background may be eliminated using such idea. Thirdly, the initial contour of the moving objects is determined by extracting the contour of the moving object areas and an improved active contour which uses the gradient vector as the external force guides the initial contour moving to the accurate moving object contour. Lastly, the motion compensation which uses the new three-step search algorithm is made to the moving object contour to obtain the initial contour of the next frame and the improved active contour is used again to correct the moving object contour of the next frame. Thus, following frames segmentation can be realized. Experiment testifies that the proposed algorithm is of few parameters, robust to noise and best in result of segmentation. C1 USAF, Engn Univ, Telecommun Engn Inst, Xian 710077, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), USAF, Engn Univ, Telecommun Engn Inst, Xian 710077, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6349-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6279 BP 27954 EP 27954 AR 627954 DI 10.1117/12.725588 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFV94 UT WOS:000245033602005 ER PT B AU Zhu, Z Wolberg, G Layne, JR AF Zhu, Z. Wolberg, G. Layne, J. R. BE Koschan, A Pollefeys, M Abidi, M TI Dynamic pushbroom stereo vision - Dynamic pushbroom stereo vision for surveillance and inspection SO 3D IMAGING FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY SE Computational Imaging and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced 3D Imaging for Safety and Security held in Conjunction with the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE video mosaicing; motion analysis; stereo vision; 3D reconstruction; moving target extraction; pushbroorn stereo ID REPRESENTATION; VIDEO AB We present a dynamic pushbroorn stereo geometry model for both 3D reconstruction and moving target extraction in applications such as aerial surveillance and cargo inspection. In a dynamic pushbroom camera model, a "line scan camera" scans across the scene. Both the scanning sensor and the objects in the scene are moving, and thus the image generated is a "moving picture" with one axis being space and the other being time. We study the geometry under a linear motion model for both the sensor and the object, and we investigate the advantages of using two such scanning systems to construct a dynamic pushbroom stereo vision system for 3D reconstruction and moving target extraction. Two real examples are given using the proposed models. In, the first application, a fast and practical calibration procedure and an interactive 3D estimation method are provided for 3D cargo inspection with dual gamma-ray (or X-ray) scanning systems. In the second application, dynamic pushbroom stereo mosaics are generated by using a single camera mounted on an airplane, and a unified segmentation-based stereo matching algorithm is proposed to extract both 3D structures and moving targets from urban scenes. Experimental results are given. C1 [Zhu, Z.; Wolberg, G.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Layne, J. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. FU ir Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under the RASER Program [FA8650-05-1-1853]; PSC-CUNY Research Award Program; AFRL Human Effectiveness Program [F33615-03-1-63-83]; NSF CRI Program [CNS-0551598]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-05-1-0011]; CUNY Graduate Research Technology Initiative (GRTI) program FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under the RASER Program (Award No. FA8650-05-1-1853) and the PSC-CUNY Research Award Program. It is also partially supported by an AFRL Human Effectiveness Program (Award No. F33615-03-1-63-83), by the NSF CRI Program under Grant No. CNS-0551598, by Army Research Office (ARO) under Award No. W911NF-05-1-0011, by the CUNY Graduate Research Technology Initiative (GRTI) program and PSC-CUNY. Thanks are also given to Hao Tang, Bing Shen, Li Zhao and Jiaye Lei for implementing the algorithms of the two applications, and to Robert Hill for proofreading the manuscript, all at the City College of New York. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. However, the views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements,either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6181-3 J9 COMPUT IMAGING VIS PY 2007 VL 35 BP 173 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGT80 UT WOS:000250475200008 ER PT S AU Yeom, S Javidi, B Watson, E AF Yeom, Seokwon Javidi, Bahram Watson, Edward BE Benediktsson, JA Javidi, B Gudmundsson, KS TI Three-dimensional object classification with photon counting linear discriminant analysis SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION OPTICS (WIO '07) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Information Optics CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Reykjavik, ICELAND SP Univ Iceland, IEEE Iceland Sect, Landsbankl, Univ Iceland, Fac Engn, SPIE, IEEE LEOS DE automatic target recognition; pattern recognition and feature extraction; rotation-invariant pattern recognition; three-dimensional image processing; photon counting; integral imaging; passive sensing ID AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; PHOTODIODES AB In this paper, we address three-dimensional (3D) distortion-tolerant object classification using photon-counting integral imaging (II) and photon counting linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Photon counting LDA is proposed for classification of photon-limited images. A compact recognition system for multiple-perspective imaging is based on II. Experimental and simulation results have shown that a low level of photons is sufficient to classify out-of-plane rotated objects. C1 [Yeom, Seokwon] Daegu Univ, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Gyongsan 712714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Javidi, Bahram] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Watson, Edward] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yeom, S (reprint author), Daegu Univ, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Gyongsan 712714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0463-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 949 BP 83 EP + PG 3 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGY91 UT WOS:000251413100011 ER PT J AU Wang, J Yin, LJ Moore, J AF Wang, Jun Yin, Lijun Moore, Jason TI Using geometric properties of topographic manifold to detect and track eyes for human-computer interaction SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; eye detection; eye tracking; topographic manifold; Bhattacharyya affinity; mutual information ID PRIMAL SKETCH; RECOGNITION AB Automatic eye detection and tracking is an important component for advanced human-computer interface design. Accurate eye localization can help develop a successful system for face recognition and emotion identification. In this article, we propose a novel approach to detect and track eyes using geometric surface features on topographic manifold of eye images. First, in the joint spatial-intensity domain, a facial image is treated as a 3D terrain surface or image topographic manifold. In particular, eye regions exhibit certain intrinsic geometric traits on this topographic manifold, namely, the pit-labeled center and hillside-like surround regions. Applying a terrain classification procedure on the topographic manifold of facial images, each location of the manifold can be labeled to generate a terrain map. We use the distribution of terrain labels to represent the eye terrain pattern. The Bhattacharyya affinity is employed to measure the distribution similarity between two topographic manifolds. Based on the Bhattacharyya kernel, a support vector machine is applied for selecting proper eye pairs from the pit-labeled candidates. Second, given detected eyes on the first frame of a video sequence, a mutual-information-based fitting function is defined to describe the similarity between two terrain surfaces of neighboring frames. By optimizing the fitting function, eye locations are updated for subsequent frames. The distinction of the proposed approach lies in that both eye detection and eye tracking are performed on the derived topographic manifold, rather than on an original-intensity image domain. The robustness of the approach is demonstrated under various imaging conditions and with different facial appearances, using both static images and video sequences without background constraints. C1 [Wang, Jun] Columbia Univ, Dept Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yin, Lijun] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Moore, Jason] AF Res Lab, Informat Syst Res Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jw2494@columbia.edu; lijun@cs.binghamton.edu; Jason.Moore@rl.af.mil NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1551-6857 EI 1551-6865 J9 ACM T MULTIM COMPUT JI ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 AR 21 DI 10.1145/1314303.1314306 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 250QU UT WOS:000252315900003 ER PT S AU Hawks, M Perram, G AF Hawks, Michael Perram, Glen BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Passive ranging of boost-phase missiles - art. no. 65690G SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE passive ranging; atmospheric absorption; absorption spectra AB The depth of absorption bands in observed spectra of distant, bright sources can be used to estimate range to the source. Previous efforts in this area relied on Beer's Law to estimate range from observations of infrared CO2 bands, with disappointing results. A modified approach is presented that uses band models and observations of the O-2 absorption band near 762 rim. This band is spectrally isolated from other atmospheric bands, which enables direct estimation of molecular absorption from observed intensity. Range is estimated by comparing observed values of band-average absorption, A, against predicted curves derived from either historical data or model predictions. Accuracy of better than 0.5% has been verified in short-range (up to 3km) experiments using a Fourier transform interferometer at 1cm(-1) resolution. A conceptual design is described for a small, affordable passive ranging sensor suitable for use on tactical aircraft for missile attack warning and time-to-impact estimation. Models are used to extrapolate experimental results (using 1 cm(-1) resolution data) to analyze expected performance of this filter-based system. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hawks, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP G5690 EP G5690 AR 65690G DI 10.1117/12.719761 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400013 ER PT S AU Riker, JF AF Riker, Jim F. BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Results from precision tracking tests against distant objects - art. no. 65690H SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tracking; jitter; Directed Energy; satellites; imaging; boresight AB In order to assess an object in space, in the air, or on the ground, it is first necessary to acquire and track it. In this paper, we will discuss distant object tracking, both passively and actively, and show some recent results from the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing (AMOS) site and also from the Starfire Optical Range (SOR). In the past ten years, we have moved well beyond passive tracking on objects, to obtain the first-ever high-bandwidth closed loop tracks on skin satellites. But even passive tracking has developed further, with the advent of new sensor technology and also new beam control stabilization techniques. We will review some of our results here. In addition, a colleague and I have developed some new techniques to unambiguously estimate the active tracking jitter and boresight errors solely from the signal returned by the object being illuminated. We will review some of those results as well, and point the reader toward a more thorough published paper on that topic. C1 USAF, Res Lab Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Riker, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP H5690 EP H5690 AR 65690H DI 10.1117/12.723596 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400014 ER PT S AU Secrest, BR Vasquez, JR Fulton, TF Summers-Stay, DA AF Secrest, Barry R. Vasquez, Juan R. Fulton, Thomas F. Summers-Stay, Douglas A. BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI A real-time open-source video tracking system - art. no. 65690K SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Kalman filter; video tracking; Open-Source Software Development; parallax; On-The-Fly Modeling AB Video tracking is used in military operations and homeland defense. Multiple cameras are mounted on an airplane that flies in a circle and points to a central location. The images are pre-registered and a single large image is sent to a ground station at the rate of a frame per second. The first step needed for tracking is measurements. The video undergoes additional registration and processing to produce multi-frame motion detections. These measurements are passed to the tracking algorithm. Tracking through an urban environment has its own unique challenges. Targets frequently cross paths, go behind one another, and go behind buildings or into shadowed areas. Additional challenges include Move-Stop-Move, parallax, and track association with highly similar targets. These challenges need to be overcome with up to a thousand vehicles, so processing speed is crucial. The project is Open-Source to aid in overcoming these technical challenges. Alternative trackers (IMM, MHT), features, association methods, track-initiation and deletion (M/N or LU), state variables, or other specialized routines (for Move-Stop-Move, parallax, etc.) will be tried and analyzed with representative data. By keeping it Open-Source, any ideas to improve the system can be easily implemented and analyzed. This paper presents current findings and state of the project. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Secrest, BR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP K5690 EP K5690 AR 65690K DI 10.1117/12.719496 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400017 ER PT S AU Friel, J Spanbauer, B Merritt, P AF Friel, Joseph Spanbauer, Brian Merritt, Paul BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Vibration evaluation of a precision inertial reference unit - art. no. 65690U SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE inertial reference units; vibration testing; correlated effects AB Inertial Reference Units (IRUs) are the basic reference for a precision pointing system. These units must provide an inertially stable light source to be used as the reference to align the outgoing laser beam and to reject beam train jitter due to vibrations. The IRU will be subjected to 6 degrees of freedom motion during operation. The correct operation of an IRU requires it to measure the angular motion and not be affected by the linear input vibration. Testing of these units is difficult, since the vibration input motion may be perfectly correlated between the angular inputs and the linear inputs. This correlation makes it impossible to separate the angular and linear IRU responses during a test, even with perfect measurements of the input vibrations. The solution to this problem is to obtain a vibration test station that can provide linear motion without any angular motion, and angular motion without linear motion. This paper will describe the evaluation of the test tables and show test data from an IRU that indicates how these tests can be beneficial in identifying performance problems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Friel, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP U5690 EP U5690 AR 65690U DI 10.1117/12.722043 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400025 ER PT J AU Cawkwell, MJ Woodward, C Nguyen-Manh, D Pettifor, DG Vitek, V AF Cawkwell, M. J. Woodward, C. Nguyen-Manh, D. Pettifor, D. G. Vitek, V. TI Atomistic study of athermal cross-slip and its impact on the mechanical properties of iridium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE platinum group; dislocation theory; fracture; plastic deformation; modelling ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; POLYCRYSTALLINE IRIDIUM; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; CORE STRUCTURE; SIMULATION AB The mechanical behaviour of the face-centred cubic metal iridium is exceptional in that it undergoes brittle transgranular or intergranular fracture after extensive plastic deformation. We present a model for the origin of this behaviour that is based on the features of the cores of screw dislocations specific to this transition metal. Atomistic simulations performed using a bond-order potential find a planar core structure that corresponds to dissociation into Shockley partials and a metastable, non-planar core spread into two {111} planes. Stress-induced transformations between the two core configurations were studied and form the basis for a mechanism for cross-slip that requires neither thermal activation nor full constriction of the partials. The associated high rate of cross-slip leads to extremely intense forest hardening and a dislocation density that increases precipitously with plastic strain to the extent that brittle cleavage is a natural consequence. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Cawkwell, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T-14,MS B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cawkwell@lanl.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.033 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700014 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Kushch, VI Roy, A AF Buryachenko, V. A. Kushch, V. I. Roy, A. TI Effective thermoelastic properties of random structure composites reinforced by the clusters of deterministic structure (application to clay nanocomposites) SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; SPHEROIDAL INCLUSIONS; ELASTIC EQUILIBRIUM; FINITE NUMBER; MODULI; PREDICTION; INTERFACE; FORMULAS; BEHAVIOR AB Polymer/clay nanocomposites consisting of an epoxy matrix reinforced by silicate clay plates have been observed to exhibit enhanced mechanical properties at low volume fraction of clay. The matrix and embedded nanoelements are modeled in the framework of continuum mechanics with known mechanical properties previously evaluated by, e.g., molecular dynamic simulation. Nanoclay composite is modeled by the aligned, uniformly distributed in the matrix stacks of parallel clay sheets separated from one another by interlayer matrix galleries of nanometer scale. Interaction of a finite number of oblate spheroidal inclusions modeling an individual stack inside the infinite matrix is carried by the multipole expansion technique. The obtained accurate numerical solution was incorporated into the multiparticle effective field method [5] for the estimation of effective thermoelastic properties. Detailed parametric analyses demonstrate the influence on the effective elastic moduli and stress concentrator factors of such key factors as the shape of nanoelements, interlayer distance, and the number of nanoelements in the stacks of deterministic structure. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Superhard Mat, UA-04074 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Valeriy.Buryach@aol.com NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2007 VL 192 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s00707-006-0421-9 PG 33 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 200YX UT WOS:000248799800009 ER PT S AU Williams, AD Domme, DJ Ardelean, EV Henderson, BK AF Williams, Andrew D. Domme, Daniel J. Ardelean, Emil V. Henderson, B. Kyle BE Matsuzaki, Y Ahmadian, M Leo, DJ TI Hybrid Acoustically Layred Foam (HALF) foam for improved low frequency acoustic mitigation for launch fairings - art. no. 652501 SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE acoustic mitigation; acoustic foam; launch fairing; launch environment; HALF Foam; bending waves ID SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS; LONGITUDINAL-WAVE; LAYER AB Launch vehicles produce high levels of acoustic energy and vibration loads that can severely damage satellites during launch. Because of these high loads, the satellite structure is much more robust than it needs to be for on-orbit operations. Traditionally, acoustic foam is used for acoustic mitigation; however, it is ineffective at frequencies below 500 Hz. For this reason we investigated three different modified acoustic foam concepts consisting of a thin metal foil, a semi-rigid spacer, and a melamine foam substrate to improve the low frequency acoustic performance of the melamine foam. The goal of the Hybrid Acoustically Layered Foil (HALF) Foam concept was to excite bending waves within the plane of the foil to cause inter-particle interactions thus increasing the transmission loss of the foam. To determine the performance of the system, a transmission loss tube was constructed, and the normal incidence transmission loss for each sample was measured. The tests confirm the excitation of bending waves at the target frequency of 500 Hz and a significant increase, on the order of 8 dB, in the transmission loss. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, AD (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6646-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6525 BP 52501 EP 52501 AR 652501 DI 10.1117/12.715744 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BGK75 UT WOS:000248047400014 ER PT S AU Williams, AD Diaz-Aguado, M Arritt, BJ AF Williams, Andrew D. Diaz-Aguado, Millan Arritt, Brandon J. BE Matsuzaki, Y Ahmadian, M Leo, DJ TI Symbiotic structures to significantly enhance space missions - art. no. 65250H SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE symbiotic structure; responsive space; isogrid; fluid loop; satellite; thermal management AB The Department of Defense is actively pursuing a Responsive Space capability that will dramatically reduce the cost and time associated with getting a payload into space. In order to enable that capability, our space systems must be modular and flexible to cover a wide range of missions, configurations, duty cycles, and orbits. This places requirements on the entire satellite infrastructure: payloads, avionics, electrical harnessing, structure, thermal management system, etc. The Integrated Structural Systems Team at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, has been tasked with developing structural and thermal solutions that will enable a Responsive Space capability. This paper details a "symbiotic" solution where thermal management functionality is embedded within the structure of the satellite. This approach is based on the flight proven and structurally efficient isogrid architecture. In our rendition, the ribs serve as fluidic passages for thermal management, and passively activated valves are used to control flow to the individual components. As the paper will explain, our analysis has shown this design to be structurally efficient and thermally responsive to a wide range of potential satellite missions, payloads, configurations, and orbits. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, AD (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6646-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6525 BP H5250 EP H5250 AR 65250H DI 10.1117/12.715739 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BGK75 UT WOS:000248047400013 ER PT S AU Chen, PP Wong, L Delcambre, L Akoka, J Solvberg, A Liuzzi, R AF Chen, Peter P. Wong, Leah Delcambre, Lois Akoka, Jacky Solvberg, Arne Liuzzi, Raymond BE Chen, PP Wong, LY TI Research issues in active conceptual modeling of learning: Summary of panel discussions in two workshops (May 2006) and (November 2006) SO ACTIVE CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF LEARNING: NEXT GENERATION LEARNING-BASE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Active Conceptual Modeling-Learning Workshop CY NOV 08, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The SPAWAR Systems Center (SSC San Diego) of the U.S. Navy hosted two workshops on Active Conceptual Modeling of Learning (ACM-L). The first workshop was held at SSC San Diego on May 10-12, 2006 to introduce the Science &Technology (S&T) Initiative and identify a Research and Development agenda for the technology development investigation. Eleven invited researchers in Conceptual Modeling presented position papers on the proposed S&T Initiative. The second workshop was held on November 8, 2006 at the 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2006, 6-9 November 2006, in Tucson, Arizona. Complementary to the May Workshop, the November workshop was a forum for the international researchers and practitioners to present their papers as a result of a call for papers and to exchange ideas from various perspectives of the subject. This paper describes research issues identified by participants from the two ACM-L workshops. C1 [Chen, Peter P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wong, Leah] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Delcambre, Lois] Portland State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Akoka, Jacky] Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, INT, F-75003 Paris, France. [Solvberg, Arne] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Comp & Informat Sci IDI, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Liuzzi, Raymond] US Air Force, Res Lab, Raymond Technol, Whitesboro, NY 13492 USA. RP Chen, PP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM pchen@lsu.edu; leah.wong@navy.mil; imd@cs.pdx.edu; aso1vber@idi.ntnu.no; akoka@cnam.fr; raymondtechnologies@msn.com FU National Science Foundation [NSF-IIS-0326387, NSF-IIS-0534762.]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-05-1-0454] FX The research of this author was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant: NSF-IIS-0326387 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant: FA9550-05-1-0454.; The research of this author was partially supported by National Science Founation grant: NSF-IIS-0534762. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77502-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4512 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHG34 UT WOS:000252924800017 ER PT S AU Siegel, S Cohen, K Seidel, J McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, Stefan Cohen, Kelly Seidel, Jurgen McLaughlin, Thomas BE King, R TI State estimation of transient flow fields using Double Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (DPOD) SO ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Flow Control CY SEP 27-29, 2006 CL Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY HO Tech Univ Berlin AB For successful feedback flow control, an accurate estimation of the flow state is necessary. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) has been used to achieve this. However, if the POD modes are derived from a set of snapshots obtained from one flow condition only, the resulting modes will become less and less valid for a flow field that is for example altered by the effect of feedback flow control. In the past, a shift mode has been added to account for the change in the mean flow. Here, we present a new scheme that allows for the derivation of shift modes for all of the original POD modes. This DPOD mode set thus may span a range of flow conditions that are different in forcing, Reynolds number or other parameters affecting the modes. Artificial Neural Network Estimation (ANNE) allows for real time monitoring of the time coefficients associated with these DPOD modes. C1 [Siegel, Stefan; Cohen, Kelly; Seidel, Jurgen; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP Siegel, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; LtCol Sharon Heise FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,LtCol Sharon Heise, Program Manager. We would also like to thank Dr.Jim Forsythe of Cobalt Solutions, LLC for their support. The authors appreciate the fruitful discussions with Dr. Young Sug-Shin on system identification using Artificial Neural Networks and for his very helpful insight. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-2909 BN 978-3-540-71438-5 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2007 VL 95 BP 105 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGI29 UT WOS:000247305900007 ER PT S AU Samimy, M Debiasi, M Caraballo, E Serrani, A Yuan, X Little, J Myatt, JH AF Samimy, M. Debiasi, M. Caraballo, E. Serrani, A. Yuan, X. Little, J. Myatt, J. H. BE King, R TI Reduced-order model-based feedback control of subsonic cavity flows - An experimental approach SO ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Flow Control CY SEP 27-29, 2006 CL Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY HO Tech Univ Berlin ID RESONANCE AB The results of an ongoing research activity in the development and implementation of reduced-order model-based feedback control of subsonic cavity flows are presented and discussed. Particle image velocimetry data and the proper orthogonal decomposition technique are used to extract the most energetic flow features or POD eigenmodes. The Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations onto these modes is used to derive a set of ordinary nonlinear differential equations, which govern the time evolution of the modes, for the controller design. Stochastic estimation is used to correlate surface pressure data with flow field data and dynamic surface pressure measurements are used for real-time state estimation of the flow model. Three sets of PIV snapshots of a Mach 0.3 cavity flow were used to derive three reduced-order models for controller design: (1) snapshots from the baseline (no control) flow, (2) snapshots from an open-loop forced flow, and (3) combined snapshots from the cases 1 and 2. Linear-quadratic optimal controllers based on all three models were designed and tested experimentally. Real-time implementation shows a remarkable attenuation of the resonant tone and a redistribution of the energy into various modes with much lower energy levels. C1 [Samimy, M.] Ohio State Univ, Collaborat Ctr Control Sci, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Samimy, M.; Debiasi, M.; Caraballo, E.; Little, J.] Gas Dynam & Turbulence Lab, Dept Engn Mech, Columbus, OH USA. [Serrani, A.; Yuan, X.] Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. [Myatt, J. H.] AF Res Lab, Air Vehicle Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Samimy, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Collaborat Ctr Control Sci, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. RI Little, Jesse/J-7808-2012 FU AFRL/VA; AFOSR through the Collaborative Center of Control Science FX This work is supported by the AFRL/VA and AFOSR through the Collaborative Center of Control Science.The authors would like to thank Hitay ozbay,Chris Camphouse, David Williams, Bernd Noack, Lou Cattafesta, Kelly Cohen, and Stefan Siegel for help and fruitful discussions. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-2909 BN 978-3-540-71438-5 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2007 VL 95 BP 211 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGI29 UT WOS:000247305900013 ER PT S AU Sanchez, DJ AF Sanchez, Darryl J. BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Stabilization of the sodium beacon - A proposal to achieve full-sky coverage for laser guidestar adaptive optics - art. no. 671109 SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; laser guidestar; stabilization of the sodium beacon AB This document proposes a method to achieve full-sky adaptive optic coverage using a laser guidestar (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) system. This is done by stabilizing the sodium beacon by using information from the uplink beam so that the downlink tilt, i.e. the atmospheric tilt, can be measured. It is commonly known that tilt cannot be measured from a laser guidestar beacon because the uplink and downlink beams experience the same atmospheric tilt. This is true in itself, but disregards information that can be obtained from the uplink beam. Because the atmospheric structure function is a maximum near the exit aperture and decreases exponentially with altitude, the uplink beam accumulates most of its tilt near the exit aperture. For instance., when using the Hufnagel-Valley atmospheric model with A = 1.7 x 10(-14) and 147 = 21, greater than or similar to 92% of uplink atmospheric tilt occurs at altitudes below 5Km and 97% by similar to 20Km. So, the instantaneous position of the uplink beam along the uplink path can be a predictor of the instantaneous position of the sodium beacon; this is this paper's main result. Further, a means of measuring tilt from the uplink beam from its Rayleigh backscatter is presented and for some of the parameters and geometries considered, it is shown that the uplink tilt can be measured at sufficiently high altitudes and camera frames rates that a control system can stabilize the uplink beam, which in-turn stabilizes the sodium beacon, thus allowing atmospheric downlink tilt to be measured. Assuming that such a control loop can be implemented, such stabilization would allow for full sky laser guide star operation with AO performance similar to current LGS AO systems using off-axis natural guide stars. C1 [Sanchez, Darryl J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanchez, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP 71109 EP 71109 DI 10.1117/12.742175 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500008 ER PT S AU Venerna, TM Schmidt, JD AF Venerna, Todd M. Schmidt, Jason D. BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI An improved temporally phase shifted SRI design - art. no. 67110H SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wavefront sensing; self referencing interferometer; Kalman filter AB This paper uses a Kalman filter to estimate the optical wavefront from the interferograms produced by a temporally phase-shifted self referencing interferometer (SRI). Four methods of estimation are evaluated with varying noise strengths and frame rates. An extended Kalman filter is shown to outperform other estimation methods and expand the conditions under which a temporal SRI can be utilized. C1 [Venerna, Todd M.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Venerna, TM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP H7110 EP H7110 DI 10.1117/12.734771 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500015 ER PT S AU Beckner, CC Oesch, DW AF Beckner, Charles C., Jr. Oesch, Denis W. BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Implementation of a projection-on-constraints algorithm for beam intensity redistribution - art. no. 67110L SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE amplitude reshaping; Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm; scintillation; multi-conjugate adaptive-optics AB Multi-Conjugate Adaptive-Optical (MCAO) systems have been proposed as a means of compensating both intensity and phase aberrations in a beam propagating through strong-scintillation environments. Progress made on implementing a MCAO system at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR), Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, is discussed. In previous work, it was shown that the First-stage Intensity Redistribution Experiment (FIRE) controlled and compensated wavefront intensity for static cases. As a secondary step toward controlling a two deformable mirror (DM) system, the FIRE experimental layout is used to examine another aspect of an MCAO system faster control of wavefront intensity. The FIRE experimental layout employs two wavefront sensors (WFS) and a single DM. One WFS is placed conjugate to the DM while the second WFS is located at a distance which produces a desired Fresnel number for the propagation between the WFSs. A modified Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm that propagates between image planes is employed for determining DM commands. The forward and back propagation portion of each GS iteration are computed in software. Using the GS solution, a, control loop is closed on a WFS reconstructor in order to maintain beam shape in moving optical turbulence. The forward propagation phase pattern produced by the GS algorithm is tailored, via constraints, so that beam propagation along the path between the two WFSs produces a desired intensity profile and minimizes phase aberrations at the second WFS. In the next phase of MCAO development, a second DM will be added conjugate to the second WFS in order to correct the remaining phase aberrations. C1 [Beckner, Charles C., Jr.; Oesch, Denis W.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Beckner, CC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP L7110 EP L7110 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500019 ER PT S AU Schmidt, JD Goda, ME Duncan, BD AF Schmidt, Jason D. Goda, Matthew E. Duncan, Bradley D. BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Emulation of optical effects of atmospheric turbulence using two liquid-crystal spatial light modulators - art. no. 67110M SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE liquid crystal; spatial light modulator; atmospheric turbulence AB Phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) provide an excellent means of producing electrically controllable, dynamic, and repeatable aberrations. Emulating the aberrating effects of atmospheric turbulence is the application studied here. This paper implements a new method for designing a SLM-based turbulent path in the laboratory. The turbulent path was constructed with well-calibrated SLMs and was subsequently used to implement, ail appropriately scaled ground-to-air laser engagement. After propagation through the turbulent path, the irradiance and phase properties of the aberrated light were measured with an image sensor and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, respectively. The resulting wave structure functions and log-amplitude probability densities showed excellent agreement with theoretical expectations and the results of wave-optics simulations. C1 [Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP M7110 EP M7110 DI 10.1117/12.734411 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500020 ER PT S AU Vitek, L Schwertner, HA AF Vitek, Libor Schwertner, Harvey A. BE Makowski, GS TI The heme catabolic pathway and its protective effects on oxidative stress-mediated diseases SO ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 43 SE Advances in Clinical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID OXYGENASE-1 GENE PROMOTER; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM BILIRUBIN CONCENTRATIONS; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CARBON-MONOXIDE SUPPRESSES; HUMAN BILIVERDIN REDUCTASE; MUSCLE-CELL-PROLIFERATION; ALBUMIN-BOUND BILIRUBIN AB Bilirubin, the principal bile Pigment, is the end product of heme catabolism. For many years, bilirubin was thought to have no physiological function other than that of a waste product of heme catabolism-useless at best and toxic at worst. Although hyperbilirubinemia in neonates has been shown to be neurotoxic, studies performed during the past decade have found that bilirubin has a number of new and interesting biochemical and biological properties. In addition, there is now a strong body of evidence suggesting that bilirubin may have a beneficial role in preventing oxidative changes in a number of diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer, as well as a number of inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative diseases. The results also suggest that activation of the heme oxygenase and heme catabolic pathway may have beneficiary effects on disease prevention either through the action of bilirubin or in conjunction with bilirubin. If so, it may be possible to therapeutically induce heme oxygenase, increase bilirubin concentrations, and lower the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases. C1 Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Vitek, L (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151 NR 347 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2423 BN 0-12-373703-6 J9 ADV CLIN CHEM JI Advan. Clin. Chem. PY 2007 VL 43 BP 1 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0065-2423(06)43001-8 PG 57 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA BFO54 UT WOS:000243457200001 PM 17249379 ER PT S AU Plett, GL Zarzhitsky, D Pack, DJ AF Plett, Gregory L. Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Pack, Daniel J. BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R Grundel, D TI Out-of-order sigma-point Kalman filtering for target localization using cooperating unmanned aerial vehicles SO ADVANCES IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Gainesville, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon AB This chapter outlines our research efforts toward developing a cooperative target localization method based on multiple autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that axe outfitted with heterogeneous sensors. The current focus of the research includes (1) optimizing the UAV trajectories to place them at desired locations at desired times to capture target locations, (2) cooperative sensor scheduling, and (3) intelligent fusing of multiple sensor measurements to accurately estimate the position and velocity of a target. The focus of this paper is the sensor-fusion task. One might consider addressing this problem using some form of Kalman filter. However, a complicating factor in the present application is that sensor readings arrive out-of-sequence to the sensor-fusion process. For example, there is non-deterministic latency in the inter- and intra-UAV communication channels. We address this problem by developing an out-of-order sigma-point Kalman filter ((OSPKF)-S-3). C1 [Plett, Gregory L.; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Pack, Daniel J.] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Plett, GL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.; Plett, GL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Plett, Gregory/0000-0002-4868-7863 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-74354-5 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2007 VL 369 BP 21 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGY67 UT WOS:000251382400002 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R Grundel, D TI Multi-cumulant control for zero-sum differential games: Performance-measure statistics and state-feedback paradigm SO ADVANCES IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Gainesville, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon ID COST-CUMULANTS; PROTECTION; BENCHMARK AB This chapter presents an extension of cost-cumulant control theory over a finite horizon for a class of stochastic zero-sum differential games wherein the evolution of the states of the game in response to decision strategies selected by two players from sets of admissible cone trols is described by a stochastic linear differential equation and a standard integral-quadratic cost. A. direct dynamic programming approach for the Mayer optimization problem is used to solve for a multi-cumulant based solution when both players measure the states and minimize the first finite number of cumulants of the standard integral-quadratic cost associated with this special class of differential games. This innovative decision-making paradigm is proposed herein to provide not only a mechanism in which the conflicting interests of noncooperative players can be optimized, but also an analytical tool which is used to provide a complete statistical description of the global performance of the stochastic differential game. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM khanh.pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-74354-5 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2007 VL 369 BP 45 EP 64 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGY67 UT WOS:000251382400003 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, GS Cruz, JB Pham, KD AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Pham, Khanh D. BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R Grundel, D TI An adaptive sequential game theoretic approach to coordinated mission planning for aerial platforms SO ADVANCES IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Gainesville, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon AB Coordinated mission planning is one of the core steps to effectively exploit the capabilities of cooperative control of multiple UAVs. In this chapter, we extend and implement an effective team composition and tasking mechanism and an optimal team dynamics and tactics algorithm for mission planning under a hierarchical adaptive sequential game theoretic framework. Our knowledge/experience based static non-cooperative and non-zero games are used for team composition and tasking to schedule tasks at the mission level and allocate resources associated with these tasks. The dynamic adaptive sequential game model is used for team dynamics and tactics to assign targets and decide the optimal salvo size for each aerial platform to achieve the minimum remaining platforms of red and the maximum remaining platforms of blue at the end of a battle. A simulation software package has been developed to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithms. C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Cruz, Jose B., Jr.] The Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM dshen@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; cruz@ece.osu.edu; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-74354-5 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2007 VL 369 BP 323 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGY67 UT WOS:000251382400020 ER PT S AU Todd, A Benson, J Peterson, G Franz, T Stevens, M Raines, R AF Todd, A. Benson, J. Peterson, G. Franz, T. Stevens, M. Raines, R. BE Craiger, P Shenoi, S TI Analysis of tools for detecting rootkits and hidden processes SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSIC III SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 28-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Int Federat Informat Proc WG 11 9 DE rootkits; rootkit detection; live analysis; offline analysis AB Rootkits pose a dilemma in forensic investigations because hackers use them surreptitiously to mislead investigators. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of online and offline information analysis techniques in detecting rootkits and determining the processes and/or files hidden by rootkits. Five common rootkits were investigated using a live analysis tool, five rootkit detection tools (RDTs) and four offline analysis tools. The experimental results indicate that, while live analysis techniques provide a surprising amount of information and offline analysis provides accurate information, RDTs are the best approach for detecting rootkits and hidden processes. C1 [Todd, A.; Benson, J.; Franz, T.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Franz, T.; Raines, R.] Air Force Inst Technol, Engn Elect, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Todd, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. FU Anti-Tamper Software Protection Initiative Technology Office, Sensors Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was sponsored by the Anti-Tamper Software Protection Initiative Technology Office, Sensors Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73741-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 242 BP 89 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ11 UT WOS:000249667100006 ER PT J AU Kosch, MJ Pedersen, T Rietveld, MT Gustavsson, B Grach, SM Hagfors, T AF Kosch, M. J. Pedersen, T. Rietveld, M. T. Gustavsson, B. Grach, S. M. Hagfors, T. TI Artificial optical emissions in the high-latitude thermosphere induced by powerful radio waves: An observational review SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; artificial optical emissions; wave-plasma turbulence ID HF-INDUCED AIRGLOW; IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS; ASPECT ANGLE DEPENDENCE; PUMP-ENHANCED AIRGLOW; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; NM AIRGLOW; F-REGION; EISCAT AB High-power high-frequency radio waves beamed into the ionosphere with O-mode polarization cause plasma turbulence, which can accelerate electrons. These electrons collide with the F-layer neutrals causing artificial optical emissions identical to the natural aurora. The brightest optical emissions are O(D-1) 630 nm, with a threshold of similar to 2 eV, and O(S-1) 557.7 nm, with a threshold of similar to 4.2 eV. The optical emissions give direct evidence of electron acceleration by plasma turbulence, the non-Maxwellian electron energy spectrum as well as the morphology of the accelerating region with high spatial resolution. HF pumping of the ionosphere also causes bulk electron temperature enhancements, but these alone are not sufficient to explain the optical emissions. We review the published radar and optical observations of high-latitude pump-induced artificial optical emissions and introduce new data. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kosch, M. J.; Pedersen, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. [Rietveld, M. T.] EISCAT Sci Assoc, N-9027 Ramfjordbotn, Norway. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Grach, S. M.] Radiophys Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Grach, S. M.] NI Lobachevskii State Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Hagfors, T.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Kosch, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk OI Grach, Savely/0000-0003-1726-4793; Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.061 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400012 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW AF Svalgaard, L. Cliver, E. W. TI Long-term geomagnetic indices and their use in inferring solar wind parameters in the past SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic index; long-term; solar wind ID MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; FIELD; SCALE; CYCLE; AA AB We discuss three new geomagnetic indices [the Inter-Hour Variability (IHV), the Inter-Diurnal Variability (IDV), Svalgaard, L., Cliver, E.W. The IDV index: its derivation and use in inferring long-term variations of the interplanetary magnetic field strength. J. Geophys. Res. 110, A12103. doi:10.1029/2005JA011203, 2005; and the Polar Cap Potential (PCP) index, Le Sager, P., Svalgaard, L. No increase of the interplanetary electric field since 1926. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (A7), A07106. doi:10.1029/2004JA010411, 2004], that are derivable from data available for a century or more. Each of these indices responds directly to either the solar wind magnetic field strength (B) or to different combinations of B and the solar wind speed (V). This over-determined system permits a reconstruction of these parameters for the past similar to 150 years. The variation of yearly averages of B can be described as a constant value (4.6 nT) plus a component varying with the square root of the sunspot number. Because the latter seems to exhibit a similar to 100 year Gleissberg cycle, B does as well. Since 1890, annual averages of V range from a low of similar to 300 km/s in 1902 to 545 km/s in 2003. The IHV-index fords a way to check the calibration of other long-term geomagnetic indices. We find that the ap-index tracks the variation of IHV, back to 1932 but that the aa-index (extended back to 1844) is systematically too low (3-6 nT) before 1957, relative to modern values. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Svalgaard, L.] Easy Toolkit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Easy Toolkit Inc, 6927 Lawler Ridge, Houston, TX 77055 USA. EM leif@leif.org; Edward.Cliver@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1112 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.066 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OT UT WOS:000253589800033 ER PT J AU Shea, MA AF Shea, M. A. TI The Official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR): A Scientific Committee of the International Council for Science (ICSU) - Comment SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.001 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286BS UT WOS:000254821000001 ER PT S AU Berger, M Yin, LJ AF Berger, Matt Yin, Lijun BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Paragios, N Tanveer, SM Ju, T Liu, Z Coquillart, S CruzNeira, C Muller, T Malzbender, T TI Wavelet-based stratified irradiance caching for efficient indirect illumination SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 26-28, 2007 CL Lake Tahoe, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, SIEMENS, Intel, DigitalPersona, EQUINOX, hp, Ford, MITSUBISHI, Utopia Compress ID RADIANCE TRANSFER AB This paper presents a new method for efficient computation of indirect lighting in local lighting environments. We establish a separation between the BRDF and the irradiance for each vertex, such that during runtime we are able to quickly reconstruct per vertex irradiance. In reconstructing irradiance, we establish an important relationship between three components: stratified irradiance shared across vertices, the fast wavelet transform, and a wavelet-based nonlinearly approximated inner product. By nonlinearly approximating the BRDF for each vertex, we demonstrate how stratified irradiance has spatial independence in the 2D Haar wavelet domain, in turn allowing for large extents of irradiance samples contributing to many vertices. By expressing irradiance in terms of shared scaling coefficients, we introduce an efficient algorithm for evaluating the inner product between the irradiance and the BRDF. Our system is tailored towards the interactive rendering of static but geometrically complex models which exhibit complex reflectance materials, capable of interactive lighting and interactive view under frame rates of 2-6 fps, ran entirely on a single CPU. C1 [Berger, Matt] Air force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yin, Lijun] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. RP Berger, M (reprint author), Air force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-76857-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4841 BP 769 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHF97 UT WOS:000252834100074 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The AEF Way of War The American Army and Combat in World War I Introduction SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 22 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600001 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI Doctrine, Dogma, and Development in the AEF SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 10 EP 58 PG 49 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600002 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 1st Division Training for and Waging Trench Warfare SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 59 EP 105 PG 47 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600003 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 1st Division The Search for a "Sufficiently Powerful Fire" SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 106 EP 141 PG 36 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600004 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 26th "Yankee" Division Doctrine, Discipline, and Discrimination SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 142 EP 175 PG 34 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600005 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 26th "Yankee" Division Doctrine, Demoralization, and Disintegration SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 176 EP 199 PG 24 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600006 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 2nd Division Bloody Lessons in "Open Warfare" SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 200 EP 237 PG 38 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600007 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 2nd Division The Rise of Set-Piece Battle SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 238 EP 279 PG 42 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600008 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 77th "Liberty" Division Training for the Trenches and Fighting on the Vesle SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 280 EP 309 PG 30 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600009 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The 77th "Liberty" Division Dogma, Delegation, and Discretion SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 310 EP 342 PG 33 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600010 ER PT B AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan BA Grotelueschen, ME BF Grotelueschen, ME TI The AEF Way of War The American Army and Combat in World War I Conclusions SO AEF WAY OF WAR: THE AMERICAN ARMY AND COMBAT IN WORLD WAR I LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-434-3 PY 2007 BP 343 EP 364 PG 22 WC History SC History GA BXL66 UT WOS:000296297600011 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, Wim TI Sensitivity analysis of three-gate lifetime pressure- and temperature-sensitive paint measurements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 24th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP AIAA ID POLYMER C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Euclidean Opt Inc, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 316 EP 319 DI 10.2514/1.21441 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 130WU UT WOS:000243830500033 ER PT S AU Anderson, GP Berk, A Chetwynd, JH Harder, J Fontenla, JM Shettle, EP Saunders, R Snellf, HE Pilewskie, P Kindel, BC Gardner, JA Hokea, ML Feldea, GW Lockwood, RB Acharya, PK AF Anderson, Gall P. Berk, Alexander Chetwynd, James H. Harder, Jerald Fontenla, Juan M. Shettle, Eric P. Saunders, Roger Snellf, Hilary E. Pilewskie, Peter Kindel, Bruce C. Gardner, James A. Hokea, Michael L. Feldea, Gerald W. Lockwood, Ronald B. Acharya, Prabliat K. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Using the MODTRAN (Tm)5 radiative transfer algorithm with NASA satellite data: AIRS and SORCE - art. no. 65651 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MODTRAN(TM); remote sensing; hyperspectral; imaging; band model; infrared; radiative transfer; molecular transmittance; solar irradiance; SORCE; AIRS ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE MONITOR; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING OPTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC BAND MODEL; INSTRUMENT DESIGN; MISSION; LINES AB Testing MODTRAN (TM) 5 (MOD5) capabilities against NASA satellite state-of-the-art radiance and irradiance measurements has recently been initiated. New solar data have been acquired from the SORCE satellite team, providing measurements of variability over solar rotation cycles, plus an ultra-narrow calculation for a new solar source irradiance, extending over the full MOD5 spectral range. Additionally, a MOD5-AIRS analysis has been undertaken with appropriate channel response functions. Thus, MOD5 can serve as a surrogate for a variety of perturbation studies, including two different modes for including variations in the solar source function, Io: (1) ultra-high spectral resolution and (2) variations due to solar activity and rotation. The comparison of AIRS-related MOD5 calculations, against a suite of 'surrogate' data generated by other radiative transfer algorithms, all based upon simulations supplied by the AIRS community, provide validation in the Long Wave Infrared (LWIR). All similar to 2400 AIRS instrument spectral response functions (ISRFs) are expected to be supplied with MODTRAN (TM) 5. These validation studies show MOD5 replicates line-by-line (LBL) brightness temperatures (BT) for 30 sets of atmospheric profiles to approximately -0.02 degrees K average offset and < 1.0 degrees K RMS. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP 65651 EP 65651 AR 65651 DI 10.1117/12.721184 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300056 ER PT S AU Eismann, MT Meola, J AF Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Use of spectral clustering to enhance clutter suppression for hyperspectral change detection - art. no. 65651 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; spectral clustering AB Hyperspectral change detection has been shown to be a promising approach for detecting subtle targets in complex backgrounds. Reported change detection methods are typically based on linear predictors that assume a space-invariant affine transformation between image pairs. Unfortunately, several physical mechanisms can lead to significant space variance in the spectral change associated with background clutter, including shadowing and other illumination variations as well as seasonal impacts on the spectral nature of vegetation, and this can lead to poor change detection performance. This paper outlines a methodology to deal with such space-variant change using spectral clustering and other related least-squares optimization techniques. Several specific algorithms are developed and applied to change imagery captured under controlled conditions, and the impacts on clutter suppression are quantified and compared. The results indicate that such techniques can Provide markedly increased clutter suppression and, change detection performance when the environmental conditions associated with the image pairs are substantially different. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP 65651 EP 65651 AR 65651 DI 10.1117/12.716659 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300061 ER PT S AU Meola, J Eismann, MT Barnard, KJ Hardie, RC AF Meola, Joseph Eismann, Michael T. Barnard, Kenneth J. Hardie, Russell C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Analysis of hyperspectral change detection as affected by vegetation and illumination variations - art. no. 65651 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspeciral; change detection; chronochrome; covariance equalization; background suppression AB This study examines the effectiveness of specific hyperspectral change detection algorithms on scenes with different illumination conditions such as shadows, low sun angles, and seasonal vegetation changes with specific emphasis placed on background suppression. When data sets for the same spatial scene on different occasions exist, change detection algorithms utilize linear predictors such as chronochrome and covariance equalization in an attempt to suppress background and improve detection of atypical manmade changes. Using a push-broom style imaging spectrometer mounted on a pan and tilt platform, visible to near infrared data sets of a scene containing specific objects are gathered. Hyperspectral system characterization and calibration is performed to ensure the production of viable data. Data collection occurs over a range of months to capture a myriad of conditions including daily illumination change, seasonal illumination change, and seasonal vegetation change. Choosing reference images, the degree of background suppression produced for various time-2 scene conditions is examined for different background classes. A single global predictor produces a higher degree of suppression when the conditions between the reference and time-2 remain similar and decreases as drastic illumination and vegetation alterations appear. Manual spatial segmentation of the scene coupled with the application of a different linear predictor for each class can improve suppression. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP 65651 EP 65651 AR 65651 DI 10.1117/12.716324 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300060 ER PT S AU Majumder, UK Temple, MA Minardi, MJ Zelnio, EG AF Majumder, Uttam K. Temple, Michael A. Minardi, Michael J. Zelnio, Edmund G. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Three-dimensional point spread function characterization of a radially displaced scatterer - art. no. 656803 SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR); point spread function (PSF); automatic target recognition (ATR); radially displaced target AB For synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems utilizing a circular aperture for target recognition, it is important to know how a target's point spread function (PSF) behaves as a function of various radar functional parameters and target positional changes that may occur during data collection. The purpose of this research is characterizing the three dimensional (313) point spread function (31) PSF) behavior of a radially displaced point scatterer for circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR). For an automatic target recognition (ATR) systems requiring target identification with a high degree of confidence, CSAR processing represents a viable alternative given it can produce images with resolution less than a wavelength. With very large CSAR apertures (90 degrees or more) three dimensional imaging is possible with a single phase center and a single pass. Using a backprojection image formation process, point target PSF responses are generated at various target locations at a given radar bandwidth, depression angle and full 360 degrees CSAR apertures. Consistent with previous studies, the 3D PSF for a point target located at the image center is cone shaped and serves as the basis for comparing and characterizing the 3D PSFs for radially displaced scatterers. For radially displaced point target, simulated results show 3D PSF response is asymmetric and tends to become an elliptic shape. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Majumder, UK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP 56803 EP 56803 AR 656803 DI 10.1117/12.719357 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900002 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Lewis, T Willemsen, L AF Mitra, Atindra K. Lewis, Thomas Willemsen, Leroy BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Exploitation of UAV trajectories with perturbation for intelligent circular SAR applications - art. no. 656805 SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE circular SAR; smart sensor trajectories; radar imaging; robotic UAVs AB This paper outlines a concept for exploiting UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) trajectories for detecting slowly moving targets. All the analysis and simulation results are reported under the assumption of a circular UAV trajectory with various degrees of localized perturbations in the neighborhood of a given circular trajectory. These trajectory perturbations are introduced and investigated in order to develop intelligent processing algorithms for purposes of detecting slowly moving targets. The basic concept is based on collecting sub-apertures of data over a given set of localized trajectories and intelligently parsing the collected data based on time-varying angle estimates between the localized UAV trajectory and subsets of a collection of moving point targets. This parsed data is intelligently combined over large SAR integration sub-intervals and intervals to develop a novel approach to detecting moving targets with large variations in speed and target trajectory. Simulation results are reported for three different trajectory perturbation functions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP 56805 EP 56805 AR 656805 DI 10.1117/12.721443 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900004 ER PT S AU Holston, ME Minardi, MJ Temple, MA Saville, MA AF Holston, Matthew E. Minardi, Michael J. Temple, Michael A. Saville, Michael A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Characterizing geolocation ambiguity responses in synthetic aperture radar-ground moving target indication - art. no. 656809 SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar (SAR); geolocation ambiguity; ground moving target indication (GMTI) AB Single-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide high quality, focused images of moving targets by utilizing advanced SAR-GMTI techniques that focus all constant velocity targets into a three-dimensional space indexed by range, cross-range and cross-range velocity. However, an inherent geolocation ambiguity exists in that multiple, distinct moving targets may posses identical range versus time responses relative to a constant velocity collection platform. Although these targets are uniquely located within a four-dimensional space (x-position, y-position, x-velocity, and y-velocity), their responses are focused and mapped to the same three-dimensional position in the SAR-GMTI image cube. Previous research has shown that circular SAR (CSAR) collection geometry is one way to break this ambiguity and creates a four-dimensional detection space. This research determines the target resolution available in the detection space as a function of different collection parameters. A metric is introduced to relate the resolvability of multiple target responses for various parametric combinations, i.e., changes in key collection parameters such as integration time, slant range, look angle, and carrier frequency. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Temple, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP 56809 EP 56809 AR 656809 DI 10.1117/12.731455 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900007 ER PT S AU Casteel, CH Gorham, LA Minardi, MJ Scarborough, SM Naidu, KD Majumder, UK AF Casteel, Curtis H., Jr. Gorham, LeRoy A. Minardi, Michael J. Scarborough, Steven M. Naidu, Kiranmai D. Majumder, Uttam K. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI A challenge problem for 2D/3D imaging of targets from a volumetric data set in an urban environment - art. no. 65680D SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar (CSAR); autofocus; 2D/3D imagery; X-band AB This paper describes a challenge problem whose scope is the 2D/3D imaging of stationary targets from a volumetric data set of X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data collected in an urban environment. The data for this problem was collected at a scene consisting of numerous civilian vehicles and calibration targets. The radar operated in circular SAR mode and completed 8 circular flight paths around the scene with varying altitudes. Data consists of phase history data, auxiliary data, processing algorithms, processed images, as well as ground truth data. Interest is focused on mitigating the large side lobes in the point spread function. Due to the sparse nature of the elevation aperture, traditional imaging techniques introduce excessive artifacts in the processed images. Further interests include the formation of high-resolution 3D SAR images with single pass data and feature extraction for 3D SAR automatic target recognition applications. The purpose of releasing the Gotcha Volumetric SAR Data Set is to provide the community with X-band SAR data that supports the development of new algorithms for high-resolution 2D/3D imaging. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Casteel, CH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP D5680 EP D5680 AR 65680D DI 10.1117/12.731457 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900010 ER PT S AU Majumder, UK Casteel, CH Buxa, P Minardi, MJ Zelnio, EG Nehrbass, JW AF Majumder, Uttam K. Casteel, Curtis H. Buxa, Peter Minardi, Michael J. Zelnio, Edmund G. Nehrbass, John W. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI SAR data exploitation: Computational technology enabling SAR ATR algorithm development - art. no. 65680L SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar (SAR); high performance computing (HPC); real-time computing; automatic target recognition (ATR) AB A fundamental issue with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) application development is data processing and exploitation in real-time or near real-time. The power of high performance computing (HPC) clusters, FPGA, and the IBM Cell processor presents new algorithm development possibilities that have not been fully leveraged. In this paper, we will illustrate the capability of SAR data exploitation which was impractical over the last decade due to computing limitations. We can envision that SAR imagery encompassing city size coverage at extremely high levels of fidelity could be processed at near-real time using the above technologies to empower the warfighter with access to critical information for the war on terror, homeland defense, as well as urban warfare. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Majumder, UK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP L5680 EP L5680 AR 65680L DI 10.1117/12.723224 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900018 ER PT S AU Mendoza, OL Arnold, G AF Mendoza, Olga Lisvet Arnold, Gregory BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Dissecting the object-image metric with image registration in mind SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE image registration; invariants; object-image relations; object-image metrics; ATR AB An object-image metric is an extension of standard metrics in that it is constructed for matching and comparing configurations of object features to configurations of image features. For the generalized weak perspective camera, it is invariant to any affine transformation of the object or the image. Recent research in the exploitation of the object-image metric suggests new approaches to Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). This paper explores the object-image metric and its limitations. Through a series of experiments, we specifically seek to understand how the object-image metric could be applied to the image registration problem-an enabling technology for ATR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendoza, OL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Olga.Mendoza@wpafb.af.mil; Gregory.Arnold@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6568 AR 65680Y DI 10.1117/12.719862 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900029 ER PT J AU Bailey, A Pope, TW Moore, SA Campbell, CL AF Bailey, Alison Pope, Theodore W. Moore, Scott A. Campbell, Charles L. TI The tragedy of TRIUMPH for nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in cardiogenic shock - Where do we go from here? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARGININE HYDROCHLORIDE 546C88; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; METHYL-L-ARGININE; GUSTO-I TRIAL; SEPTIC SHOCK; SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; EARLY REVASCULARIZATION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; IMPROVES SURVIVAL AB Cardiogenic shock following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to be associated with significant mortality despite modem reperfusion strategies and inotropic support. There is mounting evidence that an acute inflammatory response accompanies the well documented decrement in left ventricular systolic function associated with cardiogenic shock and that this response may affect outcomes. In the past 2 decades it has also become apparent that nitric oxide (NO), a heteroatomic free radical has numerous biologic activities, among them the maintenance of vascular tone. The production of NO is mediated by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS); the transcription of one of these (NOS2 or inducible NOS [iNOS]) is induced by inflammatory stimuli. The iNOS gene product produces NO at very high and potentially pathologic levels. The up-regulation of iNOS transcription and overproduction of NO have been implicated in the pathogenesis of shock states where excess NO is thought to cause catecholamine resistant vasodilatation and reduced myocardial inotropy, resulting in hypotension and a fall in cardiac output. NO can also react with superoxide to produce peroxynitrate, a molecule directly toxic to the cells via modification of proteins and DNA. Inhibitors of NOS have long been utilized in the laboratory characterization of the NOS. More recently, attempts have been made to determine if the inhibition of NOS might have clinical utility in the setting of circulatory shock. With respect to septic shock, early animal studies and small trials in humans proved encouraging, but a larger trial was terminated early because of a trend toward harm among patients receiving the NO inhibitor. Studies have been undertaken in the setting of cardiogenic shock. Am mal studies and small trials with humans again proved encouraging, but the large randomized TRIUMPH trial evaluating tilargihine (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; L-NMMA) was recently terminated because of a lack of efficacy. These studies evaluated compounds with little selectivity for iNOS and their failure may have been due, in part, to the inhibition of the other NOS isoforms. In this review, we describe the biochemistry of NO synthesis, the regulation of NO production, and the clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of NOS inhibition with an eye to future trials with more selective inhibitors of iNOS. C1 Univ Kentucky, Gill Heart Inst, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Div Cardiovasc Med, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Uniform Hlth Sci Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Campbell, CL (reprint author), 900 S Limestone,326 Charles T Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM clcampbell@uky.edu NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-3277 J9 AM J CARDIOVASC DRUG JI Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 237GO UT WOS:000251362400003 PM 17953472 ER PT J AU Kolkebeck, TE Cotant, CL Krasuski, RA AF Kolkebeck, Tom E. Cotant, Casey L. Krasuski, Richard A. TI Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: an unusual syndrome mimicking an ST-elevation myocardial infarction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kolkebeck, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM tkolkebeck@satx.rr.com OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.08.001 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 121ES UT WOS:000243141500020 PM 17157693 ER PT J AU Gordon, MC Ventura-Braswell, A Higby, K Ward, JA AF Gordon, Michael C. Ventura-Braswell, Ada Higby, Kenneth Ward, John A. TI Does local anesthesia decrease pain perception in women undergoing amniocentesis? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In a prospective randomized study of a racially diverse population, administration of local anesthesia before amniocentesis did not alter maternal pain perception. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Gordon, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.025 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 127GA UT WOS:000243572100019 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Michaelson, PG Faulkner, JA AF Maturo, Stephen C. Michaelson, Peter G. Faulkner, Jeffrey A. TI Primary branchiogenic carcinoma: the confusion continues SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; CLEFT CYST; NECK AB As in many specialties, otolaryngology is not without diagnosis surrounded, by controversy. This report discusses the entity known as the primary branchial cleft carcinoma, which has been argued by some to be no more than metastatic disease of the unknown primary. Although the disease is rare, the consideration of this diagnosis requires careful thought and analysis by the otolaryngologist, pathologist, and radiation oncologist so that a rational treatment plan can be offered to the patient. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Maturo, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stephen.maturo@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 25 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.06.005 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 120WQ UT WOS:000243117700007 PM 17162127 ER PT J AU Gal, TJ Jones, LM AF Gal, Thomas J. Jones, Loren M. TI Reconstruction of recalcitrant stenosis of the laryngectomy stoma using the radial forearm free flap SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACHEOSTOMAL STENOSIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jones, LM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Berguist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM loren.jones@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.03.011 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 120WQ UT WOS:000243117700014 PM 17162134 ER PT J AU Chan, AHW Crowder, CM Rogers, TL AF Chan, Andrea H. W. Crowder, Christian M. Rogers, Tracy L. TI Variation in cortical bone histology within the human femur and its impact on estimating age at death SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forensic anthropology; age estimation; histomorphology; osteon ID CORE TECHNIQUE; FEMORAL-SHAFT; MULE DEER; STRENGTH; CALCANEUS; WEIGHT; GROWTH; CORTEX AB Histological methods for the estimation of age at death using cortical bone are based on the evaluation of microstructural changes over time. Since histological analysis is a destructive method, most techniques attempt to limit the amount of cortical bone needed for analysis. Sample location, however, can have a significant effect on the accuracy of these methods. Furthermore, research demonstrates that both intersection and intrasection variation is present at the midshaft of the femur, which is the primary location for estimating age at death in humans. This research determines the extent of regional variation within the adult human femur and its effect on age estimation. Secondary osteon lamellae and Haversian canal ratio and cortical thickness were quantified. Thompson's All Males Left Femur regression equation was used to estimate age. Results show that significant regional variation occurs in the estimated ages derived from the posterior aspect of the femoral shaft and significant intrasection variation occurs in age estimates from the mid and mid-distal cross-sections. Thus, the inter and intrasection variation that occurs in bone remodeling within the femoral cortex has the potential to produce significant differences amongst age estimates taken from various femoral diaphyseal locations compared to the age estimated from the standard location used in Thompson's core method (1978). The results indicate that the use of this histological method is dependant on the ability to correctly identify the four anatomical locations, but the extracted core used for age estimation is not necessarily confined to the anterior midshaft. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Joint POW MIA Accounting Command Cent ID Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Rogers, TL (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, 3359 Mississauga Rd N, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM trogers@utm.utoronto.ca NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20465 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 117QQ UT WOS:000242888400008 PM 16897772 ER PT J AU Rao, JDN Liu, L Zou, TT Marasa, BS Boneva, D Wang, SR Malone, DL Turner, DJ Wang, JY AF Rao, Jaladanki N. 2 Liu, Lan Zou, Tongtong Marasa, Bernard S. Boneva, Dessy Wang, Shelley R. Malone, Debra L. Turner, Douglas J. Wang, Jian-Ying TI Polyamines are required for phospholipase C-gamma(1) expression promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mucosal injury; early mucosal repair; cell migration; capacitative Ca2+ entry; Ca2+ influx; Cdx2 gene; intestinal epithelium ID CELL-MIGRATION; C-GAMMA; TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; CALCIUM-ENTRY; IEC-6 CELLS; GROWTH; ACTIVATION; DEPLETION AB Polyamines are required for phospholipase C-gamma(1) expression promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G335-G343, 2007. First published September 14, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00282.2006.-Intestinal mucosal restitution occurs by epithelial cell migration, rather than by proliferation, to reseal superficial wounds after injury. Polyamines are essential for the stimulation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) migration during restitution in association with their ability to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis, but the exact mechanism by which polyamines induce cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](cyt)) remains unclear. Phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma(1) catalyzes the formation of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3), which is implicated in the regulation of [Ca2+](cyt) by modulating Ca2+ store mobilization and Ca2+ influx. The present study tested the hypothesis that polyamines are involved in PLC-gamma(1) activity, regulating [Ca2+](cyt) and cell migration after wounding. Depletion of cellular polyamines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine inhibited PLC-gamma(1) expression in differentiated IECs (stable Cdx2-transfected IEC-6 cells), as indicated by substantial decreases in levels of PLC-gamma(1) mRNA and protein and its enzyme product IP3. Polyamine-deficient cells also displayed decreased [Ca2+](cyt) and inhibited cell migration. Decreased levels of PLC-gamma(1) by treatment with U-73122 or transfection with short interfering RNA specifically targeting PLC-gamma(1) also decreased IP3, reduced resting [Ca2+](cyt) and Ca2+ influx after store depletion, and suppressed cell migration in control cells. In contrast, stimulation of PLC-gamma(1) by 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-benzenesulfonamide induced IP3, increased [Ca2+](cyt), and promoted cell migration in polyamine-deficient cells. These results indicate that polyamines are absolutely required for PLC-gamma(1) expression in IECs and that polyamine-mediated PLC-gamma(1) signaling stimulates cell migration during restitution as a result of increased [Ca2+](cyt). C1 Baltimore Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Cell Biol Grp, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USAF, Med Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), Baltimore Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jwang@smail.umaryland.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-61972, DK-57819, DK-68491] NR 58 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 1 BP G335 EP G343 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00282.2006 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 124VW UT WOS:000243399800039 PM 16973916 ER PT J AU Poulsen, N Berne, C Spain, J Kroger, N AF Poulsen, Nicole Berne, Cecile Spain, Jim Kroeger, Nils TI Silica immobilization of an enzyme through genetic engineering of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE diatoms; enzyme catalysis; gene technology; immobilization; silica ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES; INNOVATIVE MATERIALS; NEUTRAL PH; MORPHOGENESIS; SILAFFINS; BIOLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; MANIPULATION; ARCHITECTURE; TEMPERATURE C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kroger, N (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 901 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nils.kroger@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Berne, Cecile/D-7193-2013; OI Poulsen, Nicole/0000-0002-4533-8860 NR 52 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1843 EP 1846 DI 10.1002/anie.200603928 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 144VY UT WOS:000244825700017 PM 17274079 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Boatz, JA Yousufuddin, M Christe, KO AF Haiges, Ralf Boatz, Jerry A. Yousufuddin, Muhammed Christe, Karl O. TI Monocapped trigonal-prismatic transition-metal heptaazides: Syntheses, properties, and structures of [Nb(N-3)(7)](2-) and [Ta(N-3)(7)](2-) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; niobium; tantalum; vibrational spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction ID POLYAZIDE CHEMISTRY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AZIDES; COORDINATION; HEXAAZIDOPHOSPHATES; STEREOCHEMISTRY; TE(N-3)(4); DYNAMICS; IONS C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 2869 EP 2874 DI 10.1002/anie.200604520 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 159YV UT WOS:000245904700020 PM 17348060 ER PT J AU Wilson, WW Haiges, R Boatz, JA Christe, KO AF Wilson, William W. Haiges, Ralf Boatz, Jerry A. Christe, Karl O. TI Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-[N(3)NFO](+) and (E)-[N(3)NFO](+) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cations; density functional calculations; NMR spectroscopy; polynitrogen compounds; stereoisomers; vibrational spectroscopy ID ELECTRON CORRELATION; TRIFLUORAMINE OXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; RESONANCE; FLUORIDE; MODELS; N-5(+); CATION; SALTS C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 17 BP 3023 EP 3027 DI 10.1002/anie.200700130 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 163DR UT WOS:000246139400013 PM 17373016 ER PT J AU Farrugia, CJ Grocott, A Sandholt, PE Cowley, SWH Miyoshi, Y Rich, FJ Jordanova, VK Torbert, RB Sharma, A AF Farrugia, C. J. Grocott, A. Sandholt, P. E. Cowley, S. W. H. Miyoshi, Y. Rich, F. J. Jordanova, V. K. Torbert, R. B. Sharma, A. TI The magnetosphere under weak solar wind forcing SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; general or miscellaneous ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; POLAR-CAP; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; JANUARY 14; NORTHWARD; INTERVALS; PERIOD AB The Earth's magnetosphere was very strongly disturbed during the passage of the strong shock and the following interacting ejecta on 21-25 October 2001. These disturbances included two intense storms (D(st)*approximate to-250 and -180nT, respectively). The cessation of this activity at the start of 24 October ushered in a peculiar state of the magnetosphere which lasted for about 28 h and which we discuss in this paper. The interplanetary field was dominated by the sunward component [B=(4.29 +/- 0.77, -0.303 +/- 0.71, 0.49 +/- 0.45) nT]. We analyze global indicators of geomagnetic disturbances, polar cap precipitation, ground magnetometer records, and ionospheric convection as obtained from SuperDARN radars. The state of the magnetosphere is characterized by the following features: (i) generally weak and patchy (in time) low-latitude dayside reconnection or reconnection poleward of the cusps; (ii) absence of substorms; (iii) a monotonic recovery from the previous storm activity (D(st) corrected for magnetopause currents decreasing from similar to-65 to similar to-35 nT), giving an unforced decreased of similar to 1.1 nT/h; (iv) the probable absence of viscous-type interaction originating from the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability; (v) a cross-polar cap potential of just 20-30 kV; (vi) a persistent, polar cap region containing (vii) very weak, and sometimes absent, electron precipitation and no systematic inter-hemisphere asymmetry. Whereas we therefore infer the presence of a moderate amount of open flux, the convection is generally weak and patchy, which we ascribe to the lack of solar wind driver. This magnetospheric state approaches that predicted by Cowley and Lockwood (1992) but has never yet been observed. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE2 4TG, Leics, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM charlie.farrugia@unh.edu RI Grocott, Adrian/A-9576-2011; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 191 EP 205 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144HG UT WOS:000244786500017 ER PT J AU Simon, C Lilensten, J Moen, J Holmes, JM Ogawa, Y Oksavik, K Denig, WF AF Simon, C. Lilensten, J. Moen, J. Holmes, J. M. Ogawa, Y. Oksavik, K. Denig, W. F. TI TRANS4: a new coupled electron/proton transport code comparison to observations above Svalbard using ESR, DMSP and optical measurements SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; particle precipitation; space plasma physics; transport processes ID AURORAL HYDROGEN EMISSION; H-BETA EMISSION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON PRECIPITATION; DOPPLER PROFILES; THEORETIC SOLUTIONS; ENERGY DEGRADATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; POLAR IONOSPHERE; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB We present for the first time a numerical kinetic/fluid code for the ionosphere coupling proton and electron effects. It solves the fluid transport equations up to the eighth moment, and the kinetic equations for suprathermal particles. Its new feature is that for the latter, both electrons and protons are taken into account, while the preceding codes (TRANSCAR) only considered electrons. Thus it is now possible to compute in a single run the electron and ion densities due to proton precipitation. This code is successfully applied to a multi-instrumental data set recorded on 22 January 2004. We make use of measurements from the following set of instruments: the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-13 measures the precipitating particle fluxes, the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) measures the ionospheric parameters, the thermospheric oxygen lines are measured by an all-sky camera and the H, line is given by an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer located at Ny-Alesund. We show that the code computes the H,, spectral line profile with an excellent agreement with observations, providing some complementary information on the physical state of the atmosphere. We also show the relative effects of protons and electrons as to the electron densities. Computed electron densities are finally compared to the direct ESR measurements. C1 Lab Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Space Plasma Phys Grp, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, UNIS, Dept Arctic Geophys, Longyearbyen, Norway. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Lilensten, J (reprint author), Lab Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. EM jean.lilensten@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 661 EP 673 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164WQ UT WOS:000246265900008 ER PT J AU Becker-Guedes, F Sahai, Y Fagundes, PR Espinoza, ES Pillat, VG Lima, WLC Basu, S Basu, S Otsuka, Y Shiokawa, K MacKenzie, EM Pi, X Bittencourt, JA AF Becker-Guedes, F. Sahai, Y. Fagundes, P. R. Espinoza, E. S. Pillat, V. G. Lima, W. L. C. Basu, Su. Basu, Sa. Otsuka, Y. Shiokawa, K. MacKenzie, E. M. Pi, X. Bittencourt, J. A. TI The ionospheric response in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm on 20 November 2003 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; ionospheric irregularities ID MAGNETIC STORM; ELECTRIC-FIELD; LOW LATITUDES; SUBSTORMS; REGION; PHASE AB A very intense geomagnetic storm (superstorm) began with storm sudden commencement (SSC) at 08:03 UT on 20 November 2003, as a result of the coronal mass ejection (CME) by sunspot 484 hurled into space on 18 November 2003. The geomagnetic storm attained vertical bar D-st vertical bar(max)=472 nT at 20:00 UT (20 November). In this paper we present the simultaneous ionospheric sounding observations, using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs), carried out from Palmas (PAL; 10.2 degrees S, 48.2 degrees W; dip latitude 5.5 degrees S; a near equatorial station) and Sao Jose dos Campos (SJC; 23.2 degrees S. 45.9 degrees W; dip latitude 17.6 degrees S; station located under the crest of equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil. In addition, total electron content (TEC) measurements from several GPS receiving stations in the Brazilian sector during this storm are presented. The simultaneous ionospheric sounding observations carried out at SJC and PAL, and TEC observations on 3 consecutive days viz., 19 November (quiet), 20 November (disturbed) and 21 November (recovery phase) are presented. Salient features from the ionospheric observations in the Brazilian sector during the superstorm are discussed. The difference in the observed ionospheric response at the two stations (PAL and SJC) is considerable. This is not surprising given that PAL is close to the magnetic equator and SJC is near the crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA). It should be pointed out that soon after the SSC (about 4 h later), the F-region critical frequency (foF2), the F-region peak height (hpF2), and variations of virtual heights at different frequencies (iso-frequency plots) all show wavelike oscillations of the F-region during daytime at both the ionospheric sounding stations. Unusual rapid uplifting of F-region at PAL was observed during both the main and recovery phases of the storm. C1 UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observ Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. ULBRA, CEULP, Palmas, TO, Brazil. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Nagoya Univ, STELAB, Toyokawa, Japan. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Becker-Guedes, F (reprint author), UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM fabio@univap.br RI Fagundes, Paulo/G-8758-2011; Sahai, Yogeshwar/C-4855-2012; Pillat, Valdir/D-4610-2012; Becker-Guedes, Fabio/M-6911-2015 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 863 EP 873 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 171UY UT WOS:000246762100005 ER PT J AU Moore, LM Rathkopf, MM Sanner, CJ Whisman, BA Demain, JG AF Moore, Laura M. Rathkopf, Melinda McNeal Sanner, Carol J. Whisman, Bonnie A. Demain, Jeffrey G. TI Seal and whale meat: two newly recognized food allergies SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN PRICK TESTS; PEANUT ALLERGY; CHILDREN; ASSAYS AB Background: Alaska's marine mammals compose a large portion of the diet of indigenous coastal Alaskan people. Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), inhabitants of the Bering and Beaufort seas along Alaska's western and northern coasts, are 2 of the most important subsistence species, serving as major food sources to the native population. Objective: To describe an Inupiaq boy with symptoms consistent with an IgE-mediated food allergy after ingestion of bowhead whale and bearded seal meat. Methods: Extracts of cooked bowhead whale and bearded seal were prepared, lyophilized, and evaluated for protein content. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed for each extract, followed by transfer to nitrocellulose and IgE immunoblots. Skin prick testing was conducted using reconstituted extracts of 1:10 wt/vol dilution. Results: Immunoblots revealed serum specific IgE binding with the extracts of bowhead whale and bearded seal meat. Protein bands of approximately 25, 40, 50, and 90 kDa were found in the seal meat. Protein bands of 55 and 90 kDa were found in the whale meat. Skin prick test results were positive to whale and seal extracts with appropriate positive and negative controls. Ten control subjects had negative reactions to both extracts. Conclusion: A patient with moderate anaphylaxis to bowhead whale and bearded seal meat demonstrated serum specific IgE by means of immunoblot and positive skin prick test results. This is the first known reported case of specific IgE to these species. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Alaska Dept Transportat & Publ Facil, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska LLC, Allergy Asthma & Immunol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Moore, LM (reprint author), 56th Med Grp,56 MDO5,560MA,7219 N Litchfield Rd, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. EM Laura.Moore@luke.af.mil NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 124TV UT WOS:000243393700015 PM 17225727 ER PT S AU Ray, B Kosai, H Scofield, JD Jordan, B AF Ray, Biswajit Kosai, Hiroyuki Scofield, James D. Jordan, Brett GP IEEE TI 200 degrees C operation of a DC-DC converter with SiC power devices SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB Design, operation, and performance evaluation of a 180 W, 100 kHz, 270 V/28 V twotransistor forward dc-dc power converter are reported for elevated temperatures up to 200 degrees C. Use of SiC power semiconductor devices, and high temperature powdered ferrite (for magnetics design), and characterization of ceramic (X7R) capacitors' leakage current over temperature are presented as well. C1 [Ray, Biswajit] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Kosai, Hiroyuki] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Scofield, James D.; Jordan, Brett] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ray, B (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 998 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357636 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100149 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, Victor Byrd, Larry W. TI Modeling and analysis of functionally graded materials and structures SO APPLIED MECHANICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS; HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; INTERACTION INTEGRAL METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; THIN-WALLED-BEAMS; TRANSIENT THERMOELASTIC DEFORMATIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES; VOLUME-FRACTION OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR BENDING RESPONSE AB This paper presents a review of the principal developments in functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an emphasis on the recent work published since 2000. Diverse areas relevant to various aspects of theory and applications of FGM are reflected in this paper They include homogenization of particulate FGM, heat transfer issues, stress, stability and dynamic analyses, testing, manufacturing and design, applications, and fracture. The critical areas where further research is needed for a successful implementation of FGM in design are outlined in the conclusions. C1 [Birman, Victor] Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 295 TC 385 Z9 402 U1 34 U2 202 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0003-6900 J9 APPL MECH REV JI Appl. Mech. Rev. PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1-6 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1115/1.2777164 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 286QN UT WOS:000254861200013 ER PT J AU Demakis, GJ Hammond, F Knotts, A Cooper, DB Clement, P Kennedy, J Sawyer, T AF Demakis, George J. Hammond, Flora Knotts, Allison Cooper, Douglas B. Clement, Pamelia Kennedy, Jan Sawyer, Tom TI The Personality Assessment Inventory in individuals with traumatic brain injury SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Personality Assessment Inventory; Traumatic Brain Injury; psychometric research ID HEAD-INJURY; MMPI-2; SCALE; VALIDITY AB This study examined the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 95 individuals who had suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital (n=60) and a military hospital (n=35); despite differences in demographics and injury characteristics groups did not differ on any of the clinical scales and were thus combined. In the combined group, the highest mean clinical scale elevations were on Somatic Complaints, Depression, and Borderline Features and the most common configural profiles, based on cluster analysis, were Cluster I (no prominent elevations), Cluster 6 (social isolation and confused thinking), and Cluster 2 (depression and withdrawal). Factor analysis indicated a robust three-factor solution that accounted for 74.86 percent of the variance and was similar to findings from the psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations in the standardization sample. The above findings are compared with the previous literature on psychopathology in TBI, particularly in regards to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), as well as previous psychometric research on the PAI. (c) 2006 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Charlotte Inst Rehabil, Charlotte, NC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Demakis, GJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM gdemakis@email.uncc.edu NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.acn.2006.09.004 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 144RV UT WOS:000244814700014 PM 17182214 ER PT S AU Haag, CR Lamont, GB Williams, PD Peterson, GL AF Haag, Charles R. Lamont, Gary B. Williams, Paul D. Peterson, Gilbert L. BE NunesDeCastro, L VonZuben, FJ Knidel, H TI An artificial immune system-inspired multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with application to the detection of distributed computer network intrusions SO ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP Capes, Energisa S/A, Esfer Tecnol, Fapesp, Hewlett Packard, NatComp, Petrobras, SAE Inst, SBA, SBC, Unicamp, UniSantos AB Contemporary signature-based intrusion detection systems are reactive in nature and are storage-limited. Their operation depends upon identifying an instance of an intrusion or virus and encoding it into a signature that is stored in its anomaly database, providing a window of vulnerability to computer systems during this time. Further, the maximum size of an Internet Protocol-based message requires a huge database in order to maintain possible signature combinations. To tighten this response cycle within storage constraints, this paper presents an innovative artificial immune system (AIS) integrated with a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA). This new distributed intrusion detection system (IDS) design is intended to measure the vector of tradeoff solutions among detectors with regard to two independent objectives: best classification fitness and multiobjective hypervolume size. AIS antibody detectors promiscuously monitor network traffic for exact and variant abnormal system events based on only the detector's own data structure and the application domain truth set. Applied to the MIT-DARPA 1999 insider intrusion detection data set, this new software engineered AIS-MOEA IDS called jREMISA correctly classifies normal and abnormal events at a relative high statistical level which is directly attributed to finding the proper detector affinity threshold. C1 [Haag, Charles R.; Lamont, Gary B.; Williams, Paul D.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haag, CR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM charles.haag@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu; paul.williams@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73921-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4628 BP 420 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGR53 UT WOS:000250107800036 ER PT S AU Vincent, RA Oesch, DW Sanchez, DJ AF Vincent, R. Anthony Oesch, Denis W. Sanchez, Darryl J. BE Tyson, RK LloydHart, M TI Effects of phase shifting error upon the Self-referencing interferometer wavefront sensor - art. no. 66910H SO Astronomical Adaptative Optics Systems and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE adaptive optics; wave front sensors; phase-shifting; scintillation; four-bin method; Carre method AB A few, years ago the Air Force Research Laboratory developed a Self-Referencing Interferometer (SRI) wavefront sensor (WFS) that is able to accurately detect the magnitude and phase of propagating electromagnetic waves in a stron, scintillation environment. This proved to be very useful in applications of adaptive optics when detecting light or transmitting laser beams through moderate to high turbulence. The SRI operates by interfering a beacon beam, which has been aberrated by atmospheric turbulence, with a reference beam having a known phase and detecting the intensity of the interference pattern. The phase of the beacon is then determined from those interference patterns. At least three different phases of a reference beam are needed to accurately determine the phase on the beacon beam, but four are preferable. These phases shift the reference beam by 0, pi/2, pi, and 3 pi/2. In this paper we examine the effects of phase shift errors. Our method can be extrapolated to any WFS utilizing, the Carre algorithm with pi/2 phase steps. These results show that the SRI is amazingly tolerable to phase shifting errors, specifically that an adaptive optic loop still closes even with a phase error 'epsilon' of nearly +/-pi/2. EN, en more unexpected, it is possible to increase Strehl over the nominally aligned system by as much as 11% in closed loop operation when phase errors are purposefully induced. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Opt Div,DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vincent, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Opt Div,DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6839-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6691 BP H6910 EP H6910 AR 66910H DI 10.1117/12.736544 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BGX13 UT WOS:000251053700011 ER PT S AU Crabtree, P Woods, C Khoury, J Goda, M Temple, M Watson, E AF Crabtree, Peter Woods, Charles Khoury, Jed Goda, Matthew Temple, Michael Watson, Ed BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Binary wavefront control in the focal plane for improved fiber coupling in air-to-air laser communication - art. no. 65510M SO Atmospheric Propagation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IV CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE free-space laser communications; optical communications; wavefront control; tracking; adaptive optics ID PHASE-CODING TECHNIQUE; BIT-ERROR RATE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; TURBULENCE AB This paper investigates binary wavefront control in the focal plane to compensate for atmospheric turbulence in fiber-coupled free-space laser communication (LaserCom) systems. Traditional approaches to turbulence compensation (i.e., adaptive optics) modify optical phase in the pupil plane to improve the focal plane image or increase energy on target in the far field. For high-energy laser applications, focal plane phase modulation is problematic due to high power densities and device damage thresholds. However, LaserCom systems aim to use minimal power for reasons such as eye safety and covert communication. Thus, focal plane wavefront control is a reasonable approach for this application. Numerical results show that in an air-to-air scenario, binary phase modulation provides mean fiber coupling efficiency nearly identical to that resulting from ideal least-squares adaptive optics, but without the requirement for direct wavefront sensing. The binary phase commands are derived from a single imaging camera and an assumption about the nature of spot breakup. The use of binary wavefront control suggests that existing ferro-electric spatial light modulator technology may support real-time correction. Coupling efficiency results are also compared to those for the Strehl ratio, highlighting the importance of metric-driven design. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Crabtree, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6673-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6551 BP M5510 EP M5510 AR 65510M DI 10.1117/12.720077 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications GA BGL49 UT WOS:000248197600020 ER PT S AU McCalmont, J Uttt, J Deschenes, M Taylor, M Sanderson, R Montgomery, J Johnson, RS McDermott, D AF McCalmont, John Uttt, James Deschenes, Michael Taylor, Michael Sanderson, Richard Montgomery, Joel Johnson, Randal S. McDermott, Dave BE Sadjadi, FA TI Sense and avoid technology for unmanned aircraft systems - art. no. 65660P SO Automatic Target Recognition XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVII CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), in conjunction with the Global Hawk Systems Group, the J-UCAS System Program Office and contractor Defense Research Associates, Inc. (DRA) is conducting an Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) of a sense-and-avoid capability with the potential to satisfy the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) requirement for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to provide "an equivalent level of safety, comparable to see-and-avoid requirements for manned aircraft". This FAA requirement must be satisfied for UAS operations within the national airspace. The Sense-and-Avoid, Phase I (Man-in-the-Loop) and Phase II (Autonomous Maneuver) ATD demonstrated an on-board, wide field of regard, multi-sensor visible imaging system operating in real time and capable of passively detecting approaching aircraft, declaring potential collision threats in a timely manner and alerting the human pilot located in the remote ground control station or autonomously maneuvered the aircraft.. Intruder declaration data was collected during the SAA I & II Advanced Technology Demonstration flights conducted during December 2006. A total of 27 collision scenario flights were conducted and analyzed. The average detection range was 6.3 NM and the mean declaration range was 4.3 NM. The number of false alarms per engagement has been reduced to approximately 3 per engagement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCalmont, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6688-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6566 BP P5660 EP P5660 AR 65660P DI 10.1117/12.720867 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGO63 UT WOS:000249046000020 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. BE Gorodetsky, V Zhang, C Skormin, VA Cao, L TI Emotional cognitive agents with adaptive ontologies SO Autonomous Intelligent Systems: Agents and Data Mining, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Autonomous Intelligent System - Agents and Data Mining CY JUN 03-05, 2007 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, US Off Naval Res Global, USA Int Technol, Russian Fdn Basic DE agents; emotion; cognition; differentiation; synthesis; evolution; language; culture; adaptive ontologies; dynamic logic ID LANGUAGE AB An unsolved problem in AIS is adaptive ontologies. Semantic Web requires flexible ontologies adaptive to user needs and to Web contents. The paper describes emotional intelligent agents with adaptive ontologies. Their emotions are essential part of intelligence and inseparable from cognition. Particular emotions important for adaptation are aesthetic emotions related to the knowledge instinct. We describe mathematical mechanisms involved, and analyze the role of emotions in cognition, language, and adaptive ontologies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72838-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4476 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGI30 UT WOS:000247306200025 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Vij, A Grabow, W Smith, DW Mabry, JM AF Iacono, Scott T. Vij, Ashwani Grabow, Wade Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Facile synthesis of hydrophobic fluoroalkyl functionalized silsesquioxane nanostructures SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; WETTABILITY; SURFACES; POLYMER; FABRICATION; TOPOGRAPHY; COPOLYMER; FRAMEWORK; POSS AB New fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) structures possessing a high degree of hydrophobicity have been prepared via a facile corner-capping methodology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Mabry, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 47 BP 4992 EP 4994 DI 10.1039/b712976a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 236XL UT WOS:000251336600002 PM 18049730 ER PT B AU Bahn, WL Baird, LC Collins, MD AF Bahn, William L. Baird, Leemon C., III Collins, Michael D. BE Savoie, M Aguilar, J Chu, HW Zinn, CD Mura, G Andina, D TI Impediments to systems thinking: communities separated by a common language SO CITSA 2007/CCCT 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL III, POST-CONFERENCE ISSUE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/5th Int Conf on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE systems thinking; Jam-resistant communications; interdisciplinary; communication ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS AB Systems-thinking requires participants to view problems, and their solutions, within the context of the overall system. When this involves participants from diverse professional communities, several barriers to effective communication can arise. As in all human communities, shorthand representations, such as specialized jargon, that aid in efficient and precise communications have developed. These shorthands rely on the common background of the participants, including common knowledge, perceptions, and assumptions about the field and its concepts, capabilities, and limitations. These shorthands can become a source of miscommunication when participants are from different communities. The development of concurrent coding theory has brought members of the network, information assurance, and communications communities together in ways unfamiliar to most. This is due to the manner in which the theory is applied to omnidirectional communications to mitigate hostile jamming without the use of shared secrets. Being novel and unconventional, several conflicting assumptions have been exposed. Here we discuss our experiences in recognizing, analyzing and overcoming many of these misconceptions, including our own, despite how surprisingly resilient some of them have proven to be. However, by adopting a systems-thinking approach and drawing upon most peoples' innate ability to think analogically, we have significantly improved our ability to convey our key concepts. C1 [Bahn, William L.; Baird, Leemon C., III] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bahn, WL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-24-4 PY 2007 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications GA BHL79 UT WOS:000254154400023 ER PT J AU Short, RW Chan, JL Choi, JM Egbert, BM Rehmus, WE Kimball, AB AF Short, R. W. Chan, J. L. Choi, J. M. Egbert, B. M. Rehmus, W. E. Kimball, A. B. TI Effects of moisturization on epidermal homeostasis and differentiation SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARRIER FUNCTION; SKIN AB Moisturizers are commonly used for routine skin care. This study assessed the effects of a moisturizer on barrier function, epidermal architecture, keratinocyte proliferation, and physiological regulation of the epidermis in photoaged but otherwise normal skin. Fifteen women with moderately photoaged forearms were treated twice a day for 4 weeks with a moisturizer containing dimethicone and glycerine. Baseline and post-treatment transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and ipsilateral forearm biopsies were obtained. Epidermal thickness, melanin levels, keratinocyte proliferation, and expression of keratins were evaluated. Induction of keratins 6 and 16, commonly associated with keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing, was observed. Epidermal thickness increased by 0.019 mm (P = 0.005), barrier function improved (TEWL decreased by 13%) and melanin intensity decreased (P = 0.004). Even nonxerotic, photoaged skin may appear younger, benefiting structurally and functionally from routine use of moisturizers containing dimethicone and glycerine. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Palo Alto VA Hosp, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Kimball, AB (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dermatol Clin Studies Unit, 221 Longwood Ave,1st Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM harvardskinstudies@partners.org NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6938 J9 CLIN EXP DERMATOL JI Clin. Exp. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02297.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 118QZ UT WOS:000242958100022 PM 17137484 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, J Ly, JQ Norman, E Costello, RF Beall, DP AF Ahluwalia, Jaspal Ly, Justin Q. Norman, Emily Costello, Richard F., Jr. Beall, Douglas P. TI Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia; cemento-osseous lesions; endosteal thickening; fibrous dysplasia; McCune-Albright syndrome AB Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is an orthopedic condition involving cemento-osseous lesions of jaw bones, sclerosis, bowing of tubular bones, and overall bone fragility. This is a case report of GDD in which an 18-year-old female presented with a several-year history of bony abnormalities of the jaw and long bones. Radiographs demonstrated endosteal thickening, bowing of long bones, and abnormalities of the skull. These findings, along with the patient's known maxillary region cementoma, led to a diagnosis of GDD. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Oklahoma Sports Sci & Othoped, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73103 USA. RP Ahluwalia, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, 10300 Strathmore Hall St 206, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM ahluwalia.2@osu.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.clinimag.2006.07.003 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 125UJ UT WOS:000243468100016 PM 17189853 ER PT J AU Nasir, JM Durning, SJ Johnson, RL Haigney, MC AF Nasir, Javed M. Durning, Steven J. Johnson, Roy L. Haigney, Mark C. TI Symptomatic hypervagotonia in a highly conditioned athlete SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypervagotonia; athlete; syncope; theophylline ID VENTRICULAR PAUSES; THEOPHYLLINE; ARRHYTHMIAS; BRADYCARDIA C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Haigney, MC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Room A3060,4301 Jones Brideg Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mhaigney@usuhs.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3180305ee2 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 128QL UT WOS:000243673000014 PM 17304011 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Waksman, JC AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Waksman, Javier C. TI Amitriptyline-induced Brugada pattern fails to respond to sodium bicarbonate SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physician Government Services Chapter Joint Services Symposium CY MAR, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys DE Brugada syndrome; tricyclic antidepressant; dysrhythmia; sodium bicarbonate ID ANTIDEPRESSANT OVERDOSE AB This report describes a Brugada electrocardiographic pattern after tricyclic antidepressant intoxication that fails to resolve following sodium bicarbonate treatment. A 50-year-old male ingested 13.6 grams of amitriptyline and presented in cardiopulmonary arrest. After initial resuscitation, the patient developed a Brugada electrocardiographic pattern. The pattern persisted despite intravenous administration of 700 mEq of sodium bicarbonate. Five hours after the last dose of sodium bicarbonate and 18 hours after initial presentation, the Brugada pattern resolved. No co-ingestants were ingested and an ischemic pattern was not seen on electrocardiogram. The serum amitriptyline level was > 1000 ng/ml. Response of the tricyclic-induced Brugada pattern to sodium bicarbonate has not been previously reported. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1080/15563650600981186 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138JT UT WOS:000244359600013 PM 17364640 ER PT J AU Lyons, KM Watson, KA Carter, CD Donbar, JM AF Lyons, K. M. Watson, K. A. Carter, C. D. Donbar, J. M. TI Upstream islands of flame in lifted-jet partially premixed combustion SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edge flames; flame stabilization; ignition; jet flames ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; STABILIZATION; TURBULENT; VELOCITY; FIELD; EDGE AB Contemporary interest exists in understanding the roles of leading edge flow deflection, secondary jet instabilities and islands of ignited gases in permitting lifted flames to stabilize. To assess these issues, elements of the leading-edge of a lifted turbulent jet flame have been investigated using laser-imaging techniques. Images of flame position, morphology and dynamics are presented primarily from CH planar laser-induced fluorescence (CH-PLIF) measurements. In particular, evidence of flame islands, or flame fragments, upstream of the bulk-flame leading edge are reported and discussed. This evidence is presented in the form of sequential CH-PLIF images and well as CH-PLIF/Rayleigh scattering images. Images showing thermal characteristics of the regions surrounding the edge flame are also described. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Pacific, Dept Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyons, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lyons@eos.ncsu.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1080/00102200600910858 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 171FJ UT WOS:000246720300010 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Kim, R Mollenhauer, D AF Iarve, E. V. Kim, R. Mollenhauer, D. TI Three-dimensional stress analysis and Weibull statistics based strength prediction in open hole composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE laminates; stress concentrations; statistical properties/methods; numerical analysis; open hole ID LAMINATED COMPOSITES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DAMAGE MODEL; FAILURE; TENSILE; STATE; RELIABILITY; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; PLATES AB The critical failure volume (CFV) method is proposed. CFV is defined as a finite subvolume in a material with general nonuniform stress distribution, which has the highest probability of failure, i.e. loss of load carrying capacity. The evaluation of the probability of failure of the subvolumes is performed based on the lowest stress and thus provides an estimate of the lower bound of the probability of local failure. An algorithm for identifying this region, based on isostress surface parameterization is proposed. It is shown that in the case of material with strength following Weibull weak link statistics such a volume exists and its location and size are defined both by the stress distribution and the scatter of strength. Moreover the probability of failure predicted by using the CFV method was found to be close to that predicted by using traditional Weibull integral method and coincide with it in the case of uniform stress fields and in the limit of zero scatter of strength. Experiments performed on homogeneous epoxy resin plaques with and without holes showed that the predictions bound the experimentally measured open hole strength. The Weibull parameters used for prediction were obtained from testing only unnotched specimens of different dimensions. The effect of the hole size on tensile strength of heterogeneous materials such as quasi-isotropic carbon-epoxy composite laminates was considered next. Fiber failure was the only failure mechanism taken into account and a strain-based failure criterion was used in the form of a two parameter Weibull distribution. The stacking sequence was selected to minimize the effect of stress redistribution due to subcritical damage. Not unexpectedly an up to 30% underprediction of the strength of the laminates with small (2.54 mm diameter) holes was observed by using classical Weibull integral method as well as Weibull based CFV method. It was explained by examining the size of the CFV, which appeared to be below Rosen's ineffective length estimate. The CFV method was modified to account for the presence of a limit scaling size of six ineffective lengths, consistent with recent Monte-Carlo simulations by Landis et al. [Landis CM, Beyerlin IJ, McMeeking RM. Micromechanical simulation of the failure of fiber reinforced composites. Mech Phys Solids 2000;48:621-48] and was able to describe the experimentally observed magnitude of the hole size effect on composite tensile strength in the examined range of 2.54-15.24 mm hole diameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X EI 1878-5840 J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.01.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 128BX UT WOS:000243632000021 ER PT J AU Schoeppner, GA Tandon, GP Ripberger, ER AF Schoeppner, G. A. Tandon, G. P. Ripberger, E. R. TI Anisotropic oxidation and weight loss in PMR-15 composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); anisotropy; environmental degradation; high-temperature properties ID ORGANIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; CARBON-FIBERS; STABILITY AB Durability and degradation mechanisms in composites are fundamentally influenced by the fiber, matrix, and interphase regions that constitute the composite domain. The thermo-oxidative behavior of the composite is significantly different from that of the fiber and matrix constituents as the composite microstructure, including the fiber matrix interphases/interfaces, introduces anisotropy in the diffusion behavior. In this work, unidirectional G30-500/PMR-15 composite specimens were aged at elevated temperatures in air resulting in oxidation propagation parallel and perpendicular to the fibers. Four different specimen geometries were chosen such that different surface area ratios (i.e., ratios of surface area perpendicular to the fibers to surface area parallel to the fibers) were obtained. Weight loss and volumetric changes were monitored as a function of aging time to study the high-temperature anisotropic oxidation process. Optical micrographs were taken on polished internal sections and viewed in the dark-field mode to measure the degree, depth and distribution of thermal oxidation development from surfaces perpendicular and parallel to the fibers. An empirically based weight loss model is investigated and used to predict weight loss in unidirectional and woven composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Greg.Schoeppner@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 890 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.07.006 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 138CJ UT WOS:000244340300025 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S He, P Shi, DL Narasimhadevara, S Yeo-Heung, Y Shanov, V Schulz, MJ AF Lee, Hyukjae Mall, Shankar He, Peng Shi, Donglu Narasimhadevara, Suhasini Yeo-Heung, Yun Shanov, Vesselin Schulz, Mark J. TI Characterization of carbon nanotube/nanofiber-reinforced polymer composites using an instrumented indentation technique SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nano-structures; mechanical properties; carbon nanofiber ID NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; MODULUS; FILMS; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS AB An instrumented indentation technique was tested on three types of carbon nanotube/nanofiber-reinforced composites to investigate its applicability for measuring mechanical properties (elastic modulus and hardness). There was good agreement in the measured elastic modulus between the instrumented indentation and uniaxial tension tests for the case of a nanocomposite with a harder epoxy matrix material. In contrast, there was a considerable difference in elastic modulus between the two tests for the case of a nanocomposite with a softer polystyrene matrix material. A modified area function was then developed for the nanocomposite with the softer polystyrene matrix material, and this eliminated the difference in elastic modulus between the two test techniques. Thus, the instrumented indentation technique can be used for evaluating the mechanical properties of polymer matrix nanocomposites with an added advantage that a small sample size can be used. The instrumented indentation test was also utilized in the case of a patterned nanotube array-reinforced epoxy matrix composite. This clearly showed the modulus of the array nanocomposite improved considerably compared to that of the neat epoxy resin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760749, Gyungbuk, South Korea. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Smart Mat Nanotechnol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 20 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.04.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 093PB UT WOS:000241179200006 ER PT S AU Basak, SC Gute, BD Geiss, KT Witzinann, FA AF Basak, Subhash C. Gute, Brian D. Geiss, Kevin T. Witzinann, Frank A. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Information-theoretic biodescriptors for proteomics maps: Applications to rodent hepatotoxicity SO COMPUTATION IN MODERN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 2, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Corfu, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn, Minist Natl Educ & Religious Affairs, E4 Comp Engn DE 2DE gel; biodescriptor; complexity; halocarbon; hepatotoxicity; information theory; map information content; proteomics; proteomics maps ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS AB This paper describes an approach using information theory to derive a complexity measure for proteomics maps generated using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE gel). The maps used in this study were partitioned into 5x5 grids and total protein abundance in each grid square was compared to the total abundance for the entire map. Next, Shannon's relation was applied to characterize the distribution of protein abundance across the entire map. Details of the approach are discussed, including an example of the calculations for one proteomics map containing 200 spots. Finally, results for the Map Information Content index are presented for a set of six maps calculated using 200, 500, and 1,400 protein spots. It is hoped that the application of information-theoretic techniques to characterize the complexity of these maps, thus reducing the amount of information presented to the researcher, will help in comparing maps containing a great deal of information and yield information useful in computational toxicology. C1 [Basak, Subhash C.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miler Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Geiss, Kevin T.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Witzinann, Frank A.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miler Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F49620-02-1-0138] FX This manuscript is contribution number 450 from the Center for Water and the Environment of the Natural Resources Research Institute. This material is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory, under agreement number F49620-02-1-0138.; The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endo rsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0476-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 2 BP 10 EP + PN A - B PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BHF06 UT WOS:000252602900003 ER PT S AU Repperger, DW Pinkus, AR Skipper, JA Schrider, CD AF Repperger, Daniel W. Pinkus, Alan R. Skipper, Julie A. Schrider, Christina D. BE Bouman, CA Miller, EL Pollak, I TI Object recognition via information-theoretic measures/metrics - art. no. 64980Z SO Computational Imaging V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging V CY JAN 29-31, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE object discrimination; information theory; mutual information; parsimonious information measures; metrics AB Discrimination of friendly or hostile objects is investigated using information-theory measures/metric in an image which has been compromised by a number of factors. In aerial military images, objects with different orientations can be reasonably approximated by a single identification signature consisting of the average histogram of the object under rotations. Three different information-theoretic measures/metrics are studied as possible criteria to help classify the objects. The first measure is the standard mutual information (MI) between the sampled object and the library object signatures. A second measure is based on information efficiency, which differs from MI. Finally an information distance metric is employed which determines the distance, in an information sense, between the sampled object and the library object. It is shown that the three (parsimonious) information-theoretic variables introduced here form an independent basis in the sense that any variable in the information channel can be uniquely expressed in terms of the three parameters introduced here. The methodology discussed is tested on a sample set of standardized images to evaluate their efficacy. A performance standardization methodology is presented which is based on manipulation of contrast, brightness, and size attributes of the sample objects of interest. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6611-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6498 BP Z4980 EP Z4980 AR 64980Z DI 10.1117/12.702504 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG58 UT WOS:000246686400027 ER PT S AU Disimile, PJ Pyles, JM Toy, N AF Disimile, P. J. Pyles, J. M. Toy, N. BE Mamoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Dynamic hydraulic jumps in oscillating containers SO Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow IV SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Mehtods in Multiphase Flow CY JUN 12-14, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico, WIT Transact Engn Sci DE hydraulic jump; multiphase flow; particle image velocimetry ID WATER AB When the liquid in a tank undergoes sudden movement, as in the case of a :Fuel tank in an aircraft or in a marine vessel, it may be subjected to as many as 6 degrees of freedom. Three of these are in rotation; yaw, pitch and roll, and three in translation; sway, surge, and heave. Work is currently being conducted on simulating the effects of the liquid motion under roll conditions i;1 a rectangular tank of dimensions 1.9 x 0.94 x 1.2 m(3) located on a 6 degree of freedom simulator capable of mimicking the movements typical of an aircrafts performance. At present, water is being used to investigate the fluid motion when subjected to oscillating roll frequency of 0.35 Hz and oscillation amplitudes of 2.42(0), 3.50(0), and 4.71(0) for different liquid depths. It has been found that under such motions, typical of those obtained within the flight envelope of military, private and commercial aircraft, a dynamic hydraulic jump can occur. This jump is out of phase with the roll motion and is produced as the fluid abruptly changes direction within the tank. As the tank reaches its lowest rotational position in the roll manoeuvre the fluid level at this point of the tank increases rapidly against the end wall causing splashing, resulting in bubble formation and a fine spray. This change in direction increases the fluid depth and this has to move against the residual oncoming fluid that is at a much lower depth, resulting in a very dynamic, moving, wave that breaks and forms into a hydraulic jump comprised of air and liquid mixing. This preliminary investigation into the characterization of this phenomenon using water shows that the spatial characteristics of the hydraulic jump and the dynamic range of the resultant spray are affected by the amplitude of the tank oscillation. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Disimile, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-079-8 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2007 VL 56 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.2495/MPF070271 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BGJ85 UT WOS:000247828100027 ER PT B AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Lin, Freeman C. BE Matthews, MB TI Performance analysis of the NAMF test in heterogeneous non-Gaussian radar clutter scenarios SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ADAPTIVE RADAR; NONHOMOGENEITY DETECTOR; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; INTERFERENCE; ENVIRONMENTS AB An important issue in radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is the selection of training data for estimation of the unknown disturbance covariance matrix. In this paper, we address the training data selection issue and analyze the performance of normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF) in heterogeneous non-Gaussian radar clutter scenarios. Simulations of the probability of detection (PD) versus signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the NAMF are conducted using Mountain Top data, which exhibit non-Gaussian statistics. To select the training data representative of the interference, we apply adaptive beamforming and show that PD versus SINR for NAMF is robust with respect to a wide range of variation in the beamformer output. To mitigate heterogeneous clutter, the self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood (SCRFML) algorithm is employed to regularize the eigen spectrum underlying the unknown disturbance covariance matrix. We demonstrate that the NAMF detection performance can be significantly improved with the application of SCRFML. C1 [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Lin, Freeman C.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 706 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900134 ER PT B AU Wicks, NC AF Wicks, Michael C. BE Matthews, MB TI RF Tomography with application to ground penetrating radar SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB RF Tomography and ground penetrating radar are combined to detect and identify hidden targets, such as underground facilities and hard and deeply buried targets. Past experience in below-ground imaging is described, current measurement results are presented, and future plans are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, NC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 2017 EP 2022 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172901121 ER PT J AU King, DR Driessnack, JD AF King, David R. Driessnack, John D. TI Analysis of competition in the defense industrial base: An F-22 case study SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Conference of the Western-Economics-Association-International CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Western Econ Assoc Int ID POLICY AB Consolidation of the defense industrial base has led to concerns about whether enough competition exists between remaining firms to maintain needed cost reduction and innovation. We examine competition in the U.S. defense industrial base by performing an in-depth case study of Lockheed Martin and the F-22 program that considers multiple tiers of the industrial base. We find that defense firm specialization has led to outsourcing practices and arguably a more robust U. S. defense industrial base. Implications for government policy are identified. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. MCR LLC, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP King, DR (reprint author), USAF, 1895 5th St,Bldg 46, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM nvest123@aol.com; jdriessnack@mcri.com RI King, David/B-2204-2012 OI King, David/0000-0001-8463-8439 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1093/cep/byl014 PG 10 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 132RW UT WOS:000243960900006 ER PT J AU Font, GI Morgan, WL AF Font, G. I. Morgan, W. L. TI Recent progress in dielectric barrier discharges for aerodynamic flow control SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Microplasmas (IWM 2006) CY MAY 09-11, 2006 CL Greifswald, GERMANY SP Inst Low Temp Plasma Phys eV, Inst Phys DE dielectric barrier discharge; flow control; plasma actuator ID PLASMA ACTUATOR; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; RESPONSES AB Plasma actuators are electrical devices that use an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge for flow control. They have been employed successfully to promote boundary layer attachment. Simulations have been carried out of a plasma actuator using Direct-Simulation-Monte-Carlo and Particle-in-Cell methods. This work summarizes some recent results including: 1) the method by which force is imparted by the actuator to the neutral flow, 2) the effect of electronegative gasses, such as oxygen, and 3) the effects on the neutral flow of the plasma force. C1 Kinema Res, Monument, CO 80132 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Font, GI (reprint author), Kinema Res, Monument, CO 80132 USA. EM gabriel.font@usafa.af.mil; morgan@kinema.com NR 24 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200710015 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 143QB UT WOS:000244736500014 ER PT S AU Bohn, CA AF Bohn, Christopher A. BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI Heuristics for Designing the Control of a UAV Fleet With Model Checking SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB We describe a pursuer-evader game played on a grid in which the pursuers can move faster than the evaders, but the pursuers cannot determine an evader's location except when a pursuer occupies the same grid cell as that evader. The pursuers' object is to locate all evaders, while the evader's object is to prevent collocation with any pursuer indefinitely. The game is loosely based on autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a limited field-of-view attempting to locate enemy vehicles on the ground, where the idea is to control a fleet of UAVs to meet the search objective. The requirement that the pursuers move without knowing the evaders' locations necessitates a model of the game that does not explicitly model the evaders. This has the positive benefit that the model is independent of the number of evaders (indeed, the number of evaders need not be known); however, this has the negative side-effect that the time and memory requirements to determine a pursuer-winning strategy is exponential in the size of the grid. We report significant improvements in the available heuristics to abstract the model further and reduce the time and memory needed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Software Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45385 USA. RP Bohn, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Software Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45385 USA. EM christopher.bohn@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200002 ER PT S AU Gilbert, HD Pack, DJ McGuirk, JS AF Gilbert, Harold D. Pack, Daniel J. McGuirk, Jeffrey S. BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI A Comparative Study of Target Localization Methods for Large GDOP SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB In this chapter, we present a comparative study on two algorithms to localize ground targets using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): an angle-of-arrival (AOA) emitter-location algorithm using triangulation techniques and an angle-rate algorithm. In particular, we focus on the performance of the two algorithms locating targets when a sensor platform is under a large Geographic Dilution of Precision (GDOP) condition. The large GDOP condition occurs when a target is seen by a sensor platform within a small included angle; the total included angle between Line-Of-Bearings (LOBs) is less than five degrees. The comparative study is a part of the United States Air Force Academy's Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) research project to develop a group of cooperative UAVs to search, detect, and localize moving ground targets. The GDOP conditions limit the accuracy of the AOA triangulation-emitter-location algorithm's accuracy due to the resulting highly elliptical probable error. In such cases, angle-rate algorithms should be used for better localization accuracy. Usually, a large GDOP condition is encountered during two important operational applications: (1) tasks that use slow-moving-sensor platforms, such as a small UAV, and (2) tasks involving short-up-time emitters that typically are not transmitting signals long enough for any sensor platform to open more than a small total included angle. We investigate the performance of the two algorithms as we vary the included angle for the sensor platform. The performances of angle-rate and triangulation algorithms are compared via MATLAB simulation to determine the preferred regions of operation. C1 [Gilbert, Harold D.; Pack, Daniel J.; McGuirk, Jeffrey S.] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gilbert, HD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM harold.gilbert@usafa.af.mil; daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil; Jeffery.mcguirk@usafa.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0; 978-3-540-48270-3 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200005 ER PT S AU Jeffcoat, DE Krokhmal, PA Zhupanska, OI AF Jeffcoat, David E. Krokhmal, Pavlo A. Zhupanska, Olesya I. BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI A Markov Chain Approach to Analysis of Cooperation in Multi-Agent Search Missions SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB We consider the effects of cueing in a cooperative search mission that involves several autonomous agents. Two scenarios are discussed: one in which the search is conducted by a number of identical search-and-engage vehicles, and one where these vehicles are assisted by a search-only (reconnaissance) asset. The cooperation between the autonomous agents is facilitated via cueing, i.e. the information transmitted to the agents by a searcher that has just detected a target. The effect of cueing on the target detection probability is derived from first principles using a Markov chain analysis. Exact solutions to Kolmogorov-type differential equations are presented, and existence of an upper bound on the benefit of cueing is demonstrated. C1 [Jeffcoat, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Krokhmal, Pavlo A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Zhupanska, Olesya I.] Univ Florida, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Jeffcoat, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil; krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu; zhupanska@gerc.eng.ufl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0; 978-3-540-48270-3 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200011 ER PT S AU Alexander, AM Jeffcoat, DE AF Alexander, Alice M. Jeffcoat, David E. BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI A Markov Analysis of the Cueing Capability/Detection Rate Trade-space in Search and Rescue SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB This chapter presents a search and rescue scenario modeled as a discrete-state, continuous-time Markov process. In this scenario, there are two vehicle types: search-only vehicles capable of searching for persons in distress, but not engaging or rescuing them, and search-and-engage vehicles with the capability both to search and to rescue. All vehicles have two-way communication with other vehicles. Both vehicle types can search independently, but information provided by other vehicles improves their detection capability. We develop a Markov model and use matrix exponentiation to numerically determine the transient state probabilities for the system. We use as a measure of effectiveness the time required for at least two search-and-engage vehicles to arrive on scene with a threshold probability. We then analyze the trade-space between cueing capability and vehicle detection rates. C1 [Alexander, Alice M.; Jeffcoat, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Alexander, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM alice.alexander@eglin.af.mil; david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200012 ER PT S AU Commander, CW Oliveira, CAS Pardalos, PM Resende, MGC AF Commander, Clayton W. Oliveira, Carlos A. S. Pardalos, Panos M. Resende, Mauricio G. C. BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI A One-Pass Heuristic for Cooperative Communication in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB Ad hoc networks have been used in the last few years to provide communications means among agents that need to accomplish common goals. Due to the importance of communication for the success of such missions, we study the problem of maximizing communication among a set of agents. As a practical tool to solve such problems, we introduce a one-pass randomized algorithm that maximizes the total communication, as measured by the proposed objective function. Agents in this problem are routed along the edges of a graph, connecting their individual starting nodes to their respective destination nodes. This problem, known as the Cooperative Communication Problem in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, is known to be NP-hard. We present a new heuristic and motivate the need for more advanced methods for the solution of this problem. In particular, we describe 1) a construction algorithm and 2) a local improvement method for maximizing communication. Computational results for the proposed approach are provided, showing that instances of realistic size can be efficiently solved by the algorithm. C1 [Commander, Clayton W.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Commander, Clayton W.; Pardalos, Panos M.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Oliveira, Carlos A. S.] Management Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Ind Engn, Stillwater, OK USA. [Resende, Mauricio G. C.] Internet & Network Syst Res Ctr AT&T Labs Res, Florham Pk, NJ USA. RP Commander, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM clayton.commander@eglin.af.mil; coliv@okstate.edu; pardalos@ufl.edu; mgcr@research.att.com FU NSF; U.S. Air Force; Measurement & Control Engineering Center/NSF FX The first and third authors have been partially supported by NSF andU.S. Air Force grants. The second author has been partially supported by a grant from the Measurement & Control Engineering Center/NSF. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0; 978-3-540-48270-3 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 285 EP 296 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200017 ER PT S AU Shima, T Chandler, P Pachter, M AF Shima, Tal Chandler, Phillip Pachter, Meir BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI Decentralized Estimation for Cooperative Phantom Track Generation SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB A decentralized estimation-decision strategy is derived for a team of electronic combat air vehicles (ECAVs) deceiving a network of radars. For the deception, a phantom target track is cooperatively generated by each ECAV applying range delay on the individual radar pulses. To continuously obtain a feasible phantom track, the team must tightly coordinate the phantom's trajectory so as not to violate any of the system constraints. The coordination is performed by a decentralized decision process for which each ECAV periodically transmits its constraints on feasible tracks. To perform the decision process with minimal communication between the ECAVs, a decentralized estimation algorithm is proposed where each ECAV continuously estimates the states of its teammates and their respective radar position based on their individual transmitted constraints. Thus, all the information obtained in the individual messages is extracted and group coordination is obtained. Moreover, if there are gaps in communication the team coordination can be maintained. Simulation results confirm the viability of the proposed decentralized estimation-decision team strategy. C1 [Shima, Tal; Chandler, Phillip] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shima_tal@yahoo.com; phillip.chandler@wpafb.af.mil; pachter@afit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0; 978-3-540-48270-3 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 339 EP 350 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200020 ER PT S AU York, GWP Pack, DJ Harder, J AF York, George W. P. Pack, Daniel J. Harder, Jens BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, P Prokopyev, O TI Comparison of Cooperative Search Algorithms for Mobile RF Targets Using Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 20-22, 2005 CL Gainesville, FL SP Air Force Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Univ Florida, Coll Engn AB In this chapter, we compare two cooperative control algorithms for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to search, detect, and locate multiple mobile RF (Radio Frequency) emitting ground targets. We assume the UAVs are equipped with low-precision RF direction finding sensors with no ranging capability and the targets may emit signals randomly with variable duration. In the first algorithm the UAVs search a large area cooperatively until a target is detected. Once a target is detected, each UAV uses a cost function to determine whether to continue searching to minimize overall search time or to cooperate in localization of the target, joining in a proper orbit for precise triangulation to increase localization accuracy. In the second algorithm the UAVs fly in formations of three for both search and target localization. The first algorithm minimizes the total search time, while the second algorithm minimizes the time to localize targets after detection. Both algorithms combine a set of intentional cooperative rules with individual UAV behaviors optimizing a performance criterion to search a large area. This chapter will compare the total search time and localization accuracy generated by multiple UAVs using the two algorithms simulations as we vary ratios of the numbers of UAVs to the number of targets. C1 [York, George W. P.; Pack, Daniel J.; Harder, Jens] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP York, GWP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM george.york@usafa.af.mil; daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 978-3-540-48271-0; 978-3-540-48270-3 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 2007 VL 588 BP 387 EP 403 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLT69 UT WOS:000270990200023 ER PT J AU Racicot, RJ Crouch, CD Rauch, ME AF Racicot, R. J. Crouch, C. D. Rauch, M. E. TI Microbial influenced corrosion studies of Bacillus licheniformis on AA2024 aluminum alloys SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Conference on Corrosion in the Military CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY AB Jet fuel is frequently contaminated with microorganisms that can cause corrosion of fuel tanks. The wing tank bottom and sides are affected by the growth of a biological sludge associated with the condensed water. The behavior of AA2024 aluminum alloy in a culture of one of the principal contaminates, the bacteria Bacillus Licheniformis (BL), is determined. Comparative results of cyclic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies are presented on sterile controls and inoculated electrochemical cells. Surface changes on the alloy, influenced from the bacteria's presence, are shown from results of scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive system (EDS) analysis. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Racicot, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 147RE UT WOS:000245019300008 ER PT B AU Hogue, I McQuay, W AF Hogue, Isaac McQuay, William BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI A collaborative framework for multi-modal information exchange in varying environments SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE multi-modal information exchange; collaboration framework; XML-based plugins; grid application; services framework AB This research and development report describes the progress achieved to-date in building a multi-modal collaboration framework for use in varying environments. The Framework developed is funded in full by the Department of Defense as a Small Business Innovative Research Phase (SBIR) II effort. During the period of performance the proposed Framework is expected to be applied to relevant environments for evaluation and testing. Currently, the Multi-modal Advanced Technologies for Real-time Information eXchange (MATRIX) framework has been used by, the Air Force Research Laboratory for human to human, resource to resource, and human to resource collaboration. The branch was able to customize the framework such that their domain specific modeling and simulation tools were added as plugins. The ongoing development of the MATRIX Framework promises a multi-modal collaborative framework for use in varying environments. C1 [Hogue, Isaac] Peerless Technol Corp, 2300 Natl Rd, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [McQuay, William] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McQuay, William] AFRL, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hogue, I (reprint author), Peerless Technol Corp, 2300 Natl Rd, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM Issac.Hogue@epeerless.com; William.McQuay@wpafb.af.mil FU DoD SBIR FX This work continues to be supported by the DoD SBIR program as Phase II Research and Development. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Jong Hwang, Major J. Manternach, R. Ehret and R. Garcia of AFRL/IFSD, D. Bridges and K. Mostashfi from Peerless Technologies, G. Whitted, C. Ward , and C. Kinzig from Ball Aerospace and R.A.Allen, S.Allen, M. Eubanks, and A.Roe from Iformatta Communications for their contributions to this work. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 159 EP + DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621752 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000022 ER PT B AU Burneka, C Whited, V Curtis, C Barthol, D AF Burneka, Christopher Whited, Vaughan Curtis, Christopher Barthol, Derrick BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Collaboration technology impaction on flightline maintenance SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE collaboration; aircraft maintenance; requirement analysis; system development AB Inflightline maintenance, collaboration is an important factor in the maintainer's quest to complete a difficult or unusual repair. When the Aircraft Maintenance Intuitive Troubleshooting (AMIT) research project design team was evaluating collaboration technologies to incorporate within the AMIT Job Performance Aid (JPA), three questions kept coming to mind. First, what is truly needed? Second, what will improve performance? Thirdly, what would the end user prefer? To obtain these answers, the research team hosted several Aircraft Maintenance User Group (AMUG) sessions and Design Consideration Tests (DCTs) to identify both user preferences and performance issues associated with various collaborative tools that could be used in the flightline maintenance arena. Based on the results of this work, the team selected a text-based messaging system to embed in the final AMIT interface. The text-based system was a simple, yet effective method to solve many collaboration issues in flightline maintenance. The AMIT team then embarked on a 4 month constrained field test of the final AMIT JPA prototype at Luke Air Force Base to measure performance improvements between current processes (Without-AMIT) and future processes (With-AMIT). The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the results of the collaboration segment of the field test. C1 [Burneka, Christopher; Whited, Vaughan; Curtis, Christopher; Barthol, Derrick] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burneka, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christopher.Burneka@wpafb.af.mil; Vaughan.Whited@wpafb.af.mil; Chris.Curtis@wpafb.af.mil; Derrick.Barthol@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621753 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000023 ER PT B AU Kristof, D Jones, K Patrick, D Ramsey, J AF Kristof, Dale Jones, Keith Patrick, Dale Ramsey, Jeffry BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Complex problems: What makes them complex and difficult to solve? SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposiu no Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE complex; systems engineering; sociology of science; knowledge AB This paper discusses the topics of complex systems, complex adaptive systems, and complex problems. For network-centric warfare (NCW) using complex systems, it is necessary to develop collaborative technological systems that function within a cybernetic organismic network (CON) according to holistic systems engineering and nonlinear stochastic processes. Consequently, there are differences between how issues and problems are processed Issues are people-oriented problems that interfere with technology development. Problems are related to technology itself and can be more easily resolved To develop collaborative technology systems that function within a CON and perform NCW requires holistic systems engineering and nonlinear reasoning about agents thinking, learning, and adapting accordingly. C1 [Kristof, Dale; Jones, Keith; Patrick, Dale; Ramsey, Jeffry] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kristof, D (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621758 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000028 ER PT B AU Turner, IL Jones, KW AF Turner, I. Leon Jones, Keith W. BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI User-centric innovations: A survey part 1 SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE user-centric; sociology of science and knowledge; organizational behavior AB Technological requirements drive innovation and improvement without considering user-centered requirements which relate to the customer. Designs seem related to "technological requirements" and not "user-centered requirements. Case studies, trends and engineering education system illustrate growing importance of customer requirements. Recommend social scientists act as interpreters for customer requirements. Conclude machines and devices transformed to software-defined functions require critical thought. C1 [Turner, I. Leon; Jones, Keith W.] Freescale Semicond Inc, US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Turner, IL (reprint author), Freescale Semicond Inc, US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM leon.turner@ieee.org; Keith.Jones@wpafb.af-mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 212 EP + DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621759 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000029 ER PT B AU Kallurkar, S Yu, B Askren, J Fishgold, L Vaidyanathan, G Steiner, D Flo, R AF Kallurkar, Srikanth Yu, Bin Askren, Jay Fishgold, Lewis Vaidyanathan, Ganesh Steiner, Donald Flo, Robert BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI AIMS: An agent-based information management system in JBI-like environments SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE Joint Battlespace Infosphere(JBI); information sharing; software agents; trust; pedigree ID TRUST AB One of the challenges for many mission-critical applications is how to determine the quality of information from distributed and heterogeneous data sources. In this paper we consider Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) or JBI-like collaborative information sharing environments, where the quality of published information often depends on the quality of the contributing information and of the sources that publish them. However as the environment becomes larger and more diverse, it is becoming increasingly difficult for human operators to assess the quality of information from various data sources. To address this challenge, we develop AIMS, an Agent-based Information Management System, to manage the quality of information in JBI-like environments, e.g., information trustworthiness. In our approach, each operator is associated with a software agent, called client agent. The client agent enables its operator to interact with the JBI repository via the services of query, publish, and subscribe. Moreover the client agent collaborates with other agents to assess and learn the trustworthiness of information and the reliabilities of corresponding data sources from its pedigree and the feedback from operators. C1 [Kallurkar, Srikanth; Yu, Bin; Askren, Jay; Fishgold, Lewis; Vaidyanathan, Ganesh; Steiner, Donald] Quantum Leap Innovat Inc, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Flo, Robert] Air Force Res Lab, IFSB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kallurkar, S (reprint author), Quantum Leap Innovat Inc, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM svk@quantumleap.us; byu@quantumleap.us; jda@quantumleap.us; lhf@quantumleap.us; gv@quantumleap.us; dds@quantumleap.us; Robert.Flo@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [DFARS 252.227-7018] FX This research has been sponsored in part by AFRL Grant DFARS 252.227-7018. We gratefully acknowledge anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 289 EP + DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621767 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000037 ER PT B AU Seyba, JR Mullins, BE Bonafede, GL AF Seyba, Jason R. Mullins, Barry E. Bonafede, Gregory L. BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Audio-video capacity of an IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE mobile and wireless collaborative systems; collaborative applications AB Simulation results and an analytical model of an application that uses both audio and video in an IEEE 802.11g wireless network are presented in this paper. Consideration of the effect of the Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) and the type of video codec on the quality of the voice channel is examined Analytical and simulation results suggest that five terminals each running four 352x288 pixel video displays at 30 frames per second are still able to send and receive high quality G.711 audio content. C1 [Seyba, Jason R.; Mullins, Barry E.; Bonafede, Gregory L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seyba, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.Seyba@wpafb.af.mil; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu; Gregory.Bonafede@wpqfb.qf.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 372 EP + DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621777 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000047 ER PT J AU Smith, JS McKee, M AF Smith, Jeffrey S. McKee, Michael TI 'People or prairie chickens' revisited: Stated preferences with explicit non-market trade-offs SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE encroachment; choice modeling; mixed logit; military readiness; endangered species ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; CONTINGENT VALUATION; VEHICLE IMPACTS; MIXED LOGIT; MODELS; VEGETATION; VALUES AB Urban sprawl has led to increasing prevalence of endangered species on military training facilities throughout the United States. Provisions of the Endangered Species Act imply encroachment interrupts military training activities and may affect military readiness. Endangered species protection and military training are competing non-market goods. This paper reports the estimates of public valuation of military training activities incorporating explicit tradeoffs associated with endangered species protection. Our results suggest the public is willing to pay to alleviate conflicts between endangered species and the military. The public values for continued survival of endangered species approximately equal those for military readiness. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Econ & Finance, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Econ, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Econ & Finance, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.1080/10242690600924661 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 165VC UT WOS:000246333100002 ER PT S AU Milligan, JR AF Milligan, James R. BE Suresh, R TI Semantic mediation and transformation services: Perspectives on military application areas - art. no. 65780G SO Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE semantics; interoperability; information transformation; service mediation; net-centricity AB Semantic technology is becoming an increasingly viable solution to interoperability problems that arise as user communities seek to interact within and across information spaces such as those that ride on the Global Information Grid (GIG).(1) Semantically-aware cross-domain information transformation and service mediation capabilities can be used to improve interactions between diverse Communities of Interest (COIS) and the software applications that service them.(2) This paper is not so much about the details of the technology itself, but is intended rather to focus on the operational domains in which interoperability problems and needs exist for the warfighter that are likely to benefit from the application of semantic technologies. It attempts to unveil military application areas against which technological solutions could be developed by academia, industry, and other technology experts to forge a path toward semantic interoperability and, ultimately, information superiority.(3) It then provides an over-view of on-going and possible future areas of semantic technology research and development being pursued by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) located in Rome, NY. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13445 USA. RP Milligan, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13445 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6700-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6578 BP G5780 EP G5780 AR 65780G DI 10.1117/12.717932 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGJ63 UT WOS:000247648100014 ER PT S AU Staskevich, GR Milligan, JR Clark, TA AF Staskevich, Gennady R. Milligan, James R. Clark, Thomas A. BE Suresh, R TI Composition Modeling Framework (CMF) - art. no. 65780I SO Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE composition; model; fragment; element; XML; schema; COI; ontology AB In this paper, we propose the Composition Modeling Framework (CMF) as a standards-based information engineering methodology that tackles existing and emerging Department of Defense (DoD) interoperability problems using a bottom-up approach. We introduce CMF capabilities within the context of an information space composed of repositories and a catalog that enables consumers' and producers' information requirements to be met.(1) This information space supports dynamic and unscripted interaction among various producers and consumers, but its power as an information management tool is best harnessed when its participants share common goals operating in unison as a Community of Interest (COI). We present the CMF as one approach for representing the structure, meaning and abstract implementation of the underlying information space that services a COI and its participants. In addition to facilitating intra-COI interoperability, we demonstrate how CMF concepts can be used to construct cross-domain interoperability solutions by supporting inter-COI communication and understanding. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Staskevich, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSE, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6700-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6578 BP I5780 EP I5780 AR 65780I DI 10.1117/12.718123 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGJ63 UT WOS:000247648100016 ER PT J AU Harris, F Rangaswamy, M AF Harris, Fred Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Untitled SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Harris, F (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2006.11.005 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 126YN UT WOS:000243551700001 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Byrd, JC AF Desjardins, Daniel D. Byrd, James C. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Air vehicle displays in the operational environment - art. no. 655802 SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE displays; performance parameters; operational environment; warfighter; technologies; custom; ruggedized; commercial off-the-shelf AB Displays in the operational environment can be direct-view or virtual-view, and are analyzed in terms of a broad range of performance parameters. These parameters include image area, field of view, eye-relief, weight and power, luminance and contrast ratio, night vision goggle compatibility (type and class), resolution (pixels per inch or line pairs per milliradian), image intensification, viewing angle, grayscale (shades or levels), dimming range, video capability (frame rate, refresh), operating and storage altitude, operating and storage temperature range, shock and vibration limits, mean time between failure, color vs. monochrome, and display engine technology. This study further looks at design class: custom, versus rugged commercial, versus commercial off-the-shelf designs and issues such as whether the design meets requirements for the operational environment and modes of use, ease of handling, failure modes and soldier recommended upgrades. C1 Aeronaut Syst Ctr, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP 55802 EP 55802 AR 655802 DI 10.1117/12.717687 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200001 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, Peter L. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Short wave infrared imager cockpit interface issues - art. no. 65580F SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE night vision; night-vision goggle; NVG; short wave infrared; SWIR; night vision imaging system; NVIS AB With the introduction of the night-vision goggle (NVG) into vehicle cockpits, the transfer of visual information to the observer became more complex. This problem stems primarily from the fact that the image intensifier tube photocathode was sensitive to much of the visible spectrum. NVGs were capable of sensing and amplifying visible cockpit light, making the observation of the scene outside of the cockpit, the primary use for NVGs. difficult if not impossible. One solution was to establish mutually exclusive spectral bands; a band of shorter wavelengths reserved for transmission of visible information from the cockpit instrumentation to the observer and a longer wavelength region left to the night vision goggle for imaging the night environment. Several documents have been published outlining the night vision imaging system (NVIS) compatible lighting performance enabling this approach, seen as necessary for military and civilian aviation. Recent advances in short wave infrared (SWIR) sensor technology make it a possible alternative to the image intensifiers for night imaging application. However, application-specific integration issues surrounding the new sensor type must still be thoroughly investigated. This paper examines the impact of the SWIR spectral sensitivity on several categories of lighting found in vehicle cockpits and explores cockpit integration issues that may arise from the SWIR spectral sensitivity. C1 AFRL, HECV, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP F5580 EP F5580 AR 65580F DI 10.1117/12.721065 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200011 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG Meyer, FM Longo, SJ Trissell, TL AF Hopper, Darrel G. Meyer, Frederick M. Longo, Sam J. Trissell, Terry L. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Stainless steel display evaluation - art. no. 665580G SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE active matrix organic light emitting diode; stainless steel foil; thin film transistors; phosphorescent AB Active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) technology is one candidate to become a low power alternative in some applications to the currently dominant, active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD), technology. Furthermore, fabrication of the AMOLED on stainless steel (SS) foil rather than the traditional glass substrate, while presenting a set of severe technical challenges, opens up the potential for displays that are both lighter and less breakable. Also, transition to an SS foil substrate may enable rollable displays-large when used but small for stowage within gear already worn or carried or installed. Research has been initiated on AMOLED/SS technology and the first 320 x 240 color pixel 4-in. demonstration device has been evaluated in the AFRL Display Test and Evaluation Laboratory. Results of this evaluation are reported along with a research roadmap. C1 AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP G5580 EP G5580 AR 665580G DI 10.1117/12.716667 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200012 ER PT S AU Reis, GA Havig, PR Heft, EL McIntire, JP Bell, WD AF Reis, George A. Havig, Paul R. Heft, Eric L. McIntire, John P. Bell, William D. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Color and shape perception on the perspecta 3D volumetric display - art. no. 65580I SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE color; shape; perception; perspecta; 3D; volumetric display AB Volumetric displays allow users to view freely three-dimensional (3D) imagery without special eyewear. However, due to low display resolution, many colors appear distorted compared to their representation on a flat-panel display. In addition, due to the unique nature of the display, some shapes, objects, and orientations can also appear distorted. This study examines the perceptual range of virtual objects in a Perspecta 3D volumetric display to determine which combination of object type, size, and color produces the best 3D image. Participants viewed combinations composed of three object types (vertical square plane, empty cube, filled cube) x three sizes (small, medium, large) X seven colors (aqua, blue, green, purple, red, white, yellow). They named the color of the object and then rated the uniformity of the color, the quality of the shape, amount of visual flicker, and the solidity of the object. All dependent measures except the rating of solidity exhibited various main and interaction effects among object type, size, and color. C1 AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reis, GA (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP I5580 EP I5580 AR 65580I DI 10.1117/12.720922 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200014 ER PT S AU Havig, P Aleva, D Reis, G Moore, J McIntire, J AF Havig, Paul Aleva, Denise Reis, George Moore, Jason McIntire, John BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Metries for 3D displays - art. no. 65580J SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE 313; display; metrics; image quality ID IMAGE QUALITY; PERCEPTUAL CHARACTERIZATION; OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; NOISE; BLUR AB There has been much research on many different aspects of image quality for 2D displays. These range from objective type metrics (e.g, luminance contrast, saturation contrast, resolution, etc.) to more subjective metrics (e.g,. "Rate the quality of the display from 1-5 ''), to metrics in between (subjective-objective) in which observers are asked to perform a task and their performance determines the "goodness" of the display. We would like to start identifying these similar types of metrics for 3D displays. In this case many of the traditional metrics do not work. We first discuss some of the more objective metrics including system specifications and measurable data. Secondly, we discuss both subjective (e.g., rating measures) and subjective-objective (e.g., experimental task) metrics that have been used in the past, and how well they may work for our situation. We also discuss developing new metrics of these types. We finally discuss what we feel is the way forward in the hopes of generating discussion for future research to help display manufacturers in their endeavors for designing new and innovative 3D displays. C1 AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, P (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI McIntire, John/0000-0002-9388-6028 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP J5580 EP J5580 AR 65580J DI 10.1117/12.720927 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200015 ER PT S AU Kannan, R Wei, SQ Chakravarthy, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kannan, Rajgopal Wei, Shuangqing Chakravarthy, Vasu Rangaswamy, Murali BE Aspnes, J Scheideler, C Arora, A Madden, S TI A fully polynomial approximation algorithm for collaborative relaying in sensor networks under finite rate constraints SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE Tech Comm Parallel Proc, IEEE Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Univ Geneva, Ctr Univ Informat, TCS Sensor Lab, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci ID LOCATION-PROBLEMS; LINE AB We take an algorithmic approach to a well-known communication channel problem and develop several algorithms for solving it. Specifically, we develop power control algorithms for sensor networks with collaborative relaying under bandwidth constraints, via quantization of finite rate (bandwidth limited) feedback channels. We first consider the power allocation problem under collaborative relaying where the tradeoff between minimizing ones own energy expenditure and the energy for relaying is considered under the constraints of packet outage probability and bandwidth constrained (finite rate) feedback. Then we develop bandwidth constrained quantization algorithms (due to the finite rate feedback) that seek the optimal way of quantizing channel quality and power values in order to minimize the total average transmission power and satisfy the given probability of outage. We develop two kinds of quantization protocols and associated quantization algorithms. For separate source-relay quantization, we reduce the problem to the well-known k-median problem [11 on line graphs and show a a simple O((K-j)N-2) polynomial time algorithm, where log(2) K-j is the quantization bandwidth and N is the size of the discretized parameter space. For joint quantization, we first develop a simple 2-factor approximation of complexity O(K-j N + N log N). Then, for epsilon > 0, we develop a fully polynomial approximation scheme (FPAS) that approximates the optimal quantization cost to within an 1 + epsilon-factor. The running time of the FPAS is polynomial in 1/epsilon, size of the input N and also In F, where F is the maximum available transmit power. C1 [Kannan, Rajgopal] Louisiana State Univ, Dept CS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wei, Shuangqing] Louisiana State Univ, Dep ECE, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rangaswamy, Murali] US Air Force, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kannan, R (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept CS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NSF [IIS-0329738, ITR-0312632]; AFRL [F33615-02-D-1283, 05-2D1005.001] FX This work was supported by NSF grants IIS-0329738, ITR-0312632 and by AFRL under contract #F33615-02-D-1283 (sub #05-2D1005.001). The opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and independent of the sponsoring agencies. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73089-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4549 BP 338 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BGJ98 UT WOS:000247855100023 ER PT J AU Atkins, BZ Fortes, DL Watkins, KT AF Atkins, B. Zane Fortes, Daniel L. Watkins, Kevin T. TI Analysis of respiratory complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy: Preliminary observation of persistent aspiration risk SO DYSPHAGIA LA English DT Article DE esophagectomy; esophagus; laparoscopic surgery; aspiration pneumonia; deglutition; deglutition disorders ID TRANSHIATAL ESOPHAGECTOMY; THORACOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY; CANCER; ESOPHAGUS; MORTALITY; RESECTION; PREVALENCE; DYSPHAGIA; OUTCOMES; SURGERY AB Minimally invasive (MI) esophageal resection (ER) has the theoretical advantage of reduced postoperative complications compared with standard ER. However, the impact of MIER on rates and severity of pulmonary complications is unclear. Four patients underwent laparoscopic gastroesophageal mobilization and resection followed by gastric pullup and cervical esophageal anastomosis (MIER). Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) assessed pharyngolaryngeal function postoperatively. All postoperative complications were documented. Each MIER was completed successfully without intraoperative complications. Mean operative time was 4.3 +/- 2 h. Postoperatively, VFSS detected laryngeal penetration, vocal cord paralysis, and/or aspiration in three patients, two of whom experienced severe respiratory complications. MIER patients are susceptible to aspiration, likely due to transient denervation of the pharynx and laryngeal structures. Following MIER, aggressive pulmonary toilet and aspiration precautions are emphasized to reduce pulmonary complications. Furthermore, serial evaluation of deglutition is encouraged to guide the safe and appropriate resumption of oral feeding. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Atkins, BZ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 31011, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM bz.atkins@duke.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-051X J9 DYSPHAGIA JI Dysphagia PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s00455-006-9042-7 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 132SN UT WOS:000243962600009 PM 17080267 ER PT J AU Yago, K Shiokawa, K Yumoto, K Baishev, DG Solovyev, SI Rich, FJ AF Yago, K. Shiokawa, K. Yumoto, K. Baishev, D. G. Solovyev, S. I. Rich, F. J. TI Simultaneous DMSP, all-sky camera, and IMAGE FUV observations of the brightening are at a substorm pseudo-breakup SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE substorm; auroral initial brightening; auroral particle; DMSP ID PI-2 MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; CURRENT DISRUPTION; FLOW; STATIONS; ONSETS; ARCS AB Auroral particles, field-aligned currents, and plasma convections in the vicinity of the brightening arc at substorm onset are still not well understood, since it is very rare to have conjugate satellite measurements above the brightening arc. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of auroral particles and fields associated with the brightening arc at a pseudo-onset of substorm on October 31, 2000, using ground all-sky TV images, IMAGE FUV auroral images, and particle, magnetic field, and plasma flow data obtained by the DMSP F12 satellite. The arc brightening at Tixie (66.0 degrees MLAT), Russia, occurred at 1004 UT (18.75 MLT) coincident with a coherent Pi 2 pulsation at midlatitudes and with the DMSP crossing above the arc. The brightening arc did not develop on a global scale, indicating that this event is a pseudo auroral breakup, which occurred similar to 16 min before the major substorm expansion onset. IMAGE auroral images indicate that the longitude of the brightening center was similar to 2.5 h nightside of Tixie. The DMSP data show that the precipitating particles associated with the brightening arc correspond to an electron inverted-V structure at the equatorward edge of the electron precipitation region. The arc was located in the energetic (> 1 keV) ion precipitation region, near the equatorward boundary of the upward region 1 field-aligned current, and at the peak of the sunward convection velocity. These facts indicate that the brightening arc at duskside of the onset local time was located in the inner plasma sheet at the inner edge of the region 1 current source in the sunward convection region. C1 Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 812, Japan. YG Shafer Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron, Yakutsk, Russia. USAF, Geophys Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Japan. RP Shiokawa, K (reprint author), Konica Minolta, Fukuroi, Japan. EM shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Baishev, Dmitry/D-3018-2013 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 153ZI UT WOS:000245476200006 ER PT B AU Gilgenbach, RM Hoff, BW Lau, YY Jordan, NM White, W Zier, JC Gomez, MR Cruz, E Spencer, TA Price, D AF Gilgenbach, R. M. Hoff, B. W. Lau, Y. Y. Jordan, N. M. White, W. Zier, J. C. Gomez, M. R. Cruz, E. Spencer, T. A. Price, D. GP IEEE TI Magnetic priming of a relativistic magnetron by ferromagnetic wires in the ana SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Gilgenbach, R. M.; Hoff, B. W.; Lau, Y. Y.; Jordan, N. M.; White, W.; Zier, J. C.; Gomez, M. R.; Cruz, E.] Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spencer, T. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Price, D.] L 3 Commun Titan Div, San Leandro, CA USA. RP Gilgenbach, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu FU AFOSR; AFRL; AFOSR-MURI Program on Cathode; L-3 Communications and Northrop-Grumman Corporation FX This research was supported by AFOSR, AFRL and the AFOSR-MURI Program on Cathode and Window Breakdown for High Power Microwave Sources. Support from L-3 Communications and Northrop-Grumman Corporation is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500206 ER PT S AU Orson, JA Hague, TN AF Orson, Jay A. Hague, Tyler N. BE Kamerman, GW Steinvall, OK Lewis, KL Krapels, KA Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Battlefield innovation: A case-study of remote sensor development - art. no. 673902 SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, AND PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Detection, and Photonic Technologies and Their Applications CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe DE remote sensing; quick reaction capabilities; disruptive architectural innovation; innovation champion; airborne intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance AB Evolving threats encountered by coalition forces in Operation Iraqi Freedom drive the need for innovations in airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities. In many cases, disruptive capabilities are created by linking existing technologies and new radical technologies in a novel way. Some of the radical technologies used in achieving these disruptive capabilities are existing prototypes or one-of-a-kind systems that are thrust into the field to quickly react to emerging threats. Homed Owl is one such rapidly developed innovative technical solution designed to meet immediate battlefield needs. This paper focuses on two key areas of this initiative. The first is the innovation champion establishing a collaborative environment which fosters creativity and allows the project to mature the disruptive capability. The second is the practical implication, or challenges of deploying experimental systems in a battlefield environment. Discussions of these two areas provide valuable lessons to guide future innovation champions when presented with the dual task of balancing system maturation with meeting operational demand. Contents of this paper are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, or the Department of the Air Force. C1 [Orson, Jay A.; Hague, Tyler N.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Orson, JA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6897-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6739 BP 73902 EP 73902 DI 10.1117/12.739030 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHJ88 UT WOS:000253668100001 ER PT S AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Wofford, JM Siwecki, SA Cook, G Evans, DR Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, R. L. Tondiglia, V. P. Natarajan, L. V. Wofford, J. M. Siwecki, S. A. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. Lloyd, P. F. Bunning, T. J. BE Chien, LC TI Liquid crystal Bragg gratings: Dynamic optical elements for spatial light modulators - art. no. 64870V SO Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies II CY JAN 21-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE spatial light modulators; Bragg gratings; liquid crystals ID THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; REFLECTION GRATINGS; HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; PHOTOREFRACTIVES; AMPLIFICATION; ANGLES; CELLS AB Bragg gratings yield a single diffracted order when irradiated by a coherent beam at the appropriate Bragg angle. In many cases, nearly all of the energy of the incident beam can be coupled to the diffracted beam. Hence these gratings can form many useful optical elements, and this has been realized in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D photonic crystals. Bragg gratings made with liquid crystals offer the added dimension of dynamic properties through the large electro-optical effect in liquid crystals. Applications for spatial light modulators are numerous, including optical switches, modulators, active optical elements (e.g., lenses), laser sources, and tunable filters. We have been exploring a number of approaches for making liquid crystal Bragg gratings, including holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, cholesteric liquid crystals, and homogenous nematic liquid crystals in hybrid devices. We have studied the dynamic properties of these Bragg gratings by electrical, thermal, and optical stimulation. Modification and control of optical and dynamic properties have been obtained through combinations of liquid crystals with polymers, combinations of various dopant materials, and interactions of liquid crystals with organic and inorganic interfaces. We discuss the materials, fabrication, characterization, and physics of liquid crystal Bragg gratings and present the results of various devices we have studied in our lab. We will also discuss potential applications. C1 AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6600-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6487 BP V4870 EP V4870 AR 64870V DI 10.1117/12.710829 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BGF00 UT WOS:000246378900020 ER PT S AU Cox, JL Zmuda, H Bussjaeger, RJ Erdmann, RK Fanto, ML Hayduk, MJ Malowicki, JE AF Cox, Joseph L. Zmuda, Henry Bussjaeger, Rebecca J. Erdmann, Reinhard K. Fanto, Michael L. Hayduk, Michael J. Malowicki, John E. BE Hayduk, MJ Pirich, AR Delfyett, PJ Donkor, EJ Barrios, JP Bussjager, RJ Fanto, ML Kaminski, RL Li, G Mohseni, H Taylor, EW TI Time reversed photonic beamforming of arbitrary waveform ladar arrays - art. no. 657209 SO Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Application III CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE photonics; adaptive beamforming; phased array antennas; time reversal; ladar; arbitrary waveform; generation AB Herein is described a novel approach of performing adaptive photonic beam forming of an array of optical fibers with the expressed purpose of performing laser ranging. The beam forming technique leverages the concepts of time reversal, previously implemented in the sonar community, and wherein photonic implementation has recently been described for use by beamforming of ultra-wideband radar arrays. Photonic beam forming is also capable of combining the optical output of several fiber lasers into a coherent source, exactly phase matched on a pre-determined target. By implementing electro-optically modulated pulses from frequency chirped femtosecond-scale laser pulses, ladar waveforms can be generated with arbitrary spectral and temporal characteristics within the limitations of the wide-band system. Also described is a means of generating angle/angle/range measurements of illuminated targets. C1 USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Cox, JL (reprint author), USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6694-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6572 BP 57209 EP 57209 AR 657209 DI 10.1117/12.723749 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGJ60 UT WOS:000247643300007 ER PT S AU Brown, K Wysocki, B Fanto, M Malowick, J Kovanis, V Lester, L AF Brown, K. Wysocki, B. Fanto, M. Malowicki, J. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. BE Hayduk, MJ Pirich, AR Delfyett, PJ Donkor, EJ Barrios, JP Bussjager, RJ Fanto, ML Kaminski, RL Li, G Mohseni, H Taylor, EW TI Control over spectral content via differential pumping of a monolithic passively mode-locked quantum dot laser - art. no. 65720A SO Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Application III CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE quantum dots; passive mode locking; semiconductor lasers; chirp; differential pumping AB A monolithic two-section quantum dot semiconductor laser is differentially pumped to form non-uniform current injection in the gain region. We show that the nature of the spectral content in the output signal is affected by this differential pumping; despite the fact that the separately pumped gain regions are not electrically isolated in this device. Both negative (red-shift) and positive (blue-shift) spectral chirps were observed during mode-locked operation. It is also demonstrated that mode locked operation is achieved with a much larger set of injection current / absorber bias voltage pairs than was previously possible with single-pad current injection. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Brown, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome Res Site,25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6694-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6572 BP A5720 EP A5720 AR 65720A DI 10.1117/12.722421 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGJ60 UT WOS:000247643300008 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Erdmann, RK Wysocki, BT Malowicki, JE McEwen, TA AF Fanto, M. L. Erdmann, R. K. Wysocki, B. T. Malowicki, J. E. McEwen, T. A. BE Hayduk, MJ Pirich, AR Delfyett, PJ Donkor, EJ Barrios, JP Bussjager, RJ Fanto, ML Kaminski, RL Li, G Mohseni, H Taylor, EW TI Ultra-stable harmonically mode-locked erbium-doped waveguide laser - art. no. 65720C SO Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Application III CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE mode-locked; erbium-doped; timing jitter; Arbitrary Waveform-Generation ID TIMING JITTER; FIBER LASER AB Generation of stable pulses and a frequency stabilized optical comb are two key requirements for Fourier Based Arbitrary Waveform Generation (AWG) techniques. The longitudinal mode spacing of the laser must remain as stable as possible to permit effective isolation and processing of the modes for waveform synthesis. The short and long term temporal stability ultimately limits the system's precision as well as its operability in fielded systems. A packaged erbium-doped waveguide provided a highly compact gain medium for the harmonically mode-locked laser design. Stability was achieved by use of an intracavity etalon for frequency stabilization of the optical comb, a Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method, and an active bias feedback loop for low frequency noise suppression. The temperature was controlled to limit cavity length variation, and the contribution to stability of each method is quantitatively assessed. The system's stable operating time was increased from hours to greater than a day, and the timing jitter is demonstrated to be lower than that of commercially available erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) systems. Applications to optical signal synthesis and Laser Radar are briefly discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6694-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6572 BP C5720 EP C5720 AR 65720C DI 10.1117/12.721613 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGJ60 UT WOS:000247643300010 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JC Gallimore, JJ AF Jenkins, Joseph C. Gallimore, Jennie J. BE Verly, JG Guell, JJ TI The use of configural displays to promote pilot situation awareness - art. no. 65590H SO Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2007 CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE situation awareness; configural display; emergent features; saliency ID EMERGENT FEATURES; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; DESIGN AB Previous research has shown that the use of configural displays allows people to more easily detect changes in dynamic processes for integration tasks thereby enhancing operator performance, yet the benefit of configural displays on operator situation awareness (SA) has yet to be assessed. To test whether or not the use of configural displays impacts the formation of pilot SA, a computer-based study was undertaken using two presentation rates (500ms and 1000ms) and three configural display formats (Mil-Std-1787 HUD, Dual-articulated (DA) HUD, and the Arc Segment Attitude Reference (ASAR)) to present aircraft flight reference information to pilots. One of five questions were possible following the removal of the display from the screen, a query about aircraft airspeed, altitude, flight path angle (climb or dive) or bank angle. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the ability to provide an increase in operator SA by utilizing emergent features in configural displays to increase cue saliency and thereby increase operator SA. The analysis of pilots' recall of aircraft flight path angle (percent correct) showed that pilots were significantly more aware of aircraft attitude with the ASAR than with either the MIL-STD 1787 or DA HUD formats. There was no difference among displays for recall of actual flight path angle (RMS error). The results are discussed in terms of the use of configural displays as a design approach in representing task goals to facilitate operator SA. C1 USAF, Directorate Airman Dev & Sustainment Headquarters, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Jenkins, JC (reprint author), USAF, Directorate Airman Dev & Sustainment Headquarters, Washington, DC 20301 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6681-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6559 BP H5590 EP H5590 AR 65590H DI 10.1117/12.719110 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL72 UT WOS:000248223200015 ER PT J AU Carson, KS Chilton, SM Hutchinson, WG AF Carson, Katherine S. Chilton, Susan M. Hutchinson, W. George BE Cherry, TL Kroll, S Shogren, JF TI Consequentiality and demand revelation in double referenda SO ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, EXPERIMENTAL METHODS SE Routledge Explorations in Environmental Economics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop in Experimental Economics and Public Policy CY APR 08-09, 2005 CL Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC HO Appalachian State Univ ID CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION; DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; EFFICIENCY C1 [Carson, Katherine S.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017; OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X; Hutchinson, W George/0000-0003-0028-7868 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93536-1 J9 ROUTL EXPLOR ENVIRON PY 2007 VL 8 BP 407 EP 423 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BNT03 UT WOS:000275440500025 ER PT J AU Bellenkes, AH AF Bellenkes, Andrew H. TI Contemporary issues in human factors and aviation safety SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bellenkes, AH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 963 EP 965 DI 10.1080/00140130600971093 PG 3 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 168SJ UT WOS:000246544000011 ER PT S AU Choi, HJ Mark, LS Dainoff, MJ Ye, L AF Choi, Hyeg Joo Mark, Leonard S. Dainoff, Marvin J. Ye, Lin BE Dainoff, MJ TI Constraints on demarcating left and right areas in designing of a performance-based workstation SO ERGONOMICS AND HEALTH ASPECTS OF WORK WITH COMPUTERS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE lab study; constraints; reach; handedness; performance-based approach; workstation design ID TASK AB The purpose of this study was to show the constraints that demarcate right and left areas in designing a performance-based workstation. As a part of the larger project, the current experiment was designed to determine the directional location at which people change from using their right hand to using their left hand when reaching for a pen to write their name. The results from 21 right-handed participants showed that their left hand was not used significantly in any azimuth lines. Although right-handed participants used their left hand more often as the target location approached their contralateral side of their body, the frequencies of left hand use were not significantly dominant even beyond the left shoulder plane used in this experiment. Along with findings from previous work, we conclude that for this particular task the hand-use transition occurs beyond 20 degrees left of left shoulder plane. The location of this boundary is markedly farther to the left than identified in other research, thereby demonstrating the importance of task constraint in describing work area. C1 [Choi, Hyeg Joo] AF Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mark, Leonard S.; Dainoff, Marvin J.; Ye, Lin] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Choi, HJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joo.choi@gmail.com; finarkls@muohio.edu; dainofmj@muohio.edu; yel@muohio.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73332-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4566 BP 171 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BGK93 UT WOS:000248080700022 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JA Staal, MA AF Stephenson, James A. Staal, Mark A. TI An ethical decision-making model for operational psychology SO ETHICS & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE ethics; decision model; military psychology ID JUDGMENT AB Operational psychology is an emerging subdiscipline that has enhanced the U.S. military's combat capabilities during the Global War on Terrorism. What makes this subdiscipline unique is its use of psychological principles and skills to improve a commander's decision making as it pertains to conducting combat (or related operations). Due to psychology's expanding role in combat support, psychologists are being confronted with challenges that require the application of their professional ethics in areas in which little if any guidance has been provided. Operational psychologists are at the forefront of this expansion. Accordingly, they need a decision model to assist them in this complex dynamic environment. To this end, this article reviews various decision models and ethical frameworks, selects the most appropriate, and then applies it to the challenges faced by operational psychologists. A naturalistic decision model that integrates rational and intuitive elements is recommended. C1 USAF, 421st Air Base Squadron, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF, 1st Special Operat Grp, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. RP Staal, MA (reprint author), 1 SOSS OSM, 595 Independence, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. EM mark.staal@hotmail.com NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8422 J9 ETHICS BEHAV JI Ethics Behav. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 82 PG 22 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA 176JG UT WOS:000247080400004 ER PT J AU Kung, HT Suter, BW AF Kung, H. T. Suter, B. W. TI A hub matrix theory and applications to wireless communications SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB This paper considers communications and network systems whose properties are characterized by the gaps of the leading eigen-values of A(H)A for a matrix A. It is shown that a sufficient and necessary condition for a large eigen-gap is that A is a "hub" matrix in the sense that it has dominant columns. Some applications of this hub theory in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems are presented. Copyright (c) 2007 H. T. Kung and B. W. Suter. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Kung, HT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2007 AR 13659 DI 10.1155/2007/13659 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 183RI UT WOS:000247589500001 ER PT J AU Greenburg, DL Mo, CC Hemmer, PA AF Greenburg, David L. Mo, Clifton C. Hemmer, Paul A. TI IVIG for thymoma-associated pseudo-obstruction: Report of successful treatment SO EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INTESTINAL PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION; MYASTHENIA-GRAVIS; MALIGNANT THYMOMA; ANTIBODIES; DYSAUTONOMIA C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USAF, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Greenburg, DL (reprint author), EDP, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. EM dgreenburg@usuhs.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-3022 J9 EUR NEUROL JI Eur. Neurol. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 2 BP 116 EP 117 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 192YL UT WOS:000248239900010 PM 17570918 ER PT S AU O'Donnell, TH AF O'Donnell, Terry H. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Genetic programming techniques for thin-wire antennas - art. no. 65630F SO Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation: Theory and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE genetic programming; Genetic algorithm; evolutionary optimization; antenna design; antenna optimization; GP; GA; genetic design AB Simple genetic algorithm optimizations often utilize fixed-length chromosomes containing a predefined set of parameters to be optimized. While such algorithms have successfully created electrically small narrow-band and large wide-band military antennas, they require the antenna designer to have a fairly concrete antenna representation prior to exercising the genetic algorithm. In this research we investigate the use of genetic programming (GP) techniques to "program" the design of simple thin-wire antennas. Genetic programming techniques offer the potential to create random, multi-arm, multi-dimension antennas from variable length, tree-like chromosomes. We present a new genetic programming paradigm for creating multi-branched, thin-wire, genetic antennas and describe how GP commands are represented and decoded into physical antenna structures. We present preliminary results obtained from this algorithm showing evolutions along Pareto fronts representing antenna electrical size, VSWR, and antenna quality factor (Q). C1 Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. RP O'Donnell, TH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6685-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6563 BP F5630 EP F5630 AR 65630F DI 10.1117/12.723690 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR58 UT WOS:000250108300012 ER PT S AU DeLima, P Pack, D Sciortino, JC AF DeLima, Pedro Pack, Daniel Sciortino, John C., Jr. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Optimizing a search strategy for multiple mobile agents SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE distributed control; cooperative search; unmanned aerial vehicles; search; genetic algorithms AB In this paper, we propose a rule-based search method for multiple mobile distributed agents to cooperatively search an area for mobile target detection. The collective goals of the agents are (1) to maximize the coverage of a search area without explicit coordination among the members of the group, (2) to achieve sufficient minimum coverage of a search area in as little time as possible, and (3) to decrease the predictability of the search pattern of each agent. We assume that the search space contains multiple mobile targets and each agent is equipped with a non-gimbaled visual sensor and a range-limited radio frequency sensor. We envision the proposed search method to be applicable to cooperative mobile robots, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). The search rules used by each agent characterize a decentralized search algorithm where the mobility decision of an agent at each time increment is independently made as a function of the direction of the previous motion of the agent, the known locations of other agents, the distance of the agent from the boundaries of the search area, and the agent's knowledge of the area already covered by the group. Weights and parameters of the proposed decentralized search algorithm are tuned to particular scenarios and goals using a genetic algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed search method in multiple scenarios with varying numbers of agents. Furthermore, we use the results of the tuning processes for different scenarios to draw conclusions on the role each weight and parameter plays during the execution of a mission. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP DeLima, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM pedro.lima@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu; john.sciortino@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6685-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6563 AR 656308 DI 10.1117/12.724967 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR58 UT WOS:000250108300008 ER PT S AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB AF Kleeman, Mark P. Lamont, Gary B. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI The multi-objective constrained assignment problem SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB Assignment problems are a common area of research in operational research and computer science. Military applications include military personnel assignment, combat radio frequency assignment, and weapon target assignment. In general, assignment problems can be found in a wide array of areas, from modular placement to resource scheduling. Many of these problems are very similar to one another. This paper models and compares some of the assignment problems in literature. These similar problems are then generalized into a generalized multi-objective problem, the constrained assignment problem. Using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, we solve an example of a constrained assignment problem called the airman assignment problem. Results show that good solutions along the interior portion of the Pareto front are found in earlier generations and later generations produce more exterior points. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6685-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6563 AR 656307 DI 10.1117/12.720964 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR58 UT WOS:000250108300005 ER PT S AU Santarelli, SG Mailloux, RJ Yu, TL Roberts, TM Champion, MH Goldberg, DE AF Santarelli, Scott G. Mailloux, Robert J. Yu, Tian-Li Roberts, Thomas M. Champion, Michelle H. Goldberg, David E. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Application of evolutionary algorithms and neural network concepts to the design of low-cost, wideband antenna arrays SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE genetic algorithm; competent genetic algorithm; optimization algorithm; classification; wideband array AB This paper describes the application of biologically-inspired algorithms and concepts to the design of wideband antenna arrays. In particular, we address two specific design problems. The first involves the design of a constrained-feed network for a Rotman-lens beamformer. We implemented two evolutionary optimization (EO) approaches, namely a simple genetic algorithm (SGA) and a competent genetic algorithm. We conducted simulations based on experimental data, which effectively demonstrate that the competent GA outperforms the SGA (i.e., finds a better design solution) as the objective function becomes less specific and more "general." The second design problem involves the implementation of polyomino-shaped subarrays for sidelobe suppression of large, wideband planar arrays. We use a modified screen-saver code to generate random polyomino filings. A separate code assigns array values to each element of the tiling (i.e., amplitude, phase, time delay, etc.) and computes the corresponding far-field radiation pattern. In order to conduct a statistical analysis of pattern characteristics vs. tiling geometry, we needed a way to measure the "similarity" between two arbitrary filings to ensure that our sampling of the tiling space was somewhat uniformly distributed We ultimately borrowed a concept from neural network theory, which we refer to as the "dot-product metric," to effectively categorize filings based on their degree of similarity. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Santarelli, SG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI YU, TIAN-LI/0000-0002-0273-9330 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6685-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6563 AR 65630G DI 10.1117/12.724968 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR58 UT WOS:000250108300013 ER PT S AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB Cooney, A Nelson, TR AF Kleeman, Mark P. Lamont, Gary B. Cooney, Adam Nelson, Thomas R. BE Obayashi, S Deb, K Poloni, C Hiroyasu, T Murata, T TI A multi-tiered memetic multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for the design of quantum cascade lasers SO EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-CRITERION OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2007) CY MAR 05-08, 2007 CL Matsushima, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kansai Univ, Policy Grid Comp Lab AB Recent advances in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have enabled their use as (tunable) emission sources for chemical and biological spectroscopy, as well as allowed their demonstration in applications in medical diagnostics and potential homeland security systems. Finding the optimal design solution can be challenging, especially for lasers that operate in the terahertz region. The production process is prohibitive, so an optimization algorithm is needed to find high quality QCL designs. Past research attempts using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have found good solutions, but lacked a local search element that could enable them to find more effective solutions. This research looks at two memetic MOEAs that use a neighborhood search. Our baseline memetic MOEA used a simple neighborhood search, which is similar to other MOEA neighborhood searches found in the literature. Alternatively, our innovative multi-tiered memetic MOEA uses problem domain knowledge to change the temporal focus of the neighborhood search based on the generation. It is empirically shown that the multitiered memetic MOEA is able to find solutions that dominate the baseline memetic algorithm. Additional experiments suggest that using local search on only non-dominated individuals improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm versus applying the local search to dominated individuals as well. This research validates the importance of using multiobjective problem (MOP) domain knowledge in order to obtain the best results for a real world solution. It also introduces a new multi-tiered local search procedure that is able to focus the local search on specific critical elements of the problem at different stages in the optimization process. C1 [Kleeman, Mark P.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cooney, Adam] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nelson, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-70927-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4403 BP 186 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ71 UT WOS:000245668200013 ER PT S AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB AF Kleeman, Mark P. Lamont, Gary B. BE Dahal, KP Tan, KC Cowling, PI TI Scheduling of Flow-Shop, Job-Shop, and Combined Scheduling Problems using MOEAs with Fixed and Variable Length Chromosomes SO EVOLUTIONARY SCHEDULING SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM; GENETIC ALGORITHM; TUTORIAL SURVEY; LOCAL SEARCH; CRITERION; SYSTEM AB This chapter introduces the novel multi-component scheduling problem, which is a combination of the generic flow-shop and job-shop (or open-shop) problems. This chapter first presents an overview of five common scheduling models and examples of how they are solved. A description of some of the most common chromosome representations and genetic operators is also presented. The chapter also discusses some of the real-world problems that can be modelled using the proposed multicomponent scheduling model. In particular, the multi-component engine maintenance scheduling problem is presented and solved using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) called GENMOP. A variable length chromosome is used by the MOEA in order to address problem specific and generic characteristics. The experimental results compare favorably to baseline values, indicating that GENMOP can effectively solve multi-component scheduling problems. Overall, this chapter introduces a new category of scheduling problems that is quite common in real world problems and presents an example of the problem. By introducing this new category, which can have peculiarities that differ from other scheduling categories, researchers can build upon work done by others in this field. C1 [Kleeman, Mark P.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.kleeman@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-48582-7 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2007 VL 49 BP 49 EP 99 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48584-1 PG 51 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLX58 UT WOS:000271298300004 ER PT B AU Sherer, SE Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE AF Sherer, Scott E. Visbal, Miguel R. Gordnier, Raymond E. GP ASME TI A high-order overset-grid approach for large eddy simulations SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ALGORITHM; SCHEMES AB A parallel, high-order, overset-grid method is validated for use in large eddy simulation (LES) through its application to turbulent flow problems. The current method employs a high-order compact finite-difference approach to evaluate spatial derivatives, with up-to-tenth-order low-pass filters used to remove high-frequency spurious wave content. These filters have also been,found to be effective in modeling the dissipation that occurs at the unresolved scales in the flow for LES simulations. Temporal integration is based on an implicit, approximately-factored and diagonalized, second-order algorithm, which reduces the time-step constraints present in explicit time-marching methods for wall-bounded viscous flows. Parallelization, geometric complexity, and local grid refinement are all addressed through the use of an overset-grid approach, with grid communication provided by high-order Lagrangian interpolation. Problems demonstrating this approach include fully turbulent channel flow and flows over a single circular cylinder a general delta-wing configuration, and a realistic UAV geometry. C1 [Sherer, Scott E.; Visbal, Miguel R.; Gordnier, Raymond E.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherer, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 1439 EP 1453 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100164 ER PT B AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, R. Duane BE Goldman, HB Vasavada, SP TI Urethral Injectables for Stress Urinary Incontinence SO FEMALE UROLOGY: A PRACTICAL CLINICAL GUIDE SE Current Clinical Urology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSURETHRAL COLLAGEN INJECTION; INTRINSIC SPHINCTER DEFICIENCY; CROSS-LINKED COLLAGEN; PERIURETHRAL INJECTION; FOLLOW-UP; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; DYSFUNCTION; MIGRATION; THERAPY; TEFLON C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-58829-701-3 J9 CURR CLIN UROL PY 2007 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-368-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-368-4 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA BJQ95 UT WOS:000267012700008 ER PT S AU Ward, BG Robin, C Culpepper, M AF Ward, Benjamin G. Robin, Craig Culpepper, Mark BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Photonic crystal fiber designs for power scaling of single polarization amplifiers - art. no. 645307 SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID LARGE-MODE-AREA; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PROPAGATION; LASERS; SUPPRESSION; OPERATION; PULSES AB Photonic crystal fiber designs for power scaling of single-polarization amplifiers are presented. These fibers incorporate a core with a refractive index slightly lower than that of pure silica and borosilicate stress rods embedded within the photonic crystal lattice. They are realizable as rod-type as well as conventional photonic crystal fibers. The core index change results in a fundamental mode profile that is flattened relative to that of standard photonic crystal fibers. A continuum of mode profiles ranging from approximately Gaussian to approximately top-hat can be achieved in this manner. The optimal parameters of these designs depend on the desired coiling radius, birefringence, and mode area. Preliminary experimental results are presented. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite 2A167, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP 45307 EP 45307 AR 645307 DI 10.1117/12.717326 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100003 ER PT S AU Terry, NB Engel, K Alley, TG Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Terry, Nathan B. Engel, Kevin Alley, Thomas G. Russell, Timothy H. Roh, Won B. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Forward and backward seeded continuous-wave Raman fiber amplifiers based on multimode fibers - art. no. 64531I SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE muitmode fibers; raman fiber amplifier; beam cleanup; stimulated Raman scattering ID OPTICAL-FIBER; BEAM CLEANUP; SCATTERING; AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT AB We report on the performance of seeded Raman fiber amplifiers based on multimode gradient index fiber. The "beam cleanup" improvement in beam quality of the Stokes beam over that of input pump beam (previously observed in unseeded fiber amplifier geometries using stimulated Raman scattering in multimode graded index fiber) is shown here to be limited by the beam quality of the input seed beam for seeded amplifier configurations. The amplifiers are characterized in terms of their capacity for beam-cleanup, their ability to amplify the seed and in terms of their output spectra. The advantages and disadvantages of a backward-pumped geometry versus a forward-pumped geometry are discussed. Depending on the geometry, amplified power can be readily distributed to a cascade of Stokes frequencies (unseeded forward-pumped geometry) or can be mostly contained in the seed frequency (seeded backward-pumped geometry). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Terry, NB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP I4531 EP I4531 AR 64531I DI 10.1117/12.699099 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100043 ER PT S AU He, P Yang, B Hubbard, S Estepp, J Wilson, G AF He, Ping Yang, Betty Hubbard, Sarah Estepp, Justin Wilson, Glenn BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI A sensor positioning system for functional near-infrared neuroimaging SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE 10-20 system; brain mapping; fNIR; neuroimaging; Talairach ID BRAIN AB In cognitive studies using functional near-infrared (fNIR) techniques, the optical sensors are placed over the scalp of the subject. In order to document the actual sensor location, a system is needed that can measure the 3D position of an arbitrary point on the scalp with a high precision and repeatability and express sensor location in reference to the international 10-20 system for convenience. In addition, in cognitive studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the source location is commonly expressed using Talairach system. In order to correlate the results from the fNIR study with that of the fMRI study, one needs to project the source location in Talairach coordinates onto a site on the scalp for the placement of the fNIR sensors. This paper reports a sensor positioning system that is designed to achieve the above goals. Some initial experimental data using this system are presented. C1 [He, Ping; Yang, Betty; Estepp, Justin] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Hubbard, Sarah; Wilson, Glenn] Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP He, P (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU AFRL DAGSI Ohio Student Faculty Research; Air Force Summer Faculty FX This work was supported in part by the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship Program and the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 30 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600004 ER PT S AU Eaton, FD AF Eaton, Frank D. BE Mecherle, S Korotkova, O TI Critical issues encountered in experiments and measurements involving optical turbulence - art. no. 64570S SO Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XIX and Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XIX and Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE optical turbulence; refractive index structure parameter; inner scale; outer scale; eddy dissipation rate; meteorological parameters ID SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; VHF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; VERTICAL PROFILES; GRAVITY-WAVES AB The successful design and operation of high energy laser (HEL) and laser communication systems require a comprehensive and thorough knowledge of the real turbulent atmosphere coupled with high-fidelity realistic laser beam propagation models. To date, modeling and simulation of laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence have relied upon a traditional theoretical basis that assumes the existence of homogeneous, isotropic, stationary, and Kolmogorov turbulence. The real impact of the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) on laser beam propagation including effects of non-classical turbulence as well as inner (l(o)) and outer scale (L-o) effects will be examined. Observations clearly show turbulence is often layered and is produced by wave activity and episodic events such as Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Other critical turbulence issues involve the relationship between mechanical and optical turbulence and the effect of path variability of turbulence and inner scale on optical turbulence parameters over long paths. These issues will be examined from data obtained from five systems: a) a new measurement platform using a free-flying balloon that lifts a ring with a boom upon which are mounted several fine wire (1-mu m diameter) sensors to measure high-speed temperature and velocity fluctuations, b) a new system using a kite/tethered blimp platform that obtains both profile and measurements at a fixed altitude over time, c) a 50 MHz radar at Vandenberg Air Force Base that senses at high temporal and spatial resolution to 20 km ASL, d) an instrumented aircraft system, and e) a suite of optical systems. The first four systems all provide estimates of C-n(2), the eddy dissipation rate (epsilon), l(o), and L-o. Methods of calibration and problems of interpreting results from the measurement systems are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DESA, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Eaton, FD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DESA, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6573-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6457 BP S4570 EP S4570 AR 64570S DI 10.1117/12.697193 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BGA83 UT WOS:000245830500024 ER PT S AU Foshee, J Tang, SN Tang, YJ Wang, X Duan, BF AF Foshee, James Tang, Suning Tang, Yuanji Wang, X. Duan, Baofeng BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI A novel high-speed electro-optic beam scanner based on KTN crystals - art. no. 670908 SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications VII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID TANTALATE-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH; FILMS AB We present a novel high-speed electro-optic beam scanner that provides a significantly scanning angle, angular resolution, and response time. Compared to conventional moving mirrors such as servo-controlled mirrors and galvanic mirrors, the demonstrated laser scanning device can improve the response time by 100 times. The presented device has many other unique features such as light weight, small dimension, low power consumption, and no-moving components, which are particularly suitable for airborne and space-borne applications. Electro-optic beam scanners are key components in advanced laser radars, laser communication systems. It also has important commercial applications in various fields such as display, printing, imaging, optical storage, optical communication, and so on. C1 [Foshee, James] IFGD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foshee, J (reprint author), IFGD, AFRL, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6857-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6709 BP 70908 EP 70908 DI 10.1117/12.731286 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHC52 UT WOS:000252182100007 ER PT S AU Semiatin, SL Weaver, DS Goetz, RL Thomas, JP Turner, TJ AF Semiatin, S. L. Weaver, D. S. Goetz, R. L. Thomas, J. P. Turner, T. J. BE Prangnell, PB Bate, PS TI Deformation and recrystallization during thermomechanical processing of a nickel-base superalloy ingot material SO FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMATION AND ANNEALING SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fundamentals of Deformation and Annealing CY SEP 05-07, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND SP Novelis, EPSRC Manchester Portfolio Partnership Light Alloys Environm Sustainable Transport DE dynamic recrystallization; metadynamic recrystallization; grain growth; ingot breakdown; fiber texture; cellular automata; mesoscale modeling ID MODELING MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA MODEL; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; HOT-WORKING; TEMPERATURES; NUCLEATION; BEHAVIOR; WASPALOY; FLOW AB The deformation response and recrystallization behavior of a coarse, columnar-grain superalloy ingot material, Waspaloy, with a < 100 > fiber texture were established. For this purpose, isothermal hot compression tests were performed on cylindrical and double-cone samples at supersolvus temperatures under both monotonic (constant strain rate) and multi-hit conditions. Plastic flow showed a noticeable dependence on test direction relative to the columnar-grain orientation; the observed anisotropy in peak flow stress and flow softening were explained on the basis of the evolution of crystallographic texture during recrystallization. Similarly, anisotropy in dynamic recrystallization kinetics with respect to test direction was interpreted in terms of the effect of initial texture on the plastic work imposed per increment of macroscopic strain. Nevertheless, the broad kinetics for the coarse-grain, ingot material deformed under both monotonic and multi-hit conditions were comparable to those previously measured for fine-grain, wrought Waspaloy. Such an effect was attributed to the beneficial influence of the nucleation of recrystallization at both grain boundaries and carbide particles in the ingot material. In addition, a spatial non-uniformity in recrystallization was found in the ingot material and was interpreted in the context of the grain-boundary character and non-uniform strain at the grain/intragrain scale. A suite of tools being developed to model recrystallization phenomena during the breakdown of superalloy ingots is described. These tools include a mechanistic cellular automata; a mesoscale, mechanism-based model; and the crystal-plasticity finite-element method. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Weaver, D. S.; Turner, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goetz, R. L.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Thomas, J. P.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; donald.weaver@wpafb.af.mil; robert.goetz@wpafb.af.mil; jp.thomas@afmcx.net; todd.turner@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Laboratory management; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force [FA8650-04-D-5235 (RLG), F33615-03-D-5801 (JPT)] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratorys Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J.S. Tiley, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. Technical discussions with Professor F. Montheillet (Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne) and the yeoman assistance of P.N. Fagin in conducting the experimental work are also much appreciated. Two of the authors were supported through Air Force Contracts FA8650-04-D-5235 (RLG) and F33615-03-D-5801 (JPT). NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-434-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 550 BP 129 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGH39 UT WOS:000246975300013 ER PT B AU de Freitas, AA Mayer, CB AF de Freitas, Adrian A. Mayer, Christopher B. GP ACM TI The Effectiveness of Dynamic Ant Colony Tuning SO GECCO 2007: GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND SP ACM DE Ant Colony Optimization; Genetic Algorithms; Genetically Modified Ant Colony System; Traveling Salesman Problem AB We examine the Genetically, Modified Ant Colony System (GMACS) algorithm [3], which claims to dynamically tune an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to its near-optimal parameters. While our research indicates that the use of GMACS does result in higher quality solutions over a hand-tuned ACO algorithm, we found that the algorithm is ultimately hindered by its emphasis on randomized ant breeding. Specifically, our investigation shows that tuning ACO parameters on a single colony using a genetic algorithm, as done by GMACS, is not as effective as it may first appear and has several drawbacks. C1 [de Freitas, Adrian A.; Mayer, Christopher B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP de Freitas, AA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM Adrian.deFreitas@afit.edu; Chris.Mayer@afit.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-697-4 PY 2007 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKI74 UT WOS:000268226900023 ER PT B AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB Hopkinson, KM Graham, SR AF Kleeman, Mark P. Lamont, Gary B. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Graham, Scott R. GP ACM TI Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms for Designing Capacitated Network Centric Communications SO GECCO 2007: GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND SP ACM DE MOEA; Optimization; Network Design Problem C1 [Kleeman, Mark P.; Lamont, Gary B.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Graham, Scott R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Kleeman@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu; Kenneth.Hopkinson@afit.edu; Scott.Graham@afit.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-697-4 PY 2007 BP 905 EP 905 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKI74 UT WOS:000268226900163 ER PT B AU Woolley, BG Peterson, GL AF Woolley, Brian G. Peterson, Gilbert L. GP ACM TI Genetic Evolution of Hierarchical Behavior Structures SO GECCO 2007: GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND SP ACM DE Evolutionary Robotics; Genetic Programming; Behavior-Based Robotics; Unified Behavior Framework AB The development of coherent and dynamic behaviors for mobile robots is an exceedingly complex endeavor ruled by task objectives, environmental dynamics and the interactions within the behavior structure. This paper discusses the use of genetic programming techniques and the unified behavior framework to develop effective control hierarchies using interchangeable behaviors and arbitration components. Given the number of possible variations provided by the framework, evolutionary programming is used to evolve the overall behavior design. Competitive evolution of the behavior population incrementally develops feasible Solutions for the domain through competitive ranking. By developing and implementing many simple behaviors independently and then evolving a complex behavior structure suited to the domain, this approach allows for the reuse of elemental behaviors and cases the complexity of development for a given domain. Additionally. this approach has the ability to locate a behavior structure which a developer may not have previously considered, and whose ability exceeds expectations. The evolution of the behavior structure is demonstrated using agents in the Robocode environment, with the evolved structures performing up to 122 percent better than one crafted by an expert. C1 [Woolley, Brian G.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Woolley, BG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.woolley@ieee.org; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-697-4 PY 2007 BP 1731 EP 1738 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKI74 UT WOS:000268226900315 ER PT S AU Kurkowski, S Navidi, W Camp, T AF Kurkowski, Stuart Navidi, William Camp, Tracy GP IEEE TI Discovering variables that affect MANET protocol performance SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE wireless networks; mobile ad hoc networks; simulation variables; performance evaluation AB Mobile Ad Hoe Networks (MANETs) are usually studied through simulation. Network simulators allow users, in principle, to set values for several hundred variables. A few of these variables, including node speed, node pause time, and packet size, receive much of the attention in MANET simulation studies, because their values are generally believed to have an important effect on simulation results (e.g., delivery ratio). There are, however, a number of variables that are less discussed, but which have a substantially greater effect on simulation results than those more commonly considered. Given a typical simulation scenario, we demonstrate that variables such as the number of sources and random versus fixed destinations, which have received comparatively little attention in the literature, have a substantially greater impact on delivery ratio than do variables such as node speed and pause time, which have received significant attention in the literature. Failure to consider the values of these variables in simulation studies can result in misleading conclusions regarding the performance of routing protocols. We conclude that before investigators draw firm conclusions about the performance of a MANET routing protocol, they should examine the effects of a wider variety of variables than has generally been the practice. C1 [Kurkowski, Stuart] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Navidi, William; Camp, Tracy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurkowski, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu; wnavidi@mines.edu; tcamp@mines.edu FU NSF [ANI-0208352, ANI-0240558] FX This work supported in part by NSF Grants ANI-0208352 and ANI-0240558. Research group's URL is http://toilers.mines.edu. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 1237 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505701042 ER PT S AU Roberts, ML Temple, MA Mills, RF Raines, RA AF Roberts, Marcus L. Temple, Michael A. Mills, Robert F. Raines, Richard A. GP IEEE TI An SMSE implementation of CDMA with partial band interference suppression SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE SMSE framework; OFDM; software defined radio (SDR); cognitive radio (CR); co-existence AB A spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) framework is adopted for implementing code division multiple access (CDMA) with partial band interference suppression. SMSE signals are constructed within an architecture governed by cognitive radio (CR) principles and supported by software defined radio (SDR) implementation, a union referred to as CR-based SDR. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, a foundational part of future 4G systems, are collectively classified as SMSE because data modulation and encoding are applied in the spectral domain. Framework applicability was recently demonstrated for realistic 4G signals by illustrating consistency between resultant analytic SMSE expressions and published results. Framework implementability and flexibility is further demonstrated herein using more complex CDMA signal structures. Modeling and simulation results are presented for a form of multi-carrier CDMA using polyphase codes with adaptive spectral notching (interference avoidance). Collectively, the SMSE implementation of this system correlates very well with theoretical predictions for multiple access scenarios. C1 [Roberts, Marcus L.; Temple, Michael A.; Mills, Robert F.; Raines, Richard A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Temple, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 4424 EP 4428 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505704068 ER PT S AU Soref, R Kouvetakis, J Menendez, J AF Soref, Richard Kouvetakis, John Menendez, Jose BE Tsybeskov, L Lockwood, DJ Delerue, C Ichikawa, M VanBuuren, AW TI Advances in SiGeSn/Ge technology SO Group IV Semiconductor Nanostructures-2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Group 4 Semiconductor Nanostructures held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SILICON AB We recently reported the CVD growth of binary Ge1-ySny and ternary Ge1-ySixSny alloys directly on Si wafers using SnD4, Ge2H6 (di-germane), SiH3GeH3, and (GeH3)(2)SiH2 sources. Ge1-ySny is an intriguing infrared material that undergoes an indirect-to-direct bandgap transition for y >= 0.09. In addition, we have found that Ge1-ySny layers have ideal properties as templates for the subsequent deposition of other semiconductors: (a) they are strain-relaxed and have low threading-defect densities (10(5) cm(-2)) even for films thinner than 1 mu m; (b) their low growth temperatures between 250 degrees C and 350 degrees C are compatible with selective growth, and the films possess the necessary thermal stability for conventional semiconductor processing (up to 750 degrees C depending on composition); (c) they exhibit tunable lattice constants between 5.65 angstrom and at least 5.8 angstrom, matching InGaAs and related III-V systems; (d) their surfaces are extremely flat; (e) they grow selectively on Si and not on SiO2; and (f) the film surface can be prepared by simple chemical cleaning for subsequent ex-situ epitaxy. The incorporation of Sn lowers the absorption edges of Ge. Therefore, Ge1-ySny is attractive for detector and photovoltaic applications that require band gaps lower than that of Ge. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoreflectance experiments show that the direct band gap is halved for as little as y = 0.15. Studies of a Ge0.98Sn0.02 sample yield an absorption coefficient of 3500 cm(-1) at 1675 nm (0.74 eV). Thus infrared detectors based on Ge0.98Sn0.02 could easily cover the U-(1625 nm-1675 nm), L-(1565 nm-1625 nm), and C-(1530 nm-1565 nm) telecomm. bands. Photoluminescence studies show bandgap emission on thin GeSn layers sandwiched between higher bandgap SiGeSn barriers. We have made advances in p and n doping of GeSn and present results on electrical characterizations. GeSn also has application in band-to-band laser heterodiodes. The ternary system Ge1-x-ySixSny grows on Ge1-ySny-buffered Si. It represents the first practical group-IV ternary alloy, since C can only be incorporated in minute amounts to the Ge-Si network. The most significant feature of Ge1-x-ySixSny is the possibility of independent adjustment of lattice constant and band gap. For the same value of the lattice constant one can obtain band gaps differing by more than 0.2 eV, even if the Sn-concentration is limited to the range y < 0.2. This property can be used to develop a variety of novel devices, from multicolor detectors to multiple junction photovoltaic cells. A linear interpolation of band gaps lattice constants between Si, Ge and alpha-Sn shows that it is possible to obtain SiGeSn with a band gap and a lattice constant larger than that of Ge. This feature can be exploited to make a tensile-strained Ge-on-SiGeSn telecomm detector with improved performance. A tensile-strain-induced direct gap of Ge should find applications in laser diodes and electroptical modulators. Although our work to date represents a significant initial effort, it also lays the foundation for the systematic application of Sn-containing materials to "silicon photonics," a new area of material science and engineering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-915-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 958 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Crystallography; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF38 UT WOS:000246426600002 ER PT S AU Newman, AM Kuchta, M Martinez, M AF Newman, Alexandra M. Kuchta, Mark Martinez, Michael BE Weintraub, A TI LONG- AND SHORT-TERM PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AT LKAB'S KIRUNA MINE SO HANDBOOK OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN NATURAL RESOURCES SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Integer programming; production scheduling; underground mining; applications AB LKAB's Kiruna mine is an underground sublevel caving mine located above the Arctic circle in northern Sweden. The iron ore mine currently uses a long-term production scheduling model to strategically plan its ore extraction sequence. In this chapter, we describe how we modify this model to consider several different levels of time resolution in the short-versus long-term, and provide guidance for increasing model tractability. We demonstrate numerically the increase in schedule quality and model tractability as a result of these modifications. C1 [Newman, Alexandra M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kuchta, Mark] Colorado Sch Mines, Min Engn Dept, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Martinez, Michael] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Newman, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anewman@mines.edu; mkuchta@mines.edu; michael.martinez@usafa.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-71815-6 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2007 VL 99 BP 579 EP 593 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-71815-6_31 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-71815-6 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Engineering, Industrial; Fisheries; Forestry; Operations Research & Management Science; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Agriculture; Engineering; Fisheries; Forestry; Operations Research & Management Science; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLN00 UT WOS:000270557700031 ER PT S AU Shattuck, JL Parisi, VM Smerdon, AJ AF Shattuck, Judson La Moure, III Parisi, Vincent M., II Smerdon, Arryn J. BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Head tracker evaluation utilizing the Dynamic Tracker Test Fixture - art. no. 655706 SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE azimuth measurement; head tracker; helmet-mounted trackers; dynamic measurement; static measurement AB In military aviation, head tracker technologies have become increasingly important to track the pilot's head position and orientation, allowing the user to quickly interact with the operational environment. This technology allows the pilot to quickly acquire items of interest and see Fighter Data Link type information. Acquiring the target on a helmet-mounted tracker/display which can automatically slew a weapon's seeker is far more efficient than having to point at the target with the nose of the aircraft as previously required for the heads-up display (HUD) type of target acquisition. The United States Air Force (USAF) has used and evaluated a variety of helmet-mounted trackers for incorporation into their high performance aircrafts. The Dynamic Tracker Test Fixture (DTTF) was designed by the Helmet-Mounted Sensory Technology (HMST) laboratory to accurately measure rotation in one plane both static and dynamic conditions for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of head trackers, including magnetic, inertial, and optical trackers. This paper describes the design, construction, capabilities, limitations, and performance of the DTTF. C1 USAF, AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,AFRL HECV, Warfighter Interface Div,Battlespace Visualizat B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shattuck, JL (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,AFRL HECV, Warfighter Interface Div,Battlespace Visualizat B, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP 55706 EP 55706 AR 655706 DI 10.1117/12.722508 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700003 ER PT S AU Shattuck, JLM Parisi, VM Smerdon, AJ AF Shattuck, Judson La Moure, III Parisi, Vincent M., II Smerdon, Arryn J. BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Non-contact method for characterization of a rotational table - art. no. 655707 SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE non-contact measurement; optical measurement; rotational table AB The United States Air Force (USAF) uses and evaluates a variety of helmet-mounted trackers for incorporation into their high performance aircraft. The primary head tracker technologies commercially available are magnetic trackers, inertial trackers, and optical trackers. Each head tracker has a unique method of determining the pilot's head position within the cockpit of the aircraft. Magnetic trackers generally have a small head mounted size and minimal head weight. Because they sense a generated magnetic field, their accuracy can be affected by other magnetic fields or ferrous components within the cockpit. Inertial trackers cover the entire head motion box but require constant motion in order to accommodate drifting of the inertial sensors or a secondary system that updates the inertial system, often referred to as a hybrid system. Although optical head trackers (OHT) are immune to magnetic fields some of their limitations may be daylight/night vision goggle (NVG) compatibility issues and, depending on system configuration, may require numerous emitters and/or receivers to cover a large head motion box and provide a wide field of regard. The Dynamic Tracker Test Fixture (DTTF) was designed by the Helmet Mounted Sensory Technology (HMST) laboratory to accurately measure azimuth rotation in both static and dynamic conditions for the purpose of determining the accuracy of a variety of head trackers(1,2). Before the DTTF could be used as an evaluation tool, it required characterization to determine the amount and location of any induced elevation or roll as the table rotated in azimuth. Optimally, the characterization method would not affect the DTTF's movement so a non-contact method was devised. This paper describes the characterization process and its results. C1 USAF, AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,AFRL HECV, Warfighter Interface Div,Battlespace Visualizat B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shattuck, JL (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,AFRL HECV, Warfighter Interface Div,Battlespace Visualizat B, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP 55707 EP 55707 AR 655707 DI 10.1117/12.722514 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700004 ER PT S AU Saini, GS AF Saini, Gurdial S. BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Wireless communication technology as applied to head mounted display for a tactical fighter pilot - art. no. 655710 SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB The use of Helmet-Mounted Display/Tracker (HMD/Ts) is becoming widespread for air-to-air, within visual range target acquisition for a tactical fighter pilot. HMD/Ts provide the aircrew with a significant amount of information on the helmet, which reduces the burden of the aircrew from having to continually look down in the cockpit to receive information. HMD/Ts allow the aircrew to receive flight and targeting information regardless of line-of-sight, which should increase the aircrew's situation awareness and mission effectiveness. Current technology requires that a pilot wearing a Helmet Mounted Display/Tracker be connected to the aircraft with a cable. The design of this cable is complex, costly, and its use can decrease system reliability. Most of the problems associated with the use of cable can be alleviated by using wireless transmission for all signals. This will significantly reduce or eliminate the requirements of the interconnect cable/connector reducing system complexity, and cost, and enhancing system safety. A number of wireless communication technologies have been discussed in this paper and the rationale for selecting one particular technology for this application has been shown. The problems with this implementation and the direction of the future effort are outlined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Visualizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saini, GS (reprint author), 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 3005G, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP 55710 EP 55710 AR 655710 DI 10.1117/12.719569 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700029 ER PT S AU Swinney, MW Marasco, PL Heft, EL AF Swinney, Mathew W. Marasco, Peter L. Heft, Eric L. BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Comparison of experimental vision performance testing techniques, including the implementation of an active matrix electrophoretic ink display - art. no. 65570Q SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE visual performance testing; night vision devices; electrophoretic ink display; short-wave infrared; near-infrared AB Standard black and white printed targets have been used for numerous vision related experiments, and are ideal with respect to contrast and spectral uniformity in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. However, these targets lack the ability to refresh, update, or perform as a real-time, dynamic stimulus. This impacts their ability to be used in various standard vision performance measurement techniques. Emissive displays, such as a LCD's, possess some of the attributes printed targets lack, but come with a disadvantage of their own: LCD's lack the spectral uniformity of printed targets, making them of debatable value for presenting test targets in the near and short wave infrared regions of the spectrum. Yet a new option has recently become viable that may retain favorable attributes of both of the previously mentioned alternatives. The electrophoretic ink display is a dynamic, refreshable, and easily manipulated display that performs much like printed targets with respect to spectral uniformity. This paper will compare and contrast the various techniques that can be used to measure observer visual performance through night vision devices and imagers - focusing on the visible to infrared region of the EM spectrum. Furthermore, it will quantify the electrophoretic ink display option, determining its advantages and situations that it would be best suited for. C1 AFRL HECV, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Swinney, MW (reprint author), AFRL HECV, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP Q5570 EP Q5570 AR 65570Q DI 10.1117/12.722396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700020 ER PT S AU Martinsen, G Havig, P Dykes, J Kuyk, T Mclin, L AF Martinsen, Gary Havig, Paul Dykes, James Kuyk, Thomas McLin, Leon BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Night vision goggles, laser eye protection, and cockpit displays - art. no. 65570V SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE night vision goggles; laser eye protection; visual displays AB The increasing use of lasers on the modem battlefield may necessitate the wear of laser eye protection devices (LEPDs) by warfighters. Unfortunately, LEPDs that protect against visible laser wavelengths often reduce overall light transmittance and a wearer's vision can be degraded, especially in low light conditions. Wearing night vision goggles (NVGs) provides laser eye protection behind the goggles, but NVGs do not block lasers that might enter the eye around the NVGs. Therefore, LEPDs will be worn under NVGs. People wearing NVGs look below the NVGs to read displays and for other near vision tasks. This effort involved determining the effects of wearing variable density filters on vision in low light conditions, with and without the presence of a simulated head-down display (HDD). Each subject's visual acuity was measured under moonlight illumination levels while wearing neutral density filters and LEPDs. Similar measurements of the subjects' visual detection thresholds, both on and off-axis, were made. Finally, the effects of wearing variable density filters on visual acuity on the HDD were determined. Wearing variable density filters in low-light conditions reduces visual acuity and detection. The presence of the HDD reduced acuity slightly through variable density filters but. the HDD had no effect on on-axis detection and actually improved off-axis detection. The reasons for this final finding are unclear. C1 AFRL HECV, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martinsen, G (reprint author), AFRL HECV, AF Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP V5570 EP V5570 AR 65570V DI 10.1117/12.720864 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700024 ER PT S AU Lindgren, E Aldrin, JC Jata, K Scholes, B Knopp, J AF Lindgren, Eric Aldrin, John C. Jata, Kumar Scholes, Brett Knopp, Jeremy BE Kundu, T TI Ultrasonic plate waves for fatigue crack detection in multi-layered metallic structures SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE aircraft structures; cracks; finite element method; guided waves; structural health monitoring ID LAMB WAVES AB A representative area of concern for fatigue crack growth in aircraft occurs in multi-layered metallic structures. Ultrasonic plate waves are currently being investigated by multiple initiatives to detect these types of flaws with a minimal number of sensors to enable Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Previous work has focused on structures with one or two layers, coupled with modeling of the wave propagation within these representative samples. However, it is common for multi-layered structures to have more than two layers in many areas of interest. Therefore, this study investigates ultrasonic wave propagation and flaw detection in a multi-layered sample consisting of 2 to 4 total layers with fatigue cracks located in only one layer. The samples contain fastener holes configured as would be expected to find on typical aircraft structure. The flaws in this study are represented by electric discharge machined (EDM) notches. Preliminary measurements show that EDM notches can be detected by the guided ultrasonic waves, but that the sensitivity to EDM notch location is dependent on the boundary conditions of each layer. The boundary conditions are changed by applying various loads on the surface of each layer by tightening and loosening the fasteners that hold the sample together. This variation depicts representative conditions found of aircraft. The experimental results are supplemented by modeling of the guided wave propagation within the structure using the Finite Element Method. The primary parameter studied in the modeling effort is the effect of the changes in the boundary condition on the mode and amplitude of the guided wave. The results of this investigation establish some guidelines for the use of guided waves in multi-layered structures, plus challenges that exist for their use in SHM applications and strategies to address these challenges. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindgren, E (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6653-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6532 AR 653207 DI 10.1117/12.714764 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ50 UT WOS:000247600300005 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Ehrenreich, T Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Ehrenreich, Thomas Knize, Randall J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI A laser diode array pumped cesium vapor laser SO HIGH ENERGY /AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CS; REDUCTION; RB AB An efficient Cesium vapor laser pumped with a continuous wave narrowband Laser Diode Array (LDA) has been demonstrated. To obtain a high lasing efficiency, it is necessary to narrow the linewidth of the pumping LDA to match the Cs atom absorption line. An external cavity with holographic grating was used to narrow the linewidth of a commercially available LDA to a value of 11 GHz that matches the Cs vapor absorption line broadened by a buffer gas at atmospheric pressure. The developed pump source was used for pumping a Cs vapor laser, which operated at 894 nm. Preliminary experiments yielded 400 mW output power and about 20% slope efficiency. The laser efficiency can be significantly increased by optimizing the cell and cavity design and matching the pump beam to the cavity mode size. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.af.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6567-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6454 AR 64540M DI 10.1117/12.696658 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGA78 UT WOS:000245825200020 ER PT S AU Sorensen, B Ramachandran, S AF Sorensen, Barbara Ramachandran, Sowmya BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G TI Simulation-based automated intelligent tutoring SO HUMAN INTERFACE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION: INTERACTING IN INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Interface and the Management of Information held at HCI International 2007 CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE simulation-based training; intelligent tutoring; scenario authoring tool AB Simulation-based training has traditionally relied on live simulations for the specification of training scenarios. However, both the logistics and cost of live simulation constrain how often that form of training can be accessible. As the healthcare community begins to invest significantly in simulation-based training, it is running against the limitation of requiring expensive hands-on instructor-led facilitation to make it effective. New technological advances applied to simulation-based training provide automated coaching and feedback which reduce the need for instructor facilitation, thus making simulation-based training cost-effective and feasible. The design and development of SimCore (Simulate, Coach, Review), a simulation based framework that adds intelligent performance assessment and coaching facilities to training simulations, is discussed. Through the use of SimCore, simulation developers are able to convert their simulations into automated, intelligent tutors. SimCore is a unique application that includes a scenario authoring tool tailored to the medical domain that can be used to rapidly customize existing scenarios or to create new ones. C1 [Sorensen, Barbara] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. [Ramachandran, Sowmya] Stottler Henke Assoc Inc, San Mateo, CA USA. RP Sorensen, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. EM Barbara.sorensen@mesa.afmc.af.mil; Sowmya@stottlerhenke.com NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73353-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4558 BP 466 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGM91 UT WOS:000248534500051 ER PT J AU Mangos, PM Steele-Johnson, D LaHuis, D White, ED AF Mangos, Phillip M. Steele-Johnson, Debra LaHuis, David White, Edward D., III TI A multiple-task measurement framework for assessing maximum-typical performance SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID MOTIVATION; VALIDITY; MODEL; WORK AB This study presents a novel measurement framework for assessing and predicting maximum and typical performance. The proposed measurement approach addresses the need for organizations to assess maximum and typical performance changes over time in complex job settings requiring coordination of multiple tasks with changing priorities. We. present results of an experiment in which participants engaged in a complex task with multiple task elements and instructions to either maximize a different task element in each of four performance blocks (variable-priority condition) or treat all task elements with equal priority (stable-priority condition). We estimated growth curves corresponding to each task element and calculated the area under each growth curve as a summary performance index. Growth curves corresponding to the maximized, high-priority task element in the variable-priority condition reflected maximum performance, whereas those corresponding to the deemphasized, lower priority elements reflected typical performance. We compared the shape of the maximum and typical growth curves in the variable-priority condition to their corresponding performance trajectories in the stable-priority condition. In addition, we tested the moderating influence of individual differences in action-state orientation on the obtained maximum and typical performance estimates. Results indicated support for the proposed measurement framework in terms of its usefulness for inducing sustained levels of maximum performance and for identifying and correcting sources of the maximurn-typical performance discrepancy. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Mangos, PM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, 12350 Res Pkwy,Code 4651, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM phillip.mangos@navy.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 241 EP 258 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 186TY UT WOS:000247802400006 ER PT B AU Tornasic, B Steyskal, H AF Tornasic, Boris Steyskal, Hans BE Bonefacic, D TI Minimum Q of the element in an infinite phased array - TM(z) case SO ICECOM 2007: 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND COMMUNICATIONS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA AB In [1] we presented a method for evaluating the minimum Q of the element in an infinite active phased array. Specific application of the method was made to the evaluation of the Q of a magnetic current source radiating cylindrical TE(z) modes. In this paper we extend the analysis to an electric current source radiating cylindrical TM(z) modes. As a reference, we also derive the Q of a single cylindrical source over a ground plane, since this is not found in the literature. C1 [Tornasic, Boris; Steyskal, Hans] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tornasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREMA PI ZAGREB PA UNSKA 3, ZAGREB, 00000, CROATIA BN 978-953-6037-50-6 PY 2007 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHU96 UT WOS:000256621300056 ER PT B AU Paul, JV Stone, SJ Kim, YC Bennington, RW AF Paul, Jason V. Stone, Samuel J. Kim, Yong C. Bennington, Robert W. BE Amano, H Ye, A Ikenaga, T TI A method and FPGA architecture for real-time polymorphic reconfiguration SO ICFPT 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference on Field Programmable Technology CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEICE ISS Tech Comm RECONF, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu, FPGA Consortium, HuMANDATA Ltd, IPFlex Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Micro Comp Applicat Software Co Ltd, Synplicity KK, Tateno Dennou Inc, Tokyo Elect Device Ltd, Xilinx KK DE FPGA; reconfiguration; anti-tamper; fault tolerant AB Current FPGA architectures are limited in the area of granular reconfiguration. This is largely due to the limited use of reconfigurable designs and the focus on reconfiguring entire modules as opposed to fine details of a design. The ability to reconfigure a circuits' characteristics can have huge rewards in the areas of circuit survivability, fault tolerance and anti tamper. This paper addresses this need as well as a proposed dynamically reconfigurable FPGA implementing custom retiming algorithms combined with dynamic signature generation. Through the use of this design, users can significantly increase their level of control of an FPGA design in an effort to address the problems of anti-tamper, circuit survivability and fault tolerance. C1 [Paul, Jason V.; Bennington, Robert W.] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Stone, Samuel J.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kim, Yong C.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Paul, JV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM Jason.Paul@us.af.mil; Samuel.Stone@us.af.mil; Yong.Kim@afit.edu; Robert.Bennington@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1471-0 PY 2007 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHJ65 UT WOS:000253608400009 ER PT B AU Bryant, A Grimaila, M AF Bryant, Adam Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Developing a framework to improve information assurance battlespace knowledge SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE information assurance; metrics; strategic alignment AB In any organization that operates in cyberspace, it is necessary to clearly understand the information battlespace. Defensive information battlespace knowledge can be provided by detailed analysis of carefully selected metrics using automated analysis, data mining, and data calls. Gathering data for metrics involves many of the same pitfalls as collecting data in research but also incurs the intra-organizational communication problems inherent in organizations. These factors make it difficult to turn data and metrics into decision-ready knowledge. This paper explores data gathering in an organization as a research program and a knowledge transfer activity. C1 [Bryant, Adam; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900003 ER PT B AU Bryant, S Grimaila, M AF Bryant, Scott Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Security risks in USAF geospatial information sharing SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE geospatial information security; USAF geoBase; terrorism; targeting; information sharing AB Technological advancements such as Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and the Internet have made it easier and affordable to share information, thus enabling complex and time sensitive decisions to be made with higher confidence. However, the sharing of information also increases the likelihood that an adversary can gain illicit access to the information. Today's military leaders are faced with the challenge of deciding how to make geospatial information collected on military installations and organizations available to authorized communities of interest while simultaneously restricting access to protect operational security. In this paper, we explore the security implications of the US Air Force's applied Geospatial Information System (GeoBase) program. We examine the rapid expansion of the use of GeoBase to communities outside of the civil engineering field; examine the intrinsic and extrinsic security risks of the unconstrained sharing of geospatial information; and explore difficulties encountered when attempting to facilitate sharing geospatial information sharing while minimizing the associated operational risks. C1 [Bryant, Scott; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900004 ER PT B AU Edge, K Raines, R Baldwin, R Grimaila, M Reuter, C Bennington, R AF Edge, Kenneth Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Grimaila, Michael Reuter, Christopher Bennington, Robert BE Armistead, L TI Analyzing security measures for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using attack and protection trees SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE protection tree; attack tree; MANET; security; risk analysis; multi objective AB Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) consist of multiple individual wireless nodes that together form a mobile computing network without any centralised control. MANETs are desirable for various applications due to their inherent mobility and connectivity. A major disadvantage of MANETs is their complex security issues. This paper explores these security issues using a methodical process that implements attack and protection trees. Attack trees are an established method of conducting a risk analysis on a MANET. This paper builds on this methodology by also incorporating protection trees. Protection trees are derived from attack trees and provide a means to allocate limited resources to defend against specific attacks. Protection trees are produced systematically by first developing an attack tree, computing metrics, for each node of an attack, and developing a corresponding protection tree with similar metrics. In this paper, a generic MANET is implemented and attack and protection trees are used to analyze the security of this network. This analysis of the MANET is a multi-objective problem with competing objectives of cost and performance. Methods are developed to use protection trees while determining the most efficient types of protection to implement depending on the application. Using the results of this analysis, a security scheme can be implemented which obtains the best results with the least amount of resources. C1 [Edge, Kenneth; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900006 ER PT B AU Fortson, L Grimaila, M AF Fortson, Larry Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Development of a defensive cyber damage assessment framework SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE damage assessment; information asset valuation; decision making AB Information is a vital resource used in all aspects of modern military operations. Information is collected, processed, analyzed, and distributed to support situational awareness, operations planning, intelligence, and command decision making. The dependence upon information creates significant operational risk to the organizational mission when an information incident occurs. In this paper, we discuss the findings of a US Air Force research project focused on improving the defensive cyber damage assessment process. We identify gaps in the risk management process, discuss the existing incident response and damage assessment process, and propose changes to the damage assessment process as well as identify organizational implementation challenges. The results of the research provide a roadmap for the implementation of a real-time situational awareness tool that maps the technical impact of an information incident to an impact on mission capability. C1 [Fortson, Larry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900008 ER PT B AU Mott, S Williams, P AF Mott, Stephen Williams, Paul BE Armistead, L TI Creating hardware-based primitives that facilitate the exposure of state information useful for security related monitoring SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE intrusion detection (id); security policy compliance monitoring (spcm); parallel monitoring; asymmetric computing AB The Co-processor Intrusion Detection System (CuPIDS) is an intrusion detection system (IDS) we are using to explore ways in which security-focused hardware primitives can improve the security of modern computer architectures without compromising performance. While focusing on intrusion detection, CuPIDS also allows for application focused security policy compliance monitoring (SPCM). Previous work on CuPIDS (CuPIDS-Purdue) proved that leveraging multiple CPUs in an asymmetrically parallel manner can reliably detect a multitude of attack/exploit types in real-time for real world applications - a sought after capability in the security monitoring field. Our research - the CuPIDS-AFIT project - furthers this effort by exploring novel hardware-based primitives that support parallel monitoring for real-time intrusion detection (ID) and SPCM tasks. The availability of processors embedded within a field programmable gate array (FPGA) afford us the opportunity to develop practical means by which we can implement these primitives to gain and transmit state information in hardware by methods not possible previously. From this, we have shifted CuPIDS' reliance on the host operating system (OS) to dedicated hardware for viewing and reporting system state information. This makes the IDS itself more secure from attack, tangibly improves runtime efficiency and time to detection, as well as enables new means by which real-time ID and SPCM are implemented. C1 [Mott, Stephen; Williams, Paul] USAF, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900020 ER PT B AU Allen, JN Hasan, SB Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL AF Allen, Jacob N. Hasan, Safa B. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Ewing, Robert L. BE Zorian, Y ElTahawy, H Ivanov, A Salem, A TI A low-power Haar-wavelet preprocessing approach for a SNN olfactory system SO IDT 2007: SECOND INTERNATIONAL DESIGN AND TEST WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Design and Test Workshop CY DEC 16-18, 2007 CL Cairo, EGYPT AB A low frequency and low power spiking neural network chip is designed to classify polymer film electronic nose patterns. A simulation model for polymer film chemical sensors is developed and compared to other approaches. The final chip design uses wavelet pre-processing for fault tolerance and operates at just 20Khz. C1 [Allen, Jacob N.; Hasan, Safa B.; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Allen, JN (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. FU AFRL/CERC [FA8650-04-2-4201] FX This work is partially supported by the research grant #FA8650-04-2-4201, task 10 from the AFRL/CERC (2004-07). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S.Government. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1824-4 PY 2007 BP 222 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHF72 UT WOS:000252739600041 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Wilson, JR Yakura, SJ Christodoulou, C Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, Phumin Wilson, Justin R. Yakura, S. Joe Christodoulou, Christos Islam, Naz E. TI A modular junction topological approach to aperture - System interaction problem SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic topology; multiconductor transmission-line network; system interaction; topological simulation AB A new approach to perform electromagnetic topology based simulation is proposed by incorporating a modular scattering junction concept. This method substitutes the multistep computation technique presented earlier and is convenient to implement. The method also allows for incorporating substructural modifications without repeating solutions to the entire system. The simulation of the overall interaction utilizes transmission-line matrix compaction, finite-difference time-domain method, and reciprocity theorem to create different junctions. Results are compared with experiments conducted in the laboratory. A good agreement is shown for the simulated and experimental data. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin; Wilson, Justin R.; Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yakura, S. Joe] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2007 VL 6 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2007.897511 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 254XT UT WOS:000252622000081 ER PT J AU Griffith, G Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, WD Khoury, J Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Griffith, Gregory Haji-saeed, Bahareh Sengupta, Sandip K. Goodhue, William D. Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John TI Patterned multipixel membrane mirror MEMS optically addressed spatial light modulator with megahertz response SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; microstructure devices; optoelectronics ID DRIVEN DEFORMABLE MEMBRANE; BIAS AB In this letter, we report the fabrication, modeling and characterization of an all-optically addressed spring patterned silicon-nitride deformable mirror microelectromechanical-systems device. Combinations of high-frequency ac and dc bias voltages are applied across the device. The experimental verified theoretical modeling for this device shows the mirror deflection saturation as a function of light intensity appropriate for the dynamic range compression deconvolution. Frequency response up to 10 MHz, practical for correcting very fast turbulences, was measured. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Palomar Med Technol, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Griffith, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2-4 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.890029 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 157MK UT WOS:000245724000039 ER PT J AU Luminati, JE Hale, TB Temple, MA Havrilla, MJ Oxley, ME AF Luminati, Jonathan E. Hale, Todd B. Temple, Michael A. Havrilla, Michael J. Oxley, Mark E. TI Doppler aliasing reduction in SAR imagery using stepped-frequency waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB A new technique for eliminating Doppler aliasing artifacts in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is presented. The technique uses continuous transmission of stepped-frequency (SF) waveforms to generate a simple, but effective, approximation of a two-dimensional vertical bar sinc vertical bar(2) ambiguity function. This approach ensures aliasing artifacts are placed at nulls in a Doppler filter, effectively removing them from the imagery. Various methods of generating SF waveforms are introduced and their performance is quantified. Finally, simulated SAR imagery shows elimination of more than 99% of the aliased energy. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luminati, JE (reprint author), 2160 Capstone Circle, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. EM jluminati@gmail.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.357124 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 172CD UT WOS:000246780800013 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Rangaswamy, M AF Srinivasan, Rajan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Importance sampling for characterizing STAP detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID CLUTTER AB This paper describes the development of adaptive importance sampling (IS) techniques for estimating false alarm probabilities of detectors that use space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms. Fast simulation using IS methods has been notably successful in the study of conventional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) radar detectors, and in several other applications. The principal objectives here are to examine the viability of using these methods for STAP detectors, develop them into powerful analysis and design algorithms and, in the long term, use them for synthesizing novel detection structures. The adaptive matched filter (AMF) detector has been analyzed successfully using fast simulation. Of two biasing methods considered, one is implemented and shown to yield good results. The important problem of detector threshold determination is also addressed, with matching outcome. As an illustration of the power of these methods, two variants of the square-law AMF detector that are thought to be robust under heterogeneous clutter conditions have also been successfully investigated. These are the envelope-law and geometric-mean STAP detectors. Their CFAR property is established and performance evaluated. It turns out the variants have detection performances better than those of the AMF detector for training data contaminated by interferers. In summary, the work reported here paves the way for development of advanced estimation techniques that can facilitate design of powerful and robust detection algorithms. C1 Univ Twente, Telecommun Engn Grp, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Univ Twente, Telecommun Engn Grp, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.357133 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 172CD UT WOS:000246780800022 ER PT J AU Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M AF Linnehan, Robert Brady, David Schindler, John Perlovsky, Leonid Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI On the design of SAR apertures using the Cramer-Rao bound SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The Cramer-Rao inequality is applied to the likelihood function of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scatterer parameter vector to relate the choice of flight path to estimation performance. Estimation error bounds for the scatterer parameter vector (including height) are developed for multi-dimensional synthetic apertures, and quantify the performance enhancement over a limited sector of the image plane relative to standard-aperture single-pass SAR missions. An efficient means for the design and analysis of SAR waveforms and flight paths is proposed using simulated scattering models that are limited in size. Comparison of the error bounds to those for standard-aperture SAR show that estimates of scatterer range and cross-range positions are accurate for multi-dimensional aperture SAR, even with the additional estimator for height. Furthermore, multi-dimensional SAR is shown to address the layover problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.linnehan@hanscom.af.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 344 EP 355 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.357138 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 172CD UT WOS:000246780800027 ER PT J AU Marsh, ED Reid, JR Vasilyev, VS AF Marsh, Eric D. Reid, James Robert Vasilyev, Vladimir S. TI Gold-plated micromachined millimeter-wave resonators based on rectangular coaxial transmission lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE micromachining; millimeter-wave resonators; Q factor; transmission line resonators AB Resonators based on microfabricated rectangular coaxial (recta-coax) transmission lines are presented. The resonators were fabricated using a multilayered nickel electroplating process that enables the fabrication of three-dimensional structures. As a method to improve performance, gold was plated on the resonators using an electroless process. A model for predicting the effect of the plating on a resonator quality (Q) factor is presented and verified by measurements. Measured resonators show that the plating can increase the Q factor of nickel resonators by over 50% at frequencies above 44 GHz. Utilizing gold plating, 50-Omega resonators are demonstrated at 44 and 60 GHZ with unloaded Q factors of 213.1 and 242.3, respectively. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. S4 Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Marsh, ED (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Eric.Marsh@hanscom.af.mil; James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil; vladimir.vasilyev@hanscom.af.mil NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.888947 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 127XS UT WOS:000243620200010 ER PT J AU Roelke, G Baldwin, R Bulutoglu, D AF Roelke, George Baldwin, Rusty Bulutoglu, Dursun TI Analytical models for the performance of von Neumann multiplexing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer architecture; fault tolerance; Markov processes; multiplexing; nanotechnology ID TOLERANT; ARCHITECTURE; COMPUTATION; NOISE AB As conventional silicon CMOS technology continues to shrink, logic circuits are increasingly subject to errors induced by electrical noise. In addition, device reliability will become a problem, and circuits will be subject to permanent faults. Rather than requiring the circuit to be defect-free, fault-tolerance techniques can be incorporated to allow the continued operation of these devices in the presence of defects. We present an improved model for the reliability Of NAND multiplexing, a fault-tolerance technique typically requiring large levels of redundancy. It extends previous models to account for dependence between the inputs and derives the distribution of the outputs of each stage when subject to errors. The Markov chain approach used in earlier models is shown to be correct in modeling the effect of multiple stages. Our new model produces more accurate results for moderate levels of redundancy. An example shows the required hardware redundancy is reduced by 50% versus the previous binomial model. In addition, three new types of errors are modeled: the output stuck-at-one, output stuck-at-zero, and input stuck-at-zero faults. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roelke, G (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2006.886737 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 132BS UT WOS:000243917700013 ER PT J AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. TI Fast-converging blind adaptive channel-shortening and frequency-domain equalization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive; blind; channel shortening; cyclic prefix; equalization; multicarrier ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; MULTICARRIER SYSTEMS; SINGLE-CARRIER; BROAD-BAND; TRANSMISSION; ALGORITHMS; EQUALIZERS; DESIGN; TEQ AB Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission format for emerging wireless communication systems, including satellite radio, various wireless local area network (LAN) standards, and digital broadcast television. Single-carrier cyclic-prefixed (SCCP) modulation is similar to OFDM, but with all frequency-domain operations performed at the receiver. Systems employing OFDM and SCCP perform well in the presence of multipath provided that the channel delay spread is shorter than the guard interval between transmitted blocks. If this condition is not met, a channel-shortening equalizer can be used to shorten the channel to the desired length. In modestly time-varying environments, an adaptive channel shortener is of interest. All existing adaptive channel shorteners require renormalization to restrain the channel shortener away from zero. In this paper, we study the use of a unit-tap constraint rather than a unit-norm constraint on the adaptive channel shortener. We use this constraint to manipulate existing algorithms into a framework analogous to the recursive least squares algorithm, and we develop adaptation rules for blind and semiblind frequency domain equalizers for SCCP receivers. Simulations of the proposed algorithms show an order of magnitude improvement in convergence speed, as well as a reduced asymptotic bit error rate. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1109/TSP.2006.882065 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 123FH UT WOS:000243281200011 ER PT S AU Barton, RJ Collins, PJ Crittenden, PE Havrilla, MJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Barton, Richard J. Collins, Peter J. Crittenden, Paul E. Havrilla, Michael J. Terzuoli, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI A compact passive broadband hexagonal spiral antenna array for VHF remote sensing SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE spiral antennas; antenna arrays; VHF antennas; broadband antennas AB This paper presents the results of research exploring compact antenna design techniques for a desired 10:1 bandwidth in the Very High Frequency (VHF) band for remote sensing applications. A relatively compact antenna array has been developed to efficiently receive arbitrary RF signals across the entire 30 to 300 MHz VHF spectrum. Specifically, the antenna fits within a 3 meter cube, is capable of receiving both horizontally and vertically polarized signals, and has a single main beam that consistently maintains a beamwidth close to 45 degrees. Additionally it has only one output, and it is entirely passive, i.e. no power is provided to the antenna. C1 [Barton, Richard J.; Collins, Peter J.; Crittenden, Paul E.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422864 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300150 ER PT S AU Cipar, J Lockwood, R Cooley, T Grigsby, P AF Cipar, John Lockwood, Ronald Cooley, Thomas Grigsby, Peggy GP IEEE TI Testing an automated unsupervised classification algorithm with diverse land covers SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE DATA AB We test a new automatic unsupervised classification algorithm designed for hyperspectral images. The algorithm automatically determines the number of clusters in the image by finding dense regions of the pixel cloud. A variation on migrating means clustering is used to find the dense regions. Five scenes from an airborne AVIRIS data set are used to test the algorithm. The algorithm successfully finds the dominant land covers and many areally small land covers, such as roads and other man-made structures. C1 [Cipar, John; Lockwood, Ronald; Cooley, Thomas] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Grigsby, Peggy] Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cipar, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2589 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423374 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302217 ER PT S AU Stefanou, MS Kerekes, JP AF Stefanou, Marcus S. Kerekes, John P. GP IEEE TI Spectral image utility prediction SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE spectral image utility; target detection preformance prediction; hyperspectral AB The utility of an image is an attribute that describes the ability of that image to satisfy performance requirements for a particular application task. The robust ability to predict the utility of an image for a given application would facilitate sensor design trade studies, provide a basis for tasking image collection activities, and create the foundation for an image archive indexing scheme. In this paper, we examine methods for predicting the utility of spectral images for detecting sub-pixel targets using the constrained energy minimization matched filter detector. The result of our initial work is a prediction of the likelihood of finding a synthetically implanted target in a target-free image in advance of actually applying the detector. We define image utility for the target detection application as the probability of detection at a specified probability of false alarm. We analytically predict this utility for a given image by first estimating statistical parameters directly from the image, then operating on these parameters with the matched filter detector. Three parametric statistical models are used for characterizing the image background: the global Gaussian, the multiple-class Gaussian, and the elliptically contoured t-distributions. The target models come from a library of target materials and are assumed to be multivariate Gaussian with known mean and covariance. We benchmark prediction performance by comparing predicted detection probabilities to empirical results obtained by applying the detector to the data for two HYDICE images. Our longer term objective is to build on this initial result by developing a more general spectral image quality and utility framework and specific metrics for the prediction of utility across many potential applications. C1 [Stefanou, Marcus S.] USAF, Rochester Inst Technol, New York, NY 14623 USA. RP Stefanou, MS (reprint author), USAF, Rochester Inst Technol, New York, NY 14623 USA. EM mss3679@cis.rit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2800 EP 2803 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423424 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303035 ER PT S AU Repperger, DW Pinkus, AR Skipper, JA Schrider, CD AF Repperger, Daniel W. Pinkus, Alan R. Skipper, Julie A. Schrider, Christina D. BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO Dougherty, ER TI Stochastic resonance investigation of object detection in images - art. no. 649703 SO Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems V CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE stochastic Resonance; nonlinear dynamics; object identification; signal-to-noise ratio amplification ID TO-NOISE RATIO; MUTUAL INFORMATION; ADDING NOISE; SIGNAL; SYSTEMS; NEURONS; INPUT AB Object detection in images was conducted using a nonlinear means of improving signal to noise ratio termed "stochastic resonance" (SR). In a recent United States patent application, it was shown that arbitrarily large signal to noise ratio gains could be realized when a signal detection problem is cast within the context of a SR filter. Signal-to-noise ratio measures were investigated. For a binary object recognition task (friendly versus hostile), the method was implemented by perturbing the recognition algorithm and subsequently thresholding via a computer simulation. To fairly test the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a unique database of images has been constructed by modifying two sample library objects by adjusting their brightness, contrast and relative size via commercial software to gradually compromise their saliency to identification. The key to the use of the SR method is to produce a small perturbation in the identification algorithm and then to threshold the results., thus improving the overall system's ability to discern objects. A background discussion of the SR method is presented. A standard test is proposed in which object identification algorithms could be fairly compared against each other with respect to their relative performance. C1 AFRL HEC, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), AFRL HEC, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6610-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6497 BP 49703 EP 49703 AR 649703 DI 10.1117/12.702514 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGF82 UT WOS:000246502400002 ER PT S AU Lockwood, RB Cooley, TW Nadile, RM Gardner, JA Armstrong, PS Payton, AM Davis, TM Straight, SD AF Lockwood, Ronald B. Cooley, Thomas W. Nadile, Richard M. Gardner, James A. Armstrong, Peter S. Payton, Abraham M. Davis, Thom M. Straight, Stanley D. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Advanced responsive tactically-effective military imaging spectrometer (ARTEMIS) system overview and objectives - art. no. 666102 SO Imaging Spectrometry XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XII CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA AB The Advanced Responsive Tactically-Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer (ARTEMIS) is under development for tactical military applications and is the primary payload for the TacSat-3 satellite. The optical design for the telescope, imaging spectrometer, and high resolution imager is described. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lockwood, RB (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6809-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6661 BP 66102 EP 66102 AR 666102 DI 10.1117/12.735844 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGU38 UT WOS:000250579000001 ER PT S AU Sanderson, RB McCalmont, JF Montgomery, JB Johnson, RS McDermott, DJ AF Sanderson, R. B. McCalmont, J. F. Montgomery, J. B. Johnson, R. S. McDermott, D. J. BE Holst, GC TI Near infrared testbed sensor - art. no. 654318 SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVIII CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB A new tactical airborne multicolor missile warning testbed was developed and fielded as part of an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) initiative focusing on clutter and missile signature measurements for algorithm development. Multicolor discrimination is one of the most effective ways of improving the performance of infrared missile warning sensors, particularly for heavy clutter situations. Its utility has been demonstrated in multiple fielded sensors. Traditionally, multicolor discrimination has been performed in the mid-infrared, 3-5 mu m band, where the molecular emission of CO and CO2 characteristic of a combustion process is readily distinguished from the continuum of a black body radiator. Current infrared warning sensor development is focused on near infrared (NIR) staring mosaic detector arrays that provide similar spectral discrimination in different bands to provide a cost effective and mechanically simpler system. This, in turn, has required that multicolor clutter data be collected for both analysis and algorithm development. The developed sensor test bed is a multi-camera system 1004x1004 FPA coupled with optimized filters integrated with the optics. The collection portion includes a ruggedized field-programmable gate array processor coupled with with an integrated controller/tracker and fast disk array capable of real-time processing and collection of up to 60 full frames per second. This configuration allowed the collection and real-time processing of temporally correlated, radiometrically calibrated data in multiple spectral bands that was then compared to background and target imagery taken previously. C1 SNJT, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanderson, RB (reprint author), SNJT, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6665-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6543 BP 54318 EP 54318 AR 654318 DI 10.1117/12.719868 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGR08 UT WOS:000249892800039 ER PT S AU Buchwald, WR Saxena, H Peale, RE AF Buchwald, W. R. Saxena, H. Peale, R. E. BE StrojnikScholl, M TI Tunable far-IR detectors/filters based on plasmons in two dimensional electron gases in InGaAs/InP heterostructures - art. no. 66780V SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE plasmon; terahertz; 2-deg; HEMT ID EFFECTIVE-MASS; INP; HEMT; GHZ AB Plasmons can be generated with photons in the two dimensional electron gas (2-deg) of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Because the plasmon frequency at a given wavevector depends on sheet charge density, a gate bias can tune the plasmon resonance. This effect allows a properly designed HEMT to be used as a voltage-tunable narrow-band detector or filter. This work reports on both the theory and design of such a device in the InP materials system and discusses its potential uses. By using a sub-micron grating to couple incident radiation to a high sheet charge 2-deg, a minimum detectible wavelength of roughly 26 microns is obtained. Fabrication issues, terahertz response, and tunability are discussed. Because of its small size, this novel device could find use in spaceborne remote sensing application. C1 [Buchwald, W. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6826-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6678 BP V6780 EP V6780 DI 10.1117/12.729298 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHI84 UT WOS:000253451100022 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Pasala, K Schneider, S Radcliffe, J Neidhard, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M AF Subramanyam, Guru Pasala, Krishna Schneider, Steven Radcliffe, Josh Neidhard, Robert Stamper, Keith Calcatera, Mark TI Ferroelectric varactor shunt switches for broadband phase control applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE tunable microwave dielectrics; ferroelectric thin-film; varactors; varactor shunt switches; cascaded shunt switches; phase control AB Our research group has recently demonstrated the operation of ferroelectric varactor shunt switches. The device operation is based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of a barium strontium titanate (BST 60/40) thin-film sandwiched between two metal layers in a parallel plate configuration. A4:1 change in the varactor capacitance has been achieved with a bias voltage < 10 V, through optimization of the nanostructured BST thin-film fabrication process on high resistivity Si substrates. In this work, we investigated the varactor shunt switches for broadband phase control applications. Varactor shunt switches and cascaded shunt switches were used for phase control circuits, due to the large phase shifts possible as a result of the dc bias dependent tunability of the varactor. The differential phase shift can be defined as the difference between the phase of S-21 at a dc bias voltage and zero-bias. The measured differential phase shift for a single varactor shunt switch was 30 +/- 2 degrees between 8 and 26 GHz at 8 V dc bias. A cascaded varactor shunt switch resulted in a differential phase shift of 110 degrees +/- 10 degrees over the bandwidth of 20 and 31 GHz. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru; Pasala, Krishna] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Schneider, Steven; Radcliffe, Josh; Neidhard, Robert; Stamper, Keith; Calcatera, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM gsmanyam@earthlink.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2007 VL 93 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1080/10584580701756227 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 246YB UT WOS:000252043200013 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Iyad, DA Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Iyad, Dajani A. Knize, R. J. TI Fabrication and characterization of periodically poled lithium niobate single crystal fibers SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY APR 23-27, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE domain structure; nonlinear optics; single crystal fiber; lithium niobate; frequency conversion; quasi-phase matching ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; OPTICAL SUPERLATTICE; GROWTH; LASER AB The nonlinear frequency conversion approach remains as the dominant approach to generate new laser wavelengths that are hardly achievable via regular lasing techniques relying on population inversion. Increasing either a media's optical nonlinearity or the power density of a fundamental beam or increasing both at the same time is believed to be very effective in order to enhance the nonlinear conversion efficiency. In this research, periodic ferroelectric domain structure was introduced into lithium niobate single crystal fibers by electrical poling, which then allows simultaneous use of efficient quasi-phase matching (QPM) method and strong optical confinement inside an optical fiber guide. The introduced periodic domain structures were revealed using a crossly polarized optical microscope (CPOM) and a confocal scanning optical microscope (CSOM) for quality assurance. Efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) characterization was also performed using such fibers. C1 USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2007 VL 90 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1080/10584580601099116 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 165JZ UT WOS:000246303100007 ER PT J AU Pack, DJ Klayton, AR AF Pack, Daniel J. Klayton, Alan R. TI Engineering education through robotics at the United States Air Force Academy SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE engineering education; robotics education; electrical and computer engineering curricula AB This paper discusses the use of robotics in the electrical and computer engineering curricula at the United States Air Force Academy. One of our important educational goals is to endow graduates with engineering fundamentals and the important hardware and software engineering skills associated with designing, programming, constructing, debugging, and tearing complex systems. To support this goal, we embed multiple opportunities into the curricula for students to learn and practice the requisite skills, gradually increasing the complexity as students advance in their respective programs. Robots play a vital role in providing such opportunities to our students. Collectively, robotics is incorporated into our curricular at two levels. At the fundamentals level, we use robots to teach basic concepts such as digital logic, analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, programming, and power management. These concepts then form the basis for the development of more advanced skills such as microcontroller interfacing, control, and circuit design. At the more advanced level, robotics provides students with multiple opportunities to work on sophisticated systems. Instead of focusing on a single and limited part of a robot, as is done at the fundamentals level, at this higher system level a robot is seen as a system consisting of multiple, interconnected subsystems. In addition to gaining specific engineering skills, system design provides students with valuable experience in partitioning difficult design problems from both the hardware and software perspectives, and facilitates the development of effective teamwork skills. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil; alan.klayton@usafa.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI SAN ANTONIO PA 18015 BOLLIS HILL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78258 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 148DJ UT WOS:000245054400005 ER PT J AU Otto, HF Tankersley, MS AF Otto, Hans F. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Grapple (R) allergy: The grape or the apple? SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; food allergy; grapple ID FOOD ALLERGY AB Background: Many foods can cause food allergies. Grapple (R) is just one of many new fruits recently introduced into grocery stores. Objective: To describe 2 unique patients with food allergies after consuming a unique food, a Grapple. Methods: Commercial skin prick testing, fresh fruit prick-prick and radioallergosorbent testing were used to characterize the food allergy reaction. Results: Clinical history and appropriate testing confirmed the Grapple food allergy. Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the first 2 case reports of food allergy to a new fruit called Grapple. These cases illustrate the importance of consumer labeling laws and careful identification of component ingredients by food-allergic individuals. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Spangdahlem AB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Med Grp 52, D-09137 Spangdahlem, Germany. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Otto, HF (reprint author), Spangdahlem AB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Med Grp 52, 52 MDOS-SGOL, D-09137 Spangdahlem, Germany. EM hans.otto@spangdahlem.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 2007 VL 143 IS 3 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1159/000099464 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 169LD UT WOS:000246592800008 PM 17290147 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN AF Barnes, Paul N. TI Advancing YBCO-Coated conductors for use on air platforms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O6+X-COATED CONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION LOSSES; LOSS REDUCTION; AC LOSS; GENERATORS; PERFORMANCE; FILMS; FIELD AB With progress of the YBCO-coated conductor to longer lengths, application of the conductor is nearing. An overview of a couple of current U.S. Air Force application programs is presented. A discussion is then made of where research and development of the YBCO-coated conductor should progress and examples in the U.S. Air Force program. These areas include magnetic flux pinning in YBCO thin films, reduction of the ac losses experienced in the YBCO conductor, and stability and quench issues when implementing the YBCO-coated conductor. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2007.02137.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 179BM UT WOS:000247264300005 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Caldwell, JA Russell, CA AF Wilson, Glenn F. Caldwell, John A. Russell, Christopher A. TI Performance and psychophysiological measures of fatigue effects on aviation related tasks of varying difficulty SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WORK; IMPAIRMENT; ALCOHOL AB Fatigue is a well known stressor in aviation operations and its interaction with mental workload needs to be understood. Performance, psychophysiological, and subjective measures were collected during performance of three tasks of increasing complexity. A psychomotor vigilance task, multi-attribute task battery and an uninhabited air vehicle task were performed five times during one night's sleep loss. EEG, ECG and pupil area were recorded during task performance. Performance decrements were found at the next to last and/or last testing session. The EEG showed concomitant changes. The degree of impairment was at least partially dependent on the task being performed and the performance variable assessed. C1 AFRL HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL HEPF, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), AFRL HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glennwilson@woh.rr.com NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 219 EP 247 PG 29 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 185VI UT WOS:000247738100006 ER PT J AU Ren, SP Yu, Y Kwiat, KA Tsai, J AF Ren, Shangping Yu, Yue Kwiat, Kevin A. Tsai, Jeffrey TI A coordination model for improving software system attack-tolerance and survivability in open hostile environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Tai Chung, TAIWAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Asia Univ, Natl Sci Council, USA Force Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Inst Informat Ind, Minist Educ DE sensor networks; coordination model; attack-tolerance; distributed voting; probabilistic analysis AB This paper presents a coordination model that contains three active entities: actors, roles, and coordinators. Actors abstract the system's functionalities while roles and coordinators statically encapsulate coordination constraints and dynamically propagate these constraints among themselves and onto the actors. A software system's attack-tolerance and survivability in open hostile environments are enhanced through appropriate constraint propagations and constraint enforcements. The role represents a group of actors that share the same set of behaviors declared by the role. Coordination and coordination constraints in the model are categorized into two classes: inter-role coordination and intra-role coordination. The coordinators are responsible for inter-role coordination; while the roles are not only abstractions for a set of behaviors they also coordinate the actors which share the same role. This setting implies that both the coordination constraints and coordination activities are decentralized and distributed among the coordinators and the roles. The decentralization not only shields the system from single point of failures, but also provides a foundation that survivable feedback loops can be built upon. The survivable feedback loops presented in the model resist the contamination of the system by faulty elements and thereby protect the whole system from being broken down by single failures. C1 IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Ren, SP (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, 10 W 31st St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM ren@iit.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1550-1477 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 175 EP 199 DI 10.1080/15501320701205068 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 161HA UT WOS:000246004200004 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Bossuyt, V Martel, M Parkash, V AF Fadare, Oluwole Bossuyt, Veerle Martel, Maritza Parkash, Vinita TI Primary osteosarcoma of the ovary: A case report and literature review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE osteosarcoma; ovary; osteogenic sarcoma ID MIXED MESODERMAL TUMORS; CYSTIC TERATOMA; SARCOMAS; BONE AB Pure osteosarcomas, in which this tumor is not the mesenchymal component of a biphasic tumor, are only rarely encountered in the ovary. Herein, we report a case of a pure ovarian osteoarcoma and review all previously reported cases of ovarian involvement by osteosarcoma in the English literature. The latter includes (with the present case) 6 cases of pure osteosarcoma (Group A), 5 cases of osteosarcoma arising from a teratoma (Group B), and 2 cases of osteosarcomas of osseous origin (humerus and maxilla) metastatic to the ovary (Group C). The average ages of the Groups A, B, and C patients were 52.6, 52, and 37.5 years, respectively. The average tumor sizes in these groups were 13.46, 13.82, and 16 cm, respectively. There was no statististically significant difference between the Group A and B patients with respect to tumor size (P = 0.94) or age (P = 0.96) (t test). Eight of the 11 patients in groups A and B were FIGO stage 3 or 4 at presentation. Five (83%) of the 6 group A patients and 2 (40%) of the 5 group B patients died of their disease an average of 4.8 and 3.5 months after initial evaluations respectively. However, the 2 patients who presented with stage 1 disease (and with follow-up information) have shown no evidence of tumor recurrence at an average of 26 months' follow-up. It is concluded that ovarian osteosarcomas are rare malignancies that are frequently associated with teratomas but may be seen in pure form. Unlike osseous osteosarcoma whose peak age of incidence is in the second decade, ovarian osteosarcomas occur at an older age group. Most patients have advanced stage disease at presentation. Ovarian osteosarcomas have a high (> 60%) case fatality rate; analysis of the reported cases suggests that the latter is attributable to the advanced stage at which most patients present, as there are no reported cases of patients with stage 1 disease whose diseases have recurred after surgical resection or who have died of their disease. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Wing 59th, Dept Pathol, MTLP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Hosp St Raphael, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Wing 59th, Dept Pathol, MTLP, Room 2G-09,859th Med Diagnost & Therapeut Squadro, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1097/01.pgp.0000225840.36750.a2 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 119UO UT WOS:000243039700004 PM 17197892 ER PT J AU Jeng, TM Tzeng, SC Lin, CH AF Jeng, Tzer-Ming Tzeng, Sheng-Chung Lin, Chao-Hsien TI Heat transfer enhancement of Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow in an annulus by mounting longitudinal ribs on the rotating inner cylinder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow; longitudinal ribs; rotating ID VORTEX FLOW; TRANSITION AB This work experimentally investigates the heat transfer characteristics of Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow in an annular channel by mounting longitudinal ribs on the rotating inner cylinder. The ranges of the axial Reynolds number (Re) and the rotational Reynolds number (Re-Omega) are Re = 30-1200 and Re-Omega = 0-2922, respectively. Three modes of the inner cylinder without/with longitudinal ribs are considered. A special entry and exit design for the axial coolant flow reveals some interesting findings. The value of Nusselt number ((Nu) over bar) is almost minimal at the inlet of the annular channel, and then sharply rises in the axial direction. The average Nusselt number (Nu) increases with Re. Nu increases rapidly with Re-Omega at low Re (such as at Re = 30 and 60) but that the effect of Re-Omega decreases as the value increases (such as at Re = 300-1200). The ratio (Nu) over bar/(Nu) over bar (0) increases with Re-Omega and exceed two at all Re and in the test modes. The heat transfer is typically promoted by mounting longitudinal ribs on the rotating inner cylinder, especially at Re = 300 and 600. When Re = 300 or 600 and Re-Omega > 2000, the (Nu) over bar of the system with ribs reaches around 1.4 times that of (Nu) over bar (A) ((Nu) over bar in mode A). Under a given pumping power constraint (PRe3), the (Nu) over bar of the system with ribs (modes B and C) generally exceeds that without ribs (mode A), while the difference between the values of (Nu) over bar in modes B and A slowly falls as PRe3 increases. Additionally, mode B (with ribs) is preferred for high heat transfer when PRe3 < 4.5 x 10(13) but mode C (with cavities on ribs) is optimal for high heat transfer when PRe3 > 4.5 x 10(13). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Gangshan 820, Taiwan. ChienKuo Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Changhua 500, Taiwan. RP Jeng, TM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Gangshan 820, Taiwan. EM tm.jeng@msa.hinet.net NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.06.005 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 116DS UT WOS:000242783300035 ER PT J AU Li, LX Hurley, JA AF Li, Lixiong Hurley, James A. TI Ammonia-based hydrogen source for fuel cell applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; hydrides; promoters; H-2 production ID STORAGE; DECOMPOSITION AB Generation of hydrogen from the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with magnesium hydride (MgH2) was studied. Experiments were conducted at near ambient temperatures (75-150 degrees C), which are lower than that required by ammonia cracking and/or metal hydride thermal decomposition reactions. Effects of selected catalysts/promoters for the production of hydrogen by the NH3-MgH2 reaction were evaluated. Addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) accelerated the NH3-MgH2 reaction. MgH2 doped with either PdCl2 or PtCl4 also showed increased reactivity towards NH3 for H-2 production in the presence of NH4Cl. Results from this study demonstrated the feasibility of hydrogen production from ammonia-based reactions in support of potable hydrogen fuel cells. These preliminary results warrant further systematic studies to elucidate the activation mechanism of PdCl2 or PtCl4 as catalysts, as well as the role of NH4Cl as an additive, a reactant and/or a catalyst in the reaction system of interest. (c) 2006 Inter-national Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Li, LX (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, 430 W 5th St, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. EM lli@ara.com RI Mahalingam, Arjun/G-8586-2011 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 138NE UT WOS:000244368600002 ER PT J AU Holsapple, R Iyer, R Doman, D AF Holsapple, Raymond Iyer, Ram Doman, David TI Variable step-size selection methods for implicit integration schemes for odes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING LA English DT Article DE Runge-Kutta; implicit integration methods; variable step-size methods; solving stiff systems ID RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS; ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; CONTROL-THEORETIC TECHNIQUES AB Implicit integration schemes for ODEs, such as Runge-Kutta and Runge-Kutta-Nystrom methods, are widely used in mathematics and engineering to numerically solve ordinary differential equations. Every integration method requires one to choose a step-size, h, for the integration. If h is too large or too small the efficiency of an implicit scheme is relatively low. As every implicit integration scheme has a global error inherent to the scheme, we choose the total number of computations in order to achieve a prescribed global error as a measure of efficiency of the integration scheme. In this paper, we propose the idea of choosing h by minimizing an efficiency function for general Runge-Kutta and Runge-Kutta-Nystrom integration routines. This efficiency function is the critical component in making these methods variable step-size methods. We also investigate solving the intermediate stage values of these routines using both Newton's method and Picard iteration. We then show the efficacy of this approach on some standard problems found in the literature, including a well-known stiff system. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holsapple, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM raymond.w.holsapple@ttu.edu; ram.iyer@ttu.edu; david.doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCI-INSTITUTE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING & INFORMATION PI EDMONTON PA PO BOX 60632, UNIV ALBERTA POSTAL OUTLET,, EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6G 2G1, CANADA SN 1705-5105 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MOD JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 210 EP 240 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 116OF UT WOS:000242811500004 ER PT J AU Plunkett, B Cazacu, O Lebensohn, RA Barlat, F AF Plunkett, B. Cazacu, O. Lebensohn, R. A. Barlat, F. TI Elastic-viscoplastic anisotropic modeling of textured metals and validation using the Taylor cylinder impact test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE anisotropic material; elastic-viscoplastic matetrial; crystal plasticity; impact testing; finite elements ID YIELD FUNCTION; DEFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM; POLYCRYSTALS; ALLOYS AB An elastic-viscoplastic model for describing the anisotropic high-strain rate behavior of both low-symmetry and high-symmetry textured materials is proposed. Yielding is described using a recently developed criterion which can capture simultaneously anisotropy and compression-tension asymmetry associated with deformation twinning. The anisotropy coefficients as well as the size of the elastic domain are considered to be functions of the accumulated plastic strain. The specific expressions for the evolution laws are determined using a multi-scale methodology, i.e. experimental measurements of crystallographic texture and uniaxial stress-strain curves, polycrystalline calculations, and macroscopic scale interpolation techniques. An overstress approach is used to incorporate rate effects in the formulation. Applications of the model to the description of the high strain-rate response of low-symmetry (hexagonal-close-packed zirconium) and high-symmetry (body-centered-cubic tantalum) pre-textured metals are presented. The very good agreement between the simulated and experimental post-test geometries of the Taylor impact specimens in terms of major and minor side profiles and impact-interface footprints shows the ability of the model to describe with fidelity the differences in the evolution of anisotropy between zirconium and tantalum. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alcoa Inc, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Div Mat Sci, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Barlat, Frederic/0000-0002-4463-3454 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.10.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 161UG UT WOS:000246041100004 ER PT J AU Perry, MB Pignatiello, JJ Simpson, JR AF Perry, Marcus B. Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr. Simpson, James R. TI Change point estimation for monotonically changing Poisson rates in SPC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE statistical process control (SPC); quality control; process improvement; special-cause identification; cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts; maximum likelihood estimation; monotonic regression AB Knowing when a process has changed would simplify the search for and identification of the special cause. Although several change point methods have been suggested, many of them rely on the assumption that the effect present in the process output follows some known form ( e. g. sudden shift or linear trend). Since processes are often influenced by several input factors, sudden shifts and linear trends do not always adequately describe the true nature of the process behavior. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood estimator for the change point of a Poisson rate parameter without requiring exact a priori knowledge regarding the form of the effect present. Instead, we assume the form of effect present can be characterized as belonging to the set of monotonic effects. We compare the proposed change point estimator to the commonly used maximum likelihood estimator for the process change point derived under a sudden and persistent shift assumption. We do this for a number of monotonic effects and following a signal from a Poisson CUSUM control chart. We conclude that it is better to use the proposed change point estimator when the form of the effect present is only known to be monotonic. The results show that the proposed estimator provides process engineers with an accurate and useful estimate of the last observation obtained from the unchanged process regardless of the form of monotonic effect that may be present. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Perry, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marcus.perry@afit.edu NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1791 EP 1813 DI 10.1080/00207540600622449 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 145WU UT WOS:000244897300005 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Smith, BD Giordano, SH Shih, YC Woodward, WA Stroms, EA Perkins, GH Oh, JL Tereffe, W Buchholz, TA AF Smith, G. L. Smith, B. D. Giordano, S. H. Shih, Y. C. Woodward, W. A. Stroms, E. A. Perkins, G. H. Oh, J. L. Tereffe, W. Buchholz, T. A. TI Risk of hypothyroidism in older breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Soc Therapeut & Oncol C1 [Smith, G. L.; Giordano, S. H.; Shih, Y. C.; Woodward, W. A.; Stroms, E. A.; Perkins, G. H.; Oh, J. L.; Tereffe, W.; Buchholz, T. A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Smith, B. D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SU S BP S217 EP S218 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1190 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 217LU UT WOS:000249950200382 ER PT B AU Brungart, DS Iyer, N AF Brungart, Douglas S. Iyer, Nandini GP ISCA TI Time-Compressed Speech Perception with Speech and Noise Maskers SO INTERSPEECH 2007: 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Interspeech Conference 2007 CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM DE time compressed speech; multitalker perception ID INTELLIGIBILITY AB Many researchers have shown that speech signals can be time compressed (TC) by a factor of two or more without a significant loss in intelligibility. However, most previous studies with TC speech have been conducted either in quiet or, in a very small number of cases, with noise maskers. In this experiment, we examine the effect that TC has on the perception of a speech signal in the presence of a speech or noise masker. The results show that normal speech can be accelerated a modest amount (20-30%) without increased susceptibility to masking, but that higher TC ratios can lead to dramatically worse performance in the presence of an interfering sound. The results also indicate that Lime-expansion can, in some cases, lead to improved performance when a listener is attending to the quieter of two talkers in an auditory mixture. These results suggest that there are some important practical limitations on how TC should be used to enhance communications efficiency in auditory speech displays. C1 [Brungart, Douglas S.; Iyer, Nandini] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil; nandini.iyer@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-60560-316-2 PY 2007 BP 2101 EP 2104 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BLE20 UT WOS:000269998601153 ER PT S AU Chin, YH Dressler, RA AF Chin, Yu-hui Dressler, Rainer A. BE Brennecke, JF Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Ionic Liquids for Space Propulsion SO IONIC LIQUIDS IV: NOT JUST SOLVENTS ANYMORE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids IV - Not Just Solvents Anymore held at the 231st ACS National Meeting CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TAYLOR CONES; EVAPORATION; FIELD; THRUSTER; DROPLETS; SURFACES; KINETICS AB The negligible vapor pressure, substantial conductivities, and thermal stability of ionic liquids make them ideal candidates for electrospray space propulsion applications. This chapter provides an introduction to current requirements in space propulsion, and summarizes the virtues of ionic liquid propelled electrospray thrusters. The physics associated with single cone jet electrosprays is reviewed and recent developments with respect to ionic liquid ion sources are discussed. Specific examples of mass spectrometric measurements of charged particle emission from ionic liquid cone-jets are presented. The results include positive and negative ion emissions from [Emim][BF(4)], [Emim][Im] and [Emim][NO(3)]. C1 [Chin, Yu-hui; Dressler, Rainer A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Chin, YH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7445-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 975 BP 138 EP 160 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BMC77 UT WOS:000271861300010 ER PT S AU Besley, S Fraser, SP Pantzalis, C AF Besley, Scott Fraser, Steve P. Pantzalis, Christos BA Hirschey, M John, K Makhija, AK BF Hirschey, M John, K Makhija, AK TI BOARD OF DIRECTOR CONFIGURATIONS IN MUTUAL FUND SPONSORS: EARLY EVIDENCE OF BOARD-LEVEL PERFORMANCE SO ISSUES IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE SE Advances in Financial Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERSISTENCE; MANAGERS AB We examine the relationship between how mutual fund sponsors configure their board(s) of directors and the performance of the funds under a particular board's purview. Fund sponsors utilize either one board to oversee all the funds within a fund family or multiple boards that oversee one fund or a subset of the family's funds. Our results suggest that fund families - that is, sponsors - that use multiple boards have significantly higher objective-adjusted board-level weighted excess returns. But, there are no significant differences in the objective-adjusted board-level weighted excess expenses. These results are consistent with the argument that multiple boards provide superior monitoring. C1 [Besley, Scott; Pantzalis, Christos] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Fraser, Steve P.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Besley, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1569-3732 BN 978-0-7623-1373-0 J9 ADV FINANC ECON PY 2007 VL 12 BP 203 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S1569-3732(07)12009-0 PG 34 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BLR06 UT WOS:000270833100009 ER PT J AU Johnston, ML Esposito, N AF Johnston, Marina L. Esposito, Noreen TI Barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding among working women in the United States SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Review DE breastfeeding; employment; lactation; women; working mother; workplace ID MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT; DURATION; INITIATION; LACTATION; HEALTH AB Objective: To review the literature and describe the barriers and facilitators to the continuation of breastfeeding for at least 6 months by working women in the United States. Data Sources: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, ISI, PsychInfo, and ProQuest. Study Selection: Twenty studies based on the inclusion criteria and published between January I, 1995, and January 2006. Data Extraction: An ecologic framework, which includes the individual (microsystem), social support and relationships (mesosystem), and the workplace environment (exosystem). Data Synthesis: When working mothers possess certain personal characteristics and develop a strategic plan, breastfeeding is promoted. When social support is available and when support groups are utilized, lactation is also facilitated. Part-time work, lack of long mother-infant separations, supportive work environments and facilities, and child care options facilitate breastfeeding. Conclusions: Health care providers can use the findings of this review to promote breastfeeding among working women by using tactics geared toward the mother, her social network, and the entire community. C1 USAF, Nurse Corps, Cannon AFB, NM USA. Womens Hlth Care Clin, Cannon AFB, NM USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Johnston, ML (reprint author), 7807A Alaska Ct, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. EM marina43402@earthlink.net NR 39 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00109.x PG 12 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 161AT UT WOS:000245987400004 PM 17238942 ER PT J AU Lieberman, SI Singh, H Mao, Y Sreeranganathan, A Gokhale, AM Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Lieberman, S. I. Singh, H. Mao, Y. Sreeranganathan, A. Gokhale, A. M. Tamirisakandala, S. Miracle, D. B. TI The microstructural characterization and simulation of titanium alloys modified with boron SO JOM LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES; REALISTIC MICROSTRUCTURES; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; COMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; FERRITE; PHASE AB Strength and stiffness of conventional titanium alloys (e.g., P-6Al-4V) can be significantly improved while maintaining adequate fracture properties via additions of small amounts of boron. Boron-modified titanium alloys have the potential to expand the usage of titanium and are attractive for a variety of applications in the automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and sporting goods industries. The improvements in the mechanical properties of boron-modified titanium alloys are attributed to the presence of TiB whiskers that precipitate in-situ during processing. Significant progress has been made in representation, modeling, and simulation of microstructure-properties relationships in boron-modified titanium alloys. These findings are reviewed in this paper with emphasis on the latest developments in quantitative characterization, mathematical representation, and computer simulations of microstructures of boron-modified Ti-6Al-4V alloys, and their use in the modeling and simulation of the mechanical response. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lieberman, SI (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arun.gokhale@mse.gatech.edu RI Mao, Yuxiong/K-3747-2015 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0012-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 124UP UT WOS:000243395700012 ER PT J AU Parker, GH Maple, RC Beran, PS AF Parker, Gregory H. Maple, Raymond C. Beran, Philip S. TI Computational aeroelastic analysis of store-induced limit-cycle oscillation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT AB Limit-cycle oscillation was simulated for a rectangular wing referred to as the Goland(+) wing. It was found that the aerodynamic nonlinearity responsible for limit-cycle oscillation in the Goland(+) wing was shock motion and the periodic appearance/disappearance of shocks. The Goland(+) structural model was such that in the transonic flutter dip region, the primary bending and twisting modes were in phase and coupled to produce a single-degree-of-freedom, torsional flutter mode about a point located ahead of the leading edge of the wing. It was determined that the combination of strong trailing-edge and lambda shocks which periodically appear/disappear, limited the energy flow into the structure. This mechanism quenched the growth of the flutter, resulting in a steady limit-cycle oscillation. Underwing and tip stores were added to the Goland(+) wing to determine bow they affected limit-cycle oscillation. It was found that the aerodynamic forces on the store transferred additional energy into the structure increasing the amplitude of the limit-cycle oscillation. However, it was also found that the underwing store interfered with the airflow on the bottom of the wing, which limited the amplitude of the limit-cycle oscillation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, GH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.2514/1.21051 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135EI UT WOS:000244136500006 ER PT J AU Kaplan, SM Altman, A Ol, M AF Kaplan, Sergey M. Altman, Aaron Ol, Michael TI Wake vorticity measurements for low aspect ratio wings at low Reynolds number SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 44th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA AB Trailing vortex structure of low aspect ratio wings was studied in a water tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 8000 and 24,000 using dye injection and digital particle image velocimetry in cross-flow planes in the near wake, for rectangular, semi-elliptical, and delta-wing planforms. The velocity data were used to calculate lift via circulation and effective span, and the results were compared with force balance measurements and classical inviscid theory. The objectives of the study were to assess how low-Reynolds number effects might affect the measurement of lift coefficient from tip-vortex circulation, how well the measurements fit the various theoretical models of lift curve slope for low aspect ratio wings, and the extent to which planform shape affects lift coefficient while aspect ratio and planform area are kept constant. All models were thin flat plates with square edges. For the conditions studied, apparent viscous effects on vorticity integrations in the wake were small, resulting in good agreement between lift coefficient values inferred from the measurements, the force balance data, and the classical inviscid formulas. Whereas the three wings exhibited distinctly different wake structures, lift curve slopes were similar. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaplan, SM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Aerosp Engn, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.2514/1.23096 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135EI UT WOS:000244136500025 ER PT J AU Calabria, C Tankersley, M AF Calabria, C. Tankersley, M. TI The glycerin induced large local reaction (GILL) study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 221 BP S57 EP S57 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.244 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400221 ER PT J AU Coop, CA Hagan, LL Dice, P AF Coop, C. A. Hagan, L. L. Dice, P. TI Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH in the evaluation of asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Coop, C. A.; Hagan, L. L.; Dice, P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 347 BP S88 EP S88 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.373 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400347 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JJ Moore, LM Nguyen, S Hagan, LL Tankersley, MS AF Dietrich, J. J. Moore, L. M. Nguyen, S. Hagan, L. L. Tankersley, M. S. TI A 1-day rush immunotherapy schedule for imported fire ant hypersensitivity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Dietrich, J. J.; Moore, L. M.; Nguyen, S.; Hagan, L. L.; Tankersley, M. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 587 BP S149 EP S149 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.521 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400586 ER PT J AU Hrabak, TM Dice, J Hagan, L Whisman, B AF Hrabak, T. M. Dice, J. Hagan, L. Whisman, B. TI Comparison of protein antigens among commercially available dog extracts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Hrabak, T. M.; Dice, J.; Hagan, L.; Whisman, B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 732 BP S186 EP S187 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.095 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401117 ER PT J AU Scranton, SE Wild, CA England, RW AF Scranton, S. E. Wild, C. A. England, R. W. TI Episodic Angioedema associated with Eosinophilia: Successful treatment with imatinib mesylate SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Scranton, S. E.; England, R. W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Wild, C. A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 1090 BP S278 EP S278 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.461 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401473 ER PT J AU Tucker, MH Calabria, CW Hagan, LL Dice, JP AF Tucker, M. H. Calabria, C. W. Hagan, L. L. Dice, J. P. TI Imported fire ant sublingual immunotherapy for large local reactions SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 126 BP S33 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.147 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460400127 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G Smith, HE Lee, W Zvanut, ME AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, W. D. Landis, G. Smith, H. E. Lee, Wonwoo Zvanut, M. E. TI Vanadium donor and acceptor levels in semi-insulating 4H- and 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; BAND-GAP STATES; PHYSICAL VAPOR TRANSPORT; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEEP LEVELS; SIC POLYTYPES; HIGH-PURITY; 4H; IMPURITIES; CR AB The electronic levels of vanadium in semi-insulating 4H- and 6H-SiC have been reinvestigated using temperature dependent Hall effect and resistivity measurements at temperatures up to 1000 K in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption measurements which were used to identify the charge state of vanadium in the material. Two distinct thermal activation energies were found for each polytype. The shallower of the two levels correlated with the presence of both V3+ and V4+ in the EPR and absorption experiments, demonstrating that this level is the vanadium acceptor level while the deeper level is the donor level for which the V4+ charge state was observed. The results for the V4+/5+ donor level, E-C-1.57 +/- 0.09 eV for 4H-SiC and E-C-1.54 +/- 0.06 eV for 6H-SiC, are in agreement with the generally accepted values. However, the results for the V3+/4+ acceptor level, E-C-0.85 +/- 0.03 eV in 6H-SiC and E-C-1.11 +/- 0.08 eV in 4H-SiC, are significantly higher than previously assumed. Variations in crystal quality and purity may explain the differences in the previously reported values for the donor and acceptor levels. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 AR 013707 DI 10.1063/1.2407263 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127KR UT WOS:000243585200051 ER PT J AU West, JE Messinger, DW Schott, JR AF West, Jason E. Messinger, David W. Schott, John R. TI Comparative evaluation of background characterization techniques for hyperspectral unstructured matched filter target detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; target detection; background characterization ID ADAPTIVE DETECTION ALGORITHM; IMAGING DATA; PERFORMANCE AB Algorithms exploiting hyperspectral imagery for target detection have continually evolved to provide improved detection results. Adaptive matched filters, which may be derived in many different fields, can be used to locate spectral targets by modeling the scene background as either structured (i.e., geometric, with endmembers or basis vectors) or unstructured (i.e., stochastic, with a mean and covariance matrix). In unstructured techniques, various methods of calculating the background covariance matrix have been developed, each involving either the removal of target signatures from the background model or the appropriate choice of a subset of the image to be used as training data based on spatial or spectral characteristics. The objective of these methods is to derive a background which matches the source of mixture interference for the detection of sub-pixel targets, or matches the source of false alarms in the scene for the detection of fully resolved targets. In addition, these techniques may increase the multivariate normality of the data from which the background is characterized, thus increasing adherence to the normality assumption inherent in the matched filter and ultimately improving target detection results. Such techniques for improved background characterization are widely practiced but not well understood or documented. This work describes in detail several methods for unstructured background characterization, both new methods and those taken from the literature. A comparison of methods across a common set of targets is presented. Training data are chosen either spatially, spectrally, or both prior to estimation of the background statistics. Evaluation of the methods indicates that consistent improvements over scene-wide statistics can be achieved through such spatial or spectral subsetting of the image data. However, results are not conclusive as to the overall "best" method for all targets in the test set. C1 [West, Jason E.] USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Messinger, David W.; Schott, John R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), USAF, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM messinger@cis.rit.edu FU Office of Naval Research Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative [N00014-01-1-0867] FX This work was partially funded under the Office of Naval Research Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative "Model-based Hyperspectral Exploitation Algorithm Development", no. N00014-01-1-0867. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Dr. John Kerekes for comments on the manuscript. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013520 DI 10.1117/1.2768621 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300030 ER PT J AU Jakob, EM Skow, CD Haberman, MP Plourde, A AF Jakob, Elizabeth M. Skow, Christa D. Haberman, Mary Popson Plourde, Anna TI Jumping spiders associate food with color cues in a T-maze SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE learning; experience; Phidippus; Salticidae; vision ID MISUMENOIDES-FORMOSIPES; FIGHTING SUCCESS; PRIOR EXPERIENCE; PREY PREFERENCE; MATERNAL PARENT; LEG AUTOTOMY; LYNX SPIDER; BODY-SIZE; ARANEAE; BEHAVIOR AB Salticid spiders are a tractable group for studies of learning. We presented Phidippus princeps Peckham & Peckham 1883 with the challenging task of associating prey with color cues ill a T-maze. Experimental spiders were given the opportunity to learn that a cricket was hidden behind a block of a particular color. To eliminate the use of other cues, we randomly assigned both block position within the maze, and maze location within the room. For control spiders, no cues predicted the location of prey. We gave spiders two blocks of trials. Each block consisted of four training trials followed by a probe trial in which no prey was present. Trials lasted an hour, and spiders were given one trial per day. Not all spiders were successful in Finding the prey during training trials. In the first probe trial, there was no evidence of learning: there was no effect of treatment, the number of successful training trials, or their interaction on which block the spiders chose first. In the second probe trial, there was a significant interaction between treatment and number of successful training trials: experimental-group spiders with a greater number of successful training trials were more likely to choose the correct block in the probe trial. This study demonstrates that P. princeps can learn the location of prey by color cues alone, a challenging task, and adds to the growing literature on learning in spiders. C1 [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Skow, Christa D.] Univ Massachusetts, Neurosci & Behav Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Plourde, Anna] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Haberman, Mary Popson] Directorate Installat & Mission Support, HQ AMC A700, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1636/JOA-ST06-61.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 266XW UT WOS:000253472200008 ER PT J AU LaRochelle, J Freiler, J Dice, J Hagan, L AF LaRochelle, Jeffrey Freiler, John Dice, John Hagan, Larry TI Plasma resistin levels in asthmatics as a marker of disease state SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE resistin; asthma; CRP; diabetes; FIZZ ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; SPUTUM EOSINOPHILS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; EXPRESSION; OBESITY; INFLAMMATION; GENE; C3A AB Background. Resistin is a protein produced by adipoctyes and circulating macrophages that has been found to be associated with inflammatory states. Objective. To determine the levels of resistin in relation to asthma disease state and severity, we investigated a cohort of adult patients with asthma. Methods. A cohort of moderate to severe persistent asthma patients and control patients were recruited and underwent fasting labs to evaluate levels of serum glucose, C-reactive protein ( CRP), and resistin. Results. No significant differences were found between the control and asthma group with respect to serum CRP at 0.78 +/- 0.60 mg/ dL and 0.48 +/- 0.60 mg/ dL, ( p < 0.36) or glucose at 92.2 +/- 11.9 mg/ dL and 89.5 +/- 7.2 mg/ dL, ( p < 0.084), respectively ( mean +/- SD). However, plasma resistin levels were found to be significantly elevated in asthma patients, 186 ng/ mL ( 95% CI 169-202) compared with control patients 121 ng/ mL ( 95% CI 90.4-151), ( p < 0.005). Conclusions. Patients with asthma were found to have higher levels of resistin, and resistin levels were increased with disease severity in the asthma cohort. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP LaRochelle, J (reprint author), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jlarochelle@usuhs.mil NR 33 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1080/02770900701495785 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 220QX UT WOS:000250173500004 PM 17885852 ER PT J AU Drake, G Kaplan, G Hall, L Hawkins, T Larue, J AF Drake, Gregory Kaplan, Greg Hall, Leslie Hawkins, Tommy Larue, Joann TI A new family of energetic ionic liquids 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE energetic; ionic liquids; N-aminotriazoles; nitrates; X-ray structure ID ALKALI-METAL NITRATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AZOLIUM SALTS; 1,2,3-TRIAZOLIUM SALTS; SPECTRA; 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES; REARRANGEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new class of energetic ionic liquids based upon 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propenyl, and n-butyl) has been synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectra, multinuclear NMR, elemental as well as contaminant analyses, and DSC studies. A single crystal X-ray study was carried out for 1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate and the details will be presented. C1 George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Res Ctr, ER22, Huntsville, AL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Space & Missile Div,PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Res Ctr, ER22, Huntsville, AL USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10870-005-9021-0 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 126RN UT WOS:000243532800002 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, MT Rotenberg, JS AF Shoemaker, Michael T. Rotenberg, Joshua S. TI Levetiracetam for the treatment of neonatal seizures SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE levitiracetam; neonate; seizure ID REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; ADD-ON; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; TOLERABILITY; TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS; SAFETY AB Seizures are a common occurrence in the neonatal intensive care unit, especially among low-birth-weight infants. The efficacy and safety of standard anticonvulsants have not been evaluated extensively in the neonate. In addition, there is concern for the adverse effects of phenobarbital on longterm development. Levetiracetam has been a commonly prescribed oral anticonvulsant for the use of adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults with favorable tolerability, and it has been recently approved for children older than age 4 years. There are no published studies regarding the safety and efficacy of this medication in the infant population. This report describes the initiation of levetiracetam in 3 infants, aged 2 days to 3 months, for refractory seizures or intolerance to other anticonvulsants. Each patient was without seizure on levetiracetam monotherapy, and there were no adverse effects. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rotenberg, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joshua.rotenberg@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1177/0883073807299973 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 169EF UT WOS:000246574800018 PM 17608315 ER PT J AU Watterson, JM Stallcup, P Escamilla, D Chernay, P Reyes, A Trevino, SC AF Watterson, Jeannette M. Stallcup, Paulina Escamilla, David Chernay, Patrick Reyes, Alfred Trevino, Sylvia C. TI Evaluation of the ortho-clinical diagnostics Vitros ECi anti-HCV test: Comparison with three other methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; HCV; Vitros ECi; ADVIA Centaur; RIBA ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; ASSAYS AB After observing a high incidence of low positive,hepatitis C virus (HCV). antibody screens by the Ortho-Clinical Vitros ECi test (Orthoclinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ), we compared results against those obtained using another chemiluminescent analyzer, as well as two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved confirmatory methodologies. To ascertain the true anti-HCV status of samples deemed low-positive by the Ortho-Clinical Vitros ECi test, we tested samples using the ADVIA Centaur HCV screen test (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics), the Chiron recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) test (Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA), and the Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV qualitative test (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) in a series of studies. Of 94 specimens positive by Vitros ECi, 19% were observed to be negative by Centaur. A separate study of 91 samples with signal-to-cutoff (s/co) values less than 8.0 showed that all but one was negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). In comparison with RIBA, 100% (77) samples positive by the Vitros ECi test with s/co values less than 12.0 were negative or indeterminate by RIBA. A final study comparing all four methods side-by-side showed 63% disagreement by Centaur for Vitros ECi low-positive samples, 75% disagreement by RIBA, and 97% disagreement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In conclusion, the OrthoClinical Vitros ECi Anti-HCV test yields a high rate of false-positive results in the low s/co range in our patient population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Watterson, JM (reprint author), 88th Diagnost & Therapeut Squandran, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeannette.watterson@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-8013 J9 J CLIN LAB ANAL JI J. Clin. Lab. Anal. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1002/jcla.20119 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 171CK UT WOS:000246712300005 PM 17506481 ER PT J AU Bishop, M Macula, AJ Nimmo, K Wood, L Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE AF Bishop, Morgan Macula, Anthony J. Nimmo, Kayla Wood, Lauren Pogozelski, Wendy K. Renz, Thomas E. TI Group testing to annihilate pairs applied to DNA cross-hybridization elimination using SYBR Green I SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE group testing; nonadaptive; pooling; random algorithms; cross-hybridizations; SYBR Green; DNA code; DNA probes; microarray; tag-antitag system ID STRAND DESIGN; SEQUENCES; ALGORITHM; CODES AB A group testing (or pooling) method for DNA strands that identifies at least one strand in a pair of cross-hybridized oligonucleotides is given. This pooling method can be extended to any population of objects where certain pairs together produce an observable function or signal. Pairs of objects maywork together to produce an undesirable result or a detrimental function. If just a single element of such a pair is identified and eliminated, then the undesirable function of that pair is destroyed. In particular, the ability to ensure that a set DNA probes do not yield undesired cross-hybridizations is important when these probes and/or their complements are used in the production of a hybridization signal that is intended to convey information. Here we report a "proof of principle" method, similar to those used to screen DNA libraries, that screens pools of probes for unwanted cross-hybridization events and identifies the offending probes. In the reported experiment, a cross-hybridized duplex in a pool of probes is detected by using the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I. This dye is known to produce greater fluorescence when bound to duplex DNA as opposed to single-stranded DNA. The method described here is sensitive, fast, and simple. C1 SUNY Coll Geneseo, Biomath Grp, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. JEANSEE, Geneseo, NY USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, New York, NY USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Biomath Grp, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM macula@geneseo.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1089/cmb.2006.0114 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 153LC UT WOS:000245435100007 PM 17381348 ER PT J AU Groeber, MA Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Bhandari, Y Ghosh, S AF Groeber, M. A. Uchic, M. D. Dimiduk, D. M. Bhandari, Y. Ghosh, S. TI A framework for automated 3D microstructure analysis & representation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling (MMM 2006) CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Freiburg, GERMANY DE 3D microstructure; characterization; modeling; voronoi tessellation; finite element ID FIB-SEM; RECONSTRUCTION; SECTIONS AB Over the past 5years there have been significant advances in developing serial-sectioning methods that provide quantitative data describing the structure and crystallography of grain-level microstructures in three dimensions (3D). The subsequent analysis and representation of this information can provide modeling and simulation efforts with a highly-refined and unbiased characterization of specific microstructural features. For example, the grain structure and crystallography of an engineering alloy could be characterized and then translated directly into a 3D volume mesh for subsequent Finite Element Analysis. However, this approach requires a multitude of data sets in order to appropriately sample the intrinsic heterogeneity observed in typical microstructures. One way to circumvent this issue is to develop computation tools that create synthetic microstructures that are statistically-equivalent to the measured structure. This study will discuss the development of software programs that take as input a series of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns from a serial sectioning experiment, and output a robust statistical analysis of the 3D data, as well as generate a host of synthetic structures which are analogous to the real microstructure. Importantly, the objective of this study is to provide a framework towards complete microstructure representation that is consistent with quantifiable experimental data. C1 [Groeber, M. A.; Uchic, M. D.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Bhandari, Y.; Ghosh, S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Groeber, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, 2230 10th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM groeber.9@osu.edu RI Ghosh, Somnath/A-2867-2012 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2007 VL 14 SU 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10820-007-9078-5 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 288LI UT WOS:000254987500008 ER PT J AU Huang, GS Lu, TC Yao, HH Kuo, HC Wang, SC Sun, G Lin, CW Chang, L Soref, RA AF Huang, G. S. Lu, T. C. Yao, H. H. Kuo, H. C. Wang, S. C. Sun, Greg Lin, Chih-wei Chang, Li Soref, Richard A. TI GaN/AlGaN active regions for terahertz quantum cascade lasers grown by low-pressure metal organic vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Miyazaki, JAPAN DE X-ray diffraction; metal organic chemical vapor deposition; nitrides ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; EFFECTIVE-MASS; LIGHT-HOLE; SCATTERING AB The GaN/AlGaN active regions for terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The surface of the sample was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structure of this sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern and cross-sectional TEM images showed that a well-controlled quantum cascade GaN/AlGaN layers could be prepared. Optical properties of the active region of a terahertz GaN/AlGaN have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. It was found that the frequency of E-1(LO) phonon decreased in quantum cascade GaN/AlGaN structures. The phonon frequency shift could be attributed to the effect of phonon zone folding. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Photon, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Electroopt Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, HC (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Photon, 1001 TA Hsueh Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. EM hckuo@faculty.nctu.edu.tw RI Lu, Tien-chang/D-2536-2014 OI Lu, Tien-chang/0000-0003-4192-9919 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2007 VL 298 SI SI BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.106 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 142BD UT WOS:000244622600160 ER PT J AU Pinkston, DA AF Pinkston, Daniel A. TI The evolution of South Korea's rural institutions: The political economy of export promotion and market protection SO JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Article DE economic development; agriculture; livestock; institutions; protection; export promotion; National Livestock Cooperatives Federation (NLCF); National Agricultural Cooperatives Federation (NACF); Park Chung Hee ID GROWTH AB South Korea's economic takeoff in the 1960s triggered a scholarly debate over the causes behind its economic growth. Neoclassical economists and "statist" scholars focused on government policies toward the industrial sector, but as this article shows, they have neglected to consider the political economy behind the government's targeting of the agricultural and livestock sectors for export promotion. In fact, the South Korean government's support of export-led growth-aimed at the rural sector as well as industry-transformed the nation's agricultural and livestock institutions from instruments of development and export promotion into protectionist mechanisms. This article discusses how complete market liberalization would have resulted in more efficient resource allocation and reveals how political considerations affected the institutional arrangement in the South Korean countryside and the subsequent liberalization of agricultural and beef markets. C1 [Pinkston, Daniel A.] Monterey Inst, Grad Sch Int Policy Studies, Monterey, CA USA. [Pinkston, Daniel A.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU LYNNE RIENNER PUBL INC PI BOULDER PA 1800 30TH ST SUITE 314, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 1598-2408 J9 J EAST ASIAN STUD JI J. East Asian Stud. PD JAN-APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 61 EP 92 PG 32 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 298XK UT WOS:000255720200003 ER PT J AU Mileham, M Stiegman, AE Kramer, MP AF Mileham, Melissa Stiegman, A. E. Kramer, Michael P. TI Stability and degradation processes of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on metal oxide surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE trinitrotoluene (TNT); metal oxides; degradation ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB The chemical stability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) when placed in physical contact with metal oxide surfaces is investigated. The TNT is deposited at 1-3 inonolayers of coverage on the surface of microcrystalline MnO2, CuO, WO3, MoO3, Bi2O3, SnO2, and Fe2O3 by wet impregnation. The samples were placed in a 50 degrees C oven and allowed to react over a period of 11 months. Periodically, samples were removed and analyzed chromatographically to determine whether products were being formed at the surface of the oxide. TNT proved to be inert to most oxides; however, both CuO and MnO2 effected a clean decomposition of the TNT into tri-nitrobenzene. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div,Energet Mat Branch,MNME, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Stiegman, AE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1080/07370650601107211 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 134OI UT WOS:000244092300002 ER PT J AU Edwards, T AF Edwards, Tim TI Advancements in gas turbine fuels from 1943 to 2005 SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID LIQUID FUELS; DEPOSITION; PROPULSION AB The first provisional jet fuel specifications were published in 1943 in England (RDE/F/KER/210) and 1944 in the U.S. (AN-F-32a). Jet fuel has undergone many changes in subsequent years, with current specifications for JP-5 and JP-8 for the military in the U.S. and Jet A/Jet A-I for commercial use worldwide. Jet fuel specifications are subject to constant tension between performance requirements and availability/cost considerations. In this paper we will discuss how jet fuels have evolved over the years from the first engines to current gas turbine engines. Jet fuels derived from nonpetroleum sources will also be discussed. C1 AFRL, PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), AFRL, PRTG, Bldg 490,1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1115/1.2364007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 124SL UT WOS:000243390100003 ER PT J AU Shen, MHH George, T Cross, CJ Calcaterra, J AF Shen, M. -H Herman George, Tommy Cross, Charles J. Calcaterra, Jeffrey TI Development of an improved high cycle fatigue criterion SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID ENERGY CRITERION AB An integrated computational-experimental approach for prediction of total fatigue life applied to a uniaxial stress state is developed. The approach consists of the following elements: (1) development of a vibration based fatigue testing procedure to achieve low cost bending fatigue experiments and (2) development of a life prediction and estimation implementation scheme for calculating effective fatigue cycles. A series of fully reversed bending fatigue tests were carried out using a vibration-based testing procedure to investigate the effects of bending stress on fatigue limit. The results indicate that the fatigue limit for 6061-T6 aluminum is approximately 20% higher than the respective limit in fully reversed tension-compression (axial). To validate the experimental observations and further evaluate the possibility of prediction of fiatigue life, an improved high cycle fatigue criterion has been developed, which allows one to systematically determine the fatigue life based on the amount of energy loss per fatigue cycle. A comparison between the prediction and the experimental results was conducted and shows that the criterion is capable of providing accurate fatigue life prediction. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP George, T (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1115/1.2360599 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 124SL UT WOS:000243390100019 ER PT J AU Tersigni, MA AF Tersigni, MariaTeresa A. TI Frozen human bone: A microscopic investigation SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; frozen human bone; bone histology; scanning electron microscope AB The taphonomic effects of prolonged extreme cold and freezing on human bone have received little research attention. Questions of specific interest include whether previously frozen bone can be identified and whether freezing alters the structural integrity enough to prevent histological aging. There is no evidence from previous studies that freezing damages the structural integrity, and to date no research investigating the freezing process on bone microstructure has been undertaken. This research attempts to distinguish histologically previously frozen bone from nonfrozen bone by identifying patterned defects. To determine the effects of freezing in bone microstructure using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), several human bone sections were subjected to prolonged freezing and allowed to thaw before thin sectioning. Light microscopy failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between frozen and nonfrozen specimens. SEM analysis revealed fractures, although these lacked pattern and did not occur systematically throughout the section. Evidence of microstructural changes caused by liquid expansion, however, was remarkable but did not alter the structural integrity of the microstructure. The results of this study suggest that freezing does not alter the process of histomorphological analysis. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Tersigni, MA (reprint author), 10052 calle Palencia, Navarre, FL 32566 USA. EM doctor.mt@gmail.com NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00325.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 119EA UT WOS:000242993800004 PM 17209904 ER PT J AU Luo, Y Serrani, A Yurkovich, S Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB AF Luo, Yu Serrani, Andrea Yurkovich, Stephen Oppenheimer, Michael W. Doman, David B. TI Model-predictive dynamic control allocation scheme for reentry vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED CONTROL ALLOCATION; NONLINEAR CONTROL ALLOCATION; PIECEWISE-LINEAR FUNCTIONS; PROGRAMMING APPROACH; STABILITY; EFFICIENT; X-33 AB Allocation of control authority among redundant control effectors, under hard constraints, is an important component of the inner loop of a reentry vehicle guidance and control system. Whereas existing control allocation schemes generally neglect actuator dynamics, thereby assuming A static relationship between control surface deflections and moments about a three-body axis, in this work a dynamic control allocation scheme is developed that implements a form, of model-predictive control. In the approach proposed here, control allocation is posed as a sequential quadratic programming problem with constraints, which can also be cast into a linear complementarity problem and therefore solved in a finite number of iterations. Accounting directly for nonnegligible dynamics of the actuators with hard constraints, the scheme extends existing algorithms by providing asymptotic tracking of time-varying input commands for this class of applications. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a high-fidelity simulation for an experimental reusable launch vehicle is used, in which, results are compared with those of static control allocation schemes in situations of actuator failures. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Serrani, Andrea/A-2408-2008 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.2514/1.25473 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600009 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Learmonth, T Wang, SC Matsuura, AY Downes, J Plucinski, L Bernardis, S O'Donnell, C Smith, KE AF Zhang, Yufeng Learmonth, Timothy Wang, Shancai Matsuura, A. Y. Downes, James Plucinski, Lukasz Bernardis, Sarah O'Donnell, Cian Smith, Kevin E. TI Electronic structure of the organic semiconductor vanadyl phthalocyanine (VO-Pc) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; SPECTRA AB The electronic structure of thin films of the organic semiconductor vanadyl phthalocyanine has been studied using synchrotron radiation-excited resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The C, N, V, and O partial densities of states for both the valence and conduction bands have been determined, as well as the core level electronic structure. Good agreement was found between the experimental measurements of the valence and conduction bands, and the results of a density functional calculation. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu RI Wang, Shancai/F-6162-2013; Plucinski, Lukasz/J-4987-2013 OI Plucinski, Lukasz/0000-0002-6865-7274 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1276 EP 1283 DI 10.1039/b613274j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 147YY UT WOS:000245042900006 ER PT J AU Hsiao, VKS Waldeisen, JR Zheng, YB Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ Huang, TJ AF Hsiao, Vincent K. S. Waldeisen, John R. Zheng, Yuebing Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. Huang, Tony Jun TI Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized nanoporous polymeric gratings: fabrication and application in biosensing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; NANOSCALE SILICON MICROCAVITIES; DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POROUS-SILICON; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR; TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; MACROPOROUS SILICON; REAL-TIME; DRUG AB We have fabricated aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized nanoporous polymeric gratings by combining holographic interference patterning and APTES-functionalization of the pre-polymer syrup. The APTES facilitates the immobilization of biomolecules onto the polymeric grating surfaces. The successful detection of multiple biomolecules (biotin, steptavidin, biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG, and rabbit-IgG) indicates that the functionalized nanoporous polymeric gratings can act as biosensing platforms which are label-free, inexpensive, and applicable as high-throughput assays. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate Wright Patterson Air Force, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 212 Earth Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM junhuang@psu.edu RI Zheng, Yuebing/B-9886-2008; Huang, Tony/A-1546-2009; Hsiao, Vincent/M-7329-2013 OI Hsiao, Vincent/0000-0002-6121-7292 NR 73 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 46 BP 4896 EP 4901 DI 10.1039/b711200a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 235YD UT WOS:000251269300010 ER PT J AU Blyth, LR AF Blyth, Lance R. TI House to house: Playing the enemy's game in Saigon, May, 1968 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Hist & Museums, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Blyth, LR (reprint author), USAF, Hist & Museums, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 285 EP 286 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0008 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 120XE UT WOS:000243119300079 ER PT J AU Zhou, WD Chen, L Qiang, ZX Brown, GJ AF Zhou, Weidong Chen, Li Qiang, Zexuan Brown, Gail J. TI Spectrally selective infrared absorption in defect-mode photonic-crystal-slab cavity SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE photonic-crystal-slabs; defect-mode cavity; infrared absorption ID LASER; NANOCAVITY; EMISSION; BANDGAP; DEVICES; ARRAY AB Significantly enhanced absorption at the defect mode can be obtained at surface-normal direction in a dielectric single-defect photonic-crystal-slab, with an absorption enhancement factor greater than 4,000. Complete absorption suppression within the photonic bandgap region can also be observed in defect-free photonic crystal cavities. High spectral selectivity and tunability is feasible with defect mode engineering, making photonic crystal defect cavities a promising nanophotonic platform for the spectrally selective infrared sensing and hyper-spectral imaging, with the incorporation of quantum well or quantum dot infrared photodetector heterostructures. C1 [Zhou, Weidong; Chen, Li; Qiang, Zexuan] Univ Texas Arlington, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhou, WD (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu; Gail.Brown@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation FX The authors acknowledge the helpful discussions with Dr. M. Lu. This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and by National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013515 DI 10.1117/1.2759238 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 383HT UT WOS:000261665400013 ER PT J AU Rutherford, MW Holt, DT AF Rutherford, Matthew W. Holt, Daniel T. TI Corporate entrepreneurship - An empirical look at the innovativeness dimension and its antecedents SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE entrepreneurialism; innovation; modelling ID ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; MANAGERS; PERFORMANCE; FIRMS; METAANALYSIS; PERCEPTIONS; BEHAVIOR; SUPPORT; LINKING; STRESS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to submit and test a model of corporate entrepreneurship (CE). Design/methodology/approach - Using a sample of 264 employees of a mid-sized organization, the authors conceptualize three antecedent categories of CE: process, context, and individual characteristics. The authors also test the mediating affect of CE on desirable individual outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intent, and affective commitment. Findings - The results indicate that the model does an adequate job of explaining CE, and that CE mediates the relationship between our antecedents and individual outcomes. Originality/value - For researchers, the primary value of this research is the opportunity to consider a predictive model of CE on the knowledge base currently in the field. For practitioners, the process seems to offer an important precursor to CE. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Management, Richmond, VA USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 37 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4814 J9 J ORGAN CHANGE MANAG JI J. Organ. Chang. Manage. PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 429 EP 446 DI 10.1108/09534810710740227 PG 18 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 179ZZ UT WOS:000247330800011 ER PT J AU Estevadeordal, J Gorrell, SE Copenhaver, WW AF Estevadeordal, Jordi Gorrell, Steven E. Copenhaver, William W. TI PIV study of wake-rotor interactions in a transonic compressor at various operating conditions SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; FLOW; DPIV; TURBOMACHINERY; PERFORMANCE; STAGE AB Details of the unsteady flowfield between an upstream wake generator and a downstream rotor that are closely spaced in a transonic compressor are studied at various operating conditions using particle-image velocimetry. Flow-visualization images and particle-image velocimetry data facilitate analysis of the details of shed vortices, wake motion, and wake-shock interaction phenomena. Such analysis not only aids the understanding of the effect of blade-row interactions on compressor performance but also allows verification of time-accurate CFD codes that are used to characterize transonic compressors. As the operating point changes from choke to stall and the rotor-bow shock moves upstream, distinct vortex-shedding patterns are observed that affect the wake deviation and rotor incidence. With close spacing between the wake generator and the rotor, vortex shedding from the wake generator and the passage of the rotor-bow shock are strongly synchronized and blade-passage "phase-locked" measurements are possible. The resulting multiple images of the How corresponding to any blade position are averaged to yield vortex and rotor-bow-shock locations at various back pressures. Using various postprocessing methods, specific shed vortices and wake topological features are isolated and details of the wake-shock interaction are captured. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, CARL, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Estevadeordal, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.2514/1.17452 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131KV UT WOS:000243868600029 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH AF Heiser, W. H. TI Comment on "Numerical studies on specific impulse of partially filled pulse detonation rocket engines" SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 254 EP 254 DI 10.2514/1.23962 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131KV UT WOS:000243868600033 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JE Jaffee, MS Leskin, GA Stokes, JW Leal, FO Fitzpatrick, PJ AF Kennedy, Jan E. Jaffee, Michael S. Leskin, Gregory A. Stokes, James W. Leal, Felix O. Fitzpatrick, Pamela J. TI Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE biological factors; blast concussion; clinical course; comorbidity; concussion; incidence; mild traumatic brain injury; rehabilitation; posttraumatic stress disorder; traumatic brain injury; treatment ID MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; EYE-MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS; FLUID-PERCUSSION INJURY; ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; GULF-WAR VETERANS AB In this article, we review the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD-like symptoms that can occur along with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussion, with specific reference to concussive injuries in the military. We address four major areas: (1) clinical aspects of TBI and PTSD, including diagnostic criteria, incidence, predictive factors, and course; (2) biological interface between PTSD and TBI; (3) comorbidity between PTSD and other mental disorders that can occur after mild TBI; and (4) current treatments for PTSD, with specific considerations related to treatment for patients with mild TBI or concussive injuries. C1 [Kennedy, Jan E.; Jaffee, Michael S.; Stokes, James W.; Leal, Felix O.; Fitzpatrick, Pamela J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Leskin, Gregory A.] Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Educ & Clin Lab, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Palo Alto, CA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Psychiat Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, 59MHS SGON,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM janlizkennedy@yahoo.com NR 173 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 23 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 895 EP 919 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.12.0166 PG 25 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 253NL UT WOS:000252524800004 PM 18075948 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Henderson, K Williams, A Ardelean, E AF Lane, Steven A. Henderson, Kyle Williams, Andrew Ardelean, Emil TI Chamber core structures for fairing acoustic mitigation SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID LAUNCH PROTECTION EXPERIMENT; NOISE TRANSMISSION; RESONATORS AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory is pursuing an innovative composite structure design called,chamber core for constructing launch vehicle payload fairings. A composite chamber core fairing consists of many axial tubes sandwiched-between face sheets, tubes that can be used as acoustic dampers to reduce low-frequency interior noise with virtually no added mass. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of noise transmission through a 1.51 in diameter 1.42 in tall chamber core cylinder. It was tested in a semireverberant acoustics laboratory using band-limited random noise at sound pressure levels up to 110 dB. The bare cylinder provided approximately 12.7 dB of attenuation over the 0-500 Hz bandwidth and 153 dB over 0-2000 Hz. The noise reduction increased to over 18 dB for both bandwidths with the axial tubes acting as acoustic dampers. Narrowband reductions in excess of 15 dB were measured around specific acoustic resonances. This was accomplished with virtually no added mass to the composite cylinder. Results were compared with the performance provided by a 2.5 cm acoustic blanket treatment. The acoustic dampers were as effective as the acoustic blanket at low frequency, but not at higher frequencies. The acoustic dampers were better able to couple with and damp the low-frequency acoustic modes. Together, the acoustic blanket and dampers provided over 10 dB more noise reduction over the 2000 Hz bandwidth than the bare cylinder. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.2514/1.17673 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000016 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Rasmussen, SL Stone, DA Palmer, GR Olivas, AC Wander, JD Spencer, M AF McFarland, Michael J. Rasmussen, Steven L. Stone, Daniel A. Palmer, Glenn R. Olivas, Arthur C. Wander, Joseph D. Spencer, Michael TI Field demonstration of visible opacity photographic systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS) is an innovative method that uses digital imaging technology to quantify visible opacity of stationary sources. DOCS, which has been demonstrated at pilot and full scale as a technically defensible and economically attractive alternative to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reference Method 9 (Method 9), uses commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) digital cameras in combination with a user-friendly computer software package to determine opacity. To date, all DOCS field testing has been conducted using two models of digital cameras, notably, Kodak Models DC265 and DC290, both of which are no longer commercially available. To ensure that field-validated digital cameras will be available to future DOCS users, a suite of new digital cameras was evaluated with the opacity determination software including the following: (1) Sony Model Cybershot Model DSC-WI, (2) Nikon Model Coolpix 5200, (3) Fuji Finepix Model E500, and (4) Kodak Model DX6490. Within the opacity range of regulatory interest, that is, 0-40%, the Sony Cybershot Model DSC-WI and Nikon Coolpix Model 5200 digital cameras were found to generate plume photographs of which the DOCS opacity analysis yielded results that were statistically equivalent to the previously field-validated Kodak Model DC290. In contrast, the Fuji Finepix Model E500 generated plume photographs of which the DOCS opacity analysis were, on average, 2.2% less than those generated by the Kodak Model DC290 photographs, a difference that was determined to be statistically significant. Over the same opacity range, photographs taken by the Kodak Model DX6490 yielded DOCS opacity readings that were found to be statistically equivalent to a Method 9-certified transmissometer. Based on the results from the current digital camera validation testing approach, EPA has developed a new camera-based visible opacity measurement method titled "Determination of Visible Emission Opacity from Stationary Sources Using Computer-Based Photographic Analysis Systems." The proposed method is expected to be promulgated after closure of the public comment period. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Xerox Corp, Rochester, NY USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1405 Mt Logan Dr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124EC UT WOS:000243349300005 PM 17269227 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG McGowan, HJ AF Arnold, Jason G. McGowan, Howard J. TI Delay in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus due to inaccurate use of hemoglobin A(1C) levels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Testing of hemoglobin A(1C) (HbA(1C)) levels has become widespread in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Since the 1980s, it has proven to be an invaluable tool correlating with a patient's average blood glucose levels as well as with their disease morbidity. Clinicians often base treatment decisions and make adjustments depending on a patient's HbA(1C) level. As useful as the HbA(1C) is, it does have notable limitations. A number of conditions can lead to a falsely elevated or a falsely low HbA(1C) level. When one of these conditions is present, it is important to recognize the inaccuracy of the HbA(1C) test to prevent a delay or error in the diagnosis or care of patients with diabetes mellitus. It is also important to be aware of alternative methods of monitoring a patient's diabetes such as a fructosamine assay or home and office blood glucose measurements. Presented is the case of a patient with diabetes mellitus and hereditary spherocytosis, a condition that interfered with her HbA(1C) value and resulted in a delay in her care. C1 USAF, Med Corps, Med Grp 78th, Warner Robbins AFB, GA USA. USAF, Med Corps, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP McGowan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Med Corps, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, 79 MDOS,1075 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM howard.mcgowan@andrews.af.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060086 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 123EF UT WOS:000243278400014 PM 17204741 ER PT J AU Golodnitsky, D Kovarsky, R Mazor, H Rosenberg, Y Lapides, I Peled, E Wieczorek, W Plewa, A Siekierski, M Kalita, M Settimi, L Scrosati, B Scanlon, LG AF Golodnitsky, D. Kovarsky, R. Mazor, H. Rosenberg, Yu. Lapides, I. Peled, E. Wieczorek, W. Plewa, A. Siekierski, M. Kalita, M. Settimi, L. Scrosati, B. Scanlon, L. G. TI Host-guest interactions in single-ion lithium polymer electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANION; CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; CONFORMATION; RECEPTORS; TRANSPORT; BATTERIES; SALTS AB The complex interplay between the ionic conductivity and structure of the LiCF3SO3:PEO polymer electrolyte, induced by the calix[6]pyrrole anion receptor, has been investigated by different experimental methods, including ac impedance, calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that calix[6]pyrrole, even at low concentrations, can form stable bidentate complexes with triflate anions, thus making cation transport dominating, which results in t(+) close to unity. It should be noted that the incorporation of an anion trap does not suppress the bulk ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes at above 60 degrees C. We attribute this effect to the dissociation of ion aggregates and structural changes imposed by the additive. Stable solid electrolyte interface resistance was achieved in the polymer electrolytes containing calix[6]pyrrole. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Wolfson Appl Mat Res Ctr, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Analyt Chem, Jerusalem, Israel. Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golodnitsky, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM golod@post.tau.ac.il NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 6 BP A547 EP A553 DI 10.1149/1.2722538 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 163RG UT WOS:000246179800009 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, SJ Reitz, TL Dang, TD Bai, Z Barduad, K AF Rodrigues, S. J. Reitz, T. L. Dang, T. D. Bai, Z. Barduad, K. TI Polyarylenethioethersulfone membranes for fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIRECT POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-UPTAKE; NAFION(R); ELECTRODES AB High-performance sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) polymers have been developed as membranes for fuel cells. These high-molecular-weight polymers synthesized by a polycondensation process have an aromatic backbone along with high sulfonic acid content that provides for their high conductivity and robust mechanical properties. Bulky phenyl-based endcapping agents are incorporated into the system to maintain high water stability and retain high proton conductivity. Films with good mechanical properties were obtained by solvent casting. SPTES polymer systems with a 50% degree of sulfonation (SPTES-50) exhibited high proton conductivity (> 100 mS/cm) at 65 degrees C and 85% relative humidity. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated using SPTES-50 electrolytes that incorporate conventional electrode application techniques have shown high proton mobility. Electrochemical evaluation was performed using nonlinear regression analysis to obtain Tafel parameters. The electrochemical performance of SPTES-50 was comparable to Nafion. Electrochemical impedance spectra were analyzed in terms of a pore-diffusion model. Catalyst utilization for SPTES MEAs using conventional electrode inks with perfluorinated binders was similar to that exhibited by Nafion. Estimates of hydrogen-fuel permeability based upon measured open-circuit voltage indicate that SPTES-50 MEAs exhibit a slightly higher rate of fuel crossover compared to Nafion. Thermogravimetric analysis shows good thermal stability. The high-temperature stability (up to 250 degrees C) and high intrinsic proton conductivities of SPTES-50 qualify it to be a potential candidate for membranes in fuel cells. (C) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 AF Res Lab, PRPS, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rodrigues, SJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, PRPS, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stanley.rodrigues@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 9 BP B960 EP B968 DI 10.1149/1.2755881 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OT UT WOS:000248984600020 ER PT J AU Guha, S Gillen, GD AF Guha, Shekhar Gillen, Glen D. TI Vector diffraction theory of refraction of light by a spherical surface SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES AB Focusing of light by a curved surface is described using the vector Kirchhoff diffraction theory. The electromagnetic fields of a light beam incident as a plane wave on a curved surface separating two transparent media having different refractive indices are expressed as dimensionless double integrals. The integrals are evaluated for a few specific cases, and the three-dimensional distribution of irradiance near the focus is determined. The role of aberration in limiting the maximum achievable irradiance is studied. The distribution of the longitudinal components of the electric field in the focal region is also studied, and the region where the longitudinal fields maximize is determined. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.000001 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 124DO UT WOS:000243347800001 ER PT J AU Paulus, BF Bazar, MA Salice, CJ Mattie, DR Major, MA AF Paulus, Brian F. Bazar, Matthew A. Salice, Christopher J. Mattie, David R. Major, Michael A. TI Perchlorate inhibition of iodide uptake in normal and iodine-deficient rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID THYROID-FUNCTION; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Perchlorate-induced inhibition of thyroidal iodide uptake was measured in normal and iodine-deficient female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats that were made iodine-deficient by long-term restriction of iodine in the diet absorbed a gavage dose of I-131 to the thyroid in proportionally greater amounts than rats fed a normal diet. Furthermore, the iodine-deficient rats maintained their high rates of absorption even when challenged by levels of perchlorate in their drinking water sufficient to produce pronounced inhibition of I-131 uptake in rats fed a normal diet. Every dose of perchlorate used in this study (1.1, 5.6, and 28 mg/L) produced significant inhibition of iodide uptake in normally fed rats, but only the highest level of perchlorate (28 mg/L) significantly inhibited thyroidal uptake of I-131 in the iodine-deficient rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that iodide-deficient animals exhibit increased resistance to the inhibition of iodine absorption resulting from perchlorate exposure. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Major, MA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Hlth Effects Res, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Mick.Major@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 13-14 BP 1142 EP 1149 DI 10.1080/15287390701252741 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 182TU UT WOS:000247527700007 PM 17558809 ER PT J AU Mahle, DA Gearhart, JM Grigsby, CC Mattie, DR Barton, HA Lipscomb, JC Cook, RS AF Mahle, Deirdre A. Gearhart, Jeffery M. Grigsby, Claude C. Mattie, David R. Barton, Hugh A. Lipscomb, John C. Cook, Robert S. TI Age-dependent partition coefficients for a mixture of volatile organic solvents in Sprague-Dawley rats and humans SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL IMPACT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; CHEMICALS; BLOOD; VARIABILITY; ANESTHETICS; SOLUBILITY; MODELS AB The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are critically determined by a few chemical-specific factors, notably their blood and tissue partition coefficients (PC) and metabolism. Age-specific values for PCs in rats have rarely been reported or utilized in pharmacokinetic modeling for predicting dosimetry in toxicity studies with rats progressing through their lifestages. A mixture of six VOCs (benzene, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene) was used to determine blood: air and tissue: air PCs in rats at three different ages (postnatal d 10, 60 d, and 2 yr) and blood: air PCs in pediatric and adult human blood. No differences with age in human blood: air PCs for the six compounds were observed. Rat blood: air PCs increased with age varying with compound. Tissue: air PCs showed tissue-specific changes with age. Water-soluble methyl ethyl ketone showed no age-dependent differences. Partition coefficients, particularly the blood: air PC, are key determinants of the rodent and human blood concentrations; age-appropriate values improve the accuracy of pharmacokinetic model predictions of population variability and age-specific exposures. C1 AFRL, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Assesment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mahle, DA (reprint author), AFRL, HEPB, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM deirdre.mahle@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 20 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.1080/15287390701458991 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 215CI UT WOS:000249785500005 PM 17885931 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Wilfong, ER Bekkedal, MYV Johnson, EW McInturf, SM Eggers, JS Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR AF Arfsten, D. P. Wilfong, E. R. Bekkedal, M. Y. -V. Johnson, E. W. McInturf, S. M. Eggers, J. S. Schaeffer, D. J. Still, K. R. TI Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium (DU) on adult rat behavior and toxicological endpoints SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID OXIDATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SHORT-TERM; MICE; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; REPRODUCTION; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE AB In 2002, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment began a study to determine the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (DU) pellets on adult rat (e. g., P1 generation) health and reproduction. In this report, the effect of implanted DU on adult rat behavior and health is described. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 8 wk of age, were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 20 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm); 20 DU pellets of size 1 x 2 mm approximates to 0.22 kg (0.5 lb) of DU in a 70 kg (154 lb) person. Control animals were implanted with 12 or 20 tantallum (Ta) pellets. The animals were then housed for up to 150 d postimplantation or 20% of an assumed 2-yr life span for rats. The concentration of uranium in urine directly correlated with the number of implanted DU pellets, indicating that DU was migrating into the body from the implanted pellets. Three male and 4 female animals died during the 150-d period of causes apparently not related to DU implantation. Behavioral testing found no definitive evidence of neurobehavioral perturbations associated with DU implantation. Uranium translocated to tissues known to sequester uranium (bone, teeth, and kidneys), but uranium concentrations varied considerably within each dose group and did not follow a dose-response pattern as anticipated. Serum chemistry values were within normal ranges for the SD rat. However, alanine aminotransferse measurements were significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Phosphate measurements were significantly lower for female rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to both sham surgery controls and animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Monocyte ratios were higher in adult rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Mean platelet volume was found to be significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Gross necropsy found no obvious tissue abnormalities in implanted rats, and the weights of major tissues did not differ between Ta- and DU-implanted animals. Histopathologic analysis of major tissues from animals implanted with 0 pellets, 20 Ta pellets, or 20 DU pellets found no differences between treatment groups. The findings of this study indicate that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets in adult rats did not have a significant negative impact on their general health and neurobehavioral capacities when assessed after 150 d of pellet implantation. However, the growing body of data on the potential health effects associated with DU exposure warrants further studies involving higher embedded DU body burdens in conjunction with longer surveillance periods postimplantation. C1 Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. State Wisconsin, Bureau Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 23 BP 1995 EP 2010 DI 10.1080/15287390701550987 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IU UT WOS:000251297400005 PM 17966071 ER PT J AU Praisner, TJ Clark, JP AF Praisner, T. J. Clark, J. P. TI Predicting transition in turbomachinery - Part I: A review and new model development SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Review ID BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION; ADVERSE PRESSURE-GRADIENTS; FREESTREAM TURBULENCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; INTERMITTENCY; STABILITY; LENGTH; PATH AB Here we report on an effort to include an empirically based transition modeling capability in a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver. Well known empirical models for both attached- and separated-flow transition were tested against cascade data and found unsuitable for use in turbomachinery design. Consequently, a program was launched to develop models with sufficient accuracy for use in design. As a first step, accurate prediction of free stream turbulence development was identified as a prerequisite for accurate modeling. Additionally, a demonstrated capability to capture the effects of freer the work. A stream turbulence on pre- transitional boundary layers became an impetus for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-supplemented database of 104 experimental cascade cases was constructed to explore the development of new correlations. Dimensional analyses were performed to guide the work, and appropriate non-diniensional parameters were then extracted from CFD predictions of the laminar boundary layers existing oil the airfoil surfaces prior to either transition onset or incipient separation. For attached-flow transition, onset was found to occur at a critical ratio of the boundary-layer diffusion time to a time scale associated with the energy-bearing turbulent eddies. In the case of separated-flow transition, it was found that the length of a separation bubble prior to turbulent reattachment was a simple function of the local momentum thickness at separation and the overall surface length traversed by a fluid element prior to separation. Both the attached- and separated-flow transition models were implemented into the design system as point-like trips. C1 United Technol Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Praisner, TJ (reprint author), United Technol Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St,M-S 169-29, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 78 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1115/1.2366513 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 127UR UT WOS:000243612300001 ER PT J AU Praisner, TJ Grover, EA Rice, MJ Clark, JP AF Praisner, T. J. Grover, E. A. Rice, M. J. Clark, J. P. TI Predicting transition in turbomachinery - Part II: Model validation and benchmarking SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; AXIAL COMPRESSORS; TURBINES AB The ability to predict boundary layer transition locations accurately on turbomachinery airfoils is critical both to evaluate aerodynamic performance and to predict local heat-transfer coefficients with accuracy. Here we report on an effort to include empirical transition models developed in Part I of this report in a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver To validate the new models, two-dimensional design optimizations utilizing transitional RANS simulations were performed to obtain a pair of low-pressure turbine airfoils with the objective of increasing airfoil loading by 25%. Subsequent experimental testing of the two new airfoils confirmed pre-test predictions of both high and low Reynolds number loss levels. In addition, the accuracy of the new transition modeling capability was benchmarked with a number of legacy cascade and low-pressure turbine (LPT) rig data sets. Good agreement between measured and predicted profile losses was found in both cascade and rig environments. However, use of the transition modeling capability has elucidated deficiencies in typical RANS simulations that are conducted to predict component performance. Efficiency-versus-span comparisons between rig data and multi-stage steady and time-accurate LPT simulations indicate that loss levels in the end wall regions are significantly under predicted. Possible causes for the under-predicted end wall losses are discussed as well as suggestions for future improvements that would make RANS-based transitional simulations more accurate. C1 United Technol Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. USAF, Turbine Engn Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Praisner, TJ (reprint author), United Technol Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St,M-S 169-29, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1115/1.2366528 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 127UR UT WOS:000243612300002 ER PT J AU Beckel, ER Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Beckel, Eric R. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Electro-optical properties of holographically patterned polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL; WAVE-GUIDES; SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; NETWORK STRUCTURE; LIGHT-REFLECTION; BAND; PERFORMANCE; DISPERSION; TEXTURES AB Electro-optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) with holographically patterned polymer stabilization were examined. It is hypothesized that increasing the LC domain size in a single dimension, relative to a random three-dimensional network of LC pockets separated by polymer strands, will allow enhanced electro-optical properties of the final device. Prior to holographic patterning, polymer stabilization with large elastic memory was generated by way of high irradiation intensities and optimized material choices. High irradiation intensities are required for the holographic patterning process to maintain polymer layer formation. At optimized conditions, polymer patterning of the stabilization allowed for an approximate 20% increase in the clear state transmission of the device, and allowed for an approximate 3V mu m(-1) reduction in the overall switching voltage as compared to an analogous floodlit irradiated sample. Switching times were increased at most threefold with holographic patterning, but all relaxation times were below 20 ms. The enhanced electro-optical properties appear to stem from a single dimension domain size increase, which allows for a reduction in the LC/polymer interaction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Beckel, ER (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.1080/02678290701663753 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 225KC UT WOS:000250515800005 ER PT J AU White, TJ Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ Guymon, A AF White, Timothy J. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Bunning, Timothy J. Guymon, Allan TI Contribution of monomer functionality and additives to polymerization kinetics and liquid crystal phase separation in acrylate-based polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROOPTICAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS; SWITCHABLE BRAGG GRATINGS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; VOLUME HOLOGRAMS; COMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; MATRIX AB Fundamental control of the polymerization behaviour of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) is critical to the formation of high-performance devices by polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS). Previous PDLC research has shown that monomer functionality and additives such as surfactants or reactive diluents can impart significant changes to the electrooptical behaviour of a system, especially in acrylate-based materials. The influence of monomer functionality and additives on the polymerization kinetics and LC phase separation were examined in the formation of acrylate-based PDLCs. Real-time infrared (RTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to simultaneously monitor polymerization rate, double bond conversion and LC phase separation. In the formation of PDLCs by PIPS, increasing acrylate monomer functionality reduces the polymerization rate, overall double bond conversion and the extent of LC phase separation. Interestingly, the additives octanoic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) increase the polymerization rate but suppress LC phase separation. During PDLC formation, both octanoic acid and NVP enhance the solubility of the LC in the growing polymer matrix, reducing the rate of liquid - gel demixing and decreasing nematic fraction in PDLCs. As a non-reactive component, octanoic acid increases the polymerization rate by plasticizing the crosslinked polymerization. NVP, a reactive diluent added to decrease viscosity, increases polymerization rate through favourable copolymerization with acrylate monomer. C1 [White, Timothy J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guymon, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM allan-guymon@uiowa.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1377 EP 1385 DI 10.1080/02678290701663936 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 240GX UT WOS:000251576600004 ER PT S AU Natarajan, LV Wofford, JM Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Siwecki, SA Koerner, H Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Wofford, Jeremy M. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Siwecki, Stephen A. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. BE Khoo, IC TI Tuning of a cholesteric filter having a negative dielectric anisotropy - art. no. 66540A SO Liquid Crystals XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XI CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cholesteric liquid crystal; optical tuning; DC field tuning; negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal AB We have studied the tunability of the reflection notch of a cholesteric filter containing a negative dielectric anisotropy LC in a planar alignment. For this purpose, we studied physical, optical and electro-optical characteristics of mixtures containing chiral dopant S811 and the negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal ZLI-2806. Interestingly, smectic A phases were seen at room temperature for S811 loadings >20% by weight of ZLI-2806. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies confirmed the formation of a cholesteric phase above room temperature. A phase diagram was constructed by varying S 811 from 9-50% by weight in the mixture. Reflection notchs were not seen at room temperature for compositions of S811 >20%. On heating, the selective reflection notch of the cholesteric phase appeared and blue shifted with temperature. Various methods of tuning the reflection notch were examined. Thermal tuning from 2200 nm to 450 nm was observed over the temperature range 23 to 55 degrees C. Application of a DC field led to electrical tuning (similar to 50 nm) of the notch. The notch was also tuned (>500 nm) optically by exposing a dye doped cholesteric cell to laser lines at either 532 or 647 nm. C1 USAF, Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6802-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6654 BP A6540 EP A6540 AR 66540A DI 10.1117/12.730860 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BGX04 UT WOS:000251047400006 ER PT J AU Peterson, D AF Peterson, Dale TI Gridline indifference graphs SO MATHEMATICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE indifference graph; tree-clique graph AB Indifference graphs can be realized on a line with vertices adjacent whenever they are within a given distance. These well-studied graphs have applications to many fields including ecology, cluster theory, and psychology, in the placement of objects in a single dimension. The extension to the grid and higher dimensions has been considered in e.g. Goodman's study of perception (1977); we introduce gridline indifference graphs, which can be realized in the plane with vertices adjacent whenever they are within a given distance and on a common vertical or horizontal line. We obtain full and partial characterizations when these graphs are triangulated in terms of forbidden subgraphs, extreme points, and tree-clique graphs. These results are extended to higher dimensions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peterson, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dale.peterson@usafa.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-4896 J9 MATH SOC SCI JI Math. Soc. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 69 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2006.08.003 PG 24 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 128TF UT WOS:000243680900005 ER PT J AU Aguilar, MI Hart, RG Kase, CS Freeman, WD Hoeben, MBJ Garcia, RC Ansell, JE Mayer, SA Norrving, B Rosand, J Steiner, T Wijdicks, EFM Yamaguchi, T Yasaka, M AF Aguilar, Maria I. Hart, Robert G. Kase, Carlos S. Freeman, William D. Hoeben, Maj Barbara J. Garcia, Rosa C. Ansell, Jack E. Mayer, Stephan A. Norrving, Bo Rosand, Jonathan Steiner, Thorsten Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. Yamaguchi, Takenori Yasaka, Masahiro TI Treatment of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: Literature review and expert opinion SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Review ID PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATE; PROSTHETIC HEART-VALVES; RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIA; ORAL ANTICOAGULANT REVERSAL; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE AB Wider use of oral anticoagulants has led to an increasing frequency of warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The high early mortality of approximately 50% has remained stable in recent decades. In contrast to spontaneous ICH, the duration of bleeding is, 12 to 24 hours in many patients, offering a longer opportunity for Intervention. Treatment varies widely, and optimal therapy has yet to be defined. An OVID search was conducted from January 1996 to January 2006, combining the terms warfarin or anticoagulation with intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage. Seven experts on clinical stroke, neurologic intensive care, and hematology were provided with the available information and were asked to independently address 3 clinical scenarios about acute reversal and resumption of anticoagulation in the setting of warfarin-associated ICH. No randomized trials assessing clinical outcomes were found on management of warfarin-associated ICH. All experts agreed that anticoagulation should be urgently reversed, but how to achieve it varied from use of prothrombin complex concentrates only (3 experts) to recombinant factor Vila only (2 experts) to recombinant factor Vila along with fresh frozen plasma (1 expert) and prothrombin complex concentrates or fresh frozen plasma (1 expert). All experts favored resumption of warfarin therapy within 3 to 10 days of ICH in stable patients in whom subsequent anticoagulation is mandatory. No general agreement occurred regarding subsequent anticoagulation of patients with atrial fibrillation who survived warfarin-associated ICH. For warfarin-associated ICH, discontinuing warfarin therapy with administration of vitamin K does not reverse the hemostatic defect for many hours and is inadequate. Reasonable management based on expert opinion includes a wide range of additional measures to reverse anticoagulation in the absence of solid evidence. C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hematol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Pharm, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Syst, Serv Pharm, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Neurol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Neurol, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA. Natl Cardiovasc Ctr, Osaka, Japan. Kyushu Med Ctr, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Aguilar, MI (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM aguilar.maria@mayo.edu RI Steiner, Thorsten/A-7391-2014; OI Norrving, Bo/0000-0002-8024-5096 NR 86 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 12 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 82 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 122MF UT WOS:000243230400013 PM 17285789 ER PT B AU Degnan, JH Brown, AN Cavazos, T Coffey, SK Domonkos, M Frese, MH Frese, SD Gale, D Gilman, C Grabowski, C Intrator, TP Kirkpatrick, R Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Siemon, RE Sommars, W Tucker, W Turchi, PJ Wurden, GA Thio, YCF AF Degnan, J. H. Brown, A. N. Cavazos, T. Coffey, S. K. Domonkos, M. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Gale, D. Gilman, C. Grabowski, C. Intrator, T. P. Kirkpatrick, R. Kiuttu, G. F. Lehr, F. M. Parker, J. V. Peterkin, R. E., Jr. Roderick, N. F. Ruden, E. L. Siemon, R. E. Sommars, W. Tucker, W. Turchi, P. J. Wurden, G. A. Thio, Y. C. F. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Progress on liner implosions for compression of FRC's SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION AB Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is a means to compress plasmas to fusion conditions that uses magnetic fields to greatly reduce electron thermal conduction, thereby greatly reducing compression power density requirements (1, 2). The compression is achieved by imploding the boundary, a metal shell. This effort pursues formation of the Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) type of magnetized plasma, and implosion of the metal shell by means of magnetic pressure from a high current flowing through the shell. We reported at Megagauss 9 that we had shown experimentally (3) that we can use magnetic pressure from high cur-rent capacitor discharges to implode long cylindrical metal shells (liners) with size, symmetry, implosion velocity, and overall performance that is suitable for compression of Field Reversed Configurations (FRC's). We also presented considerations of using deformable liner - electrode contacts of Z-pinch geometry liners or theta pinch driven liners, in order to have axial access to inject FRC's and to have axial diagnostic access., Since then, we have experimentally implemented the Z-pinch discharge driven deformable liner - electrode contact, obtained full axial coverage radiography of such a liner implosion, and obtained 2D-MHD simulations for a variety of profiled thickness long cylindrical liners. The radiographic results indicate that at least 16 times radial compression of the inner surface of a 0.11 cm thick Al liner was achieved, with a symmetric implosion free of instability growth. We have also made progress in combining 2D-MHD simulations of FRC formation with imploding liner compression of FRC's. These indicate that capture of the injected FRC by the imploding liner can be achieved with suitable relative timing of the FRC formation and liner implosion discharges. C1 [Degnan, J. H.; Domonkos, M.; Kiuttu, G. F.; Lehr, F. M.; Ruden, E. L.; Tucker, W.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 FU DOE-OFES FX This research was sponsored by DOE-OFES. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 93 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300010 ER PT B AU Ruden, EL Hammer, JH AF Ruden, Edward L. Hammer, James H. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Stability of plasma configurations during compression SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; ROTATIONAL INSTABILITIES; STABILIZATION; PINCH AB Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) efforts are based on calculations showing that the addition of a closed magnetic field configuration reduces the driver pressure and rise time requirements for inertial confinement fusion by reducing thermal conductivity. However, instabilities that result in convective bulk transport at the Alfven time scale are still of concern since they are much faster than the implosion time. Such instabilities may occur during compression due to, for example, an increase in the plasma/magnetic pressure ratio down arrow or, as in the case of a rotating plasma, spin-up due to angular momentum conservation. Details depend on the magnetic field and compression geometries. A hard-core zeta. pinch with purely azimuthal magnetic field can theoretically be made that relaxes into a wall supported diffuse profile satisfying the Kadomtsev criterion for the stability of mu = 0 modes, which is preserved during cylindrical compression by an imploding outer return conductor down arrow at the center conductor surface must also be low enough to stabilize modes with mu > 1. The stability of mu > 1 modes actually improves during compression. A disadvantage of this geometry, though, is plasma contact with the solid boundaries. In addition to the risk of high atomic number impurity contamination during the initial turbulent bulk relaxation process, such contact causes plasma pressure to drop near the outer conductor, violating the Kadomtsev mu = 0 stability criterion locally. The resultant instability can then convect impurities inward. Meanwhile, the center conductor (which is not part of the Kadomtsev profile) can go mu = 0 unstable, convecting impurities outward. One way to mitigate impurity convection is to instead use a Woltjer-Taylor minimum magnetic energy configuration (spheromak). The sheared magnetic field inhibits convection, and the need for a center conductor is eliminated. The plasma, however, would likely still need to be wall supported due to unfavorable down arrow scaling during quasispherical (3-D) compression. Use of a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) substantially resolves the wall contact issue, but at the cost of introducing a new (rotational) instability. An FRC has an open magnetic field outside its separatrix which effectively diverts wall material. However, FRC ions migrating outward across the separatrix have a nonzero average angular momentum, causing the FRC within to counter-rotate in response. When the FRC's rotational/diamagnetic drift frequency ratio -> reaches a critical value of order unity, the FRC undergoes a rotational instability resulting in rapid disintegration. The instability is exacerbated by cylindrical compression since -> similar to P-2/5 during this phase. A multipole magnetic field frozen into the outer conductor during compression may stabilize this mode directly and/or by impeding spin-up without significantly perturbing the implosion's azimuthal symmetry. C1 [Ruden, Edward L.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Hammer, James H.] Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 129 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300014 ER PT B AU Frese, MH Frese, SD Amdahl, DJ Degnan, JH Roderick, NF AF Frese, Michael H. Frese, Sheny D. Amdahl, David J. Degnan, James H. Roderick, Norman F. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Modeling liner compression of FRCs: Obstacles and advances SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm AB Compression of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) by an imploding solid liner is a possible path to magnetized target fusion. It is critical to the success of such experiments to perform full-up multidimensional computational simulations of them. However, there are numerous difficulties in performing those simulations. The interacting physical processes involved introduce disparate time scales. For example, the FRC itself has near-vacuum buffer-field regions that have extremely high Alfven velocity, while the implosion of the liner proceeds at a much slower pace. These strongly differing time scales impose stringent accuracy requirements. The lifetime of an FRC of sufficient density to provide interesting fusion output is on the order of 10 ins while the implosion times of liners of sufficient thickness to survive acceleration to the requisite velocity are somewhat longer than 20 ms. Hence, the FRC must be formed and translated into the liner after the liner implosion begins, so that the FRC formation fields may perturb the liner. Our previous simulations of the experiment have addressed formation separately from the liner implosion and merged the FRC into the liner simulation, preventing proper assessment of this issue. Experimental success hinges on realizing the magnetic inhibition of thermal conduction to prevent loss of plasma energy. Our previous simulations of the final stages of FRC compression have often failed because of inaccuracy in the numerical treatment of the parallel flux. The Rayleigh Taylor instability of the inner surface of the liner during final stages of compression may ultimately limit the performance of this system and must be assessed computationally. However, the modes that grow are those with crests parallel to the FRC's magnetic field, and are not present in the 2-d azimuthally symmetric simulations used for design of the FRC formation and liner implosion. We have made significant progress on these issues. First, we have performed fully integrated, simultaneous simulations of liner implosion and FRC formation on the same grid. These simulations address the generation of rotation in the FRC as well as perturbations of the liner. Second, we have developed a mixed-order numerical treatment of the anisotropic heat conduction that has proven both more robust and more accurate. The improvement has enabled us to run more simulations for design purposes. Finally, we have begun to perform 3-d simulations of the final stages of compression, beginning from the self-consistent state of the 2-d axisymmetric simulation, perturbed in a mass, energy, momentum, and flux conserving. C1 [Frese, Michael H.; Frese, Sheny D.; Amdahl, David J.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Degnan, James H.; Roderick, Norman F.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Frese, MH (reprint author), NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science FX The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science supported this work NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 137 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300015 ER PT B AU Siemon, RE Bauer, BS Awe, TJ Angelova, MA Fuelling, S Goodrich, T Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Ivanov, V Presura, R Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Reinovsky, RE Scudder, DW Turchi, PJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL Frese, MH Garanin, SF Mokhov, VN AF Siemon, R. E. Bauer, B. S. Awe, T. J. Angelova, M. A. Fuelling, S. Goodrich, T. Lindemuth, I. R. Makhin, V. Ivanov, V. Presura, R. Atchison, W. L. Faehl, R. J. Reinovsky, R. E. Scudder, D. W. Turchi, P. J. Degnan, J. H. Ruden, E. L. Frese, M. H. Garanin, S. F. Mokhov, V. N. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI The challenge of wall-plasma interaction with pulsed MG fields parallel to the wall SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm AB Experiments suitable for a variety of pulsed power facilities are being developed to study plasma formation and stability on the surface of typical liner materials in the megagauss (MG) regime. Understanding the plasma properties near the surface is likely to be critical for the design of Magnetized Target Fusion experiments, where the plasma density in the region near the wall can play an important role in setting the transport from hot fuel to the cold boundary. From the perspective of diagnostic access and simplicity, the surface of a stationary conductor with large enough current to generate MG surface field offers advantages compared with studying the surface of a moving liner. This paper reports on recent experiments at UNR that have generated magnetic fields in the range of about 0.2 to 3 MG, which confirm the viability of future experiments planned at Atlas and/or Shiva Star. Diagnostics reported here involve electrical measurements, streak camera photography, and surface luminosity. Additional diagnostic measurements and numerical modeling will be reported in the future. C1 [Siemon, R. E.; Bauer, B. S.; Awe, T. J.; Angelova, M. A.; Fuelling, S.; Goodrich, T.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Makhin, V.; Ivanov, V.; Presura, R.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Atchison, W. L.; Faehl, R. J.; Reinovsky, R. E.; Scudder, D. W.; Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Degnan, J. H.; Ruden, E. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Frese, M. H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Garanin, S. F.; Mokhov, V. N.] VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. RP Siemon, RE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU DOE OFES [DE FG02-04ER54752, DE-FG02- 06ER54892] FX This work was supported by DOE OFES grants DE FG02-04ER54752, and DE-FG02- 06ER54892. The streak camera was made available by George Rodriguez and Peter Goodwin at Los Alamos National Laboratory NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300017 ER PT B AU Parker, JV Cavazos, TC Roth, CE Degnan, JH Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Coffey, SK AF Parker, J. V. Cavazos, T. C. Roth, C. E. Degnan, J. H. Kiuttu, G. F. Lehr, F. M. Coffey, S. K. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Development and testing of a high-gain magnetic flux compression generator SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm AB The performance of a high-gain FCG is often limited by internal electrical breakdown caused by the high voltage generated during operation. Modem diagnostic techniques provide the opportunity to diagnose internal breakdowns so that generator designs can be improved. This paper describes the internal breakdowns observed in the JAKE FCG developed at the AFRL during the late 1990's. A revision to the stator winding pattern of the JAKE generator has led to improved control of the internal voltage. Designated JILL, the revised generator has substantially better flux transport efficiency, particularly at higher seed current. The techniques employed to design the new stator winding and the results of development testing are presented. C1 [Parker, J. V.; Cavazos, T. C.; Roth, C. E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Degnan, J. H.; Kiuttu, G. F.; Lehr, F. M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Coffey, S. K.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Parker, JV (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 265 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300032 ER PT B AU Tasker, DG Goforth, JH Oona, H Kiultu, G Domonkos, M AF Tasker, Douglas G. Goforth, James H. Oona, Henn Kiultu, Gerald Domonkos, Matthew BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI Experimental and theoretical analyses of explosively-formed fuse (EFF) opening switches SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm AB The EFF is used at Los Alamos as the primary opening switch for high current applications. it has interrupted currents from similar to 10 kA to 25 MA, thus diverting the current into low inductance loads. To understand and optimize the performance of full-scale experiments, many parameters were studied in a series of small-scale experiments, including: electrical conduction through the explosive products; current density; explosive initiation; insulator type; conductor thickness; conductor metal; metal temper; and on. The results show a marked inverse correlation of peak EFF resistance with current density. In this paper we postulate and refute a simple extrusion mechanism of EFF operation; demonstrate that the EFF switch has a near-ideal profile for producing flat-topped voltage profiles; and explore possible mechanisms for the degradation of small scale switch performance. C1 [Tasker, Douglas G.; Goforth, James H.; Oona, Henn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kiultu, Gerald; Domonkos, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US De partment of Energy [LA-UR- 06-6087]; US Air Force Research Laboratory FX We wish to acknowledge Dennis Herrera, Dave Torres, and Jim King for their excellent experimental work. This study was funded by the US De partment of Energy (LA-UR- 06-6087) and the US Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300037 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, WD AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Sengupta, Sandip K. Goodhue, William D. BE George, T Cheng, Z TI MEMS deformable mirror optical limiter for dynamic range compression deconvolution - art. no. 65560B SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE adaptive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optoelectronics; MEMS ID BIAS AB We propose dynamic range compression deconvolution by a new nonlinear optical limiter micro-electro-mechanical system (NOLMEMS) device. The NOLMEMS uses aperturized, reflected coherent light from optically addressed, parabolically deformable mirrors. The light is collimated by an array of micro-lenses. The reflected light saturates as a function of optical drive intensity. In this scheme, a joint image of the blurred input information and the blur impulse response is captured and sent to a spatial light modulator (SLM). The joint information on the SLM is read through a laser beam and is Fourier transformed by a lens to the back of the NOLMEMS device. The output from the NOLMEMS is Fourier transformed to produce the restored image. We derived the input-output nonlinear transfer function of our NOLMEMS device, which relates the transmitted light from the pinhole to the light intensity incident on the back side of the device, and exhibits saturation. We also analyzed the deconvolution orders for this device, using a nonlinear transform method. Computer simulation of image deconvolution by the NOLMEMS device is also presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AF Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AF Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6678-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6556 BP B5560 EP B5560 AR 65560B DI 10.1117/12.719619 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGK10 UT WOS:000247873700005 ER PT J AU Bridges, E Schmelz, J Evers, K AF Bridges, Elizabeth Schmelz, Joseph Evers, Karen TI Efflicacy of the Blizzard Blanket or blizzard blanket plus Thermal Angel in preventing hypothermia in a hemorrhagic shock victim (Sus scrofa) under operational conditions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States CY NOV 01, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Assoc Mil Surg US ID TRAUMA; INSULATION; FLUID; COAGULOPATHY; MODEL AB The prevention of hypothermia in military casualties under field conditions is challenging. The efficacy of a baffled reflective Blanket (Blizzard Blanket), a portable intravenous fluid warmer (Thermal Angel), and wool Blankets (control) in preventing hypothermia was tested under military field conditions in a swine hemorrhagic shock model. Fifteen pigs were bled at 10 degrees C. After 45 minutes, Hextend was administered (groups 1 and 3, at 10 degrees C; group 2, via Thermal Angel); groups 2 and 3 were encircled with a Blizzard Blanket. After 120 minutes, the pigs were moved to 21 degrees C to simulate a field hospital; group 1 was covered with Blankets. Blood was administered (groups 1 and 3, at 4 degrees C; group 2, via Thermal Angel) with 180 minutes of monitoring. The core temperature was <35 degrees C in five of five control pigs, four of five Blizzard-only pigs, and one of five Thermal Angel plus Blizzard Blanket pigs. The Blizzard Blanket limited but did not prevent hypothermia. The Thermal Angel plus Blizzard Blanket combination prevented hypothermia. The Thermal Angel is useful for bolus administration when electricity is limited; its military field use is constrained by battery weight and battery life. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bridges, E (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000004 PM 17274259 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Dalrymple, MA Podberesky, DJ Coppola, CP AF Anderson, Christopher M. Dalrymple, Monica A. Podberesky, Daniel J. Coppola, Christopher P. TI Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a basic military trainee SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION; ILEUS; CT AB We present the case of a 19-year-old woman with feeding intolerance, due to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, after weight loss experienced during basic military training. She had previous good health and presented with vomiting 8 weeks after starting military training. She had experienced a 16-pound (7 kg) weight loss during the course of training and was increasingly unable to tolerate meals, solids worse than liquids. Computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast revealed gastric and duodenal distention, with narrowing of the second portion of the duodenum at the SMA. A nasojejunal feeding tube was placed and she was given tube feedings. Weight increased and she eventually tolerated oral feedings. She completed military training and remains in good health. SMA syndrome is a rare cause of feeding intolerance, but can follow periods of acute weight loss, as is experienced by some basic military trainees. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Anderson, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 59 MDW,2200 Bergquist Ave,Suite 1,MCSG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000005 PM 17274260 ER PT J AU Austin, PN Stevenson, MA Scholes, RB Dremsa, TL Austin, PN AF Austin, Paul N. Stevenson, Mark A. Scholes, Robert B. Dremsa, Theresa L. Austin, Paul N. TI Readiness estimate and deployability index for air force nurse anesthetists SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Nurse-Anesthetists CY AUG 07-11, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Nurse Anesthetists ID SOUTH VIETNAM; ANESTHESIA; CASUALTIES; WAR; RESUSCITATION; EXPERIENCES; VAPORIZER; SURGERY AB Air Force (AF)-certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) play an important role in the support of the global war on terror. The purpose of the investigation was to use an AF CRNA-specific modification of the Readiness Estimate and Deployability Index Revised for AF Nurses to assess readiness for deployment. Dimensions included clinical competency, operational competency, soldier/survival skills, personal/psychosocial/physical readiness, leadership and administrative support, and group integration/identification. Readiness skills verification for AF CRNAs was used to develop clinical competency questions. Validity was assessed by two experts, and internal consistency reliability was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha. Available stateside AF CRNAs (n=105) were surveyed, with a 60% response rate. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, providing a mean score for each variable. Using a 5-point scale, participants rated themselves with an overall readiness score of 4.09, which suggests that AF CRNAs perceive themselves as ready to deploy. C1 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000008 ER PT J AU Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE Pavuk, M AF Ketchum, Norma S. Michalek, Joel E. Pavuk, Marian TI Mortality, length of life, and physical examination attendance in participants of the Air Force Health Study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; SERUM DIOXIN; FOLLOW-UP; POSTSERVICE MORTALITY; PATERNAL DIOXIN; VIETNAM-WAR; VETERANS; HERBICIDES; CANCER; SEX AB Begun in 1982, the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) has assessed the mortality of veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerially spraying herbicides in Vietnam. A comparison group of other Air Force veterans involved with aircraft missions in Southeast Asia during the same period, but not involved with spraying herbicides, was included in the study. Among 18,082 veterans, this report examined whether attendance at AFHS physical examinations from 1982 to 1999 played a role in mortality experience and potential lengthening of life relative to veterans who did not attend. The years of potential life lost for 1,173 veterans who died before age 65 was calculated. No statistically significant difference in risk of death was found from all causes, cancer, or circulatory disease between attendees and nonattendees. No evidence was found to suggest that attending physical examinations decreased mortality or substantially lengthened life in AFHS participants. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Spec Pro Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Ketchum, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 8315 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000012 PM 17274267 ER PT S AU Savage, J Coker, C Thai, B Aboutalib, O Chow, A Yamaoka, N Kim, C AF Savage, James Coker, Charles Thai, Bea Aboutalib, Omar Chow, Anthony Yamaoka, Neil Kim, Charles BE Schum, K Trevisani, DA TI Irma 5.2 multi-sensor signature prediction model SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Irma; signature prediction; image rendering; model validation AB The Irma synthetic signature prediction code is being developed by the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MN) to facilitate the research and development of multi-sensor systems. There are over 130 users within the Department of Defense, NASA, Department of Transportation, academia, and industry. Irma began as a high-resolution, physics-based Infrared (IR) target and background signature model for tactical weapon applications and has grown to include: a laser (or active) channel (1990), improved scene generator to support correlated frame-to-frame imagery (1992), and passive IR/millimeter wave (MMW) channel for a co-registered active/passive IR/MMW model (1994). Irma version 5.0 was released in 2000 and encompassed several upgrades to both the physical models and software; host support was expanded to Windows, Linux, Solaris, and SGI Irix platforms. In 2005, version 5.1 was released after an extensive verification and validation of an upgraded and reengineered active channel. Since 2005, the reengineering effort has focused on the Irma passive channel. Field measurements for the validation effort include the unpolarized data collection. Irma 5.2 is scheduled for release in the summer of 2007. This paper will report the validation test results of the Irma passive models and discuss the new features in Irma 5.2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Savage, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6686-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6564 BP U8 EP U19 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BGR59 UT WOS:000250108400001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, E Viggiano, AA AF Ferguson, E. Viggiano, A. A. TI The role of the adiabatic principle in ion chemistry: a personal history SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ENERGY; MOLECULE REACTION; RATE-CONSTANT; NO+(V) IONS; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION; NEUTRAL COLLISIONS; NO; DETACHMENT; HELIUM AB Prior to their measurement in the laboratory, several critical ionospheric ion-molecule reactions were excluded from models on the basis of the adiabatic principle of Ehrenfest. Following the development of versatile laboratory measurement techniques, a number of these reactions were found to be fast, implying that the adiabatic principle was generally inapplicable to thermal energy ion-molecule reactions. Examples of rare exceptions are shown. More recently, there have been successful applications of this theory as evidenced in Landau-Teller plots of vibrational quenching and excitation of various ions. C1 AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1080/00268970701206659 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 199HA UT WOS:000248685600004 ER PT S AU Berger, MS Lawton, JH AF Berger, Matthew S. Lawton, James H. BE Burkhard, HD Lindemann, G Verbrugge, R Varga, LZ TI Multi-agent planning in Sokoban SO MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Central and Eastern European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 25-27, 2007 CL Leipzig, GERMANY AB The issue of multi-agent planning in highly dynamic environments is a major impediment to conventional planning solutions. Plan repair and replanning solutions alike have difficulty adapting to frequently changing environment states. To adequately handle such situations, this paper instead focuses on preserving individual agent plans through multi-agent coordination techniques. We describe a reactive agent system architecture in which the main focus of an agent is to be able to achieve its subgoals without interfering with any other agent. The system is a 3-level architecture, where each level is guided by the following fundamental principles, respectively: when is it valid to generate a plan for a subgoal, who is most appropriate for completing the subgoal, and how should the plan be carried out. C1 [Berger, Matthew S.; Lawton, James H.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Berger, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75253-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4696 BP 334 EP 336 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGW14 UT WOS:000250900900042 ER PT J AU Breitzman, T Lipton, R Iarve, E AF Breitzman, Timothy Lipton, Robert Iarve, Endel TI Local field assessment inside multiscale composite architectures SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE corrector theory; fiber reinforced composites; stress analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; INTERFACE PROBLEMS; STRESS; HOMOGENIZATION; CONVERGENCE; BOUNDS; DAMAGE; MEDIA; PROOF AB We introduce asymptotic expansions for recovering the local field behavior inside multiscale composite architectures in the presence of residual stress. The theory applies to zones containing abrupt changes in the composite microgeometry. This includes the interfaces between plies inside fiber reinforced laminates. The asymptotic expansions are used to develop a fast numerical algorithm to extract local field information inside a prescribed subdomain without having to resort to a full numerical simulation. For regions of homogeneous microstructure, the analysis delivers bounds on the magnitude of the local stress and strain fields inside the composite. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the utility of the asymptotic theory for quickly assessing the location and magnitude of local field concentrations inside complex composite architectures. C1 [Breitzman, Timothy] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lipton, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Iarve, Endel] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Breitzman, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.breitzman@wpafb.af.mil; lipton@math.lsu.edu; endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 937 EP 962 DI 10.1137/060676520 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 249UG UT WOS:000252254800011 ER PT J AU Hagen, JA Li, WX Spaeth, H Grote, JG Steckl, AJ AF Hagen, Joshua A. Li, Wei-Xin Spaeth, Hans Grote, James G. Steckl, Andrew J. TI Molecular beam deposition of DNA nanometer films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; CAST FILM; COMPLEX; BLUE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; ENERGY AB The development of novel photonic devices which incorporate biological materials is strongly tied to the development of thin film forming processes. Solution-based ("wet") processes when used with biomaterials in device fabrication suffer from dissolution of underlying layers, incompatibility with clean environment, inconsistent film properties, etc. We have investigated ultra-high-vacuum molecular beam deposition of surfactant-modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We have obtained effective deposition rates of similar to 0.1-1 A/s, enabling reproducible and controllable deposition of nanometer-scale films. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Steckl, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1021/nl062342u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 124PK UT WOS:000243381300023 PM 17212452 ER PT S AU Zhang, YC Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB AF Zhang, Yingchun Scanlon, Lawrence G. Balbuena, Perla B. BE Balbuena, PB Seminario, JM TI Hydrogen Adsorption in Corannulene-based Materials SO NANOMATERIALS: DESIGN AND SIMULATION SE Theoretical and Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; LITHIUM; NANOFIBERS; GRAPHITE; SYSTEMS; ENERGY C1 [Zhang, Yingchun; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scanlon, Lawrence G.] USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7323 BN 978-0-08-046683-5 J9 THEOR COMPU CHEM PY 2007 VL 18 BP 127 EP 166 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCQ97 UT WOS:000311048900007 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Dajani, IA Mandeville, WJ Knize, RJ Mao, SS AF Lu, Yalin Dajani, Iyad A. Mandeville, W. J. Knize, R. J. Mao, S. S. BE Bai, C Xie, S Zhu, X TI New p-n junction photodetector using optimized ZnO nanorod array SO NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT China International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology (ChinaNANO 2005) CY JUN 09-11, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Natl Steering Comm Nanotechnol DE photodetector; nanorod array; combinatorial spreadsheet; ZnO AB In this research, nanoscale spatial resolution p-n junction photodetector arrays were developed using ZnO nanorod arrays grown on p-type silicon substrates. In order to optimize the nanorod array quality, an advanced combinatorial spreadsheet approach was used to optimize the Au catalyst thickness. The crystallinity of these as-grown ZnO nanorods' was compared to that of bulk and thin film ZnO materials. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Dajani, Iyad A.; Mandeville, W. J.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mao, S. S.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 978-3-908451-30-3 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2007 VL 121-123 BP 809 EP 812 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BFV01 UT WOS:000244739900192 ER PT B AU Montminy, DP Baldwin, RO Williams, PD Mullins, BE AF Montminy, David P. Baldwin, Rusty O. Williams, Paul D. Mullins, Barry E. BE Arslan, T Stoica, A Suess, M Keymeulen, D Higuchi, T Magness, R Aydin, N Erdogan, AT TI Using relocatable bitstreams for fault tolerance SO NASA/ESA CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems CY AUG 05-08, 2007 CL Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP NASA Jet Propuls Lab, European Space Agcy HO Univ Edinburgh AB The regular structure and addressing scheme for the Virtex-II family of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) allows the relocation of partial bitstreams through direct bitstream manipulation. Our bitstream translation program relocates modules on an FPGA by changing the partial bitstream of the module. To take advantage of relocatable modules, three fault tolerant circuit designs are developed and tested. While operating through a fault, these designs provide support for efficient and transparent replacement of the faulty module with a relocated fault-free module. The architecture of the FPGA and static logic significantly constrain the placement of relocatable modules, especially when a microprocessor is placed on the FPGA. C1 [Montminy, David P.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Williams, Paul D.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Montminy, DP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.montminy@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; paul.williams@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA FX Research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2866-3 PY 2007 BP 701 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BGN37 UT WOS:000248594600095 ER PT S AU D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Adair, ER AF D'Andrea, John A. Ziriax, John M. Adair, Eleanor R. BE Sharma, HS TI Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: mild hyperthermia and safety standards SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review DE behavioral; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields; mild hyperthermia; radio frequency; safety standards; thermoregulatory ID MICROWAVE-RADIATION ABSORPTION; EVOKED WARMTH SENSATIONS; AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; RF EXPOSURE; THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; OPERANT-BEHAVIOR AB This chapter is a short review of literature that serves as the basis for current safe exposure recommendations by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, 1998) and the IEEE C95.1 (IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, 2005) for exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF). Covered here are topics on dosimetry, thermoregulatory responses, behavioral responses, and how these have been used to derive safe exposure limits for humans to RF-EMF. Energy in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, 3 kHz-300 GHz, can be uniquely absorbed and is different from ionizing radiation both in dosimetry and effects. The deposition of thermalizing energy deep in the body by exposure to RF-EMF fields provides a unique exception to the energy flows normally encountered by humans. Behavioral effects of RF-EMF exposure range from detection to complete cessation of trained behaviors. RF-EMF is detectable and can in most cases, presumably by thermal mechanisms, support aversion and disruption or complete cessation (work stoppage) of behavior. Safety standards are based on behavioral responses by laboratory animals to RF-EMF, enhanced by careful studies of human thermoregulatory responses at four specific RF frequencies, thereby providing a conservative level of protection from RF-EMF for humans. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. RP D'Andrea, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.dandrea@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 114 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 BN 978-0-444-51926-9 J9 PROG BRAIN RES JI Prog. Brain Res. PY 2007 VL 162 BP 107 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62007-4 PG 29 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900007 PM 17645917 ER PT J AU Wiggins, GC Shaffrey, CI AF Wiggins, Gregory C. Shaffrey, Christopher I. TI Dorsal surgery for myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE fusion; laminectomy; laminoplasty; myelopathy; myeloradiculopathy; surgery ID CERVICAL SPONDYLOTIC MYELOPATHY; POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; OPEN-DOOR LAMINOPLASTY; SPINAL STENOTIC MYELOPATHY; EXPANSIVE LAMINOPLASTY; COMPRESSION MYELOPATHY; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; DECOMPRESSIVE LAMINECTOMY; SITTING POSITION AB OBJECTIVE: To review the dorsal approaches to the cervical spine for myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy. METHODS: The literature was reviewed in reference to dorsal approaches fro cervical myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy. RESULTS: There are a variety of surgical approaches in the management of cervical myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy. Deciding which is the best method for any individual requires the surgeon to be aware of the advantages of each techniques, as well as the complications and limitations of each approach. CONCLUSION: Laminectomy is the traditional techniques used for multilevel cervical stenosis. The complications related to laminectomy, such as late neurological decline, kyphosis, instability, and postoperative radiculopathy, led to laminectomy with fusion. In Japan, dissatisfaction with both laminectomy with fusion led to the development of laminoplasty for dorsal treatment of multilevel cervical stenosis. this article highlights the salient features of preoperative evaluation in this patient population as it pertains to dorsal surgical approaches. Additionally, the techniques of laminectomy, laminectomy with fusion, and laminoplasty are compared, and the results are reviewed. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Neurol Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Wiggins, GC (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 60 MSGS SGCXN,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM greg.wiggins@travis.af.mil NR 98 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD JAN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 SU S BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000215379.90537.0B PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 125DI UT WOS:000243421600017 ER PT S AU Arritt, BJ Kumar, A Buckley, S Hannum, R Welsh, J Beard, S Xinlin, Q Wegner, P AF Arritt, Brandon J. Kumar, Amrita Buckley, Steven Hannum, Robert Welsh, Jeffry Beard, Shawn Xinlin, Qin Wegner, Peter BE Wu, HF Diaz, AA Shull, PJ TI Responsive satellites and the need for structural health monitoring - art. no. 653109 SO Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 CY MAR 20-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE operationally Responsive Space; satellites; structural health monitoring; modular; flight qualification AB The United States is striving to develop an Operationally Responsive Space capability. The goal is to be able to deliver tailored spacecraft capabilities to the warfighter as needs arise. This places a premium on the timespan between generating that requirement and having a functioning satellite performing its mission on orbit. Although there is lively debate regarding how to achieve this responsive space capability, one thing remains undeniable; the satellite flight qualification and launch vehicle integration process needs to be dramatically truncated. This paper describes the Air Force Research Laboratory's attempts to validate the use of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in lieu of traditional structural flight qualification testing schemes (static and shock loads, random vibration, coupled loads analysis, thermal vacuum testing, etc.) for potential Responsive Space (RS) satellites. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6652-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6531 BP 53109 EP 53109 AR 653109 DI 10.1117/12.714424 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK43 UT WOS:000247961500006 ER PT S AU Guha, S Gonzalez, LP AF Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leonel P. BE Powers, PE TI Theory of second harmonic generation in presence of diffraction, beam walk-off and pump depletion - art. no. 64550W SO Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications VI CY JAN 23-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA ID EFFICIENCY AB Integral expressions for the pump and generated fields are presented here for the case of second harmonic generation of a focused Gaussian pump beam incident on a nonlinear crystal. The birefringent walk-off of the generated beam and the effect of pump depletion are included in the theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6568-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6455 BP W4550 EP W4550 AR 64550W DI 10.1117/12.715063 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BGA80 UT WOS:000245827000027 ER PT S AU Diggs, DE Grote, JG Fielding, J Jone, KW Jenkins, LC Turner, IL AF Diggs, Darnell E. Grote, James G. Fielding, Jennifer Jone, Keith W. Jenkins, Larry C. Turner, I. Leon BE Koshel, RJ Gregory, GG TI Creating scientific and technical talent through educational outreach - art. no. 666809 SO NOVEL OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM); educational outreach; minority recruitment AB Using descriptive and explanatory research methodologies, researchers have qualitatively investigated factors influential in causing our nation's youth to decide whether to select science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) as their academic majors. Furthermore, researchers have also examined what causes African American men and women to decide whether they desire to become engineers and scientists. Using preexisting studies numerous themes have emerged from these data, which supports educational outreach as a powerful tool for encouraging our youth to consider the STEM disciplines. This paper highlights Air Force Research Laboratory researchers' efforts in combating the forces that could jeopardize our nation's position as one of the leaders in technology and scientific innovations. C1 [Diggs, Darnell E.; Grote, James G.; Fielding, Jennifer] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Diggs, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6816-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6668 BP 66809 EP 66809 DI 10.1117/12.734571 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Education & Educational Research; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHH94 UT WOS:000253370700008 ER PT S AU Grupen, M Sotirelis, P Wong, S Albrecht, J Bedford, R Maley, S AF Grupen, Matt Sotirelis, Paul Wong, Steve Albrecht, John Bedford, Robert Maley, Sarah GP IEEE TI Full wave electromagnetics for simulating terahertz quantum well laser diode modulation SO NUSOD '07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES SE International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD '07) CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE HO Univ Delaware ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB A unique discretization scheme that couples Maxwell's full wave vector field equations self-consistently with nonlinear charge and energy transport is presented. The scheme is used to simulate how terahertz modulation bandwidths may be achieved in a simple electrically pumped quantum well laser diode by dynamically heating the degenerate quantum charge gases with high frequency radiation. C1 [Grupen, Matt; Sotirelis, Paul; Wong, Steve] High Performance Technol Inc, 11955 Freedom Dr,Suite 1100, Reston, VA USA. [Albrecht, John; Bedford, Robert; Maley, Sarah] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Grupen, M (reprint author), High Performance Technol Inc, 11955 Freedom Dr,Suite 1100, Reston, VA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-3234 BN 978-1-4244-1431-4 J9 INT C NUMER SIMUL PY 2007 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGW85 UT WOS:000251014300033 ER PT J AU Robinson, RD Casablanca, Y Pagano, KE Arthur, NA Bates, GW Propst, AM AF Robinson, Randal D. Casablanca, Yovanni Pagano, Katherine E. Arthur, Nancy A. Bates, G. Wright Propst, Anthony M. TI Intracervical block and pain perception during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram - A randomized controlled trial SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE; DOUBLE-BLIND; ANESTHESIA; RELIEF; SCORES AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether an intracervical block of 1% liclocaine decreased pain perception compared with placebo during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 patients assessing pain perception during a hysterosalpingogram. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Patients received either a 1% liclocaine intracervical block, an intracervical saline injection, or no injection. Visual analog (WAS) and qualitative scales were used to assess study participants' pain at six different time points during the hysterosalpingogram. RESULTS: Subjects receiving the liclocaine block had significantly less pain (P <.001) by VAS during tenaculum placement (approximately 61% less, 1.303 cm) and with tenaculum traction (approximately 40% less, 2.804 cm) compared with both the intracervical saline injection group and the no injection group (tenaculum placement, 3.384 cm and 3.354 cm, and tenaculum traction, 4.705cm and 4.961 cm, respectively). There was no improvement seen with pain perception during instillation of the contrast in the lidocaine group compared with the saline or no injection group (P <.073). Subjects who received the saline injection had statistically more pain (P <.001) by VAS (2.647 cm) immediately after the injection compared with the lidocaine (approximately 79% greater, 1.476 cm) and no injection groups (115% greater, 1.232 cm). CONCLUSION: Liclocaine intracervical block provides better pain relief than placebo during tenaculum placement and tenaculum traction during a hysterosalpingogram. This study suggests that patients should be offered an intracervical block before placement of the cervical tenaculum to decrease pain during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Robinson, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM randal.robinson@ackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000247645.52211.41 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171YO UT WOS:000246771500013 PM 17197592 ER PT J AU Bailey, K Ng, JD Hwang, PH Saulny, SM Holck, DEE Rubin, PAD AF Bailey, Kristi Ng, John D. Hwang, Peter H. Saulny, Stanley M. Holck, David E. E. Rubin, Peter A. D. TI Infraorbital nerve surgical decompression for chronic infraorbital nerve hyperesthesia SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Purpose: To present three cases of chronic infraorbital nerve hyperesthesia relieved by surgical decompression of the infraorbital nerve. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: We identified three cases of chronic hyperesthesia of the infraorbital nerve. Two cases were related to previous blunt orbital trauma, whereas the third was associated with a long-standing anophthalmic socket with numerous previous surgeries. In each case, patients had dramatic relief of infraorbital nerve hyperesthesia and pain after surgical decompression of the infraorbital nerve. Conclusions: Surgical decompression of the infraorbital nerve can provide significant symptomatic improvement in patients with chronic infraorbital nerve hyperesthesia secondary to nerve compression. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oculoplast Dept, Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bailey, K (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oculoplast Dept, Casey Eye Inst, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM ngj@ohsu.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1097/IOP.0b013e31802dd3fc PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 132NZ UT WOS:000243950800012 PM 17237691 ER PT J AU Wilcox, M Kadri, OA AF Wilcox, Michael Kadri, Omar A. TI Force and geometry determine structure and function of glaucoma filtration capsules SO OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE glaucoma; glaucoma drainage devices; filtration capsule; fibrosis ID MITOMYCIN-C; TRABECULECTOMY; 5-FLUOROURACIL; TRIAL AB Background/Aims: Glaucoma shunts vent aqueous humor to orbital tissue across a fibrous capsule. The capsule consists of collagen and fibroblasts, and its formation was assumed to be a cicatricial process. Capsule fibrosis remains the leading cause of device failure. We tested the wound healing hypothesis using morphometry and polarization microscopy and found the capsule consists not of scar tissue but rather highly organized extracellular matrix. Methods: Polarization microscopy reveals collagen orientation within the extracellular matrix. Rotation of the specimen in the plane of polarized light reveals collagen bundle orientation with respect to capsule surface geometry. Capsule thickness was measured and correlated with device dimension. Results: Capsule collagen is highly organized and not scar tissue. Relative orientation is predictable from simple engineering principles and shows tissue deposits reinforcing collagen parallel to its principle stress axes along the capsule surface. Capsule thickness and collagen orientation correlate with device dimension and surface geometry. Conclusion: The corollary is true. Geometry can be used to manage the amount, distribution and orientation of collagen and thus control hydraulic conductivity and surface area of the filtration capsule. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA, DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilcox, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA, DFB, 2355 Fac Dr 2N224, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mike.wilcox@usafa.af.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3755 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGICA JI Ophthalmologica PY 2007 VL 221 IS 4 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1159/000101925 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 181KE UT WOS:000247434800004 PM 17579289 ER PT S AU Zohner, JJ Stolarski, DJ Pocock, GM Cowart, JR Clark, CD Thomas, RJ Cain, CP Kumru, SS Rockwell, BA AF Zohner, Justin J. Stolarski, David J. Pocock, Ginger M. Cowart, Jerry R. Clark, Clifton D., III Thomas, Robert J. Cain, Clarence P. Kumru, Semih S. Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Comparative analysis of histological results of visible lesion thresholds for thermal and LIB induced skin damage at 1.3 mu m and 1.5 mu m - art. no. 643504 SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE laser; histopathology; skin; near-IR; MVL; safety; LIB ID BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; LASER-PULSES; ABLATION; NM AB An assessment of skin damage caused by near-IR laser exposures is reported. The damage from two distinct laser-tissue temporal regimes is compared at two wavelengths (1.3 mu m and 1.5 mu m). Skin damage caused by thermal effects from single laser pulses is compared to damage caused by LIB (laser induced breakdown) using histological examinations. Modeling applications are explored to determine crossover points between thermal and photomechanical damage thresholds. C1 USAF, AFRL HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zohner, JJ (reprint author), USAF, AFRL HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP 43504 EP 43504 AR 643504 DI 10.1117/12.700405 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900002 ER PT S AU Mixon, DG Roach, WP AF Mixon, Dustin G. Roach, William P. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI A thermal model of laser absorption - art. no. 643506 SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE thermal model; non-ionizing; radio frequency; laser; microwave AB We give a closed-form expression for the temperature change induced by exposure to a continuous wave Gaussian laser under the assumption that no heat transfer occurs in the biological tissue. An explicit dependence of temperature change on fluence is established. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radiofrequency Rad, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Roach, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radiofrequency Rad, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP 43506 EP 43506 AR 643506 DI 10.1117/12.700910 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900004 ER PT S AU Yaws, KM Mixon, DG Roach, WP AF Yaws, K. M. Mixon, D. G. Roach, W. P. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Electromagnetic properties of tissue in the optical region - art. no. 643507 SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE dielectric permittivity; attenuation; optical conductivity AB To properly assess skin damage caused by photonic exposure, the mechanisms of photon attenuation and subsequent heat production are investigated. Currently, voids exist in frequency specific electromagnetic proper-ties such as the complex dielectric permittivity and conductivity necessary to define refractive index and attenuation values. We investigate these properties in several tissues such as blood, bone, skin, vitreous humor, cornea, retina and many others. Inside these tissues, exponential decrease in photon energy occurs due to attenuation. Because photon energy absorbed in tissue is expressed as heat in many instances, it follows that the dielectric properties of the material will also change as a function of the heating patterns as well as with frequency or wavelength. Conversely, changes in tissue thermal properties should change photon behavior as dispersion properties change. In our case we are concerned with existing data and theoretically determining dispersion properties over a large range of frequencies or wavelengths. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Yaws, KM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd Bldg 1162, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP 43507 EP 43507 AR 643507 DI 10.1117/12.715202 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900005 ER PT S AU Thomas, RJ Vincelette, RL Clark, CD AF Thomas, Robert J. Vincelette, Rebecca L. Clark, C. D., III BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Propagation effects in the assessment of laser damage thresholds to the eye and skin - art. no. 64350A SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE laser damage; laser-tissue interaction; computational physics; beam propagation; heat transfer ID LOW-DENSITY PLASMAS; BEAM-PROPAGATION; DISPERSION; MEDIA AB Computational physics methods are described for the evaluation of the role of propagation with regard to laser damage to tissues. Regions of the optical spectrum, where linear and non-linear propagation affects irradiance distributions within tissues, are examined. Effects described include group-velocity dispersion, aberrations, thermal lensing, and self-focusing. Implications to exposure limits within safety standards, incorporating these irradiance-altering effects, are addressed such that inherent trends agree over wide temporal and spectral ranges, with damage thresholds measured experimentally. We present current regions of interest to the standard-setting community and recent works showing how propagation effects may be playing a key role in assessing damage thresholds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78325 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, San Antonio, TX 78325 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP A4350 EP A4350 AR 64350A DI 10.1117/12.715190 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900007 ER PT S AU Vincelette, RL Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Welch, AJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca L. Thomas, Robert J. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Welch, Ashley J. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Thermal lensing in the ocular media. - art. no. 64350C SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE thermal lensing; artificial eye; optical radiation; tissue phantom; ocular media; laser eye safety ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER AB A tissue phantom of water with an absorbing dye, Allura Red, was used to observe the effects of thermal lensing in a thick sample exposed to a CW 532 nm Verdi laser. A collimated beam was sent through a sample 2.9 cm thick. Results from the collimated beam revealed qualitative information about thermal lensing in a liquid media. The studies presented here argue the relevance of incorporating oscillating factors such as convectional flow into higher order thermal lensing models in a fluid such as water. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Vincelette, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP C4350 EP C4350 AR 64350C DI 10.1117/12.702002 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900009 ER PT S AU Oliver, JW Stolarski, DJ Noojin, GD Hodnett, HM Imholte, ML Rockwell, BA Kumru, SS AF Oliver, Jeffrey W. Stolarski, David J. Noojin, Gary D. Hodnett, Harvey M. Imholte, Michelle L. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Kumru, Semih S. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Visible lesion laser thresholds in cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) retina with a 1064-nm, 12-ns pulsed laser - art. no. 64350Q SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE eyes; minimum visible lesions; retina; cynomolgus monkey; laser bioeffects; pulsewidth; nanosecond; wavelength; infrared lasers ID CORNEAL THICKNESS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; RADIATION; EYE; ACCOMMODATION; MECHANISMS AB A series of experiments in a new animal model for retinal damage, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), have been conducted to determine the damage threshold for 12.5-nanosecond laser exposures at 1064 nm. These results provide a direct comparison to threshold values obtained in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), which is the model historically used in establishing retinal maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits. In this study, the irradiance level of a collimated Gaussian laser beam of 2.5 mm diameter at the cornea was randomly varied to produce a rectangular grid of exposures on the retina. Exposures sites were fundoscopically evaluated at post-irradiance intervals of I hour and 24 hours. Probit analysis was performed on dose-response data to obtain probability of response curves. The 50% probability of damage (ED50) values for I and 24 hours post-exposure are 28.5(22.7-38.4) mu J and 17.0(12.9-21.8) mu J, respectively. These values compare favorably to data obtained with the rhesus model, 28.7(22.3-39.3) mu J and 19.1(13.6-24.4) mu J, suggesting that the cynomolgus monkey may be a suitable replacement for rhesus monkey in photoacoustic minimum visible lesion threshold studies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Oliver, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP Q4350 EP Q4350 AR 64350Q DI 10.1117/12.700587 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900021 ER PT S AU McQuade, J Jindra, N Kumru, S Seaman, R Salazar, A Villavicencio, V Clark, CD Yaws, K Payne, J Thomas, R Roach, W AF McQuade, Jill Jindra, Nichole Kumru, Semih Seaman, Ron Salazar, Alex Villavicencio, Victor Clark, C. D., III Yaws, Kalyn Payne, Jason Thomas, Robert Roach, William BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Theoretical and experimental bioeffects research for highpower terahertz electromagnetic energy - art. no. 64350X SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE terahertz; damage thresholds; safety standards; bioeffects ID POWER AB Historically, safety analyses for radio frequency emission and optical laser exposures have been designed to define the threshold level for tissue damage. To date, no experimental studies have documented damage thresholds to living tissues in the terahertz (THz) range of electromagnetic frequencies (0.1 - 10 THz). Exposure limits exist as extrapolated estimates at the extreme bounds of current occupational safety standards for lasers and radio frequency sources. Therefore, due to the lack of published data on the safety of terahertz emissions, an understanding of the bioeffects of tissue exposures to terahertz beams is necessary. The terahertz frequency band represents an intermediate range in which both optical and radiofrequency methods of theory and experimentation can be selectively employed and compared for consistency. We report on work recently completed to reconcile the theoretical methods of optical and radio-frequency radiative transport modeling, while additionally discussing preliminary theoretical estimates of damage thresholds to skin tissue from terahertz energy and work planned to validate these findings experimentally. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP McQuade, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6435 BP X4350 EP X4350 AR 64350X DI 10.1117/12.725180 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGA91 UT WOS:000245836900028 ER PT S AU Johnson, MT Seetharaman, GS AF Johnson, Matthew T. Seetharaman, Guna S. BE Bellouard, Y Otani, Y Moon, KS TI Thermo-optic variable blazed grating for beam steering - art. no. 671505 SO Optomechatronic Actuators and Manipulation III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechatronic Actuators and Manipulation III CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CSEM, Inst Microtech, Olympus, Taylor & Francis Grp DE thermo-optic; phased arrays; switching; gratings; beam AB The ability to perform non-mechanical optical beam steering is of critical importance in laser communication and remote sensing; it is as vital as a phased-array antenna is for RADAR. This challenge has been addressed in the past primarily by liquid crystal (LC) devices. To date, a peak optical steering angle of +/- 4.53 degrees has been achieved, but it is limited by the fringing field effect. This limiting effect has been circumvented by depositing a thermo-optic material, polydimethlyoxane (PDMS), on a stair-step-approximated, blazed grating. The phase gradient can be controlled, while the material's index of refraction remains homogeneous throughout. The design, fabrication, simulation and performance of such a prototype, reflection-mode device is analyzed. Angular control between orders separated by 0.75 and 1.2 degrees is experimentally demonstrated. An analysis of the efficiency and response time (2.2 mu s) of the device is also presented. This approach promises circumvention of the fringing field effect, as well as much simpler and less-expensive fabrication. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, MT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6863-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6715 BP 71505 EP 71505 AR 671505 DI 10.1117/12.754188 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGV66 UT WOS:000250810400004 ER PT J AU Frampton, MJ Accorsi, G Armaroli, N Rogers, JE Fleitz, PA McEwan, KJ Anderson, HL AF Frampton, Michael J. Accorsi, Gianluca Armaroli, Nicola Rogers, Joy E. Fleitz, Paul A. McEwan, Kenneth J. Anderson, Harry L. TI Synthesis and near-infrared luminescence of a deuterated conjugated porphyrin dimer for probing the mechanism of non-radiative deactivation SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FUSED DIPORPHYRINS; DEUTERIATION; DERIVATIVES; ABSORPTION; ARRAYS; TAPES AB beta,meso,beta-Fused porphyrin oligomers have many attractive photophysical features such as strong absorption in the near-IR at wavelengths greater than 1000 nm, and high two-photon cross sections. However their ultrafast S-1-S-0 deactivation (k(d) > 10(11) s(-1)) limits potential applications. We have synthesised a deuterated fused porphyrin dimer to test whether deuteration influences the rate of non-radiative deactivation. An efficient synthetic strategy was developed, starting with deuteration of dipyrromethane. Deuteration of the zinc porphyrin dimer does not affect its fluorescence quantum yield in CD2Cl2 (Phi(fD)/Phi(fH) = 1.00 +/- 0.05). This implies that the ultrafast non-radiative deactivation is not simply a consequence of the small S-1-S-0 energy gap. Comparison with other conjugated porphyrin oligomers confirms that the deactivation rate in the edge-fused oligomers is faster than would be expected from the energy gap law. This result indicates that it should be possible to create near-IR dyes with similar S-1-S-0 energy gaps to the beta,meso,beta-fused porphyrin oligomers but with slower rates of S-1-S-0 decay. C1 CNR, Mol Photosci Grp, Ist Sintesi Organ & Fotoreattivita, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. RP Armaroli, N (reprint author), CNR, Mol Photosci Grp, Ist Sintesi Organ & Fotoreattivita, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM armaroli@isof.cnr.it; harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Accorsi, Gianluca/D-6914-2012; Armaroli, Nicola/B-9094-2009; Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011; OI Armaroli, Nicola/0000-0001-8599-0901; Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132; Accorsi, Gianluca/0000-0003-4903-2006 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2007 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1056 EP 1061 DI 10.1039/b700408g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 148TW UT WOS:000245098500010 PM 17377659 ER PT S AU Hagen, JA Grote, JG Singh, KM Naik, RR AF Hagen, Joshua A. Grote, James G. Singh, Kristi M. Naik, Rajesh R. BE Grote, JG Kajzar, F Kim, N TI Deoxyribonucleic acid biotronics - art. no. 64700B SO Organic Photonic Materials and Devices IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices IX CY JAN 21-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; organic field effect transistor; organic semiconductor; conductive polymer ID FILMS AB Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) currently utilize organic semiconductor materials with low electron mobilities and organic gate oxide materials with low dielectric constants. Compared to inorganic FETs, OFETs have slow operating speeds and high operating voltages. In this paper we discuss blending the conductive polymer polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), with minimal optimization to produce a new bio-conductive polymer complex potentially suitable for OFETs. The conductivity of this new bio-conductive polymer complex is tunable, ranging from 10(-10) S/cm to 10(-3) S/cm at room temperature. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hagen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLP, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6583-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6470 BP B4700 EP B4700 AR 64700B DI 10.1117/12.716092 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BGA92 UT WOS:000245837300005 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Mair, EA AF Maturo, Stephen C. Mair, Eric A. TI Endoscopic image-guided removal of metallic intravascular foreign body of the skull base SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTRACTABLE EPISTAXIS; EMBOLIZATION; MANAGEMENT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dt,Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM stephen.maturo@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 128 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.05.752 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 125KT UT WOS:000243441500027 PM 17210348 ER PT J AU Hivnor, CM Yan, AC Aronson, A Crawford, G Seykora, J Honig, PJ Ming, RE AF Hivnor, Chad M. Yan, Albert C. Aronson, Adam Crawford, Glen Seykora, John Honig, Paul J. Ming, Rey E. TI What syndrome is this? Disorganization syndrome. SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE MUTANT DISORGANIZATION; HUMAN HOMOLOG; MICE; DEFECTS; HUMANS C1 Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Sect Dermatopathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Dermatol Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Div Human Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. EM chivnor@pol.net NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 132KJ UT WOS:000243941400022 PM 17300661 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, Douglas S. Simpson, Brian D. TI Cocktail party listening in a dynamic multitalker environment SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; HEADPHONE SIMULATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; ATTENTION; LOCALIZATION; PERCEPTION; DISPLAYS; CUES AB A priori information about the location of the target talker plays a critical role in cocktail party listening tasks, but little is known about the influence of imperfect spatial information in situations in which the listener has some knowledge about the location of the target speech but does not know its exact location prior to hearing the stimulus. In this study, spatial uncertainty was varied by adjusting the probability that the target talker in a multitalker stimulus would change locations at the end of each trial. The results show that listeners can adapt their strategies according to the statistical properties of a dynamic acoustic environment but that this adaptation is a relatively slow process that may require dozens of trials to complete. C1 AFRL, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), AFRL, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.3758/BF03194455 PG 13 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 161NR UT WOS:000246022700008 PM 17515218 ER PT J AU Keppens, V Zhang, Z Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Keppens, V. Zhang, Z. Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. TI Localized Einstein modes in Ca-based bulk metallic glasses SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Disordered Systems Moveno-Andalo CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Trento, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, DYGLAGEMEM European Network, INFM-CNR, Res Ctr SOFT ID SOLIDS AB Low-temperature specific heat and elastic moduli measurements are reported for Ca-based bulk metallic glasses. The deviation from the Debye behaviour observed in the specific heat is modelled with a simple Einstein oscillator with characteristic temperature theta(E) = 80 K. The presence of this local mode can also account for the deviation from normal 'Varshni behaviour' observed in the temperature dependence of the elastic moduli. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Keppens, V (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vkeppens@utk.edu RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1080/14786430600857353 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 135JW UT WOS:000244150900018 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Choi, Y. S. Dimiduk, D. M. Uchic, M. D. Parthasarathy, T. A. TI Modelling plasticity of Ni3Al-based L1(2) intermetallic single crystals. I. Anomalous temperature dependence of the flow behaviour SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; YIELD-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ORDERED ALLOYS; L12 ALLOYS; DISLOCATION CONFIGURATIONS; BINARY NI3AL; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB A comprehensive mechanism-based crystallographic constitutive model has been developed for L1(2)-structured Ni3Al-based intermetallic single crystals. This model represents the unusual thermomechanical behaviours of Ni3Al, such as the anomalous temperature dependence of both the flow stress and strain-hardening rate (SHR), the strain dependence of these anomalous behaviours and an orientation-dependent tension - compression asymmetry. The model framework was based on two major contributions to plastic flow, namely the repeated cross-slip exhaustion and athermal defeat of screw-character dislocations, and the motion of macro-kinks (MKs). The contribution of irreversible obstacle storage was incorporated into the constitutive formulations as a resistance against the glide of MKs. The model was implemented in a finite element method numerical framework, and the simulation results showed qualitative agreement with experimental observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Yoon-Suk.Choi@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2007 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1939 EP 1965 DI 10.1080/14786430601169782 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 145UT UT WOS:000244891800009 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Choi, Y. S. Dimiduk, D. M. Uchic, M. D. Parthasarathy, T. A. TI Modelling plasticity of Ni3Al-based L12 intermetallic single crystals. II. Two-step (T1 and T2) deformation behaviour SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS YIELD STRESS; FLOW-STRESS; DISLOCATION CONFIGURATIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; NI3AL; SLIP; NI-3(ALHF)B AB The two-step (T-1 and T-2) deformation behaviour of Ni3Al-based single crystals was modelled under the framework of a new constitutive model proposed by Y.S. Choi, D. M. Dimiduk, M. D. Uchic, et al. [Phil. Mag. 87 1939 ( 2007)]. A new set of formulations and criteria, which identify thermally reversible and irreversible components of the constitutive variables and define the relative significance of those components, was developed and implemented within the new constitutive framework. The simulation results well captured the general qualitative trends of the flow behaviour upon re-straining at T-2 after pre-straining at T-1 for both T-1 > T-2 and T-1 < T-2. Modelling results suggested that the dislocation substructures generated at T-1 need to be treated as partially or fully transferable to plastic flow at T-2, at least through the early stage of re-straining, to capture all major pre-strain effects. In particular, the large strengthening effect at T-2 for even a few percent of pre-strain at T-1 was obtainable only by controlling the availability of mobile dislocations and sources at T-2. C1 Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, 2230 Tenth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yoon-suk.choi@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2007 VL 87 IS 30 BP 4759 EP 4775 DI 10.1080/14786430701589368 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 216PM UT WOS:000249890800005 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Tang, M Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Tang, M. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Estimating the strength of single-ended dislocation sources in micron-sized single crystals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; PLASTICITY; SCALE; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB Three-dimensional (3D) discrete dislocation dynamics simulations were used to calculate the effects of anisotropy of dislocation line tension ( increasing Poisson's ratio, nu) on the strength of single-ended dislocation sources in micron-sized volumes with free surfaces and to compare them with the strength of double-ended sources of equal length. Their plastic response was directly modelled within a 1 mu m(3) volume composed of a single crystal fcc metal. In general, double-ended sources are stronger than single-ended sources of an equal length and exhibit no significant effects from truncating the long-range elastic fields at this scale. The double-ended source strength increases with nu, exhibiting an increase of about 50% at nu = 0.38 ( value for Ni) as compared to the value at nu=0. Independent of dislocation line direction, for nu greater than 0.20, the strengths of single-ended sources depend upon the sense of the stress applied. The value for alpha in the expression for strength, tau = alpha(L)mu b/L is shown to vary from 0.4 to 0.84 depending on the character of the dislocation and the direction of operation of the source at nu = 0.38 and L = 933b. By varying the lengths of the sources from 933 to 233b, it was shown that the scaling of the strength of single-ended and double-ended sources with their length both follow a ln(L/b)/(L/b) dependence. Surface image stresses are shown to have little effect on the critical stress of single-ended sources at a length of similar to 250b or greater. This suggests that for 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations of the plastic deformation of micron-sized crystals in the size range 0.5-20 mu m, image stresses making the surface traction-free can be neglected. The relationship between these findings and a recent statistical model for the hardening of small volumes is discussed. C1 Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Satish.Rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2007 VL 87 IS 30 BP 4777 EP 4794 DI 10.1080/14786430701591513 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 216PM UT WOS:000249890800006 ER PT S AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, Frank BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Multi-layered photonic crystals de novo: new formalism, results, insights, and analytic possibilities - art. no. 64801E SO Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices VI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID BAND-STRUCTURE; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; GEOMETRIC SOLUTIONS; LOCALIZATION AB A new formalism for calculating the photonic band structure of multi-layer photonic band gap (PBG) materials is presented. The formalism expresses all boundary conditions in terms of tangents rather than exponential functions. The formalism is compact, algorithmically simple, and physically appealing, and provides a new conceptual framework for describing the photonic band structure of layered materials. Its simplicity makes it possible to represent eigenfrequency conditions using geometric constructs, find a factored form of the secular equation, and derive analytic eigenfrequency conditions and analytic wave functions for multi-layer structures. Computationally, the new formalism makes it possible to find explicitly the complete band structure of multi-layer PBG materials with integer ratios of optical path lengths (i.e., any combination of quarter-wave, half-wave, etc., stacks) through a single diagonalization of a low order secular equation, the alternative being an implicit root search via the transfer matrix formalism. The formalism is demonstrated on multi-layered structures arranged in the Fibonacci sequence and a half-wave-quarter-wave-eighth-wave PBG. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6593-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6480 BP E4801 EP E4801 AR 64801E DI 10.1117/12.697199 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BGE96 UT WOS:000246368900028 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Ullrich, B Munshi, SR Wickett, JC Stokes, DW AF Haugan, H. J. Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. Ullrich, B. Munshi, S. R. Wickett, J. C. Stokes, D. W. BE Walther, M TI Short-period InAs/GaSb superlattices for mid-infrared photodetectors SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 4, NO 5 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY AUG 13-17, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID INFRARED DETECTORS; II SUPERLATTICES; EMISSION; GROWTH AB Using a newly developed envelope function approximation model that includes interface effects, several InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (SLs) were designed for uncooled mid-infrared detector applications. The 4 micron cutoff could be achieved with several SL designs. Superlattices with shorter periods have larger intervalence band separations than larger-ones, which could increase the optical signal and reduce the detector noise, thus making room temperature operation possible. To test these possibilities, several short-period SLs were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and their optical properties with reducing SL period were studied by band-edge absorption, photoconductivity and photoluminescence measurements. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.; Munshi, S. R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wickett, J. C.; Stokes, D. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR/NE) FX Authors thank Mr. S. Fenstermaker for technical assistance with MBE, Ms. S. Houston and Derek Bas for assistance with photoconductivity and PL measurements, respectively. Project funding by Dr. D. Silversmith of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR/NE) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1702 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200674250 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGF88 UT WOS:000246508900027 ER PT S AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL AF Ryu, Mee-Yi Yeo, Y. K. Hengehold, Robert L. TI Implantation damage recovery and carrier activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N by temperature dependent Hall-effect measurements SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 4 NO 7 2007 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2006 (IWN 2006) CY OCT 22-27, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Kansai Chapter & Solid State Phys & Applicat Div, Japan Soc Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconduct Photon & Elect Devices, Kyoto Nanotechnol Cluster, Ritsumeikan Univ, Frontier Semiconduct Nano Elect Ctr, Res Org Sci & Engn, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Lasers & Quantum Elect & Elect Devices, IEEE Kansai Chapter, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Japan Inoue Fdn Sci, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol, Japan World Exposit 70, JEC Fund Commemorat Org, Murata Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Fdn, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, Telecommun Advancement Fdn, Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd, NICHIA CORPORAT, NTT Photon Lab, ROHM CO Ltd, TOYODA GOSEK CO Ltd, AIXTRON AG, LayTec GmbH, MARUBUN CORPORAT, Rohm Haas Elect Mat K K, TAIYO NIPPON SANSO Corp ID P-GAN AB N-type activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N have been made as a function of anneal temperature and ion dose to obtain maximum possible activation efficiency. Nearly 100 and 95% electrical activation efficiencies were obtained for Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N with doses of 5 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) and annealing at 1250 and 1200 degrees C for 25 min, respectively. The room temperature sheet resistivity decreases from 528 to 196 Omega/square with increasing anneal temperature from 1150 to 1250 degrees C for a dose of 5 x 10(14) cm(-2). Both sheet carrier concentration (activation efficiency) and mobility increase with anneal temperature, indicating an improved implantation damage recovery with anneal temperature. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Vertag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, Robert L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington D.C; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development FX This work was partially funded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington D.C. and partially supported by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2007 VL 4 IS 7 BP 2613 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200674760 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BGK76 UT WOS:000248047600099 ER PT S AU Brown, K Fanto, M Murrell, D Kovanis, V Xin, YC Lester, LF AF Brown, K. Fanto, M. Murrell, D. Kovanis, V. Xin, Y. C. Lester, L. F. BE Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Automated analysis of stable operation in two-section quantum dot passively mode locked lasers - art. no. 64681M SO Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; passive mode locking; semiconductor lasers AB In this paper, two-section mode-locked lasers consisting of monolithic quantum dot gain and absorber sections are studied as a function of absorber voltage, injected current to the gain region, and relative section lengths. We map the regions of stable mode-locking as measured by the electrical and optical spectra. A simple algorithm is presented that evaluates the quality of mode locking and allows automated characterization of devices. The relative advantages of increasing the absorber length compared to increasing the absorber reverse bias voltage are analyzed. Initial data indicate that doubling the absorber length from 1.4 to 2.8-mm in a 5 GHz repetition rate device increases the region of stable mode-locking by at least 25%, while increasing the absorber reverse bias can more than double the mode-locking regime. Nonetheless, in these devices, stable mode-locking over greater than a 100 mA bias range is realized with a grounded absorber making single bias control of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser feasible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Brown, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site,25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6581-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6468 BP M4681 EP M4681 AR 64681M DI 10.1117/12.710845 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC72 UT WOS:000246056200047 ER PT B AU Lu, YL Iyad, D Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Iyad, Dajani Knize, R. J. BE Kong, JA TI Strongly coupled electro-optic superlattices and the potential as metamaterials SO PIERS 2007 BEIJING: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID THIN-FILMS; MGO AB Superlattices consisting of alternatively stacked rhombohedral and tetragonal phases of lead titanate doped lead magnesium niobate were demonstrated. Largely enhanced out-of-plane electro-optic (EO) coefficient was recorded, which evidences strong spontaneous polarization wave coupling with phonons (structural resonances). This coupling opens up a window to develop new metamaterials having unique permittivity and permeability properties, when using suitable combinations from both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Iyad, Dajani; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU US AFOSR regular BAA; AFRL MIPR; AFOSR Small Grant programs FX This research is supported by the US AFOSR regular BAA, AFRL MIPR, and AFOSR Small Grant programs. Special thank will be given to Dr. Gail Brown of Wright Patterson AFRL for very useful discussion and support. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 871 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600188 ER PT B AU Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA Lloyd, P Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL AF Jakubiak, Rachel Bunning, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. Lloyd, Pamela Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Sutherland, Richard L. BE Kong, JA TI Electrically tunable 2-d organic photonic crystal lasers SO PIERS 2007 BEIJING: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, BIT Ctr Electromagnet Simulat, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID LIGHT AB Holographic polymerization of liquid crystal containing photopolymerizable resins enables one-step, rapid formation of multi-phase structures that exhibit partial photonic band gaps. These holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) provide a versatile platform for diffractive optical elements because the structures are not limited by multi-phase equilibrium but are controlled by the interference of multiple lasers at discrete angles. Incorporation of laser dyes into H-PDLCs form 1-D and 2-D optically pumped distributed feedback lasers. Linewidths as narrow as 1.8 nm are observed with laser thresholds below 1 mJ/cm(2) in 2-D columnar structures compared to 9 nm and 25 mJ/cm(2) exhibited by 1-D H-PDLC Bragg stack lasers. In the 2-D lattices the energy of the laser action can be tuned within the gain spectrum of the lasing medium by an applied electric field. C1 [Jakubiak, Rachel; Bunning, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lloyd, Pamela] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Sutherland, Richard L.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-00-4 PY 2007 BP 1328 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH12 UT WOS:000246922600291 ER PT S AU Duggin, MJ Glass, WR Cabot, ER Bowers, D Wellems, D Alsing, P AF Duggin, Michael J. Glass, William R. Cabot, Elizabeth R. Bowers, David Wellems, David Alsing, Paul BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Information enhancement, metrics and data fusion in spectral and polarimetric images of natural scenes - art. no. 66820A SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID QUALITY EQUATION; DISCRIMINATION AB In order to understand the phenomenology of optimum data acquisition and analysis and to develop an understanding of capabilities, field measurements of multiband, polarimetric data can substantially assist in developing a methodology to collect and to exploit feature signatures. In 1999, Duggin(1,2) showed that images obtained with an 8-bit camera used as a polarimeter could yield additional information to that contained in a radiometric (S-0) image. It should be noted that Walraven(3) and Curran(4) had performed some very fine experiments almost two decades earlier, using photographic film, and North(5,6) performed careful polarimetric measurements of the skydome using a four-lens polarimetric film camera and convex mirror in 1997. There have been a number of papers dealing with polarimetric field measurements since that time. Recently, commercial color cameras have become available that have 12-bit depth per channel. Here, we perform radiometric and chromatic calibrations and examine the possible use of a Nikon D200 10.2 mega pixel, 3 channel, 12-bit per channel camera fitted with a zoom lens as a potential field imaging polarimeter. We show that there are still difficulties in using off-the-shelf technology for field applications, but list some reasons why we need to address these challenges, in order to understand the phenomenology of data collection and analysis metrics for multiple data streams. C1 [Duggin, Michael J.; Glass, William R.; Cabot, Elizabeth R.; Alsing, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duggin, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6830-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6682 BP A6820 EP A6820 DI 10.1117/12.737430 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHD77 UT WOS:000252361200008 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Ghebremichael, F Gurley, K AF Andersen, Geoff Ghebremichael, Fassil Gurley, Ken BE Lessard, RA Bjelkhagen, HI TI Holographic wavefront sensor - Fast sensing, no computing - art. no. 64880I SO Practical Holography XXI: Materials and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Practical Holography XXI CY JAN 21-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE wavefront sensor; holography; optical processing ID ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS AB We present results of a fast holographic wavefront sensor. The modal device consists of a multiplexed hologram designed to diffract a single input beam into multiple output beams depending on the amplitude of particular Zernike terms. The aberration and amplitude are determined by the spatial location and intensity of the reconstructed focused spots. The sensing does not require any calculations, so the device is simple, compact and fast. In fact, using several position sensing detectors (PSD), a full description of the wave aberration can be obtained at rates in excess of 100 kHz. The holographic wavefront sensor can be reconfigured for any type of basis set, and is easily adaptable to laser mode profiling. In this talk we will present results of the both the theory and operation of our holographic wavefront sensor. C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6601-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6488 BP I4880 EP I4880 AR 64880I DI 10.1117/12.701231 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGF01 UT WOS:000246380600014 ER PT B AU Wheeler, MO AF Wheeler, Michael O. BE Reed, C Ryall, D TI A US political perspective SO PRICE OF PEACE: JUST WAR IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wheeler, Michael O.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wheeler, Michael O.] USAF Acad, Eth Course, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-67785-1 PY 2007 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511618741.016 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511618741 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BXN06 UT WOS:000296460200016 ER PT B AU Gopalan, K Wenndt, S AF Gopalan, K. Wenndt, S. BE Sanei, S Chambers, JA McWhirter, J Hicks, Y Constantinides, AG TI Speech analysis using modulation-based features for detecting deception SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing CY JUL 01-04, 2007 CL Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, WALES SP IEEE UK & Republic Ireland Sect HO Cardiff Univ DE deceptive speech; modulation model; Teager energy AB This paper reports on the initial results of analysis of speech features for detecting deception from speech utterances. The features are derived from the amplitude and frequency-modulation (,AM and FM) behavior of speech centered at different nominal formant frequencies. Analysis of truthful and deceptive speech, both established a posteriori, by a male speaker under jeopardy shows that Teager energy-related features, amplitude envelope-based parameters, and formant variations and bandwidths at selected frequencies have a potential to show subtle variations indicative of deception. For comparison, trajectory of the fundamental frequency of voicing was found to show relatively minor variations between truthful and deceptive speech. C1 [Gopalan, K.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA 46321 USA. [Wenndt, S.] AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Gopalan, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA 46321 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0881-8 PY 2007 BP 619 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDSP.2007.4288658 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGQ10 UT WOS:000249666900156 ER PT S AU Campbell, M Bourgault, F Galster, S Schneider, D AF Campbell, Mark Bourgault, Frederic Galster, Scott Schneider, David GP IEEE TI Towards probabilistic operator-multiple robot decision models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Coupled operator-multiple vehicle systems are modelled in a unified framework using probabilistic graphs to yield a methodology for analyzing semi-autonomous systems. The framework uses conditional probabilistic dependencies between all elements, leading to a Bayesian network (BN) with probabilistic evaluation capability. Vehicle attitude/navigation states and target/classification states can be evaluated using nonlinear estimators such as the EKF, Multiple Model filter, information filter, or other approaches. Discrete operator decisions are being modeled as Bayesian network blocks, with conditional dependencies on the vehicle and tracking estimators. Initial decision models use combinations of softmax and discrete probability distributions. C1 [Campbell, Mark; Bourgault, Frederic; Galster, Scott; Schneider, David] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Galster, Scott] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Human Effectiveness Directoriate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Campbell, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mc288@cornell.edu; fb42@cornell.edu; scott.galster@wpafb.af.mil; drs44@cornell.edu RI Campbell, Mark/F-8312-2013 OI Campbell, Mark/0000-0003-0775-4297 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USAF [FA9550-05-1-0118] FX This work is partly supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USAF, under contract number FA9550-05-1-0118. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of AFOSR or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 4373 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.364153 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915304061 ER PT J AU Eilders, MJ Cloutier, J AF Eilders, Martin J. Cloutier, James GP ION TI An Evaluation of the Performance of Various C-SLAM EKF Observation Configurations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA AB The performance of several different observation structures of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) designed for the purpose of cooperative simultaneous localization and mapping (C-SLAM) is analyzed. The observation structures consist of processing feature observations sequentially, processing multiple feature observations simultaneously, and processing both multiple feature and vehicle observations simultaneously. To evaluate filter performance, surveys of simulated features in an area are conducted using a single vehicle, three vehicles, and six vehicles. For each vehicular case, the survey is conducted multiple times using a different EKF observation configuration. Monte Carlo runs are used to evaluate the performance of the EKF in terms of the RMS error of the feature locations, the trace of the feature covariance matrix, and the vector-induced two-norm of the feature covariance matrix. The benefits of increasing the number of survey vehicles is assessed as well as the benefits of employing dual radar beams instead of one radar beam. C1 [Eilders, Martin J.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eilders, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2007 BP 841 EP 850 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS61 UT WOS:000279780100087 ER PT B AU Fyfe, GC AF Fyfe, Glenn C. GP ION TI Modernized User Equipment (MUE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA AB The GPS system is undergoing a modernization effort to improve positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) accuracy. The GPS JPO will upgrade the Space Segment, Control Segment, and User Segment in order to achieve these improvements to PNT. The MUE program is the upgrade program for the User Segment which is designed to translate satellite signals and navigation data into user position, velocity, and/or timing information. MUE is designed to give the customer improved PNT, anti-jam capability and information assurance. With MUE, users will be able to process the legacy Y-code, the new M-Code signal and C/A signals (YMCA) to generate PVT. M-Code will enable GPS Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) operations and will greatly increase warfighter effectiveness. Modernized receivers will also implement new security requirements and a new cryptographic keying scheme. The MUE program is a development intended to prove the existence and viability of M-Code receiver technology on two existing form-factors, allowing platform program offices to leverage the new MUE industrial base to modernize their specific form-factors, in accordance with their specific modernization plans. The government objectives for the MUE program are: Develop, fabricate and demonstrate two YMCA receiver cards with both MUE and legacy UE capabilities, based upon two legacy GRAM implementations, identified as the: Aviation-based GRAM-S/M receiver card Ground-based GB-GRAM-M SSI receiver card Implement the modernized GPS user equipment security architecture, known as Protection of Navigation (PRONAV) Verify the two developed YMCA receiver cards meet the MUE performance, security, environmental, and safety requirements as outlined in program requirements documentation Develop both receiver card designs to ensure low recurring costs for future procurements and developments Demonstrate GRAM-S/M functionality in a Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Develop, validate, and maintain government-controlled specifications, Interface Control Documents (ICDs) and Interface Specifications (ISs) for MUE receiver cards. Develop and implement architectures that reduce the recurring cost required to produce future YMCA receiver cards Establish processes and infrastructure for evaluation, compliance verification and security certification of YMCA receivers Specify and acquire all form, fit and function data required to fully support this and future YMCA receiver development and production programs C1 USAF, Los Angeles AFB, CA USA. RP Fyfe, GC (reprint author), USAF, GPS Wing, Los Angeles AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2007 BP 1041 EP 1043 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS61 UT WOS:000279780100108 ER PT J AU Miller, M Blasch, E Nguyen, T Yang, C AF Miller, Mikel Blasch, Erik Nguyen, Thao Yang, Chun GP ION TI Constrained Estimation For GPS/Digital Map Integration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA AB Linear and nonlinear constrained estimation is investigated in this paper as an optimal method to integrate GPS fixes with digital maps so as to improve accuracy and reliability. In addition to emergency location and roadside assistance, the integration of GPS with digital maps becomes an increasingly popular application in automotives particularly for real-time routing, driving guidance, and street prompting. A position fix is obtained by a GPS receiver, which may be subject to significant errors in urban canyons due to such effects as multipath and weak signal, whereas a digital map provides the road network of a region in which a user is traveling. When the information about roads is as accurate as (or even better than) GPS measurements, it is desired naturally to incorporate such information into position solution. In this paper, roads are modeled with analytic functions and its integration (fusion) with a GPS position fix is cast as linear and/or nonlinear state constraints in an optimization procedure. Similarly, the velocity estimates and the road directions are treated as another pair of constraints. The constrained optimization is then solved with the Lagrangian multiplier, leading to a closed-form solution for linear constraints and an iterative solution for nonlinear constraints. Geometric interpretations of the solutions are provided for simple cases. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the algorithms. C1 [Miller, Mikel; Nguyen, Thao] USAF, Res Lab, SNRN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2007 BP 1119 EP 1127 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS61 UT WOS:000279780100117 ER PT B AU Graul, M Benjamin, P Keen, A Boydstun, F AF Graul, Michael Benjamin, Perakath Keen, Arthur Boydstun, Frank GP IEEE TI Simulation-based, ontology driven resource plan development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB This paper describes the use of a planning ontology of the domain of Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul [MRO] at a USAF depot to produce a discrete event simulation model of the aircraft ramp. The ramp is a very flexible, critical, shared resource for aircraft production. The "found work" variability inherent in the MRO process forces the ramp allocations and routing to be modified frequently. Unplanned aircraft moves are expensive and propagate queuing congestion and more moves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Rapid Ramp Reconfiguration Plan (RRRP). Ontology models allow the language of the planner to be harmonized with the language of the simulation analyst to speed model development. Simulation based planning is useful to mitigate the impact of "discovered work" by enabling the evaluation of and best selection from thousands of potential ramp resource allocation scenarios. C1 [Graul, Michael; Benjamin, Perakath; Keen, Arthur] Knowledge Based Syst Inc, 1408 Univ Dr E, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Boydstun, Frank] Oklahoma City Air Logist Ctr, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. RP Graul, M (reprint author), Knowledge Based Syst Inc, 1408 Univ Dr E, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1051 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800122 ER PT B AU Champagne, LE Hill, RR AF Champagne, Lance E. Hill, Raymond R. GP IEEE TI Agent-model validation based on historical data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Combat, unlike many real-world processes, tends to be singular in nature. That is, there are not multiple occurrences from which to hypothesize a probability distribution model of the real-world system. Mission-level models may offer more flexibility on some measures due to their extended time frame. Additionally, the parameters involved in the mission-level model may be unchanged for significant stretches of the total simulation time. In these cases, time periods may be devised so that the periods hold sufficiently similar traits such that the incremental results may be assumed to come from a common distribution. This paper details a new statistical methodology for use in validating an agent-based mission-level model. The test is developed within the context of the Bay of Biscay agent-based simulation and uses the monthly data from the extended campaign as a basis of comparison to the simulation output. C1 [Champagne, Lance E.] Joint Data Link Informat Combat Execut, 5930 Devlin Dr,Bldg 585, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Hill, Raymond R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed & Human Factors Engn, 207 Russ Engn Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Champagne, LE (reprint author), Joint Data Link Informat Combat Execut, 5930 Devlin Dr,Bldg 585, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM lance.champagne@nellis.af.mil; ray.hill@wright.edu FU Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO); Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate (AFRL/HES) FX This research was funded by the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate (AFRL/HES). A special thanks goes to Col Eileen Bjorkman for her initial vision and support of this project. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1202 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800141 ER PT B AU Nowak, DJ Price, I Lamont, GB AF Nowak, Dustin J. Price, Ian Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI Self organized UAV swarm planning optimization for search and destroy using Swarmfare simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB As military interest continues to grow for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) capabilities, the Air Force is exploring UAV autonomous control, mission planning and optimization techniques. The SWARMFARE simulation system allows for Evolutionary Algorithm computations of swarm based UAV Self Organization (SO). Through Swarmfare, the capability exists to evaluate guiding behaviors that allow autonomous control via independent agent interaction with its environment. Current results show that through an implementation of ten basic rules the swarm forms and moves about a space with reasonable success. The next step is to focus on optimization of the formation, traversal of the search space and attack. In this paper we cover the capabilities, initial research results, and way ahead for this simulation. Overall the SWARMFARE tool has established a sandbox in which it is possible to optimize these and build new behaviors. C1 [Nowak, Dustin J.; Price, Ian; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Dustin.Nowak@afit.edu; ian.price@arnold.af.mil; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1294 EP 1302 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800153 ER PT B AU Cole, GP Johnson, AW Miller, JO AF Cole, George P., III Johnson, Alan W. Miller, J. O. GP IEEE TI Feasibility study of variance reduction in the logistics composite model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB The Logistics Composite Model (LCOM) is a stochastic, discrete-event simulation that relies on probabilities and random number generators to model scenarios in a maintenance unit and estimate optimal manpower levels through an iterative process. Models such as LCOM involving pseudo-random numbers inevitably have a variance associated with the output of the model for each run. Reducing this output variance can be costly in the additional time needed for multiple replications. This research explores the application of three different methods for reducing the variance of the model's output. The methods include Common Random Numbers, Control Variates, and Antithetic Variates. The result is a successful variance reduction in the primary output statistics of interest using the application of the Control Variates technique, as well as a methodology for the implementation of Control Variates in LCOM. C1 [Cole, George P., III; Johnson, Alan W.; Miller, J. O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cole, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1389 EP 1395 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800165 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Ceccarelli, N Chandler, PR AF Pachter, Meir Ceccarelli, Nicola Chandler, Philip R. GP IEEE TI Vision-based target geo-location using camera equipped MAVs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam AB A method for determining the location of a fixed ground target when imaged from the air using camera equipped Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) is developed. The ground objects' elevation is assumed known. Rather than a "one shot" affair, multiple bearing measurements of the ground object taken as the aircrafts fly around the target are used. This makes it possible for the deleterious effects of both the random measurement errors and the systematic measurement errors, a.k.a., attitude sensor biases, to be mitigated. As a result, the target is accurately geo-located and the attitude sensors are calibrated. If only one target bearing measurement can be taken, the attitude sensors will be calibrated in proximity of and prior to the arrival at the target area using an Initial Point (IP). The technique has been successfully tested on actual flight data and has been extended to multiple MAVs operations and cooperative geo-location. C1 [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ceccarelli, Nicola] AFRI VACA, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandler, Philip R.] AFRI VACA, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Meir.Pachter@afit.edu; Nicola.Ceccarelli@gmail.com; Phillip.Chandler@wpajb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181700035 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Cooperative solutions in multi-person quadratic decision problems: Performance-measure statistics and cost-cumulant control paradigm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technologies, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam AB In cost-cumulant control for the class of multi-person single-objective decision problems characterized by quadratic random costs and state-feedback information structures, individual decision makers share state information with their neighbors and then autonomously determine decision strategies to achieve the desired goal of the group which is a minimization of a finite linear combination of the first k cumulants of a finite-horizon integral-quadratic performance-measure associated with a linear stochastic system. Since this problem formulation is parameterized by the number of cost cumulants, the scalar coefficients in the linear combination and the group of decision makers, it may be viewed both as a generalization of linear-quadratic Gaussian control, when the first cumulant is minimized by a single decision maker and of the problem class of linear-quadratic identical-goal stochastic games when the first cumulant is minimized by multiple decision makers. Using a more direct dynamic programming approach to the resultant initial-cost problem, it is shown that the decision laws associated with multiple persons are linear and are found as the unique solutions of the set of coupled differential matrix Riccati equations, whose solvability guarantees the existence of the closed-loop feedback decision laws for the corresponding multi-person single-objective decision problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSSV, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181700074 ER PT S AU Sujit, PB Kingston, D Beard, R AF Sujit, P. B. Kingston, Derek Beard, Randy GP IEEE TI Cooperative forest fire monitoring using multiple UAVs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam AB This paper addresses the problem of using a team of UAVs to cooperatively monitor multiple forest fires (called hotspots) in a region. We deploy two types of agents: service agents that locally monitor the state of the hotspots and detector agents that search for hotspots and assign service agents to those that are detected. We develop an assignment scheme based on auctions to perform the assignment of a hotspot to a group of service agents. While monitoring a hotspot, service agents are required to be equally spaced around the perimeter. In order to achieve equal spacing around the hotspot perimeter, we develop a splay state controller that ensures the convergence of the service agents to the equally spaced configuration. We also address the problems associated with tracking hotspots that expand in size and possibly combine together. Simulation results are presented to validate the assignment and control algorithms. C1 [Sujit, P. B.; Beard, Randy] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. [Kingston, Derek] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sujit, PB (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. EM sujit@byu.edu; derek.kingston@wpafb.af.mil; beard@byu.edu FU National Science Foundation under Information Technology Research [CCR-0313056]; NASA under STTR [NNA04AA19C]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-04-0209] FX This work is partially funded by the National Science Foundation under Information Technology Research Grant CCR-0313056 and by NASA under STTR contract number NNA04AA19C to Scientific Systems Inc, and Brigham Young University and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award No. FA9550-04-0209. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 2070 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181701039 ER PT S AU Djouadi, SM Camphouse, RC Myatt, JH AF Djouadi, Seddik M. Camphouse, R. Chris Myatt, James H. GP IEEE TI Optimal order reduction for the the two-dimensional burgers' equation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam ID MODEL-REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB Two popular model reduction methods, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and balanced truncation, are applied together with Galerkin projection to the two-dimensional Burgers' equation. This scalar equation is chosen because it has a nonlinearity that is similar to the Navier-Stokes equation, but it can be accurately simulated using far fewer states. However, the number of states required is still too high for controller design purposes. The combination of POD and balanced truncation approaches results in a reduced order model that captures the dynamics of the input-output system. In addition, These two techniques are shown to be optimal in the sense of distance minimizations in spaces of Hilbert-Schmidt integral operators. POD is interpreted as a shortest distance minimization from an L-2 space-time function to a particular tensor product subspace. Both POD and balanced truncation are shown to be optimal approximations by finite rank operators in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm, the latter when starting with a balanced state space realization. C1 [Djouadi, Seddik M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Camphouse, R. Chris; Myatt, James H.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Djouadi, SM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. EM djouadi@ece.utk.edu; russell.camphouse@wpafb.af.mil; james.myatt@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 5859 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181703132 ER PT B AU Kelly, BJ Anderson, PE Reo, NV DelRaso, NJ Doom, TE Raymer, ML AF Kelly, Benjamin J. Anderson, Paul E. Reo, Nicholas V. DelRaso, Nicholas J. Doom, Travis E. Raymer, Michael L. BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI A proposed statistical protocol for the analysis of metabolic toxicological data derived from NMR spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; CDNA MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CLASSIFICATION; LESIONS; URINE AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive method of acquiring a metabolic profile from biofluids. This metabolic information may provide keys to the early detection of exposure to a toxin. A typical NMR toxicology data set has low sample size and high dimensionality. Thus, traditional pattern recognition techniques are not always feasible. In this paper we evaluate several common alternatives for isolating these biomarkers. The fold test, unpaired t-test, and paired t-test were performed on an NMR-derived toxicological data set and results were compared. The paired t-test method was preferred, due to its ability to attribute statistical significance, to take into consideration consistency of a single subject over a time course, and to mitigate the low sample, high dimensionality problem. We then grouped the resulting statistically salient potential biomarkers based on their significance patterns and compared results to several known metabolites affected by the tested toxin. Based on these results, we present a statistical protocol of sequential t-tests and clustering techniques for identifying putative biomarkers. We then present the results of this protocol applied to a specific real world toxicological data set. C1 [Kelly, Benjamin J.; Anderson, Paul E.; Doom, Travis E.; Raymer, Michael L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Reo, Nicholas V.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Kettering, OH 45429 USA. [DelRaso, Nicholas J.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raymer, ML (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM michael.raymer@wright.edu RI Raymer, Michael/G-3398-2013 OI Raymer, Michael/0000-0003-2649-0792 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Mantech Environmental Technology, Inc. [ManTech/WBI-002]; Alion Science and Technology [SUB 1174146RB]; Henry M Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [132633] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Mantech Environmental Technology, Inc. (Contract No. ManTech/WBI-002), Alion Science and Technology (Contract No. SUB 1174146RB), and The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (Contract No. 132633). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 1414 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200230 ER PT B AU Davis, M Hale, A AF Davis, Milt Hale, Alan GP ASME TI A parametric study on the effects of inlet swirl on comression sytem performance and operability using numerical simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The integration of the airframe and propulsion system is a key design issue in the development and deployment of military aircraft. Many disciplines comprise this issue, one being the aerodynamic interaction between the inlet system and the engine. The external airframe and inlet system must capture flow from the free stream and deliver it to the installed engine in a manner that maintains engine stability. Using the existing SAE S-16 developed methodologies, inlet distortion has traditionally been characterized by consideration of total-pressure distortion, total-temperature distortion, or planar waves, either singularly or in combination. However, many gas turbine installations can generate significant flow angularity as well as total pressure distortion at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). The flow angularities may have both radial- and circumferential-velocity components. Swirl is generally considered as being that portion of the flow vector which is directed circumferentially, since it is this velocity component which directly affects the work of a downstream fan or compressor. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that simple but effective numerical simulations can provide qualitative insights into the effect of swirl on compression system performance and operability. The analysis presented in this paper uses both a single rotor and an advanced 2-stage fan exhibiting many modern military turbofan design features. C1 [Davis, Milt; Hale, Alan] USAF, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), USAF, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400001 ER PT B AU Casey, W Malloy, D Arnold, S Shaff, G Kidman, D AF Casey, Wade Malloy, Donald Arnold, Steve Shaff, Gregory Kidman, David GP ASME TI A method to compare turbine engine airstart times SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Turbine engine airstarts are conducted throughout the aircraft airspeed/altitude envelope in ground-based simulation test facilities and in flight tests to ensure safe and reliable engine operation. Differences in airstart times are attributable to variations in engine turnaround speed (the engine core speed at which the airstart is initiated in spooldown airstarts); combustor lightoff time; installation effects such as customer bleed and power extraction; starter motor torque; fuel flow scheduling; and engine-to-engine variation and degradation. An analytical approach is presented to account for these differences and adjust engine airstart time for a low-bypass, twin-spool, military, turbofan engine. Two examples are presented illustrating the difference in airstart times and the analytical approach used to adjust the start times. C1 [Casey, Wade; Malloy, Donald; Arnold, Steve] USAF, Integrated Test & Evaluat Branch, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Casey, W (reprint author), USAF, Integrated Test & Evaluat Branch, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400002 ER PT B AU Beale, D Wieland, S Reed, J Wilhite, L AF Beale, Dave Wieland, Scoff Reed, Jim Wilhite, Larry GP ASME TI Demonstration of a transient total pressure distortion generator for simulating aircraft inlet distortion in turbine engine ground tests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The development of high-performance aircraft demands the successful integration of the airframe, engine, and control systems. Advancements in aircraft technologies bring with them the need to improve the computational and experimental tools applied to the airframe-engine compatibility evaluations. This paper focuses on the need to improve one of these tools, the direct-connect turbine engine test method. In the absence of the airframe, the direct-connect test must use devices that simulate the effects of the external airframe and the inlet system on the engine inflow. To meet the challenges presented by advanced aircraft, the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) embarked on the development of a distortion generator to simulate, in real time, the total-pressure distortion the engine experiences in the flight environment. The AEDC distortion generator development progressed through a five-step process that started with the definition of the distortion characteristics that must be simulated and culminated with the testing of a fully functional transient total pressure distortion generator prototype. Prototype validation tests conducted in an AEDC turbine engine test facility entailed the measurement of steady-state and transient total pressure patterns as well as the high-frequency pressure fluctuations produced. The tests demonstrated the ability to remotely set distortion patterns and the ability to sweep through sequences of patterns at rates commensurate with aircraft maneuvers. The paper focuses on the testing of the prototype. First, the paper provides background information on the motivation for the work and summaries of results from the earlier development steps. Next, the paper provides descriptions of the prototype configuration and the validation tests. It then provides initial test results with examples of remotely set distortion patterns. The paper concludes with a summary of future plans for the prototype as well as for other distortion generators in development. C1 [Beale, Dave; Wieland, Scoff; Reed, Jim; Wilhite, Larry] USAF, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Beale, D (reprint author), USAF, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400005 ER PT B AU Rouser, K Vining, C McArnis, R AF Rouser, Kurt Vining, Charles McArnis, Robert GP ASME TI Integrated technology investment plan for aeropropulsion testing at Arnold engineering development center SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper presents the integrated investment plan that Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has established for aeropropulsion testing technology. Near and far term technology drivers are addressed in the forecast for test and evaluation capability requirements. Recent technology advancements are described and related to current AEDC testing capabilities. Technology investment areas include intrusive and non-intrusive diagnostics, modeling and simulation, test protocols, and data acquisition and processing. Focus is given to the integration of these technologies with each other, with AEDC facility capabilities, and with forecasted workload requirements. Anticipated budget downsizing has motivated AEDC to prioritize current capabilities and consider partnerships with other federal entities, along with commercial industry and academic institutions. Detailed treatment of particular technology initiatives is presented here along with current collaborative efforts. This paper provides both strategic and tactical vision for continued development of aeropropulsion testing technology at AEDC. C1 [Rouser, Kurt] USAF, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Rouser, K (reprint author), USAF, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400022 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Hu, ST Wang, PY Pitz, RW Roquemore, WM Gord, JR AF Katta, Viswanath R. Hu, Shengteng Wang, Peiong Pitz, Robert W. Roquemore, William M. Gord, James R. TI Investigations on double-state behavior of the counterflow premixed flame system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE premixed flames; extinction; stretch rate; double states; lean combustion ID STRAIN-RATE VARIATIONS; JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; METHANE/AIR FLAMES; EXTINCTION; REACTANTS; UNSTEADY AB The counterflow flame system established between lean-methane-air and lean-hydrogen-air streams is investigated experimentally and numerically. A two-dimensional model known as UNICORN was used for the simulation. Detailed measurements for temperature and species concentrations were obtained along the centerline using Raman spectroscopy. A double-state behavior for this flame system was identified in the numerical simulations, which was later confirmed by the experiments. For the given flow conditions, the flame system can have either a single-flame or a double-flame structure depending on the way those conditions were achieved. Detailed comparisons were made between measurements and calculations for the two flame structures. Calculations for various lean methane-air mixtures and stretch rates were performed to understand the double-state behavior of counterflow premixed flames. It was found that the flame system exhibits double-state behavior only for leaner (phi(CH4) < 0.74) methane-air mixtures. Aerodynamic and chemical structures of the flames in different stretch-rate regimes were analyzed. When stretch rate on the flame system is increased, the flame transitions from a double-flame to a single-flame structure due to aerodynamic-cooling process. When stretch rate is decreased, the flame does not transition back to the double-flame structure due to stretch effects on molecular diffusion. However, for (phi(CH4) > 0.81), decrease in stretch rate increases flame temperature due to lack of stretch-induced cooling and returns the flame structure to a double-flame one. For a narrow range of equivalence ratios (0.74-0.81) counterflow premixed flames exhibit a hysteresis property. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Hu, Shengteng; Wang, Peiong; Pitz, Robert W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Roquemore, William M.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@erinet.com RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1055 EP 1066 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.028 PN 1 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000109 ER PT J AU Holley, AT Dong, Y Andac, MG Egolfopoulos, FN Edwards, T AF Holley, A. T. Dong, Y. Andac, M. G. Egolfopoulos, F. N. Edwards, T. TI Ignition and extinction of non-premixed flames of single-component jet fuels, and liquid hydrocarbons, their surrogates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE jet fuels; surrogate fuels; non-premixed flames; ignition; extinction AB In the present study, extinction strain rates and ignition temperatures of a wide range of jet fuels were experimentally determined in the counterflow configuration under non-premixed conditions. Similar measurements were also made for single-component hydrocarbon fuels and surrogate fuels, and were compared with those obtained for the jet fuels. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures. Comparing single-component hydrocarbon fuels, it was found that those with lower carbon number exhibit greater resistance to extinction and greater ignition propensity. The results for the jet fuels revealed that there is a large variation in both extinction and ignition limits. Jet fuels with similar extinction behavior were found to display a rather different ignition response. Two recently proposed JP-8 surrogates were also tested, and both the ignition and extinction states of a reference JP-8 fuel were not predicted satisfactorily. Both surrogates were found to exhibit a more robust combustion behavior compared to JP-8, as manifested by their increased ignition propensity and their increased resistance to extinction. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Holley, A. T.; Dong, Y.; Andac, M. G.; Egolfopoulos, F. N.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Edwards, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holley, AT (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM aholley@usc.edu NR 12 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.208 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000126 ER PT B AU Babcock, J AF Babcock, Judson TI Applied computational fluid dynamics in support of aircraft/store compatibility and weapons integration - 2007 edition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office (AFSEO), Eglin AFB, FL, is the United States Air Force (USAF) authority for weapons certification efforts. AFSEO performs test and evaluation for aircraft/store compatibility certification. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to support this process. Determining the flow about an aircraft/store combination can be extremely difficult. Complicated geometry features such as pylons, launchers, grid fins, and internal weapons bays create severe aerothermodynamic and acoustic environments which are challenging to numerically simulate. Rapidly and accurately modeling the trajectory of store separation in a high-volume simulation environment presents an additional challenge. The USAF requirement for numerous, simultaneous and quick-reaction solutions for a wide variety of stores and aircraft can only be accomplished through application of parallel high performance computing resources that meet the significant computational and memory demands associated with the certification computational environment. Before operational use, all aircraft/store configurations must be certified for safe loading, carriage and jettison/release. AFSEO provides flight certification recommendations which are based on combinations of engineering analysis, ground, and flight testing. Engineering analyses is provided by disciplines in carriage loads, store separations, flutter, ballistics, stability and control, and electromagnetic compatibility, and interference. The AFSEO Computational Aeromechanics Team provides time-critical CFD support for engineering analyses to optimize ground and flight testing. This contribution takes the form of carriage aerodynamic loads, store separation predictions, and visualized flow field physics. The knowledge created reduces risk, lowers cost, and speeds the fielding of new weapons. This paper discusses six of the most recently applied AFSEO CFD tasks related to specific aircraft/store investigations and certifications. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off AFSEO, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Babcock, J (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off AFSEO, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900004 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, FH Mahalov, A Nichols, B Werne, J Wroblewski, DE AF Ruggiero, Frank H. Mahalov, Alex Nichols, Basil Werne, Joe Wroblewski, Donald E. TI Characterization of high altitude turbulence for air force platforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team C1 [Ruggiero, Frank H.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehiles Directorate AFRL VS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Mahalov, Alex; Nichols, Basil] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Werne, Joe] NorthWest Res Associates Inc, Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ruggiero, FH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehiles Directorate AFRL VS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Frank.Ruggiero@hanscom.af.mil; byn@stokes.la.asu.edu; alex@taylor.la.asu.edu; werne@cora.nwra.com; dew11@bu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F19628-02-C- 0037]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FG9620-02-1-0026] FX Computations were carried out under the Characterization and Prediction of Stratospheric Optical Turbulence for DoD Directed Energy Platforms Challenge Project (C1W). This work is sponsored in part by Air Force Research Laboratory contract F19628-02-C- 0037 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract FG9620-02-1-0026. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 28 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900005 ER PT B AU Morton, SA Forsythe, JR McDaniel, DR Bergeron, K Cummings, RM Goertz, S Seidel, J Squires, KD AF Morton, Scott A. Forsythe, James R. McDaniel, David R. Bergeron, Keith Cummings, Russell M. Goertz, Stefan Seidel, Jurgen Squires, Kyle D. TI High resolution simulation of full aircraft control at flight reynolds numbers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION AB This paper documents interim results of a three year project to develop a computational method for accurately determining static and dynamic stability and control characteristics of fighter and transport aircraft with various store configurations, as well as the aircraft response to pilot input. In this second year of the project computational data is gathered for a rigid F-16C with no control surface movement in forced motion that approximates flight test maneuvers. "Computational maneuvers" designed to efficiently gather three axes of motion data to build a comprehensive reduced order model are also developed The data is then post-processed to determine the resulting static and dynamic stability characteristics. The main benefits of this effort are: 1) early discovery of complex aerodynamic phenomena that are typically only present in dynamic flight maneuvers and therefore not discovered until flight test, and 2) rapid generation of an accurate aerodynamic database to support aircraft and weapon certification by reducing required flight test hours and complementing current stability and control testing. C1 [Morton, Scott A.] US Air Force, SEEK EAGLE Off 46 SK SKI, Heidelberg, Vic 3081, Australia. [Forsythe, James R.] Cobalt Solut, LLC, Dayton, OH USA. [McDaniel, David R.; Cummings, Russell M.; Goertz, Stefan; Seidel, Jurgen] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Squires, Kyle D.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), US Air Force, SEEK EAGLE Off 46 SK SKI, Heidelberg, Vic 3081, Australia. EM Scott.morton@eglin.af.mil; Stefan.Gortz@usafa.af.mil; Jurgen.Seidel.etr.de@usafa.af.mil; squires@asu.edu FU Department of Defense (DoD) HPC/Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office Institute for High Performance Computing Applications of Air Armament FX This research was performed while a co-author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Air Force Academy. In addition, this work was sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD) HPC/Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office Institute for High Performance Computing Applications of Air Armament. The computational resources were generously provided by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, the Maui High Performance Computing Center, Aeronautical Systems Center, the Naval Oceanographic Office, and the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center. The authors gratefully acknowledge the expert advice of the following individuals: Kelly Cohen and Thomas Yechout at the US Air Force Academy; Eugene Morelli at National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 41 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900007 ER PT B AU Vahala, G Soe, M Yepez, J Vahala, L Zlegeler, S AF Vahala, George Soe, Min Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, Linda Zlegeler, Sean TI Lattice Boltzmann algorithms for fluid turbulence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Lattice Boltzmann algorihms are a mesoscopic representation of nonlinear continuum physics (like Navier-Stokes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Gross-Pitaevskii equations) which are ideal for parallel supercomputers because they transform the difficult nonlinear convective macroscopic derivatives into purely local moments of distribution functions. The macroscopic nonlinearities are recovered by relaxation distribution functions in the collision operator whose dependence on the macroscopic velocity is algebraically nonlinear and thus purely local. Unlike standard computational fluid dynamics codes, there is no loss in parallelization in handling arbitrary, geometric boundaries, e.g., using bounce-back rules from kinetic theory. B v encoding detailed balance into the collision operator through the introduction of discrete H-Junction, the lattice Boltzmann algorithm can be made unconditionally stable for arbitrary high Reynolds numbers. It is shown that this approach is a special case of a quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm that entangles local qubits through unitary collision operators and which is ideally parallelized on quantum computer architectures. Here we consider turbulence simulations using 2,048 PEs on a 1, 600(3)-spatial grid. A connection is found between the rate of change of enstrophy and the onset of laminar-to-turbulent flow's. C1 [Vahala, George] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Soe, Min] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math Phys, Claremore, OK USA. [Yepez, Jeffrey] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Vahala, Linda] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. [Zlegeler, Sean] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM vahala@niv.physics.wm.edu; MSoe@rsu.edu; Jeffrey.Yepez@hanscorn.af.mil; lvahala@odu.edu; seanzig@navo.hpc.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research and DoE FX This work could only have been performed by using the CAP Phase II resources on NAVOs IBM-P5 as well as some resources from a special grant from the Department of Energy (DoE) on National Energy Research Supercomputer Centers (NERSC) IBM-P3. Parallelization help from Dr. Jonathan Carter, NERSC, is greatly appreciated as well as the assistance of John Skinner during the CAP runs. This work was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office of Scientific Research and DoE. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 52 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900009 ER PT B AU Thornburg, H Sekar, B Zelina, J Greenwood, R AF Thornburg, Hugh Sekar, Balu Zelina, Joseph Greenwood, Roger TI Effect of curved radial vane cavity arrangements on predicted inter-turbine burner (ITB) performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The demand for significantly higher performance gas turbine engines has led to the exploration and identification of "Out of the Box" innovative engine design concepts. These demands include increased thrust-to-weight ratio goals that can primarily be met by substantial engine performance increases such as specific thrust, engine weight and size reductions, and repackaging of engine components to create compact engines. Concepts of an Ultra-Compact-Combustor (UCC) for use as a main combustor, or as an Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) to boost engine work output, reduce pollutant emissions and engine weight are being explored. The available experimental results and observations indicate that UCC/ITB can operate at 95-99% combustion efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions and with flame lengths up to 50% shorter than those of conventional combustors. In the present study the radial curved vane ITB design concept has been modeled using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The objectives are to predict ITB flow field and combustion characteristics, guide ITB experimental investigations, identify the key design parameters driving performance, and use the results to optimize ITB design configurations. The CFD predictions demonstrated that intense burning in a high-g loaded cavity occurred which resulted in high combustion efficiency. Models with the radial vane cavity located in both the suction and pressure side have been developed The circumferential cavity air is injected through the air injection tubes into the circumferential cavity. The orientation of this injection is used to create both a clock-wise (CW) and a counter-clock-wise (CCW) direction of circumferential flow in the outer cavity when looking upstream from the aft end of the ITB configuration. The resulting five candidate configurations have been simulated and analyzed in detail. This study indicates improved exit profile characteristics for the curved radial vane (CRV) with the cavity in the suction side and the air injected in the CCW direction, compared to the pressure side cavity with air injected either in CCW or CW direction and CRV with no cavity. C1 [Thornburg, Hugh] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sekar, Balu; Zelina, Joseph; Greenwood, Roger] US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Thornburg, H (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hugh.thornburg@wpafb.af.mil; balu.sekar@wpafb.af.mil; joseph.zelina@wpafb.af.mil; roger.greenwood@wpafb.af.mil FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The results supporting this publication were made possible through support provided by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The authors would like to thank Mr. Jack Yoder of Innovative Science Solutions, Inc. for the development and modification of the computer-aided design models, as well support for the translation of such models into a neutral format. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 110 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900017 ER PT B AU Gaitonde, DV Malo-Molina, F Ebrahimi, HB AF Gaitonde, Datta V. Malo-Molina, F. Ebrahimi, Houshang B. TI Integrated analysis of scramjet flowpath with innovative inlets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Significant progress has been achieved during the first year of this Challenge effort, in developing and simulating configurations which highlight the main scramjet inlet flow path alternatives. In particular, three different types of inward-turning inlets have been explored, including the rectangular cross-section, scoop and "jaws" designs. Each flowpath has been discretized and subjected to inviscid, laminar and turbulent analyses with highly-scalable solvers at design and off-design conditions ranging from Mach 6 to Mach 10. Viscous/inviscid interactions are observed to have a profound impact on the flow, giving rise to distortion of the velocity profile at the exit of the inlet (entrance of the isolator/combustor component). For the jaws approach, the effects of angle-of-attack and yaw have been studied A complex pattern of low and high total pressure variation is observed, suggesting strategies for the subsequent fuel injection processes. For the rectangular cross-section dual-plane compression inlet, combustor integration has been accomplished with finite-rate chemical kinetics. The effect on mixing characteristics of numerous injection strategies, both upstream and/or in the interior of a wall cavity, are examined The injection process is observed to yield a separation shock, bow shock and Mach disk, as well as a reattachment shock. Potential phenomena that might generate instabilities and subsequent unstart have been identified, as are locations of high temperature, unburnt fuel gases and combustion efficiency. In a separate, but related effort, simulations have also been performed to yield data for flight-test experiments (HiFIRE program) to ensure survivability of mass capture diagnostic devices. C1 [Gaitonde, Datta V.; Malo-Molina, F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ebrahimi, Houshang B.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Datta.Gaitonde@wpafb.af.mil; Faure.MaloMolina@wpafb.af.mil; Houshang.ebrahimi@amold.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 127 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900019 ER PT B AU James, S Zhu, J Anand, MS Sekar, B AF James, S. Zhu, J. Anand, M. S. Sekar, B. TI Large eddy simulations of bluff-body stabilized turbulent flames and gas turbine combustors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The paper presents applications of the large eddy simulation (LES) methodology on the Sandia/Sydney turbulent bluffbody burner and gas turbine combustors. LES of the bluffbody flame is performed using the filtered density function (FDF) submodel and a comprehensive augmented chemical mechanism for the first time. The FDF submodel is a sophisticated turbulent-combustion submodel that directly computes the joint probability density function (PDF) of scalars and is therefore considered to be more accurate than conventional assumed-PDF type models. The chemical kinetics mechanism involves 19 species and 15 reaction-steps. The mechanism contains both Cl and C2 species and also involves NO formation steps. Owing to the complexity of the mechanism, numerical integration of the kinetics equations is performed using the in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) scheme. Mean velocity and species/temperature fields are presented and compared to experimental data. Results show that the computations are in good agreement with data. The paper also presents LES of a gas turbine combustor. LES is performed using an assumed FDF turbulent-combustion model in conjunction with the flamelet-generated manifold method The advantage of this approach is that the chemical reaction is parameterized by only two variables, mixture fraction and progress variable. Thus calculations are significantly faster than those with the transport FDF model. Circumferentially averaged combustor exit fuel-air ratio profiles are compared to measurement data for two liner port patterns. It is shown that the LES calculations are in reasonable agreement with data and superior to Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes calculations. These calculations indicate that LES of practical combustion systems are feasible economically and can be used for design analyses more routinely. C1 [James, S.; Zhu, J.; Anand, M. S.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46225 USA. [Sekar, B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP James, S (reprint author), Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46225 USA. EM sunil.james@rolls-royce.com; jiang.zhu@rolls-royce.com; m.s.anand@rolls-royce.com; balu.sekar@wpafb.af.mil FU Indiana State 21 Century Research and Technology Fund FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the Indiana State 21st Century Research and Technology Fund. The Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program provided computational resources for the work presented in this paper. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 133 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900020 ER PT B AU Asta, M Trinkle, D Woodward, C AF Asta, Mark Trinkle, Dallas Woodward, Christopher TI ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations of molten Ni-based superalloys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID AL ALLOYS; LIQUID; DENSITIES; ENERGY AB In the casting of single-crystal turbine blades, the composition (c) and temperature (T) dependencies of the liquid-phase molar volume (V(c, T)) play a critical role in driving convective instabilities and the associated formation of solidification defects. To support an effort aimed at the development of validated mathematical criteria for predicting solidification defect formation in Ni-based superalloys, ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have been performed for elemental, binary and ternary alloys of Ni with Al, W, and Re, to compute equations of state at temperatures of 1, 830K and 1, 750K. Where comparisons with measurements are available, AIMD-calculated volumes agree to within 0.5-2.5% of experiment. The results are used to test the accuracy of the predictions of a recently proposed parametrization for composition and temperature dependent molar volumes in liquid multicomponent superalloys. For Ni-Re the model is found to be highly accurate over a wide range of compositions while for Ni-W it gives rise to qualitatively incorrect predictions at higher W concentrations. C1 [Asta, Mark] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trinkle, Dallas] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Woodward, Christopher] US Air Force, Res Lab Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Asta, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mdasta@ucdavis.edu; dallas.trinkle@wpafb.af.mil; christopher.woodward@wpafb.afmil FU AFOSR under the MEANS II program [FA9550-05-0089]; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center; Major Shared Research Center on the SGI Origin 3000; SGI Altix FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of the AFOSR under the MEANS II program (Grant Number FA9550-05-0089). This work was also supported in part by a grant of computer time by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center, Major Shared Research Center on the SGI Origin 3000 and the SGI Altix. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 147 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900022 ER PT B AU Bunte, SW Hurley, MM Taylor, DE Curran, D Runge, K Bums, D Cory, M Vasey, J AF Bunte, Steven W. Hurley, Margaret M. Taylor, DeCarlos E. Curran, Daniel Runge, Keith Bums, Douglas Cory, Marshall Vasey, Joseph TI Computational chemistry modeling of the atmospheric fate of toxic industrial compounds (TICs) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper describes the application of high performance computing to the prediction of the rate constants of reactions occurring in the troposphere involving toxic industrial compounds. The methods we employ use a combination of quantum chemistry and quantum dynamics to calculate the kinetics of the reactions under investigation. Our accomplishments from the past year are presented and discussed. C1 [Bunte, Steven W.; Hurley, Margaret M.; Taylor, DeCarlos E.] US Air Force, Res Lab Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20601 USA. [Curran, Daniel] US Air Force, Melbourne, FL USA. [Runge, Keith] BWD Assoc, Gainesville, FL USA. [Bums, Douglas; Cory, Marshall; Vasey, Joseph] ENSCO Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Bunte, SW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20601 USA. EM bunte@arl.ariny.mil; hurley@arl.ariny.mil; dctaylor@arl.ariny.mil; daniel.curran@patrick.af.mil; runge@qtp.ufl.edu; douglasbums@ensco.com; cory.marshall@ensco.com; vasey.joseph@ensco.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 167 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900025 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Voth, GA Gordon, MS Hammes-Schiffer, S AF Boatz, Jerry A. Voth, Greg A. Gordon, Mark S. Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon TI Design of energetic ionic liquids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FORCE; ENERGIES; SYSTEMS AB An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in rocket and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental and toxicological hazards (and the resulting costs) associated with currently used propellants. A class of compounds which can potentially meet these requirements is known as ionic Liquids (ILs), which are chemical salts with unusually low melting points. The physical and chemical properties of ILs render them useful for many purposes, most notably as environmentally benign ("green") solvents/reaction media but also as catalysts, electrolytes, etc. From a Department of Defense (DoD) perspective, ILs are being explored as new propellants, explosives, and munitions. The Air Force, in particular, is interested in ILs as potential replacements for currently used monopropellants such as hydrazine-which is carcinogenic, highly toxic, and has relatively modest performance characteristics. In contrast, many ILs have superior densities and specific impulses as well as significantly reduced sensitivity and toxicity characteristics. Furthermore, their properties can be carefully tuned via the choice of the component ions. The overall objective of the Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids Challenge Project is to address several key technical issues and challenges associated with the characterization, design, and development of ILs as new monopropellants. Among these, for example, are a fundamental understanding of the instability of ILs, the intrinsic nature of the short- and long-range structure and interactions between the component ions, and identification of the key steps in the initial stages of decomposition and combustion. A hierarchy of computational approaches is employed, including atomistic, high-level quantum chemical methods applied to individual ions and ion clusters, condensed phase atomistic molecular dynamics simulations utilizing polarizable force fields, and mesoscale-level simulations of bulk ionic liquids based upon multiscale coarse graining techniques. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Voth, Greg A.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil; voth@chemistry.chem.utah.edu; mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov; soh3@psu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Army Research Laboratory; Engineer Research and Development Center,; Navy; Maui DSRCs FX The authors gratefully acknowledge grants of computer time at five DoD DSRCs: Air Force Research Laboratory, Army Research Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, Navy, and Maui DSRCs. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 171 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900026 ER PT B AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, P. N. Nguyen, K. A. Pachter, R. TI Organic materials for multiphoton absorption: Time-dependent density functional theory calculations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID 2-PHOTON PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; CONJUGATED PORPHYRIN DIMERS; EXCITED-STATES; LARGE MOLECULES; ZINC-COMPLEXES; CHROMOPHORES; PHTHALOCYANINE; SPECTRA; EXCHANGE; DONOR AB In out, interest to accurately predict the photophysical properties of organic molecules that exhibit multiphoton absorption optical processes, we applied density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) for the calculation of structures, and one-photon absorption (OPA), two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra, for series of relevant compounds. In our recent work TDDFT was validated regarding the exchange-correlation functional to be used for molecules that exhibit excited state charge-transfer characteristics, the application of quadratic response for TPA properties, and the inclusion of solvent effects, as applied, for example, to 4,4'-dimethyl-amino-nitrostilbene and a donor-acceptor (DA) fluorene-based system. In this work we discuss the prediction of TPA cross-section enhancements for large porphyrin dimers. C1 [Day, P. N.; Nguyen, K. A.; Pachter, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Day@wpafb.af.mil; Kiet.Nguyen@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900030 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Sorescu, DC AF Boatz, Jerry A. Sorescu, Dan C. TI Polynitrogen/Nanoaluminum surface interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE; POINTS; METALS AB First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been conducted to study the adsorption of a series of high-nitrogen compounds of increasing sizes and complexity on the Al(111) surface. The calculations employ periodic slab models with 4 Al layers, ranging in size from (3x3) to (7 x 7) surface unit cells, and containing up to 196 Al atoms. Complementary quantum chemical calculations, utilizing DFT and second-order perturbation theory methods, of the ground state potential energy surfaces of the corresponding polynitrogen/high nitrogen species in the absence of the aluminum surface also have been performed. For the set of chemical species N-x(x=1,5), NHx(x=1-3), N2Hx(x=1-4) and N3H, N3H3, and N4H4, the adsorption configurations at different surface sites and the corresponding binding energies have been determined. This analysis has been further extended to high-nitrogen compounds N5H and N6H2. For these two systems it was found that the initial bonding to the surface takes place through a molecular mechanism (nondissociatively) with involvement of single or multiple N atoms of the molecule. However, dissociation on the surface can take place with small activation energies' This set of calculations has been further extended to include 1,3,5-triazene and 1,2,3-triazine (C3H3N3) as well as larger substituted triazene systems such as C9N30 and C15N18. For these large systems it was found that bonding takes place through multiple N centers with formation of highly strained and deformed adsorption configurations. In a number of instances the adsorption takes place dissociatively with N-2 elimination. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sorescu, Dan C.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil FU computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRCs); DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge grants of computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRCs), sponsored by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 211 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900032 ER PT B AU Adams, S Payne, J Boppana, R AF Adams, Samuel Payne, Jason Boppana, Rajendra TI Finite difference time domain (FDTD) Simulations using graphics processors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB This paper presents a graphics processor based implementation of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), which uses a central finite differencing scheme for solving Maxwell's equations for electromagnetics. FDTD simulations can be very computationally expensive and require thousands of CPU hours to solve on traditional general purpose processors. Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) found in desktop computers are programmable and are capable of much higher vector floating-point performance than general purpose CPUs. This paper shows how GPUs can be used to greatly speedup FDTD simulations. The main objective is to leverage GPU processing power for FDTD update calculations and complete computationally expensive simulations in reasonable time. This allows researchers to simulate much longer pulse lengths and larger models than was possible in the past. A new FDTD code was developed to leverage graphics processors using Linux, C, GpenGL, Cg, and commodity GeForce 7 series GPUs. The graphics hardware was accessed through standard OpenGL. The FDTD model space was then transferred to the GPU device memory through GpenGL textures and host readable via frame buffer objects exposed by the GpenGL 2.0 application programming interface (API). GPU fragment processors were utilized for the FDTD update computations via Cg fragment programs. For models that were sufficiently large, greater than (140)3 cells, the GPU performed FDTD update calculations at least 12 times faster than the execution of the same simulation on a contemporary multicore CPU from Intel or AMD. The use of GPUs shows great promise for high performance computing applications like FDTD that have high arithmetic intensity and limited or no data dependencies in computation streams. Until recently, to use GPUs as a co-processor, the normal CPU-based code needed to be rewritten extensively using special graphics programming language Cg and OpenGL APIs, which is difficult for non-graphics programmers. However, newer GPUs, such as NVIDIA's G80, provide unified shader models for programming GPU processing elements and APIs that allow compiler tools to allow direct programming of graphics hardware without extra intermediate graphics programming with OpenGL and Cg. Currently, a message passing interface-based parallel GPU FDTD code is being developed and benchmarked on a cluster of G80 GPUs. C1 [Adams, Samuel] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Needham Hts, MA 02494 USA. [Adams, Samuel; Payne, Jason] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Boppana, Rajendra] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Comp Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Adams, S (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Needham Hts, MA 02494 USA. EM samuel.adams@brooks.af.mil; jason.payne@brooks.af.mil; boppana@cs.utsa.edu NR 6 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 334 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900052 ER PT B AU Chushak, Y Foy, B Frazier, J AF Chushak, Yaroslav Foy, Brent Frazier, John TI Stochastic simulations of cellular biological processes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID SYSTEMS AB At the functional level, all biological processes in cells can be represented as a series of biochemical reactions that are stochastic in nature. We have developed a software package called Biomolecular Network Simulator (BNS) that uses a stochastic approach to model and simulate complex biomolecular reaction networks. Two simulation algorithms-the exact Gillespie stochastic. simulation algorithm and the approximate adaptive tau-leaping algorithm-are implemented for generating Monte Carlo trajectories that describe the evolution of a system of biochemical reactions. The software uses a combination of MATLAB and C-coded functions and is parallelized with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library to run on multiprocessor architectures. C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav] USA, MRMC, BHSIA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Foy, Brent] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Frazier, John] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chushak, Y (reprint author), USA, MRMC, BHSIA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM schushak@bioanalysis.org; brent.foy@wright.edu; john.frazier@wpafb.af.mil FU US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX The work of Yaroslav Chushak was sponsored by the US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative. The work of Brent Foy was made possible by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 425 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900067 ER PT J AU Samad, T Bay, JS Godbole, D AF Samad, Tariq Bay, John S. Godbole, Datta TI Network-centric systems for military operations in urban terrain: The role of UAVs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE autonomy; coordination and control; route optimization; surveillance and reconnaissance; UAVs; urban operations ID AIRCRAFT AB Military systems are the motivational driver for much of the technology development conducted at applied research laboratories around the world. AS the needs of the world's militaries change, so does the focus of this research and development. in this paper, we discuss how the fundamental characteristics of military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) impose requirements and constraints on sensing and reconnaissance. We highlight the importance of a new class of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for network-centric military urban operations. We review some of the UAVs that have been developed in recent years, and that are under development, with particular attention to their endurance, portability, performance, payload, and communication capabilities. Selected university testbeds are also briefly noted. over the last few years there has been considerable research focused on how these small UAVs, both individually and collectively, can operate autonomously in urban environments and help capture and communicate needed information. we discuss some of this research; specific topics covered include guidance and control for autonomous operation, multi-UAV coordination and route optimization, and ad-hoc networking with UAV nodes. A new concept of operations is described that relies on coordination and control of a heterogeneous suite of small UAVS for surveillance and reconnaissance operations in urban terrain. C1 Honeywell Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Samad, T (reprint author), Honeywell Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. EM tariq.samad@honeywell.com; john.bay@rl.af.mil; datta.godbole@honeywell.com NR 50 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887327 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 145OW UT WOS:000244875400007 ER PT S AU Giles, S Barfield, J AF Giles, Sammie, Jr. Barfield, Jill GP IEEE TI Autoregressive modeling of layered multi-medium for EM signal processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect DE electromagnetics; inverse scattering; signal processing; lattice filters AB The authors present four lattice models of materials useful in describing multi-medium. The models are based on the coupled first order partial differential equations describing right-going and left-going electromagnetic waves. Time variations are transformed out. Both scattering and transmission lattices for forward and backward spatial differences result from discrete versions of the wave equations. C1 [Giles, Sammie, Jr.] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Barfield, Jill] US Air Force, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Giles, S (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM giless@tuskegee.edu; jill.garfield2@eglin.af.mil FU American Society for Engineering Educations; Office of Naval Research FX We wish to thank the American Society for Engineering Educations and the Office of Naval Research for support of the initial efforts on this modeling problem NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900014 ER PT S AU Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Munshi, S Ulrich, B Rice, W Grazulis, L Shank, JM Mahalingam, K AF Eyink, Kurt G. Tomich, David H. Munshi, S. Ulrich, Bruno Rice, Wally Grazulis, Lawrence Shank, J. M. Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy BE Eyink, KG Huffaker, DL Szmuloqicz, F TI Photoluminescence study of self-assembly of heterojunction quantum dots(HeQuaDs) - art. no. 64810O SO Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters IV CY JAN 22-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID DOTS AB Recently quantum dots (QDs) have been the topic of extensive research. Unique properties arise in QDs due to a combination of the localized nature of their wavefunctions and a singularity in the associated density of states. Many strained III-V semiconductor film-substrate systems form QDs via a self-assembly process by means of a Stranski-Krastanov process. The strain relief responsible for the 3D nucleation causes a variation in the in-plane lattice constant which allows subsequent QD layers separated by thin spacer layers to be vertically stacked. Recently this concept has been extended to allow the formation of a heterojunction quantum dot (HeQuaD). In this structure an initial self-assembled QD (SAQD) is formed and then a different similarly strained material is nucleated on the initial SAQDs forming a crown on the underlying QD. This crown is also of a size appropriate to cause quantum confinement. In particular a stack of 4 layers of a HeQuaD structure of a GaSb crowned InAs SAQD on GaAs with GaAs spacer layers has been formed. The top HeQuaDs have been left uncapped to allow AFM analysis of the morphology. Photoluminescence of the HeQuaD has 3 peaks at similar to 0.95eV, 1.15eV, and 1.35eV. We have measured the intensity and temperature dependence of these PL peaks. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6594-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6481 BP O4810 EP O4810 AR 64810O DI 10.1117/12.715304 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF09 UT WOS:000246394600014 ER PT S AU Bednar, E Drager, SL AF Bednar, Earl Drager, Steven L. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum simulator review - art. no. 65730I SO Quantum Information and Computation V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation V CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE quantum information science; quantum computing; information dominance; information systems; command; control; communications; computers; intelligence; surveillance and reconnaissance AB Quantum information processing's objective is to utilize revolutionary computing capability based on harnessing the paradigm shift offered by quantum computing to solve classically hard and computationally challenging problems. Some of our computationally challenging problems of interest include: the capability for rapid image processing, rapid optimization of logistics, protecting information, secure distributed simulation, and massively parallel computation. Currently, one important problem with quantum information processing is that the implementation of quantum computers is difficult to realize due to poor scalability and great presence of errors. Therefore, we have supported the development of Quantum eXpress and QuIDD Pro, two quantum computer simulators running on classical computers for the development and testing of new quantum algorithms and processes. This paper examines the different methods used by these two quantum computing simulators. It reviews both simulators, highlighting each simulators background, interface, and special features. It also demonstrates the implementation of current quantum algorithms on each simulator. It concludes with summary comments on both simulators. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bednar, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6695-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6573 BP I5730 EP I5730 AR 65730I DI 10.1117/12.719758 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA BGJ58 UT WOS:000247640400014 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD Hartke, JP Dereniak, EL Beecken, BP AF LeVan, Paul D. Hartke, John P. Dereniak, Eustace L. Beecken, Brian P. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Extending hyperspectral capabilities with dualband infrared focal plane arrays - art. no. 64790W SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; infrared; dualband; focal plane array ID SPECTROMETER AB Dualband infrared focal plane arrays (FPA) were developed originally for multi-spectral imaging applications, where their advantages in compactness and band-to-band pixel registration, relative to conventional multispectral imagers, were recognized. As dualband FPA architecture is matured for quantum well and mercury cadmium telluride focal plane arrays, and becomes within the grasp of strained layer superlattice technology, applications in addition to multi-waveband imaging come to mind. In various hyperspectral applications that employ gratings, the different grating orders can sometimes be paired with the wavebands of the dual- (or multi-) waveband FPA, allowing high efficiency hyperspectral imaging over very broad wavelength regions. Exploiting the "third dimension" of FPA detecting layers for dual- and multi-waveband capability proved its usefulness for multi-waveband imaging; this paper will show similar advantages for hyperspectral applications and describe such applications. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP W4790 EP W4790 AR 64790W DI 10.1117/12.714793 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600015 ER PT S AU Ferrara, M Arnold, G Cheney, M AF Ferrara, Matthew Arnold, Gregory Cheney, Margaret BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Two joint time-frequency transforms for velocity separation of moving target radar data - art. no. 654706 SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB This paper describes work that considered two Joint Time-Frequency Transforms (JTFTs) for use in a SAR-based (single sensor/platform Synthetic Aperture Radar) 3D imaging approach. The role of the JTFT is to distinguish moving point scatterers that may become collocated during the observation interval. A Frequency Domain Velocity Filter Bank (FDVFB) was compared against the well-known Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) in terms of their maximal Time-Frequency energy concentrations. The FDVFB and STFT energy concentrations were compared for a variety of radar scenarios. In all cases the STFT achieved slightly higher enera, concentrations while simultaneously requiring half the computations needed by the FDVFB. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP 54706 EP 54706 AR 654706 DI 10.1117/12.723152 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500005 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Robinson, P LaRue, J Glett, J AF Mitra, Atindra K. Robinson, Philip LaRue, James Glett, John BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Multipath data analysis and exploitation for the design of distributed radar systems - art. no. 65470J SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE distributed radar systems; multipath exploitation; radar imaging AB A description of the design parameters for a scaled RF environment is presented. This scaled RF environment was developed for purposes of simulating and investigating multipath phenomena in urban environments. A number of experiments were conducted with this scaled urban environment including a series of tests with eight spatially distributed receivers and one transmitter. Details with regard to the instrumentation system along with the measurement philosophy are provided. The primary focus of this paper is a detailed treatment of data analysis and exploitation techniques for the multipath data generated by this scaled RF environment. A portion of the material on multipath data analysis and exploitation is focused on developing techniques for identifying a optimum placement of receiver pairs for purposes of maximizing information content on a embedded target. In other words, data from the eight distributed receiver locations are analyzed and techniques are presented that allow for the selection of receiver pairs that provide the most information on targets that are embedded within the multipath environment. The last section of the paper discusses visualization and pseudo-imaging techniques for targets embedded in multipath environments. C1 AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP J5470 EP J5470 AR 65470J DI 10.1117/12.713943 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500018 ER PT S AU Ferrara, M Cheney, M Arnold, G AF Ferrara, Matthew Cheney, Margaret Arnold, Gregory BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Identification of multiple-scattering events from 3D GTD-based parametric scattering models - art. no. 65470M SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL ID ATR AB This paper describes the development of an algorithm for detecting multiple-scattering events in the 3D Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD)-based Jackson-Moses scattering model. This approach combines microlocal analysis techniques with geometric-invariant theory to estimate multiple-scattering events. After multiple-scattering returns were estimated, the algorithm employed the Generalized Radon Transform to determine the existence of multiple scattering within the measured data. The algorithm was tested on an X-band simulation of isotropic point scatterers undergoing unknown rotational motion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP M5470 EP M5470 AR 65470M DI 10.1117/12.723156 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500021 ER PT S AU Todd, AD Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE Rogers, SK AF Todd, Adam D. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. Rogers, Steven K. BE Kruegel, C Lippmann, R Clark, A TI Alert verification evasion through server response forging SO RECENT ADVANCES IN INTRUSION DETECTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection CY SEP 05-07, 2007 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP NW Security Inst, SAP, CERT, Software Engn Inst, Carnegie Mellon Univ DE network intrusion detection; alert verification; evasion; exploits ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are necessary components in the defense of any computer network. Network administrators rely on IDSs to detect attacks, but ultimately it is their responsibility to investigate IDS alerts and determine the damage done. With the number of alerts increasing, IDS analysts have turned to automated methods to help with alert verification. This research investigates this next step of the intrusion detection process. Some alert verification mechanisms attempt to identify successful intrusion attempts based on server responses and protocol analysis. This research examines the server responses generated by four different exploits across four different Linux distributions. Next, three techniques capable of forging server responses on Linux operating systems are developed and implemented. This research shows that these new alert verification evasion methods can make attacks appear unsuccessful even though the exploitation occurs. This type of attack ignores detection and tries to evade the verification process. C1 [Todd, Adam D.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mullins, Barry E.; Rogers, Steven K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cybersp Res, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 642, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Raines, Richard A.] US Air Force, Wright Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Todd, AD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cybersp Res, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 642, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.raines@afit.edu FU Sensors Directorate of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by the Sensors Directorate of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74319-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4637 BP 256 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGS68 UT WOS:000250340500014 ER PT S AU Holt, DT Armenakis, AA Harris, SG Feild, HS AF Holt, Daniel T. Armenakis, Achilles A. Harris, Stanley G. Feild, Hubert S. BE Pasmore, WA Woodman, RW TI TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION OF READINESS FOR CHANGE: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND INSTRUMENTATION SO RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT, VOL 16 SE Research in Organizational Change and Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECISIONAL BALANCE MEASURE; ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; INNOVATION; MODEL; RESISTANCE; KNOWLEDGE; WORK; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RECEPTIVITY; VALIDATION AB Although the measurement of organizational readiness for change has been encouraged, measuring readiness for change poses a major empirical challenge. This is not because instruments designed to do this are not available. Researchers, consultants, and practitioners have published an array of instruments, suggesting that readiness can be measured from various perspectives and the concept of readiness has not been clearly defined. This paper reviews the history of the readiness concept, the perspectives used to assess readiness, and the psychometric properties of readiness instruments. Based on the review, an integrated definition of readiness is presented along with the implications of the definition for research and practice. C1 [Holt, Daniel T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Armenakis, Achilles A.; Harris, Stanley G.; Feild, Hubert S.] Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 107 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0897-3016 BN 978-0-7623-1326-6 J9 RES ORGAN CHAN DEV PY 2007 VL 16 BP 289 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0897-3016(06)16009-7 PG 48 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BOH63 UT WOS:000276668600010 ER PT J AU Allan, PF Thurlby, JR Naworol, GA AF Allan, Patrick F. Thurlby, Jefferson R. Naworol, Gregory A. TI Measurement of pulsatile tidal volume, pressure amplitude, and gas flow during high-frequency percussive ventilation, with and without partial cuff deflation SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE volumetric diffusive ventilation; volumetric diffusive respiration; high-frequency percussive ventilation; high-frequency ventilation; tracheal tube; cuff leak ID CONVENTIONAL VENTILATION; INHALATION AB OBJECTIVE: With a high-frequency percussive ventilator and a mechanical lung model, to measure tidal volume (V-T), pulsatile pressure amplitude (difference between peak and nadir pulsatile pressure [Delta P]), and mean airway pressure (P-aw) at various pulsatile frequencies, pulsatile inspiratory-expiratory ratios (I:E-p), and pressures (measured at the interface between the pulse-generator and the endotracheal tube [P-vent]). METHODS: With the endotracheal tube inside an artificial trachea, we manipulated the high-frequency percussive ventilation settings and adjuncts, including pulsatile frequency, I:E-p, and P-vent by manipulating pulsatile flow. We also studied the effects of partially deflating the endotracheal tube cuff. We measured Paw, pulsatile pressure amplitude at the carina (Delta P-c), and pulsatile V-T at the carina. With the cuff partly deflated, we measured the fraction of inspired oxygen (F-IO2) in the gas efflux above and below the cuff. RESULTS: Increasing the pulsatile frequency from 300 cycles/min to 600 cycles/min and changing the I:E-P from 1:3 to 1:1 significantly reduced V-T (P < 0.001). P-aw and Delta P-c were unaffected by the change in pulsatile frequency or I:EP, except when we did not preserve the pulsatile flow. The measured VT range was from 19.1 mL (at 600 cycles/min) to 47.3 mL (at 300 cycles/min). Partial cuff deflation did not significantly reduce Paw or Delta P-c, but it did significantly reduce V-T and F-IO2. CONCLUSION: During high-frequency percussive ventilation, the pulsatile frequency is inversely related to V-T. Partial cuff deflation reduces the delivered F-IO2. RP Allan, PF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Air Force, 759th MSGS MCCP,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM patrick.allan@lackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESPIR CARE JI Respir. Care PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 126DD UT WOS:000243491500006 PM 17194317 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Case study for new feature extraction algorithms, ilutomated data classification, and model-assisted probability of detection evaluation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 26A AND 26B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE eddy current; fastener sites; feature extraction; models; probability of detection (POD) AB This paper explores feature extraction algorithms for crack characterization in eddy current inspection of fastener sites. A novel feature extraction method fitting approximate models to data associated with geometric part features addressing adjacent fastener sites and panel edges is developed. Data classification methods in the circumferential direction around fastener sites are developed to better characterize fatigue cracks with improved noise invariance. Model-assisted probability of detection results are presented highlighting the benefit of automation in NDE. C1 Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000033 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Sathish, S Knepp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Ko, Ray T. Sathish, Shamachary Knepp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Hidden crack detection with gmr sensing of magnetic fields from eddy currents SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE hidden crack detection; fastener hole; GMR sensor; eddy currents ID FASTENERS AB A giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor placed inside a coil has been used for same side eddy current measurements on metallic plates. Magnetic fields from eddy currents generated in these metallic plates by excitation of the coil, are detected by the GMR sensor. The signal excitation and detection is accomplished using a lock-in amplifier which allows independent measurement of the phase and magnitude. The sensor configuration has been used to detect notches. Phase and magnitude images acquired with this sensor configuration are compared with the images obtained using the coil only. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000035 ER PT S AU Gupta, K Ghasr, MT Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Stanley, RJ Padwal, A O'Keefe, M Palmer, D Blackshire, J Steffes, G Wood, N AF Gupta, K. Ghasr, M. T. Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Stanley, R. J. Padwal, A. O'Keefe, M. Palmer, D. Blackshire, J. Steffes, G. Wood, N. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Fusion of microwave and eddy current data for a multi-modal approach in evaluating corrosion under paint and in lap joints SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE corrosion; data fusion; eddy current; microwaves; nondestructive evaluation; structural analysis ID WAVE; PROBES AB Critical aircraft structures are susceptible to hidden corrosion. Find-it and fix-it approaches are inefficient as it relates to managing the problems associated with corrosion. More comprehensive corrosion information may be obtained using data fusion from several detection and evaluation methods. To this end, microwave, conventional and pulsed eddy current data from a multi-layer corroded panel, representing an aircraft lap joint, are fused and used as inputs to a structural analysis model to obtain a comprehensive snapshot of the corroded environment. This paper presents the data fusion algorithm and the structural analysis model along with a discussion of the results. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Boeing Co, Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gupta, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000079 ER PT S AU Abou-Khousa, MA Ryley, A Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Daniels, D Kreitinger, N Steffes, G AF Abou-Khousa, M. A. Ryley, A. Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Daniels, D. Kreitinger, N. Steffes, G. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Comparison of x-ray, millimeter wave, shearography and through-transmission ultrasonic methods for inspection of honeycomb composites SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE honeycomb composite; millimeter wave; nondestructive testing (NDT); shearography; through-transmission ultrasound; x-ray computed tomography AB Honeycomb composites are increasingly finding utility in a variety of environments and applications, such as aircraft structural components, flight control components, radomes, etc. Inservice and environmental stresses can produce unwanted flaws that adversely affect the structural integrity and functionality of these composites. These flaws may be in the forms of disbonds, delaminations, impact damage, crushed honeycomb, moisture intrusion, internal cracks, etc. There are several nondestructive testing (NDT) methods that may be used to inspect these composites for the presence and evaluation of these flaws. Such NDT methods include X-ray computed tomography, near-field millimeter wave, shearography, and ultrasonic testing. To assess the capabilities of these methods for honeycomb composite inspection, two honeycomb composites panels were produced with several embedded flaws and missing material primarily representing planar disbonds at various levels within the thickness of the panels and with different shapes. Subsequently, the aforementioned NDT methods were used to produce images of the two panels. This paper presents the results of these investigations and a comparison among the capabilities of these methods. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abou-Khousa, MA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 999 EP 1006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000128 ER PT S AU Welter, J Sathish, S Ripberger, E Lindgren, E AF Welter, J. Sathish, S. Ripberger, E. Lindgren, E. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Thermo-elastic nondestructive evaluation of thermally induced damage in polymer matrix composites SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE nondestructive evaluation; NDE; ultrasonics; heat damage; composites AB Destructive measurements of overheated Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) show that mechanical strength can be reduced by as much as 10-80 percent before appearance of visible damage. A large majority of the NDE techniques cannot detect this incipient heat damage. Thermo-elastic measurements are compared with ultrasonic C-scans and destructive flexural test measurements per-formed on PMCs subjected to uniform heat damage. These measurements confirm that ultrasonic C-scan measurements cannot detect incipient heat damage that can be detected by the thermo-elastic parameter measurements. A gradual decrease in the thermo-elastic parameter was determined as a function of increasing incipient heat damage. The possible mechanisms responsible for the change in this parameter due to thermal damage are discussed. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Syst Support Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Welter, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1052 EP 1056 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000135 ER PT S AU Sathish, S Jata, KV Martin, RW Reibel, R AF Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar V. Martin, Richard W. Reibel, Richard BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Focused acoustic beam evaluation of aluminum lithium friction stir weld SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE focused acoustic beam; friction stir welding; elastic properties ID WAVE VELOCITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPE; FATIGUE; ALLOYS AB Local elastic variations were measured across a friction stir welded zone in Al-Li alloy with the use of a focused acoustic beam, The near surface microstructure was investigated by measuring both the amplitude and the local velocity of the Rayleigh Surface Waves (RSW). Both the amplitude and velocity of the focused longitudinal acoustic waves propagating through the thickness of the sample has been used for examination of the variations in the localized bulk elastic properties. The variations observed across the weld zone are explained based on microstructure and residual stress variations. C1 Ceram & NDE Div, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sathish, S (reprint author), Ceram & NDE Div, Air Force Res Lab, 2230 Tenth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1095 EP 1102 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000141 ER PT S AU Ryley, AC Ghasr, MT Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Steffes, G AF Ryley, A. C. Ghasr, M. T. Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Steffes, Gary BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of millimeter wave, eddy current and thermographic methods for detection of corrosion in aluminum substrate SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE aluminum substrate; corrosion; dielectric coating; nondestructive testing and evaluation; millimeter wave; thermography; eddy current ID PAINT AB Aluminum structures exposed to the elements are susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion may cause various mechanical and structural deficiencies such as material thinning. It is desirable to rapidly detect and evaluate the properties of an aluminum substrate early in the corrosion process to avoid costly maintenance actions later. There are several nondestructive testing methods for this purpose. To investigate capabilities of millimeter wave, conventional eddy current, and flash thermography techniques for detection of large corrosion areas in aluminum substrates, two corroded samples were inspected with and without dielectric coating (applique). This paper presents the results of the c-scan imaging of these samples using the methods mentioned above. The attributes of these methods for detection and evaluation of large, severe and non-uniform corrosion areas with and without a dielectric coating are discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryley, AC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1258 EP 1265 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000162 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Allwine, DA QadeerAhmed, M Fisher, J Knopp, JS Lindgren, EA AF Aldrin, John C. Medina, Enrique A. Allwine, Daniel A. QadeerAhmed, Mohammed Fisher, Joseph Knopp, Jeremy S. Lindgren, Eric A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Probabilistic risk assessment: Impact of human factors on nondestructive evaluation and sensor degradation on structural health monitoring SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE cost benefit assessment; models; nondestructive evaluation; probabilistic risk assessment; structural health monitoring AB Managing human factors in nondestructive evaluation is critical for maintaining inspection reliability. Reliability of' structural health monitoring systems is particularly sensitive to sensor degradation over time. To investigate the impact of these issues, probabilistic models for risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis tools have been developed. Quantitative studies are presented evaluating the effects of variations in probability of detection associated with human factors, plus in-situ sensor degradation effects on life cycle measures such as cost and probability of failure. C1 Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. Enrique Medina & Associates, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. Austral Engn & Software Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1461 EP 1468 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000190 ER PT S AU Sundararaman, S White, JR Adams, DE Jata, KV AF Sundararaman, S. White, J. R. Adams, D. E. Jata, K. V. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of wave propagation and vibration-based structural health monitoring techniques to friction stir welded plate and sandwich honeycomb panel SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE wave; vibration; metal; damage identification; health monitoring; beamforming; time-frequency analysis; guided waves; structural health monitoring AB Wave propagation and vibration-based structural health monitoring methodologies are presented to detect, locate and quantify dent/crack, thermal debond, and corrosion damage in a solid aluminum friction stir weld plate and a sandwich honeycomb thermal protection panel. A wave propagation based method can identify small defects because propagating waves typically consist of small wavelengths while a vibration-based scheme is better equipped to quantify damage over wide areas of large structures. Near-real time online diagnostics is achieved by using localized sensing (wave propagation) and distributed sensing (vibration-based) in an active measurement array. Sensor/actuator arrays have been developed to implement these techniques and portable health management systems have been developed based on the combination of damage detection algorithms, active sensing, and graphical user interfaces. Propagating waves are shown to have a heightened sensitivity to damage located at the anti-nodes of a friction stir wed plate forced by low frequency environmental vibrations. Measurement of the input forcing in the vibration-based method is shown to enable damage quantification. C1 Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLL, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sundararaman, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1485 EP 1492 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000193 ER PT S AU Martin, SA Blackshire, JL AF Martin, Steven A. Blackshire, James L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Effect of adhesive material properties on induced stresses in bonded sensors SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE adhesively bonded sensors; induced stress; structural health monitoring AB An analysis of the stresses induced in adhesively bonded sensors from a biaxial stress field in the underlying substrate is presented. Recent Structural Health Monitoring work has looked at using surface bonded sensors to detect and characterize damage in aircraft structures. In addition to the proper design of these systems, it is important that they be able to survive in a sometimes hostile operating environment in terms of weather, vibration, temperature, and mechanical loading of the structural members of the airframe. The analysis first considers the load transfer mechanism from the substrate through the adhesive layer into the sensor. The partitioning of the load between the substrate and sensor is found to depend on the substrate stiffness, the sensor thickness, and the shear modulus and thickness of the adhesive. The analysis then shows that for an elliptically shaped sensor whose maximal dimension is small compared to the substrate in-plane dimensions the stress induced by a biaxial state of stress can be determined using inclusion theory. It is further shown that the stresses in a circular sensor on a substrate subjected to a hydrostatic state of stress can be calculated using equations derived from those used to determine The interfacial pressure for an interference fit between annular cylinders. Finally, the analysis considers induced bending stresses caused by the asymmetric change in thickness in the region where the bonded sensor resides. C1 USAF, Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. RP Martin, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1524 EP 1531 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000198 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Blodgett, MP Sathish, S Boehnlein, TR AF Ko, Ray T. Blodgett, Mark P. Sathish, Shamachary Boehnlein, Thomas R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of resonant frequency eddy current technique on a shot-peened nickel-based engine-grade material SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE eddy current; resonant frequency; frequency shift; shot peen AB The shot peening conditions of a nickel-based engine-grade material were evaluated using a novel eddy current measurement technique. With this technique, the shift of a resonant frequency was found to be dependent on variables which also affect conventional eddy current testing. The cable effect is another important variable, which is often neglected in a routine eddy current testing, is also discussed. Experimental results showed that at high frequencies, the shot peening conditions were easily distinguishable using this frequency shift technique. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1608 EP 1615 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000209 ER PT S AU Lindgren, EA Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Steffes, GJ Buynak, CF AF Lindgren, E. A. Knopp, J. S. Aldrin, J. C. Steffes, G. J. Buynak, C. F. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Aging aircraft NDE: Capabilities, challenges, and opportunities SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE aging aircraft; damage detection; damage characterization; multi-layered structure; integral stiffener structures AB US Air Force aircraft are managed by Damage Tolerance Assessment (DTA) and Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) plays a critical role in insuring their flight safety. This paper provides an overview of current NDE capabilities for aircraft structures. The potential migration to Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) will require NDE to evolve from detection of defects to characterization of their location and size. This represents multiple significant challenges as aircraft have man), material and geometry factors that complicate this analysis. This paper provides a strategy to resolve these factors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1731 EP 1738 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000225 ER PT S AU Annis, C Knopp, J AF Annis, Charles Knopp, Jeremy BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Comparing the effectiveness of a(90/95) calculations SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE confidence bounds; wald method; loglikelihood ratio; POD; probability; a(90/95) AB Most practitioners see a(90/95) as a static, single-point summary of an entire inspection's capability. It purports to be the size of the target having at least 90% probability of detection in 95 of 100 POD experiments under nominally identical conditions. But in some situations the actual coverage is closer to 80%, rather than 95%, with 50% coverage being the median POD(a) curve itself. This paper discusses the two philosophies, the Wald Method, and the Loglikelihood Ratio Method, for constructing lower bounds on POD(a) curves (and therefore determining a(90/95)) and compares the effectiveness of each as functions of other experimental realities such as sample size and balance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Stat Engn, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. RP Annis, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1767 EP 1774 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000229 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Lindgren, E Annis, C AF Knopp, J. S. Aldrin, J. C. Lindgren, E. Annis, C. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Investigation of a model-assisted approach to probability of detection evaluation SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE model-assisted probability of detection (MAPOD); Eddy current AB This paper presents a model-assisted probability of detection (MAPOD) study for inspection of a two-layer airframe structure. Eddy current measurements for varying crack length around fastener holes in a two-layer aluminum structure are studied using both experimental and model-generated data. New statistical algorithms are used to calculate the probability of detection. Good agreement was achieved between empirical and model-assisted approaches. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. Stat Engn, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1775 EP 1782 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000230 ER PT S AU Hovey, PW Berens, AP Knopp, J AF Hovey, Peter W. Berens, Alan P. Knopp, Jeremy BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Estimating the distribution of the sizes of flaws remaining after an inspection SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE probability of detection; crack size distributions; statistical estimation AB The U.S. Air Force plans for maintenance and retirement of aircraft based in part on fatigue crack growth models. Periodic inspections are used to help assess airworthiness and plan for future inspections. Nondestructive inspections are not perfect so some cracks are missed and the likelihood that an individual crack is detected is a function of the size of the crack when inspected. Additionally, the crack size distribution is related to the number of flight hours the aircraft has experienced, so not all inspection results come from the same distribution. In a recent study several models were compared that utilize the capability of the inspection system and the variation between aircraft and times of inspections to estimate the distribution of sizes of cracks that were missed during the inspection. This white paper summarizes those results and identifies some methods for extending them. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Math, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Metals Ceram & DNE Div, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hovey, PW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Math, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1807 EP 1815 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000234 ER PT J AU Liptak, DC Reber, JC Maguire, JF Amer, MS AF Liptak, David C. Reber, Jason C. Maguire, John F. Amer, Maher S. TI On the development of a confocal Rayleigh-Brillouin microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB This Note illustrates how a confocal microscope may be modified to conduct Rayleigh-Brillouin mapping experiments that yield very useful information on the mechanical properties of interfacial materials in small volume elements. While the modifications to the microscope are quite straightforward, they do entail significant changes in the optical design. The instrument described herein consists of an argon ion laser equipped with an actively stabilized intercavity etalon that serves as the excitation source for a modified Zeiss LSM 310 confocal laser scan microscope. The optics of the microscope were reconfigured to enable interfacing of the microscope with a tandem triple-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer. This instrument enables three-dimensional Rayleigh-Brillouin spectral mapping of samples at micron spatial resolution. The performance of the instrument and its ability to perform both lateral and depth scans of the acoustic phonon velocity and, hence, the longitudinal modulus across bonded polymer/polymer and polymer/ceramic interfaces are illustrated and discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Maguire, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.maguire@wpafb.af.mil RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 016106 DI 10.1063/1.2431181 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300057 PM 17503955 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Ehrenreich, T Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Ehrenreich, Thomas Knize, Randall J. BE Derbov, VL Melnikov, LA Babkov, LM TI Optically pumped alkali lasers SO SARATOV FALL MEETING 2006: LASER PHYSICS AND PHOTONICS, SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR MODELING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Saratov Fall Meeting CY SEP 26-29, 2006 CL Saratov, RUSSIA SP Saratov State Univ, N G Chernysheevsky, Russian Acad Sci, Inst Precis Mech & Control, CRDF & Russian Minist Educ & Sci Res Educ Ctr Nonlinear Dynam & Biophys, Volga Reg Ctr New Informat Technol, Russian Fdn Basic Res, SPIE Russia Chapter, Saratov State Univ, SPIE Student Chapter, US Civilian Res & Dev Fdn Independent States Former Soviet Union, Almust Ltd, Erudite-96 Ltd DE alkali lasers; diode pump; high power lasers ID DIODE-ARRAY; VAPOR LASER; CS; REDUCTION; RB AB Optically pumped alkali vapor lasers have been developed during last several years. Efficient operation of Cesium, Rubidium and Potassium vapor lasers has been demonstrated. Laser slope efficiencies higher than 80% have been achieved. In this paper we present the latest achievements in this field, discuss the main directions and problems in high power alkali lasers development and possible solutions of these problems. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6659-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6537 AR 653702 DI 10.1117/12.753906 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Mathematics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGR72 UT WOS:000250109700001 ER PT S AU Mabry, JM Vij, A Viers, BD Grabow, WW Marchant, D Iacono, ST Ruth, PN Vij, I AF Mabry, Joseph M. Vij, Ashwani Viers, Brent D. Grabow, Wade W. Marchant, Darrell Iacono, Scott T. Ruth, Patrick N. Vij, Isha BE Clarson, SJ Fitzgerald, JJ Owen, MJ Smith, SD VanDyke, ME TI Hydrophobic Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Surfaces SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SILICONES AND SILICONE-MODIFIED MATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials Symposium held at the 2004 ACS National Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; POLYMER BLENDS; COPOLYMER AB Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric. Silsesquioxanes are hydrophobic nanoparticles. One compound, FD8T8, is ultrahydrophobic, possessing a water contact angle of 154 degrees. This is believed to be the most hydrophobic and lowest surface tension crystalline substance known. Analysis of the x-ray crystal structure indicates a large number of Si center dot center dot center dot F contacts may lead to ultrahydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) nanocomposites also increases with the incorporation of FluoroPOSS and will be discussed. C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.; Vij, Ashwani; Viers, Brent D.; Grabow, Wade W.; Marchant, Darrell; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Mabry, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3943-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2007 VL 964 BP 290 EP 300 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BMW86 UT WOS:000273771900018 ER PT S AU Arritt, BJ Klimcak, C Pollard, E Dumm, HP Murphey, T AF Arritt, Brandon J. Klimcak, Charles Pollard, Eric Dumm, Hans-Peter Murphey, Thomas BE Peters, KJ TI Shape determination of large deployable space structures, through the use of fiber-optics, with integrated fiber-bragg's gratings - art. no. 653016 SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE fiber optics; fiber-bragg; space structures; metrology; deployable; large apertures AB The Department of Defense is pursuing efforts to develop ever larger space-based apertures in an attempt to provide better imagery and intelligence for national defense purposes. Unfortunately, due to their shear enormity, many of these apertures will experience displacements and kinematics that work to degrade the resolution of incoming images. Currently, there are multiple efforts to develop software-based compensation schemes, to "clean up the image;" however, these schemes rely on high precision metrology systems to provide accurate information regarding the shape and dynamics of the structure. This paper details a collaborative effort, between the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS), the Aerospace Corporation, CSA Engineering, and Jackson and Tull Engineering, conducted to assess the potential of using a fiber-Bragg's system for the metrology of large, space-based apertures. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP 53016 EP 53016 AR 653016 DI 10.1117/12.714130 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200038 ER PT S AU Martin, SA Blackshire, JL AF Martin, Steven A. Blackshire, James L. BE Peters, KJ TI Effect of adhesive properties on elastic wave generation by bonded sensors - art. no. 65300J SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE structural health monitoring; bonded sensors; survivability; elastic wave AB Surface bonded sensors have significant potential for detecting and characterizing damage in legacy aircraft structures as part of a Structural Health Monitoring system. In this effort, research has been undertaken to understand the impact of adhesive viscoelastic properties on the generation of elastic wave energy by surface-bonded sensors in thin plates. Previous work has shown that bonded sensors can degrade and fail due to exposure to weather, vibration, temperature, and mechanical loading. In that work, experimental and analytical studies were performed to characterize the transfer of static load from a structure into a surface-bonded sensor. The results indicated that the sensor should be decoupled from the nearly static loading induced from the structure to improve its durability. In this effort, we build on that original work to determine what effect the adhesive has on elastic wave generation and reception in the host structure. The results indicate that strong coupling with the structure is required for effective generation and reception of elastic waves, where the elastic material properties of the sensor, bond, and host structure were considered. Although the two goals appear to be contradictory (sensor durability and elastic wave generation), the use of a strongly viscoelastic adhesive is viewed as potential solution for both by allowing weak coupling at low frequencies and strong coupling at high frequencies. C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, SA (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP J5300 EP J5300 AR 65300J DI 10.1117/12.715312 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200018 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Martin, SA Na, JK AF Blackshire, James L. Martin, Steven A. Na, Jeong K. BE Peters, KJ TI Disbonding effects on elastic wave generation and reception by bonded piezoelectric sensor systems - art. no. 65300L SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE structural health monitoring; bonded sensors; durability; elastic waves AB Durable integrated sensor systems are needed for long-term health monitoring evaluations of aerospace systems. For legacy aircraft the primary means of implementing a sensor system will be through surface mounting or bonding of the sensors to the structure. Previous work has shown that the performance of surface-bonded piezo sensors can degrade due to environmental effects such as vibrations, temperature fluctuations, and substrate flexure motions. This performance degradation included sensor cracking, disbonding, and general loss of efficiency over time. In this research effort, the bonding state of a piezo sensor system was systematically studied to understand and improve the long-term durability and survivability of the sensor system. Analytic and computational models were developed and used to understand elastic wave generation and reception performance for various states of sensor disbond. Experimental studies were also conducted using scanning laser vibrometry, pitch-catch ultrasound, and pulse-echo ultrasound methods to understand elastic wave propagation effects in thin plate materials. Significant performance loss was observed for increasing levels of sensor disbond as well as characteristic frequency signatures which may be useful in understanding sensor performance levels for future structural health monitoring systems. C1 AF Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP L5300 EP L5300 AR 65300L DI 10.1117/12.715760 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200020 ER PT S AU Kuhr, SJ Blackshire, JL AF Kuhr, Samuel J. Blackshire, James L. BE Peters, KJ TI Quantification of impact damage in CMC thermal protection systems using thin-film piezoelectric sensors - art. no. 65300Q SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE thermal protection systems; ceramic matrix composite; thin-film sensors ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; PVDF; FLUORIDE; SIGNALS AB Thermal protection systems (TPS) are frequently subjected to impacts from micrometeoroids and ground handling during refurbishment. The damage resulting from such impacts can greatly reduce the vehicle's overall ability to resist extreme temperatures. Therefore, it is essential to have a reliable method to detect and quantify the damage resulting from impacts. In this effort, the effectiveness of lightweight thin film piezoelectric sensors was evaluated for impact detection and quantification in CMC wrapped TPS. The sensors, which were adhered to the bottom of the TPS tile, were used to sense impact events occur-ring on the top of the tile, with the ultimate goal of quantifying the level of impact level and damage state based on the sensed signals. A reasonable correlation between impact load levels and sensed response were observed for load levels between 0.07 - 1.00 Joules. An increase in signal frequency content was also observed as impact levels were increased, with specific frequency bands occur-ring in the 2 - 16 kHz range. A preliminary nondestructive evaluation of the impact damage sites was also accomplished, where a reasonable correlation between the gross damage features (i.e. impact crater dimensions) and signal response was observed. C1 AF Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kuhr, SJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP Q5300 EP Q5300 AR 65300Q DI 10.1117/12.715297 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200024 ER PT S AU Martin, SA Jata, KV AF Martin, Steven A. Jata, Kumar V. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI FEM Modeling of guided wave behavior in integrally stiffened plate structures SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE finite element simulation; integrally stiffened plate; ultrasonics; bonded transducer; Structural Health Monitoring AB Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies, which use integrated sensing for damage detection, are expected to improve system reliability, availability, and operational cost. Guided waves can propagate great distances while experiencing low attenuation. They have been successfully used for damage detection in structures of relatively low geometric complexity such as plates and cylindrical pipes. The use of guided waves for this purpose becomes increasingly difficult as the geometric complexity of the structure increases. Aerospace structural components such as fuel tanks, wings, etc. often are comprised of substructures that consist of plates with integral stiffeners. This work reports on finite element simulations of guided waves in integrally stiffened plate structures. In these studies, the guided waves are generated by PZT wafer-type transducers mounted on the structure. Transient dynamic finite element simulations using PZFlex, in 2D and in 3D, were used to model both the structure and transducers. The interaction of the guided waves with cracks, simulated by notches of varying dimensions, is also modeled. This allows appraisal of the sensitivity of various modes for crack detection by providing insight into mode conversion and scattering resulting from the guided wave and crack interaction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, NDE Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, NDE Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U313 EP U323 DI 10.1117/12.715315 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000029 ER PT S AU Lundin, MA Bohn, MJ AF Lundin, Michael A. Bohn, Matthew J. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI Remote sensing phase fluorimetry using mercury vapor lamp - art. no. 655502-1 SO Sensors and Systems for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE phase fluorimetry; remote sensing ID FLUORESCENCE AB Phase Fluorimetry, or Frequency Domain (FD) Fluorimetry, capitalizes on the phase delay from excitation modulation of fluorescent media and offers independence from light scatter and excitation/emission intensity variations in order to extract the sample's fluorescent lifetime. Samples which fluoresce in the UV are commonly excited with UV laser sources, which are not necessarily high power, portable devices. Mercury vapor lamps, a common source of industrial facility lighting, emit wavelengths (365 nm, 405 nm, and 436 nm) that overlap the UV/blue spectrum and may be used as an efficient and portable excitation source. Mercury vapor lamps show strong peak intensities at 120 Hz and higher harmonics, due to the modulation of facility power at 60 Hz in the United States. For this research effort, single exponential decay will be assumed and lifetime calculation will be performed by least squares analysis with corrections made for lamp intensity variations at the harmonics of facility power. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bohn, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6677-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6555 BP IX EP + AR 655502-1 DI 10.1117/12.718606 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGK28 UT WOS:000247903100001 ER PT J AU Blackwell, C Palazotto, A George, TJ Cross, CJ AF Blackwell, Christopher Palazotto, Anthony George, Tommy J. Cross, Charles J. TI The evaluation of the damping characteristics of a hard coating on titanium SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB Engine failures due to fatigue have cost the Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades. Damping treatments capable of reducing the internal stresses of fan and turbine blades to levels where fatigue is less likely to occur have the potential for reducing cost while enhancing reliability. This research evaluates the damping characteristics of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO+Al2O3, (mag spinel) on titanium plates from an experimental point of view. The material and aspect ratio were chosen to approximate the low aspect ratio blades found in military gas turbine fans. In the past, work has generally been performed on cantilever supported beams, and thus the two-dimensional features of damping were lost. In this study plates were tested with a cantilevered boundary condition, using electrodynamic shaker excitation. The effective test area of each specimen was 4.5 in x 4.5 in. The nominal plate thickness was 0.125 in. Mag spinel was applied to both sides of the plate, at a thickness of 0.01 in, and damping tests were run at room temperature. The effect of the coating was evaluated at the 2nd bending mode (mode 3) and the chord wise bending mode (mode 4). A scanning laser vibrometer revealed the frequency and shape of each mode for the plates. Sine sweeps were used to characterize the damping of the coated and uncoated specimens for the modes tested. The coating increased damping nonlinearly for both modes tested in which the general outcome was similar to that found in beams. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Anthony.Palazotto@afit.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 138OC UT WOS:000244371000004 ER PT J AU Torvik, PJ Runyon, B AF Torvik, Peter J. Runyon, Brian TI Modifications to the method of modal strain energy for improved estimates of loss factors for damped structures SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Damping; modal strain energy; modal loss factors ID VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS; VIBRATION AB The method of Modal Strain Energy (MSE) enables predictions of modal loss factors for vibrating systems from finite element analyses without evaluation of a complex-valued frequency response or a complex-valued frequency. While the method is simple, some error results; especially if the dissipative material has the high loss factor characteristic of materials added to increase system damping. Several methods for reducing this error through modifications to MSE have been suggested. In this work, the exact loss factor for a simple mechanical system is found. The method of Modal Strain Energy (MSE) is then used to find the loss factor for that prototype system and errors are evaluated in terms of system parameters. Comparisons are also made to predictions with several modifications to MSE. A modification due to Rongong is found to provide significant improvement. The use of this modification together with MSE is shown to lead to lower and upper bounds for the system loss factor. As the prototype system is shown to be mechanically equivalent to constrained layer damping configurations, the findings are applicable to the analysis and design of optimized sandwich beams, plates, and damping tapes. Results are given for beams and plates with constrained layer treatments. C1 Univ Technol Incorp, Air Force Inst Technol, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL PRTS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Torvik, PJ (reprint author), Univ Technol Incorp, Air Force Inst Technol, 1866 Winchester Rd, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. EM Torvik@att.net NR 19 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 339 EP 353 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 207LA UT WOS:000249251400003 ER PT S AU Ferranti, L Jordan, JL Dick, RD Thadhani, NN AF Ferranti, Louis, Jr. Jordan, Jennifer L. Dick, Richard D. Thadhani, Naresh N. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock Hugoniot behavior of particle reinforced polymer composites SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE equation of state; aluminum-iron oxide; epoxy AB The shock Hugoniot of polymers is known to exhibit a non-linear Us-Up relationship at relatively low pressures and commonly displays a concave curvature with an initially rapid shock velocity. However, the experimentally measured shock Hugoniot of particle reinforced composites shows an opposite effect displaying a convex curvature with an initially rapid change in particle velocity. Transformation to pressure-volume space shows an initial expansion that is not related to a low-pressure phase change or reaction. In contrast, the volume expansion is connected to decohesion of solid particles from the polymer matrix. Equation of state experiments conducted for epoxy-east Al+Fe2O3 composites show deviation from ideal Hugoniot behavior as a result of damage evolving at a critical impact stress. Two compositions prepared with significantly different volume fractions of the binder phase show damage occurring at approximately the same critical impact stress. The Burch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM-EOS) is used to characterize the composite's compressibility and identify the magnitude of the critical damage stress. C1 [Ferranti, Louis, Jr.; Thadhani, Naresh N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jordan, Jennifer L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFKL MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. [Dick, Richard D.] Shocks Unltd, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ferranti, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM louis.ferranti@mse.gatech.edu; jennifer.Jordan@eglin.af.mil; naresh.thadhani@mse.gatech.edu OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 FU AFOSRMURI [F49620-02-I-0382]; graduate research internship through EGLIN-AFRL/MNME [F08630-03-C-00I] FX Fimding was provided in part by an AFOSRMURI grant (No. F49620-02-I-0382); and by a graduate research internship (L. Ferranti) through EGLIN-AFRL/MNME (No. F08630-03-C-00I). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500028 ER PT S AU Donahue, L Ripley, RC Horie, Y Jenkins, CM Zhane, F AF Donahue, L. Ripley, R. C. Horie, Y. Jenkins, C. M. Zhane, F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Cylindrical explosive dispersal of metal particles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE multiphase flow; RDX; tungsten; particle dispersal; heterogeneous explosive AB The explosive dispersal of densely-packed metal particles in cylindrical RDX-based charges is studied numerically in support of experimental trials. Simulations are conducted using a reactive multiphase fluid dynamic code. Spherical tungsten particles are applied in high metal mass fraction cylindrical and spherical charges in two configurations: a particle matrix uniformly embedded in a solid explosive versus an annular shell of particles surrounding a high-explosive core. The effect of particle number density is investigated by varying the nominal particle diameter from 27 to 120 om while maintaining a constant metal mass fraction. Results are compared with steel particles to evaluate the influence of material density on dispersal. The dispersal dynamics are recorded on wave diagrams and are observed at radial locations in terms of arrival time, velocity and particle concentration. C1 [Donahue, L.; Ripley, R. C.] Martec Ltd, Suite 400-1888 Brunswick St, Halifax, NS B3J 3J8, Canada. [Horie, Y.; Jenkins, C. M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Zhane, F.] Defence R & D Canada Suffield, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada. RP Donahue, L (reprint author), Martec Ltd, Suite 400-1888 Brunswick St, Halifax, NS B3J 3J8, Canada. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550- 06-1-0551] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550- 06-1-0551. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 365 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500085 ER PT S AU Flater, PJ House, JW O'Brien, JM Hosford, WF AF Flater, P. J. House, J. W. O'Brien, J. M. Hosford, W. F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI High strain-rate properties of tantalum processed by equal channel angular pressing SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE tantalum; Taylor impact; ECAP; ECAE AB Current ingot refinement and solidification techniques used in tantalum processing often result in inconsistent mechanical properties. Subsequent processing by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been shown to reduce or eliminate internal structural variations as well as part-to-part variability [2]. This paper presents the effects of ECAP processing on the properties of tantalum. The materials of interest are 2.5-inch round bar tantalum supplied by H.C. Starck and Cabot Supermetals. Three metallurgical conditions were examined for each material: as worked, fine-grain annealed, and large-grain annealed. Prior to annealing, each bar was processed eight times through a 135-degree ECAP die using route C (billet rotated 180 degrees between passes) and then forged into 0.25-inch thick plates. Mechanical property specimens were subsequently removed from the plates for low and high-rate uniaxial compression experiments. Orientation dependence was characterized by orienting specimen load axes through the thickness or in the plane of the forged plate. Wave propagation and anisotropy were studied using Taylor impact experiments. C1 [Flater, P. J.; House, J. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Flater, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM philip.flater@eglin.af.mil FU SBIR [FO8651-02-C-0023]; US Air Force Research Laboratory's, Munitions Directorate FX Portions of this research were funded under SBIR contract FO8651-02-C-0023. The authors acknowledge the support of the US Air Force Research Laboratory's, Munitions Directorate, and the contribution made by employees of InDyne Inc. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 517 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500122 ER PT S AU Rumchik, CG Jordan, JL AF Rumchik, C. G. Jordan, J. L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of aluminum particle size on the high strain rate properties of pressed aluminized explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE aluminized explosives; aluminum particle size; high strain rate testing; split Hopkinson pressure bar AB High strain rate mechanical properties of explosives are important since these materials see extreme loading environments. Previous studies have shown that decreasing the particle size of the explosive crystals in a polymer bonded explosive (PBX) can increase the strength. In this study, pressed explosives were prepared with varying aluminum particle size (from 50 nm to 30+ mu m), particle shape (flake or spherical), and volume fraction in order to investigate the effect of aluminum particle size and morphology on the compressive stress-strain behavior of the material. The paper presents the results of high strain rate measurements, utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar, on the range of PBX formulations. C1 [Rumchik, C. G.; Jordan, J. L.] USAF, Res Lab, MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Rumchik, CG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500188 ER PT B AU Carlisle, MC Baird, LC AF Carlisle, Martin C. Baird, Leemon C., III GP ACM TI Timing Neural Networks in C and Ada SO SIGADA'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM SIGADA ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference (SIGAda 07) CY NOV 04-09, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA SP ACM SIGAda DE Ada; C; Neural Networks; Benchmarking AB In this paper, we describe a neural network program that was originally developed in C, then ported to Ada 2005. We explain several simple modifications to the Ada code that reduce the overhead from 76% to 0%. These modifications could provide significant performance gains to other applications, allowing them to combine the safety of Ada with the speed of C. C1 [Carlisle, Martin C.; Baird, Leemon C., III] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carlisle, MC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carlislem@acm.org; leemon@leemon.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-876-3 PY 2007 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJI01 UT WOS:000266032300008 ER PT B AU Schweitzer, D Brown, W AF Schweitzer, Dino Brown, Wayne GP ACM TI Interactive Visualization for the Active Learning Classroom SO SIGCSE 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH SIGCSE TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 07-10, 2007 CL Covington, KY SP Special Interest Grp Comp Educ, ACM DE Active Learning; Collaborative Learning; Visualization AB Engaging students in the learning process has been shown to be an effective means for education. Several methods have been proposed to achieve this engagement for computer science and other disciplines. Active learning is one such technique that incorporates interactive classroom activities to reinforce concepts and involve the students. Visualizations of computer science concepts such as algorithm animations can be used for these activities. To be most effective in this environment, they need to be designed and used with active learning in mind. This paper describes the design characteristics of such visualizations, ways of using them in the classroom, and our experience with developing and using visualization tools across different courses in the computer science curriculum. C1 [Schweitzer, Dino; Brown, Wayne] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dino.schweitzer@usafa.af.mil; wayne.brown@usafa.af.mil NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-361-4 PY 2007 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJS08 UT WOS:000267059300049 ER PT S AU Blackburn, J Mendenhall, M Rice, A Shelnutt, P Soliman, N Vasquez, J AF Blackburn, Joshua Mendenhall, Michael Rice, Andrew Shelnutt, Paul Soliman, Neil Vasquez, Juan BE Drummond, OE Teichgraeber, RD TI Feature aided tracking with hyperspectral imagery - art. no. 66990S SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE feature aided tracking; hyperspectral imagery; classification; association ID LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION AB Target tracking in an urban environment presents a wealth of ambiguous tracking scenarios that cause a kinematic-only tracker to fail. Partial or full occlusions in areas of tall buildings are particularly problematic as there is often no way to correctly identify the target with only kinematic information. Feature aided tracking attempts to resolve problems with a kinematic-only tracker by extracting features from the data. In the case of panchromatic video, the features are often histograms, the same is true for color video data. In the case where tracks are uniquely different colors, more typical feature aided trackers may perform well. However, a typical urban setting has similar size, shape, and color tracks, and more typical feature aided trackers have no hopes in resolving many of the ambiguities we face. We present a novel feature aided tracking algorithm combining two-sensor modes: panchromatic video data and hyperspectral imagery. The hyperspectral data is used to provide a unique fingerprint for each target of interest where that fingerprint is the set of features used in our feature aided tracker. Results indicate an impressive 19% gain in correct track ID with our hyperspectral feature aided tracker compared to the baseline performance with a kinematic-only tracker. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackburn, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6847-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6699 BP S6990 EP S6990 AR 66990S DI 10.1117/12.734937 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGV63 UT WOS:000250805500023 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Kadar, I Hintz, K Biermann, J Chong, CY Salerno, J Das, S AF Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan Hintz, Kenneth Biermann, Joachim Chong, Chee-Yee Salerno, John Das, Subrata BE Kadar, I TI Issues and Challenges in Resource Management and its interaction with levels 2/3 fusion with applications to real-world problems: an Annotated Perspective - art. no. 656712 SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE information fusion; sensor management; situation/impact assessment; user refinement AB Resource management (or process refinement) is critical for information fusion operations in that users, sensors, and platforms need to be informed, based on mission needs, on how to collect, process, and exploit data. To meet these growing concerns, a panel session was conducted at the International Society of Information Fusion Conference in 2006 to discuss the various issues surrounding the interaction of Resource Management with Level 2/3 Situation and Threat Assessment. This paper briefly consolidates the-discussion of the invited panel panelists. The common themes include: (1) Addressing the user in system management, sensor control, and knowledge based information collection; (2) Determining a standard set of fusion metrics for optimization and evaluation based on the application; (3) Allowing dynamic and adaptive updating to deliver timely information needs and information rates; (4) Optimizing the joint objective functions at all information fusion levels based on decision-theoretic analysis; (5) Providing constraints from distributed resource mission planning and scheduling; and (6) Defining L2/3 situation entity definitions for knowledge discovery, modeling, and information projection. C1 AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6689-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6567 BP 56712 EP 56712 AR 656712 DI 10.1117/12.719613 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000248405800040 ER PT S AU Ross, TD Morgan, DR Blasch, EP Erickson, KJ Kahler, BD AF Ross, Timothy D. Morgan, Doug R. Blasch, Erik P. Erickson, Kyle J. Kahler, Bart D. BE Kadar, I TI Survey of approaches and experiments in decision-level fusion of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) products - art. no. 65670V SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is exploring the decision-level fusion (DLF) trade space in the Fusion for Identifying Targets Experiment (FITE) program. FITE is surveying past DLF approaches and experiments. This paper reports preliminary findings from that survey, which ultimately plans to place the various studies in a common framework, identify trends, and make recommendations on the additional studies that would best inform the trade space of how to fuse ATR products and how ATR products should be improved to support fusion. We tentatively conclude that DLF is better at rejecting incorrect decisions than in adding correct decisions, a larger ATR library is better (for a constant Pid), a better source ATR has many mild attractors rather than a few large attractors, and fusion will be more beneficial when there are no dominant sources. Dependencies between the sources diminish performance, even when that dependency is well modeled. However, poor models of dependencies do not significantly further diminish performance. Distributed fusion is not driven by performance, so centralized fusion is an appropriate focus for FITE. For multi-ATR fusion, the degree of improvement may depend on the participating ATRs having different OC sensitivities. The machine learning literature is an especially rich source for the impact of imperfect (learned in their case) models. Finally and perhaps most significantly, even with perfect models and independence, the DLF gain may be quite modest and it may be fairly easy to check whether the best possible performance is good enough for a given application. C1 AFRL, SNAR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), AFRL, SNAR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6689-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6567 BP V5670 EP V5670 AR 65670V DI 10.1117/12.719803 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000248405800034 ER PT S AU Oxley, ME Thorsen, SN Schubert, CM AF Oxley, Mark E. Thorsen, Steven N. Schubert, Christine M. BE Kadar, I TI ROC curve formulas for fused correlated classification systems - art. no. 65670W SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE classifier fusion; evaluation; ROC curve; correlation; covariance ID CLASSIFIERS AB The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve can be used to quantify the performance of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems. When multiple classification systems are fused, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC curves for each of these classification systems into one fused ROC curve. However, correlation may exist between the classification systems and the outcomes used to generate each ROC curve. This paper will demonstrate a method for creating a ROC curve of the fused classification systems which incorporates the correlation that exists between the individual classification systems. Specifically, we will use the derived covariance between multiple classification systems to compute the existing correlation and thus the level of dependence between pairs of classification systems. Then, given a fusion rule, two systems, and the correlation between them, the ROC curve for the fused system is produced. We generate the formula for the Boolean OR and AND rules, giving the resultant ROC curve for the fused system. This paper extends our previous work in which bounds for the ROC curve of the fused, correlated classification systems were C1 USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6689-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6567 BP W5670 EP W5670 AR 65670W DI 10.1117/12.718777 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000248405800035 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Hull, BA Heath, B Husna, F Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Scofield, J AF Ryu, Sei-Hyung Krishnaswami, Sumi Hull, Brett A. Heath, Bradley Husna, Fatima Richmond, James Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John Scofield, James BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI A comparison of high temperature performance of SiC DMOSFETs and JFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE high temperature; high voltage; MOSFET; JFET AB High temperature characteristics of 4H-SiC power JFETs and DMOSFETs are presented in this paper. Both devices are based on pn junctions in 4H-SiC, and are capable of 300 degrees C operation. The 4H-SiC NET showed very predictable, well understood temperature dependent characteristics, because the current conduction depends on the drift of electrons in the bulk region, which is not restricted by traps in the MOS interface or at the pn junctions. On the other hand, in a 4H-SiC DMOSFET, electrons must flow through the MOS inversion layer with a very high interface state density. At high temperatures, the transconductance of the device improves and threshold voltage shifts negative because less electrons are trapped in the interface states, resulting in a much lower MOS channel resistance. This cancels out the increase in drift layer resistance, and as a result, a temperature insensitive on-resistance can be demonstrated. The performance of the two devices are compared, and a discussion of issues for their high temperature application is presented. C1 [Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Krishnaswami, Sumi; Hull, Brett A.; Heath, Bradley; Husna, Fatima; Richmond, James; Agarwal, Anant; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Scofield, James] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU AFRL [F33615-01-C-2188, FA8650-04-2-2410] FX This work was supported by AFRL contract # F33615-01-C-2188 and AFRL TIA # FA8650-04-2-2410, monitored by Dr. J. Scofield. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 775 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900184 ER PT S AU Scofield, J Kosai, H Jordan, B Ryud, SH Krishnaswami, S Husna, F Agarwal, A AF Scofield, James Kosai, Hiroyuki Jordan, Brett Ryud, Sei-Hyung Krishnaswami, Sumi Husna, Fatima Agarwal, Anant BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI High temperature DC-DC converter performance comparison using SiC JFETs, BJTs and Si MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE converter; high temperature; JFET; BJT; DC-DC AB The performance and characterization of SiC JFETs and BJTs, used as inverter switching devices, in a 2 kW, high temperature, 33 kHz, 270-28 V DC-DC converter has been accomplished. SiC and Si power devices were characterized in a phase shifted H-bridge converter topology utilizing novel high temperature powdered ferrite transformer material, high temperature ceramic filter capacitors, SiC rectifiers, and 10 oz. 220 degrees C polyimide printed circuit boards. The SiC devices were observed to provide excellent static and dynamic characteristics at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. SiC JFETs were seen to exhibit on-resistance trends consistent with temperature-mobility kinetics and temperature invariant dynamic loss characteristics. SiC BJTs exhibited positive temperature coefficients (TCE) Of V-CE and negative beta TCEs, with only a 2-fold increase in on-resistance at 300 degrees C. Both SiC power devices possessed fast inductive switching characteristics with tau(on) and tau(off) similar to 100-150 ns when driving the transformer load. The SiC converter characteristics were compared to Si-MOSFET H-bridge operation, over its functional temperature range (30-230 degrees C), and highlights the superiority of SiC device technology for extreme environment power applications. C1 [Scofield, James; Kosai, Hiroyuki; Jordan, Brett] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryud, Sei-Hyung; Krishnaswami, Sumi; Husna, Fatima; Agarwal, Anant] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Scofield, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil; hirouki.kosai@wpafb.af.mil; brett.jordan@wpafb.af.mil; SeiHyung_Ryu@cree.com; sumi_krishnaswami@cree.com; Fatima_husna@cree.com; anant_agarwal@cree.com NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 991 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900236 ER PT B AU Brault, GJ Augeri, CJ Mullins, BE Baldwin, RO Mayer, CB AF Brault, Gregory J. Augeri, Christopher J. Mullins, Barry E. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mayer, Christopher B. TI Enabling skip graphs to process K-Dimensional range queries in a mobile sensor network SO SIXTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORK COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications CY JUL 12-14, 2007 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCDP, Akamai AB A skip graph is a resilient application-layer routing structure that supports range queries of distributed k-dimensional data By sorting deterministic keys into groups based on locally computed random membership vectors, nodes in a standard skip graph can optimize range query performance in mobile networks such as unmanned aerial vehicle swarms. We propose a skip graph extension that inverts the key and membership vector roles and bases group membership on deterministic vectors derived from the z-ordering of k-dimensional data and sorting within groups is based on locally computed random keys. C1 [Brault, Gregory J.; Augeri, Christopher J.; Mullins, Barry E.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mayer, Christopher B.] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brault, GJ (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Brault@lacklandaf.mil; Chris.Augeri@afit.edu; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu; Rusty.Baldwin@afit.edu; Chris.Mayer@afit.edu FU Air Force Communications Agency FX This work is supported in part by the Air Force Communications Agency. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2922-6 PY 2007 BP 273 EP + DI 10.1109/NCA.2007.18 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGN73 UT WOS:000248837700034 ER PT J AU Pinchak, A Kaidasz, J Dyche, Y AF Pinchak, A. Kaidasz, J. Dyche, Y. TI Cognitive performance and sleep in air force academy cadets and officers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 1112 BP A382 EP A382 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224901113 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Farmer, B. L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Correlation of the beta-sheet crystal size in silk fibers with the protein amino acid sequence SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPIDER DRAGLINE SILK; MAJOR AMPULLATE SILK; BOMBYX-MORI; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FIBROIN; POLYMER; MORPHOLOGY; FILAMENT; MODEL AB Low voltage transmission electron microscopy (LVTEM) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) are used to independently determine the size of the beta-sheet crystalline regions in Bombyx mori silk fibers. The peak in the size distributions of the major and minor axes of the anisotropic crystallites measured from the LVTEM images compare well with the average sizes as determined by Scherrer analysis of the X-ray fiber diagrams. These values are then discussed in the context of the B. mori fibroin heavy chain amino acid sequence, and the underlying mechanism for the organism's control on fiber crystallite size, and therefore mechanical properties, is proposed. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1039/b701220a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 180ME UT WOS:000247367400012 ER PT S AU Reitz, TL Xiao, H Rottmayer, M Seibert, T AF Reitz, T. L. Xiao, H. Rottmayer, M. Seibert, T. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI An Aging Study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Intermediate Temperature Operation SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc ID POLARIZATION; ELECTRODE; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERFACE AB The longevity performance of a tape cast solid oxide fuel cell using a LSM-based cathode was studied for 500 hours at various power densities. Polarization experiments indicated an enhancement in performance during the long term polarization. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. (EIS) experiments were used to deconvolute the component impedances in the cell. The EIS data indicated that the vast majority of cell activation was associated with a single semi-circular feature which occurred in the low frequency region. Additional experiments were performed to attempt to assign specific electrode processes to corresponding semicircular features in the EIS spectra. These data suggest that steady polarization of the cell results in a gradual increase in cell performance which can be attributed to a ripening of the LSM-based cathode. C1 [Reitz, T. L.; Rottmayer, M.; Seibert, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reitz, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1149/1.2729154 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900089 ER PT S AU Schepler, KL AF Schepler, Kenneth L. BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI Mid-IR transition metal lasers - art. no. 64510K SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE transition metal lasers; infrared; chromium; solid-state; chalcogenide ID MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; CR2+-ZNSE LASER; CO-MGF2 LASER; FE-ZNSE; EFFICIENT; EMISSION; MGF2; SPECTROSCOPY AB Transition metal ions have been of great interest from the beginning of laser development because of their broadband emission. The first demonstration of a transition metal laser used Ni2+ as the active ion in 1963. Other transition metal ions such as Co2+ have also been developed as lasers but low cross sections and the need for cryogenic cooling to lachieve high efficiency hindered their transition from discovery to applications. The 1995 innovation of pairing Cr2+ with a host that has tetrahedral symmetry substitution sites led to demonstration of broadly tunable, room temperature, mid-IR lasers. Progress in advancing this class of transition metal laser to output power of 18 W, tuning range to several hundred nanometers, and modelocked operation down to 100 fsec will be reviewed. Plans for future development in the areas of femtosecond pulse operation, high speed frequency tuning, fiber format, and direct electronic pumping will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schepler, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP K4510 EP K4510 AR 64510K DI 10.1117/12.718291 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600017 ER PT S AU Shay, TM Benham, V Baker, JT Sanchez, AD Pilkington, D Nelson, DJ Lu, CA AF Shay, T. M. Benham, Vincent Baker, J. T. Sanchez, Anthony D. Pilkington, D. Nelson, Douglas J. Lu, Chunte A. BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI Narrow linewidth coherent beam combining of optical fiber amplifier arrays - art. no. 64511N SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID LASER ARRAY; PHASE AB The first theory for two novel coherent beam combination architectures that are the first electronic beam combination architectures that completely eliminate the need for a separate reference beam are presented. Experimental results demonstrating the coherent addition of a 3 by 3 array of fiber amplifiers with a total phase locked power of 100-W are also described. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP N4511 EP N4511 AR 64511N DI 10.1117/12.714639 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600047 ER PT S AU Jorris, TR Cobb, RG AF Jorris, Timothy R. Cobb, Richard G. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI 2-D trajectory optimization satisfying waypoints and no-fly zone constraints SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Minimum time to target is one of the primary goals of a Global Strike mission. The Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle and the Common Aero Vehicle are both being investigated for mission effectiveness. Additional mission objectives include passage through intermediate waypoints and avoidance of no-fly zones. Due to the hypersonic velocity, the turn radii are significant compared to the overall range from initial point to the final target. The research herein demonstrates an analytical geometric trajectory optimization technique and compares it to dynamic optimization results for this class of vehicle. For the technique developed, the result converges to the optimal solution with less computational time and better assurance that a solution exists. A simple example is presented to demonstrate the technique. C1 [Jorris, Timothy R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jorris, TR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 245 EP 257 PN 1-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700014 ER PT S AU Irvin, DJ Cobb, RG AF Irvin, David J., Jr. Cobb, Richard G. BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Multiple leg fuel-optimal trajectories for hovering satellites SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A current problem of interest to satellite mission planners is the ability of a deputy satellite to "hover" within a defined volume fixed in the vicinity of a chief satellite for an extended period of time. Recent research(3,6) has developed initial methodologies for maintaining restricted tear drop hover orbits that exist in a plane fixed within the chief's local reference frame. These papers develop a method to utilize the natural drift of the deputy satellite in the relative frame and non-continuous thrust to keep the deputy in a bounded area relative to the chief but do not address fuel-optimality. Even more recent papers(5) have laid the foundation for finding these fuel-optimal paths and yielded solutions for single leg trajectories in the orbit plane of the chief. This research extends that work to multiple leg, fuel-optimal trajectories for true "hover" capability. C1 [Irvin, David J., Jr.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Irvin, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 1605 EP 1620 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412701026 ER PT S AU Suchomel, C Gaitonde, D AF Suchomel, Charles Gaitonde, Datta BE ElGenk, MS TI Local and system level considerations for plasma-based techniques in hypersonic flight SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE plasma flow control; system integration AB The harsh environment encountered due to hypersonic flight, particularly when air-breathing propulsion devices are utilized, poses daunting challenges to successful maturation of suitable technologies. This has spurred the quest for revolutionary solutions, particularly those exploiting the fact that air under these conditions can become electrically conducting either naturally or through artificial enhancement. Optimized development of such concepts must emphasize not only the detailed physics by which the fluid interacts with the imposed electromagnetic fields, but must also simultaneously identify system level issues integration and efficiencies that provide the greatest leverage. This paper presents some recent advances at both levels. At the system level, an analysis is summarized that incorporates the interdependencies occurring between weight, power and flow field performance improvements. Cruise performance: comparisons highlight how one drag reduction device interacts with the vehicle to improve range. Quantified parameter interactions allow specification of system requirements and energy consuming technologies that affect overall flight vehicle performance. Results based on on the fundamental physics are presented by distilling numerous computational studies into a few guiding principles. These highlight the complex non-intuitive relationships between the various fluid and electromagnetic fields, together with thermodynamic considerations. Generally, energy extraction is an efficient process, while the reverse is accompanied by significant dissipative heating and inefficiency. Velocity distortions can be detrimental to plasma operation, but can be exploited to tailor flows through innovative electromagnetic configurations. C1 [Suchomel, Charles; Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Suchomel, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Charles.Suchomel@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 995 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500110 ER PT S AU Gunzelmann, G Lyon, DR AF Gunzelmann, Glenn Lyon, Don R. BE Barkowsky, T Knauff, M Ligozat, G Montello, DR TI Mechanisms for human spatial competence SO SPATIAL COGNITION V: REASONING, ACTION, INTERACTION SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Spatial Cognition CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Bremen, GERMANY DE spatial cognition; cognitive architecture; computational model; frame of reference; vision; representation; mechanism; ACT-R ID VISUAL MENTAL-IMAGERY; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; WORKING-MEMORY; COGNITIVE MAPS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STATIC DISPLAYS; NAVIGATION; REPRESENTATIONS; HIPPOCAMPUS AB Research spanning decades has generated a long list of phenomena associated with human spatial information processing. Additionally, a number of theories have been proposed about the representation, organization and processing of spatial information by humans. This paper presents a broad account of human spatial competence, integrated with the ACT-R cognitive architecture. Using a cognitive architecture grounds the research in a validated theory of human cognition, enhancing the plausibility of the overall account. This work posits a close link of aspects of spatial information processing to vision and motor planning, and integrates theoretical perspectives that have been proposed over the history of research in this area. In addition, the account is supported by evidence from neuropsychological investigations of human spatial ability. The mechanisms provide a means of accounting for a broad range of phenomena described in the experimental literature. C1 [Gunzelmann, Glenn] USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lyon, Don R.] USAF, Res Lab, L3 Commun, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gunzelmann, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM glenn.gunzelmann@mesa.afmc.af.mil; don.lyon@mesa.afmc.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [02HE01COR] FX This work was supported by Grant #02HE01COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Motivation for the scope of the proposal has come from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA) Program on Biologically-Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA). This research has benefited from discussions with Kevin Gluck, Jerry Ball, Greg Trafton, and other members of the ACT-R community. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75665-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4387 BP 288 EP + PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BHF88 UT WOS:000252822700017 ER PT B AU Derriso, MM Olson, SE Desim, MP Pratt, DM AF Derriso, M. M. Olson, S. E. Desim, M. P. Pratt, D. M. BE Chang, FK TI Why are there few fielded SHM systems for aerospace structures? SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ ID HEALTH MONITORING METHODOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; NOVELTY DETECTION; AIRCRAFT AB Although the potential use of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems for aerospace structures has been investigated for more than a decade, few fielded applications of SHM systems exist for aerospace structures. The aim of this paper is to investigate the underlying reasons for such limited use. For SHM systems to be fielded there must be a business justification as well as technical feasibility. From a business standpoint, the benefits resulting from a SHM system must outweigh the costs associated with implementing such a system. The potential benefits are largely in the areas of improved maintenance and repair, and increased performance. Implementation costs include both financial costs, such as the costs associated with developing, installing, and operating a SHM system, as well as other costs such as added weight or power requirements. Studies of reusable launch vehicles have shown that the benefits of implementing a SHM system outweigh the costs. Similar justifications for other aerospace structures are discussed. Regarding technical feasibility, all issues related to system development, implementation, and operation must be addressed. Three fundamental challenges of SHM systems have been identified: (1) small-scale damage must be detected in relatively large-scale structures; (2) SHM systems must be developed from an unsupervised learning mode: and, (3) the robustness and redundancy of a SHM system must be ensured. The SHM community has made considerable efforts to address these challenges and examples are given from some recent work at the Air Force Research Laboratory and elsewhere. It should be noted that laboratory and academic successes predominantly still need to be transitioned to actual applications. Assuming the business and technical challenges can be overcome, likely near-term and far-term applications of SHM systems are discussed. Finally, conclusions are made to answer the question of why there are few fielded SHM systems for aerospace structures. C1 AF Res Lab, VASA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Derriso, MM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, VASA, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 44 EP 55 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290000004 ER EF