FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Murray, J Cowan, V Gonzalez, L Guha, S AF Murray, Joel Cowan, Vincent Gonzalez, Leonel Guha, Shekhar GP IEEE TI Temperature and wavelength dependence of the nonlinear optical parameters of InP SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ABSORPTION AB Values of the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction coefficients of InP were measured at different temperatures using picosecond and nanosecond durations lasers operating at 1064 nm and 1570 MM. C1 [Murray, Joel; Gonzalez, Leonel] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Cowan, Vincent] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect Opt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murray, J (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 294 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400148 ER PT B AU Schunemann, PG Zawilski, KT Pollak, TM Zelmon, DE Fernilius, NC Hopkins, FK AF Schunemann, Peter G. Zawilski, Kevin T. Pollak, Thomas M. Zelmon, David E. Fernilius, Nils C. Hopkins, F. Kenneth GP IEEE TI New mid-IR nonlinear optical crystal: CdSiP2 SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ZNGEP2 AB We report for the first time the phase matching properties of a new negative uniaxial crystal, CdSiP2, which can be pumped at 1 or 1.5 microns to generate mid-IR output in the 2-9 mu m spectral range. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Schunemann, Peter G.; Zawilski, Kevin T.; Pollak, Thomas M.] BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Zelmon, David E.; Fernilius, Nils C.; Hopkins, F. Kenneth] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com; David.Zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 306 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400154 ER PT B AU Rambo, P Schwarz, J Kimmel, M Atherton, B Bergstrom, A Flusche, B AF Rambo, Patrick Schwarz, Jens Kimmel, Mark Atherton, Briggs Bergstrom, Austin Flusche, Brian GP IEEE TI Development of high damage threshold apodizers for laser applications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Using laser ablation of a transmissive fused silica window, high damage threshold apodizers were produced in order to modify the spatial and amplitude profile of a high energy laser beam. C1 [Rambo, Patrick; Schwarz, Jens; Kimmel, Mark; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bergstrom, Austin; Flusche, Brian] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rambo, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM prambo@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04- 94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 654 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400328 ER PT B AU Usechak, NG Xin, Y Lester, LF Kane, DJ Kovanis, V AF Usechak, Nicholas G. Xin, Yongchun Lester, Luke F. Kane, Daniel J. Kovanis, Vassilios GP IEEE TI Modeling and Direct Electric-Field Measurements of Passively Mode-Locked Quantum-Dot Lasers SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID LOCKING AB A delay-differential equation model of a passively mode-locked quantum-dot laser reveals pulse asymmetry that is experimentally confirmed through direct electric-field measurements. This finding implies conventional autocorrelators obscure the underlying pulse structure. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xin, Yongchun; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Xin, Yongchun] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Semicond Solut, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. [Kane, Daniel J.] Southwest Sci Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Usechak, NG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.usechak@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) [FA8650-07-M1182]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Contract LRIR [09RY04COR] FX Manuscript received October 31, 2008; revised December 2, 2008. First published February 27, 2009; current version published June 5, 2009. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Number FA8650-07-M1182 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Contract LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 917 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400460 ER PT B AU Schaar, JE Vodopyanov, KL Kuo, PS Fejer, MM Lin, A Yu, X Harris, JS Bliss, D Lynch, C Kozlov, VG Hurlbut, WC AF Schaar, J. E. Vodopyanov, K. L. Kuo, P. S. Fejer, M. M. Lin, A. Yu, X. Harris, J. S. Bliss, D. Lynch, C. Kozlov, V. G. Hurlbut, W. C. GP IEEE TI Tunable THz Source Based on Intracavity Parametric Down-Conversion in Quasi-Phase-Matched GaAs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB We developed an efficient firequency-tunable THz source using intracavity mixing between the two resonant waves of a synchronously pumped doubly resonant OPO. Three types of quasi-phase-matched GaAs were utilized: optically contacted, orientation-patterned, and diffusion-bonded GaAs. (C)2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Schaar, J. E.; Vodopyanov, K. L.; Kuo, P. S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lin, A.; Yu, X.; Harris, J. S.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bliss, D.; Lynch, C.] US AF Base, US AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Kozlov, V. G.; Hurlbut, W. C.] Microtech Instruments Inc, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Schaar, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1459 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400732 ER PT B AU Lucht, RP Kinnius, PJ Roy, S Gord, JR AF Lucht, Robert P. Kinnius, Paul J. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Femtosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Measurement of Gas-Phase Species and Temperature SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID CARS AB The use of femtosecond lasers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements in gases is reviewed. Coupling of femtosecond laser radiation with gas-phase resonances, determination of temperature from frequency-spread dephasing, and single-shot measurements are discussed. C1 [Lucht, Robert P.; Kinnius, Paul J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Innovat Scientific Sol, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Propulsion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@purdue.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [F33615-03-D-2329]; National Science Foundation, Combustion and Plasmas Program [0413623-CTS]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-03ER15391] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager), and by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, under Contract No. F33615-03-D-2329, by the National Science Foundation, Combustion and Plasmas Program under Award Number 0413623-CTS, and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15391, NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1469 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400737 ER PT B AU Xue, L Brueck, SRJ Kaspi, R AF Xue, Liang Brueck, S. R. J. Kaspi, R. GP IEEE TI Large Tunability of an Optically Pumped Mid-IR Laser with Chirped Distributed-Feedback Grating SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB A CW, single-longitudinal-mode, optically pumped, type-II distributed-feedback laser at 4.3 mu m is reported. Tunabihty of 27 rum (14 cm(-1)) is obtained with the novel chirped grating design at a fixed temperature of 77 K. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Xue, Liang; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kaspi, R.] US Kirtland Air Force Base, US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Xue, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM xueliang@unm.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1758 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400882 ER PT B AU Knize, RJ Takekoshi, T AF Knize, R. J. Takekoshi, T. GP IEEE TI Optical Guiding of Atoms through a Hollow-Core Photonic Band-Gap Fiber SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We have demonstrated guiding of rubidium atom through a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber. Rb atoms from a thermal oven travel down 6 cm fiber with an efficiency that is greater than 70%. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Knize, R. J.; Takekoshi, T.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knize, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Randy.knize@usafa.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1994 EP 1995 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401001 ER PT B AU Bochove, EJ AF Bochove, Erik J. GP IEEE TI Analysis of N+1-Core Fiber Laser Cavity SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ARRAYS AB Mode structure and oscillation condition of a multicore fiber laser are derived using coupled mode theory, yielding conditions for in-phase and flattened supermode operation. An inhomogeneous facet reflectivity can be used for mode control applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2591 EP 2592 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401286 ER PT S AU Bliss, D Becla, P AF Bliss, David Becla, Piotr GP IEEE TI Growth and characterization of bulk GaInSb crystals from non-stoichiometric melts SO 2008 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS (IPRM) SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 25-29, 2008 CL Versailles, FRANCE SP IEEE DE gallium antimonide; crystal growth; stoichiometry AB We have developed the traveling heater method (THM) using a low melting point solvent to grow alloys of GaInSb at constant composition with low defect density. The melting point is reduced by using excess antimony or indium as a solvent, By growing the crystal at low temperature it is possible to avoid the high concentration of gallium antisite defects responsible for the dominant native acceptor concentration. With reduced acceptor concentration, a significant increase in the optical transmission from 2 to 20 gin was observed in crystals grown at low temperature. A series of crystal growth runs has demonstrated the use of off-stoichiometry melts as a means to control the electrical and optical properties of GaInSb alloy crystals. C1 [Bliss, David] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Becla, Piotr] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03049 USA. RP Bliss, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM David.Bliss@hanscom.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The research discussed here was sponsored by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under program manager Dr. Donald Silversmith NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 978-1-4244-2258-6 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2008 BP 414 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BKB63 UT WOS:000267695700117 ER PT S AU Buckley, SJ AF Buckley, Steven J. GP IEEE TI Utilizing excess capacity of current launch vehicles to lift secondary payloads SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Spacelift is a precious commodity that should never be wasted. Taking advantage of excess capacity on space launch vehicles is crucial to orbiting as many satellites as possible and is sometimes also the only path to orbit for many small and low-priority payloads. There have been many attempts to utilize this excess capacity over the years. Recent successes include the EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) and the manifesting of small secondary payloads on Minotaur and Falcon I launch vehicles. In most cases, the process of adding secondary payloads to an existing launch mission is problematic due to a variety of reasons including politics, funding, compatible requirements, and availability of crucial tools such as multi payload adapters. This paper will examine the factors that impact the development of multiple manifest launch missions. In particular it will identify the various types of secondary payloads that have been flown, outline the history of adapter development for smaller payloads, and identify the critical elements necessary to successfully manifest multiple satellites on one launch vehicle. Finally, this paper will outline a successful process to put small secondary payloads on all Minotaur launch vehicles and identify a growth path that others can follow to 2 take advantage of excess launch capacity most efficiently. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Buckley, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 640 EP 644 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321200062 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Buzasi, D Chun, F Dorman, J AF Andersen, Geoff Buzasi, Derek Chun, Francis Dorman, James GP IEEE TI USAF academy fast-tracking telescope SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB We are currently building a new 2m optical observatory at the United States Air Force Academy. Our aim is to create a ground based facility capable of tracking and imaging low Earth and astronomical objects. In conjunction with the Laser and Optics Research Center at the Academy, we can leverage lasers with an extensive range of wavelengths, powers and temporal profiles. This will make it possible to conduct a wide range of experiments involving optical ranging, communications and characterization of satellites. Plans are also being considered to use the telescope to improve the capabilities of a pre-existing thermometric lidar as well as developing innovative lidars for atmospheric analysis and relativistic studies. Future telescope research will also incorporate adaptive optics technologies being developed in the Department of Physics. The telescope will also greatly 12 enhance the astronomical studies of cadets and faculty. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Buzasi, Derek; Chun, Francis; Dorman, James] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Ste 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 784 EP 789 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321200077 ER PT S AU Steyskal, H AF Steyskal, Han GP IEEE TI Digital beamforming aspects of wideband circular arrays SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Circular array antennas are attractive in many applications since they offer uniform beam coverage over 360 degrees in azimuth, and moreover, they can generate radiation patterns with a main beam and sidelobes that are essentially independent of frequency. In this paper we consider a wide band circular array beamforming concept based on phase modes generated by a spatial Fourier transform of the array excitation. In particular, we evaluate the computational load associated with the digital implementation of this beamforming scheme, and compare it to the load of conventional element level beamforming. Based on preliminary numerical analyses, conventional beamforming is the more economical alternative from a computational point of view. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Consultant S4 Inc, Div Electromagnet Technol,Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Consultant S4 Inc, Div Electromagnet Technol,Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 831 EP 836 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321200083 ER PT S AU Martin, RK Velotta, J Raquet, J AF Martin, Richard K. Velotta, Jamie Raquet, John GP IEEE TI Multicarrier modulation as a navigation signal of opportunity SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; TIME AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) generally provides worldwide high-accuracy positioning. However, GPS requires lines of sight to multiple satellites and may be blocked or jammed, hence backup navigation techniques are of interest. Navigation via signals of opportunity uses existing radio infrastructure as ad hoc navigational beacons. A mobile receiver determines its position by computing a time difference of arrival (TDOA) between signal reception time at the mobile and at a reference receiver. The drawback is that this requires communication between the reference and mobile receivers. In this paper, we show that multicarrier modulation is an ideal candidate for a navigation signal of opportunity. We show that communication between the reference and mobile can be very minimal for multicarrier modulation compared to other modulation types, since the block structure inherently aids synchronization of the two received signals. Simulations are used to quantify the performance of the TDOA estimate as a function of the SNR and the bandwidth between the reference and the mobile.(12). C1 [Martin, Richard K.; Velotta, Jamie; Raquet, John] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1451 EP 1458 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321200144 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA AF LeMaster, Daniel A. GP IEEE TI A comparison of template matching registration methods for polarimetric imagery SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID IMAGING POLARIMETRY; AUTOMATED REGISTRATION; TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES; NGC-1068 AB Automatic registration between channels in a passive polarimetric imaging system can be frustrated by naturally occurring intensity variations due to target polarization content. In this paper, three image registration algorithms are tested using polarimetric data in various stages of translational misregistration. These algorithms, known collectively as template matching methods, are cross-correlation, maximum mutual information, and phase correlation. Test data are derived from laboratory and HST Faint Object Camera (FOC) polarimetric imagery. Mutual information registration is shown to be robust against channel intensity inversions at a cost of significantly increased processing time. Conversely, cross-correlation provides the most consistent performance in low signal-to-noise conditions. (1 2). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.lemaster@afit.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1568 EP 1576 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201010 ER PT S AU Sambora, MD Martin, RK AF Sambora, Matthew D. Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Improving the performance of projection-based image registration SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Projection-based image registration algorithms use the sum of the pixel values along a given axis of an image to detect spatial changes in temporally separated images. These algorithms have been shown to be computationally efficient and effective for aligning temporally separated images and for visually detecting sensor motion. Registering images via projections has also been shown as a method for overcoming registration errors caused by the presence of fixed pattern noise. This paper describes a method that exploits the statistical properties of images with significant autocorrelation to improve the performance of projection-based image registration algorithms. The algorithm is shown to operate in low SNR conditions and to significantly improve registration performance by as much as a factor of 4 in mean squared error over existing projection-based registration algorithms at a minimal computational cost. C1 [Sambora, Matthew D.; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sambora, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1587 EP 1594 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201012 ER PT S AU Peterson, MR Lamont, GB AF Peterson, Michael R. Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI Improving image resolution with edge-targed filter evolution SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB Government, commercial, scientific, and defense applications in image processing often require transmission of large amounts of data across bandwidth-limited channels. Applications require robust transforms simultaneously minimizing bandwidth requirements and image resolution loss. Image processing algorithms take advantage of quantization to provide substantial lossy compression ratios at the expense of resolution. Recent research demonstrates that genetic algorithms evolve filters outperforming standard discrete wavelet transforms in conditions subject to high quantization error. While evolved filters improve overall image quality, wavelet filters typically provide a superior high frequency response, demonstrating improved reconstruction near the edges of objects within an image. This paper presents an algorithm to generate transform filters that optimize edge reconstruction, improving object edge resolution by an average of 17%. Edges within satellite images are isolated, and image transforms are evolved to optimize both the edge and non-edge portions of reconnaissance photographs. Such filters provide an increased object resolution over standard wavelets and traditionally evolved filters for varied applications of image processing. C1 [Peterson, Michael R.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1595 EP 1608 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201013 ER PT S AU Zulch, P Goldstein, JS AF Zulch, Peter Goldstein, J. Scott GP IEEE TI Performance metric issues for space time adaptive processing methods SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ARRAYS AB Space Time Adaptive Processing was introduced to the radar community in the 1970's as a multi-dimensional filtering method to discriminate moving targets from clutter when observed from an air-borne/space-borne multi-channel phased array radar. Numerous variants of this filtering technique have been developed and are often compared to some baseline performance with respect to output signal to interference plus noise ratio or minimum mean square error. Under clairvoyant conditions these metrics have a direct relation to probability of detection. However under non-clairvoyant conditions, such as with recorded data, probability of detection is not measured directly and secondary metrics, such as signal to interference plus noise ratio and minimum mean square error, are used to measure performance. This paper attempts to show a case where using a metric such as minimum mean square error can indicate erroneous favorable performance.(12). C1 [Zulch, Peter] USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Goldstein, J. Scott] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Zulch, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM peter.zulch@rl.af.mil; jay.s.goldstein@saic.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1783 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201032 ER PT S AU Bergin, J McNeil, S Fomundam, L Zulch, PA AF Bergin, Jameson McNeil, Steven Fomundam, Linda Zulch, Peter A. GP IEEE TI MIMO phased-array for SMTI radar SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Waveform diversity techniques for radar have gained considerable interest over the past several years. Novel radar waveforms have been proposed to improve detection performance and metric accuracy (i.e., angle estimation performance). This paper explores the potential for using a waveform diversity technique known as Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) radar to improve the detection performance of slow moving surface targets from a moving radar platform. The MIMO radar system achieves superior performance by transmitting unique uncorrelated waveforms from each antenna subaperture as opposed to the traditional approach of transmitting a single coherent waveform across the entire aperture. The results show that the radar system minimum detectable velocity (MDV) can be reduced by exploiting the ability of a MIMO system to effectively increase the radar antenna aperture. C1 [Bergin, Jameson; McNeil, Steven; Fomundam, Linda] Informat Syst Labs Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Zulch, Peter A.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Bergin, J (reprint author), Informat Syst Labs Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. EM jsb@isl-inc.com; scm@isl-inc.com; lfomundam@isl-inc.com; Peter.Zulch@rl.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1799 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201034 ER PT S AU Penno, R Hong, S Austin, W Glett, J Jones, G Haenni, M Febo, R AF Penno, Robert Hong, Seng Austin, William Glett, John Jones, Gwynne Haenni, Mark Febo, Rey GP IEEE TI Development of the two D wall for simulation of glint from atmospheric propagation and multipath SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In the development of airborne radars, it is often useful to have a means of testing and evaluating the efficacy of the radar in the presence of angle (or phase) noise, referred to as glint. Glint typically occurs when the illuminated body is characterized by multiple scattering centers whose relative positions shift while the object is being illuminated. These phase shifts produce a distorted return which can undermine the accurate determination of the attributes of the object such as location or velocity. In addition to this source of phase noise, other sources of phase noise include atmospheric scintillation as well as reflections of a scattered return from adjacent obstacles, (i.e. multipath). The ability to evaluate the effects of the sources of phase noise is highly useful in developing methods to mitigate their effects. The "Two D Wall" would provide such an environment. C1 [Penno, Robert] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [Hong, Seng; Austin, William; Glett, John; Jones, Gwynne] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haenni, Mark] MacAulay Brown Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Febo, Rey] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Penno, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM robert.penno@notes.udayton.edu; seng.hong@wpafb.af.mil; william.austin@wpafb.af.mil; john.glett@wpafb.af.mil; gwynne.jones@wpafb.af.mil; mark.haenni@wpafb.af.mil; rfs14879@uprm.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1811 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201036 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Chen, GS Blum, RS Blasch, E Lynch, RS AF Chen, Yin Chen, Genshe Blum, Rick S. Blasch, Erik Lynch, Robert S. GP IEEE TI Image quality measures for predicting automatic target recognition performance SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID FUSION SCHEMES; SAR IMAGES AB One important issue for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems is to learn how robust the performance is under different scenarios. The quality of the input image sequence is a major factor affecting the ATR algorithm's ability to detect and recognize an object. If one can correlate the algorithm performance with different image quality measures, the recognition confidence can be predicted before applying ATR by predetermining the input, image quality. In this paper, we address the utility of image quality measures and their correlations with performance failures of a principle component analysis (PCA) based ATR algorithm. Various image fusion approaches are examined to illustrate their abilities to improve ATR performance. Results show that the Shift Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform (SiDWT) and Laplacian pyramid fusion schemes outperform other methods for improving the detection rate with the considered SAR images. Regression analysis is conducted to show that linear combinations of the selected image quality measures could explain about 60% of the variability in the non-detections of the ATR algorithm.(12). C1 [Chen, Yin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Blum, Rick S.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM ychen@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; rblum@lehigh.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1957 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201050 ER PT S AU Volesky, RA Kish, BA Creviston, DO Geitgey, JW Kikuchi, M Vap, JC AF Volesky, Robert A. Kish, Brian A. Creviston, Douglas O. Geitgey, Jason W. Kikuchi, Morikazu Vap, Jason C. GP IEEE TI Air-to-air evaluation of an amplified 802.11b network SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Students at the United States Air Force Test Pilot School(12). successfully completed a limited evaluation of an 802.11b air-to-air WiFi data link between two C-12C test aircraft. The test team determined the maximum range capability for 1 megabit per second (Mbps) and 11 Mbps transmissions over the WiFi data link when transmitting at 1 or 5 Watts of amplifier power, corresponding to 0.32 and 1.58 Watts of effective isotropic radiated power, respectively. Diagnostic and performance statistic software on laptops were used to gather the data rate and performance statistics in flight, while post flight analysis was conducted to retrieve the data link range statistics. The flight test results closely matched the predicted maximum ranges found using an RF link prediction model, accounting for cabling losses, amplification, antenna gain, free space losses, amplifier receive gain, and the published SecNet11 (R) receiver sensitivity. Increased reception range could have been achieved using lower loss RF cabling and placing the amplifier closer the antenna. Of the available configurations tested (ad hoe, infrastructure and bridge), ad hoc was found the most reliable. The test team also demonstrated the capability of transmitting and receiving text files, still images, pre-recorded video, and streaming, live webcam video between the two test aircraft. C1 [Volesky, Robert A.; Kish, Brian A.; Creviston, Douglas O.; Geitgey, Jason W.; Kikuchi, Morikazu; Vap, Jason C.] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Volesky, RA (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3106 EP 3113 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202010 ER PT S AU MacDonald, A Shepher, MJ AF MacDonald, Adam Shepher, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Development and flight test of a reconfigurable avionics research pod for the USAF Test Pilot School SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Considerable time and money are spent on the modification of fleet-support test aircraft in order to enable carriage of novel research experiments that require in-flight test and demonstration. In many cases, the cost of aircraft modification exceeds the cost of the flight test hardware and flight hours. The USAF Test Pilot School (TPS) has worked closely with the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) to develop and flight test the Reconfigurable Airborne Sensor, Communication and Laser (RASCAL) pod. The pod concept will revolutionize the way that USAF TPS conducts Test Management Project training, and will enable rapid transition of cutting-edge technology under development at AFIT and national laboratories to the demanding airborne flight environment. The development and flight test of RASCAL are discussed, as are future concepts of operation expected to be conducted at the USAF TPS. C1 [MacDonald, Adam; Shepher, Michael J.] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3129 EP 3141 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202012 ER PT S AU Wei, M Cruz, JB Chen, G Blasch, E Kruger, M AF Wei, Mo Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Kruger, Martin GP IEEE TI Military applications and sensitivity analysis of coupling game management SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Coupling game theory can be used to formulate cases "lying between" non-cooperative games and cooperative games and it can provide more reasonable control strategies for players. Traditional Transferable Utility (TU) cooperative games, non-cooperative games, and two-person zero-sum games are special cases of coupling game. This paper describes military applications of a coupling game. Approaches to determine coupling factors in a coupling game are discussed. Sensitivity functions about coupling factors are provided. UAV experiments confirm the benefits of applying coupling game theory in non-ideal complex military situations.(1) (2). C1 [Wei, Mo; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Cruz, Jose B., Jr.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Blasch, Erik] WPAFB, AFRL, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Kruger, Martin] Off Naval Res, Martin, TN USA. RP Wei, M (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM mwei@i-a-i.com; cruz.22@osu.edu; gchen@i-a-i.com; Erik.Blasch@wpafb.af.mil; Martin_Kruger@onr.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3210 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202019 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, G Cruz, JB Blasch, E AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A Game Theoretic Data Fusion Aided Path Planning Approach for Cooperative UAV ISR SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Cooperative and intelligent path planning is important for UAVs to carry out coordinated Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) in adversarial environments. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic data fusion aided platform routing algorithm for cooperative ISR. Our approach consists of three closely coupled components: 1) Closed-loop data fusion. The Level 1 (Object), Level 2 (Situation) and Level 3 (threat) data fusion form a closed-loop structure, in which Markov game theoretic intent inferences will execute from the results of Level I and Level 2 results. The estimated threat intents will be fed back to the Level 2 fusion to improve the performance of the entity aggregation. 2) Cooperative platform routing based on Pareto-optimization, social foraging, and cooperative jamming. Given the threat information including the threat intents from the data fusion module, a Pareto-optimal problem is formed and Graph-cut based fast solution serves as a reference trajectory for a foraging algorithm, which further dynamically refines the reference path to avoid pop-up obstacles detected along the planned path. 3) Display/Monitor Module, in which relevant threats and constraints information are indicated, the terrain data are shown, and current real route and planned route are highlighted, compared, and evaluated. The commander's suggestions can be inputted in this mode.(12). C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Cruz, Jose B., Jr.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blasch, Erik] AFRL, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM dshen@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; cruz@ece.osu.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3220 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202020 ER PT S AU Jaw, LC Van, HT Homan, D Crum, V Chou, W Keller, K Swearingen, K Smith, T AF Jaw, Link C. Van, H. T. Homan, David Crum, Vince Chou, Wendy Keller, Kirby Swearingen, Kevin Smith, Timothy GP IEEE TI Model-based approach to validation and verification of flight critical software SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The time and cost associated with the development and certification of flight-critical software bled air vehicles. This upward trend is expected to continue as future vehicles will be increasingly autonomous and intelligent. Affordable, efficient processes and tools are needed to control development costs and schedule, as well as to ensure the safety of these vehicles. This paper presents the results of a U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) sponsored project on the development of validation and verification (V&V) technologies for flight-critical software. The purpose of the project is to improve the affordability and safety for software V&V, specifically, for adaptive and/or mixed-criticality software. Adaptive software introduces uncertainties; mixed-criticality refers to the information passed between flight critical and mission critical software partitions, hence affecting in-flight adaptation (or control reconfiguration). The methodology developed in this project strongly suggests that an integrated, model-based approach be used in the V&V of adaptive software. In this approach, the same physical model is used for design, implementation, and testing, while emphasis has been placed on checking the uncertainty and the accuracy of the models, which often are implemented in flight control and health management software. In the paper, we use a scenario to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed V&V methodology. The scenario describes an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) executing an autonomous aerial refueling mission(1,2) have been escalating at an alarming rate for modem, software-ena. C1 [Jaw, Link C.; Van, H. T.] Sci Monitoring Inc, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Homan, David; Crum, Vince; Chou, Wendy] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Air Vechicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keller, Kirby; Swearingen, Kevin; Smith, Timothy] Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Jaw, LC (reprint author), Sci Monitoring Inc, Scottsdale, AZ USA. EM lj@scientificmonitoring.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3313 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202029 ER PT B AU Groves, K Subramanyam, G Quach, T Neidhard, R Casto, M Orlando, P Matamana, A AF Groves, Kari Subramanyam, Guru Quach, Tony Neidhard, Robert Casto, Matt Orlando, Pompei Matamana, Aji GP IEEE TI Design of a Frequency Agile X-band LNA Using BST Varactor Based Voltage Tunable Impedance Matching Networks SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Groves, Kari; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Groves, Kari; Quach, Tony; Neidhard, Robert; Casto, Matt; Orlando, Pompei; Matamana, Aji] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 996 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600251 ER PT B AU Huang, Y De, A Zhang, Y Sarkar, TK Carlo, J AF Huang, Ying De, Arijit Zhang, Yu Sarkar, T. K. Carlo, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Design of a low profile end-fire antenna using split-ring resonators SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID RESONANCES; CONDUCTORS; SURFACES C1 [Huang, Ying; De, Arijit; Zhang, Yu; Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept EECS, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Carlo, Jeffrey] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept EECS, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM ade@syr.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1460 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600367 ER PT B AU Cakiroglu, B Collins, PJ Havrilla, MJ Sertel, K Terzuoli, AJ AF Cakiroglu, Bora Collins, Peter J. Havrilla, Mchael J. Sertel, Kubilay Terzuoli, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI Multi-scale Triangular Patch High Impedance Ground Plane to Improve the Bandwidth of Conformal Bow-Tie Antennas SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We demonstrate the realization and performance of a conformal bow-tie antenna printed on a multi-scale triangular element mushroom structure high-impedance ground-plane (FUGP). The two-scale HlGP was designed to exhibit a large frequency band-gap to cover the relatively broad operational frequency bandwidth of the bow-tie antenna. HlGP elements were chosen to be triangular to form a natural commensurate blending of the bow-tie into the structure. We characterize the experimental performance of the bow-tie-HIGP combination from 2-10GHz and demonstrate that the negative effects of a perfect electric conductor ground-plane may be mitigated by using a HlGP. C1 [Cakiroglu, Bora; Collins, Peter J.; Havrilla, Mchael J.; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Sertel, Kubilay] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Cakiroglu, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.collins@ieee.org RI Uysal, Sener/B-3873-2012; Sertel, Kubilay/L-2668-2016 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1596 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601014 ER PT B AU Dogrul, M Collins, PJ Saville, M Sertel, K Terzuoli, AJ AF Dogrul, Murat Collins, Peter J. Saville, Michael Sertel, Kubilay Terzuoli, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI Improved Bandwidth Conformal Bow-Tie Antennas Printed on Multi-scale Triangular-Patch High-Impedance Ground Planes SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We present two low-profile bow-tie antenna designs printed conformally on high-impedance ground planes (HIGPs). The HIGPs were constructed using two different scale triangular patch mushroom elements which allowed for a commensurate platform for the active bow-tie antenna. The multi-scale nature of the HIGP was utilized to further increase the frequency band-gap of the surface waves, and to enhance the properties of the low-profile bow-tie. We evaluate the bandwidth of the bow-tie on the HIGP and compare with perfect-electric-conductor (PEC) and perfect-magnetic-conductor (PMC) ground planes. C1 [Dogrul, Murat; Collins, Peter J.; Saville, Michael; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Sertel, Kubilay] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Dogrul, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.collins@ieee.org RI Sertel, Kubilay/L-2668-2016 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1600 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601015 ER PT B AU McCann, J Janning, D Kuhl, D Zeller, K Radcliffe, J Schneider, S Kempel, L Griffith, H AF McCann, John Janning, Dan Kuhl, Dave Zeller, Kyle Radcliffe, Josh Schneider, Stephen Kempel, Leo Griffith, Henry GP IEEE TI Analysis of Arrays of Microstrip Half-Width Leaky Wave Antennas SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [McCann, John; Janning, Dan; Kuhl, Dave; Zeller, Kyle; Radcliffe, Josh; Schneider, Stephen; Kempel, Leo] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kempel, Leo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Griffith, Henry] Technol Serv Corp, Bloomington, IN 90405 USA. RP McCann, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 2386 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601209 ER PT B AU Tornasic, B Herscovici, N Steyskal, H AF Tornasic, Boris Herscovici, Naftali Steyskal, Hans GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC ARRAY OF INFINITELY-LONG SLOTS FED BY CONNECTED DIPOLES SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Tornasic, Boris; Herscovici, Naftali; Steyskal, Hans] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tornasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 2466 EP 2469 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601229 ER PT B AU Bradaric, I Capraro, GT Wicks, MC AF Bradaric, I. Capraro, G. T. Wicks, M. C. GP IEEE TI Multistatic Ambiguity Function - A Tool For Waveform Selection In Distributed Radar Systems SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Bradaric, I.; Capraro, G. T.] Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY 13501 USA. [Wicks, M. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bradaric, I (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY 13501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4266 EP 4266 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602296 ER PT B AU Hanna, DL Best, SR Turchinetz, BW Derov, JS AF Hanna, D. L. Best, S. R. Turchinetz, B. W. Derov, J. S. GP IEEE TI Experimental Verification that a Metamaterial Wedge Supports the Propagation of a Bandlimted Modulated Signal SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Hanna, D. L.; Best, S. R.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Turchinetz, B. W.; Derov, J. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hanna, DL (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM dhanna@mitre.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4295 EP 4298 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602304 ER PT B AU Herscovici, N Ginn, J Donisi, T Tomasic, B AF Herscovici, Naftali Ginn, James Donisi, Tony Tomasic, Boris GP IEEE TI A Fragmented Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antenna SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB This paper summarizes an effort to obtain a wideband aperture-coupled fragmented microstrip antenna. The antenna is modeled as a 2.5D structure, and is optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The realistic physical feed, a microstrip-fed slot, is also included in the optimization process. C1 [Herscovici, Naftali] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Ginn, James] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Donisi, Tony] Ansoft Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Tomasic, Boris] Hanscom AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA USA. RP Herscovici, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4371 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602323 ER PT S AU Coggins, K Skiba, M AF Coggins, Kevin Skiba, Mark GP IEEE TI Implementation of ATML Test Results on the USAF Versatile Depot Automated Test Station SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE VDATS; ATML; Test Results; Versatile Depot Automated Test Station; DoD ATS Framework; OSS&E AB The VDATS (Versatile Depot Automatic Test Station) is a Department of Defense (DoD) approved Family of Testers for the Air Force. Conceptualization began in 2006 and VDATS became a reality shortly after with the first article tester demonstrated at IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2007. Forward looking in their approach, the USAF VDATS team made the determination early in the program to employ the DoD ATS Framework where possible to standardize both hardware and software interfaces ATML (Automatic Test Markup Language) is a DoD ATS Framework component and an emerging IEEE standard that defines a universal framework for ATS software interfaces. ATML Test Results supports the storage of results of an individual Test Program Set (TPS) execution cycle in a standardized format utilizing Extensible Markup Language (XML). ATML shows great promise toward reducing support and maintenance costs and improving interoperability. The VDATS program has enabled the Air Force to rehost scores of test programs from unsupportable legacy test systems; each test program containing test report formats unique to each legacy test system. Incorporating a universal model for test data capture and reporting is one key benefit of ATML Test Results. In addition, for VDATS, the Air Force is seeking to maximize the value of ATML Test Results by taking advantage of the inherent analysis capabilities, including the detection of problem areas in test systems, TPS design optimization, and monitoring of UUT (Unit Under Test) component failure rates. The VDATS ATML Initiative leverages the SBIR program to integrate ATML Test Results into VDATS and develop some useful analysis tools. This paper will present an overview of the VDATS software, Test Results implementation, key decisions, and actual test and analysis results based on real UUTs. C1 [Coggins, Kevin] USAF, Software Maintenance Grp 402, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. [Skiba, Mark] Vektrex, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Coggins, K (reprint author), USAF, Software Maintenance Grp 402, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM kevin.coggins@us.af.mil; mskiba@vektrex.com FU SBIR program FX Vektrex acknowledges and thanks both the Air Force and the Navy for their commitment to ATML, their support of the SBIR program, Vektrexs research related to ATML. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700084 ER PT S AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Brian GP IEEE TI UUT Explorer: Shop Replaceable Unit (SRU) Graphical Display Application SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE UUT Explorer; SRU; VDATS AB This paper provides an overview of the requirements and capabilities of the UUT Explorer Test Program Set (TPS) utility application designed for use when testing Shop Replaceable Units (SRUs) on the Versatile Depot Automatic Test Station (VDATS). The requirement for creation of the UUT Explorer application was driven by a need to standardize the interface for the VDATS operators while simplifying the process of TPS development and SRU testing During SRU testing, the UUT Explorer application allows the TPS developer to dynamically display a graphical representation of the board with graphic information that correlates to the current test activity and physical view of the SRU ne graphical representation supports highlighting a particular component in several useful ways. In a "zoomed-out" view, the operator is provided with component location information relative to other SRU components. In a "zoomed-in" view, the operator is provided with component orientation and pin location information. UUT Explorer is written using National Instruments LabWindows/CVI and consists of three utilities: a board layout application, a custom component creation application, and the TPS Dynamic Link Library (DLL). The board layout utility is used by the TPS developer to create the board display file. The custom component creation utility is used by the TPS developer to generate any components that are not available in the standard libraries. The TPS DLL is used by the TPS developer to display the SRU graphically on the screen. By using UUT Explorer, the VDATS is better able to capitalize on the core tester concept by increasing the quality of the common tools available to the TPS developers and by creating a common interface for SRU component and pin location for the test station operators. C1 USAF, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USAF, 581st Software Maintenance Squadron,420 Richard R, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM brian.fleming@us.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700091 ER PT S AU Adams, WL AF Adams, W. Larry, Jr. GP IEEE TI Solving the U S. Air Force's ATS Proliferation Problem - the VDATS Solution SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE ATS proliferation; VDATS; USAF AB The Versatile Automated Depot Test Station (VDATS) is a major component in solving the US. Air Force's Automatic Test System (ATS) proliferation concerns. VDATS addresses the proliferation issue by providing the capability to replace an estimated 260 depot-level test systems that assume 150 different configurations, as well as a large number of intermediate-level test systems. The Department of Defense (DoD) has invested billions of dollars in aging and increasingly obsolete ATS used to troubleshoot and diagnose components of military aircraft and weapon systems. The issues of increased downtimes, test system obsolescence, and non-portable Test Program Sets (TPS) further contributes to the DoD's continued reporting of spare parts shortages and the increasing impacts that ATS obsolescence has on the readiness of military aircraft and weapon systems. The VDATS provides a viable approach to resolving these issues. VDATS has an extensible designed-in expansion capability intended to support present and future Air Force workloads by providing an organically-developed ATS platform with a modular, open-systems architecture that is flexible, Capable, Tailorable, and Sustainable. VDATS makes it technically feasible to now realize the laudable 1994 DoD policy goal slated in: Military Readiness: DoD Needs to Better Manage Automatic Test Equipment Modernization," GAO-03-451, March 2003.[1] VDATS meets this slated DoD policy goal of producing an ATS capable of supporting multiple weapon systems, aircraft, and eventually being interoperable between DoD services. In 2007 the Air Force's VDATS was officially designated as a DoD Standard Family of Testers, supporting the 2005 ATS Master Plan requirement meant to reduce ATS proliferation and life-cycle operations and support costs. This paper briefly examines the present-day issues and how the US. Air Force is resolving these with the VDATS program. It also explains the strategy to preserve present-day and near-future TPS re-host investments, while enhancing system capabilities to meet the Air Force's depot and intermediale-level ATS requirements for the foreseeable future. C1 USAF, CBSG GBEC 742, Robins Afb, GA 31008 USA. RP Adams, WL (reprint author), USAF, CBSG GBEC 742, 460 Richard Ray Blvd,Ste 200, Robins Afb, GA 31008 USA. EM william.adams@robins.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 562 EP 564 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700109 ER PT S AU Cosgriff, P Harris, M Helton, A AF Cosgriff, Pat Harris, Michelle Helton, Alicia GP IEEE TI Intelligent Diagnostic Reasoning System Deployment Process and Results SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE AI-ESTATE; Bayesian AB Lockheed Martin Simulation, Training & Support (LM STS) has developed an Intelligent Diagnostic Reasoning System (IDRS) that can reduce the time and cost to diagnose a failure by isolating to the fault more quickly and reducing callout ambiguity. IDRS uses engineering knowledge and historical test and maintenance data to develop diagnostic models enabling intelligent decision support. IDRS models and services are based on the IEEE 1232 (TM) Artificial Intelligence Exchange and Service Tie to All Test Environment (AI-ESTATE) standard. IDRS is deployed at Ogden Air Logistics Center (OO-ALC) through a partnership between LM STS and OO-ALC 309(th) Maintenance Wing (309 MXW) Software Maintenance Group and Electronics Maintenance Group at Hill Air Force Base. This paper will outline the selection of the Line Replaceable Unit (LRU), the deployment of IDRS, the results obtained, and the benefits of IDRS. C1 [Cosgriff, Pat] USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. [Harris, Michelle; Helton, Alicia] Lockheed Martin Simulat Training & Support, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. RP Cosgriff, P (reprint author), USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 565 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700110 ER PT S AU Coggins, K AF Coggins, Kevin GP IEEE TI VDATS and the DoD ATS Framework SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE VDATS; DOD ATS Framework; ATML; Versatile Automated Depot Test System; OSS&E AB The DoD ATS Management Board (AMB) officially designated the Air Force's Versatile Depot Automated Test Station (VDATS) as a DoD-approved Family of Testers in November 2007. The VDATS is a revolutionary approach for the Air Force which addresses current ATS modernization needs while simultaneously providing superior weapon systems repair capability for the War Fighter. The 2003 GAO Report GAO-03-451 (Military Readiness - DoD Needs to Better Manage Automatic Test Equipment Modernization) included two conclusions which specifically addressed the Air Force's previous approach to ATE modernization - that the Air Force approach has resulted in limited commonality between test systems, and that the overall Services' approach in developing testers for two new aircraft was significantly different. The DoD ATS Framework was established to enable a common approach to solving problems such as these. Additionally, the USAF has present-day ATE obsolescence and proliferation issues that present significant risk to the War Fighter. The VDATS must be flexible enough to handle workloads from scores of different obsolete test systems whose complete set of requirements will become fully disclosed only during the rehost activity. Additionally, there are numerous single-copy legacy ATE with significant obsolescence problems that spend 99% of their time testing a specific UUT model; should this test system fail, then the repair rate for that UUT will fall dramatically. The repair capability of the VDATS is needed immediately. These combined issues demand a functioning test system be fielded as soon as possible. The Air Force has proactively incorporated both mandated and emerging elements of the DoD ATS Framework into the VDATS system architecture to improve interoperability, maximize the use of commercial products, minimize the tester logistics footprint, and improve the capacity for future upgrades. VDATS was developed with the requirement to support upgrades and changes throughout its lifecycle, and most importantly, to provide needed repair capability as soon as possible. This paper presents an overview of the DoD An Framework, and provides a detailed view of the VDATS system architecture and enabling components which implement the Framework elements. Additionally, we will present several lessons learned while implementing elements of the DoD ATS Framework. The paper will also present an analysis of the VDATS system architecture which measures the mapping between attributes of an open system against the Framework key elements. Finally, we will demonstrate how the VDATS is solving the problems cited in the referenced GAO report while meeting the present-day needs of the War Fighter. C1 USAF, Robins Afb, GA 31098 USA. RP Coggins, K (reprint author), USAF, 402 Software Maintenance Grp, Robins Afb, GA 31098 USA. EM kevin.coggins@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700112 ER PT S AU Zieg, E AF Zieg, Eric GP IEEE TI An ATLAS to C Conversion Utility for VDATS SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE VDATS; translator; conversion; ATLAS; CVI; ANSI C; rehost; TPS AB The USAF Versatile Automated Depot Test Station (VDATS) is the target platform for hundreds of ATLAS test programs presently supported on obsolete test systems. The ATLAS test language is very commonly used throughout the Department of Defense (DOD) in legacy test programs. National Instruments LabWindows/CVI, with its ANSI C programming language, has become a standard test program language in most commercial sectors. The VDATS program has selected Lab Windows/CVI as a standard test language. Because of this, there is a requirement to rehost older ATLAS test programs from obsolete testers into LabWindows/CVI on the VDATS. This paper presents a code translator that was developed to translate 3 implementations of ATLAS (IEEE 716-1982, IFTE, OS390) to LabWindows/CVI. C1 USAF, Software Maintenance Squadron 581, Robins Afb, GA 31098 USA. RP Zieg, E (reprint author), USAF, Software Maintenance Squadron 581, 420 Richard Ray Blvd,Suite 100, Robins Afb, GA 31098 USA. EM eric.zieg@us.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 577 EP 579 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700113 ER PT B AU Xia, M Moslehi, B Mukherjee, B Behbahani, A Millar, R AF Xia, Ming Moslehi, Behzad Mukherjee, Biswanath Behbahani, Alireza Millar, Richard GP IEEE TI CORIN/DORIN: A WDM-ENABLED PLATFORM FOR AERO-ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Xia, Ming; Mukherjee, Biswanath] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moslehi, Behzad] Intelligent Fiber Opt Syst Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millar, Richard] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653184 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800037 ER PT B AU Travelpiece, AM Nelson, JK Schadler, LS Schweickart, D AF Travelpiece, A. M. Nelson, J. K. Schadler, L. S. Schweickart, Daniel GP IEEE TI Dielectric Integrity of High-Temperature Nanocomposites SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID NANODIELECTRICS AB The addition of nanoscale metal oxide fillers to polymers has been shown, in many cases, to lead to an improvement in the dielectric breakdown strength and voltage endurance. In this paper, dielectric properties for silica- and alumina-filled polyamideimide (PAI) thin films are reported as a function of particle loading. The dispersion and thermal behavior are quantified. Experiments were also conducted using particulates which were functionalized with Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in order to augment the chemical bonding to the host matrix. The glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature are reported as a function of nanoparticle type and loading. The dielectric strength is provided for both AC and DC voltages. It was found that the enhancement in breakdown strength for a nanocomposite formulation is greater under DC conditions than AC. In addition, alumina filled PAI was found to exhibit greater electrical breakdown strength than silica filled PAL A discussion of possible reasons is included. C1 [Travelpiece, A. M.; Nelson, J. K.; Schadler, L. S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schweickart, Daniel] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Travelpiece, AM (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU UES, Inc., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-D-24041D0-04] FX This work is supported through UES, Inc., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, by contract number FA8650-04-D-24041D0-04. We would like to thank M. David Frey, Tolga Goren, and Robert Smith for their assistance in completing this work, ELANTAS PDG Inc. for providing the unfilled polymer, and Polymer Valley Chemicals Inc. for treating the silica particles. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2548-8 PY 2008 BP 179 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH50 UT WOS:000265875100046 ER PT S AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic Characterization of Two-Layer Dielectrics Using Two Flanged Rectangular Waveguides SO 2008 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 12-15, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE dielectric materials; Green's function; integral equations; permittivity; rectangular waveguide; waveguide probes ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; FREQUENCIES; MICROWAVE AB In this paper, a flanged waveguides technique capable of measuring both reflection and transmission coefficients is formulated to allow for the nondestructive, simultaneous extraction of complex permittivities of a two-layer lossy dielectric absorber. The technique introduced here eliminates the need for additional optimization constraints required in reflection-only based methods. Theoretical expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are found using a magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) formulation based on Love's Equivalence Principle and subsequently solved via the Method of Moments (MoM). In addition to these expressions, the dyadic Green's function for a magnetically excited, two-layer, parallel-plate waveguide is developed The technique is verified experimentally and measured results for an absorber consisting of two R-cards are presented. It is discussed that the flanged waveguides technique is well suited for rapid quality control measurement of dual layered dielectric absorber or single-layered shielding materials having both dielectric and magnetic properties. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu; michael.havrilla@afit.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-1540-3 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2008 BP 1648 EP 1652 DI 10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547308 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIP18 UT WOS:000261512101060 ER PT S AU Raquet, J Martin, RK AF Raquet, John Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Non-GNSS radio frequency navigation SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE navigation; signals of opportunity AB There are many situations in which Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot provide adequate navigation performance (such as indoors or in urban canyons). This paper describes the technical challenges of non-GNSS radio frequency navigation, with particular emphasis on signals of opportunity (i.e., signals that are intended for purposes other than navigation). Advantages and disadvantages of signal of opportunity navigation are described, along with the dominant issues that must be dealt with in order to make such systems a practical reality. C1 [Raquet, John; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raquet, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 5308 EP 5311 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4518858 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456703311 ER PT S AU Ren, J Li, TT Han, K AF Ren, Jian Li, Tongtong Han, Keesook GP IEEE TI Anonymous communication protocol in overlay networks SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-13 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008) CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Inst Commun, Tsinghu Univ, Beijing Univ, Posts & Telecommun AB Communication anonymity is becoming an increasingly important, or even indispensable security requirement for many applications. The existing research in anonymous communications can largely be divided into two categories: mix-based systems and secure multi-party computation-based systems, originating from mixnet and DC-net respectively. However, they either cannot provide provable anonymity, or suffer from transmission collision problem. In this paper, we first propose a novel unconditionally secure source anonymous message authentication code (SA-MAC) that can be applied to any messages without relying on any trusted third parties. While ensuring message sender anonymity, SM-MAC can also provide message content authenticity. We then propose a novel communication protocol that can hide the senders and the receivers from each other, and thus can be used for secure file sharing. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. Our analysis also shows it is efficient and practical. C1 [Ren, Jian; Li, Tongtong] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Landing, MI 48864 USA. [Han, Keesook] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Landing, MI 48864 USA. EM renjian.tongli@egr.msu.edu; tongli@egr.msu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-2074-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2008 BP 1648 EP + DI 10.1109/ICC.2008.318 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIH49 UT WOS:000259505001056 ER PT B AU Wu, Q Mukre, P Linderman, R Renz, T Burns, D Moore, M Qiu, Q AF Wu, Qing Mukre, Prakash Linderman, Richard Renz, Tom Burns, Daniel Moore, Michael Qiu, Qinru GP IEEE TI Performance Optimization for Pattern Recognition Using Associative Neural Memory SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2008) CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB In this paper, we present our work in the implementation and performance optimization of the recall operation of the Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) model on the Cell Broadband Engine processor. We have applied optimization techniques on different parts of the algorithm to improve the overall computing and communication performance of the BSB recall algorithm. Runtime measurements show that, we have been able to achieve about 70% of the theoretical peak performance of the processor. C1 [Wu, Qing; Mukre, Prakash; Qiu, Qinru] Binghamton Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Linderman, Richard; Renz, Tom; Burns, Daniel] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Moore, Michael] IIT Adv Engn & Sci, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Binghamton Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2570-9 PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BIP21 UT WOS:000261514000001 ER PT S AU Qiu, QR Burns, D Moore, M Linderman, R Renz, T Wu, Q AF Qiu, Qinru Burns, Daniel Moore, Michael Linderman, Richard Renz, Thomas Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI Accelerating Cogent Confabulation: an Exploration in the Architecture Design Space SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Cogent confabulation is a computation model that mimics the Hebbian learning, information storage, inter-relation of symbolic concepts, and the recall operations of the brain. The model has been applied to cognitive processing of language, audio and visual signals. In this project, we focus on how to accelerate the computation which underlie confabulation based sentence completion through software and hardware optimization. On the software implementation side, appropriate data structures can improve the performance of the software by more than 5,000X. On the hardware implementation side, the cogent confabulation algorithm is an ideal candidate for parallel processing and its performance can be significantly improved with the help of application specific, massively parallel computing platforms. However, as the complexity and parallelism of the hardware increases, cost also increases. Architectures with different performance-cost tradeoffs are analyzed and compared. Our analysis shows that although increasing the number of processors or the size of memories per processor can increase performance, the hardware cost and performance improvements do not always exhibit a linear relation. Hardware configuration options must be carefully evaluated in order to achieve good cost performance tradeoffs. C1 [Qiu, Qinru; Wu, Qing] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Burns, Daniel; Linderman, Richard; Renz, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Moore, Michael] IIT, Adv Engn & Sci, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Qiu, Q (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM qqiu@binghamton.edu; Daniel.Burns@rl.af.mil; Michael.Moore@rl.af.mil; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil; Thomas.Renz@rl.af.mil; qwu@binghamton.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 1292 EP 1300 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4633965 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827200208 ER PT S AU Fontanari, JF Perlovsky, LI AF Fontanari, Jose F. Perlovsky, Leonid I. GP IEEE TI Object perception in the Neural Modeling Fields framework SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID LANGUAGE; COGNITION AB Movement seems to be the key ingredient to understanding how children perceive (and hence name) objects in their environment. This insight, which is based on Spelke's experiments on language acquisition by children, is akin to Aristotle's conception of object as a "continuous thing" that has one and only one movement. Here we test this idea with a computer experiment in which the perceptual system of the individual is modeled by the Neural Modeling Fields categorization mechanism, and the environment is composed of two complex objects that can move with respect to each other. Rather remarkably, we find that movement indeed makes possible the differentiation of objects which the individual would deem indistinguishable if motionless. C1 [Fontanari, Jose F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Fontanari, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM fontanari@ifsc.usp.br; Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil RI Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU conselho Nacional de Desenvolimento Cientifico e Tenologico (CNpq); fundacao de Amparo a pesqusa do Estado sao paulo (FAPESP), [04/06156-3] FX supported by conselho Nacional de Desenvolimento Cientifico e Tenologico (CNpq) and fundacao de Amparo a pesqusa do Estado sao paulo (FAPESP), project No.04/06156-3. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 1774 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634038 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827201034 ER PT S AU Levine, DS Perlovsky, LI AF Levine, Daniel S. Perlovsky, Leonid I. GP IEEE TI A Network Model of Rational versus Irrational Choices on a Probability Maximization Task SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID DECISION-MAKING; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COGNITION; NEED; CONFLICT; PEOPLE; BRAIN; RISK AB Humans have a drive to maximize knowledge of the world, yet decision making data also suggest a contrary drive to minimize cognitive effort using simplifying heuristics. The trade-off between maximizing knowledge and minimizing effort is modeled by simulation of a challenging decision task. The task is to choose which of two gambles has the highest probability of success when the alternative with higher success probability also has lower success frequency. C1 [Levine, Daniel S.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Psychol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] US Air force Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Levine, DS (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Psychol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM levine@uta.edu; leonid@seas.harvard.edu FU United States Air Force (sponsored by General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc.) [F33601-03-F0203] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Air Force under Contract F33601-03-F0203 (sponsored by General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc.) NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 2820 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634195 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827201191 ER PT S AU Ramsey, BW Mullins, BE Thomas, RW Andel, TR AF Ramsey, Benjamin W. Mullins, Barry E. Thomas, Ryan W. Andel, Todd R. GP IEEE TI Subjective Audio Quality over Secure IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC 2008) SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB This paper presents the results of experiments to measure subjective G. 711 audio quality resulting from wireless transmission over encrypted IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, and IEEE 802.11n draft 2.0 wireless local area networks (WLANs). Following ITU-T Recommendation P.800, forty-two human subjects rate audio recordings taken during 12 network conditions. WLAN encryption is alternated between WPA2 and WPA2 with transport mode 3DES IPsec, and simultaneous call volume is alternated between 6 or 10 simultaneous calls. Results indicate that a previous E-model calculation for 802.11b accurately predicts the subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS). The upper bound for the decline in MOS due to 3DES IPsec is found to be less than 0.65 (90% CI) for all scenarios examined. Additionally, the subjective data suggest that the combination of G. 711 encoding and 802.11 transmission makes toll quality (MOS > 4.0) calls over an encrypted 802.11 WLAN impractical. C1 [Ramsey, Benjamin W.; Mullins, Barry E.; Thomas, Ryan W.; Andel, Todd R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramsey, BW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; todd.andel@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-3368-1 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2008 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1109/PCCC.2008.4745097 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUD68 UT WOS:000288942800065 ER PT S AU Antosh, CJ Mullins, BE AF Antosh, Cory J. Mullins, Barry E. GP IEEE TI The Scalability of Secure Lock SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC 2008) SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB This paper investigates how well Secure Lock scales. Using a Java simulation, Secure Locks are generated for network sizes up to 5,000 nodes using prime number node identifiers up to 512 bits in length. The resulting message sizes as well as the amount of time and memory consumed in the Secure Lock generation process are used for comparison. The Java BigInteger class enables Secure Lock generation on a desktop PC, which requires less than five minutes of time to produce the largest Secure Locks. The simulation also demonstrates Secure Locks' ability to exclude untrusted members of the network. It is found that as the number of recipients increases, the Secure Lock message size increases linearly, while the amount of time and system memory used to create the Secure Lock increase exponentially. C1 [Antosh, Cory J.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Antosh, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cory.antosh@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-3368-1 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2008 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1109/PCCC.2008.4745086 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUD68 UT WOS:000288942800071 ER PT S AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Grimaila, M AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Grimaila, Michael GP IEEE TI Towards Mathematically Modeling the Anonymity Reasoning Ability of an Adversary SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC 2008) SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE Anonymity; privacy; formal models; multi-agent systems ID PROTOCOLS AB With the aim to preserve privacy over a communications network, a plethora of anonymous protocols have been proposed along with many empirical investigations into specific adversary attacks over those networks. However, few formal methods have been adequately developed and applied towards anonymous systems with the goal of modeling how an adversary reasons about anonymity. Indeed, many analyses assume a passive, global adversary but fail to provide a rigorous approach to defining and modeling anonymity concepts to ensure information and data assurance as is customary when formally proving other security aspects of a system. Hence, this paper proposes the Possibilistic Anonymity Logical Model (PALM) for capturing the knowledge and reasoning ability of an adversary in an anonymous network. C1 [Kelly, Douglas; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Douglas.Kelly@afit.edu; Richard.Raines@afit.edu; Rusty.Baldwin@afit.edu; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu; Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-3368-1 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2008 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1109/PCCC.2008.4745079 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUD68 UT WOS:000288942800074 ER PT S AU Haraszti, TP Pancholy, R Choma, J Schober, R Hunt, K AF Haraszti, T. P. Pancholy, R. Choma, J. Schober, R. Hunt, K. GP IEEE TI Novel SOI-Specific Circuit Form High-Speed Radiation-Hardened Memories SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International SOI Conference CY OCT 06-09, 2008 CL New Platz, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Haraszti, T. P.; Pancholy, R.] Microcirc Associates, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Pancholy, R.; Choma, J.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schober, R.] Nano Power, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Hunt, K.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Haraszti, TP (reprint author), Microcirc Associates, Newport Beach, CA USA. EM tegzefednano@peoplepe.com; bobschober@gmail.com FU United States Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory [F29601-C0241] FX This research and development work was sponsored by the United States Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract number F29601-C0241. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-1954-8 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2008 BP 133 EP + DI 10.1109/SOI.2008.4656330 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIQ60 UT WOS:000262065700056 ER PT B AU Prather, W AF Prather, William GP IEEE TI Aircraft EMP Hardening Specifications and Measurement Methods SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prather, W (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 1195 EP 1195 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300195 ER PT B AU Prather, W AF Prather, William GP IEEE TI COUPLING TO AIRCRAFT and AIRCRAFT HARDENING SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prather, W (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 1196 EP 1205 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300196 ER PT B AU Prather, W AF Prather, William GP IEEE TI APERTURES AND LINE PENETRATIONS SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prather, W (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 1206 EP 1211 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300197 ER PT B AU Prather, W AF Prather, William GP IEEE TI LOOP RESISTANCE TESTER SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prather, W (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 1212 EP 1214 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300198 ER PT B AU D'yachkov, A Macula, A Renz, T Rykov, V AF D'yachkov, A. Macula, A. Renz, T. Rykov, V. GP IEEE TI Random Coding Bounds for DNA Codes Based on Fibonacci Ensembles of DNA Sequences SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, RIM, Ontario Cent Excellence, IBM Res, Microsoft Res AB We consider DNA codes based on the concept of a weighted 2-stem similarity measure which reflects the "hybridization potential" of two DNA sequences. A random coding bound on the rate of DNA codes with respect to a thermodynamic motivated similarity measure is proved. Ensembles of DNA strands whose sequence composition is restricted in a manner similar to the restrictions in binary Fibonacci sequences are introduced to obtain the bound. C1 [D'yachkov, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Macula, A.; Renz, T.] IFTC, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Rykov, V.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE USA. RP D'yachkov, A (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM agd-msu@yandex.ru; macula@geneseo.edu; thomas.renz@rl.af.mil; vrykov@mail.unomaha.edu FU AFOSR [FA8750-07-C-0089] FX The work was supported by AFOSR FA8750-07-C-0089 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2256-2 PY 2008 BP 2292 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2008.4595399 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIK25 UT WOS:000260364401182 ER PT B AU Teller, J Ozguner, F Ewing, R AF Teller, Justin Ozguner, Fusun Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Scheduling reconfiguration at runtime on the TRIPS processor SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING SYSTEMS; TASK AB We address the problem of scheduling parallel applications onto Heterogeneous Chip Multi-Processors (HCMPs) containing reconfigurable processing cores. To model reconfiguration, we introduce the novel Mutually Exclusive Processor Groups reconfiguration model, which captures many different modes of reconfiguration. The paper continues by proposing the Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time with Mutually Exclusive Processor Groups (HEFTMEG) scheduling heuristic that uses our new reconfiguration model; at compile-time, HEFT-MEG schedules reconfigurations to occur at runtime, with the goal of choosing the most efficient configuration for different application phases. Scheduling reconfiguration to occur at runtime with HEFT-MEG improves the performance of GPS Acquisition, a software radio application, by about 23%, compared to the best single-configuration schedule on the same hardware. C1 [Teller, Justin; Ozguner, Fusun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Teller, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM teller.9@osu.edu; ozguner@ece.osu.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil FU TRIPS system FX TRIPS was developed by the University of Texas at Austin under the DARPA Polymorphous Computing Architectures Program and AFRL contract. We are grateful to Doug Burger, Steve Keckler, and Mark Gebhart, UT, for providing access to, and support for, their TRIPS sys- tem (http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/cart/trips). We are also grateful to Al Scarpelli, AFRL, for his support and help in providing access to the TRIPS system and developers NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 3329 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501402068 ER PT B AU Mardahl, P AF Mardahl, Peter GP IEEE TI Energy losses in simulated relativistic Michigan A6 magnetron with shaped cathode SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mardahl, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM icepic@kirtland.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900135 ER PT S AU Liu, K Moore, C Buchler, R Bruner, P Fax, A Hinchman, JL Nguyen, BT Nelson, DE Ventrone, F Thorward, BR AF Liu, Kevin Moore, Christopher Buchler, Robert Bruner, Phil Fax, Alex Hinchman, Jacob L. Nguyen, Ba T. Nelson, David E. Ventrone, Fred Thorward, Brian R. GP IEEE TI Precision relative navigation solution for autonomous operations in close proximity SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB The ability to provide highly accurate and reliable relative navigation information in real time is a key enabling technology for autonomous operations between moving platforms in close proximity. Northrop Grumman's Navigation Systems Division (NSD) has developed an innovative approach to relative navigation that fuses Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudorange and carrier phase measurements with Inertial Navigation System (INS) data and implements a innovative approach to resolving the GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity to satisfy accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability requirements. This capability was recently demonstrated as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) program. During the final flight test phase, a Learjet-25 test aircraft autonomously performed station keeping and transitioning between various positions in close proximity to a KC-135R tanker, in a fashion typical of refueling maneuvers. The relative and absolute vehicle navigation data used by the autonomous flight control system were calculated using NSD's relative navigation algorithm and sensor data from two LN-251 Embedded GPS/INS (EGI) systems with embedded 24-channel GPS receivers, one on each vehicle. This paper will present and discuss the flight test results and performance. C1 [Liu, Kevin; Moore, Christopher; Buchler, Robert; Bruner, Phil; Fax, Alex] Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. [Hinchman, Jacob L.; Nguyen, Ba T.] AFRL, VACC, WPAFB, Cleveland, OH USA. [Nelson, David E.] NAVAIR, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ventrone, Fred] ARINC, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thorward, Brian R.] L 3 Comm Titan, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 685 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700083 ER PT S AU Yang, C Nguyen, T Blasch, E Miller, M AF Yang, Chun Nguyen, Tbao Blasch, Exik Miller, Mikel GP IEEE TI Post-correlation semi-coherent integration for high-dynamic and weak GPS signal acquisition SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB Acquisition and ultimate tracking of a weak GPS signal faces several technical challenges, notably, possible data bit sign reversal every 20 ms and tolerable frequency error inversely proportional to the integration interval. Brute force search over all possible combinations of the unknown values is computationally prohibitive. Assisted GPS relying on external infrastructure for timing, data bit, and frequency error information is costly. Coherent techniques such as the block accumulating coherent integration over extended interval (BACIX) have recently been proposed to increase coherent integration. Although efficient, such coherent methods may still be too expensive except for high-end receivers and may not maintain the SNR performance when there are large frequency changes over the extended integration interval. In this paper, we set forth a novel method that utilizes the semi-coherent scheme for post-correlation integration. It is named as block accumulating semi-coherent integration of correlations (BASIC) and can be viewed as an extension of the BACIX algorithm. Although less sensitive than coherent integration, semi-coherent integration based on inter-block conjugate products is computationally more efficient. In addition, it can handle large frequency changes. The BASIC algorithm is first formulated in the paper. Computer simulation results are then presented to illustrate the operation and performance of the BASIC algorithm for joint estimation of the initial frequency, chirping rate (rate of change in frequency), bit sync, and bit sign pattern. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Nguyen, Tbao; Blasch, Exik] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Mikel] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. FU [FA8650-05-C-1808]; [FA8650-05-C-1828] FX Research supported in part under Contracts No. FA8650-05-C-1808 and FA8650-05-C-1828, which are gratefully acknowledged. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 1341 EP + DI 10.1109/PLANS.2008.4570122 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700160 ER PT B AU Cook, G Glushchenko, AV Reshetnyak, VY Beckel, ER Saleh, MA Evans, DR AF Cook, G. Glushchenko, A. V. Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Beckel, E. R. Saleh, M. A. Evans, D. R. GP IEEE TI Liquid crystal inorganic hybrid photorefractives SO 2008 IEEE/LEOS WINTER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting CY JAN 14-16, 2008 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE ID HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT AB We report on the photorefractive properties of liquid crystals sandwiched between windows of cerium doped strontium barium niobate (Ce:SBN). This adaptable design has been used to create devices using pure nematic liquid crystals, ferroelectric nanoparticle doped liquid crystals, and cholesteric liquid crystals. In all these systems, modulation of the liquid crystal molecules is driven by the surface space-charge field from the inorganic windows. Owing to the large effective trap density in the Ce:SBN, high resolution gratings with two-beam coupling gain coefficients of up to 1400 cm(-1) have been achieved in the Bragg regime. C1 [Cook, G.; Saleh, M. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Glushchenko, A. V.] Union Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.] Univ Kyiv, Natl Taras Shevchenko, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Beckel, E. R.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Saleh, M. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Cook, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gary.cook@fnnet.wpafbml.org RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1594-6 PY 2008 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSWT.2008.4444434 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHS06 UT WOS:000255866900066 ER PT S AU Green, L Ruffin, PB Holt, JC Hamilton, JS Turner, RJ Gallman, K AF Green, LeMonte Ruffin, Paul B. Holt, James C. Hamilton, Jones S. Turner, Reginald J. Gallman, Kelvin GP IEEE TI A CASE FOR EMBEDDED OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Optical fibers; Interconnections; Embedded Networking; Apache Longbow AB The weight of a vehicle's data and power cables will increase due to increased need for electronic components that are spread throughout the craft Advances in lasing and optical fiber systems present an opportunity for designers to embed optics into the vehicle's subsystems to reduce interconnect weight because glass is approximately 1/4. the weight of copper. This paper presents four types (levels) of optical integration showing the respective weight reducing benefits for several subsystems of the Apache Longbow helicopter. Systematic examinations of a subset of the Apache's systems indicate weight reductions will vary based upon the level of integration: the interconnect weight could increase (studies show -121% change) or decrease dramatically (studies show 89% weight improvement). Thus, this work demonstrates that while benefits could be large, careless introduction of optical technology into a vehicle like the Apache can have diminished or even detrimental effects. C1 [Green, LeMonte] Cent City Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Turner, Reginald J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ruffin, Paul B.; Holt, James C.; Hamilton, Jones S.] US Army, RDECOM AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Gallman, Kelvin] US Marines Corps, Las Vegas, NV 89141 USA. RP Green, L (reprint author), Cent City Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 93 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300015 ER PT S AU Lin, DM Liou, LL AF Lin, David. M. Liou, Lihyeh L. GP IEEE TI TWO SIGNAL HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE AND HIGH RESOLUTION WIDEBAND DIGITAL RECEIVER USING BEAT FREQUENCY SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB This paper describes how to build a wideband digital receiver using 2 FFTs with bit-reduced kernels and beat frequency resulting from the square of the sampled input data. It reduces the computation time, increases the instantaneous dynamic range, and improves the frequency resolution if compared with a typical fix point FFT approach. Without losing the generality, a 10 bit A/D converter, 2.56 GHz sampling rate, and 256 points of data processing are used for illustration of this approach. The Matlab simulations are used to compare the new approach with the approach using a 10-bit fix point FFT. The simulation results are tabulated. C1 [Lin, David. M.; Liou, Lihyeh L.] AF Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lin, DM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300064 ER PT S AU Compton, M Hopkinson, K Graham, S AF Compton, Matthew Hopkinson, Kenneth Graham, Scott GP IEEE TI THE NETWORK TASKING ORDER (NTO) SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Information and network communications play a vital role in the everyday operations of the United States Armed Forces. As the Department of Defense moves more toward Net-Centric Warfare, this role will only increase. Traditional work in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) assumes there is no knowledge available about mobility patterns or communication traffic over time. However, this is generally not the case in military networks. In this article, we put forward the notion of a Network Tasking Order (NTO), which exploits a priori knowledge of network characteristics such as required data input/output, communications capability, and communications capacity. The concept of an NTO is defined as a parallel to the Air Tasking Order (A TO). Our premise is that the knowledge in an NTO can be used to achieve greater network reliability, to attain better network management, and to assist in optimizing network topology and routing. We present a scenario in which, based upon information contained in an NTO, low priority messages are either redirected or scaled back to avoid having high priority messages dropped from the network. C1 [Compton, Matthew; Hopkinson, Kenneth; Graham, Scott] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Compton, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 699 EP 705 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300106 ER PT S AU Sun, K Xu, R Deng, JL Haynes, L Li, JH Gruenwald, L Sanchez, C Weber, G Mayhew, MJ AF Sun, Kun Xu, Roger Deng, Julia Haynes, Leonard Li, Jason H. Gruenwald, Le Sanchez, Carlos Weber, Gifford Mayhew, Michael J. GP IEEE TI SECURING MANET DATABASES USING METADATA AND CONTEXT INFORMATION SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Existing commercial database security products cannot guarantee to provide the same level database security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) as in wired networks. In this paper, we presented a secure MANET database system that uses metadata and context information for database access control. First, we designed and implemented a context-based security model that uses context factors, such as location and velocity, to make security and trust decisions on granting database access. This model can detect the abnormal behaviors from compromised mobile nodes and alleviate the damages from the attackers. Second, we implemented a metadata-based mandatory access control mechanism to achieve multiple security level across different security domains. In summary, we integrated the context-based access control model with the traditional mandatory access control model to ensure access control for MANET databases. C1 [Sun, Kun; Xu, Roger; Deng, Julia; Haynes, Leonard; Li, Jason H.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Gruenwald, Le; Sanchez, Carlos; Weber, Gifford] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mayhew, Michael J.] RIEB, AFRL, CDIS Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA8750-08-C-0008] FX This work was supported by U.S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) under contract number: FA8750-08-C-0008. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1088 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300163 ER PT S AU Mason, JF Luecke, KR Luke, JA AF Mason, James F. Luecke, Kenn R. Luke, Jahn A. GP IEEE TI DEVICE DRIVERS IN TIME AND SPACE PARTITIONED OPERATING SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Current and future aircraft systems require real-time embedded software with greater fexibility than what was previously available for production aircraft. Some,flexibility for real-time embedded software systems has been achieved recently through Time and Space Partitioned (TSP) operating systems. TSP operating systems have been implemented through ARINC-653 architectures by a number of commercial vendors to support safety critical applications. However, for increased functionality and fexibility to support future battle space scenarios, aircraft will need to communicate over multiple networks while maintaining data separation and Multiple Levels of Security (MLS). As a result, new MLS-capable real time operating systems referred to as Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety (MILS) separation kernels are emerging and in the process of being certified. The ARINC-653 standard, which too is used by the new MILS kernel, will allow for independently produced applications to run together on the same hardware and provide most of the capability necessary for isolating applications with different security levels. With MILS, functionality such as device drivers, files systems, and networks stacks are moved out of the RTOS and put into partitions, so the kernel can be affordably evaluated (using mathematical verification) and information flow, data isolation, periods processing, and damage limitation can be enforced To better understand the impacts of separating device drivers from the kernel, Boeing moved the bulk of a Dy-4 Systems' MIL-STD-1553 device driver functionality out of a RTOS kernel and into an application partition. This paper details the design, decisions, effort, results, and lessons learned as a result of performing this activity under the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) program in support of the CV-22. AFRL's objective was to gain insight and promote the development and application of commercial TSP operating systems for real-time embedded software systems. C1 [Mason, James F.; Luecke, Kenn R.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Luke, Jahn A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mason, JF (reprint author), Boeing Co, St Louis, MO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1180 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300177 ER PT S AU Bahn, WL Baird, LC Collins, MD AF Bahn, William L. Baird, Leemon C., III Collins, Michael D. GP IEEE TI OSCILLATOR MISMATCH AND JITTER COMPENSATION IN CONCURRENT CODECS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The advent of concurrent coding theory means that onmidirectional communication systems can possess a level of keyless jam-resistance comparable to that of traditional spread spectrum systems, all of which rely on shared secret keys. To achieve this, concurrent codecs possess the ability to efficiently separate multiple legitimate codewords that have beer? superimposed. This is achieved by leveraging a highly asymmetric sensitivity to bit errors and, consequently, a reliance on communication channels having correspondingly high degrees of asymmetry in their bit error probabilities. While suitable physical channels must possess inherently high degrees of asymmetry; this asymmetry can be artificially enhanced using post processing techniques with the effect that system designers can trade small amounts of jam-resistance for increases in noise immunity. Furthermore, to rob potential adversaries of the option of attacking the receiver's ability, to synchronize with the transmitted signal, concurrent codecs do not perform real-time adaptive synchronization and instead use asynchronous protocols. To avoid bit misalignments over the length of the packet, such protocols normally require that transmitters and receivers have oscillators with frequency tolerances on the order of one part in test times the packet length. However, a concurrent codec can use simple post-processing techniques to exploit the asymmetry in bit error sensitivity to give receivers high degrees of immunity to timing jitter as well as high tolerances to oscillator mismatch. This has implications not only for processing gain, but also for implementation cost since transceivers can utilize oscillators having greatly relaxed specifications compared to that required by traditional systems. This paper presents these techniques and analyzes their impact on jam-resistance and oscillator performance requirements. C1 [Bahn, William L.; Baird, Leemon C., III] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Collins, Michael D.] Dept Def, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bahn, WL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Air Force Information Operations Center (AFOIC); Lackland AFB, TX FX This work was sponsored in part by the Air Force Information Operations Center (AFOIC), Lackland AFB, TX, and was performed principally at the Academy Center for Cyberspace Research (ACCR) at the United States Air Force Academy. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1781 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300271 ER PT S AU Carvalho, M Granados, A Naqvi, W Brothers, A Hanna, JP Turck, K AF Carvalho, Marco Granados, Adrian Naqvi, Waseem Brothers, Alfred Hanna, James P. Turck, Kurt GP IEEE TI Cross-Layer Communications Substrate for Tactical Information Management Systems SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB In this paper we introduce XLayer, a cross-layer communications substrate for tactical Information Management Systems which enable nodes on a radio network to seamlessly communicate with nodes on different heterogeneous networks. While conventional cross-layer strategies for tactical environments tend to focus on the localized optimization between neighbor layers of the communications stack, our approach focuses on the interface between middleware and the underlying communications infrastructure. The XLayer communications substrate leverages native information and services available at the tactical communications infrastructure to improve the functionally and capabilities of overlay applications and middleware. The XLayer also provides the necessary interfaces and mechanisms to enable application-driven requirements to parameterize and regulate the operation of the underlying communications infrastructure. After a brief description of the target environment and system requirements we will introduce the proposed design for the cross-layer communications substrate, highlighting specialized controllers and adaptors for communication interfaces and tactical radios. We will then introduce new cross-layer strategies for discovery, routing and transport targeted to Information Management System (IMS)-support, followed by our NS-2 simulation results, analysis, and conclusions. C1 [Carvalho, Marco; Granados, Adrian] Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. [Naqvi, Waseem; Brothers, Alfred] Raytheon Co, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Hanna, James P.; Turck, Kurt] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Carvalho, M (reprint author), Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2406 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301086 ER PT S AU Kuthethoor, G Sesha, P Strohm, J Lu, JY Hansupichon, C Hadynski, G Climek, D DelMedico, J Kiwior, D Dunbrack, D Parker, D AF Kuthethoor, Giri Sesha, Prakash Strohm, John Lu, Jia-ying Hansupichon, Chokchai Hadynski, Greg Climek, David DelMedico, John Kiwior, Diane Dunbrack, Dan Parker, David GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS TO NETCONF FOR AIRBORNE TACTICAL NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE NETCONF; airborne network AB Network Configuration (NETCONF) is a widely used protocol to deploy configuration of network devices. NETCONF uses different transport layer protocols like Secure Shell (SSH), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), or Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) (IETF RFCs 4 742 through 4 744), and assumes availability of a high bandwidth network for successful configuration deployment. In a dynamic MANET tactical edge network consisting of fast-moving aircraft and terrain obscuration, conditions exist where traditional NETCONF may be less effective and eventually fails to provide guaranteed services to the War Fighter. In this paper, we will look at the performance of NETCONF in a limited bandwidth constrained environment with periods of high packet loss. We will also consider the performance effect of using other compression algorithms and Binary XML to reduce the amount of configuration data that is sent. Finally, we will study the usage of UDP-based NETCONF transport to improve the performance of NETCONF By using UDP, data can be delivered more quickly than in a TCP-based transport. The performance analysis of such an airborne network as applied to different tactical scenarios with hundreds of assets will be accomplished through simulation. C1 [Kuthethoor, Giri; Sesha, Prakash; Strohm, John; Lu, Jia-ying; Hansupichon, Chokchai] Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Hadynski, Greg; Climek, David; DelMedico, John] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Kiwior, Diane; Dunbrack, Dan; Parker, David] MITRE Bedford, Bedford, MA USA. RP Kuthethoor, G (reprint author), Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2847 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301153 ER PT S AU Kuthethoor, G Sesha, P Strohm, J O'Neal, P Hadynski, G Climek, D DelMedico, J Kiwior, D Dunbrack, D Parker, D AF Kuthethoor, Giri Sesha, Prakash Strohm, John O'Neal, Preston Hadynski, Greg Climek, David DelMedico, John Kiwior, Diane Dunbrack, Dan Parker, David GP IEEE TI POLICY MANAGEMENT IN AIRBORNE TACTICAL NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE policy management; pdp; pep; cops-pr AB Policy management in a traditional IP network is accomplished by employing Policy Enforcement Points (PEP) and Policy Decision Points (PDP). Policy management has a configuration model and an outsourcing model. In a configuration model, a PDP will send new policies to a PEP to enforce. In an outsourcing model, a PEP will contact a PDP for a decision as to admit or deny traffic. In dynamic airborne tactical edge networks, fast-moving aircraft and terrain obscuration combine to create conditions where traditional policy management may be less effective to be deployed and fielded In this paper, we study the efficacy of the configuration model in a dynamic Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) by trying to answer the following questions: How quickly can we rectify a network problem by deploying new policies? Is it possible to deploy a new policy if the problem restricts communication between PDP and PEP? We will also study a case where a PEP will contact a PDP to decide on granting or denying a resource reservation request as applicable to the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). This study will also consider the usage of advanced and aggregated RSVP (A-RSVP and AR-RSVP) protocols for making resource reservations. Modifications to the policy enforcement algorithms will be proposed to improve and meet end-to-end Service Level Agreements. The performance analysis in a simulation environment will be conducted for various tactical edge network scenarios. C1 [Kuthethoor, Giri; Sesha, Prakash; Strohm, John; O'Neal, Preston] Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Hadynski, Greg; Climek, David; DelMedico, John] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Kiwior, Diane; Dunbrack, Dan; Parker, David] MITRE Bedford, Bedford, MA USA. RP Kuthethoor, G (reprint author), Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM giri.kuthethoor@lmco.com; prakash.m.sesha@lmco.com; john.strohm@lmco.com; preston.o'neal@lmco.com; greg.hadynski@rl.af.mil; david.climek.ctr@rl.af.mil; John.DelMedico.ctr@rl.af.mil; dkiwior@mitre.org; dunbrack@mitre.org; david.parker.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2854 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301154 ER PT S AU Reid, JR Hanna, D Webster, RT AF Reid, J. Robert Hanna, Drayton Webster, Richard T. GP IEEE TI A 40/50 GHz diplexer realized with three dimensional copper micromachining SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Millimeter wave filters; Millimeter wave circuits; Diplexers; Resonators; Micromachining; Microelectromechanical Systems ID TRANSMISSION-LINES AB This paper describes the design and measurement of a millimeter-wave (40/50GHz) diplexer fabricated using a three dimensional metal micromachining process. The measured diplexer has channels at 40.8 GHz and 51.1 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 2.36 GHz (5.8%) and 2.07 GHz (4.05%) and mid-band insertion loss of 1.58 dB and 3.52 dB, respectively. The diplexer measures 7.0 mm x 3.9 mm x 0.745 mm. It is fabricated from two comb line filters realized with microfabricated stripline resonators. The three-dimensional copper metal micromachining process utilized to fabricate the diplexer has demonstrated integration with active components and the diplexer is fabricated on wafer with a variety of other passive components. C1 [Reid, J. Robert; Hanna, Drayton; Webster, Richard T.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-1780-3 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2008 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIT08 UT WOS:000262480000204 ER PT S AU Barnes, PN Levin, GA Durkin, EB AF Barnes, Paul N. Levin, George A. Durkin, Edward B. GP IEEE TI Superconducting Generators for Airborne Applications and YBCO Coated Conductors SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE high-temperature superconductors; YBCO; superconducting tapes; superconducting wire; superconducting rotating machines; superconducting materials; YBCO coated conductors ID AC LOSS CHARACTERISTICS; YBA2CU3O7-X FILMS; LOSS REDUCTION; STRIATED YBCO; LOSSES; DEPOSITION; FIELD; LAYER AB With the development of high-power applications, especially those on air platforms, power generation systems above the megawatt level will be required. Superconducting generators can address this need. Recently, several successful rotating machinery projects demonstrated the practicality and feasibility of the technology using the high temperature superconducting BSCCO wire. With progress of the newer superconducting YBCO coated conductor to longer lengths, addition improvement can be made to these superconducting devices. This presentation will address the use of the superconducting generator from an airborne perspective and then address the benefits and some issues for the employment of YBCO coated conductors in future demonstrations. C1 [Barnes, Paul N.; Durkin, Edward B.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Levin, George A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; edward.durkin@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800067 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Pasala, KM AF Malas, John A. Pasala, Krishna M. GP IEEE TI RADAR SIGNATURE ANALYSIS USING INFORMATION THEORY SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Radar; Information Theory; Automatic Target Recognition AB The ability to make radar signature databases portable for use within similar sensor systems is critical to the affordability of airborne signature exploitation systems. The capability to hybridize measured and synthetic signature database components will maximize the impact of the investment required to build complex radar signature databases. Modal mutual information is developed as a measure of similarity to compare measured field data to modeled synthetic data The approach is demonstrated using synthetic signature sets comprised of both "similar targets" and "dissimilar targets". C1 [Malas, John A.; Pasala, Krishna M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mala.s@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2008.4720978 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000001 ER PT S AU Patton, LK Rigling, BD AF Patton, Lee K. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Modulus constraints in adaptive radar waveform design SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Adaptive Waveform Design; Modulus Constraints; Peak-Power Constraints ID SIGNAL; NOISE AB Within the taxonomy of adaptive waveform generation methodologies is the family of arbitrary waveform design algorithms, which are capable of designing both the modulus and phase of a complex-valued waveform in response to changes in the operational environment of the sensor. Algorithms of this kind have been the subject of renewed research interest as a consequence of the relatively recent advances in linear RF power amplifiers, arbitrary waveform generators, and computational capability. In this paper, we use hardware considerations to argue that constraints on the maximum waveform modulus will generally supersede the total energy constraint commonly found in the literature. In order to illustrate the deleterious effects on system performance that can arise when these modulus constraints are not accounted for, we subjected recently published waveform design algorithms to maximum modulus limitations in simulation, and we present the results here. We also propose a novel arbitrary waveform design algorithm that accounts for both maximum modulus constraints and constraints on the waveform's autocorrelation function. Simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of this algorithm are presented. C1 [Patton, Lee K.] USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Patton, LK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.patton@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000035 ER PT S AU Farooq, J Temple, MA Saville, MA AF Farooq, Jawad Temple, Michael A. Saville, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Exploiting frequency diverse array processing to improve SAR image resolution SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE SAR; Frequency Diversity AB Cross-range resolution in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is primarily a function of the angular extent (Delta theta) over which data is collected. In [1], the authors proposed a method for improving cross-range resolution for a given Delta theta by use of frequency diverse array (FDA) techniques. The goal was to exploit an apparent increase in Delta theta to improve cross-range resolution while retaining benefits of shorter synthetic apertures and integration times using a linear FDA. This paper extends those efforts and introduces the application of FDA techniques to improve range resolution. C1 [Farooq, Jawad; Temple, Michael A.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Farooq, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jawad.farooq@afit.edu; michael.temple@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000082 ER PT S AU Parker, JT Norgard, J AF Parker, Jason T. Norgard, John GP IEEE TI Autofocusing for RF Tomography Using Particle Swarm Optimization SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE tomography; autofocusing; particle swarm optimization ID SHARPNESS AB RF tomography employs geometric diversity to obtain high resolution images of targets, potentially with narrow band waveforms. In order to properly capitalize on this spatial diversity, precise knowledge of the sensor positions is required to sub-wavelength accuracy. While GPS can provide good estimates for these locations, remaining uncertainties distort the images produced and limit their utility. In this paper, an autofocusing approach is proposed to compensate for these uncertainties. A cost function is established for the image by evaluating the sharpness of image sub-regions in the neighborhood of known point-like targets. These targets can be identified either from a knowledge base or by examining preliminary imaging results. The cost function is then minimized by adjusting the estimated sensor positions using particle swarm optimization. The algorithm is shown to significantly improve the quality of RF tomographic images, allowing the separation of closely spaced targets that were severely distorted in uncorrected images. Results are provided for both simulated and measured data. A discussion of potential enhancements and wider applications of the algorithm is also included. C1 [Parker, Jason T.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Norgard, John] US AF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Parker, JT (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.Parker@wpafb.af.mil; j.norgard@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 863 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000158 ER PT S AU Hersey, RK Melvin, WL Culpepper, E AF Hersey, Ryan K. Melvin, William L. Culpepper, Edwin GP IEEE TI Dismount Modeling and Detection from Small Aperture Moving Radar Platforms SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Radar; Modeling; Space-time adaptive processing AB Future advanced radar systems must detect targets of diminishing radar cross section (RCS) at low radial velocity, in demanding clutter and interference environments. Presently, a deficiency in radar detection performance exists between the capabilities of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for fixed target indication and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for ground moving target indication (GMTI) of targets with low ground track velocity. Dismounts, individuals or groups running, walking, or crawling, constitute a class of targets that falls into this netherworld between SAR and STAR While possessing low RCS levels and radial velocities, dismount detection is rendered even more challenging due to their complicated non-linear phase histories that give rise to significant micro-Doppler energies. In this paper we develop a physiological human-gait model for multi-channel moving radar platforms. We characterize the dismount detection performance of a notational UAV system using linear phase, quadratic phase and sinusoidal phase filters. Finally, we summarize our results and present areas of future work. C1 [Hersey, Ryan K.; Melvin, William L.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, Edwin] US AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hersey, RK (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ryan.hersey@gtri.gatech.edu; bill.melvin@gtri.gatech.edu; edwin.culpepper@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 972 EP + PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000178 ER PT S AU Townsend, J Saville, MA Hong, S Martin, RK Simpson, C Mayhew, O AF Townsend, James Saville, Michael A. Hong, Seng Martin, Richard K. Simpson, Chad Mayhew, Oscar GP IEEE TI Waveform Optimization for Electronic Countermeasure Technique Generation SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Optimization; hardware-in-the-loop simulation; electronic countermeasures; radar ID RADAR AB Recent work on electronic countermeasure (ECM) technique generation employed genetic algorithm optimization methods to define simple range-gate pull-off waveforms against a generic range-tracking radar simulation. This automated approach has potential to greatly reduce technique development time which is traditionally prolonged by manual experimentation. However, it also inspires a more generalized approach to optimization with hardware-in-the-loop configurations. This work investigates and develops the underlying mathematical and empirical framework for using optimization algorithms for hardware-in-the-loop simulation and testing. Unlike other reported radar/ECM optimization simulations, this approach uses a cost function library and scoring definition to separate simulation from the optimization algorithm, and is easily adapted to hardware-in-the-loop testing. In addition, effects from electromagnetic scattering and radar receiver processing may be measured, removing the need for completely defined objective functions. Finally, this approach nicely generalizes to multiple simultaneous cost function optimization. The method is demonstrated using the well-known range-gate pull-off technique, but is adaptable to other ECM techniques. Future efforts will investigate specific optimization algorithms for the multi-objective problem. C1 [Townsend, James; Saville, Michael A.; Martin, Richard K.; Mayhew, Oscar] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hong, Seng] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Simpson, Chad] Mac Auley Brown Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Townsend, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.townsend@afit.edu; michael.saville@afit.edu; seng.hong@wpafb.af.mil; richard.martin@afit.edu; chad.simpson@macb.com; osear.mayhew@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Center for Cyberspace Research, Air Force Institute of Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Gary Lamont, Mr. Nathan Landis, and Mr. Pat Marshall for helpful discussions, and Dr. Fariba Fahroo of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding the initial stages of this effort. In addition, the authors acknowledge the generous support from the Center for Cyberspace Research, Air Force Institute of Technology. Finally, the views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1064 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000196 ER PT S AU Subotic, NS Thelen, B Cooper, K Buller, W Parker, J Browning, J Beyer, H AF Subotic, Nikola S. Thelen, Brian Cooper, Kyle Buller, William Parker, Jason Browning, James Beyer, Howard GP IEEE TI Distributed RADAR Waveform Design Based on Compressive Sensing Considerations SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Waveform Design; Distributed RADAR; Compressive Sensing ID SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION; CLUTTER AB In this paper we describe a joint waveform design methodology for distributed imaging RADARs using the concepts of compressive sensing. Compressive sensing is an active area of research that offers the promise of good object reconstruction with a sparse measurement set. The measurement set of the scene is based on a set of 'probes,' the RADAR waveforms. The set of measurements must satisfy the restricted isometry property and the scene being interrogated must be 'compressible' meaning that it can be sparsely represented in some basis. We examine waveform and position considerations for a distributed RADAR system to satisfy these constraints and show their impact on waveform design and image reconstruction. C1 [Subotic, Nikola S.; Thelen, Brian; Cooper, Kyle; Buller, William] Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Beyer, Howard] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Parker, Jason; Browning, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subotic, NS (reprint author), Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Nikola.Subotic@mtu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-05-C-0237] FX This work was performed under Air Force Research Laboratory Contract FA8750-05-C-0237. The monitoring office is AFRL/SNRT. The technical point of contact is Mr. Howard Beyer (315)-330-1476. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Mark Stuff for his helpful discussions and comments. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1408 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001053 ER PT S AU Townsend, JD Saville, MA Hong, SM Martin, RK AF Townsend, James D. Saville, Michael A. Hong, Seng M. Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Simulator for Velocity Gate Pull-Off Electronic Countermeasure Techniques SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE deception jamming; Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP); countermeasures AB This paper explores the use of implementing deception waveforms in the Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) model for efficient waveform optimization in hardware-in-the-loop simulation. By understanding Range Gate Pull-Off (RGPO) techniques developed in a generic form, Velocity Gate Pull-Off (VGPO) technique models can be explored in a similar manner. The VGPO mathematical models are developed using a STAP framework to simplify the optimization cost function. The STAP model, implemented in MATLAB, is solely used to represent a series of electronic countermeasure signals. Using the proposed implementation, the ECM waveform can be injected in the HILS architecture via simulation or hardware. Initial results reveal that the pulse-indexed STAP representation is M times better than a time-indexed signal representation while naturally including coordinated RGPO/VGPO. C1 [Townsend, James D.; Saville, Michael A.; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hong, Seng M.] Air Force Res Lab RYRA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Townsend, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.townsend@afit.edu; michael.saville@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu FU Center for Cyberspace Research, Air Force Institute of Technology. FX In addition, the authors acknowledge the generous support from the Center for Cyberspace Research, Air Force Institute of Technology. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1899 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001142 ER PT S AU Capraro, CT Bradaric, I Capraro, GT Lue, TK AF Capraro, Christopher T. Bradaric, Ivan Capraro, Gerard T. Lue, Tsu Kong GP IEEE TI Using genetic algorithms for radar waveform selection SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Waveform Diversity; Multistatic Radar; Genetic Algorithms; Waveform Selection AB Genetic algorithms have proven to be useful tools in optimizing complex problems with large solution spaces. Radar waveform selection is a challenging problem that may benefit from the use of genetic algorithms. Furthermore, advances in the areas of waveform diversity, multistatic radars and knowledge-aided radars are making waveform selection even more challenging. As a design tool we used genetic algorithms to perform waveform selection utilizing the autocorrelation and ambiguity functions in the fitness evaluation. Monostatic, bistatic and multistatic notional examples are presented and early results indicate that genetic algorithms can provide a useful and effective tool in waveform selection for a variety of radar configurations. C1 [Capraro, Christopher T.; Bradaric, Ivan; Capraro, Gerard T.] Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. [Lue, Tsu Kong] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Capraro, CT (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. EM gcapraro@caprarotechnologies.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1931 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001148 ER PT S AU Bradaric, I Capraro, GT Wicks, MC AF Bradaric, Ivan Capraro, Gerard T. Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Sensor placement for improved target resolution in distributed radar systems SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE multistatic radar; sensor placement; system resolution AB In this work we investigate rules for sensor placement as a way of improving multistatic radar system performances. We follow the approach of shaping the multistatic ambiguity function, but instead of different weighting rules and different waveforms, as studied in recent works, we consider different system geometries. We concentrate our attention on target resolution as a performance measure and present simulation results that illustrate the significance of adequate sensor placement in multistatic radar systems. C1 [Bradaric, Ivan; Capraro, Gerard T.] Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bradaric, I (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. EM gcapraro@caprarotechnologies.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1942 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001150 ER PT S AU Karystinos, GN Batalama, SN Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Karystinos, George N. Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Auxiliary-vector Detection on Measured Radar Data SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon ID ADAPTIVE DETECTION ALGORITHM; FILTER; SYSTEMS; ARRAYS AB Derived from statistical conditional optimization criteria, the auxiliary-vector (AV) detection algorithm starts from the target vector and adding non-orthogonal auxiliary vector components generates an infinite sequence of tests that converges to the ideal matched filter (MF) processor for any positive definite input autocorrelation matrix. When the input autocorrelation matrix is replaced by a conventional sample-average estimate, the algorithm effectively generates a sequence of estimators of the ideal matched filter that offer exceptional bias/covariance balance for any given finite-size observation data record. In this work, the AV algorithm is evaluated on collected airborne phased-array radar data from the MCARM program and is seen to outperform in probability of detection (for any given false alarm rate) all known and tested adaptive detectors (for example AMF, generalized likelihood ratio test, the multistage Wiener filter algorithm, etc.). C1 [Karystinos, George N.] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Kounoupidiana 73100, Chania, Greece. [Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGE, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Karystinos, GN (reprint author), Tech Univ Crete, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Kounoupidiana 73100, Chania, Greece. EM karystinos@telecom.tuc.gr; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; pados@eng.buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2098 EP + PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001178 ER PT S AU Hong, S Longbrake, M Saville, M Wu, ZQ AF Hong, Seng Longbrake, Mark Saville, Michael Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI NON-COHERENT COOPERATIVE JAMMER FOR MULTI-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Countermeasures; Radar Signal; Multi-platform AB Cooperative coherent systems are well-known in radar and countermeasures communities where the transmitter and receiver antennas are co-located on the same platform; hence, the radio frequency (RF) sources are synchronized and the physical separation of coherent systems is limited or confined within the same platform. To improve the effectiveness of cooperative countermeasure systems, it is highly desired to significantly increase the physical separation between cooperative elements. In this paper, we study a non-coherent cooperative RF system where the cooperative elements are located on two separate platforms without hard-line connections to them. Hence, the cooperative signal exchange among multiple cooperative elements has to be transmitted via an RF link and the non-coherent cooperative system would allow the RF source to be located on a separate platform, thus increasing the physical separation. The two cooperative elements are operated with two separate local oscillators, which leads to large non-coherency between multiple platforms. C1 [Hong, Seng; Longbrake, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Saville, Michael] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept EE, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hong, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Seng.hong@wpafb.af.mil; mark.longbrake@wpafb.af.mil; michael.saville@afit.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu FU RF Sensor Technology Division; RF Sensor Assessment Branch; Center for Cyberspace Research at the Air Force Institute of Technology FX We would like to thank Mr. William Moore, Chief, RF Sensor Technology Division, for funding this research effort, and support efforts from Mr. Tracy Johnston (Chief) and Mr. William Austin (Technical Advisor), RF Sensor Assessment Branch. This research work was supported in part by the Center for Cyberspace Research at the Air Force Institute of Technology. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2130 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001184 ER PT S AU Lundgren, W Majumder, U Backues, M Barnes, K Steed, J AF Lundgren, William Majumder, Uttam Backues, Mark Barnes, Kerry Steed, James GP IEEE TI Implementing SAR Image Processing Using Backprojection on the Cell Broadband Engine SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Cell Broadband Engine; SAR; Backprojection AB Many compute intense algorithms once deemed impractical are now being found realizable on modern multicore processors due to their massive compute power. An example of such an algorithm is the backprojection method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing. Backprojection provides many benefits compared to the other method of SAR processing, the polar format algorithm (PFA). This paper studies the implementation of convolution backprojection (CBP) on the Cell Broadband Enginey (TM) (Cell/B.E.) architecture. The paper will study how the implementation of CBP must be changed to deal with the programming issues related to using the Cell/B.E. processor. The programming issues that are studied include partitioning the work across a heterogeneous set of processors (SPEs and PPEs), managing the heterogeneous memories (small local storage and large off-chip XDR memory), overlapping processing with communication and read/writes from the XDR, and optimizing the SPE and PPE code to highly utilize all ALU paths. The Gedae programming language and multithreading compiler is used to address these programming issues. Performance of the CBP implementation on the Cell/B.E. processor using Gedae is presented. C1 [Lundgren, William; Barnes, Kerry; Steed, James] Gedae Inc, 1247 N Church St,Suite 5, Moorestown, NJ 08057 USA. [Majumder, Uttam] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Backues, Mark] SET Corp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Lundgren, W (reprint author), Gedae Inc, 1247 N Church St,Suite 5, Moorestown, NJ 08057 USA. EM wlundgren@gedae.com; uttam.majumder@wpafb.af.mil; mark.backues@wpafb.af.mil; kbarnes@gedae.com; jsteed@gedae.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2188 EP + PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001195 ER PT B AU Hubenko, V Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Mills, R Grimaila, M AF Hubenko, Victor, Jr. Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Mills, Robert Grimaila, Michael GP IEEE TI A secure and efficient satellite-based multicast architecture SO 2008 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE data security; multicast; satellite communication ID GROUP COMMUNICATION AB Low earth orbit satellite-based multicasting technologies are well-suited for secure group communications in a widely distributed, highly mobile environment(1). We present a novel modular multicasting architecture designed to increase system scalability for secure operations in a low earth orbiting satellite system. Simulation results demonstrate superior per-user average re-keying performance over baseline and clusterized architectures in various modeled scenarios. In scenarios with highly mobile users, the architecture achieved a nine-fold reduction in average user re-keying. C1 [Hubenko, Victor, Jr.; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Mills, Robert; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hubenko, V (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM victor.hubenko@afit.edu; richard.raines@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; robert.mills@afit.edu; michael.grimaila@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1462-8 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2008 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463470 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHU48 UT WOS:000256458600058 ER PT S AU Matyjas, JD Medley, MJ Oxley, ME Reichhart, SP AF Matyjas, John D. Medley, Michael J. Oxley, Mark E. Reichhart, Stephen P. GP IEEE TI Convex optimization in wireless CDMA receiver design SO 2008 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE adaptive filtering; CDMA; convex optimization; covariance estimation; MMSE; quadratic constraint ID INTERFERENCE; PROBABILITY; ERROR AB The objective of this work is the development of cross-layer network receiver designs for wireless CDMA communications with a special emphasis given to high-dimensional adaptive processing under small sample support (e.g. rapidly-changing environments). In this work, we propose a quadratically-constrained MVDR/MMSE filter in an effort to achieve superior filtering performance under limited sample support adaptations. The quadratically-constrained MVDR/MMSE filter estimator utilizes a parameterized estimate of the input covariance matrix that is given as a convex combination of the sample-average covariance matrix and a scalar multiple of its inverse. Selection methods based on the limited sample support are proposed for both the inverse matrix multiplicative scalar as well as the convex parameter, and they can be applied more generally to other adaptive decision techniques such as selection of the diagonally-loaded MVDR parameter. C1 [Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael J.; Reichhart, Stephen P.] USAF, Res Lab, RIGE, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Oxley, Mark E.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matyjas, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RIGE, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4244-1462-8 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2008 BP 503 EP + DI 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463539 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHU48 UT WOS:000256458600127 ER PT B AU Quach, TK Bryant, CA Creech, GL Groves, KS James, TL Mattamana, AG Orlando, PL Patel, VJ Drangmeister, RG Johnson, LM Kormanyos, BK Bonebright, RK AF Quach, T. K. Bryant, C. A. Creech, G. L. Groves, K. S. James, T. L. Mattamana, A. G. Orlando, P. L. Patel, V. J. Drangmeister, R. G. Johnson, L. M. Kormanyos, B. K. Bonebright, R. K. BE Chappell, WJ TI X-band receiver front-end chip in silicon germanium technology SO 2008 IEEE TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS, DIGEST OF PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF 2008) CY JAN 23-25, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc AB This paper reports a demonstration of X-Band receiver RF front-end components and the integrated chipset implemented in 0.18 mu m Silicon Germanium (SiGe) technology. The system architecture consists of a single down conversion from X-Band at the input to S-Band at the intermediate frequency (IF) output. The microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) includes an X-Band low noise amplifier, lead-lag splitter, balanced amplifiers, double balanced mixer, absorptive filter, and an IF amplifier. The integrated chip achieved greater than 30 dB of gain and less than 6 dB of noise figure. C1 [Quach, T. K.; Bryant, C. A.; Creech, G. L.; Groves, K. S.; James, T. L.; Mattamana, A. G.; Orlando, P. L.; Patel, V. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Quach, TK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Tony.Quach@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1855-8 PY 2008 BP 17 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHK14 UT WOS:000253709400005 ER PT S AU Crouch, JW Patel, HJ Kim, YC Bennington, RW AF Crouch, James W. Patel, Hiren J. Kim, Yong C. Bennington, Robert W. GP IEEE TI CREATING UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS USING NATURAL PROCESSING VARIATIONS SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE AND LOGIC APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications CY SEP 08-10, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Xilinx, Altera, Synplicity, MathWorks, Mentor Graph, Recore, XMOS Semiconductor, UTIA, Actel, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID AUTHENTICATION AB In this paper, we proposes the concept of creating a circuit identifier, or digital fingerprint, for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The digital fingerprint is a function of the natural variations in the semiconductor manufacturing process that cannot be duplicated or forged. The proposed digital fingerprint allows the use of any arbitrary of nodes internal to the circuit or the circuit outputs as monitoring locations. Changes in the signal on a selected node or output can be quantified digitally over a period of time or at a specific instance of time. Two monitoring methods are proposed, one using cumulative observation of the nodes and the other samples the nodes based on a signal transition. Two monitoring methods were validated on a small sample of twenty Xilinx (R) Virtex-II Pro FPGAs, where both methods successfully created unique identifiers for each FPGA. C1 [Crouch, James W.; Patel, Hiren J.; Kim, Yong C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bennington, Robert W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crouch, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.crouch.5@us.af.mil; hiren.patel@afit.edu; yong.kim@afit.edu; robert.bennington@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-1960-9 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2008 BP 578 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIX40 UT WOS:000263578100114 ER PT B AU Beachkofski, B Dlugopolsky, J Terning, N AF Beachkofski, Brian Dlugopolsky, John Terning, Nate GP IEEE TI Fault Isolation through Test Data Analysis SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management CY OCT 06-09, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE AB The Turbine Research Facility recently experienced a mechanical failure resulting in contact between the eddy current brake's drum and coils. A review was conducted to determine the cause and determine contributing factors that led to the failure. The structural analysis combined with an analysis of the test data identified the failure mechanism and damage progression. There was a high degree of shaft misalignment that led to a higher rotor dynamic and drum structural response. The drums displacement precipitated contact whose friction prevented the motor's torque from accelerating the rotor through the resonant condition. Recommendations for condition monitoring are included in the report. C1 [Beachkofski, Brian; Dlugopolsky, John; Terning, Nate] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beachkofski, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.beachkofski@wpafb.af.mil; john.dlugopolsky@wpafb.af.mil; nate.terning@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1935-7 PY 2008 BP 394 EP 406 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJK74 UT WOS:000266719200047 ER PT B AU Marple, SL Corbell, PM Rangaswamy, M AF Marple, S. Lawrence, Jr. Corbell, Phillip M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Performance Tradeoffs for Multi-Channel Parametric Adaptive Radar Algorithms SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 02-05, 2008 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE ID MODELS AB Airborne radar systems employing radar sensor arrays utilize multi-channel (MC) signal processing techniques for optimal detection and localization of targets. The detection and localization statistics have mathematical structures that typically require evaluating the inverse of an estimated covariance matrix. Due to the size of sensor arrays and the number of pulses in a coherent processing interval (CM), the dimension of the covariance arrays is very large (1000s); the computational burden of estimating and inverting such large arrays has led to the development of parametric methodologies that significantly reduce both the computational requirements and the amount of measured data to create the estimated inverse covariance matrix. This paper compares the relative merits, by using performance tradeoff plots of six different parametric algorithms when compared to the conventional sample matrix inversion (SMI) approach. C1 [Marple, S. Lawrence, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Corbell, Phillip M.; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Boston, MA 01731 USA. RP Marple, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM marple@eecs.oregonstate.edu; phillip.corbell@hanscom.af.mil; muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2321-7 PY 2008 BP 566 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIY71 UT WOS:000263784000107 ER PT B AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Cooperative Decision Problems with Confrontation of Jamming and Estimation: Multi-Resolution Strategies for Performance Robustness SO 2008 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IEEE ID COST CUMULANTS AB The work presents an attainment of cooperative solutions in multi-person, single-objective decision problems for situations with the following complexities: (1) closed-loop performance assessment via a complete statistical description, (2) cooperative decision selection via output feedback, and (3) respective jamming confrontation and random realizations from a malevolent opponent and a stationary environment. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2504-4 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BIP32 UT WOS:000261534400001 ER PT S AU Shahady, DE Thal, AE Das, A Heminger, AR Halverson, KC AF Shahady, David E. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Das, Alok Heminger, Alan R. Halverson, Kent C. GP IEEE TI Understanding the Emergence of Disruptive Innovation in Air Force Science and Technology Organizations SO 2008 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-5 SE Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management Engineering and Technology CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Univ Pretoria, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Eskom, Exxaro, Lonmin, PBMR, Sasol, Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci HO Univ Pretoria AB Although innovation is widely discussed in both military and industry venues, many organizations continue to struggle with what it means to be creative as well as maintain a competitive advantage. Many believe that the Department of Defense (DoD) science and technology (S&T) community, once a great leader in developing breakthrough innovation, is losing the competitive edge in technology development [11]. The United States Air Force has specifically struggled with the balance between improving existing technologies and employing revolutionary technologies [18]. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the emergence of disruptive innovation in Air Force S&T and to investigate how industry innovation strategies can foster breakthrough technology [15]. By better understanding the principles of innovation, motivation, focus of resources, barriers, and characteristics of an innovative culture, the Air Force and other military technology organizations will be uniquely positioned to transform its S&T investment strategies and reassert technological relevance for the future. C1 [Shahady, David E.; Das, Alok] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-5100 BN 978-1-890843-17-5 J9 PORTL INT CONF MANAG PY 2008 BP 506 EP 518 DI 10.1109/PICMET.2008.4599660 PG 13 WC Business; Economics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIP71 UT WOS:000261710000059 ER PT S AU Bedingfield, JD Thal, AE AF Bedingfield, John D. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. GP IEEE TI Project Manager Personality as a Factor for Success SO 2008 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-5 SE Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management Engineering and Technology CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Univ Pretoria, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Eskom, Exxaro, Lonmin, PBMR, Sasol, Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci HO Univ Pretoria ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS; RATINGS AB Much has been written regarding project success, and one of the factors contributing to project success is the role of the project manager. Since project success can be enhanced by selecting the most appropriate project manager, we investigated the role of the "Big Five" personality traits on project success by surveying United States Department of Defense project managers. The findings indicate that Conscientiousness and Openness were both good predictors of successful project managers. The results may be useful as one consideration when hiring and selecting project managers. Introduction Although our understanding of project management and criteria for successful project managers has grown significantly since the 1960s, there is still much to explore. In particular, our understanding of how project manager (PM) personality might influence success has received little attention; therefore, this paper presents an initial exploratory effort to elucidate the linkage between personality and project manager performance. It begins with a review of the relevant literature regarding PM success attributes and personality as predictors of job performance, followed by the research methodology and results and recommendations. C1 [Bedingfield, John D.; Thal, Alfred E., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-5100 BN 978-1-890843-17-5 J9 PORTL INT CONF MANAG PY 2008 BP 1303 EP 1314 DI 10.1109/PICMET.2008.4599742 PG 12 WC Business; Economics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIP71 UT WOS:000261710000141 ER PT S AU Winterbottom, M Gaska, J Geri, G Sweet, B AF Winterbottom, Marc Gaska, James Geri, George Sweet, Barbara GP SID TI Late-news paper: Evaluation of a prototype grating-light-valve laser projector for flight simulation applications SO 2008 SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOL XXXIX, BOOKS I-III SE SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Society-for-Information-Display (SID 2008) CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Informat Display AB An evaluation of a prototype grating light valve laser projector indicates it has properties well-suited to flight-simulation applications. Full-field luminance and contrast, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and color stability were equal to or better than those of CRT projectors typically used in flight-simulator applications. In addition, this projector is capable of providing refresh rates greater than 60 Hz. The higher refresh rates eliminate perceived flicker, and greatly reduce (120 Hz) or eliminate (240 Hz) motion artifacts over the range of target speeds tested. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Winterbottom, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI PLAYA DEL REY PA 8055 W MANCHESTER AVE SUITE 615, PLAYA DEL REY, CA 90293 USA SN 0097-966X J9 SID INT SYMP DIG TEC PY 2008 VL 39 BP 911 EP 914 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BID34 UT WOS:000258530100231 ER PT B AU Coyne, ME Graham, SR Hopkinson, KM Kurkowski, SH AF Coyne, Mark E. Graham, Scott R. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Kurkowski, Stuart H. GP IEEE TI A METHODOLOGY FOR UNIT TESTING ACTORS IN PROPRIETARY DISCRETE EVENT BASED SIMULATIONS SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper presents a dependency injection based, unit testing methodology for unit testing components, or actors, involved in discrete event based computer network simulation via an xUnit testing framework. The fundamental purpose of discrete event based computer network simulation is verification of networking protocols used in physical-not simulated-networks. Thus, use of rigorous unit testing and test driven development methodologies mitigates risk of modeling the wrong system. We validate the methodology through the design and implementation of OPNET-Unit, an xUnit style unit testing application for an actor oriented discrete event based network simulation environment, OPNET Modeler. C1 [Coyne, Mark E.; Graham, Scott R.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coyne, ME (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.coyne@ft-meade.af.mil; scott.graham@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1012 EP 1019 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736168 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200119 ER PT B AU Belue, JM Kurkowski, SH Graham, SR Hopkinson, KM Thomas, RW Abernathy, JW AF Belue, J. Mark Kurkowski, Stuart H. Graham, Scott R. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Thomas, Ryan W. Abernathy, Joshua W. GP IEEE TI Research and Analysis of Simulation-based Networks through Multi-Objective Visualization SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Visualization of individual network events is a crucial part of testing new network designs and analyzing network performance and efficiency. This research designed and developed a framework for visualizing complex military and non-military wired and wireless networks. Our framework provides a robust network simulator trace file parser, multiple network visualization layouts-including user-defined layouts, and precise visualization controls. The parser architecture is capable of accepting trace files from different network simulators and provides one common visualization environment to study network scenarios run on different simulators. The many dynamic multi-objective network views add to the analyst's suite of tools available for analyzing networks. Analysts can toggle between the different views to provide even greater analysis capability. We describe our methodologies for the design and provide example analysis scenarios. Our framework will allow researchers to advance the state of network simulation-based analysis. C1 [Belue, J. Mark; Kurkowski, Stuart H.; Graham, Scott R.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Thomas, Ryan W.; Abernathy, Joshua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Belue, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.belue@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu; scott.graham@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; josh.abernathy@afit.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1216 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736193 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200144 ER PT B AU Johnson, AW Glasscock, C Little, A Muha, M O'Malley, D Bennett, M AF Johnson, Alan W. Glasscock, Charles Little, Adam Muha, Matthew O'Malley, David Bennett, Michael GP IEEE TI C-5 ISOCHRONAL INSPECTION PROCESS MODELING SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB United States Air Mobility Command (AMC) has a limited number of C-5 aircraft, and so opportunities to either preserve or increase aircraft availability are of interest to them. In an attempt to reduce inspection costs and promote inspection scheduling predictability, the Air Force is reducing the number of C-5 Isochronal inspection (ISO) sites from five to three. C-5 ISOs require at least two weeks and involve an exhaustive inspection of the entire aircraft. AMC headquarters staff asked us to model the new ISO process to help them understand how the reduced number of ISO locations will affect inspection timeliness. We used the problem as the class project for a graduate discrete event simulation course at the Air Force Institute of Technology. We review our process and results, and present some insights on conducting simulation research as a class assignment. C1 [Johnson, Alan W.; Glasscock, Charles; Little, Adam; Muha, Matthew; O'Malley, David; Bennett, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.johnson@afit.edu; charles.glasscock@sheppard.af.mil; adam.little@altus.af.mil; matthew.muha@wpafb.af.mil; david.omalley@randolph.af.mil; benjamin.bennett@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1242 EP 1249 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736196 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200147 ER PT B AU Pohl, AJ Lamont, GB AF Pohl, Adam J. Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI Multi-Objective UAV Mission Planning Using Evolutionary Computation SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID ALGORITHMS AB This investigation develops an innovative algorithm for multiple autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mission routing. The concept of a UAV Swami Routing Problem (SRP) as a new combinatorics problem, is developed as a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). Solutions of SRP problem model result in route assignments per vehicle that successfully track to all targets, on time, within distance constraints. A complexity analysis and multi-objective formulation of the VRPTW indicates the necessity of a stochastic solution approach leading to a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. A full problem definition of the SRP as well as a multi-objective formulation parallels that of the VRPTW method. Benchmark problems for the VRPTW are modified in order to create SRP benchmarks. The solutions show the SRP solutions are comparable or better than the same VRPTW solutions, while also representing a more realistic UAV swarm routing solution. C1 [Pohl, Adam J.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pohl, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1268 EP 1279 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736199 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200150 ER PT S AU Ewing, RL Eyster, MD AF Ewing, R. L. Eyster, M. D. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Context Processing of Sensory Image Data SO 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-05, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, Wright State Univ, Univ Patras, Virginia Tech AB The newly developing facets of technology and sensory control algorithm fuselets that will enable the envisioned information flow between the unmanned aerial system agents, will rely on cognitive advances in embedded smart perception sensory systems. Smart perception system-on-a-chip (SP-SoC) systems that sense, receive, transmit, and process signals are the analogous eyes and ears for waveform diversity. The nature of context processing implies information processing that is cognitive in classifying waveform diversity from sensory wavelet data C1 [Ewing, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, R. L.; Eyster, M. D.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-3440-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2008 BP 551 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2008.155 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BIR43 UT WOS:000262215500077 ER PT S AU Matungka, R Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Matungka, Rittavee Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Object Recognition Using Log-Polar Wavelet Mapping SO 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-05, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, Wright State Univ, Univ Patras, Virginia Tech ID TRACKING AB This paper proposes a rotation and scale invariant object recognition method which combines image feature extraction in Cartesian coordinate with the Log-Polar mapping and similarity measure techniques for classification. The method yields robustness for fast computation without any rescale needed in the target image. The method also does not use motion estimation. Thus, the method is also robust in recognizing objects without prior information of the object's motion or previous location. Experiments with real video sequences are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in practice. C1 [Matungka, Rittavee; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matungka, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM matungkr@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-00-D-1726-0014] FX This work is partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Maj Amy L. Magnus) and a Research Grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory F33615-00-D-1726-0014. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-3440-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2008 BP 559 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2008.156 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BIR43 UT WOS:000262215500078 ER PT B AU Ashe, E Grimaila, M Carter, B AF Ashe, Eric Grimaila, Michael Carter, Brian BE Armistead, L TI A framework for improving consistency of the protection of critical technologies SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE critical technology protection; anti-tamper; multilevel security database; auditing AB In this paper, we propose a framework to assure the consistent application of anti-tamper measures to protect critical technologies in Department of Defense programs. The proposed framework utilizes a secure multilevel security database to provide the capability to accurately document critical technologies and their associated protection measures; enable auditing across and between services to ensure the consistent application of anti-tamper protection measures across all Department of Defense organizations; and provides visibility of baseline critical technologies protective measures while maintaining compartmentalization of program specific information. C1 [Ashe, Eric; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000003 ER PT B AU Avitia, S Kurkowski, S van der Hoeven, L AF Avitia, Serafin Kurkowski, Stuart van der Hoeven, Luke BE Armistead, L TI Interactive visualization of fused intrusion detection data SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE IDS visualization; network situational awareness; IDS analysis; network defence; network information visualization AB Today's complex networks with their large traffic volume and increased malicious activity, make intrusion detection awareness difficult. The traditional analyst-based review of stand-alone intrusion detection system (IDS) alerts is rapidly exceeding human capability. Several different areas of research focus on reducing the number of alerts. One example would be the reduction of the number of false positive alerts generated by these IDS tools. However, the number of alerts remains large. Recent research focuses on aggregating alerts for a single tool or even the fusion of data between alerts from multiple tools and system logs, all with the goal of reducing duplicates and shortening the analysis loop across different tool sets. The research in this paper targets this fused set of alerts and log entries as our basis for developing interactive visualizations. This fused data is an aggregation of several sources providing more "information" than the raw alert data. The presence of "information" allows our visualizations to provide the analyst with more context and knowledge than traditional IDS-ievel data visualizations such as parallel axis plots, etc. Providing both increased context and interaction for data exploration enables an analyst to achieve increased situational awareness quicker and easier. Linking multiple views of the information to maintain focus and context allows the analyst to see not only malicious activity, but also what assets are affected and where activities may be directed next. The traditional approach of an analyst working in isolation with a single tool's output and then passing brief reports to others to correlate are limiting activities. Synergistic visualizations of the network data aggregated from alerts and logs can lead to the elimination of an entire layer or phase of analysis operations. Visualizations of the fused data allow direct analysis across tools thus improving the analysis process. C1 [Avitia, Serafin; Kurkowski, Stuart; van der Hoeven, Luke] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000004 ER PT B AU Bahn, W Baird, L Collins, M AF Bahn, William Baird, Leemon Collins, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Jam resistant communications without shared secrets SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE spread spectrum; jam-resistance; physical layer AB Information security is only attained when all four of the classic information assurance goals confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and availability - are attained. The work presented focuses exclusively on the availability goal; in particular, maintaining the availability of the physical layer link in an omnidirectional wireless communications system. Hostile jamming is a direct attack on the availability of an information resource. As the United States develops the Global Information Grid (GIG), key management will be a challenging problem. While much progress has been made utilizing asymmetric cryptography and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to manage keys that encrypt, decrypt, and authenticate data, the keys used to protect the physical communication layer from hostile jamming are highly vulnerable. In particular, battlefield ad hoc wireless networks are at significant risk. Preferred jam resistant methods rely on highly-directional links (e.g., beam-forming antennas, lasers, or physical cable), but realistic operational environments will continue to rely heavily on omnidirectional radio frequency (RF) links as well. Presently, such links rely on spread spectrum techniques for jam-resistance, all which currently require symmetric (shared-secret) keys. While shared-secret schemes are workable in small networks, the scale and nature of theater-wide, mobile, ad-hoc wireless networks will quickly overwhelm any practical key management strategy. Not only will the initial distribution of keys be difficult, but preventing keys from being compromised and re-keying when the inevitable compromises occur will place extreme burdens on the system. In addition, commercial systems such as cellular phone networks face similar challenges as their need for jam resistance becomes more evident. Furthermore, public-access systems such as the civilian side of the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system preclude reliance on secret keys since, by definition, the pool of authorized users includes everyone. Yet while civilian GPS is recognized as having little jam-resistance, the present trend calls for increased reliance on it for civil aviation, The availability goal in such large-scale and/or public access omnidirectional systems can only be achieved if the physical layer link can remain available in the face of significant hostile jamming even without a shared secret in place. This paper describes the first algorithms that make unkeyed jam-resistant omnidirectional physical links possible: the BBC encoding and decoding algorithms. We describe these algorithms and how they can be implemented in suitable physical layers. Such physical layers, while not secure in and of themselves, can serve as the foundation upon which well-established asymmetric techniques can be used to construct secure communications channels. C1 [Bahn, William; Baird, Leemon; Collins, Michael] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000005 ER PT B AU Boleng, J Schweitzer, D Gibson, D AF Boleng, Jeff Schweitzer, Dino Gibson, David BE Armistead, L TI Developing cyber warriors SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE education; training; cyberspace; warfare; information AB The US Department of Defense defines cyberspace as a "domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures." Cyberspace is a warfighting domain on par with air, space, land, and sea, and the US Air Force has accepted the challenge of controlling it, defending it, and operating in it. The US Air Force Academy (USAFA) in cooperation with Air University, the AF Institute of Technology and AF Cyber Command (provisional) is developing the education and training requirements for our future cyber warriors. Much of this work builds on an already established curriculum being taught at USAFA and national training standards defined by the National Security Agency and the Department of Homeland Security. Our approach is a two-pronged effort. On one hand we provide a multi-disciplinary foundation for every graduate. We accomplish this by identifying and adding specific cyber content to our existing broad based core curriculum. On the other hand we also provide a smaller number of highly skilled, very technical, cyber warriors to support the required missions in the domain of network attack (NetA), network defense (NetD), network surveillance (NetS), and network support. We accomplish this through our accredited Computer Science major and the addition of a three course sequence including Computer Security and Information Warfare, Network Security, and Cryptography. This paper will outline the vision and broad educational requirements required for 21(st) century officers and provide details on our two-pronged approach to developing cyber warriors. C1 [Boleng, Jeff; Schweitzer, Dino; Gibson, David] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000006 ER PT B AU Boleng, J Wirges, T Schweitzer, D Hagerman, S Thurimella, R AF Boleng, Jeff Wirges, Thorsten Schweitzer, Dino Hagerman, Seana Thurimella, Ramakrishna BE Armistead, L TI Sensor Collection and Analysis of Radio Frequencies (SCARF) SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE RF collection; visualization; data fusion; system integration AB In today's net-centric warfare environment, effective management and use of the electromagnetic spectrum is critical. Increasing demands on wireless spectrum from radio traffic, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication, wireless networks, improvised explosive device (IED) jammers, and sensor networks result in sources competing for, and at times conflicting over, limited frequency spectrum. From an intelligence perspective, having a clear understanding of the RF environment, both friendly and foe, is an important essential of battlefield management. This paper presents the Sensor Collection and Analysis of Radio Frequencies (SCARF) system with a focus on the information processing requirements of the sensors and various system components. The overall architecture, sensor processing and fusion challenges, visualization algorithms, and current implementation status are discussed. C1 [Boleng, Jeff; Wirges, Thorsten; Schweitzer, Dino] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000007 ER PT B AU Bryant, A AF Bryant, Adam BE Armistead, L TI Toward detecting novel software attacks by using constructs from human cognition SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE cognitive science; information security; reverse engineering; artificial intelligence; computational intelligence AB Preventing code reverse engineering is a different type of problem than preventing infection from computer viruses or other malware. While most malware is blocked by software using rule-based signature systems or heuristics to determine functionality and respond, malware detection mechanisms are limited by the robustness of their classification systems and existing definitions. Software cracking and code reverse engineering, by contrast, are creative activities where an attacker typically employs novel solutions to circumvent protection systems and to prevent his own actions from being detected. Currently, there is no capability that totally prevents or detects code reverse engineering activities. To perfectly prevent reverse engineering of software, a system designer would have to be able to completely specify all potential attack vectors and then to implement countermeasures which address each type of attack vector. The first part of autonomically responding to a threat action is to detect it, Potential answers to the detection problem lie in artificial intelligence research, but even the most advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are currently unable to produce a system which can detect a completely novel attack vector. Human cognition abilities, on the other hand, allow a person to recognize a novel event like an attack even if it does not fall into the typical categories of what that person expects for that given event. This paper discusses Jean Piaget's cognitive development model and maps the phases of that model to different representations in computational intelligence. This mapping highlights the current state of the art of artificial intelligence and autonomic problem solving and highlights limitations of currently available approaches. This mapping will enable researchers to move toward developing theoretical and technological improvements in the hopes of detecting even novel code reverse engineering activities. This paper explores some different paths to be able to replicate the ability in a computer to detect a novel attack, classify novel events and circumstances, develop classification systems on-the-fly, and cross boundaries of classifications. C1 [Bryant, Adam] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000008 ER PT B AU Carls, J Raines, R Grimaila, M Rogers, S AF Carls, John Raines, Richard Grimaila, Michael Rogers, Steven BE Armistead, L TI Biometric security enhancements through template aging matching score analysis SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE biometric security; template aging; matching scores ID AUTOMATIC AGE ESTIMATION; VERIFICATION; SYSTEM AB Biometric technology and systems are revolutionizing identity capabilities. With biometrics maturing and in full, rapid development, there is a requirement to have a higher accuracy of identity verification. This higher accuracy will provide improvements to the security of biometric verification systems; ultimately reducing fraud, theft, and loss of resources from unauthorized personnel. With previous biometric systems, a higher acceptance threshold to obtain higher accuracy rates increased false rejection rates and user unacceptability. However, maintaining the higher accuracy rate enhances the security of the system. Through the methods presented in this paper, higher accuracy rates are obtained without lowering the acceptance threshold, therefore improving the security level, false rejection rates, and user acceptability. One area of biometrics that has a paucity of research is template aging and the adult age-progression, particularly in regards to facial aging. This paper presents methods of modeling and predicting facial template aging based on matching score analysis. A novel foundational framework for facial template aging is presented and provides a methodological framework. The groundwork discusses the techniques used in the template aging framework, to include similarities to the "perfect recognition similarity score" and "actual recognition similarity score" concepts. The matching scores are calculated using commercially available matching algorithms/SDKs against publicly available facial databases. This new framework improves performance error rates while maintaining or improving upon the overall matching and/or rejection levels. Using such scores, we can predict a timeframe if or when an individual needs to be re-enrolled with a new template. Additionally, experimental results demonstrate a significantly higher accuracy of identity verification using the presented methods. This framework ultimately enhances the security of the biometric system. C1 [Carls, John; Raines, Richard; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000009 ER PT B AU Cowan, R Grimaila, M Patel, R AF Cowan, Robert Grimaila, Michael Patel, Raju BE Armistead, L TI Using attack and protection trees to evaluate risk in an embedded weapon system SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE attack trees; protection trees; embedded weapons systems AB Previous research has demonstrated the benefits of using attack trees and protection trees to evaluate system risks. Attack and protection trees are useful in documenting and quantifying risks, determining the maximum protection capability in the presence of all control measures, and evaluating the tradeoffs between the costs of control measures and their effectiveness at mitigating risk. However, example applications of evaluating risks using attack trees and protection trees in the literature has largely been in narrow in scope, limited to simple textbook examples, and have not been proven in the analysis of complex systems. In this paper, we consider the use of attack trees and protection trees for risk quantification during the risk management process conducted on an embedded weapon system. Specifically, we will evaluate the effectiveness of attack and protection trees in documenting the threats and vulnerabilities present in a generic Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) architecture. Existing methods for risk quantification used tend to be highly subjective, depend on the knowledge of analyst, and provide very little documentation to justify protection selection decisions. Our working hypothesis is that the application of attack trees and protection trees during the risk management process can provide an efficient and effectively means to quantify system risk, justify the selection among control measures, and provide the ability to build a library of trees that can be reused in similar systems and architectures. To test our hypothesis, we will build canonical attack and protection trees, assigning probabilities and losses, and conducting a trade off analysis of control measures in order to determine the utility of the methodology. The application of this methodology potentially will provide both a framework and a visual representation of both potential risks to a weapons system and also the costs of both protecting and defending that weapons system. C1 [Cowan, Robert; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000012 ER PT B AU Fahrenkrug, D AF Fahrenkrug, David BE Armistead, L TI Cyber warfare: Rethinking strategy in the information age SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE cyberspace; information warfare; strategy; information operations; military AB This paper examines some of the strategic and operational considerations for using cyberspace in the conduct of modern warfare. Understanding the role of cyberspace will lead to greater clarity on the long anticipated revolution in military affairs that is fueled by the explosion in information technology. Unfortunately, without a clear understanding of cyberspace there is often hyperbole and exaggerated claims as to the impact that information technologies will have on the conduct of war or even the very nature of war itself. The Department of Defense recently codified its definition of cyberspace as a networked environment that is more than the internet but is nonetheless bounded. This description has led to the realization that nearly every aspect of American society is permeated by cyberspace. From cell phones, to computers, to satellite television, government, businesses, and individuals depend on the use of cyberspace. Similarly, US military operations increasingly rely on cyberspace and the networking of sensors, command and control elements, and weapons systems to conduct warfare. Adversaries are very much aware of this dependence on cyberspace and they are actively seeking ways to exploit it and gain an advantage. In the same way that air power transformed the battlefield and exposed a nation's centers of gravity to direct attack, cyberspace is breaking down the physical barriers that shield nations from attacks on commerce and communication. National defense must, therefore, include an integrated strategy founded on the principle of protecting and exploiting the use of cyberspace. This paper will also identify potential strategic advantages that result from an ability to use cyberspace to create new and different types of effects against an adversary. C1 [Fahrenkrug, David] 8th AF, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. EM david.fahrenkrug@barksdale.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000016 ER PT B AU Gorsuch, J Mullins, B Baldwin, R Raines, R AF Gorsuch, James Mullins, Barry Baldwin, Rusty Raines, Richard BE Armistead, L TI Analysis of routing worm infection rates on an IPv4 network SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE worm propagation; malicious code; matlab simulation AB Malicious logic, specifically worms, cost network users an enormous amount of resources in the form of time and money. Worms, like Slammer and Code Red, infect thousands of systems and ultimately deny whole networks access to the Internet. This paper describes the evaluation of worm propagation speeds using models developed in Matlab. Specifically, the paper examines the rate at which the original Slammer worm, a Slammer based routing worm, and a new Single Slash Eight (SSE) routing worm infect vulnerable systems within a given IP address space. A comparison of the propagation speeds from a worm on a computing system in 2003 to those available today is performed. This paper shows that both the Slammer-based routing worm and the SSE routing worm spread faster than the original Slammer. The SSE routing worm proved to be faster than any of the worms evaluated. The SSE routing worm was more than three times faster than the original Slammer worm and more than two times faster than the Slammer routing worm. Thus, the release of a similar worm on today's architecture would spread faster and cause even greater congestion than has been observed previously. As the capabilities of computer systems continue to grow, the speed of worm propagation should increase with it as their scan rates directly relate to their infection rate. C1 [Gorsuch, James; Mullins, Barry; Baldwin, Rusty; Raines, Richard] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000017 ER PT B AU Haan, N Grimaila, M Patel, R AF Haan, Nicholas Grimaila, Michael Patel, Raju BE Armistead, L TI Insider threat detection within embedded weapon systems SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE insider; insider threat; detection; threat indicators; malicious insider; weapon system AB As security conscious organizations mature their information security capabilities to protect their information infrastructure from external attacks, risk management inevitably leads them to consider the risks associated with insider threats. The need for effective insider threat detection, prevention, and mitigation is driven by the growing number and magnitude of reported losses resulting from both malicious and non-malicious insider information incidents. Insiders have a significant advantage in that they are trusted; possess elevated privileges when compared to external users; have knowledge about technical and non-technical control measures; and, in some cases, can bypass security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access. Traditional security architectures focusing only upon perimeter defenses often do not provide the capability to efficiently identify and attribute fraud, information exfiltration, and sabotage to a trusted insider. Given this combination of insider access, knowledge, and the lack of insider threat detection measures, identifying and mitigating insider threats is a challenging task. The problem is further complicated by the difficulty in quantifying the costs and benefits when making risk tradeoff decisions to mitigate insider risk. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of a generic, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) weapon system architecture in order to identify risks arising from susceptibility to insider attacks; consider the application of insider threat detection technologies, policies, and processes to mitigate risks; and discuss challenges that program managers face when making risk trade-off decisions in embedded weapons systems. Embedded weapon systems present several unique challenges when assigning controls to mitigate insider risks. Operational requirements, budget, schedule, and culture often constrain the application of "best practice" security solutions and drive the need to develop alternate layered security strategies to mitigate insider risks. Through our analysis, we intend to identify appropriate insider threat security control measures that can enhance a generic UAV weapon systems architecture and security posture. C1 [Haan, Nicholas; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000019 ER PT B AU Hansen, A Williams, P Mills, R Kanko, M AF Hansen, Andrew Williams, Paul Mills, Robert Kanko, Mark BE Armistead, L TI Cyber flag: A realistic training environment for the future SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE cyberspace; training; red flag; network warfare; information operations; LARIAT AB Now is the time for Cyber Flag - initiating and implementing an effective, comprehensive and coordinated training environment in the relatively new and quickly developing cyberspace domain. As is well understood, the rapidly unfolding challenges of cyberspace is a fundamental warfare paradigm shift revolutionizing the way future wars will be fought and won. A significant test for the Air Force (indeed any organization with a credible presence in cyberspace) will be providing a realistic training environment that fully meets this challenge, Why create another Flag level exercise? Realistic training (that which is effective, comprehensive and coordinated) is crucial to success in time of war. Red Flag provides dominant training within the air domain and now with the evolution of cyberspace, a comprehensive training environment is necessary to meet this growing and broadening threat. This paper builds on the Red Flag tactical training exercise in order to define a future environment that combines the air, space and cyberspace domains with specific emphasis on cyberspace capabilities and threats. Red Flag has and continues to be a great tactical training exercise; Cyber Flag would use the best practices of Red Flag (and other realistic training venues) to define a future training environment for the cyberspace domain. The Virtualized Intranet Platform for Exercise Realism (VIPER) combines portability with realistic replication of network architectures and traffic to enhance computer network operations during Cyber Flag. Using virtualization technology, VIPER provides a small-scale network with simulated users to act as either a target of computer network attack or a network defense problem. There is no better training than the hands-on realism associated with participation in an exercise such as Red Flag. Secretary Michael W. Wynne has a vision for dominant operations in cyberspace "comparable to the Air Force's global, strategic omnipresence in air and space." This bold vision requires a combination of joint coordination, skilled forces and a realistic training environment to bring them all together; Cyber Flag is the suggested vehicle for accomplishing this. C1 [Hansen, Andrew; Williams, Paul; Mills, Robert; Kanko, Mark] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000020 ER PT B AU Hellesen, D Grimaila, M Fortson, L Mills, R AF Hellesen, Denzil Grimaila, Michael Fortson, Larry Mills, Robert BE Armistead, L TI Information asset value quantification SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst AB In this paper, we present the development of an Information Asset Valuation (IAV) process to identify factors and attributes which collectively are used to assign value to information asset (InfoA) within a military context. Information asset valuation is composed of a summation of tangible and intangible valuation measures that attempt to quantify how the InfoA supports the organizational mission. We review existing non-military information valuation methodologies used in the accounting and law disciplines to determine their applicability in a military context as well as examine existing military information valuation methodologies to understand the effectiveness of each discipline as adaptable models for IAV. The objective of this work is to identify measures that can account for context, environment, and temporal factors which impact information valuation. A standardized taxonomy of information valuation measures would help improve consistency, reduce uncertainty, promote documentation of information value during the risk assessment process, and enable the aggregation of information asset value in support of higher level decision making processes. C1 [Hellesen, Denzil; Grimaila, Michael; Mills, Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000021 ER PT B AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Grimaila, M AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Analyzing anonymity in cyberspace SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE anonymity; metrics; communications networks; cyberspace ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB For any organization interested in securing anonymity in cyberspace, the ability to understand changes in anonymity levels during a cyber attack is crucial. To achieve anonymity actions should be separated from the agents who perform them, for some adversary. Anonymity in general as well as the anonymity of each particular agent or group is dependent upon several factors. Thus, numerous methods of analyzing anonymity in cyberspace exist. Typical approaches use simple quantifications and basic probabilistic models. This paper explores a variety of anonymity metrics. Practical applications of the metrics reveal how anonymity is defined and quantified in cyberspace. The objective is to provide a macro-level view of the systematic analysis of anonymity preservation, degradation, or elimination in existing and proposed wired and wireless anonymous communications networks. C1 [Kelly, Douglas; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 221 EP 232 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000026 ER PT B AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Grimaila, M AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI A framework for classifying anonymous networks in cyberspace SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE anonymity; privacy; communications networks; cyberspace; national security AB The desire for privacy in cyberspace drives research in the area of anonymous networks. Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating cyber attacks. As part of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, the United States acknowledges that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Indeed, today's Internet is an incredibly effective, uncontrolled weapon for eavesdropping and spying. Therefore, anonymity and privacy are increasingly important issues. A plethora of anonymous networks achieve varying levels of anonymity against a wide range of adversarial attacks. However, very few conceptual frameworks exist to ease the classification of anonymity in the diverse set of wired and wireless anonymous communications networks. This paper proposes a novel cubic framework to facilitate the systematic definition and classification of anonymity in anonymous communications networks. Three key anonymity components: anonymity property, adversary capability, and network type are thoroughly explored. This framework highlights the subtle and expanding definition of anonymity and aids in the advancement of state-of-the-art technological privacy-preserving mechanisms in cyberspace against any adversary. C1 [Kelly, Douglas; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.kelly@afit.edu; richard.raines@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; michael.grimaila@afit.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000027 ER PT B AU Kolbe, M Williams, P AF Kolbe, Michael Williams, Paul BE Armistead, L TI A survey of critical infrastructure control system effects SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE critical infrastructure; control system security; SCADA; distributed control; cyber operations; terrorism AB The critical infrastructure control systems of the United States have long been shielded, through obscurity and the slow introduction of technology, from the onslaught of malicious crackers, worms and viruses that brought about security awareness and change to the Internet. Availability of information, access to attack tools, and the advantages of highly-networked organizations have created precarious links between the vital underpinnings of society and the security test range of the web. Remote or geographically dispersed nodes present high-value targets to a technology aware foe whose tactics thrive on attacks that do not require extensive resources. The common solution of layering a typical network security infrastructure upon a control system (CS) does not address the different perceptions held by the IT staff and control engineers. This paper examines the various implementations of control systems and explains how integration of modern technology has introduced security flaws. Plausible uses of cyberspace for physical effects are theorized with attention paid to the cascading (second and third order) effects of critical infrastructure disruption. Discussion of process control specific hardware, vulnerabilities, and practices unveil potential risks unprotected by incorporating a standard network / host based security structure into a critical infrastructure control system. C1 [Kolbe, Michael; Williams, Paul] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000028 ER PT B AU McDonald, T Hunt, S AF McDonald, Todd Hunt, Shannon BE Armistead, L TI Developing a requirements framework for Cybercraft trust evaluation SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE network defense; trust; cybercraft; trust model; requirements; threat model; attack tree AB It should be no surprise that Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Air Force (USAF) networks are the target of constant attack. As a result, network defense remains a high priority for cyber warriors. On the technical side, trust issues for a comprehensive end-to-end network defense solution are abundant and involve multiple layers of complexity. The Air Force Research Labs (AFRL) is currently investigating feasibility for a holistic approach to network defense, called Cybercraft. We envision Cybercraft to be trusted computer entities that cooperate with other Cybercraft to provide autonomous and responsive network defense services. A top research goal related to Cybercraft centers around how we may examine and ultimately prove features related to this root of trust. In this work, we investigate use-case scenarios for Cybercraft operation with a view towards analyzing and expressing trust requirements inherent in the environment. Based on a limited subset of functional requirements for Cybercraft in terms of their role, we consider how current trust models may be used to answer various questions of trust between components. In this work we characterize generic model components that will help answer questions regarding Cybercraft trust and pose relevant comparison criteria as evaluation points for various (existing) trust models. Our contribution in this research provides a framework for comparing trust models that are applicable to similar network-based architectures. C1 [McDonald, Todd; Hunt, Shannon] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000032 ER PT B AU Scheeres, A Mills, R Grimaila, M AF Scheeres, Amison Mills, Robert Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Establishing the human firewall: Improving resistance to social engineering attacks SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE social engineering; information warfare and security education ID ATTITUDE CERTAINTY; PERSUASION AB Hackers frequently use social engineering attacks to gain a foothold into a target network. This type of attack is a tremendous challenge to defend against, because the avenue of attack is through the human users and not through technology. Thus far, methods for dealing with this threat have included establishing better security policies and educating users on the threat that exists. Existing techniques simply are not working effectively as evidenced by the fact that auditing agencies consider it a given that they will be able to gain access via social engineering. This paper provides new insight into how organizations can improve their security posture by bolstering individual users' resistance to social engineering attacks. This is achieved by first establishing a connection between social engineering attacks and what social psychologists call "illegitimate persuasion". A content analysis is performed to show that social engineering and illegitimate persuasion target the same common psychological triggers. The paper then discusses how specific techniques shown to be effective in increasing an individual's resistance to illegitimate persuasion can be leveraged in the fight against social engineering. The paper concludes recommendations on implementing some of the techniques described. C1 [Scheeres, Amison; Mills, Robert; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000037 ER PT B AU Sorrels, D Grimaila, M Fortson, L Mills, R AF Sorrels, David Grimaila, Michael Fortson, Larry Mills, Robert BE Armistead, L TI An architecture for cyber incident mission impact assessment (CIMIA) SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE situational awareness; cyber damage assessment; mission impact assessment; information architecture AB Information is a critical asset to modern organizations, but especially so for the military which uses information to conduct all aspects of modern military operations. Information is collected, processed, analyzed, distributed, and aggregated to support situational awareness, operations planning, intelligence, and command decision making. When a cyber incident occurs which may compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability of a critical information asset, all decision makers who are dependent on the information must be immediately made aware of the potential impact of the incident. Previous research identified this need and proposed a conceptual framework to facilitate near real-time Defensive Cyber Damage Assessment following a cyber incident. We are continuing this research by developing an operational process to facilitate Cyber Incident Mission Impact Assessment (CIMIA). In this paper, we propose an information architecture that operationalizes the CIMIA process. The proposed architecture is scalable, takes advantage of existing information infrastructure resources, and provides the building blocks necessary for mission impact assessment. This work will validate the previous research and is designed to meet the Department of Defense and United States Air Force guidance which requires detailed mission impact reporting. The proposed architecture utilizes current applications and resources augmented with end user input in order to automate a process that will be able to observe the network (processes and information flows between information sources and sinks), provide the ability to document information dependencies and their value, and enable the near real time notification of downstream information consumers when a cyber incident occurs. C1 [Sorrels, David; Grimaila, Michael; Mills, Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 335 EP 344 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000038 ER PT B AU Strouble, D Grimaila, M AF Strouble, Dennis Grimaila, Michael BE Armistead, L TI Legal aspects of warfare in cyberspace SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE cyber warfare law; attribution; proportionality AB While the Department of Defense (DoD) has well defined rules of engagement and laws of war in the traditional physical domains (e.g., land, sea, air, and space); those in cyberspace are not as well defined or understood. In December 2005, the United States Air Force changed its mission statement to add a new domain, "Cyberspace," to its traditional operational domains. This change is significant and has resulted in the need for a detailed examination of the legal implications of warfare in this domain. For example, in the physical domains combatants wear uniforms for identification; vehicles with a Red Cross are off limits; and moving over the land, airspace, or territorial waters of neutral countries is forbidden. In contrast, in the cyberspace domain many entities are invisible; an Internet address can be accessed from any other Internet node; and both malicious and non-malicious traffic co-mingle on a common communications infrastructure. While attacks perpetrated in the physical world can often be attributed to specific entities based upon evidence and intelligence collected in the physical domain, the attribution of attacks to an entity in the cyber domain is much more difficult and complex. A cyber attack launched over the Internet could take multiple routes; use terrestrial, underwater, and satellite communication links; and travel through the information infrastructure of many different nations, including friendly, combatants and neutral states. The investigation and attribution of a cyber attack can be very difficult, requiring extensive time and resources. Even when the network source of the attack is positively identified, it does not mean that the system owner was complicit (or even aware) of the attack. If fact, systems are more frequently compromised by an adversary unknowingly and used as their "agent" to perpetrate attacks at a future time (e.g., as a bot in a larger botnet). Cyber attack investigations require the collection and integration of information from multiple communities (e.g., commercial, intelligence, and military) which introduces significant legal constraints. If an adversary is positively identified, the issue of proportionality of response and concerns about the potential for collateral damage must also be considered (ideally) before the need for a timely response. In this paper, we identify difficulties in the application of existing laws of warfare when conducting operations in the cyber domain; examine new legal issues that arise from warfare in cyberspace; and offer recommendations on changes that can be made in policy and law to reduce ambiguity in the rules of engagement and laws of warfare in cyberspace. C1 [Strouble, Dennis; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000040 ER PT B AU Tuting, AN Williams, P AF Tuting, Al-Nath Williams, Paul BE Armistead, L TI Creating hardware-based primitives to enhance digital forensics in a novel computing architecture SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE volatile memory acquisition; digital evidence; digital investigation; incident response; computer forensics AB Adding hardware primitives to observe and preserve digital events and states of a computer will enhance the development of usable knowledge in digital forensic investigations. This will allow for trusted indirect observations of a computer's internal states producing evidence that will satisfy the evidence purists and the court system. Typically, traditional digital forensic techniques have focused on disk drives and other non-volatile data sources. Pulling the plug on a live system has been the long-established way to preserve digital evidence; however, this has the side effect of erasing volatile memory. Acquiring system memory and other volatile data leading up to an incident in a trusted fashion and independent of software running on the system can provide a great deal of relevant information about the system's state before, during and after an incident. This paper explores forensic hardware primitives via a socket-compatible field programmable gate array (FGPA) for motherboard processor sockets. This provides us the opportunity to develop practical means by which we can acquire volatile main memory as well as collect other volatile data independent of the operating system or other potentially compromised code. C1 [Tuting, Al-Nath; Williams, Paul] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000043 ER PT B AU Wilkin, D Kolbe, M Raines, R Williams, P Hopkinson, K AF Wilkin, Dorsey Kolbe, Michael Raines, Richard Williams, Paul Hopkinson, Kenneth BE Armistead, L TI Designing and implementing a critical infrastructure lab for educational research SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE SCADA systems; computer network security; educational research; critical infrastructure; lab design AB Most educational institutions do not have access to critical infrastructure facilities or equipment to conduct information security research. Therefore, they often must build a lab to emulate the particular critical infrastructure sector of interest. This paper outlines the design and implementation used by the Air Force Institute of Technology to build a modular lab capable of being used by future students for any area of industrial control system research. Designed to imitate real life, the solution was developed using an integrated systems engineering design approach. The logical architecture, the network architecture, the low-level physical devices, to include equipment and software, were all chosen for their wide use within industry. C1 [Wilkin, Dorsey; Kolbe, Michael; Raines, Richard; Williams, Paul; Hopkinson, Kenneth] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000045 ER PT S AU Fiorentini, L Serrani, A Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Fiorentini, Lisa Serrani, Andrea Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Control of a Hypersonic Vehicle with Structural Flexibility SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-11, 2008 CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS) ID MODEL AB The design of a nonlinear robust adaptive controller for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle model is considered in this work. Due to the complexity of a first-principle model of the vehicle dynamics, for design and stability analysis a simplified model is adopted, which nonetheless retains the dominant features of the higher fidelity model, including non-minimum phase behavior, flexibility effects and strong coupling between the engine and flight dynamics. A combination of nonlinear sequential loop-closure and adaptive dynamic inversion is adopted to design a dynamic state-feedback controller that provides stable tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories and imposes a desired setpoint for the angle of attack. The proposed methodology addresses the issue of robustness with respect to both parametric model uncertainty, which naturally arises in adopting reduced-complexity models for control design, and dynamic perturbations due to the flexible dynamics. Simulation results on the full nonlinear model are included to show the effectiveness of the controller. C1 [Fiorentini, Lisa; Serrani, Andrea] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.; Doman, David B.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorentini, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fiorentl@ece.osu.edu RI Fiorentini, Lisa/G-1219-2014 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-3124-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2008 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4739001 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL77 UT WOS:000307311600096 ER PT J AU Gollard, R Hussong, J Bledsoe, J Rosen, L Anson, J AF Gollard, Russell Hussong, Jerry Bledsoe, Jon Rosen, Larry Anson, John TI Clear cell sarcoma originating in a paraspinous tendon: Case report and literature review SO ACTA ONCOLOGICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; SOFT PARTS; APONEUROSES; TRANSLOCATION; TUMORS C1 [Bledsoe, Jon] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurosurg, Rochester, MN USA. [Rosen, Larry] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Anson, John] Western Reg Ctr Brain & Spinal Surg, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Gollard, Russell] Canc & Blood Specialists Nevada, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Gollard, R (reprint author), Canc & Blood Specialists Nevada, 58 N Pecos Rd, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM rgollard@hotmail.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0284-186X J9 ACTA ONCOL JI Acta Oncol. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1595 DI 10.1080/02841860701843068 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 362WK UT WOS:000260227700019 PM 18607869 ER PT S AU Langley, D Rogers, S Starman, L AF Langley, Derrick Rogers, Stanley Starman, Lavern BE Casasent, DP Rogers, S TI Reconfigurable-Pitch Photonic MEMS Devices SO Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non - Imaging Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Codes Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensors II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photonic MEMS; Fabrication; Characterization; Micro-shutter; Diffraction Grating; Reconfigurable-Pitch AB This paper will investigate a novel agile-pitch diffraction grating array design and phenomenology, for micro-shutter Photonic MEMS technologies, to enable adaptive coded aperture imaging and non-imaging systems. The use of Photonic MEMS for creating adaptive coded apertures, for surveillance systems, has been gaining momentum since 2007(1,2). The use of the agile-pitch diffraction grating has also been used previously to perform beam-dispersion which is a critical step in imaging processing(3). Through the investigation of new diffraction grating approaches, we hope to show a reconfigurable capability for agile beam steering for adaptive coded apertures surveillance imaging and non-imaging systems. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities that may arise from in-house fabrication of agile-pitch diffraction grating array micro-shutter designs which may prevent and/or improve structural uniformity, reproducibility, & reliability. This paper will also discuss characterization of the micro-shutters to include mechanical, electrical and optical properties. The "open and shut" speeds of the micro-shutter device will also be assessed from a scaling perspective to determine usability. C1 [Langley, Derrick; Rogers, Stanley] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langley, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7316-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7096 AR 70960L DI 10.1117/12.801348 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIS80 UT WOS:000262473400012 ER PT S AU Langley, D Rogers, S Starman, L AF Langley, Derrick Rogers, Stanley Starman, Lavern BE Casasent, DP Rogers, S TI Fabrication Studies for Scaling Photonic MEMS Micro-shutter Designs SO Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non - Imaging Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Codes Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensors II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; Fabrication; Characterization; Micro-shutter; Photonic AB This paper will investigate micro-shutter MEMS "fabrication techniques" and processes to identify opportunities and barriers for successful implementation of micro-shutter technologies to enable adaptive coded aperture imaging and non-imaging systems. The use of photonic MEMS for creating adaptive coded apertures has been gaining momentum since 2007. Both Industry-based 1, 2 and University-based(3) studies have demonstrated their unique solutions for implementing MEMS-based micro-shutter technologies; however, there are many unique and novel MEMS-based "fabrication and characterization" processes and solutions that will be considered herein as we explore micro-shutter technologies. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities that may arise from in-house fabrication of MEMS which may prevent and/or improve structural uniformity, reproducibility, & reliability. This paper will also discuss characterization of the micro-shutters to include mechanical, electrical and optical properties. The "open and close" speeds of the micro-shutter device will also be assessed from a scaling perspective to determine usability. C1 [Langley, Derrick; Rogers, Stanley] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langley, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7316-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7096 AR 70960G DI 10.1117/12.800475 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIS80 UT WOS:000262473400009 ER PT S AU Starman, LA Langley, D Rogers, S AF Starman, LaVern A. Langley, Derrick Rogers, Stanley BE Casasent, DP Rogers, S TI Micro-Shutter Developments for IR Applications SO Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non - Imaging Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Codes Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensors II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE IR applications; photonic MEMS; fabrication; characterization; micro-shutter ID STATIC FRICTION AB This paper will investigate micro-shutter developments for IR applications. By demonstrating a interrupter mechanism MEMS design, we will show how to implement a micro-shutter technology to enable adaptive coded aperture imaging and non-imaging systems. The use of Photonic MEMS for creating adaptive coded apertures, for surveillance systems, has been gaining momentum since 2007(1,2). Through the investigation of the interrupter mechanism 3,1, We Will demonstrate a novel approach for IR applications. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities that may arise from the fabrication of a MEMS interrupter mechanism. We discuss the characterization of the micro-shutter to include mechanical, electrical and IR properties. The "open and close" speeds of the micro-shutter device will also be assessed from a scaling perspective to determine usability through modeling and simulation. C1 [Starman, LaVern A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Starman, LA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lavern.starman@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7316-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7096 AR 70960K DI 10.1117/12.801177 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIS80 UT WOS:000262473400011 ER PT S AU Hillman, PD Drummond, JD Denman, CA Fugate, RQ AF Hillman, Paul D. Drummond, Jack D. Denman, Craig A. Fugate, Robert Q. BE Hubin, N Max, CE Wizinowich, PL TI Simple Model, including Recoil, for the Brightness of Sodium Guide Stars created from CW Single Frequency Fasors and Comparison to Measurements SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE sodium guidestar; atomic recoil; saturation ID EXCITATION AB Using a stable single frequency (Delta v < 1 MHz) cw fasor we have characterized the guide star radiance under several conditions, including routinely measuring the radiance at various launch powers and simultaneously illuminating the same spot with a second fasor with a range of different frequency separations. Making use of sodium's hyperfine energy diagram and allowed transitions it is shown that some transitions do not contribute to the radiance after a short time period thus greatly reducing the number of states whose populations need to be tracked in a simple rate equation model. An offshoot of this view is the importance of the pump source's spectral content for efficient sodium scattering. Accounting for atomic recoil, which causes atoms to be Doppler shifted out of resonance, we obtain model curves for photon return flux versus launch power for both linear and circular polarization, both agree with measurements; the only free parameter being the sodium column density on the single night both sets of data were taken. We attempted to measure the sodium velocity distribution due to recoil using two Fasors in a pump-probe arrangement. We have measured some subtle phenomena that this simple model does not explain and these will be discussed. These may imply the importance of understanding the collision rates for sodium atoms to re-equilibrate through velocity changing collisions, spin relaxation and coherent beam propagation under various atmospheric conditions. C1 [Hillman, Paul D.; Drummond, Jack D.; Denman, Craig A.] USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hillman, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7225-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7015 AR 70150L DI 10.1117/12.790650 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BIP09 UT WOS:000261491700013 ER PT J AU Vander Weg, MW Peterson, AL Ebbert, JO Debon, M Klesges, RC Haddock, CK AF Vander Weg, Mark W. Peterson, Alan L. Ebbert, Jon O. DeBon, Margaret Klesges, Robert C. Haddock, C. Keith TI Prevalence of alternative forms of tobacco use in a population of young adult military recruits SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE tobacco use; military; cigars; bidis; kreteks; smokeless tobacco ID AMERICAN CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; INHALATION TOXICITY; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; CLOVE CIGARETTES; PIPE SMOKERS; BIDI SMOKING; LUNG-CANCER; TOOTH LOSS AB Recent evidence suggests that the popularity of certain alternative forms of tobacco may be increasing in adolescents. Little is known, however, about the use of these products among young adults. This study examined the use of alternative tobacco products including bidis, cigars, kreteks (clove cigarettes), pipes, and smokeless tobacco in a large sample of young adult military recruits (N=31107). Overall, 18.5% of participants were using some forrn of alternative tobacco product prior to entry into Basic Military Training. Results revealed a relatively high prevalence of cigar (12.3%) and smokeless tobacco use (6.7%). Use of other products was less common, including 1.1% for pipes, 2.0% for bidis, and 3.0% for kreteks. With the exception of kreteks, which did not differ by gender, the prevalence of use of alternative tobacco products was greater for males than for females (p <.001). Patterns of use also differed according to other demographic characteristics including race, ethnicity, age, and income. Implications for surveillance and tobacco control efforts are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vander Weg, Mark W.] VA Med Ctr, CRIISP, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. [Vander Weg, Mark W.] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Ebbert, Jon O.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [DeBon, Margaret; Klesges, Robert C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Klesges, Robert C.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Haddock, C. Keith] Univ Missouri, Dept Informat Med & Personalized Hlth, Missouri Western Mental Hlth Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. RP Vander Weg, MW (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, CRIISP, 601 Highway 6 West,Mail Stop 152, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. EM mark.vanderweg@va.gov; petersona3@uthsca.edu; ebbert.jon@mayo.edu; mdebon@utmem.edu; bob.klesges@stjude.org; HaddockC@umkc.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL053478, R18 HL053478, R18 HL053478-06, R18 HL053478-07A2] NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.07.005 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 265WD UT WOS:000253391600006 PM 17706889 ER PT B AU Hashmonay, RA Varma, RM Modrak, MT Kagann, RH Segall, RR Sullivan, PD AF Hashmonay, Ram A. Varma, Ravi M. Modrak, Mark T. Kagann, Robert H. Segall, Robin R. Sullivan, Patrick D. BE Kim, YJ Platt, U TI Radial plume mapping: A US EPA test method for area and fugitive source emission monitoring using optical remote sensing SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Advanced Environmental Monitoring CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY DE area fugitive emission sources; open-path fourier transform infrared (FTIR); open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS); optical remote sensing (ORS); radial plume mapping (RPM) ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; GASEOUS FLUXES AB This paper describes the recently developed United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) test method that provides the user with unique methodologies for characterizing gaseous emissions from non-point pollutant sources. The radial plume mapping (RPM) methodology uses an open-path, path-integrated optical remote sensing (PI-ORS) system in multiple beam configurations to directly identify emission "hot spots" and measure emission fluxes. The RPM methodology has been well developed, evaluated, demonstrated, and peer reviewed. Scanning the PI-ORS system in a horizontal plane (horizontal RPM) can be used to locate hot spots of fugitive emission at ground level, while scanning in a vertical plane downwind of the area source (vertical RPM), coupled with wind measurement, can be used to measure emission fluxes. Also, scanning along a line-of-sight such as an industrial fenceline (one-dimensional RPM) can be used to profile pollutant concentrations downwind from a fugitive source. In this paper, the EPA test method is discussed, with particular reference to the RPM methodology, its applicability, limitations, and validation. C1 [Hashmonay, Ram A.; Varma, Ravi M.; Modrak, Mark T.; Kagann, Robert H.] ARCADIS, 4915 Prospectus Dr Suite F, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Segall, Robin R.] Emission Measurement Ctr, Off Air Quality Planning & Standards, US Environ Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. [Sullivan, Patrick D.] A F Res Lab, A E F Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Hashmonay, RA (reprint author), ARCADIS, 4915 Prospectus Dr Suite F, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RI Varma, Ravi/A-9640-2009 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6363-3 PY 2008 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6364-0_2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHA41 UT WOS:000251847700002 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. BE Myllyla, R Priezzhev, AV Kinnunen, M Pustovoy, VI Kirillin, MY Popov, AP TI Advanced diode-pumped alkali lasers SO ADVANCED LASER TECHNOLOGIES 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Laser Technologies CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Levi, FINLAND SP Univ Oulu, VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, General Phys Inst, Ctr Laser Technol & Mat Sci GPI, Moscow State Univ, Int Laser Ctr, Acad Finland, Russian Fdn Basic Res, SPIE Russian Chapter, Infotech Oulu, Univ Joensuu, LEOS, Italian Chapter, Finnish Opt Soc, Hindawi Publishing Corp, Network Excellence MicroOpt DE atomic gas lasers; alkali lasers; diode pump; laser cooling ID COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; SODIUM VAPOR; POTASSIUM LASER; CESIUM LASER; ARRAY; CS; TRANSITION; EXCITATION AB In this review we present the analysis of optically pumped alkali lasers research and development from their first proposal in 1958 to the current state. Main achievements and problems existing in this field of research are discussed and possible Solutions of the problems are proposed. Detailed description of the most important experiments and their results are presented. We have tried to provide an extensive list of references on this subject. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7235-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7022 AR 70220J DI 10.1117/12.803936 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIF90 UT WOS:000259260300018 ER PT S AU Matson, LE Chen, MY AF Matson, Lawrence E. Chen, Ming Y. BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Enabling Materials and Processes for Large Aerospace Mirrors - art. no. 70180L SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE large lightweight mirrors; space based mirrors; materials and processes; SiC mirrors AB The use of monolithic glass to produce large, rigid segmented members for lightweight space-based mirror systems appears to have reached its limits due to the long production lead times, high processing costs, and launch load/weight requirements. New material solutions and processes are required to meet the US Air Force's optical needs for directed energy, reconnaissance/surveillance, and communications. Mirror Structural substrates made out of advanced materials (metal, ceramic, and polymer), composites, foams, and microsphere arrays should allow for CTE and modulus tailorability, low-density, and high values in strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity and toughness. Conventional mechanical polishing to visual specifications for figure and surface finish roughness requirements will be difficult, due to the multi-phase complexities of these new systems. Advances in Surface removal technologies as well as replication processes will be required to produce the required optical finishes with reduced schedule and cost. In this paper selected material and process solutions being considered will be discussed. C1 [Matson, Lawrence E.; Chen, Ming Y.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matson, LE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP L180 EP L180 DI 10.1117/12.790525 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200017 ER PT S AU Mateen, M Sanchez, D Rhoadarmer, T Arguella, L Oesch, DW Fung, D Petty, R Kelly, P Vincent, RA Richey, J AF Mateen, Mala Sanchez, Darryl Rhoadarmer, Troy Arguella, Loretta Oesch, Denis W. Fung, Deborah Petty, Roger Kelly, Patrick Vincent, R. Anthony Richey, Jeff BE Gonglewski, JD Carreras, RA Rhoadarmer, TA TI Adaptive Optics with the Deformable Mirror not in Pupil - Part 1: Experimental Results SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY AUG 14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SYSTEM AB This is the first of two papers discussing aspects of placing the deformable mirror in a location not conjugate to the pupil plane of the telescope. The Starfire Optical Range, Air Force Research Laboratory's Directed Energy Directorate is in the process of developing a high efficiency AO system for 3.5 m optical telescope. The objective is to achieve maximum diffraction limited performance, i.e., largest pupil diameter possible, and maximum optical throughput. The later can be achieved by placing the deformable mirror outside the pupil. However placing the DM in a location not conjugate to the pupil results in a degradation in optical performance. This paper discusses experimental measurements of the degradation. In this paper we discuss the DM-not-in-pupil experimental testbed, the difficulties associated with creating this type of testbed, and how these difficulties were overcome. We also present results from the successful lab demonstration of closed loop performance with the DM placed out of pupil. We experimentally measured the degradation in Strehl and implemented a mitigation technique. Our experimental results indicate the mean degradation in Strehl as a result of placing the DM out of pupil to be between 7% and 9%. This result is comparable with wave optics simulation and theoretical results which will be discussed in a companion paper, "Adaptive optics with DM not in pupil - Part 2: Mitigation of Degradation". C1 [Mateen, Mala; Sanchez, Darryl; Kelly, Patrick; Vincent, R. Anthony; Richey, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Mateen, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7313-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7093 DI 10.1117/12.794845 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIQ10 UT WOS:000261799300006 ER PT S AU Plourde, MD Schmidt, JD AF Plourde, Michael D. Schmidt, Jason D. BE Gonglewski, JD Carreras, RA Rhoadarmer, TA TI Limitations of segmented wavefront control devices in emulating optical turbulence SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY AUG 14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; optical atmospheric turbulence; deformable mirror; spatial light modulator AB Using a device to act as a surrogate for atmospheric turbulence in a, laboratory is necessary to build and test. optical systems for imaging, lidar, laser weapons, and laser communications. Liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (LC SLMs) and segmented micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) deformable mirrors (DMs) are common devices for altering wavefronts to simulate a portion of atmospheric turbulence. The limitations of pixelation effects on a segmented wavefront control device were investigated theoretically. The results of this analysis were then verified by simulation. It was found that while LC SLMs with fine pixel resolution have almost no adverse effects from pixelation, segmented MEMS DMs have limitations related to the number of mirror segments on a DM. The performance capabilities of several available commercial devices are better understood as a result of this research. C1 [Plourde, Michael D.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Plourde, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.plourde@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7313-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7093 DI 10.1117/12.797763 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIQ10 UT WOS:000261799300013 ER PT S AU Vitayaudom, KP Vincent, TR Schmidt, JD Sanchez, DJ AF Vitayaudom, Kevin P. Vincent, Tony R. Schmidt, Jason D. Sanchez, Darryl J. BE Gonglewski, JD Carreras, RA Rhoadarmer, TA TI Analysis of Non-Uniform Gain for Control of a Deformable Mirror in an Adaptive-Optics System SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY AUG 14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront control; deformable mirror instabilites; nonuniform filter gains AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Sodium Guidestar Adaptive Optics for Space Situational Awareness program (NGAS) sponsored research on spatially nou-uniform gain for the servo-loop controller of an adaptive optics (AO) system. The edge subapertures of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor have lower signal-to-noise ratios and are more susceptible to measurement errors than fully illuminated center subapertures. These measurement errors produce errant commands over the corresponding edge actuators and can induce instabilities over these regions in strong turbulence conditions. The Non-uniform Gain Experiment (NUGE) concentrated on the development and experimental analysis of spatially varying gain maps on the servo-loop controller of a deformable mirror. The, goal was to improve AO system performance and mitigate instabilities that can occur over the actuators of a deformable mirror. A gain map with a ring of lower filter gains b over just the outer actuators was experimentally shown to increase the overall Strehl ratio of the AO system in all of the tested turbulence conditions. A Gaussian gain map was also shown to significantly reduce the overall residual phase variance over the edge actuators thereby reducing the formation of the instabilities. Experiments were conducted at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR), AFRL, Kirtland AFB. C1 [Vitayaudom, Kevin P.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vitayaudom, KP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7313-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7093 DI 10.1117/12.793228 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIQ10 UT WOS:000261799300010 ER PT S AU Shah, A Penswick, L Dodson, C Roberts, T AF Shah, A. Penswick, L. Dodson, C. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Cryocooler Prognostic Health Management System SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryocooler; prognostic; diagnostic; reliability; life; failure; damage AB High performance sensors are playing an increasingly important role in all aspects of all critical DoD missions. There is a family of sensors that operate with improved sensitivities if cooled to very low (cryogenic) temperatures. For these sensors, a healthy and reliable mechanical refrigeration system (cryocooler) is required. The ability to accurately predict the "health" or remaining useful life of the cryocooler has significant benefits from the viewpoint of ensuring that mission critical functions can be carried out with a high probability of success. The paper provides an overview and approaches used for the development of a Cryocooler Prognostic Health Management System (CPHMS) capable of assessing the cryocooler "health" from the viewpoint of the level of performance degradation and/or the potential for near term failure. Additionally, it quantifies the reliable remaining useful life of the cryocooler. While the proposed system is focused on the specific application to linear drive cryocoolers, especially for DoD, many of the attributes of the system can be applied to other specialized system hardware in both commercial and U.S. Government agency for situations where it is critical that all aspects of the hardware "health" and "remaining useful life" be fully understood. Several benefits of the health monitoring system are also described in the paper. C1 [Shah, A.; Penswick, L.] Sest Inc, Middleburg Hts, OH 44130 USA. [Dodson, C.; Roberts, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shah, A (reprint author), Sest Inc, Middleburg Hts, OH 44130 USA. FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-07-C-0045] FX The authors are grateful to the United States Air Force Research Laboratory for providing funding under Contract #: FA9453-07-C-0045 for the work described in this paper. Also, the authors express their thanks to Carleton Life Support Systems for performing experiments and providing data under subcontract to Sest, Inc. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700053 ER PT S AU Hon, RC Kirkconnell, CS Roberts, T AF Hon, R. C. Kirkconnell, C. S. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Raytheon Dual-Use Cryocooler system development SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryocooler; tactical cryocooler; space cryocooler; pulse tube; Stirling; cryocooler electronics AB The Dual-Use Cryocooler system, consisting of a single-stage pulse tube thermo-mechanical unit (TMU) in combination with a modified, high reliability set of tactical cryocooler electronics, has been designed to fill the gap that exists between present low-cost tactical and high-cost space cryocooler products. The TMU portion of the system contains a significantly smaller number of parts than typical space cryocoolers while maintaining all of the long-fife features that allow those machines to operate continuously and reliably for 10+ years. This reduction in mechanical complexity positively impacts both unit cost and required build time. The drive electronics have been developed in parallel, and include such features as dual independent motor drives, output waveform shaping, and a variety of TMU / electronics protection algorithms. The fabrication and test cycles for the brassboard system have been completed, and insights gained from these exercises are presented in this paper. Initial design trades and present design status for the TMU and drive electronics are both presented, as well as a comparison of expected versus measured performance. Lastly, an overview of the steps required to bring this system design to flight-readiness will be given. C1 [Hon, R. C.; Kirkconnell, C. S.] Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Roberts, T.] Air Force Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hon, RC (reprint author), Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory. FX The DUC system development has been broadly supported by the South Bay Science and Technology Corporation as well as the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 538 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700066 ER PT S AU Breedlove, JJ Magari, PJ Miller, GW AF Breedlove, J. J. Magari, P. J. Miller, G. W. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Cryocooler for air liquefaction onboard large aircraft SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE Brayton; cryocooler; turbomachine; gas bearing; air separation; oxygen; nitrogen; fuel tank AB Creare has developed a turbo-Brayton cryocooler for the Air Force that is designed to produce approximately I kW of refrigeration at 95 K. The cryocooler is intended to provide cryogenic cooling for an air separation system being developed to produce and store liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen onboard large aircraft. The oxygen will be used for high-altitude breathing and medical evacuation operations, while the nitrogen will be used to inert the ullage space inside the fuel tanks. The cryocooler utilizes gas bearings in the turbomachines for long life without maintenance, which is a critical requirement for this application. The mass of a flight version of this cryocooler is expected to be around 270 kg, while the input power is expected to be 21 to 25 kW. This paper describes the design and testing of the technology demonstration cryocooler that was constructed to establish the feasibility of the approach. In the future, the cryocooler will be integrated and tested with a distillation column subsystem. Subsequent testing may also be performed in-flight on an Air Force transport aircraft. C1 [Breedlove, J. J.; Magari, P. J.] Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Miller, G. W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Breedlove, JJ (reprint author), Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 838 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700103 ER PT S AU Kirkeonnell, CS Hon, RC Kesler, CH Roberts, T AF Kirkeonnell, C. S. Hon, R. C. Kesler, C. H. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Raytheon Stirling/pulse tube cryocooler development SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryocooler; space cryocooler; multistage; hybrid; Stirling; pulse tube; cryocooler electronics AB The first generation flight-design Stirling / pulse tube "hybrid" two-stage cryocooler has entered initial performance and environmental testing. The status and early results of the testing are presented. Numerous improvements have been implemented as compared to the preceding brassboard versions to improve performance, extend life, and enhance launch survivability. This has largely been accomplished by incorporating successful flight-design features from the Raytheon Stirling one-stage cryocooler product line. These design improvements are described. In parallel with these mechanical cryocooler development efforts, a third generation electronics module is being developed that will support hybrid Stirling/pulse tube and Stirling cryocoolers. Improvements relative to the second generation design relate to improved radiation hardness, reduced parts count, and improved vibration cancellation capability. Progress on the electronics is also presented. C1 [Kirkeonnell, C. S.; Hon, R. C.; Kesler, C. H.] Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Roberts, T.] US Air Force, Res Lab VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirkeonnell, CS (reprint author), Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 909 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700112 ER PT S AU Sutliff, J Roberts, T AF Sutliff, J. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Multistage pulse tube regrigeration characterization of the Northrop Grumman High Capacity Cooler - An update SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryogenic; cryocooler; refrigeration; pulse-tube; exergetic cooling AB The characterization of a multistage Pulse Tube cycle refrigeration system has been partially performed on the Northrop Grumman High Capacity Cooler (NG HCC) cryocooler by the Air Force Research Laboratory. This cooler's design uses two pulse tube cold ends in parallel. The nominal 85 K cold end is thermally strapped to the regenerator housing of the nominal 35 K cold end in order to boost 35 K cooling capacity. The cooler was tailored to support long wave infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe focal plane arrays and their associated optical systems, but this particular refrigeration system can also support a variety of short or medium wave infrared sensing as well as high temperature superconducting electronics applications. The results are presented for both steady state and transient performance envelopes for this cooler on and off the design point of 2 Watts of cooling at 35 K and 17 Watts at 85 K. When it is off the design point the load is up to 15 Watts of cooling at "35 K" and 50 Watts on the "85 K" sides. Testing off the design points will indicate the applicability of this cooler to other systems. These results are presented both as empirical data and as interpolating function estimates of the entire performance envelope. C1 [Sutliff, J.; Roberts, T.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sutliff, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 917 EP 923 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700113 ER PT B AU Tschopp, M McDowell, DL AF Tschopp, Mark McDowell, David L. BE Fan, JH Chen, HB TI Atomistic simulations of grain boundary dislocation nucleation SO ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Material Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 03-08, 2008 CL Huangshan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn DE grain boundaries; dislocation; nucleation; atomistics; MD ID BICRYSTAL INTERFACES; STRUCTURAL-UNIT; COPPER; ALUMINUM; DISCONNECTIONS; STRENGTH AB Atomistic simulations are used to investigate dislocation nucleation from symmetric and asymmetric tilt grain boundaries in fee Cu and Al. The use of a 3D periodic bicrystal configuration enables the investigation of how the boundary degrees of freedom impact both boundary structure and dislocation nucleation from these boundaries. Simulation results show that dislocation nucleation from asymmetric tilt grain boundaries requires understanding of the structure and faceting of these boundaries. Deformation simulations under uniaxial tension and compression show entirely different nucleation mechanisms, i.e., nucleation of full dislocations in copper from the grain boundary under compression. The resolved stress normal to the slip plane on which the dislocation nucleates plays an important role in dislocation nucleation for single crystals and interfaces. We further investigate dislocation nucleation from certain twin boundaries, e.g., Sigma 171 vicinal coherent twin boundary in Cu. Simulation results show that the symmetric tilt boundary structure is composed of alternating 1/3 111 disconnections with a dissociated structure in copper. Deformation simulations of a 3D periodic bicrystal configuration under uniaxial tension and compression show very different nucleation mechanisms. Results for various symmetric and asymmetric grain and twin boundaries are summarized. C1 [Tschopp, Mark] USAF, UTC, Res Lab, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tschopp, M (reprint author), USAF, UTC, Res Lab, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-80-0 PY 2008 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX21 UT WOS:000257167700025 ER PT B AU Mall, S Sullivan, MA AF Mall, S. Sullivan, Mark A. BE Fan, JH Chen, HB TI Notched oxide/oxide composite at elevated temperature SO ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Material Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 03-08, 2008 CL Huangshan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn C1 [Mall, S.; Sullivan, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-80-0 PY 2008 BP 933 EP 933 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX21 UT WOS:000257167700232 ER PT B AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BE Won, CH Schrader, CB Michel, AN TI Statistical Control of Stochastic Systems Incorporating Integral Feedback: Performance Robustness Analysis SO ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL CONTROL, ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS THEORY, AND DYNAMIC SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS: A TRIBUTE TO MICHAEL K SAIN SE Systems and Control-Foundations and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Statistical Control, System Theory and Engineering Education CY OCT 27, 2007 CL Notre Dame, IN SP Notre Dame, Elect Engn Dept AB An innovative paradigm for statistical approximation is presented to evaluate performance measure statistics of a class of stochastic systems with integral control. This methodology, which makes use of both compactness from the logic of the state-space model description and quantitativity from the probabilistic knowledge of stochastic disturbances, now allows us to predict more accurately the effect of a chi-squared random variable on the performance uncertainty of the stochastic system with both state feedback and integral Output feedback. It is shown that the computational method detailed herein is able to calculate the exact statistics of the performance measure of any orders which are then utilized in the design of an optimal statistical control solution to effectively address the unresolved challenge of closed-loop performance robustness without massive Monte Carlo simulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-81764-794-0 J9 SYST CONTROL-FOUND A PY 2008 BP 43 EP 63 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4795-7_3 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIL86 UT WOS:000260633800003 ER PT B AU Pham, KD Liberty, SR Jin, G AF Pham, Khanh D. Liberty, Stanley R. Jin, Gang BE Won, CH Schrader, CB Michel, AN TI Multi-Cumulant and Pareto Solutions for Tactics Change Prediction and Performance Analysis in Stochastic Multi-Team Noncooperative Games SO ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL CONTROL, ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS THEORY, AND DYNAMIC SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS: A TRIBUTE TO MICHAEL K SAIN SE Systems and Control-Foundations and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Statistical Control, System Theory and Engineering Education CY OCT 27, 2007 CL Notre Dame, IN SP Notre Dame, Elect Engn Dept ID CRITERIA; PROTECTION; BENCHMARK AB New solution concepts, called the multi-cumulant Pareto Nash and minimax strategies, are proposed for quadratic decision problems where multiple teams of decision makers are interested in strategies that not only ensure cooperation within each team and competition among different teams but also provide noncooperative teams the capability of assessing team performance and predicting tactics via complete statistical descriptions. Analytical expressions for higher-order statistics associated with strategy selection and performance assessment as well as closed-form feedback Nash equilibrium and minimax solutions to the special linear-quadratic class of stochastic multi-team games are also presented. The capability to shape the probability density function of the team performance measure is possible because not only is the first performance statistic considered as in the special case of the linear-quadratic-gaussian problem, but also some finite linear combinations of other performance statistics are included. In all decision strategies developed here, the decision feedback gains are explicitly dependent upon the "information" statistics which are then used to directly target the uncertainty of team performance and decision laws. It is concluded that the need to account for the reduction of performance uncertainty gives rise to the interaction between dual decision control functions: reducing uncertainty and exercising control. As the result, the certainty equivalence property is no longer available for the class of statistical control problems considered here. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Liberty, Stanley R.] Kettering Univ, Flint, MI 48504 USA. [Jin, Gang] Ford Motor Co, Elect & Elect Engn, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sliberty@hettering.edu; gjin1@ford.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory-Space Vehicles Directorate; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRI 00VS17COR] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory-Space Vehicles Directorate and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number LRI 00VS17COR. Much appreciation from the first author goes to Dr. Benjamin K. Henderson, the branch technical advisor of Spacecraft Components Technology, for serving as the reader of this work and providing helpful criticism. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-81764-794-0 J9 SYST CONTROL-FOUND A PY 2008 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4795-7_4 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIL86 UT WOS:000260633800004 ER PT S AU McDermott, DJ Johnson, RS Montgomery, JB Sanderson, RB McCalmont, JF Taylor, M AF McDermott, D. J. Johnson, R. S. Montgomery, J. B. Sanderson, R. B. McCalmont, J. F. Taylor, Mt BE Henry, DJ TI Near infrared missile warning testbed sensor - art. no. 694608 SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY MAR 17, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE missile warning; threat detection; algorithms; near infrared sensors; high speed recorders; real time processing; field programmable gate array AB Multicolor discrimination is one of the most effective ways of improving the performance of infrared missile warning sensors, particularly for heavy clutter situations. A new tactical airborne multicolor missile warning testbed was developed and fielded as part of a continuing Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) initiative focusing on clutter and missile signature measurements for effective missile warning algorithms. The developed sensor test bed is a multi-camera system 1004x 1004 FPA coupled with optimized spectral filters integrated with the optics; a reduced form factor microprocessor-based video data recording system operating at 48 Hz; and a real time field programmable gate array processor for algorithm and video data processing capable of 800B Multiply/Accumulates operations per second. A detailed radiometric calibration procedure was developed to overcome severe photon-limited operating conditions due to the sub-nanometer bandwidth of the spectral filters. This configuration allows the collection and real-time processing of temporally correlated, radiometrically calibrated video data in multiple spectral bands. The testbed was utilized to collect false alarm sources spectra and Man-Portable Air Defense System (MANPADS) signatures under a variety of atmospheric and solar illuminating conditions. Signatures of approximately 100 missiles have been recorded. C1 [McDermott, D. J.; Sanderson, R. B.; McCalmont, J. F.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDermott, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RYJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7137-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6946 BP 94608 EP 94608 DI 10.1117/12.778658 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHX11 UT WOS:000257140100005 ER PT S AU Meola, J Eismann, MT AF Meola, Joseph Eismann, Michael T. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Image misregistration effects on hyperspectral change detection - art. no. 69660Y SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; chronochrome; covariance equalization; misregistration AB This paper covers the impact of registration errors between two images on chronochrome and covariance equalization predictors used for hyperspectral change detection. Hyperspectral change detection involves the comparison of data collected of the same spatial scene on two different occasions to try to identify anomalous man-made changes. Typical change detection techniques employ a linear prediction method followed by a subtraction step to identify changes. These linear predictors rely upon statistics from both scenes to determine a respective gain and offset. Chronochrome and covariance equalization remain two common predictors used in the change detection process. Chronochrome relies upon a cross-covariance matrix for prediction whereas covariance equalization relies solely upon the individual covariance matrices. In theory, chronochrome seems more susceptible to image misregistration issues as joint statistic estimates may suffer with registration error present. This paper examines the validity of this assumption. Using a push-broom style imaging spectrometer mounted on a pan and tilt, visible to near infrared data of scenes suitable for change detection analysis are gathered. The pan and tilt system ensures initial misregistration of the data is minimal. Using simple translations of the scenes, misregistration impacts upon prediction error and change detection are examined for varying degrees of shift. C1 [Meola, Joseph; Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7157-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6966 BP Y9660 EP Y9660 DI 10.1117/12.775435 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ01 UT WOS:000257540900022 ER PT S AU Krizo, MJ Cusumano, SJ Bartell, RJ Fiorino, ST Bailey, WF Beauchamp, RL Marciniak, MA Moore, KP AF Krizo, Matthew J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Bartell, Richard J. Fiorino, Steven T. Bailey, William F. Beauchamp, Rebecca L. Marciniak, Michael A. Moore, Kenneth P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A worldwide physics-based, high spectral resolution atmospheric characterization and propagation package for UV to RF wavelengths SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE bi-static; multispectral; path radiance; aerosol extinction; BRDF; correlated climatology; remote sensing ID SCATTERING AB The Air Force Institute of Technology's. Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE) developed the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model in part to quantify the performance variance in laser propagation created by the natural environment during dynamic engagements. As such, HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface-to-100 km, atmospheric propagation-and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content,. optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with a probability of cloud free line-of-sight algorithm for all possible look angles. HELEEOS was developed under the sponsorship of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. In the current paper an example of a unique high fidelity simulation of a bi-static, time-varying five band multispectral remote observation of laser energy delivered on a test object is presented. The multispectral example emphasizes atmospheric effects using HELEEOS, the interaction of the laser on target and the observed reflectance and subsequent hot spot generated. A model of a sensor suite located on the surface is included to collect the diffuse reflected in-band laser radiation and the emitted radiance of the hot spot in four separate and spatially offset MWIR and LWIR bands. Particular care is taken in modeling the bidirectional reflectivity distribution function (BRDF) of the laser/target interaction to account for both the coupling of energy into the target body and the changes in reflectance as a function of temperature. The architecture supports any platform-target-ob server geometry, geographic location, season, and time of day; and it provides for correct contributions of the sky-earth background. The simulation accurately models the thermal response, kinetics, turbulence, base disturbance, diffraction, and signal-to-noise ratios. C1 [Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Bartell, Richard J.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Bailey, William F.; Beauchamp, Rebecca L.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Moore, Kenneth P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krizo, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.krizo@afit.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7157-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6966 AR 696619 DI 10.1117/12.777572 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ01 UT WOS:000257540900032 ER PT J AU White, KM Nugent, JS Rathkopf, MM AF White, Kevin M. Nugent, Jeffrey S. Rathkopf, Melinda M. TI Dust-mite avoidance measures in patients on immunotherapy SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE allergen avoidance; bedding; compliance; dust mite; education; encasements; environment; home; immunotherapy; questionnaire ID ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE; INDOOR ALLERGENS; COVERS; RHINITIS; CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB The compliance of dust-mite (DM) allergic patients receiving immunotherapy (IT) with environmental avoidance measures has not been reported. To investigate patient practices, a questionnaire was distributed to patients receiving IT for indoor allergens. Ninety-three of 200 patients (46%) with indoor allergies completed the questionnaire. Of the 93 patients, 69% were allergic to DMs, 45% were allergic to pets, 17% were allergic to mold, and 3% were allergic to cockroaches. Of 64 patients allergic to DMs, 53% reported use of mattress covers, 61% reported use of pillow covers, 81% reduced moisture in their homes, 83% washed their bed linens in water that was > 130(o)7, 77% vacuumed or dusted weekly, and 21% replaced carpets with polished flooring. Fifty-two percent of patients who did not use covers and 49% who did not replace their carpets cited cost as the most common reason. Education about the use of DM covers was reported by 97% of patients allergic to DMs, predominantly by physicians. In conclusion, many patients on IT for DM allergy do not use avoidance measures for decreasing allergen exposure. Cost appears to influence compliance with several measures including protective mattress and pillow covers. It may be unreasonable to require most patients to use such avoidance measures before being candidates for IT. C1 [White, Kevin M.; Nugent, Jeffrey S.; Rathkopf, Melinda M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP White, KM (reprint author), 759th MDOS MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kevin.white@lackland.af.mil OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.2500/aap2008.29.3079 PG 5 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 264XJ UT WOS:000253323400007 PM 18302837 ER PT J AU Coop, C Hagan, LL Dice, JP AF Coop, Christopher Hagan, Larry L. Dice, John P. TI Exhaled breath condensate pH in the evaluation of asthma SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE asthma; breath; condensate; evaluation; exhaled; patient; pH ID AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; CHILDREN; ACIDIFICATION; EXERCISE AB As a marker of inflammation, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH may be a useful screening tool in the evaluation of asthma, especially in a military recruit population. To evaluate the utility of EBC pH in the diagnosis of asthma, EBC pH levels were determined in basic military trainees prior to an evaluation for asthma that included a history, physical exam, baseline spirometry, and a methacholine or exercise challenge. Of 86 basic trainees who had symptoms suggestive of asthma and underwent methacholine or exercise challenges, 51 (59.3%) had a positive methacholine or exercise challenge and were diagnosed with asthma. The mean EBC pH of the trainees who were diagnosed with asthma (6.39, range 5.91-6.82), was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than those trainees without asthma (6.64, range 6.34-7.18). There was, however, some overlap of the EBC pH values between the two groups. The measurement of EBC pH did show a significant mean difference between asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients in a military recruit population. RP Coop, C (reprint author), 59 Med Wing MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.coop@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.2500/aap2008.29.3073 PG 4 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 264XJ UT WOS:000253323400009 PM 18302839 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Vij, A Iacono, ST Viers, BD AF Mabry, Joseph M. Vij, Ashwani Iacono, Scott T. Viers, Brent D. TI Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE fluorinated polyhedra; hydrophobicity; lotus effect; silsesquioxanes; surface roughness ID CONTAINING DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; WETTABILITY; POLYMERS; FABRICATION; NANOSPHERE; FILMS; WATER C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.; Vij, Ashwani; Iacono, Scott T.; Viers, Brent D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Mabry, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Missile Prop Div, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 40 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 11 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 22 BP 4137 EP 4140 DI 10.1002/anie.200705355 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 306QC UT WOS:000256261900017 PM 18435434 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Govorov, AO Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Govorov, Alexander O. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Photoactivated biotemplated nanoparticles as an enzyme mimic SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biomimetics; biomineralization; heterogeneous catalysis; hybrid nanoparticles; peptides ID CDS; METAL; GLUTATHIONE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; HYDROGENASE; IRRADIATION; ASSEMBLIES C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Govorov, Alexander O.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 29 BP 5335 EP 5339 DI 10.1002/anie.200800023 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 325PQ UT WOS:000257601200011 PM 18553328 ER PT S AU Sanders, DM Parker, JE Walker, WW Buchholz, MW Blount, K Kiel, JL AF Sanders, David M. Parker, Jill E. Walker, Wes W. Buchholz, Matt W. Blount, Keith Kiel, Johnathan L. BE Sparagano, OAE Maillard, JC Figueroa, JV TI Field Collection and Genetic Classification of Tick-borne Rickettsiae and Rickettsiae-like Pathogens from South Texas: Coxiella burnetii Isolated from Field-collected Amblyomma cajennense SO Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Animal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases - Prediction and Prevention CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO SP Soc Tropical Med DE Coxiella burnetii; Amblyomma cajennense; cayenne tick; Q-fever; tick-bone fever ID IXODIDAE; ACARI AB We are reporting the first known isolation of the Q-fever agent Coxiella burnetii from field-collected cayenne ticks Amblyomma cajennense in North America. Q-fever affects a number of domestic ungulates where it can lead to abortion in sheep and goats. There is far less known about the disease's effects on wild species, primarily because of the tendency of the disease to self resolve and to provide long-term immunity to subsequent infections. The first recovery of C. burnetii in North America was from the tick species Dermacentor andersoni. Since the original isolation C. burnetii has been recovered from five other North American tick species. The currently accepted mode for the majority of human infections is inhalation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch asserts the Q-fever agent as requiring as few as one organism to cause disease via inhalation in susceptible humans. However, with more and more isolations from ticks, evidence linking C. burnetii and ticks is mounting. The true role of tick species as competent vectors is still unconfirmed. Preemptive field collections of possible vector arthropods, hosts, and reservoirs can provide invaluable baseline environmental data that will prove supportive in follow-up studies and abatement efforts. C1 [Sanders, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, USAF, Inst Technol,Civilian Inst Program, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Parker, Jill E.; Walker, Wes W.; Buchholz, Matt W.; Blount, Keith; Kiel, Johnathan L.] USAF, Res Lab, Counterproliferat Branch, Biosci & Protect Div,Human Effectiveness Director, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Sanders, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, USAF, Inst Technol,Civilian Inst Program, Mail Stop TAMU 2475, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM dsander8@gimail.af.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-714-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1149 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1196/annals.1428.022 PG 4 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BIS01 UT WOS:000262400000052 PM 19120212 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T Esposito, R Kendall, E Sentman, D Kosch, M Mishin, E Marshall, R AF Pedersen, T. Esposito, R. Kendall, E. Sentman, D. Kosch, M. Mishin, E. Marshall, R. TI Observations of artificial and natural optical emissions at the HAARP facility SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Kiruna, SWEDEN DE atmospheric composition and structure; airglow and aurora; ionosphere active experiments; instruments and techniques ID AIRGLOW; FREQUENCIES; 3RD AB Extensive optical observations have been carried out at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) ionospheric heating facility since it began operations in 1999. A number of modern optical diagnostic instruments are hosted at remote sites as well as the main transmitter facility, which has recently been expanded from the initial 960 kW prototype configuration to its full 3.6 MW design capability. Upgrades to optical diagnostics have allowed a number of interesting new observations to be made at the 960 kW power level since 2004. Systematic beam-swinging experiments generating quantifiable levels of optical emission at various regions in the sky for the first time clearly show that emission intensity is very sensitive to distance from the magnetic zenith, and drops off rapidly at about 15 degrees zenith angle in directions other than magnetic south. High temporal resolution measurements of emissions in the 557.7 nm green line at start-up and in short transmitter pulses demonstrate that localized irregularities are preferentially excited in the initial seconds of heating, with evolution into a more homogenous spot occurring over a period of about 1 min. High-quality emission altitude profiles at both 630.0 and 557.7 nm have recently been isolated from side-looking data, spanning an altitude extent of over 200 km, which has allowed determination of the effective lifetime of O ((1)D) over an unprecedented altitude range. An innovative automated remote imager network utilizing low-cost mirror optics has been designed and deployed to make such measurements routinely. Observations of natural optical emissions at the site have revealed the common presence of highly structured but faint co-rotating subauroral precipitation that acts to suppress excitation of artificial F region optical emissions in areas of active precipitation. The observed spatial modulation of artificial optical emissions by structured precipitation is consistent with localized absorption of HF waves in the ionospheric D layer enhanced by the energetic particle precipitation. C1 [Pedersen, T.; Esposito, R.] USAF, AFRL VSBXI, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kendall, E.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sentman, D.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kosch, M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, InfoLab21, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Mishin, E.] AFRL VSBXI, Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Marshall, R.] Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, AFRL VSBXI, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Marshall, Robert/D-4202-2015; Marshall, Robert/N-1396-2016 OI Marshall, Robert/0000-0003-0974-1609 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1099 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306CC UT WOS:000256224500007 ER PT J AU Yin, P Mitchell, CN Spencer, P McCrea, I Pedersen, T AF Yin, P. Mitchell, C. N. Spencer, P. McCrea, I. Pedersen, T. TI A multi-diagnostic approach to understanding high-latitude plasma transport during the Halloween 2003 storm SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; plasma convection; polar ionosphere ID POLAR-CAP; IONOSPHERE; PATCHES; SYSTEM; RADAR; GPS AB During the Halloween 2003 storm event, significant electron density enhancements at elevated F-layer altitudes were recorded by the EISCAT and ESR radars in northern Europe between 20:00 and 24:00 UT on 30 October. At the same time, a sequence of optical images from Qaanaaq in northern Greenland captured a series of eastward-propagating polar cap patches. In this paper, an advanced 4-D tomographic method based on the assimilation of global GPS data, coupled to a predictive Kalman filtering technique, has been used to reveal the linkage between these ionospheric structures. The combination of the various data sources has clearly established the time history of this extreme event, in which high-density plasma was uplifted in the dayside ionosphere and convected anti-sunward across the polar cap to European high latitudes at an elevated F-layer. Using this multi instrument approach, we can differentiate between those density structures observed at the ESR which occurred as a result of cross-polar transport and those more likely to have been produced by in-situ soft particle precipitation, a distinction which is supported by the ESR and EISCAT data. The multi-diagnostic approach reported here has the potential significantly to extend our current understanding of high latitude plasma transport and the origin of electron density enhancements. C1 [Yin, P.; Mitchell, C. N.; Spencer, P.] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [McCrea, I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Yin, P (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM eexpy@bath.ac.uk FU China (CRIRP); Finland (SA); Germany (DFG); Japan ( NIPR and STEL); Norway ( NFR); Sweden ( VR); United Kingdom ( STFC) FX The authors acknowledge the use of GPS data provided by IGS and the ACE data from the ACE Science Center at Caltech. EISCAT is an international association supported by China (CRIRP), Finland (SA), Germany (DFG), Japan ( NIPR and STEL), Norway ( NFR), Sweden ( VR) and the United Kingdom ( STFC). PY and CNM are also grateful to the support of the UK EPSRC. Work at AFRL was carried out under AFOSR task 2311AS. Thanks are also given to the two referees for their constructive suggestions. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2739 EP 2747 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 355IO UT WOS:000259702800018 ER PT J AU Gustavsson, B Kosch, M Wong, A Pedersen, T Heinselman, C Mutiso, C Bristow, B Hughes, J Wang, W AF Gustavsson, B. Kosch, M. Wong, A. Pedersen, T. Heinselman, C. Mutiso, C. Bristow, B. Hughes, J. Wang, W. TI First estimates of volume distribution of HF-pump enhanced emissions at 6300 and 5577 angstrom: a comparison between observations and theory SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Active experiments; Ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; Radio science; Ionospheric physics ID HEATING EXPERIMENTS; AIRGLOW; IONOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; FLUXES; EISCAT; HAARP; MODEL AB We present bi-static observations of radio-wave induced optical emissions at 6300 and 5577 angstrom from a night-time radio-induced optical emission ionospheric pumping experiment at the HIPAS (Fairbanks) facility in Alaska. The optical observations were made at HIPAS and from HAARP located 285 km south-east. From these observations the altitude distribution of the emissions is estimated with tomography-like methods. These estimates are compared with theoretical models. Other diagnostics used to support the theoretical calculations include the new Poker Flat AMISR UHF radar near HIPAS. We find that the altitude distribution of the emissions agree with electron transport modeling with a source of accelerated electrons located 20 km below the upper-hybrid altitude. C1 [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, Tromso, Norway. [Kosch, M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, Lancaster, England. [Heinselman, C.] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. [Pedersen, T.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mutiso, C.; Hughes, J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [Bristow, B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Gustavsson, B (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, Tromso, Norway. EM bjorn.gustavsson@phys.uit.no NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 12 BP 3999 EP 4012 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YN UT WOS:000262412500029 ER PT J AU Vitek, L Schwertner, HA AF Vitek, Libor Schwertner, Harvey A. TI Protective effects of serum bilirubin on peripheral vascular disease SO ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilirubin; antioxidant; atherosclerosis; peripheral artery disease ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY; MEN AB Background: Bilirubin, with recently recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, has emerged as a candidate for atheroprotection. We hypothesized that higher levels of bilirubin would reduce susceptibility to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods and results: We analyzed 7,075 adults with data available on the ankle brachial index, serum total bilirubin level, and PAD risk factors in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to 2004), a nationally representative cross-sectional examination of the United States population. A 0.1 mg/dL increase in bilirubin level was associated with a 6% reduction in the odds of PAD (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.90 to 0.98]) after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, chronic kidney disease, CRP, and homocysteine. This result was not dependent on bilirubin levels above the reference range, liver disease, or alcohol intake. The inverse association of bilirubin with PAD tended to be stronger among men (OR 0.90 [95% CI 0.85 to 0.96]) compared with women (OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.91 to 1.04]; P (interaction) = 0.05), and was stronger among active smokers (OR 0.81 [95% CI 0.73 to 0.90]) compared with nonsmokers (OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.93 to 1.02]; P (interaction) < 0.01). Conclusions: Increased serum total bilirubin level is associated with reduced PAD prevalence. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that bilirubin is protective from PAD. C1 [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Internal Med 4, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Schwertner, Harvey A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Vitek, L (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Internal Med 4, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. EM vitek@cesnet.cz RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MEXICAN ASSOC HEPATOLOGY PI MEXICO PA PUNTE DE PIEDRA 150, COLONIA TORIELLO GUERRA, MEXICO, DF CP 14040, MEXICO SN 1665-2681 J9 ANN HEPATOL JI Ann. Hepatol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 278BA UT WOS:000254257200016 PM 18376376 ER PT J AU Gord, JR Meyer, TR Roy, S AF Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. Roy, Sukesh TI Applications of Ultrafast Lasers for Optical Measurements in Combusting Flows SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE combustion diagnostics; laser-induced fluorescence; pump/probe; ballistic imaging; coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; wave mixing ID STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE FLAMES; QUANTITATIVE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; ORIENTATIONAL RELAXATION-TIMES; PROBE ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; PICOSECOND LASER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; REACTING FLOWS AB Optical measurement techniques are powerful tools for the detailed study of combustion chemistry and physics. Although traditional combustion diagnostics base on continuous-wave and nanosecond-pulsed lasers continue to dominate fundamental combustion studies and applications in reacting flows, revolutionary advances in the science and engineering of ultrafast (picosecond- and femtosecond-pulsed) lasers are driving the enhancement of existing diagnostic techniques and enabling the development of new measurement approaches. The ultrashort pulses afforded by these new laser systems provide unprecedented temporal resolution for studies of chemical kinetics and dynamics, freedom from collisional-quenching effects, and tremendous peak powers for broad spectral coverage and nonlinear signal generation. The high pulse-repetition rates of ultrafast oscillators and amplifiers allow previously unachievable data- acquisition bandwidths for the study of turbulence and combustion instabilities. We review applications of ultrafast lasers for optical measurements in combusting flows and sprays, emphasizing recent achievements and future opportunities. C1 [Gord, James R.; Roy, Sukesh] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gord, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.gord@wpafh.af.mil; trm@iastate.edu; sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 101 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 30 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-1327 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2008 VL 1 BP 663 EP 687 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112957 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 395LI UT WOS:000262525200022 PM 20636093 ER PT S AU Oimoen, SC Peterson, GL Hopkinson, KM AF Oimoen, Steven C. Peterson, Gilbert L. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. BE Dorigo, M Birattari, M Blum, C Clerc, M Stutzle, T Winfield, AFT TI Network Formation Using Ant Colony Optimization SO ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biannual International Conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Co AntOptima, Belgian Fund Sci Res, French Comm Belgium C1 [Oimoen, Steven C.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oimoen, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.oimoen@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-87526-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5217 BP 405 EP 406 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIK78 UT WOS:000260431900047 ER PT S AU Engelsman, JK Wells, JR Walters, EA Lamm, PT Daniels, M AF Engelsman, Jon K. Wells, Jason R. Walters, Eric A. Lamm, Peter T. Daniels, Malcolm GP IEEE TI Development of a simulation model for an aircraft electrical main generator SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS AB A new approach to the development of a simulation model for an aircraft electrical main generator is presented In this approach, a recently developed physical voltage behind reactance modeling technique is used to efficiently and accurately separate the stator-rotor interactions of a synchronous generator in order to increase computational efficiency. This study describes the method used to develop a representative simulation model of a synchronous generator from hardware frequency-response testing, with additional generator controls analogous to built-in systems on an actual aircraft Comparisons are presented between results from simulation tests and hardware testing using basic step load conditions. C1 [Engelsman, Jon K.; Wells, Jason R.; Walters, Eric A.] PC Krause & Associates Inc, Hentschel Ctr, 1220 Potter Dr,Suite 130D, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Lamm, Peter T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Daniels, Malcolm] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Engelsman, JK (reprint author), PC Krause & Associates Inc, Hentschel Ctr, 1220 Potter Dr,Suite 130D, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. FU United States Air Force [FA8650-04-D-2409-DO4] FX The authors would like to thank the United States Air Force for providing funding and facilities in support of this research work under contract FA8650-04-D-2409-DO4. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 1679 EP + DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4522952 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074301103 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Lempert, WR Switzer, GL Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Jiang, Naibo Lempert, Walter R. Switzer, Gary L. Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. TI Narrow-linewidth megahertz-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator for high-speed flow and combustion diagnostics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INJECTION; FLUORESCENCE; LASER AB We demonstrate the ability to generate ultra-high-frequency sequences of broadly wavelength-tunable, high-intensity laser pulses using a custom-built optical parametric oscillator pumped by the third-harmonic output of a "burst-mode" Nd:YAG laser. Burst sequences consisting of 6-10 pulses separated in time by 6-10 its are obtained, with average total conversion efficiency from the 355 nm pump to the near-IR signal and idler wavelengths of similar to 33%. Typical individual pulse output energy for the signal and idler beams is in the range of 4-6 mJ, limited by the available pump energy. Line narrowing is demonstrated by means of injection seeding the idler wave using a low-power external-cavity diode laser at 827 nm. It is shown that seeding reduces the time-averaged linewidth of both the signal and idler outputs to similar to 300 MHz, which is near the 220 MHz Fourier transform limit. Line narrowing is achieved without recourse to active cavity stabilization. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Jiang, Naibo; Lempert, Walter R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Switzer, Gary L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gord, James R.] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lempert, WR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. EM lempert.1@osu.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000064 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 256VI UT WOS:000252757600010 PM 18157278 ER PT J AU Nademin, E Jobes, DA Pflanz, SE Jacoby, AM Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M Campise, R Joiner, T Wagner, BM Johnson, L AF Nademin, Elicia Jobes, David A. Pflanz, Steven E. Jacoby, Aaron M. Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan Campise, Rick Joiner, Thomas Wagner, Barry M. Johnson, Leigh TI An Investigation of Interpersonal-Psychological Variables in Air Force Suicides: A Controlled-Comparison Study SO ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air Force; interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide; military; self-inflicted harm; suicide; suicide prevention AB Joiner's (2005) theory attributes suicide to an individual's acquired capability to enact self-harm, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. This study evaluated whether Joiner's theory could differentiate United States (US) Air Force (AF) personnel (n = 60) who died by suicide from a living active duty AF personnel comparison sample (n = 122). Responses from AF personnel on several scales assessing Joiner's constructs were compared to data from a random sample of postmortem investigatory files of AF personnel who died by suicide between 1996-2006. This research also introduced a newly designed measure, the Interpersonal-Psychological Survey (IPS), designed to assess the three components of Joiner's theory in one, easy-to-administer instrument. Analyses of the psychometric properties of the IPS support initial validation efforts to establish this scale as a predictive measure for suicide. Findings support that one's score on the Acquired Capability to Commit Suicide subscale of the IPS and the IPS overall score reliably distinguished between the two groups. The implications of these findings in relation to suicide prevention efforts in the US military are discussed. C1 [Nademin, Elicia] Midwestern Univ, Dept Clin Psychol, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA. [Jobes, David A.; Wagner, Barry M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Pflanz, Steven E.] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Jacoby, Aaron M.] VA Pittsburgh Hlth Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Campise, Rick] USAF, Med Operat Squadron 1, Hampton, VA USA. [Joiner, Thomas] Florida State Univ, Gainesville, FL USA. [Johnson, Leigh] USAF, Newport News, VA USA. RP Nademin, E (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, Dept Clin Psychol, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA. EM EliciaN@Gmail.com NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1381-1118 J9 ARCH SUICIDE RES JI Arch. Suicide Res. PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1080/13811110802324847 PG 18 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA V11CR UT WOS:000207510200003 PM 18828034 ER PT B AU Ren, SP Kwiat, K AF Ren, Shangping Kwiat, Kevin BE Jakoubi, S Tjoa, S Weippl, ER TI A non-intrusive approach to enhance legacy embedded control systems with cyber protection features SO ARES 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SECURE Business Austria, DEXA, Univ Politech Catalunya, Austrian Comp Soc, European & Info Secur Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc DE legacy control systems; behavior observation; feedback loop AB Unlike general purpose systems, distributed and embedded control systems, such as power grid control systems and water treatment systems, etc., generally have a 24x7 availability requirement Hence, upgrading or adding new cyber protection features into these systems in order to sustain them when faults caused by cyber attacks occur, is often difficult to achieve and inhibits the evolution of these systems into a cyber environment. In this paper, we present a solution for extending the capabilities of existing systems while simultaneously maintaining the stability of the current systems. Art externalized survivability management scheme based on the observe-reason-modify paradigm is applied, which decomposes the cyber attack protection process into three orthogonal subtasks: observation, evaluation and protection. This architecture provides greater flexibility and has an evolvability attribute - it can utilize emerging techniques; yet requires either minimal modifications or even no modifications whatsoever to the controlled infrastructures. The approach itself is general and can be applied to a broad class of observable systems. C1 [Ren, Shangping] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Ren, SP (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM ren@iit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3102-1 PY 2008 BP 1180 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2009.24 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV12 UT WOS:000256665200166 ER PT B AU Ravindran, K Wu, J Kwiat, KA Sabbir, A AF Ravindran, K. Wu, Jiang Kwiat, K. A. Sabbir, A. BE Jakoubi, S Tjoa, S Weippl, ER TI Adaptive voting algorithms for reliable dissemination of data in sensor networks SO ARES 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SECURE Business Austria, DEXA, Univ Politech Catalunya, Austrian Comp Soc, European & Info Secur Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc AB A real-time data collection system in sensor network settings requires dealing with failures in the network and in the external environment: such as data corruptions by malicious devices and message timeliness violations in the network. Functional replication is employed to deal with such failures, with voting among the replica devices to move a correct data to the end-user. The goal of our paper is to develop a voting system that dynamically adapts its internal mechanisms to deal with various types of failures. The paper presents the design issues, with considerations of protocol correctness and performance. A goal is to reduce the message overhead-and hence the power drain on wireless connected sensor devices. C1 [Ravindran, K.; Wu, Jiang] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kwiat, K. A.] US Air Force Res Lab, New York, NY USA. [Sabbir, A.] Independent Univ Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Ravindran, K (reprint author), CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ravi@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil; alisabbir@iub.edu.bd OI sabbir, ali/0000-0001-6552-0603 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3102-1 PY 2008 BP 1234 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2008.172 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV12 UT WOS:000256665200173 ER PT S AU Irvin, DJ Cobb, RG Lovell, TA AF Irvin, David J., Jr. Cobb, Richard G. Lovell, T. Alan BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI A general methodology for minimum-fuel hovering satellite formations SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB This research investigates strategies to enable a deputy satellite to "hover" within a defined volume fixed in the vicinity of a chief satellite for an extended period of time. Previous research has developed initial methodologies for maintaining restricted teardrop hover orbits that exist in a plane fixed within the chief's local reference frame. These methods use the natural drift of the deputy satellite in the relative frame and impulsive thrust to keep the deputy in a bounded volume relative to the chief, but do not address fuel-optimality. This research extends and enhances that work by finding optimal trajectories, produced with discrete-thrusts, that minimize fuel spent per unit time and stay within the user-defined volume, thus providing a practical hover capability in the vicinity of the chief. The work assumes the Clohessy-Wiltshire closeness assumption between the deputy and chief is valid, however, elliptical chief orbits can be accommodated. Using the new methodology developed in this work, feasible closed and non-closed relative orbits are found and evaluated based on a fuel criterion and compared to an easily calculated continuous-thrust baseline. It is shown that in certain scenarios a discrete-thrust solution provides a lower overall fuel cost than a continuous-thrust solution. These scenarios are generally constrained to a smaller total time-of-flight. A simple check is proposed that enables the mission planner to make the correct strategy choice. C1 [Irvin, David J., Jr.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Irvin, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.irvin@afit.edu; richard.cobb@afit.edu; thomas.lovell@kirtland.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 329 EP 349 PN I - III PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272900018 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI Earth satellite orbits as KAM tori SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB Kolmogorov, Arnold, and Moser predicted that trajectories in lightly perturbed Hamiltonian systems should lie on tori, now known as KAM tori. In this paper we show that this appears to be the case for most, if not virtually all earth orbits perturbed by the entire geopotential. Methods for determining the torus frequencies and coordinate Fourier series are developed. The basis frequencies of the torus can be identified to very high accuracy in a finite integration. Fitting Fourier series is computationally expensive, but seems to confirm that a KAM torus exists. Most earth orbits seem to lie on such tori, with chaotic motion only present near polar orbits, if at all. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 2669 EP 2681 PN I - III PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272902041 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Caylor, GL Moore, KP Harris, TR Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Caylor, Gregory L. Moore, Kenneth P. Harris, Thomas R. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Korotkova, O TI A first principles atmospheric propagation & characterization tool - the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) - art. no. 68780B SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE atmospheric effects; aerosol extinction; optical turbulence; correlated climatology; cloud free line of sight ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; AEROSOLS; WATER; ICE AB The Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE) has developed a first principles atmospheric propagation and characterization model called the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference or LEEDR. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, and atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer extinction coefficient magnitude at wavelengths from the UV to the RF. Worldwide seasonal, diurnal, and geographical variability in these parameters is accessed from probability density function (PDF) databases using a variety of recently available resources to include the Extreme and Percentile Environmental Reference Tables (ExPERT), the Master Database for Optical Turbulence Research in Support of the Airborne Laser, and the Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS). GADS provides aerosol constituent number densities on a 5 degrees x 5 degrees grid worldwide. ExPERT mapping software allows the LEEDR operator to choose from specific site or regional upper air data to characterize correlated molecular absorption, aerosol absorption and scattering by percentile. The integration of the Surface Marine Gridded Climatology database, the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM), and the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model provides worldwide coverage over all ocean regions on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid. Molecular scattering is computed based on Rayleigh theory. Molecular absorption effects are computed for the top 13 absorbing species using line strength information from the HITRAN 2004 database in conjunction with a community standard molecular absorption continuum code. Aerosol scattering and absorption are computed with the Wiscombe Mie model. Each atmospheric particulate/hydrometeor is evaluated based on its wavelength-dependent forward and off-axis scattering characteristics and absorption effects on laser energy delivered at any wavelength from 0.355 mu m to 8.6 m. LEEDR can also produce correlated optical turbulence profiles in percentile format. In addition, probability of cloud free line of sight (CFLOS) for hundreds of land sites worldwide is available in LEEDR. Effects of layers of fog, several types of rain and several types of water droplet and ice clouds can also be considered. In addition to describing some of the underlying theory to the LEEDR calculations, this paper presents graphical results for several different scenarios. These generic scenarios are meant to exemplify how LEEDR enables the physically realistic data capture of atmospheric effects on electromagnetic propagation. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Caylor, Gregory L.; Moore, Kenneth P.; Harris, Thomas R.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobsonb Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7053-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6878 BP B8780 EP B8780 DI 10.1117/12.763812 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ94 UT WOS:000255551000005 ER PT S AU Telle, J Drummond, J Hillman, P Denman, C AF Telle, John Drummond, Jack Hillman, Paul Denman, Craig BE Korotkova, O TI Simulations of mesospheric sodium guidestar radiance - art. no. 68780G SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID EXCITATION AB This report will describe the progress towards modeling the radiance of a mesospheric atomic sodium guidestar pumped with a continuous-wave, narrow-linewidth source. We will model the cases of pumping only the D(2)a line and pumping both the D(2)a and D(2)b lines simultaneously. The simulation is named the sodium guidestar simulation or SGS. C1 [Telle, John; Drummond, Jack; Hillman, Paul; Denman, Craig] AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Opt Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Telle, J (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Opt Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7053-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6878 BP G8780 EP G8780 DI 10.1117/12.760528 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ94 UT WOS:000255551000010 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI Propagation variability assessments of ship defense HEL and HPM performance in worldwide maritime boundary layer environments at wavelengths of 1.0642 mu m, 2.141 mu m, 3.16 mm and 12.2 cm - art. no. 69510G SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE climatology; optical turbulence; extinction; rain rate regions; maritime conditions; aerosols ID AEROSOLS AB This study quantifies the variability in ship defense high energy laser (HEL) and high power microwave (HPM) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer relative to a commonly defined standard atmosphere. The atmosphere -effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model: The expected propagation performance is assessed at 4 wavelengths (1.0642 gm, 2.141 pm, 3.16 mm, and 12.2 cm) across the world's oceans and mapped on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid. Scenarios evaluated are.primarily near-surface and horizontal-over ranges up to 9000 meters in which anticipated clear air aerosols and thin layers of fog, light rain, and various cloud types occur. Seasonal (summer and winter) and boundary layer variations for a range of relative humidity-percentile conditions are considered to determine optimum employment techniques to exploit or defeat the environmental conditions. Optical turbulence impacts and numerous atmospheric particulate/hydromeieor distributions are evaluated based on their wavelength-dependent scattering and absorption effects on HEL/HPM engagement. HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with physically correct temperature and moisture vertical lapse rates to create realistic atmospheric boundary layer effects. HELEEOS characterizes maritime aerosol environments using the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM) or various representations of maritime particulates from the Global Aerosol Dataset (GADS). In the lowest 50 m, HELEEOS defines maritime optical turbulence-with the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6951 BP G9510 EP G9510 DI 10.1117/12.777568 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500010 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Disimile, PJ AF Davis, John M. Disimile, Peter J. TI Effect of engine nacelle clutter density on downstream water spray distributions SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB This investigation presents the results of spray interactions with clutter elements in a surrounding turbulent airflow, with an emphasis on aiding the development of spray transport models to be used within a computational fire code. Many Halon replacement agents have high boiling points and discharge in a liquid state, thus resulting in the transport of liquid droplets through cluttered engine nacelles. By increasing the understanding of liquid state suppressant transport through cluttered environments, the overall effectiveness of fire suppressant systems could be increased. The current paper examines agent droplet diameter and velocity at locations upstream and downstream of a clutter package consisting of staggered cylindrical arrays of various streamwise spacing. The agent (water) was discharged upstream of the clutter from a two-phase nozzle into the main airflow. Three-dimensional droplet velocity and diameter measurements were taken upstream and downstream of the clutter, for three separate clutter densities under a constant main airflow speed of approximately 5.0 m/s and a nominal turbulence level of 10%. The downstream data are compared to the upstream distributions to provide insight into the effect of clutter density on agent distribution. C1 [Davis, John M.] Engn & Sci Innovat Inc, Batesville, IN 47006 USA. [Disimile, Peter J.] USAF, Aerosp Survivabil & Safety Flight, Test Wing 46, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Engn & Sci Innovat Inc, Batesville, IN 47006 USA. EM jdavis@esi-solutionsinc.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 553 EP 569 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v18.i6.50 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 296DE UT WOS:000255522900005 ER PT S AU McManamon, PF Javidi, B Watson, EA DaneshPanah, M Schulein, RT AF McManamon, P. F. Javidi, B. Watson, E. A. DaneshPanah, M. Schulein, R. T. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI New paradigms for active and passive 3D remote object sensing, visualization, and recognition SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVIII CY MAR 19-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; three dimensional imaging; passive sensing; laser radar ID AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION; OCCLUDED OBJECTS; RECONSTRUCTION; FILTERS; DISCRIMINATION; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; NOISE AB Three dimensional imaging is a powerful tool for object detection, identification, and classification. 3D imaging allows removal of partial obscurations in front of the imaged object. Traditional 3D image sensing has been Laser Radar (LADAR) based. Active imaging has benefits; however, its disadvantages are costs, detector array complexity, power, weight, and size. In this keynote address paper, we present an overview of 3D sensing approaches based on passive sensing using commercially available detector technology. 3D passive sensing will provide many benefits, including advantages at shorter ranges. For small, inexpensive UAVs, it is likely that 3D passive imaging will be preferable to active 3D imaging. C1 [Javidi, B.; DaneshPanah, M.; Schulein, R. T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.McManamon@wpafb.af.mil; Bahram.Javidi@uconn.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7158-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6967 AR 69670E DI 10.1117/12.778343 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY02 UT WOS:000257316900011 ER PT S AU Rogers, SK Sadowski, C Bauer, KW Oxley, ME Kabrisky, M Rogers, A Mott, SD AF Rogers, Steven K. Sadowski, Charles Bauer, Kenneth W. Oxley, Mark E. Kabrisky, Matthew Rogers, Adam Mott, Stephen D. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI The life and death of ATR/sensor fusion and the hope for resurrection SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVIII CY MAR 19-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; sensor fusion; computational intelligence; machine learning ID SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB For over half a century, scientists and engineers have worked diligently to advance computational intelligence. One application of interest is how computational intelligence can bring value to our war fighters. Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) and sensor fusion efforts have fallen far short of the desired capabilities. In this article we review the capabilities requested by war fighters. When compared to our current capabilities, it is easy to conclude current Combat Identification (CID) as a Family of Systems (FoS) does a lousy job. The war fighter needed capable, operationalized ATR and sensor fusion systems ten years ago but it did not happen. The article reviews the war fighter needs and the current state of the art. The article then concludes by looking forward to where we are headed to provide the capabilities required. C1 [Rogers, Steven K.; Mott, Stephen D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, SK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steven.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7158-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6967 AR 696702 DI 10.1117/12.783012 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY02 UT WOS:000257316900001 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Iskandar, JI Dunn, CJ King, JA AF Donovan, Daniel J. Iskandar, John I. Dunn, Christopher J. King, James A. TI Aeromedical evacuation of patients with pneumocephalus: Outcomes in 21 cases SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transport; air travel; craniotomy; head injury ID MOUNT FUJI SIGN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INTRACRANIAL AIR; INTRACEREBRAL PNEUMATOCELE; TENSION PNEUMOCEPHALUS; DRAINAGE; COMPLICATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; SECONDARY AB Introduction: Aeromedical evacuation of patients with posttraumatic and/or post-surgical pneumocephalus has often been regarded with great concern. The expansion of intracranial air with increasing altitude can theoretically result in tension pneumocephalus, with potentially fatal results. This concern is primarily based on extremely rare case reports and theoretical models rather than any significant clinical experience. We report the outcomes of a series of 21 patients with posttraumatic and/or post-craniotomy pneumocephalus who underwent long-range air evacuation from a combat theater in military aircraft. Methods: The estimated volume for each patient was calculated with a simplified method, purposely intended to err toward overestimation, based on computerized tomography scans performed within 24 h prior to air travel. Results: The volumes of pneumocephalus ranged from 0.6 to 42.7 ml, with mean volume of 9.3 ml and median volume of 4.2 ml. No patient sustained a temporary or permanent neurologic decline as a result of air transportation. Three patients with continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) were not observed to have any sustained pressure elevations during flight. Discussion: We conclude that pneumocephalus in the head-injured and/or craniotomy patient is not likely by itself to be an absolute contra indication to air evacuation. The mechanism causing pneumocephalus, its time course, progression, and the rate of altitude change are likely more important factors in determining its clinical significance. More clinical experience is required to better assess the safety of aeromedical evacuation of these patients, but this small series suggests that it is not as dangerous as previously thought. C1 [Donovan, Daniel J.; Iskandar, John I.] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Dunn, Christopher J.; King, James A.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), QMC POB 1,Ste 1009,1380 Lusitana St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM ddonovan-hng@hawaii.rr.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.3357/ASEM.1893.2008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 248OE UT WOS:000252162500005 PM 18225775 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR King, RE AF Carretta, Thomas R. King, Raymond E. TI Improved military air traffic controller selection methods as measured training performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE predictive validity; personnel selection; armed services; vocational aptitude battery ID RANGE RESTRICTION; SUCCESS AB Introduction: Over the past decade, the U.S. military has conducted several studies to evaluate determinants of enlisted air traffic controller (ATC) performance. Research has focused on validation of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and has shown it to be a good predictor of training performance. Despite this, enlisted ATC training and post-training attrition is higher than desirable, prompting interest in alternate selection methods to augment current procedures. The current study examined the utility of the FAA Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) battery for incrementing the predictiveness of the ASVAB versus several enlisted ATC training criteria. Method: Subjects were 448 USAF enlisted ATC students who were administered the ASVAB and FAA AT-SAT subtests and subsequently graduated or were eliminated from apprentice-level training. Training criteria were a dichotomous graduation/elimination training score, average ATC fundamentals course score, and FAA certified tower operator test score. Results: Results confirmed the predictive validity of the ASVAB and showed that one of the AT-SAT subtests resembling a low-fidelity ATC work sample significantly improved prediction of training performance beyond the ASVAB alone. Discussion: Results suggested training attrition could be reduced by raising the current ASVAB minimum qualifying score. However, this approach may make it difficult to identify sufficient numbers of trainees and lead to adverse impact. Although the AT-SAT ATC work sample subtest showed incremental validity to the ASVAB, its length (95 min) may be problematic in operational testing. Recommendations are made for additional studies to address issues affecting operational implementation. C1 [King, Raymond E.] FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 USA. [Carretta, Thomas R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP King, RE (reprint author), FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, AAM-520,POB 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 USA. EM Raymond.King@faa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2166.2008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 248OE UT WOS:000252162500006 PM 18225776 ER PT J AU Weitzel, EK McMains, KC Rajapaksa, S Wormald, PJ AF Weitzel, Erik K. McMains, K. Christopher Rajapaksa, Suresh Wormald, Peter-John TI Aerosinusitis: Pathophysiology, prophylaxis, and management in passengers and aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE sinus barotrauma; rhinologic barosinusitis ID ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY; BAROTRAUMA; AIR; AVIATORS AB Patients presenting before flight with an upper respiratory infection are at risk for aerosinusitis. Prophylaxis of this condition consists of an oral decongestant before flight and nasal decongestant spray during the flight just prior to descent. Evaluation of the patient presenting with aerosinusitis consists of a careful physical exam with emphasis on diagnosing treatable nasal and sinus pathology. Categorization of the patient into the Weissman classification is important for determining prognostic factors for recovery. Management of this condition is based on the Weissman stage. Stage I or II lesions are generally treated conservatively with a 1-wk course of topical sprays, analgesics, a tapering course of steroids, and oral decongestants. Use of antibiotics is reserved for those cases initiated by bacterial sinusitis. Additionally, antihistamines are reserved for cases where allergies were the inciting cause. Stage III lesions are rarely seen in civilian air travelers due to the relatively low fluctuations in ambient air pressure. Aircrew that suffer Stage III aerosinusitis are at risk for recurrent sinus barotrauma that may require an expertly performed functional endoscopic sinus surgery to successfully manage it. C1 [Weitzel, Erik K.; Rajapaksa, Suresh; Wormald, Peter-John] USAF, ENT Dept, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Surg Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. [McMains, K. Christopher] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), USAF, ENT Dept, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Surg Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. EM erik.weitzel@mac.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2203.2008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 248OE UT WOS:000252162500009 PM 18225779 ER PT S AU Birkan, M AF Birkan, Mitat BE Pakhomov, AV TI Beamed energy propulsion: Research status and needs - Part 1 SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls DE beamed energy propulsion; laser propulsion; microwave propulsion; lightcraft ID LASER-SUSTAINED PLASMAS; CAVITY MICROWAVE PLASMAS; HYPERSONIC FLOW; AIR SPIKE; ARGON; GAS AB One promising solution to the operationally responsive space is the application of remote electromagnetic energy to propel a launch vehicle into orbit. With beamed energy propulsion, one can leave the power source stationary on the ground or space, and direct heat propellant on the spacecraft with a beam from a fixed station. This permits the spacecraft to leave its power source at home, saving significant amounts of mass, greatly improving performance. This concept, which removes the mass penalty of carrying the propulsion energy source on board the vehicle, was first proposed by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972; he invoked an extremely powerful ground based laser. The same year Michael Minovich suggested a conceptually similar "in-space" laser rocket system utilizing a remote laser power station. In the late 1980's, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded continuous, double pulse laser and microwave propulsion while Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) funded ablative laser rocket propulsion. Currently AFOSR has been funding the concept initiated by Leik Myrabo, repetitively pulsed laser propulsion, which has been universally perceived, arguably, to be the closest for mid-term applications. This 2-part paper examines the investment strategies in beamed energy propulsion and technical challenges to be overcome. Part 1 presents a world-wide review of beamed energy propulsion research, including both laser and microwave arenas. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Birkan, M (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0516-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 997 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHR73 UT WOS:000255832700001 ER PT S AU Birkan, M AF Birkan, Mitat BE Pakhomov, AV TI Beamed energy propulsion: Research status and needs - Part 2 SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls DE beamed energy propulsion; laser propulsion; microwave propulsion; lightcraft AB One promising solution to the operationally responsive space is the application of remote electromagnetic energy to propel a launch vehicle into orbit With beamed energy propulsion, one can leave the power source stationary on the ground or space, and direct heat propellant on the spacecraft with a beam from a fixed station. This permits the spacecraft to leave its power source at home, saving significant amounts of mass, greatly improving performance. This concept, which removes the mass penalty of carrying the propulsion energy source on board the vehicle, was first proposed by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972; he invoked an extremely powerful ground based laser. The same year Michael Minovich suggested a conceptually similar "in-space' laser rocket system utilizing a remote law power station. In the late 1980's, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded continuous, double pulse laser and microwave propulsion while Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) funded ablative laser rocket propulsion. Currently AFOSR has been funding the concept initiated by Leik Myrabo, repetitively pulsed laser propulsion, which has been universally perceived, arguably, to be the closest for mid-term applications. This 2-part paper examines the investment strategies in beamed energy propulsion and technical challenges to be overcome. Part 2 covers the present research status and needs. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Birkan, M (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0516-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 997 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHR73 UT WOS:000255832700002 ER PT S AU Larson, CW AF Larson, C. William BE Pakhomov, AV TI Perspective on one decade of laser propulsion research at air force research laboratory SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls DE laser ablation; laser pulse; laser propulsion; Delrin; lightcraft beamed energy ID TEA CO2-LASER; PERFORMANCE; LIGHTCRAFT; ABLATION AB The Air Force Laser Propulsion Program spanned nearly 10-years and included about 35-weeks of experimental research with the Pulsed Laser Vulnerability Test System of the High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, WSMR/HELSTF/PLVTS. PLVTS is a pulsed CO2 laser that produces up to 10 kW of power in similar to 10 cm(2) spot at wavelength of 10.6 microns. The laser is capable of a pulse repetition rate up to 25 Hz, with pulse durations of about 20 microseconds. During the program basic research was conducted on the production of propulsion thrust from laser energy through beating of air and ablation of various candidate rocket propellant fuels. Flight tests with an ablation fuel (Delrin) and air were accomplished with a model Laser Lightcraft vehicle that was optimized for propulsion by the PLVTS at its maximum power output; 10 kW at 25 Hz, 400 J/pulse. Altitudes exceeding 200-feet were achieved with ablation fuels. The most recent contributions to the technology included development of a mini-thruster standard for testing of chemically enhanced fuels and theoretical calculations on the performance of formulations containing ammonium nitrate and Delrin. Results of these calculations will also be reported here. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Larson, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0516-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 997 BP 84 EP 96 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHR73 UT WOS:000255832700008 ER PT J AU Van Hasselt, VB Sheehan, DC Malcolm, AS Sellers, AH Baker, MT Couwels, J AF Van Hasselt, Vincent B. Sheehan, Donald C. Malcolm, Abigail S. Sellers, Alfred H. Baker, Monty T. Couwels, Judy TI The Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS) Evaluation of Psychometric Properties SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE assessment; law enforcement; police; stress; trauma ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; BEHAVIORAL-ANALYSIS; POLICE OFFICERS; SCALE; MODEL AB This study establishes the reliability and validity of the Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS), a short early-warning stress-screening measure for law enforcement officers. The initial phase of LEOSS development employed the behavioral-analytic model to construct a 25-item instrument specifically geared toward evaluation of stress in this population. The purpose of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the LEOSS. Results indicate this instrument has good levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity. Potential applications of the LEOSS in clinical and research contexts are discussed. The next phase of research on the LEOSS is discussed, and suggestions for directions that future research in this area might take are offered. C1 [Van Hasselt, Vincent B.] Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, Family Violence Program, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Malcolm, Abigail S.] Eastern Shores Psychol Serv, Salisbury, MD USA. [Baker, Monty T.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Couwels, Judy] Broward Sheriffs Off, Employee Assistance Program, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Van Hasselt, VB (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, Family Violence Program, 3301 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1177/0145445507308571 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 387CH UT WOS:000261928800008 PM 18096976 ER PT J AU Niday, JA AF Niday, Jackson A., II TI The war against terror as war against the Constitution SO CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Article DE US Supreme Court; rhetoric; Hamdi; Rumsfeld; terrorism; illegal combatant; enemy combatant; Scalia; jeremiad AB This essay examines rhetorical dynamics in the 2004 US Supreme Court case Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. News reports suggested the court split 8-1 or 6-3. However, case texts show substantive disagreements created a 4-2-2-1 split in the court. Moreover, while the justices on the bench split into four camps rather than two, those camps were not defined along ideological lines. This essay argues that pragmatism, the legal philosophy that held sway in the case, achieved practical expediency at the expense of judicial and constitutional coherency. In the end, the court found a majority through neither persuasion nor principled conviction but, rather, through reluctant compromise in order to achieve a partial resolution rather than none. In other words, argumentation failed and consensus followed from necessity rather than persuasion. The essay explores the question of whether constitutionally guaranteed civil liberties were violated in the ruling. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Niday, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0007-7720 J9 CAN REV AM STUD JI Can. Rev. Am. Stud. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.3138/cras.38.1.101 PG 17 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 351FJ UT WOS:000259409600006 ER PT J AU Chen, W Qu, L Chang, D Dai, L Ganguli, S Roy, A AF Chen, Wei Qu, Liangti Chang, Dongwook Dai, Liming Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit TI Vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes infiltrated with temperature-responsive polymers: smart nanocomposite films for self-cleaning and controlled release SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES AB We have demonstrated that the infiltration of temperature-responsive polymers (e. g., PNIPAAm) into vertically-aligned carbon nanotube forests created synergetic effects, which provided the basis for the development of smart nanocomposite films with temperature-induced self-cleaning and/or controlled release capabilities. C1 [Chen, Wei; Qu, Liangti; Chang, Dongwook; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Roy, Ajit] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Manufact Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, L (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 2 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1039/b715079b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 243BU UT WOS:000251770700012 PM 18092074 ER PT J AU Del Sesto, RE McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Baker, GA Thompson, JD Scott, BL Wilkes, JS Williams, P AF Del Sesto, Rico E. McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Baker, Gary A. Thompson, Joe D. Scott, Brian L. Wilkes, John S. Williams, Peg TI Structure and magnetic behavior of transition metal based ionic liquids SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE MOLTEN-SALT; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; IRON(III); ELECTROCHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; COPPER(I); MIXTURES; SPECTRA AB A series of ionic liquids containing different paramagnetic anions have been prepared and all show paramagnetic behavior with potential applications for magnetic and electrochromic switching as well as novel magnetic transport; also, the tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids reveal anomalous magnetic behavior. C1 [Del Sesto, Rico E.; McCleskey, T. Mark; Burrell, Anthony K.; Scott, Brian L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA MC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thompson, Joe D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wilkes, John S.; Williams, Peg] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Del Sesto, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA MC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ricod@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 26 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 14 U2 104 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 4 BP 447 EP 449 DI 10.1039/b711189d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 249UD UT WOS:000252254500006 PM 18188463 ER PT J AU Crookes-Goodson, WJ Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Bio-directed synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; DEMOSPONGE SUBERITES-DOMUNCULA; BACTERIAL MAGNETIC PARTICLES; CADMIUM-SULFIDE NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILICEOUS SPICULES; BIOGENIC SILICA; METAL; BIOMINERALIZATION AB This tutorial review provides an overview of bio-directed synthesis of nanomaterials, starting with the foundation of biomineralization research-how organisms are able to biomineralize materials in vivo-and progressing to studies of biomineralization in vitro. This research is of interest to biologists, chemists and materials scientists alike, especially in light of efforts to find 'greener' methods of inorganic material synthesis. Examples of applications of nanomaterials synthesized by these methods are provided to demonstrate the end goals of biomineralization research. C1 [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 10 U2 110 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2403 EP 2412 DI 10.1039/b702825n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 364AV UT WOS:000260309500004 PM 18949113 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Waksman, JC AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Waksman, Javier C. TI Amitriptyline-induced Brugada pattern fails to respond to sodium bicarbonate - Reply SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION; TOXICITY; REVERSAL; MECHANISM C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Waksman, Javier C.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Temple, TX USA. EM Javier.waksman@uchsc.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1080/15563650701665159 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 255OR UT WOS:000252667800013 PM 18167040 ER PT J AU Deitche, AL Deitche, WS Bebarta, VS Borys, DJ Morgan, DL AF Deitche, A. L. Deitche, W. S. Bebarta, V. S. Borys, D. J. Morgan, D. L. TI Clinical effects following acute donepezil (Aricept) ingestion by young children SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Deitche, A. L.; Borys, D. J.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Deitche, W. S.] Darnell Army Med Ctr, Ft Hood, TX USA. [Bebarta, V. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Morgan, D. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Temple, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 147 BP 616 EP 617 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900148 ER PT J AU Gluck, K Bello, P Busemeyer, J AF Gluck, Kevin Bello, Paul Busemeyer, Jerome TI Model comparison Introduction to the Special Issue SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gluck, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Bello, Paul] USN, Res Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Busemeyer, Jerome] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gluck, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM kevin.gluck@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1245 EP 1247 AR PII 906361317 DI 10.1080/03640210802473582 PG 3 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 379RJ UT WOS:000261413600001 PM 21585452 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, DH Fredrickson, BM Schoeppner, GA Larve, EV Palazotto, AN AF Mollenhauer, D. H. Fredrickson, B. M. Schoeppner, G. A. Larve, E. V. Palazotto, A. N. TI Moire interferometry measurements of composite laminate repair behavior: Influence of grating thickness on interlaminar response SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE joints/joining; numerical analysis; carbon fiber; optical techniques; mechanical testing ID FIELD AB Bonded scarf-lap and step-lap specimens representative of fully repaired composites were fabricated from two quasi-isotropic sixteen ply panels made from IM6/3501-6 material. The full-field optical displacement measuring technique, moire interferometry, was used to gather detailed information about the distribution of interlaminar strain on the edge of these specimens. Highly detailed 3D numerical models were constructed for both specimen geometries and results obtained. Instead of modeling idealized bondline geometries, the geometries were obtained through digitization of micrographs of the actual test specimens. As a further enhancement on a second set of models, a thin resin layer representing the moire interferometry diffraction grating was added to each model. Comparisons between the model and experimental results showed that a localized effect over the bondline was more accurately represented when the grating layer was modeled. Surprisingly, it was found that in regions away from the bondline, the through-thickness interlaminar normal strain was found to be amplified by the presence of the modeled grating. A series of parametric models were conducted on a laminated composite while varying grating thickness and modulus to further examine this phenomenon. A mechanism for the strain amplification is proposed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mollenhauer, D. H.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Larve, E. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fredrickson, B. M.; Palazotto, A. N.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mollenhauer, DH (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Mollenhauer@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1322 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 345GV UT WOS:000258985200013 ER PT J AU Mall, S Ryba, JL AF Mall, Shankar Ryba, J. L. TI Effects of moisture on tensile stress rupture behavior of a SiC/SiC composite at elevated temperatures SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramics matrix composites; stress; fiber; silicon carbide ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES; AIR; INTERFACES; FATIGUE AB This study characterized the moisture and temperature effects on the stress rupture behavior of ceramic matrix composite (CMC), SyliBN/BN/SiC, which was composed of Sylramic (Syl) fibers with an in situ layer of boron nitride (iBN), boron nitride interphase (BN) and silicon carbide (SiC) matrix. For this purpose, stress rupture tests were conducted under 100% steam and laboratory air environments at three temperatures, 400 degrees C 750 degrees C, and 950 degrees C to develop stress versus time to failure relationships. At a given stress level, time to failure decreased with increase of the test temperature and moisture. However, the stress rupture strength at 750 degrees C under both laboratory air and steam conditions was relatively low than the expected degradation based on the interpolation from those at 400-950 degrees C. Similar characteristics were observed in residual strength of the corresponding specimens which survived 100 h and also in the damage mechanisms. The degradation of the BN interphase between the fiber and the matrix was the primary damage which was relatively more in the steam environment than that in air laboratory. This damage was in the form of fracture, recession and loss of BN interphase at 400 degrees C or 950 'C while there was pesting of fibers due to formation of borosilicate causing relatively more embrittlement of the tested CMC system at 750 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mall, Shankar; Ryba, J. L.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.coiiipscitech.2007.03.005 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 244HN UT WOS:000251857100033 ER PT S AU Lindstrom, C Tam, CJ Givens, R Davis, D Williams, S AF Lindstrom, Chad Tam, Chung-Jen Givens, Ryan Davis, Doug Williams, Skip BE Bouman, CA Miller, EL Pollak, I TI Diode laser absorption tomography using data compression techniques SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging VI CY JAN 28-29, 2008-2088 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, GE Healthcare DE absorption spectroscopy; tomography; diode laser; TDLAS; supersonic flows; supersonic combustion ID TEMPERATURE; FLOWS AB Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) shows promise for in situ monitoring in high-speed flows. However, the dynamic nature of typical flows of supersonic combustors, gas turbine engines and augmenters can also lead to inhomogenities that cannot be captured by a single line-of-sight TDLAS measurement. Instead, multiple measurements varied over several spatial locations need to be made. In the current study, shock train structure in the isolator section of the Research Cell 18 supersonic combustion facility at Wright-Patterson AFB is measured. Although only two view angles are available for measurement, multiple absorption features along with a priori computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations enable estimates of two dimensional flow features to be formed. Vector quantization/k-means data clustering is used to identify key flow features from the temporal history of the raw sinograms. Through the use of multiple absorption features that are measured nearly simultaneously, an approximate two-dimensional image can be formed. This image can be further refined through the use of an optimal set of basis functions that can be derived from a set of CFD simulations that describes the flow shapes. C1 [Lindstrom, Chad; Davis, Doug; Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindstrom, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6986-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6814 AR 68140W DI 10.1117/12.766323 PG 17 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHU32 UT WOS:000256421200021 ER PT S AU Akdim, B Hussain, S Pachter, R AF Akdim, Brahim Hussain, Saber Pachter, Ruth BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI A density functional theory study of oxygen adsorption at silver surfaces: Implications for nanotoxicity SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2008, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computational Science CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Hewlett Packard Co, Intel Corp, Qumak Sekom AM & IBM, Microsoft Corp, ATM SA, Elsevier, Springer DE density functional theory; Ag nanoparticles; oxygen adsorption ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; METAL-SURFACES; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; AG(111); DISSOCIATION; MODEL AB The formation of superoxide at Ag(100) and Ag(Ill) surfaces for cluster and periodic slab models is studied by applying first-principles density functional theory calculations, including ab-initio molecular dynamics. Adsorption energies and structural parameters are discussed in detail. Charge transfer analyses indicate that O2- preferentially forms on clusters, particularly at an Ag(100) surface. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Hussain, Saber; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69386-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5102 BP 353 EP 359 PG 7 WC Business; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Mathematics, Applied; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHV99 UT WOS:000256933800039 ER PT S AU Lawton, JH AF Lawton, James H. BE Klusch, M Pechoucek, M Polleres, A TI Agent-supported planning in distributed command and control environments SO COOPERATIVE INFORMATION AGENTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ Prague, IEEE Comp Soc Standards Org Comm Intelligent & Phys Agents, Air Force Res Lab, Whitestein Technol, Rockwell Automat, Natl Univ Ireland, Digital Enterprise Res Inst, Certicon AB To be able to meet the future challenge of employing forces anywhere in the world in support of national security objectives, modern military forces require highly synchronized, distributed planning and replanning capabilities that are sufficientily flexible to adapt to any level of conflict. This talk will present a research program underway at the USAF Research Laboratory's Information Directorate known as (Distributed Episodic Exploratory Planning). DEEP is an agent-based distributed planning system that has been designed to support future military command and control (C2) operations. The talk will discuss the motivation for moving from a centralized planning model to a distributed mixed-initiative approach. along with the DEEP architecture and the key research challenges for achieving this vision. The distributed agent-supported planning capabilities, which utilize past experience to solve current, problems, will be emphasized(1). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lawton, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RI Pechoucek, Michal/G-9980-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85833-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5180 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BIH04 UT WOS:000259441000005 ER PT J AU Rice, DH Kotti, G Beninati, W AF Rice, David H. Kotti, George Beninati, William TI Clinical review: Critical care transport and austere critical care SO CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID INTENSIVE-CARE; ILL PATIENTS; DISASTER; UNIT; EVACUATION; GUIDELINES; EARTHQUAKE; MEDICINE; LESSONS; MODEL AB The development of modern intensive care units (ICUs) has allowed the survival of patients with advanced illness and injury, although at a cost of substantial infrastructure. Natural disasters and military operations are two common situations that can create critically ill patients in an environment that is austere or has been rendered austere. This has driven the development of two related strategies to care for these casualties. Portable ICU capability can be rapidly established in the area of need, providing relatively advanced capability but limited capacity and sustainability. The other strategy is to rapidly evacuate critically ill and injured patients following their initial stabilization. This permits medical personnel in the austere location to focus resources on a larger number of less critical patients. It also permits the most vulnerable patients to receive care in an advanced center. This strategy requires careful planning to overcome the constraints of the transport environment. The optimal strategy has not been determined, but a combination of these two approaches has been used in recent disasters and military operations and is promising. The critical care delivered in an austere setting must be integrated with a long-term plan to provide follow-on care. C1 [Rice, David H.; Kotti, George; Beninati, William] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beninati, W (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.beninati@lackland.af.mil NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1466-609X J9 CRIT CARE JI Crit. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 AR 207 DI 10.1186/cc6782 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 326BM UT WOS:000257632900061 PM 18373882 ER PT J AU Smith, J Tuttle, MH AF Smith, Jeffrey S. Tuttle, M. H. TI DOES DEFENSE SPENDING REALLY PROMOTE AGGREGATE OUTPUT IN THE UNITED STATES? SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Aggregate output; Defense spending; Cointegration; Vector error correction model; Military conflicts ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; TIME-SERIES; COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS; CAUSAL-ANALYSIS; EXPENDITURE; ROOT AB Many studies have examined the relationship between defense spending and growth in real aggregate output with mixed results. Most recently, Atesoglu (2002) finds a positive relationship between defense spending and output. Capturing the error correction term as the long run adjustment parameter and including the long run adjustment in the relationship, we do not find evidence that defense spending promotes growth in real output. Instead, defense spending responds to aggregate income shocks. We re-estimated the relationship and dummied all US military conflicts with similar results concerning military spending's effect on output. Interestingly, we find trade-offs between defense and non-defense government spending during war time. C1 [Smith, Jeffrey S.] USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Tuttle, M. H.] Sam Houston State Univ, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. RP Smith, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeffrey.smith@usafa.edu; mht001@shsu.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 435 EP 447 AR PII 905673316 DI 10.1080/10242690701701950 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 375CR UT WOS:000261091300004 ER PT B AU Sislak, D Pechoucek, M Volf, P Pavlicek, D Samek, J Marik, V Losiewicz, P AF Sislak, David Pechoucek, Michal Volf, Premysl Pavlicek, Dusan Samek, Jiri Marik, Vladimir Losiewicz, Paul BE Pechoucek, M Thompson, SG Voos, H TI AGENTFLY: Towards Multi-Agent Technology in Free Flight Air Traffic Control SO DEFENSE INDUSTRY APPLICATION OF AUTONOMOUS AGENTS AND MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS SE Whitestein Series in Software Agent Technologies and Autonomic Computing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Ever rising deployment of Unmanned Aerial Assets (UAAs) in complex military and rescue operations require novel and innovative methods for intelligent planning and collision avoidance among a high number of heterogeneous, semi-trusted flying assets in well specified and constrained areas [1]. We have studied the free flight concept as an alternative to the classical, centralized traffic control. In free flight the unmanned aerial assets are provided with flight trajectory that has been elaborated without consideration of other flying objects that may occupy the same air space. The collision threads are detected by each of the aircraft individually and the collisions are avoided by an asset-to-asset negotiation. Multi-agent technology is very well suited as a technological platform for supporting the free-flight concept among the heterogeneous UAAs. In this chapter we present AGENTFLY, multi-agent system for free-flight simulation and flexible collision avoidance. C1 [Losiewicz, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London, England. EM sislak@fel.cvut.cz; paul.losiewicz@london.af.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-7643-8570-5 J9 WHITESTEIN SER SOFTW PY 2008 BP 73 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-3-7643-8571-2_5 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJW46 UT WOS:000267310700006 ER PT S AU Bryant, ML AF Bryant, Michael L. BE Suresh, R TI Multisensor staring exploitation - art. no. 69810J SO DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION AND NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS 2008 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Data Table; NightStare; Gotcha Radar AB The focus of this paper is on the exploitation of new staring sensors to address the urban surveillance challenge and help combat the war on terror. A staring sensor visualization environment, known as the Data Table, will be presented which integrates staring sensors with close-in sensors, such as small UAVs, building mounted sensors, and unattended ground sensors (UGS). There are several staring sensors in development, but two in particular will be highlighted in this paper-NightStare and the Gotcha Radar, both under development by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bryant, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7172-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6981 BP J9810 EP J9810 DI 10.1117/12.784727 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ30 UT WOS:000257640300016 ER PT S AU Rose, LJ AF Rose, Leo J. BE Suresh, R TI Air Force Research Laboratory's focused long term challenges SO DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION AND NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE research and development; long-term technology planning; science and technology; AFRL vision AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) mission is to provide support to the Air Force (AF) and the warfighters with an understanding of the science and technology that will form the foundation of future capabilities. AFRL has developed a strategic research and development process that translates the Department of Defense future capability needs into mid-term attributes, described in terms of technology achievements. Specific capabilities, like the delivery of a close-in sensing platform, require technologies from many different disciplines and require aligning priorities for nurturing and developing core competencies. AFRL's strategic vision is built upon the AF Science & Technology (S&T) Vision of Anticipate, Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, and Access - Anything, Anywhere, Anytime. In order to realize this vision, AFRL has developed Focused Long Term Challenges (FLTCs) that describe the AF problem space and constitute the AFRL long term S&T planning. C1 USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7172-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6981 AR 698103 DI 10.1117/12.784723 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ30 UT WOS:000257640300001 ER PT J AU Mall, S AF Mall, S. BE Sridharan, S TI Influence of resin on delamination SO DELAMINATION BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPOSITES; GROWTH; TOUGHNESS; FRACTURE; EPOXY C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 244 5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2008 BP 721 EP 740 DI 10.1533/9781845694821.5.721 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BOF56 UT WOS:000276471300026 ER PT S AU Tschopp, MA Spearot, DE McDowell, DL AF Tschopp, Mark A. Spearot, Douglas E. McDowell, David L. BE Hirth, JP TI Influence of Grain Boundary Structure on Dislocation Nucleation in FCC Metals SO DISLOCATIONS IN SOLIDS: A TRIBUTE TO F. R. N. NABARRO, VOL 14 SE Dislocations in Solids LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; SYMMETRICAL TILT BOUNDARIES; NONLINEAR CONTINUUM THEORY; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION C1 [Tschopp, Mark A.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tschopp, Mark A.] USAF, Res Lab UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Spearot, Douglas E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 NR 179 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-4859 BN 978-0-08-056498-2 J9 DISCLOC SOLIDS PY 2008 VL 14 BP 43 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S1572-4859(07)00002-2 PG 97 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCP52 UT WOS:000310966700003 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, Peter L. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI An alternative to radiance limits for vision enhancement device cockpit integration - art. no. 69560A SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diplay Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics II CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision; night-vision goggle; NVG; short wave infrared; SWIR; night vision imaging system; NVIS AB With the introduction of the night-vision goggle (NVG) into vehicle cockpits, the transfer of visual information to the observer became more complex. The problem emanated from the image intensifier tube photocathode spectral response. NVGs were capable of sensing and amplifying visible cockpit light, making observation of the scene outside of the cockpit, the primary use for NVGs, difficult. Over the years, several documents were published outlining night vision imaging system (NVIS) compatible lighting performance. These documents limited the permissible amount of light visible to image intensifier tubes that cockpit displays could emit, enhancing pilot visual performance. Recent advances in short wave infrared (SWIR) sensor technology make it a possible alternative to image intensifiers for night imaging application. However, while popular SWIR cameras are not particularly sensitive to visible light, they may be sensitive to other display emissions not attenuated by state-of-the-art NVIS filters. This paper examines the possibility of expanding the traditional treatment of vehicle cockpit compatibility to include new, novel vision enhancement devices yet to be designed and vehicle cockpit geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7147-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6956 BP A9560 EP A9560 DI 10.1117/12.776763 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY73 UT WOS:000257485400010 ER PT S AU Havig, P McIntire, J Dixon, S Moore, J Reis, G AF Havig, Paul McIntire, John Dixon, Sharon Moore, Jason Reis, George BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Comparison of 3D displays using objective metrics SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diplay Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics II CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE display design; depth perception; binocular; stereoscopic; three dimensional AB Previously, we (Havig, Aleva, Reis, Moore, and McIntire, 2007) presented a taxonomy for the development of three-dimensional (3D) displays. We proposed three levels of metrics: objective (in which physical measurements are made of the display), subjective (Likert-type rating scales to show preferences of the display), and subjective-objective (performance metrics in which one shows how the 3D display may be more or less useful than a 2D display or a different 3D display). We concluded that for each level of metric, drawing practical comparisons among currently disparate 3D displays is difficult. In this paper we attempt to define more clearly the objective metrics for 3D displays. We set out to collect and measure physical attributes of several 3D displays and compare the results. We discuss our findings in terms of both difficulties in making the measurements in the first place, due to the physical set-up of the display, to issues in comparing the results we found and comparing how similar (or dissimilar) two 3D displays may or may not be. We conclude by discussing the next steps in creating objective metrics for three-dimensional displays as well as a proposed way ahead for the other two levels of metrics based on our findings. C1 [Havig, Paul; Dixon, Sharon; Reis, George] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI McIntire, John/0000-0002-9388-6028 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7147-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6956 AR 69560D DI 10.1117/12.773375 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY73 UT WOS:000257485400013 ER PT S AU Reis, GA Havig, PR Heft, EL McIntire, JP AF Reis, George A. Havig, Paul R. Heft, Eric L. McIntire, John P. BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Investigations into optimal color and shape primitives using the Perspecta 3D volumetric display SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diplay Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics II CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hue; shape; saturation; size; perception; Perspecta; 3D; volumetric display AB Volumetric displays allow users to view freely three-dimensional (3D) imagery without special eyewear. However, due to low display resolution, many colors appear distorted compared to their representation on a flat-panel display. In addition, due to the unique nature of the display, some shapes, objects, and orientations can also appear distorted. This study examines the perceptual range of virtual objects in a Perspecta 3D volumetric display to determine which combination of object type, size, position, and color produces the best perceived 3D image. Across three experiments, we test different object types, hues, saturation levels of hues, and position within the volumetric display. Participants rated their hue and shape naming confidence as well as their ratings on solidity. Various significant main and interaction effects were exhibited among three separate experiments. C1 [Reis, George A.; Havig, Paul R.; Heft, Eric L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reis, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7147-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6956 AR 69560C DI 10.1117/12.776764 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY73 UT WOS:000257485400012 ER PT S AU D'yachkov, A Macula, A Rykov, V Ufimtsev, V AF D'yachkov, Arkadii Macula, Anthony Rykov, Vyacheslav Ufimtsev, Vladimir BE Garzon, MH Yan, H TI DNA codes based on stem similarities between DNA sequences SO DNA COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting on DNA Computing CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Memphis, TN SP Int Soc Nanoscale Sci, Univ Arkansas, Coll Eng, Univ Memphis, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Lab AB DNA codes consisting of DNA sequences are necessary for DNA computing. The minimum distance parameter of such codes is a measure of how dissimilar the codewords are, and thus is indirectly a measure of the likelihood of undetectedable or uncorrectable errors occurring during hybridization. To compute distance, an abstract metric, for example, longest common subsequence, must be used to model the actual bonding energies of DNA strands. In this paper we continue the development [1,2,31 of similarity functions for q-ary n-sequences The theoretical lower bound on the maximal possible size of codes, built on the space endowed with this metric, is obtained. that can be used (for q = 4) to model a thermodynamic similarity on DNA sequences. We introduce the concept of a stem similarity function and discuss DNA codes [2] based on the stem similarity. We suggest an optimal construction [2] and obtain random coding bounds on the maximum size and rate for such codes. C1 [D'yachkov, Arkadii] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Macula, Anthony] US Air Force, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Rykov, Vyacheslav; Ufimtsev, Vladimir] Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP D'yachkov, A (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM agd-msu@yandex.ru; macula@geneseo.edu; vrykov@mail.unomaha.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77961-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4848 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHK17 UT WOS:000253797300015 ER PT S AU Qiu, QR Mukre, P Bishop, M Burns, D Wu, Q AF Qiu, Qinru Mukre, Prakash Bishop, Morgan Burns, Daniel Wu, Qing BE Garzon, MH Yan, H TI Hardware acceleration for thermodynamic constrained DNA code generation SO DNA COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting on DNA Computing CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Memphis, TN SP Int Soc Nanoscale Sci, Univ Arkansas, Coll Eng, Univ Memphis, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Lab ID COMPUTATION; DESIGN AB Reliable DNA computing requires a large pool of oligonucleotides that do not cross-hybridize. In this paper, we present a transformed algorithm to calculate the maximum weight of the 2-stem common subsequence of two DNA oligonucleotides. The result is the key part of the Gibbs free energy of the DNA cross-hybridized duplexes based on the nearest-neighbor model. The transformed algorithm preserves the physical data locality and hence is suitable for implementation using a systolic array. A novel hybrid architecture that consists of a general purpose microprocessor and a hardware accelerator for accelerating the discovery of DNA under thermodynamic constraints is designed, implemented and tested. Experimental results show that the hardware system provides more than 250X speed-up compared to a software only implementation. C1 [Qiu, Qinru; Mukre, Prakash; Wu, Qing] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Bishop, Morgan; Burns, Daniel] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Qiu, QR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM qqiu@binghamton.edu; pmukrel@binghamton.edu; Morgan.Bishop@rl.af.mil; Daniel.Burns@rl.af.mil; qwu@binghamton.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77961-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4848 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHK17 UT WOS:000253797300021 ER PT B AU Gilbert, KW Mall, S Leedy, KD Crawford, B AF Gilbert, Kevin W. Mall, Shankar Leedy, Kevin D. Crawford, Bryan GP IEEE TI A Nanoindenter Based Method for Studying MEMS Contact Switch Microcontacts SO ELECTRICAL CONTACTS 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FOURTH IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY OCT 27-29, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE Components, Package, & Mfg Technol Soc,, IEEE, CPMT ID BREAKDOWN AB Physical and electrical processes involved in the lifecycle failure of metal contacts in MEMS RF cantilever beam contact switches are of a great interest to switch designers. The main failure of MEMS contact switches occurs at the metal contacts. This paper describes a specially designed nanoindenter based experimental setup for characterizing the physics and mechanics of MEMS scale electrical contacts when they are being cycled. The setup uses silicon cantilevers with contact bumps which are cycled mechanically to simulate the action of a MEMS contact switch. The cantilevers were sputter deposited with 300 nm of gold. Gold was investigated as the initial material of interest, as many current MEMS contact switches employ gold as a contact metal. The setup allows the physical evolution of the contact to be visually tracked and provides data on resistance, material property (e.g. strain hardening), and other changes in the contact behavior. Test data collected during a typical test includes contact adhesion force, contact stiffness change, resistance vs. cycles, and resistance vs. contact force relationships as a function of applied contact cycles. This paper provides details of this unique set-up and typical test results. C1 [Gilbert, Kevin W.; Mall, Shankar] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Crawford, Bryan] Agilent Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gilbert, KW (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Lei Chen of Northeastern University; AFIT; Kermit Parks; MTS FX The authors wish to thank Larry Callahan, Tom Dalrymple, Ginny Miller of Air Force Research Laboratory, Lei Chen of Northeastern University, Jason Vangel, Dan Ryan, Lavern Starman and Volodymyr Sabelkin of AFIT, Kermit Parks, Lee Spencer and Jenny Hay of MTS Nanoinstruments for their assistance in the ork reported here. Finally, the authors are grateful for the support of the sponsors of this study. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1901-2 PY 2008 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1109/HOLM.2008.ECP.35 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIT96 UT WOS:000262710600022 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John C. BE Tamburrino, A Melikhov, Y Chen, Z Udpa, L TI Fundamental Feature Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Eddy Current Data SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XI) SE STUDIES IN APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Cardiff Univ, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff, WALES SP Cedrat SA, Serco Assurance, Rolls-Royce plc, Welsh Assembly Govt, Comp Simulat Technol, Japan Soc Appl Electromagnet & Mech, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council HO Cardiff Univ, Wolfson Ctr Magnet DE eddy current; feature extraction; material loss; cracks ID CORROSION DETECTION; CURRENT INSPECTION; INVARIANCE; CRACKS AB Features are investigated in eddy current data that are sensitive to corrosion and fatigue cracks in airframe structures while invariant to other NDE noise factors. To investigate subsurface corrosion characterization at the faying surface, a series of eddy current studies were performed using an analytical model for varying total subsurface thickness loss and percentage of the thickness loss occurring in each layer. Results for the simulated studies are presented demonstrating a novel feature for corrosion characterization using first and second order derivatives of the impedance response with respect to frequency. For characterization of subsurface cracks around fastener holes in structures, numerical simulations and experimental studies are presented. Unique features in the measurement response in circumferential direction were found to be sensitive to Subsurface cracks around fastener holes and invariant to irregular geometric factors such as fastener fit and probe tilt. Multifrequency eddy current data combined with circumferential (spatial) measurement features were found to be promising for characterizing subsurface cracks in terms of length and depth. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy S.] USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeremy.Knopp@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-58603-896-0 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2008 VL 31 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.3233/978-1-58603-896-0-133 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BMP34 UT WOS:000273269300018 ER PT J AU Jaramillo-Henao, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, SW AF Jaramillo-Henao, Carlos A. Kempel, Leo C. Schneider, Stephen W. TI Simulation of microstrip leaky-wave antennas on inhomogeneous substrates using transverse resonance and finite element methods SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Finite Elements for Microwave Engineering CY MAY 25-26, 2006 CL Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA DE leaky wave; inhomogeneous substrate; finite element-boundary integral AB Microstrip leaky-wave antennas offer the potential for wide-bandwidth, thin-profile apertures, albeit with the potential disadvantage of beam steering with respect to operating frequency. These antennas have been extensively studied in the past; however, previously published results have utilized homogeneous substrates. In this article, a substrate with transverse step inhomogeneous layers is investigated with two methods: the transverse resonance method (TRM) and the finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method. In this article, the former is generalized for N-layers and used to determine the leaky-wave mode propagating characteristics. Antennas designed using this approach are then simulated using the finite element method to determine the radiation pattern. C1 [Jaramillo-Henao, Carlos A.; Kempel, Leo C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kempel, Leo C.; Schneider, Stephen W.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kempel, LC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kempel@egr.msu.edu RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010; OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1080/02726340701817974 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 267LF UT WOS:000253509800004 ER PT B AU Redfield, RC AF Redfield, Robin C. BE Estivalet, M Brisson, P TI Brake induced vibration in mountain bikes SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT 7, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISEA 2008 Conference on Engineering of Sport 7 CY JUN 02-06, 2008 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP ISEA DE mountain biking; braking; vibration AB Mountain biking design continues to evolve towards more sophisticated systems including frame structures, suspension strategies, and braking components. Frames become lighter with directionally designed stiffness. Suspensions are designed and tuned to respond to diverse riding scenarios including large and small bump compliance, high and low speed compression and rebound damping, and pedal feedback/suspension bob. Braking components are getting more powerful, with better modulation, while maintaining stiffness and weight character. As structures become lighter and brakes become stronger, interactions between the stick-slip friction of brake pads and rotors and the stiffness of rear frame structures sometimes induce limit-cycle vibration that can be transmitted throughout much of the bicycle frame. This annoying vibration can be felt and heard and is more often seen in relatively compliant frame structures with powerful, state-of-the-art disk brakes. This paper examines the dynamic causes of these vibrations and relates them to design and operational parameters. Kinetic versus static friction, structural stiffness and damping, brake power and modulation rate, and bike speed and brake geometry are all key contributors to the phenomenon. Specific relationships between these parameters that preclude the onset or continuance of this vibration are determined. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Redfield, RC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PARIS PI PARIS PA 1 RUE P CEZANNE, 75008 PARIS, FRANCE BN 978-2-287-09410-1 PY 2008 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1007/978-2-287-09411-8_69 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA BIG86 UT WOS:000259395300069 ER PT J AU Bellenkes, A Tidball, B AF Bellenkes, Andrew Tidball, Brian TI Aircraft system safety: Military and civil aeronautical applications SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bellenkes, Andrew; Tidball, Brian] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bellenkes, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2008 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1122 EP 1124 DI 10.1080/00140130701680619 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 317BQ UT WOS:000256994600015 ER PT S AU Lacey, TH Mills, RF Raines, RA Oxley, ME Bauer, KW Rogers, SK AF Lacey, Timothy H. Mills, Robert F. Raines, Richard A. Oxley, Mark E. Bauer, Kenneth W. Rogers, Steven K. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI A qualia representation of cyberspace SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications II CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE cyberspace; qualia; situational awareness; representation; prediction ID CONCEPTUAL SPACES AB E.C Adam defined Situational Awareness (SA) as "the mental representation and understanding of objects, events, people, system states, interactions, environmental conditions, and other situation-specific factors affecting human performance in complex and dynamic tasks. Stated in lay terms, SA is simply knowing what is going on so you can figure out what to do." We propose a novel idea to assist the human in gaining SA. Our hypothesis is that nature uses qualia as a compression scheme to represent the many concepts encountered in everyday life. Qualia enable humans to quickly come up with SA based on many complex measurements from their sensors, (eyes, ears, taste, touch, memory, etc.), expectations, and experiences. Our ultimate objective is to develop a computer that uses qualia concepts to transform sensor data to assist the human in gaining and maintaining improved SA. However, before any computer can use qualia, we must first define a representation for qualia that can be implemented computationally. This paper will present our representation for qualia. The representation is not simply a hierarchical aggregation of input data. Instead, it is a prediction of what will happen next, derived from computations resulting from sensory inputs and the computational engine of a qualia generator and qualia processor. C1 [Lacey, Timothy H.; Mills, Robert F.; Raines, Richard A.; Oxley, Mark E.; Bauer, Kenneth W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lacey, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Lacey@afit.edu; Robert.Mills@afit.edu; Richard.Raines@afit.edu; Mark.Oxley@afit.edu; Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu; Steven.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7155-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6964 AR 69640C DI 10.1117/12.783179 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHZ64 UT WOS:000257705100011 ER PT S AU O'Donnel, TH Southall, HL Kaanta, LB AF O'Donnel, Terry H. Southall, Hugh L. Kaanta, Lt Bryan BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Efficient global optimization of a limited parameter antenna design SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications II CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Efficient Global Optimization; EGO; evolutionary optimization; antenna optimization; DACE AB Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) is a competent evolutionary algorithm suited for problems with limited design parameters and expensive cost functions [1]. Many electromagnetics problems, including some antenna designs, fall into this class, as complex electromagnetics simulations can take Substantial computational effort. This makes simple evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms or particle swarms very time-consuming for design optimization, as many iterations of large populations are usually required. When physical experiments are necessary to perform tradeoffs or determine effects which may not be simulated, use of these algorithms is simply not practical at all due to the large numbers of measurements required. In this paper we first present a brief introduction to the EGO algorithm. We then present the parasitic superdirective two-element array design problem and results obtained by applying EGO to obtain the optimal element separation and operating frequency to maximize the array directivity. We compare these results to both the optimal solution and results obtained by performing a similar optimization using the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method. Our results indicate that, unlike the Nelder-Mead algorithm, the EGO algorithm did not become stuck in local minima but rather found the area of the correct global minimum. However, Our implementation did not always drill down into the precise minimum and the addition of a local search technique seems to be indicated. C1 [O'Donnel, Terry H.; Southall, Hugh L.; Kaanta, Lt Bryan] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. RP O'Donnel, TH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. EM teresa.odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7155-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6964 AR 69640J DI 10.1117/12.782997 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHZ64 UT WOS:000257705100016 ER PT S AU Secrest, BR Vasquez, JR AF Secrest, Barry R. Vasquez, Juan R. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI A genetic algorithm approach to optimal spatial sampling of hyperspectral data for target tracking SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications II CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE target tracking; Kalman filter; video tracking; hyperspectral imaging; data fusion; genetic algorithm AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data has proven useful for discriminating targets, however the relatively slow speed at which HSI data is gathered for an entire frame reduces the usefulness of fusing this information with grayscale video. A new sensor under development has the ability to provide HSI data for a limited number of pixels while providing grayscale video for the remainder of the pixels. The HSI data is co-registered with the grayscale video and is available for each frame. This paper explores the exploitation of this new sensor for target tracking. The primary challenge of exploiting this new sensor is to determine where the gathering of HSI data will be the most useful. We wish to optimize the selection of pixels for which we will gather HSI data. We refer to this as spatial sampling. It is proposed that spatial sampling be solved using a utility function where pixels receive a value based on their nearness to a target of interest (TOI). The TOIs are determined from the tracking algorithm providing a close coupling of the tracking and the sensor control. The relative importance or weighting of the different types of TOI will be accomplished by a genetic algorithm. Tracking performance of the spatially sampled tracker is compared to both tracking with no HSI data and although physically unrealizable, tracking with complete HSI data to demonstrate its effectiveness within the upper and lower bounds. C1 [Secrest, Barry R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Secrest, BR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7155-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6964 AR 69640I DI 10.1117/12.783188 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHZ64 UT WOS:000257705100015 ER PT S AU Waskiewicz, T LaMonica, P AF Waskiewicz, Todd LaMonica, Peter BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Developing an intelligence analysis process through social network analysis SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications II CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE social network analysis; center of gravity; intelligence analysis; knowledge discovery AB Intelligence analysts are tasked with making sense of enormous amounts of data and gaining an awareness of a situation that can be acted upon. This process can be extremely difficult and time consuming. Trying to differentiate between important pieces of information and extraneous data only complicates the problem. When dealing with data containing entities and relationships, social network analysis (SNA) techniques can be employed to make this job easier. Applying network measures to social network graphs can identify the most significant nodes (entities) and edges (relationships) and help the analyst further focus on key areas of concern. Strange developed a model that identifies high value targets such as centers of gravity and critical vulnerabilities(1). SNA lends itself to the discovery of these high value targets and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has investigated several network measures such as centrality, betweenness, and grouping to identify centers of gravity and critical vulnerabilities. Using these network measures, a process for the intelligence analyst has been developed to aid analysts in identifying points of tactical emphasis. Organizational Risk Analyzer =(ORA) and Terrorist Modus Operandi Discovery System (TMODS) are the two applications used to compute the network measures and identify the points to be acted upon. Therefore, the result of leveraging social network analysis techniques and applications will provide the analyst and the intelligence community with more focused and concentrated analysis results allowing them to more easily exploit key attributes of a network, thus saving time, money, and manpower. C1 [Waskiewicz, Todd; LaMonica, Peter] USAF, Res Lab, Informat & Intelligence Exploitat Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Waskiewicz, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat & Intelligence Exploitat Div, Washington, DC USA. EM Todd.Waskiewicz@rl.af.mil; Peter.LaMonica@rl.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7155-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6964 AR 69640B DI 10.1117/12.776990 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHZ64 UT WOS:000257705100010 ER PT S AU Bronder, TJ Shay, TM Dajani, I Gavrielides, A Robin, CA Lu, CA AF Bronder, T. J. Shay, T. M. Dajani, I. Gavrielides, A. Robin, C. A. Lu, C. A. BE Broeng, J Headley, C TI SBS mitigation with 'two-tone' amplification: a theoretical model SO FIBER LASERS V: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers V CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IPG Photon DE fiber amplifier; SBS mitigation; four-wave mixing AB A new technique for mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in narrow-linewidth Yb-doped fiber amplifiers is demonstrated with a model that reduces to solving an W system of coupled nonlinear equations with the gain, SBS, and four-wave mixing (FMW) incorporated into the model. This technique uses two seed signals, or 'two-tones', with each tone reaching its SBS threshold almost independently and thus increasing the overall threshold for SBS in the fiber amplifier. The wavelength separation of these signals is also selected to avoid FWM, which in this case possesses the next lowest nonlinear effects threshold. This model predicts an output power increase of 86% (at SBS threshold with no signs of FWM) for a 'two-tone' amplifier with seed signals at 1064nm and 1068nm, compared to a conventional fiber amplifier with a single 1064nm seed. The model is also used to simulate an SBS-suppressing fiber amplifier to test the regime where FWM is the limiting factor. In this case, an optimum wavelength separation of 3nm to 10nm prevents FWM from reaching threshold. The optimum ratio of the input power for the two seed signals in 'two-tone' amplification is also tested. Future experimental verification of this 'two-tone' technique is discussed. C1 [Bronder, T. J.; Shay, T. M.; Dajani, I.; Gavrielides, A.; Robin, C. A.; Lu, C. A.] USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bronder, TJ (reprint author), USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7048-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6873 BP U352 EP U360 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BHQ78 UT WOS:000255547100051 ER PT J AU Kiel, JL Parker, JE Holwitt, EA McCreary, RP Andrews, CJ Santos, ADL Wade, M Kalns, J Walker, W AF Kiel, J. L. Parker, J. E. Holwitt, E. A. McCreary, R. P. Andrews, C. J. Santos, A. De Los Wade, M. Kalns, J. Walker, W. TI Geographical Distribution of Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers Among Bacillus anthracis Isolates and Related Species by Historical Movement and Horizontal Transfer SO FOLIA MICROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID TOXIN GENES; CEREUS; SEQUENCE; PLASMID; THURINGIENSIS; REVEALS AB The geographical distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains and isolates bearing some of the same genetic markers as the Amerithrax Ames isolate was examined and evaluated. At least one mechanism for the horizontal movement of genetic markers was shown amongst isolates and closely related species and the effect of such mixing was demonstrated on phenotype. The results provided potential mechanisms by which attempts to attribute isolates of Bacillus anthracis to certain geographical and isolate sources may be disrupted. C1 [Kiel, J. L.; Parker, J. E.; Holwitt, E. A.; Andrews, C. J.; Santos, A. De Los; Walker, W.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [McCreary, R. P.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Wade, M.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Kalns, J.] Hyper Biotechnol Inc, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM Johnathan.Kiel@brooks.af.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-5632 J9 FOLIA MICROBIOL JI Folia Microbiol. PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 472 EP 478 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 398TO UT WOS:000262754600002 PM 19381470 ER PT S AU Cody, JT AF Cody, John T. BE Bogusz, MJ TI Amphetamines SO FORENSIC SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Handbook of Analytical Separations LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ILLICIT METHAMPHETAMINE SYNTHESIS; NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS DETECTION; N-METHYLPHENETHYLAMINE BNMPA; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DESIGNER DRUGS 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE C1 USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), USAF, Drug Testing Lab, 2730 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 350 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7192 BN 978-0-08-055425-9 J9 HANDB ANALYT SEPARAT PY 2008 VL 6 BP 127 EP 174 PG 48 WC Chemistry, Applied; Pathology SC Chemistry; Pathology GA BCS70 UT WOS:000311292700005 ER PT S AU Cody, JT AF Cody, John T. BE Bogusz, MJ TI Hallucinogens SO FORENSIC SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Handbook of Analytical Separations LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HUMAN URINE SPECIMENS; NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS DETECTION; N-DEMETHYL-LSD; LC-MS ANALYSIS C1 USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), USAF, Drug Testing Lab, 2730 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7192 BN 978-0-08-055425-9 J9 HANDB ANALYT SEPARAT PY 2008 VL 6 BP 175 EP 201 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Applied; Pathology SC Chemistry; Pathology GA BCS70 UT WOS:000311292700006 ER PT S AU Musick, SH AF Musick, Stanton H. BE Hero, AO Castanon, DA Cochran, D Kastella, K TI DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SO FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SENSOR MANAGEMENT SE Signals and Communication Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Musick, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-4862 BN 978-0-387-27892-6 J9 SIGNALS COMMUN TECHN PY 2008 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-49819-5_11 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-49819-5 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA BJM52 UT WOS:000266815100010 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Hammel, SM Eaton, FD Lachinova, SL AF Ricklin, Jennifer C. Hammel, Stephen M. Eaton, Frank D. Lachinova, Svetlana L. BE Majumdar, AK Ricklin, JC TI Atmospheric channel effects on free-space laser communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS: PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCES SE Optical and Fiber Communications Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIT-ERROR-RATE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; GAUSSIAN BEAMS; WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; TURBULENCE; SYSTEMS; MODEL; PROPAGATION AB Free-space laser communication offers an attractive alternative for transferring high-bandwidth data when fiber optic cable is neither practical nor feasible. However, there are a variety of deleterious features of the atmospheric channel that may lead to serious signal fading, and even the complete loss of signal altogether. Physical obstructions-such as birds, insects, tree limbs, or other factors-can temporarily or permanently block the laser line-of-sight. Platform/building motion due to wind, differential heating and cooling, or ground motion over time can result in serious misalignment of fixed-position laser communication systems. But most importantly of all, absorption and scattering due to particulate matter in the atmosphere may significantly decrease the transmitted optical signal, while random atmospheric distortions due to optical turbulence can severely degrade the wave-front quality of a signal-carrying laser beam, causing intensity fading and random signal losses at the receiver. C1 [Ricklin, Jennifer C.] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hammel, Stephen M.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr 2558, Atmospher Propagat Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Lachinova, Svetlana L.] Univ Maryland, Intelligent Opt Lab, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eaton, Frank D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DESA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off, 3701 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Jennifer.Ricklin@darpa.mil; stephen.doss-hammel@navy.mil; frank.eaton@kirtland.af.mil; sllachin@mail.umd.edu; Jennifer.Ricklin@darpa.mil NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1619-1447 BN 978-0-387-28652-5 J9 OPT FIBER COMMUN REP PY 2008 BP 9 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s10297-005-0056-y D2 10.1007/978-0-387-28677-8 PG 48 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BKF23 UT WOS:000267946900002 ER PT B AU Schweiter, J Wincup, K AF Schweiter, Jim Wincup, Kim BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI GLOBAL DETERMINANTS OF DEFENSE RESTRUCTURING: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wincup, Kim] USAF, Acquisit Program, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 177 EP 199 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 23 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400008 ER PT S AU Like, E Chakravarthy, V Husnay, R Wu, ZQ AF Like, Eric Chakravarthy, Vasu Husnay, Robert Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Modulation Recognition In Multipath Fading Channels Using Cyclic Spectral Analysis SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID DIGITAL MODULATION AB In this paper, we propose a novel signal classification method using cyclic spectral analysis and neural networks for multipath fading channels. The proposed system provides excellent classification performance in realistic multipath fading channels at low SNR, while assuming no a priori knowledge of the signal statistics, including carrier frequency, phase offset, or symbol rate. Due to its insensitivity to these statistics and its robustness to multipath fading channels, the Spectral Coherence Function (SOF) is employed in the proposed system to produce a highly reliable classifier. Additionally, by employing a multiple-antenna based system, even greater advantages are achieved by exploiting spatial diversity. Numerical results demonstrate the classifier performance under a variety of channel conditions. C1 [Like, Eric] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu; Husnay, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept EE, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Like, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory via DAGSI program. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.584 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978003028 ER PT S AU Suski, WC Temple, MA Mendenhall, MJ Mills, RF AF Suski, William C., II Temple, Michael A. Mendenhall, Michael J. Mills, Robert F. GP IEEE TI Using Spectral Fingerprints to Improve Wireless Network Security SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID TURN-ON TRANSIENTS AB The proliferation of affordable RF communication devices has given every individual the capability to communicate voice and/or data worldwide. This has increased wireless user exposure and driven the need for improved security measures. While earlier works have primarily focused on detecting and mitigating spoofing at the MAC layer, there has been a shift toward providing protection at the PHY layer by exploiting RF characteristics that are difficult to mimic. This research investigates the use of RF "fingerprints" for classifying emissions by exploiting transient signal features to provide hardware-specific identification. Reliable transient detection is the most important step in the process and is addressed here using variance trajectory of instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase responses. Following transient detection performance characterization, power spectral density fingerprints are extracted and spectral correlation used for classification. For proof-of-concept demonstration, the overall detection and classification process is evaluated using experimentally collected 802.11a OFDM signals. Results show that amplitude-based transient detection is most effective. Classification performance is demonstrated using three devices with overall classification accuracy approaching 80% for 802.11a signals at SNRs greater than 6 dB. C1 [Suski, William C., II; Temple, Michael A.; Mendenhall, Michael J.; Mills, Robert F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Suski, WC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.421 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978002053 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, H Williams, M Wilkes, JS Rogers, RD AF Rodriguez, Hector Williams, Margaret Wilkes, John S. Rogers, Robin D. TI Ionic liquids for liquid-in-glass thermometers SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ON-STEEL SYSTEM; LUBRICANTS; CONTACTS; SOLVENTS; DESIGN AB The varied portfolio of applications of ionic liquids ( ILs) is broadened in this work by presenting the possibility of their use as thermometric fluids in liquid-in-glass thermometers. Two ILs, namely tris( 2- hydroxyethyl) methylammonium methylsulfate ([ TEMA][ MeSO4]) and trihexyl( tetradecyl) phosphonium bis{( trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl} amide ([ P-66614][ NTf2]), have been selected for the construction of thermometers with ranges of operation tuned to general and speciality applications. The regular expansion of the IL volume with changes in temperature has been tested, and successful prototypes have been built, consisting of liquid- in-glass devices with an approximately spherical reservoir and a capillary tube attached. These devices have the advantage of operating with a fluid of ionic nature and a practically negligible vapor pressure. In addition, the inherent tunability of IL properties is a powerful tool in the possible design of speciality thermometers. C1 [Rodriguez, Hector; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rodriguez, Hector; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Alabama Inst Mfg Excellence, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rodriguez, Hector; Rogers, Robin D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, QUILL, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rodriguez, Hector] Univ Santiago, Dept Chem Engn, E-15883 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Williams, Margaret; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, USAF, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rogers, RD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Rodriguez, Hector/F-1509-2011 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Rodriguez, Hector/0000-0002-6447-3590 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1039/b800366a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 295AM UT WOS:000255447400004 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Christ, JA Goltz, MN AF Huang, Junqi Christ, John A. Goltz, Mark N. TI An Assembly Model for Simulation of Large-Scale Ground Water Flow and Transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LOCAL GRID REFINEMENT; SHARED NODES; RESOLUTION AB When managing large-scale ground water contamination problems, it is often necessary to model flow and transport using finely discretized domains-for instance (1) to simulate flow and transport near a contamination source area or in the area where a remediation technology is being implemented; (2) to account for small-scale heterogeneities; (3) to represent ground water-surface water interactions; or (4) some combination of these scenarios. A model with a large domain and fine-grid resolution will need extensive computing resources. In this work, a domain decomposition-based assembly model implemented in a parallel computing environment is developed, which will allow efficient simulation of large-scale ground water flow and transport problems using domain-wide grid refinement. The method employs common ground water flow (MODFLOW) and transport (RT3D) simulators, enabling the solution of almost all commonly encountered ground water flow and transport problems. The basic approach partitions a large model domain into any number of subdomains. Parallel processors are used to solve the model equations within each subdomain. Schwarz iteration is applied to match the flow solution at the subdomain boundaries. For the transport model, an extended numerical array is implemented to permit the exchange of dispersive and advective flux information across subdomain boundaries. The model is verified using a conventional single-domain model. Model simulations demonstrate that the proposed model operated in a parallel computing environment can result in considerable savings in computer run times (between 50% and 80%) compared with conventional modeling approaches and may be used to simulate grid discretizations that were formerly intractable. C1 [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM junqi.huang@nwfwmd.state.fl.us; john.christ@usafa.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Defense Environmental Restoration Program; AFIT; Stanford FX This work was partially supported with funding from the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. This work was written while Goltz was on sabbatical leave from the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) at Stanford University, and the support of AFIT and Stanford is appreciated. The authors wish to thank Steffen Mehl and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U. S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00484.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 364LB UT WOS:000260336100016 PM 18715260 ER PT B AU Dudas, D Snider, D AF Dudas, Dave Snider, Don BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Recanting the Ghosts of Vietnam The Evolution of Modern US Land Warfare Doctrine SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dudas, Dave; Snider, Don] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Dudas, Dave] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Dudas, D (reprint author), MacDill AFB, J5 US Cent Command, Tampa, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 342 EP 360 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800026 ER PT J AU Dutta, M Sun, K Li, Y Narayanamurthy, V Reinhardt, K Stroscio, MA AF Dutta, Mitra Sun, Ke Li, Yang Narayanamurthy, Vaishnavi Reinhardt, Kitt Stroscio, Michael A. BE Henini, M TI Colloidal Quantum Dots (QDs) in Optoelectronic Devices - Solar Cells, Photodetectors, Light-emitting Diodes SO HANDBOOK OF SELF ASSEMBLED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES FOR NOVEL DEVICES IN PHOTONICS AND ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; LAYER; CDSE; EFFICIENCY; POLYMER; ARRAYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOVOLTAICS; NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION C1 [Dutta, Mitra; Sun, Ke; Li, Yang; Stroscio, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Dutta, Mitra; Stroscio, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Narayanamurthy, Vaishnavi; Stroscio, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] USAF, Phys & Elect Directorate, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 851 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056047-2 PY 2008 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1016/B978-008046325-4.00028-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BEJ54 UT WOS:000316934100029 ER PT S AU Bamaba, JM Wilson, CW Baez-Vazquez, M AF Bamaba, James M. Wilson, Cary W. Baez-Vazquez, Melina BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Safety qualification and operational assessment of a Night Vision Cueing and Display system - art. no. 69550O SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Night Vision Goggle (NVG); night vision device (NVD); helmet mounted display (HMD); helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS); safety of flight; operational safety, suitability and effectiveness (OSS&E); wide field of view (WFOV) AB The US Air Force and US Navy are cooperatively developing and demonstrating a wide field of view, night vision, helmet mounted cueing system called Night Vision Cueing and Display. This paper addresses the USAF path to safety of flight qualification of the device to include assessment of the display quality, aircraft compatibility, environmental tolerance, and ejection safety. The variety of tests accomplished will be briefly discussed to include key challenges that were met and overcome. Also addressed is developmental and operational flight testing. Pilot assessments of the system are discussed with emphasis on the aircrew interface and challenges with a newly designed, ejection safety enhancing visor. Finally, joint service plans for the system are addressed. C1 [Bamaba, James M.] USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bamaba, JM (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, 641 St Aeronaut Syst Squadron,641 AESS,2725 C St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6955 BP O9550 EP O9550 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100021 ER PT S AU Havig, P McIntire, J Compton, A Heft, E AF Havig, Paul McIntire, John Compton, Andrew Heft, Eric BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Evaluation of tangible user interfaces for command and control in virtual environments SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE TUI; graspable user interface; GUI; virtual reality; human computer interaction AB One of the difficulties that arise in trying to navigate through or interact with a 3D virtual environment is the fact that the standard 2D mouse with only two degrees of freedom does not lend itself to being used effectively where six degrees of motion are possible. Through the use of both a mouse and keyboard, one is able to interact in three degrees but never in all six at the same time, thus making interaction cumbersome at best. We test out a series of both commercial-off-the-shelf and in-house prototype tangible user interfaces (TUIs) to characterize multiple interaction methods within a virtual environment for command and control applications. Various aspects of navigation, including moving through the virtual world, as well as directly manipulating the world itself, are compared. We attempt to determine which interfaces are most appropriate for specific types of command and control tasks. We conclude with recommendations for the use of TUIs as well as ideas for future research. C1 [Havig, Paul; Compton, Andrew; Heft, Eric] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RHCV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 69550S DI 10.1117/12.773374 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100024 ER PT S AU Arritt, BJ Robertson, LM Henderson, BK Ouyang, L Beard, S Clayton, E Todd, MD Doyle, D Zagrai, A Buckley, SJ Ganley, JM Welsh, JS AF Arritt, Brandon J. Robertson, Lawrence M. Henderson, Benjamin K. Ouyang, Lien Beard, Shawn Clayton, Erik Todd, Michael D. Doyle, Derek Zagrai, Andrei Buckley, Steven J. Ganley, Jeffrey M. Welsh, Jeffry S. BE Kundu, T TI Structural health monitoring; an enabler for responsive satellites SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE ORS; responsive; satellite; structural health monitoring; SHM; modular; flexible AB The Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RV) is developing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies in support of the Department of Defense's Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) initiative. Such technologies will significantly reduce the amount of time and effort required to assess a satellite's structural surety. Although SHM development efforts abound, ORS drives unique requirements on the development of these SHM systems. This paper describes several technology development efforts, aimed at solving those technical issues unique to an ORS-focused SHM system, as well as how the SHM system could be implemented within the structural verification process of a Responsive satellite. C1 [Arritt, Brandon J.; Robertson, Lawrence M.; Henderson, Benjamin K.; Buckley, Steven J.; Ganley, Jeffrey M.; Welsh, Jeffry S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7121-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6935 AR 693513 DI 10.1117/12.776336 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHW99 UT WOS:000257136900032 ER PT S AU Underwood, RT Swenson, ED Soni, SR AF Underwood, Roman T. Swenson, Eric D. Soni, Som R. BE Kundu, T TI Structural health monitoring of aerospace applications with restricted geometry SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE structural health monitoring; Lamb waves; fatigue crack; piezoelectric sensors AB This paper presents a set of results from an experiment that is designed to evaluate a damage detection approach for through-thickness fatigue cracks emanating from a rivet hole in a high-performance aircraft bulkhead. Because fatigue cracks have been found through depot-level visual-inspections at the same location in several aircraft bulkheads, a "hotspot" approach to monitor this area with Lamb waves generated from surface-mounted lead ziconate titanate (PZT) transducers is evaluated. Detecting these fatigue cracks is challenging because the cracks propagate through an area of restricted geometry - a small plate-like area surrounded by thick webbing - which results in the interference of reflected wave components with the direct path wave components when using a pitch-catch approach. To minimize this interference, time-of-flight windows are applied to remove the reflected signals, and to increase probability of detection, Lamb wave mode tuning is used. Finally, to make the crack easier to detect, various static loads are applied to open the crack, but new challenges are presented when attempting to detect damage under a static load. C1 [Underwood, Roman T.; Swenson, Eric D.; Soni, Som R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Underwood, RT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7121-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6935 AR 69350D DI 10.1117/12.776307 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHW99 UT WOS:000257136900010 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ Noren, CA Emmert, L Heaven, MC AF Madden, Timothy J. Noren, Carrie A. Emmert, Luke Heaven, Michael C. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI A method for comparison of computational fluid dynamic simulation and planar laser induced fluorescence images for a supersonic flowfield - art. no. 687406 SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser induced fluorescence imaging; computational fluid dynamics; validation; planar laser induced fluorescence ID I2; STATE C1 [Madden, Timothy J.; Noren, Carrie A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7049-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6874 BP 87406 EP 87406 DI 10.1117/12.773772 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ79 UT WOS:000255548300002 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ AF Madden, Timothy J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Prediction of (IP1/2)-P-2 -> P-2(3/2) transition lineshapes from 3-D, time dependent simulations of chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) flowfields - art. no. 687407 SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser gain; Doppler Broadening; Lorentzian Broadening; lineshape; computational fluid dynamics; flow unsteadiness ID SENSORS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7049-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6874 BP 87407 EP 87407 DI 10.1117/12.773776 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ79 UT WOS:000255548300003 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Progress in Alkali lasers development SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE atomic gas lasers; alkali lasers; diode pump; optical pump ID COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; SODIUM VAPOR; DIODE-ARRAY; POTASSIUM LASER; CESIUM LASER; EXCITATION; ATOMS; CS AB Diode pumped alkali vapor lasers developed during the last several years have the potential to achieve high power. Efficient operation of Rubidium, Cesium and Potassium lasers has been demonstrated. Laser slope efficiencies higher than 80% have been achieved. A diode laser pumping can provide high overall efficiency of these devices. A diode pumped continuous wave 10 W Cs laser and continuous wave 17 W Rb laser were demonstrated. In this paper we review the main results and recent achievements in high power alkali lasers development, discuss some problems existing in this field and ways to solve them. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7049-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6874 AR 68740F DI 10.1117/12.769064 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ79 UT WOS:000255548300011 ER PT S AU Hostuder, DA Hager, GD Heaven, MC AF Hostuder, David A. Hager, Gordon D. Heaven, Michael C. BE Phipps, CR TI Collisional quenching and radiation trapping kinetics for Rb(5p) in the presence of ethane - art. no. 700522 SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION VII, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VII CY APR 20-27, 2008 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Photon Associates, LLC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev (United Kingdom) AB Optically pumped alkali vapor lasers have been constructed using excitation of the D-2 line (P-2(3/2)-S-2(1/2)) followed by lasing on the D-1 line (P-2(1/2)-S-2(1/2)). Collisional relaxation is used to transfer population from P-2(3/2) to the P-2(1/2) level. The collision partner used for this step must have a large cross section for inducing transfer between the P-2(J) levels, combined with a very small cross section for electronic quenching of the form M(P-2(J))+Q -> M(S-2(1/2))+Q (where M is an alkali metal and Q is the energy transfer agent). Ethane has proved to be an effective energy transfer agent for optically pumped Rb and Cs lasers. However, modeling of data for the Rb/C2H6 laser with the literature value for the quenching rate constant was unsuccessful. We have reexamined the quenching of Rb(P-2(J)) by C2H6 using time-resolved fluorescence techniques. Radiation trapping was significant under the conditions of our measurements, and an analysis of the interplay between the kinetics of trapping and quenching was carried out. It was found that quenching of Rb(P-2(J)) by C2H6 was very inefficient. The upper bound established for the quenching cross section was two orders of magnitude lower than that indicated by the previous determination. C1 [Hostuder, David A.; Hager, Gordon D.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hostuder, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7206-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7005 BP 522 EP 522 DI 10.1117/12.801721 PN 1-2 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIE38 UT WOS:000258905800056 ER PT S AU Pitz, GA Perram, GP AF Pitz, Greg A. Perram, Glen P. BE Phipps, CR TI Pressure broadening of the D1 and D2 lines in diode pumped alkali lasers - art. no. 700526 SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION VII, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VII CY APR 20-27, 2008 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Photon Associates, LLC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev (United Kingdom) DE Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers; absorption; stimulate emission; cross-section; lineshapes; pressure broadening ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RB87; ATOMS AB The absolute absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections, including the effects of hyperfine splitting and pressure broadening at low to moderate pressures are computed and compared with experimental results. The comparison is excellent and requires no fit parameters. An analysis of the degree to which the lineshape can be approximated by a single Lorentzian profile is provided as a function of background pressure. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7206-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7005 BP 526 EP 526 DI 10.1117/12.782876 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIE38 UT WOS:000258905800060 ER PT S AU Hager, G McIver, J Hostutler, D Pitz, G Perram, G AF Hager, G. McIver, J. Hostutler, D. Pitz, G. Perram, G. BE Phipps, CR TI A quasi-two level analytic model for end pumped alkali metal vapor laser - art. no. 700528 SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION VII, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VII CY APR 20-27, 2008 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Photon Associates, LLC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev (United Kingdom) DE diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALS); analytic model; longitudinal pump AB In this paper we describe a quasi-two level analytic model for end pumped Alkali metal vapor lasers. The model is developed by considering the steady state rate equations for the number densities of the, S-2(1/2), P-2(3/2), and (2)p(1/2), energy states for the three level laser system. The approximation is then made that the relaxation between the two upper levels, P-2(3/2) and P-2(1/2) caused by collisions with additive ethane is much faster, in fact infinitely fast, by comparison with any other process in the system including stimulated emission. With this assumption the ratio of the number densities for the upper two levels, P-2(3/2) and P-2(1/2), is given by its statistical equilibrium value and the mathematical description becomes that of a quasi-two level system from which an analytic solution can be extracted. The analytic model description gives expressions for the threshold pump power and the slope efficiency including intra-cavity losses. Applications of the model and comparisons with the steady state three level model developed by Beach et al. will be presented. C1 [Hager, G.; McIver, J.; Hostutler, D.; Pitz, G.; Perram, G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Excellence Gas Phase Hybrid Lasers, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hager, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Excellence Gas Phase Hybrid Lasers, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7206-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7005 BP 528 EP 528 DI 10.1117/12.782875 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIE38 UT WOS:000258905800062 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. BE Phipps, CR TI Alkali lasers development at the Laser and Optics Research Center of the US Air Force Academy SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION VII, PTS 1-2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VII CY APR 20-27, 2008 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Photon Associates, LLC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev (United Kingdom) DE atomic gas lasers; alkali lasers; diode pump; optical pump ID 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; DIODE-ARRAY; POTASSIUM LASER; CESIUM LASER; VAPOR LASER; REDUCTION AB The Laser and Optics Research Center of the US Air Force Academy started a research program on optically pumped alkali lasers in 2004. We demonstrated the first diode pumped alkali (cesium) vapor laser, the first optically pumped potassium laser, the most efficient (slope efficiency higher than 80%) cesium laser, and diode pumped Rb and Cs lasers with highest output powers (17 W and 48 W respectively). We have developed an efficient Cs amplifier with a small signal amplification factor of 145 and tunable single mode Cs laser for scientific applications. In this paper we present a review of our main results and recent achievements in high power alkali laser development, discuss some problems existing in this field and ways to solve them. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7206-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7005 AR 700524 DI 10.1117/12.782846 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIE38 UT WOS:000258905800058 ER PT S AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Kerans, R. J. BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Galerie, A Monceau, D Mathieu, S TI A model for transitions in oxidation regimes of ZrB(2) SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 7, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Nancy Univ, Inst Polytech Grenoble, Inst Polytech Toulouse, CEFRACOR, ONR Global, VEOLIA Environm, ORNL, St Gobain, EPRI, Snecma Grp SAFRAN, CNRS DE diborides; oxidation; mechanisms; transition ID HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; ZIRCONIUM; DIBORIDE; COMPOSITES; KINETICS; HAFNIUM; HFB2; AIR AB A mechanistic model that interprets the transition in oxidation behavior of zirconium diboride as the temperature is varied from 600 degrees C to 2500 degrees C is presented. Available thermodynamic data and literature data for vapor pressures oxygen permeability in boria, and viscosity of boria were used to evaluate the model. Three regimes and the temperatures of transition between them were identified. In the intermediate temperature regime, viz., 1000 degrees C to 1800 degrees C, good correspondence was obtained between theory and experiments for weight gain, recession, and scale thickness as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. In this regime, the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through a film of liquid boria in capillaries at the base of the oxidation product. At lower temperatures, an external boria scale forms, but it was not found to contribute significantly to oxidation resistance. Comparison with literature data oil recession is very good, but weight gain is predicted to be higher than experimentally observed unless flow of viscous boria is included. At higher temperatures, the boria is lost by evaporation, and the oxidation rate is limited by diffusion of molecular oxygen through the capillaries between nearly columnar blocks of the oxide MO(2).; this regime is soon followed by a rapid acceleration of recession due to vaporization of the oxide MO(2) itself. C1 [Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, R. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Opeka, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD USA. [Kerans, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil; rapp@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; mark.opeka@navy.mil; ronald.kerans@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 595-598 BP 823 EP 832 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIW45 UT WOS:000263369400093 ER PT J AU Huang, Y De, A Zhang, Y Sarkar, TK Carlo, J AF Huang, Ying De, Arijit Zhang, Yu Sarkar, Tapan K. Carlo, Jeffrey TI Enhancement of Radiation Along the Ground Plane From a Horizontal Dipole Located Close to It SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC); end-fire antenna; high impedance surface; split ring resonator (SRR) ID CONDUCTORS; SURFACES; ANTENNAS AB Artificial magnetic conductor as a ground plane realized by split ring resonators is proposed to improve the strength of the radiating fields along the ground plane from a horizontally oriented dipole antenna placed close to it. Simulation results show that although the gain along the ground plane can be improved, but its performance is valid over an extremely narrow bandwidth. However, the gain of the dipole is much higher than when it is operating in free space. Hence, in the design of such systems attention must be paid in the tradeoff between the gain and bandwidth of the dipole operating over an artificial magnetic conductor. C1 [Huang, Ying; De, Arijit; Zhang, Yu; Sarkar, Tapan K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Carlo, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM yhuang35@syr.edu NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 294 EP 297 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.922141 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200015 ER PT J AU Best, SR Altshuler, EE Yaghjian, AD McGinthy, JM O'Donnell, TH AF Best, Steven R. Altshuler, Edward E. Yaghjian, Arthur. D. McGinthy, Jason M. O'Donnell, Teresa H. TI An Impedance-Matched 2-Element Superdirective Array SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna arrays; folded monopoles; impedance matching; superdirectivity AB With proper adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the element excitations, the directivity of an N-element end-fire array of isotropic radiators can approach N(2) as the spacing between the elements approaches zero. To achieve this end-fire superdirectivity for a 2-element array, the excitation phase difference between the elements must closely approach 180 degrees. When closely spaced elements are driven nearly 180 degrees out-of-phase, the element radiation resistances approach zero, resulting in a high input Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and reduced radiation efficiency. At the same time, there is also a significant decrease in the operating bandwidth. In this letter we present the design of a 2-element, superdirective multiple arm folded monopole array that achieves a near 50 Omega input radiation resistance at each element, resulting in a matched input VSWR, higher radiation efficiency and therefore, a substantial increase in realized or overall efficiency. C1 [Best, Steven R.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Altshuler, Edward E.; Yaghjian, Arthur. D.; McGinthy, Jason M.; O'Donnell, Teresa H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Burlington Rd, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM sbest@mitre.org FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [00SN15COR] FX Manuscript received October 27, 2007; revised January 6, 2008. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract LRIR#00SN15COR. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.921372 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 478WV UT WOS:000268620200017 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Yakura, SJ Baum, CE Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, Phumin Yakura, S. Joe Baum, Carl E. Islam, Naz E. TI Analyzing Enhanced Terahertz-Pulse Power and Frequency Using a Field-Carrier Transport Approach SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); high-power photoconductive antenna; terahertz pulse generation ID TIME-DOMAIN; GAAS AB A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) based simulation to analyze photocurrent generation and wave propagation inside photoconductive semiconductor switch antenna is described. The simulation incorporates the transient field redistribution, carrier generation characteristics, and field acceleration that contribute to the nonlinear behavior of terahertz-pulse generation following laser induced activation of the photoconductive switch. The study using this simulation approach shows that the antenna with a flare-angle electrode arrangement can effectively enhance the frequency range and the peak power of the generated terahertz (THz) pulses as compared to a typical dipole antenna. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin; Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Yakura, S. Joe] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Baum, Carl E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2002878 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494EB UT WOS:000269791600053 ER PT J AU Ward, BG AF Ward, Benjamin G. TI Finite element analysis of photonic crystal rods with inhomogeneous anisotropic refractive index tensor SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE birefringence; electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogeneous media; finite element methods; optical fibers ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; FIBERS AB A procedure for incorporating inhomogeneous anisotropic variations in the refractive index tensor into two-dimensional finite element calculations of the guided mode characteristics of photonic crystal rods is presented. The stress tensor distribution is assumed to be known. Photonic crystal rod designs incorporating stress applying parts are analyzed using this procedure. The predicted guided mode structure is compared to the simplified case described by uniform birefringence revealing differences in the effective indexes of the guided modes, the effective area and eccentricity of the fundamental mode, the modal birefringence,and the overlap with the gain region of active devices. The method is applicable to all dielectric waveguide structures. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward@usafa.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1109/JQE.2007.910706 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 256IA UT WOS:000252720600019 ER PT J AU Greitzer, FL Moore, AP Cappelli, DM Andrews, DH Carroll, LA Hull, TD AF Greitzer, Frank L. Moore, Andrew P. Cappelli, Dawn M. Andrews, Dee H. Carroll, Lynn A. Hull, Thomas D. TI Combating the insider cyber threat SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Moore, Andrew P.; Cappelli, Dawn M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, CERT, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Andrews, Dee H.; Hull, Thomas D.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Mesa, AZ USA. EM frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; opm@cert.org; dmc@sei.cmu.edu; dee.andrews@mesa.afmc.af.mil; lynnolncrl@aol.com; hull@mesa.afmc.af.mil NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1109/MSP.2008.8 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 259IY UT WOS:000252934200009 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Meola, J Hardie, RC AF Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph Hardie, Russell C. TI Hyperspectral change detection in the presence of diurnal and seasonal variations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE change detection; hyperspectral; image analysis; spectral clustering; target detection ID DETECTION ALGORITHMS; IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION AB Hyperspectral change detection has been shown to be a promising approach for detecting subtle targets in complex: backgrounds. Reported change-detection methods are typically based on linear predictors that assume a space-invariant affine transformation between image pairs. Unfortunately, several physical mechanisms can lead to a significant space variance in the spectral change associated with background clutter. This may include shadowing and other illumination variations, as well as seasonal impacts on the spectral nature of the vegetation. If not properly addressed, this can lead to poor change-detection performance. This paper explores the space-varying nature of such changes through empirical measurements and investigates spectrally segmented linear predictors to accommodate these effects. Several specific algorithms are developed and applied to change imagery captured under controlled conditions, and the impacts on clutter suppression and change detection are quantified and compared. The results indicate that such techniques can provide markedly improved performance when the environmental conditions associated with the image pairs are substantially different. C1 [Eismann, Michael T.; Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electro Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil; rhardie@udayton.edu NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.907973 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500023 ER PT S AU Arritt, BJ Buckley, SJ Ganley, JM Welsh, JS Henderson, BK Lyall, ME Williams, AD Prebble, JC DiPalma, J Mehle, G Roopnarine AF Arritt, Brandon J. Buckley, Steven J. Ganley, Jeffrey M. Welsh, Jeffry S. Henderson, Benjamin K. Lyall, M. Eric Williams, Andrew D. Prebble, Jeffrey C. DiPalma, John Mehle, Greg Roopnarine BE Davis, LP Henderson, BK McMickell, MB TI Development of a satellite structural architecture for operationally responsive space SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies CY MAR 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE ORS; responsive; satellite; structure; reconfigurable; multifunctional; symbiotic; plug-and-play AB The Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RV) is developing a satellite structural architecture in support of the Department of Defense's Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) initiative. Such a structural architecture must enable rapid Assembly, Integration, and Test (AI&T) of the satellite, accommodate multiple configurations (to include structural configurations, components, and payloads), and incorporate structurally integrated thermal management and electronics, while providing sufficient strength, stiffness, and alignment accuracy. The chosen approach will allow a wide range of satellite structures to be assembled from a relatively small set of structural components. This paper details the efforts of AFRL, and its contractors, to develop the technology necessary to realize these goals. C1 [Arritt, Brandon J.; Buckley, Steven J.; Ganley, Jeffrey M.; Welsh, Jeffry S.; Henderson, Benjamin K.; Lyall, M. Eric; Williams, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7116-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6930 AR 69300I DI 10.1117/12.776319 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Transportation GA BHW25 UT WOS:000256996500012 ER PT S AU Judge, M Williams, P Kim, Y Mullins, B AF Judge, Matthew Williams, Paul Kim, Yong Mullins, Barry BE Onieva, JA Sauveron, D Chaumette, S Gollmann, D Markantonakis, K TI Software cannot protect software: An argument for dedicated hardware in security and a categorization of the trustworthiness of information SO INFORMATION SECURITY THEORY AND PRACTICES: SMART DEVICES, CONVERGENCE AND NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Information Security Theory and Practices CY MAY 13-16, 2008 CL Seville, SPAIN AB There are many current classifications and taxonomies relating to computer security. One missing classification is the Trustworthiness of Information being received by the security system, which we define. This new classification along with Timeliness of Detection and Security level of the Security System present motivation for hardware-based security solutions. Including hardware is not an automatic solution to the limitations of software solutions. Advantages are only gained from hardware through design that ensures at least First-hand Information, dedicated monitors, explicit hardware communication, dedicated storage, and dedicated security processors. C1 [Judge, Matthew; Williams, Paul; Kim, Yong; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Judge, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.judge@afit.edu; paul.williams@afit.edu; yong.kim@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-79965-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5019 BP 36 EP 48 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHS34 UT WOS:000255940800003 ER PT S AU Sanderson, RB McCalmont, JF Montgomery, JB Johnson, RS McDermott, DJ AF Sanderson, R. B. McCalmont, J. F. Montgomery, J. B. Johnson, R. S. McDermott, D. J. BE Holst, GC TI Clutter and signatures from near infrared testbed sensor SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB A new tactical airborne multicolor missile warning testbed was developed as part of an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) initiative focusing on the development of sensors operating in the near infrared where commercially available silicon detectors can be used. At these wavelengths, the rejection of solar induced false alarms is a critical issue. Multicolor discrimination provides one of the most promising techniques for improving the performance of missile warning sensors, particularly for heavy clutter situations. This, in turn, requires that multicolor clutter data be collected for both analysis and algorithm development. The developed sensor test bed, as described in previous papers', is a two-camera system with 1004x1004 FPA coupled with optimized filters integrated with the optics. The collection portion includes a high speed processor coupled with a high capacity disk array capable of collecting up to 48 full frames per second. This configuration allows the collection of temporally correlated, radiometrically calibrated data in two spectral bands that provide a basis for evaluating the performance of spectral discrimination algorithms. The presentation will describe background and clutter data collected from ground and flight locations in both detection and guard bands and the statistical analysis to provide a basis for evaluation of sensor performance. In addition, measurements have been made of discrete targets, both threats and false alarms. The results of these measurements have shown the capability of these sensors to provide a useful discrimination capability to distinguish threats from false alarms. C1 [Sanderson, R. B.; McCalmont, J. F.; McDermott, D. J.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanderson, RB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RYJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 694117 DI 10.1117/12.778659 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300038 ER PT J AU Wysocki, BT Marciniak, MA AF Wysocki, B. T. Marciniak, M. A. TI Discrimination between electronic and optical blooming in an InSb focal-plane array under high-intensity excitation SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indium-antimonide; InSb; infrared; blooming; focal-plane array; FPA; carrier-diffusion AB Infrared (IR) focal-plane arrays (FPA's) with high spatial resolution play an important role in military imaging. Image degradation through blooming of the FPA by either thermal or monochromatic sources seriously limits their effectiveness. However, little has been published discerning the phenomena responsible for this blooming. We studied the blooming effects in a 640 x 480 indium-antimonide (InSb) FPA with 20-mu m pixel-to-pixel spacing and operated at 77 K. Electronic and optical blooming from both a high-intensity black-body source and a 4.6-mu m narrow-line-width laser source was studied. A 30-mu m pinhole mask was fastened directly to the FPA to achieve spatial isolation of individual pixels in order to separate the optical and electronic effects. Both sources were used to bloom the FPA with and without the mask, and images were captured and analyzed. We provide conclusive evidence that optical effects of ghosting, diffraction, and lens and housing scatter dominate, resulting in global (i.e., large area of the FPA) loss of image quality, while effects due to electronic phenomena, such as carrier-diffusion, are minimal and locally confined to on-the-order-of-one pixel. A simple model of carrier transport was constructed to provide the theoretical basis for our conclusions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wysocki, B. T.; Marciniak, M. A.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wysocki, B. T.] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Marciniak, MA (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Mareiniak@afit.edu NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2007.08.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 257GH UT WOS:000252786700001 ER PT S AU Buchwald, WR Saxena, H Krejca, B Roland, M Peale, RE AF Buchwald, Walter R. Saxena, Himanshu Krejca, Brian Roland, Mark Peale, Robert E. BE Strojnik, M TI Plasmon mediated, InGaAs/InP, tunable far-IR detector SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Plasmons; 2-deg; HEMT; active plasmonics ID SILICON AB Plasmon resonances in the two dimensional electron gas (2-deg) of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) can affect transport properties. The resonance frequency depends on the gate-tuned sheet charge density of the 2deg and on the characteristic length of the gate metallization by which free space THz radiation couples to the plasmon. Thus, this type of device can be used as a tunable detector. This work presents an experimental investigation of such a device fabricated from the InGaAs/InP material system. E-beam lithography was used to fabricate a gate in the form of a grating with sub-micron period. Sensitivity of the conductance to incident THz fields is reported. Direct absorption of THz, temperature effects, and the effects of source to drain current on system performance arc also investigated. It is expected that this class of device will find use in space-borne remote sensing applications. C1 [Buchwald, Walter R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820B DI 10.1117/12.793804 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900008 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD Beecken, BP Lindh, C AF LeVan, Paul D. Beecken, Brian P. Lindh, Cory BE Dereniak, EL Hartke, JP LeVan, PD Longshore, RE Sood, AK TI Dualband Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Observations of the Moon SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTOELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; infrared; dualband; focal plane array AB We reported previously on full-disk observations of the sun through a layer of black polymer, used to protect the entrance aperture of a novel dualband spectrometer while transmitting discrete wavelength regions in the MWIR & LWIR(1). More recently, the spectrometer was used to assess the accuracy of recovery of unknown blackbody temperatures(2). Here, we briefly describe MWIR observations of the full Moon made in Jan 2008. As was the case for the solar observations, the Moon was allowed to drift across the spectrometer slit by Earth's rotation. A detailed sensor calibration performed prior to the observations accounts for sensor non-uniformities; the spectral images of the Moon therefore include atmospheric transmission features. Our plans are to repeat the observations at liquid helium temperatures, thereby allowing both MWIR & LWIR spectral coverage. C1 [LeVan, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7275-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7055 AR 705507 DI 10.1117/12.799439 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ48 UT WOS:000263958400003 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Bogdanffy, MS Covington, TR Tan, C Jarabek, AM AF Teeguarden, Justin G. Bogdanffy, Matthew S. Covington, Tammie R. Tan, Cecilia Jarabek, Annie M. TI A PBPK model for evaluating the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms on comparative rat and human nasal tissue acetaldehyde dosimetry SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; MUCOSAL BLOOD-FLOW; INHALATION TOXICITY; VINYL-ACETATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN NOSE; METABOLISM; VAPOR AB Acetaldehyde is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis and normal oxidative metabolism of several industrially important compounds, including ethanol, ethyl acetate, and vinyl acetate. Chronic inhalation of acetaldehyde leads to degeneration of the olfactory and respiratory epithelium in rats at concentrations >50 ppm (90 day exposure) and respiratory and olfactory nasal tumors at concentrations >= 750 ppm, the lowest concentration tested in the 2-yr chronic bioassay. Differences in the anatomy and biochemistry of the rodent and human nose, including polymorphisms in human high-affinity acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), are important considerations for interspecies extrapolations in the risk assessment of acetaldehyde. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of rat and human nasal tissues was constructed for acetaldehyde to support a dosimetry-based risk assessment for acetaldehyde (Dorman et al., 2008). The rodent model was developed using published metabolic constants and calibrated using upper-respiratory-tract acetaldehyde extraction data. The human nasal model incorporates previously published tissue volumes, blood flows, and acetaldehyde metabolic constants. ALDH2 polymorphisms were represented in the human model as reduced rates of acetaldehyde metabolism. Steady-state dorsal olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde concentrations in the rat were predicted to be 409, 6287, and 12,634 mu M at noncytotoxic (50 ppm), and cytotoxic/tumorigenic exposure concentrations (750 and 1500 ppm), respectively. The human equivalent concentration (HEC) of the rat no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 50 ppm, based on steady-state acetaldehyde concentrations from continual exposures, was 67 ppm. Respiratory and olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde and H+ (pH) concentrations were largely linear functions of exposure in both species. The impact of presumed ALDH2 polymorphisms on human olfactory tissue concentrations was negligible; the high-affinity, low-capacity ALDH2 does not contribute significantly to acetaldehyde metabolism in the nasal tissues. The human equivalent acetaldehyde concentration for homozygous low activity was 66 ppm, 1.5% lower than for the homozygous full activity phenotype. The rat and human acetaldehyde PBPK models developed here can also be used as a bridge between acetaldehyde dose-response and mode-of-action data as well as between similar databases for other acetaldehyde-producing nasal toxicants. C1 [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bogdanffy, Matthew S.] Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. [Covington, Tammie R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Tan, Cecilia] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1080/08958370801903750 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 269IN UT WOS:000253642800002 PM 18302046 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Leedy, K Varanasi, C Neidhard, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M AF Subramanyam, Guru Leedy, Kevin Varanasi, Chakrapani Neidhard, Robert Stamper, Keith Calcatera, Mark TI A LOW VOLTAGE TUNABLE ANALOG PHASE SHIFTER UTILIZING FERROELECTRIC VARACTORS SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE voltage tunable dielectrics; ferroelectric varactors; coplanar waveguide transmission line; distributed transmission line phase shifter ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB A distributed transmission line phase shifter was implemented by periodically loading a coplanar transmission line using ferroelectric varactors in a shunt configuration. A single dc bias applied to the phase shifter circuit provides a large relative phase shift. A relative phase shift of 305 degrees was obtained at 20 GHz for a dc bias of only 5 V. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert; Stamper, Keith; Calcatera, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udaytom.edu RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 FU Sensors Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton FX This research work was funded by Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH. The authors are indebted to the late Dr. Rand Biggers who was instrumental in the process development for the BST thin films, using the process controlled PLD system. The authors acknowledge technical support of Mr. Joe Breedlove during the fabrication of the circuits. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 156 EP 164 AR PII 906862607 DI 10.1080/10584580802540967 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400017 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. TI Novel slab-coupled LiNbO3 waveguide for nonlinear optical applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE SCOW; PPLN; frequency conversion; quasi-phase matching; mid-IR ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE AB A new slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) using lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals were designed and experimentally demonstrated. The new LiNbO3SCOW structure composes of a main guiding core and a coupled leaky slab laterally confinement by two etched drains. The SCOW supports the propagation of the single spatial mode (having positive propagation constant), and leaks all high-order modes into the slab (imaginary propagation constants). Significance of such SCOWs will be the availability of a large and circular core to support the fundamental mode propagation, which could largely reduce the possibility of waveguide damage because of high optical power density, and reduce coupling losses to adjacent components including high power near infrared (NIR) diode lasers. Such SCOWs can find wide applications in nonlinear optics. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 98 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1080/10584580802092647 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 318SS UT WOS:000257113500019 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Kontur, FJ Dajani, IA Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Kontur, F. J. Dajani, I. A. Knize, R. J. TI Bandwidth engineering for efficient frequency doubling of high power fiber lasers using periodically poled KTP crystals SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE KTP; quasi-phase matching; nonlinear optics; fiber laser ID FERROELECTRIC DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; BLUE-LIGHT; LINBO3; GROWTH AB Dependence of both acceptance bandwidth and frequency conversion efficiency on the linear periodicity fluctuation in domain-inverted KTP crystals was investigated. The study was mainly focused on three main emission wavelength bands of current commercially available high power optical fiber lasers. That to use these artificially introduced domain periodicity fluctuations as the potential means to match the nonlinear crystal's acceptance bandwidth to a high power fiber laser's emission linewidth is believed effective in maximizing the nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency as much as possible. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Kontur, F. J.; Dajani, I. A.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu OI Kontur, Frederick/0000-0002-8802-5653 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 98 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1080/10584580802096655 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 318SS UT WOS:000257113500030 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K Brown, GJ AF Lu, Yalin Knize, Randy J. Reinhardt, Kitt Brown, Gail J. TI Terahertz frequency range dielectric tunability of Pb(mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O-3-PbTiO3 hetero-phase superlattices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB Linear and nonlinear dielectric responses in the terahertz (THz) frequency range of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) hetero-phase superlattices (HPSLs) were studied. The results indicate a significant relaxation contribution to the recorded THz dielectric spectra from the formation of interface-associated nanoclusters and the variation of mean relaxation frequency respective to the material's maximum phase transition temperature. A large electric field induced dielectric tunability (so-called nonlinear dielectric property), which is as about 15% when the applied voltage reaches about 150 V, was recorded in the HPSL with the smallest superlattice period of 10 nm. This large tunability was partially attributed to both rexalation and the in-plane alignment of the used measurement configuration. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Knize, Randy J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 97 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1080/10584580802085765 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 318SR UT WOS:000257113400001 ER PT J AU Coop, CA Balanon, SK White, KM Whisman, BA Rathkopf, MM AF Coop, Christopher A. Balanon, Synya K. White, Kevin M. Whisman, Bonnie A. Rathkopf, Melinda M. TI Anaphylaxis from the influenza virus vaccine SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaphylactic reaction; gelatin; immediate-type hypersensitivity; influenza virus; vaccine ID EGG ALLERGY; PROBABLE ROLE; GELATIN; THIMEROSAL; INGESTION; IGE AB Background: Allergic reactions to the influenza vaccine are uncommon and usually associated with sensitivity to egg or gelatin. The aim of this study was to report the case of anaphylaxis to the influenza vaccine. Methods: Allergy percutaneous skin testing, serum specific IgE testing and IgE immunoblotting were performed to the influenza vaccine, egg, and gelatin. Results: Percutaneous skin testing to the influenza vaccine and gelatin were positive and egg (white, whole, and yolk) was negative. Immunocap(R) serum-specific IgE testing to egg (white, whole, and yolk) and gelatin were negative (<0.35 kU/). IgE immunoblots were performed with 2 cord blood serums and the patient's serum at a 1: 20 dilution against 10 mu g of the Fluzone influenza vaccine. The patient's IgE immunoblot showed a protein band at 100 kDa which is similar to the molecular weight of gelatin protein, a 68-kDa protein which is similar to the molecular weight of hemagglutinin protein from the influenza vaccine, and a 45-kDa protein band that is similar to the molecular weight of ovalbumin protein from chicken embryo/egg. Conclusion: Based on clinical symptoms, skin testing, Immunocap testing and immunoblot evaluation, we feel that our patient is allergic to the infectious agent in the influenza vaccine as well as gelatin and ovalbumin in egg. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Coop, Christopher A.; White, Kevin M.; Whisman, Bonnie A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Balanon, Synya K.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Rathkopf, Melinda M.] Allergy Asthma & Immunol Ctr Alaska LLC, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Coop, CA (reprint author), 59th Med Grp, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.coop@hotmail.com OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1159/000112507 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 291DZ UT WOS:000255174700012 PM 18087166 ER PT J AU Stewart, J Havrilla, M Berrie, J Kornbau, N Stenholm, G Albert, A AF Stewart, James Havrilla, Michael Berrie, Jeff Kornbau, Nathan Stenholm, Garrett Albert, Alan TI Material characterization using a hand-held network analyzer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL E Lansing, MI SP Japan Soc Appl Electromagnet & Mech, Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn DE Materials characterization; network analyzer; open-ended waveguide; permittivity; permeability AB In this paper a method employing a hand-held network analyzer is presented that allows in situ measurement of materials in environments unreachable by traditional network analyzers. Calculation of permittivity and permeability is accomplished using two reflection measurements from a waveguide probe. A comparison between the theoretical and experimentally measured reflection coefficients allows extraction of the material parameters using a root search algorithm. Parameter extraction results are presented and compared to those obtained from an HP8510 network analyzer employing the same waveguide probe and test materials. C1 [Stewart, James] USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Havrilla, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Berrie, Jeff; Kornbau, Nathan] BerrieHill Res Corp, Datyton, OH 45459 USA. [Stenholm, Garrett; Albert, Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stewart, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM james.stewart@hanscom.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA 359FF UT WOS:000259971100015 ER PT J AU Wickens, CD Small, RL Andre, T Bagnall, T Brenaman, C AF Wickens, Christopher D. Small, Ronald L. Andre, Terence Bagnall, Timothy Brenaman, Chris TI Multisensory enhancement of command displays for unusual attitude recovery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL DISORIENTATION; DOMAINS; DESIGN AB In a low-fidelity, fixed-base F-16 flight simulator, 12 fighter pilots attempted to recover from unusual pitch-down inverted attitudes. Recovery was done in a control condition, aided by a heads-up display (HUD) only, and with 3 command display augmentations: (a) a command visual icon, pointing in the direction of appropriate control; (b) the icon augmented with a voice command; and (c) the icon augmented with a tactile command. All 3 command displays reduced the time to make the initial recovery response relative to the control condition, and decreased the frequency of initial incorrect roll responses. The tactile and voice augmentations also improved the speed of initial recovery response from the most severe inversions. C1 [Wickens, Christopher D.; Small, Ronald L.; Bagnall, Timothy] Alion MA&D Grp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Andre, Terence] USAF Acad, Dept Human Factors Behav Sci & Leadership, USAF Acad, CO 80840 USA. [Brenaman, Chris] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. RP Wickens, CD (reprint author), Alion MA&D Grp, 4949 Pearl E Circle, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM cwickens@alionscience.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1080/10508410802073491 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 338PI UT WOS:000258519500003 ER PT J AU Gibb, RW Olson, W AF Gibb, Randall W. Olson, Wes TI Classification of Air Force Aviation Accidents: Mishap Trends and Prevention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAFETY-CENTER DATA; NAVAL AVIATION; SPATIAL DISORIENTATION; HUMAN ERROR; INCIDENTS; AIRCRAFT AB This article reanalyzed 124 U.S. Air Force aviation mishaps from 1992 through 2005, using the Department of Defense Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Mishap types included controlled flight into terrain, loss of control, spatial disorientation, and midair collisions. All accidents were linked with supervisory errors related to proficiency and experience factors. Preconditions to unsafe acts were most frequently related to cognitive, psychobehavioral, and coordination, communication, and planning factors. Continued improvements in operational risk assessment and crew resource management are suggested, as well as interventions such as flight operations quality assurance and line-oriented safety audits to specifically focus latent error mitigation strategies. C1 [Gibb, Randall W.] USAF Acad, DFBL, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. RP Gibb, RW (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Suite 6L-166, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. EM randall.gibb@usafa.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 305 EP 325 DI 10.1080/10508410802346913 PG 21 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 366CS UT WOS:000260458800001 ER PT J AU Carns, B Fadare, O AF Carns, Bhavini Fadare, Oluwole TI Papanicolaou Test in the Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions: A Re-evaluation Based on Cytohistologic Non-correlation Rates in 356 Concurrently Obtained Samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytohistologic correlation; Pap test; accuracy; sensitivity; specificity; performance; colposcopy AB Studies evaluating the routine Papanicolaou (Pap) test have traditionally used as the reference gold standard, the diagnoses on the follow-up histologic samples. Since the latter are typically obtained days to weeks after the Pap test, the accuracy of the resultant comparison may be affected by interim factors, such as regression of human papillomavirus, new lesion acquisitions or colposcopy-associated variability. A subset of our clinicians have routinely obtained cervical cytology samples immediately prior to their colposcopic procedures, which presented a unique opportunity to re-evaluate the test performance of liquid-based cervical cytology in detecting the most clinically significant lesions (i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse: CIN2+), using as gold standard, diagnoses on cervical biopsies that were essentially obtained simultaneously. For each patient, cytohistologic non-correlation between the Pap test and biopsy was considered to be present when either modality displayed a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL)/CIN2+ while the other displayed a less severe lesion. Therefore, HGSIL/CIN2+ was present in both the Pap test and biopsy in true positives, and absent in both modalities in true negatives. In false positives, the Pap test showed HGSIL while the biopsy showed less than a CIN2+. In false negatives, Pap tests displaying less than a HGSIL were associated with biopsies displaying CIN2+. Combinations associated with "atypical" interpretations were excluded. A cytohistologic non-correlation was present in 17 (4.8%) of the 356 combinations reviewed. The non-correlation was attributed, by virtue of having the less severe interpretation, to the Pap test in all 17 cases. There were 17, 322, 0, and 17 true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Pap test, at a diagnostic threshold of HGSIL, in identifying a CIN2+ lesion were 50%, 100%, 100% and 95% respectively. Even in Pap test/biopsy combinations obtained on the same day by the same colposcopist and evaluated by the same pathologist, there is a 4.8% (17/356) false negative rate associated with the Pap test. Our findings suggest that there may be an intrinsic error rate associated with this test modality. C1 [Carns, Bhavini; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Carns, Bhavini] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carns, Bhavini] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RG UT WOS:000208021300008 PM 18784830 ER PT J AU Hall, JM Saenger, JS Fadare, O AF Hall, Jordan M. Saenger, Jeff S. Fadare, Oluwole TI Diagnostic Utility of P63 and CD10 in Distinguishing Cutaneous Spindle Cell/Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Atypical Fibroxanthomas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atypical fibroxanthoma; p63; CD10; skin; sarcomatoid/spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma AB The pathologic distinction of atypical fibroxanthomas (AFXs) from cutaneous spindle cell/sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas (SCSCCs) may occasionally pose a significant diagnostic challenge, given the substantial clinicopathologic overlap between these lesions. Recent studies indicate that p63 and CD10 are expressed in significant proportions of SCSCC and AFX, respectively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of CD10 and p63 in distinguishing cutaneous SCSCCs and AFXs. The immunohistochemical expression of p63, CD10, cytokeratin AE-1/3, cytokeratin 5/6 and a cytokeratin cocktail (Kermix) was evaluated in an archived group of 23 AFXs and 10 SCSCCs. CD10 was positive in 18/23 AFXs (78%), with most demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. Three of 23 AFXs (13%), all negative for cytokeratins, showed focal and weak nuclear staining for p63. Two of 23 AFXs (9%) demonstrated very focal or weak staining for only one cytokeratin; in both cases, p63 and CD10 were negative. One AFX was negative with all immunostains. CD10 was positive in 6/10 SCSCCs (60%), with half demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. P63 was positive in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%), with most demonstrating strong and diffuse staining. One SCSCC was negative for p63, but positive with two cytokeratin immunostains. In conclusion, the expression of any of the cytokeratins evaluated herein significantly distinguished AFX from SCSCC. CD10 used in isolation, however, was not useful in making this distinction (positive in 18/23 AFXs versus 6/10 SCSCCs, p=0.4). The addition of CD10 to a panel that includes p63 did not provide any additional information to that obtained from the latter alone. Overall, the most effective combination to distinguish AFX from SCSCC was p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3. Positivity for both p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3 was seen in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%) and was not observed in any of the 23 AFXs (p<0.0001). The usefulness of CD10 in this differential diagnosis is limited. C1 [Hall, Jordan M.; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hall, Jordan M.; Saenger, Jeff S.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78235 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Hall, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jordan.hall@lackland.af.mil FU Clinical Research Squadron, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA FX This study was funded in part by a grant from the Clinical Research Squadron, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 524 EP 530 PG 7 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RJ UT WOS:000208021600007 PM 18787630 ER PT J AU Tang, GL Truong, F Fadare, O Woda, B Wang, SA AF Tang, Guilin Truong, Franciose Fadare, Oluwole Woda, Bruce Wang, Sa A. TI Diagnostic Challenges Related to Myeloid/Natural Killer Cells, a Variant of Myeloblasts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acute leukemia; flow cytometric immunophenotyping; myeloblast; natural killer cell AB The authors report herein two diagnostically challenging cases centered on the myeloid/natural killer (myeloid/NK) cells, a variant of myeloblasts, to illustrate the importance of advanced flow cytometric immunophenotyping and an updated understanding of surface markers in hematopoietic malignancies. Myeloid/NK cell acute leukemia is a very rare subtype of leukemia. Although its NK-cell nature is debatable, it represents a variant of leukemia with distinct morphological and immunophenotypical features. The first case is a de novo myeloid/NK-cell acute leukemia with a striking clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic resemblance to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but which could be distinguished by its CD11a, CD18, CD117 and CD9 expression. This case illustrates the importance of utilizing the APL surrogate surface phenotype of HLA-DR(low), CD11a(low) and CD18(low) by flow cytometric study to rule in/out APL immunophenotypically. In the second case, we show that myeloid/NK-cell blasts can present as a variant of blasts in a preleukemic disease as refractory anemia with excess blasts-1 (RAEB-1), where the blasts were negative for CD34, CD117 and HLA-DR. The recognition of such blast variant is important in appropriately classifying such preleukemic diseases by blast percentage. C1 [Tang, Guilin; Truong, Franciose; Woda, Bruce; Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, UMass Mem Med Ctr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, UMass Mem Med Ctr, 3 Biotech,1 Innovat Dr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM wanga@ummhc.org NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 544 EP 549 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RJ UT WOS:000208021600011 PM 18787634 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fadare, O AF Rodriguez, Rosemarie Fadare, Oluwole TI Longitudinal cytological follow-up of patients with a Papanicolaou test interpretation of "Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance" that was followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus types SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol DE cervix; Bethesda 2001; human papillomavirus; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; consensus management guidelines ID ASCUS-LSIL TRIAGE; CERVICAL CYTOLOGY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HPV DNA; MANAGEMENT; PARTICIPANTS; TERMINOLOGY; GUIDELINES AB The 2001 consensus guidelines essentially equated the follow-up management of patients with a Papanicolaou (Pap) test interpretation of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and those with an interpretation of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) that was followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) types: follow-up cytology in 12 months. As several years have elapsed since these guidelines attained some measure of widespread implementation, we sought to determine whether, in routinely diagnosed cases, the full spectrum of follow-up cytological findings are indeed identical in these 2 groups. Clinical and pathological data of consecutive patients with a Pap test interpretation of ASC-US during a 6-week period (n = 587), in which reflex human papillomavirus testing was performed (n = 497) and in which HR HPV types were not detected (n = 300), were reviewed (study group). A randomly selected control group of 300 patients whose Pap tests were reported as negative (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) during the same period were similarly reviewed. The follow-up Pap tests were classified into the various Bethesda 2001 diagnostic categories, and both groups were compared. The average follow-up duration in the study and control groups was 26.03 and 25.9 months, respectively. When all of the follow-up Pap tests in each group (study, n = 555; control, n = 356) were used for the comparisons, patients in the study group were significantly more likely to have an abnormal follow-up Pap test result than the control group patients (24.9% vs 7.6%, P < 0.0001); this was primarily attributable to the more frequent repeat interpretations of ASGUS in the former group (20.5% vs 5.1 %, P < 0.0001). The HR HPV detection rates in the follow-up ASGUS cases were not significantly different between the study and control groups. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the diagnostic frequencies of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL). No examples of HGSIL or invasive cancer were identified in the follow-up of either group. All comparisons of statistical significance retained their significance when only I follow-up Pap test per patient, the most severe interpretation, was used. Our findings suggest that some significant differences exist between these 2 groups, most notably the comparatively increased frequency of repeat ASGUS interpretations in the study group. However, the extraordinary rarity of the most clinically significant interpretations of HGSIL and carcinoma in this setting can be confirmed because no such cases were identified during the follow-up of either group. C1 [Rodriguez, Rosemarie; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rodriguez, Rosemarie] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Pathol Program, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31804216b8 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 248AT UT WOS:000252124400018 PM 18156984 ER PT J AU Boulware, D Salerno, J Zumel, N Manno, M AF Boulware, Douglas Salerno, John Zumel, Nina Manno, Michael TI Buddy: Harnessing the power of the Internet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The Internet has become a way of life. In the past, when someone wanted to perform research he or she would go to the library, and proceed to the card catalogue to locate a book or to a set of periodicals for magazines. Today we sit in front of our computer, launch our Internet browser, bring up a search engine, and perform various searches by entering a simple keyword, phrase, or more complex Boolean expression. The Internet can be a great asset by significantly cutting the time-consuming burden of finding relevant documents/papers; however, how do we know where and what we are searching? How many times do we perform a query and get irrelevant documents? In this article we investigate today's search engines, what is meant by coverage, and what metasearch engines bring to the table. We also look at both their abilities and deficiencies and present a capability that attempts to put more power at the finger tips of the user. This capability is what we call "Buddy." (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Boulware, Douglas; Salerno, John; Manno, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Zumel, Nina] Quimba Software, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome Res Site, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM DBoulware@HPTI.com; john.salemo@rl.af.mil; Zumel@quimba.com; Michael.Manno@rl.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0884-8173 J9 INT J INTELL SYST JI Int. J. Intell. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 82 EP 111 DI 10.1002/int.20249 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 244FC UT WOS:000251850800005 ER PT J AU Plunkett, B Cazacu, O Barlat, F AF Plunkett, B. Cazacu, O. Barlat, F. TI Orthotropic yield criteria for description of the anisotropy in tension and compression of sheet metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE hexagonal metals; tension/compression asymmetry; anisotropic yield function; linear transformations ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; REPRESENTATION; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; STRESS AB In this paper, yield functions describing the anisotropic behavior of textured metals are proposed. These yield functions are extensions to orthotropy of the isotropic yield function proposed by Cazacu et al. (Cazacu, O., Plunkett, B., Barlat, F., 2006. Orthotropic yield criterion for hexagonal close packed metals. Int. J. Plasticity 22, 1171-1194). Anisotropy is introduced using linear transformations of the stress deviator. It is shown that the proposed anisotropic yield functions represent with great accuracy both the tensile and compressive anisotropy in yield stresses and r-values of materials with hcp crystal structure and of metal sheets with cubic crystal structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed formulations can describe very accurately the anisotropic behavior of metal sheets whose tensile and compressive stresses are equal. It was shown that the accuracy in the description of the details of the flow and r-values anisotropy in both tension and compression can be further increased if more than two linear transformations are included in the formulation. If the in-plane anisotropy of the sheet in tension and compression is not very strong, the yield criterion CPB06ex2 provides a very good description of the main trends. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Plunkett, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Cazacu, O.] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Barlat, F.] Alcoa Inc, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Div Mat Sci, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Plunkett, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM brian.plunkett@eglin.af.mil RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Barlat, Frederic/0000-0002-4463-3454 NR 25 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 847 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.07.013 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 276CL UT WOS:000254118800005 ER PT J AU Foster, ST Ogden, J AF Foster, S. Thomas, Jr. Ogden, Jeffrey TI On differences in how operations and supply chain managers approach quality management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE supply chain quality; quality management; production management; operations management; supply chain management ID PERFORMANCE; INTEGRATION; LOGISTICS; ALLIANCES; PRODUCT; SUCCESS; ISSUES; IMPACT AB In this research, we administered surveys to operations and supply chain managers from different companies to better understand how they approached quality management. The underlying research question was whether the increased emphasis in supply chain management in the workplace had implications for how quality management is practiced and how quality-related values are emphasised. We found that those who identified themselves as supply chain managers utilised and emphasised quality tools and values to a greater extent than those who identified themselves as operations managers. The tools emphasised by supply chain managers included benchmarking, complaint resolution, design for the environment, ERP, supplier development, focus groups, and supply chain management. The primary theoretical implication of this study is that there exists an emerging field that we can term 'supply chain quality'. This study provides a preliminary outline of the domain of this field. C1 [Foster, S. Thomas, Jr.] Brigham Young Univ, Marriott Sch Management, Dept Business Management, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ogden, Jeffrey] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, ST (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Marriott Sch Management, Dept Business Management, 689 Tanner Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_foster@byu.edu NR 93 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 24 BP 6945 EP 6961 DI 10.1080/00207540802010815 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 367SL UT WOS:000260572700008 ER PT J AU Swanson, GP Thompson, IM Tangen, C Parade, J Canby-Hagino, E Crawford, ED Miller, G Lucia, MS Forman, J Chin, J AF Swanson, G. P. Thompson, I. M. Tangen, C. Parade, J. Canby-Hagino, E. Crawford, E. D. Miller, G. Lucia, M. S. Forman, J. Chin, J. TI Update of SWOG 8794: Adjuvant radiotherapy for pT3 prostate cancer improves metastasis free survival SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 [Swanson, G. P.; Thompson, I. M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Tangen, C.] SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. [Parade, J.] Kansas City Community Clin Oncol Program, Kansas City, KS USA. [Canby-Hagino, E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Crawford, E. D.; Miller, G.; Lucia, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Forman, J.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Chin, J.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 SU S BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.835 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 342TB UT WOS:000258805300069 ER PT J AU Bahar, E Crittenden, P AF Bahar, E. Crittenden, P. TI Backscatter cross sections of composite random rough surfaces based on the selection of variational parameters to determine the surface height spectral densities of the larger- and smaller-scale surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FULL-WAVE APPROACH; SCATTERING; MODULATION; SLOPE AB No single scattering theory can be used to evaluate the scatter cross sections of surfaces with multiple scales of roughness. In this paper a two-scale unified full-wave approach is used to evaluate the backscatter cross sections for vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The total cross sections are expressed analytically as weighted sums of a tilt-modulated smaller-scale surface height backscatter cross section and a larger-scale surface physical optics backscatter cross section, reduced by the square of the smaller-scale surface characteristic function. Consistent with the large radii of curvature criteria, only the slopes of the larger-scale surface contribute to tilt modulation. Unlike the conventional hybrid perturbation/physical optics solutions, the unified full-wave approach used here is not restricted to small Rayleigh roughness parameters. The total surface is decomposed continuously and smoothly into smaller- and larger-scale surfaces. It is shown that the total backscatter cross sections are stationary over a very broad range of the variational parameters, proportional to the ratio of the mean square slopes or heights of the larger-scale surface and the total surface. At grazing angles of incidence, the vertically and horizontally polarized cross sections are shown to be of the same order of magnitude, consistent with recent experimental data. This is because at grazing angles, tilt modulation impacts significantly on the horizontally polarized cross sections and marginally upon the vertically polarized cross sections. This is consistent with the observation that the original full-wave solutions (that do not account for tilt modulation) underestimate the values for the horizontally polarized cross sections. These investigations also impact on the feasibility of relating the backscatter cross sections to the remote sensing of soil moisture content. C1 [Bahar, E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Bahar, E.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Electroopt, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Crittenden, P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bahar, E (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, 209N WSEC, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ebahar1@unl.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 479 EP 497 DI 10.1080/01431160701241712 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251BV UT WOS:000252346500012 ER PT J AU Shelley, ML Wagner, AJ Hussain, SM Bleckmann, C AF Shelley, Michael L. Wagner, Andrew J. Hussain, Saber M. Bleckmann, Charles TI Modeling the In Vivo Case with In Vitro Nanotoxicity Data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Immunodeficiency; Lung; Nanoparticles; Nanotoxicity; Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES AB As more in vitro nanotoxicity data appear in the literature, these findings must be translated to in vivo effects to define nanoparticle exposure risk. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has played a significant role in guiding and validating in vivo studies for molecular chemical exposure and can develop as a significant tool in guiding similar nanotoxicity studies. This study models the population dynamics of a single cell type within a specific tissue. It is the first attempt to model the in vitro effects of a nanoparticle exposure, in this case aluminum (80 nm) and its impact on a population of rat alveolar macrophages (Wagner et al. 2007, J. Phys. Chem. B 111:7353-7359). The model demonstrates how in vitro data can be used within a simulation setting of in vivo cell dynamics and suggests that PBPK models should be developed quickly to interpret nanotoxicity data, guide in vivo study design, and accelerate nanoparticle risk assessment. C1 [Shelley, Michael L.] AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shelley, ML (reprint author), AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Shelley@afit.edu RI Bleckmann, Charles/A-7447-2009 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 359 EP 367 AR PII 906041115 DI 10.1080/10915810802503487 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 376OI UT WOS:000261192500002 PM 19037806 ER PT J AU Guarnieri, JA Cizmas, PG AF Guarnieri, Jason A. Cizmas, Paul G. TI A method for reducing jet engine thermal signature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article AB The protection of aircraft against shoulder fired heat seeking missiles is of growing concern in the aviation community. This paper presents a simple method for shielding the infrared signature of a jet engine from heat seeking missiles, by using water injection. The experimental results presented herein were obtained using a small (1 kN thrust) turbojet. Water was first injected at a mass flow rate of 13% of the mass flow rate of exhaust gases, reducing the temperature and producing some shielding. Water was then injected through a manifold at a mass flow rate of 118% of the mass flow rate of exhaust gases; producing a substantial reduction in temperature and complete shielding of the infrared signature. Results are presented in the form of thermocouple data and thermal images from the experiments. C1 [Guarnieri, Jason A.; Cizmas, Paul G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Guarnieri, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312DP UT WOS:000256649600001 ER PT B AU Helton, J Chen, CIH Lin, DM Tsui, JBY AF Helton, James Chen, Chien-In Henry Lin, David M. Tsui, James B. Y. GP IEEE TI FPGA-based 1.2 GHz bandwidth digital instantaneous frequency measurement receiver SO ISQED 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON QUALITY ELECTRONIC DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Int Soc Qual Elect Design, IEEE CASS, ACM SIGDA, SEMI, Synopsys, Microsoft, Mentor Graph, MVGMV, ponte, EDACafe com, Cadence AB Digital wideband receivers are essential elements used in electronic warfare applications. Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) receivers are suitable for use in EW systems due to the ultra-wideband instantaneous radio-frequency (RF) bandwidth, fine-frequency resolution, and moderately high sensitivity and dynamic range. Conventional IFM receivers use analog components such as power dividers, crystal video detectors, and hybrids. This paper presents the architecture and design implementation of a patented "digital IFM receiver" algorithm. The invention is capable of detecting short wave pulse or CW signal of 1.2 GHz bandwidth with a major error within 2 MHz for every 100 nsec. C1 [Helton, James; Chen, Chien-In Henry] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Lin, David M.; Tsui, James B. Y.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RF Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Helton, J (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU NEWSTARS, DoD, Air Force Research Lab FX This work was supported in part by the program of NEWSTARS, DoD, Air Force Research Lab. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3117-5 PY 2008 BP 568 EP + DI 10.1109/ISQED.2008.162 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHP22 UT WOS:000255151700106 ER PT B AU Hamilton, HH Kurdila, AJ Jammulamadaka, AK AF Hamilton, Howard H. Kurdila, Andrew J. Jammulamadaka, Anand K. BE Morrison, JF Birch, DM Lavoie, P TI A switched reduced-order dynamical system for fluid flows under time-varying flow conditions SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON FLOW CONTROL AND MEMS SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Flow Control and MEMS CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Royal Geog Soc, London, ENGLAND SP IUTAM, Imperial Coll HO Royal Geog Soc DE reduced-order models; dynamical systems; cavity flow AB We develop a collection of reduced-order models for fluid systems that operate under time-varying flow and actuation parameters. A switched dynamical system is formulated that is a combination of reduced-order models valid for specific parametric subspaces and discrete switching logic. An open-loop simulation of the switched dynamical system on a two-sided driven cavity demonstrates the system's ability to capture the evolution of the flow and input parameters in the full-order model. C1 [Hamilton, Howard H.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kurdila, Andrew J.; Jammulamadaka, Anand K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hamilton, HH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM howard.hamilton@eglin.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6857-7 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2008 VL 7 BP 349 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6858-4_41 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHI97 UT WOS:000253471500041 ER PT J AU Keeney, JT AF Keeney, James T. TI Satellite Proximity Detection Using Multi-Function Space-Based Sensors SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB As countries enter into space programs, both low earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellites are increasingly subjected to an ever-increasing risk of collision with resident space objects. Sensors are becoming necessary to observe and measure the proximity of a satellite to determine the risks posed from kinetically approaching manmade and natural hazards. Volume, mass, and power on satellites is limited and risk management approaches tend to remove such sensors from satellite systems. With newer system engineering approaches, however, the traditional sensors used for navigation and measurement can be modified to sense the environment for hazards and obtain more information from what was previously a single function device. C1 [Keeney, James T.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.keeney@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The author thanks Northrop Grumman for permission to present their antenna component as an illustration and the Air Force Research Laboratory for financial support. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.2514/1.30612 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FI UT WOS:000271073100001 ER PT J AU Patel, MP Ng, TT Vasudevan, S Corke, TC Post, ML McLaughlin, TE Suchomel, CF AF Patel, Mehul P. Ng, T. Terry Vasudevan, Srikanth Corke, Thomas C. Post, Martiqua L. McLaughlin, Thomas E. Suchomel, Charles F. TI Scaling effects of an aerodynamic plasma actuator SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PERIODIC EXCITATION; SEPARATION; STALL; DELAY AB We present experimental results to yield insight into the scalability and control effectiveness of single-dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators for leading-edge separation control on airfoils. The parameters investigated are chord Reynolds number, Mach number, leading-edge radius, actuator amplitude, and unsteady frequency. This includes chord Reynolds numbers up to 1.0 x 106 and a maximum freestream speed of 60 m/s corresponding to a Mach number of 0.176. The main objective of this work is to examine the voltage requirements for the plasma actuators to reattach the flow at the leading edge of airfoils at poststall angles of attack for a range of How parameters in order to establish scaling between laboratory and full-flight conditions. For the full range of conditions, an optimum unsteady actuator frequency f is found to minimize the actuator voltage needed to reattach the flow, such that F+ =fL(sep)/U-infinity = 1. At the optimum frequencies, the minimum voltage required to reattach the How is weakly dependent on chord Reynolds number and strongly dependent on the poststall angle of attack and leading-edge radius. The results indicate that the voltage required to reattach the flow scales as the square of the leading-edge radius. C1 [Patel, Mehul P.; Ng, T. Terry; Vasudevan, Srikanth] Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. [Corke, Thomas C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Hessert Lab Aerosp Res 101, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Post, Martiqua L.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlin, Thomas E.] USAF Acad, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Suchomel, Charles F.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, MP (reprint author), Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, 4415 Euclid Ave,Suite 500, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.2514/1.31830 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TC UT WOS:000252820400022 ER PT J AU Reeder, MF Allen, W Phillips, JM Dimmick, R AF Reeder, Mark F. Allen, Walter Phillips, J. Michael Dimmick, Robert TI Wind-tunnel measurements of the E-8C modeled with and without winglets SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States Air Force Test and Evaluation Days Meeting CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Destin, FL SP US Air Force C1 [Reeder, Mark F.; Allen, Walter; Phillips, J. Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, J. Michael] Joint STARS Test Force, Melbourne, FL USA. [Dimmick, Robert] Northrop Grumman Integtrated Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Reeder, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.2514/1.34016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TC UT WOS:000252820400035 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Coop, CA Tankersley, MS AF Calabria, Christopher W. Coop, Christopher A. Tankersley, Michael S. TI The GILL study: Glycerin-induced local reactions in immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycerin; local reactions; large local reactions; immunotherapy ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; INJECTIONS; EXTRACTS AB Background: The mechanism of local reactions is not well defined. Glycerin, an excellent preservative used commonly in immunotherapy extracts, is a recognized irritant. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine whether higher glycerin concentration in immunotherapy extracts is associated with an increase in local reaction rates during immunotherapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic immunotherapy records over a 12-month period was performed from a single site. A small local reaction was defined as induration and/or erythema at the injection site smaller than or equal to the size of the patient's palm. A large local reaction was defined as a reaction larger than the patient's palm. Results: Over the 12-month period, 360 patients received a total of 9678 immunotherapy injections. For all injections, the total local reaction rate was 16.3% (1574/9678), the small local reaction rate was 15.9% (1536/9678), and the large local reaction rate was 0.4% (38/9678). For aeroallergens, small local reaction rates increased significantly with increasing allergen concentrations, from 7.3% (1:1000 vol/vol) to 23.0% (1:1 vol/ vol; P < .001). The small local reaction rate was higher with increasing allergen content but not higher glycerin concentration. Large local reactions were infrequent and did not significantly increase with allergen or glycerin concentration. Conclusions: Small local, but not large local, reaction rates increase with higher allergen concentration, number, and volume. Higher glycerin concentrations (even 50%) are not associated with significantly higher small or large local reaction rates. C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Coop, Christopher A.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.016 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 251KM UT WOS:000252372000034 PM 17919703 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Roy, AK AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Roy, A. K. TI A functionally graded plane with a circular inclusion under uniform antiplane eigenstrain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE functionally graded material; Eshelby eigenstrain; circular inclusion; antiplane deformation ID ARBITRARY SHAPE; ESHELBY PROBLEM; HALF-PLANES AB The problem of a functionally graded plane with a circular inclusion under a uniform antiplane eigenstrain is investigated where the shear modulus varies exponentially along the x direction. By introducing a new function which satisfies the Helmholtz equation, the general solution to the original problem is derived in terms Of series expansion. Numerical results are then presented which demonstrate clearly that for a functionally graded plane, the strain and stress fields inside the circular inclusion under uniform antiplane eigenstrains are intrinsically nonuniform. This phenomenon differs from the corresponding homogeneous material case where both the strain and stress fields are uniform inside the circular inclusion. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Roy, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1115/1.2745391 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 290OP UT WOS:000255132400023 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Heidger, S Cartwright, K Vaia, R Liptak, D Price, G LaCour, M Golby, K AF Shiffler, Don Heidger, Susan Cartwright, Keith Vaia, Rich Liptak, David Price, Gary LaCour, Matthew Golby, Ken TI Materials characteristics and surface morphology of a cesium iodide coated carbon velvet cathode SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA FORMATION; EMISSION AB Cesium iodide (CsI) coated carbon fiber cathodes have shown promise as a cold cathode for microwave and x-ray devices. In particular, the cathodes have demonstrated over 1 000 000 shots lifetime at operating voltages at or in excess of 165 kV and current densities greater than 25 A/cm(2). While the vacuum emission characteristics have been well studied, the materials characteristics of the cathodes themselves, particularly after operation, have received little attention. Furthermore, while researchers at University of Wisconsin have demonstrated a reduction in work function of carbon due to the CsI coating, the details of the emission mechanism remain poorly understood. This article gives results of a series of materials diagnostics investigating the cathode surface morphology as well as the changes in the carbon fiber structure with cathode shot history. We demonstrate that the cathode surface undergoes several changes in relation to the bond line along the fiber-substrate interface as well as at the fiber tips. While the exact mechanisms leading to these changes have not been determined, we offer several possible explanations for the changes, as well as the means by which these mechanisms can be ascertained. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shiffler, Don; Heidger, Susan; Cartwright, Keith] USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vaia, Rich; Liptak, David; Price, Gary] USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LaCour, Matthew; Golby, Ken] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, 3550 Aberdeen SE,Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM don.shiffler@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013302 DI 10.1063/1.2821152 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700017 ER PT J AU Foster, MS Schott, JR Messinger, D AF Foster, Michael S. Schott, John R. Messinger, DavidW. TI Spin-image target detection algorithm applied to low density 3D point clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Lidar; spin-image; point cloud ID OBJECT RECOGNITION AB Target detection in 3-dimensional (3D), irregular point cloud data sets is an emerging field of study among the remote sensing community. Airborne topographic light detection and ranging (i.e., Lidar) systems are capable of scanning areas with single-pass post spacings on the order 0.2 m. Unfortunately, many of the current spatial search algorithms require higher spatial resolutions on a target object in order to achieve robust detection performance with low false alarm levels. This paper explores the application of Johnson's spin-image surface matching algorithm to low density point clouds for the purpose of providing a preliminary spatial cue to a secondary sensor. In the event that this sensor is an imaging device, a method is presented for transforming 3D points into a fixed, gridded coordinate system relative to the second sensor. C1 [Foster, Michael S.; Schott, John R.; Messinger, DavidW.] Rochester Inst Technol, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Foster, Michael S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023539 DI 10.1117/1.3002398 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200044 ER PT J AU Autry, CW Griffis, SE AF Autry, Chad W. Griffis, Stanley E. TI SUPPLY CHAIN CAPITAL: THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL AND RELATIONAL LINKAGES ON FIRM EXECUTION AND INNOVATION SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE Relationships; Social capital; Social networks; Supply chain capital; Supply chain networks; Supply chain structure ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; MARKETING CHANNELS; WEAK TIES; EMBEDDEDNESS; KNOWLEDGE; PERFORMANCE; GOVERNANCE; HOLES; MANAGEMENT; SEEKING AB Firms invest millions of dollars annually in developing their supply chains, with the broad goal of increasing their own performance. However, despite the significant resources deployed for supply chain development, the extent to which initiating, maintaining, and managing supply chain relationships contributes to firm success remains unclear. The current article provides conceptual development supporting the valuation of firm-to-firm supply chain connections from the perspective of the focal firm. Based on the social network and economics literatures, the article introduces the concept of supply chain capital, which comprises the value of both the structural configuration and relationship content of the firm's supply chain network. Following theoretical development, a non-exhaustive set of propositions are constructed illustrating multiple ways that supply chain capital can be accrued and exploited for firm-level benefit. Managerial recommendations for investment in supply chain capital are included, as are future directions for research in the area of supply chain networks. C1 [Autry, Chad W.] Texas Christian Univ, Neeley Sch Business, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Griffis, Stanley E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Autry, CW (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Neeley Sch Business, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. NR 76 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 49 PU CSCMP-COUNCIL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS PI LOMBARD PA 333 E BUTTERFIELD RD, STE 140, LOMBARD, IL 60148-5617 USA SN 0735-3766 J9 J BUS LOGIST JI J. Bus. Logist. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 157 EP + PG 18 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 544CJ UT WOS:000273629300008 ER PT J AU Baird, L Fagin, B AF Baird, Leemon Fagin, Barry TI Conservation Functions for 1-D Automata: Efficient Algorithms, New Results, and a Partial Taxonomy SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA LA English DT Article DE Cellular automata; conservation functions; linear algebra; classification scheme; taxonomy ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA AB We present theorems that can be used for improved efficiency in the calculation of conservation functions for cellular automata. We report results obtained from implementations of algorithms based on these theorems that show conservation laws for 1-D cellular automata of higher order than any previously known. We introduce the notion of trivial and core conservation functions to distinguish truly new conservation functions from simple extensions of lower-order ones. We then present the complete list of conservation functions up to order 16 for the 256 elementary 1-d binary cellular automata. These include CAs that were not previously known to have nontrivial conservation functions. C1 [Baird, Leemon; Fagin, Barry] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM barry.fagin@usaf.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1557-5969 J9 J CELL AUTOM JI J. Cell. Autom. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 271 EP 288 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 451BU UT WOS:000266446500001 ER PT J AU Bishop, MA Macula, AJ Renz, TE Ufimtsev, VV AF Bishop, Morgan A. Macula, Anthony J. Renz, Thomas E. Ufimtsev, Vladimir V. TI Hypothesis group testing for disjoint pairs SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE group testing; complexes; nonadaptive; pooling; random algorithms AB Classical group testing (CGT) is a widely applicable biotechnical technique used to identify a small number of distinguished objects from a population when the presence of any one of these distinguished objects among a group of others produces an observable result. This paper discusses a variant of CGT called group testing for disjoint pairs (GTAP). The difference between the two is that in GTDP, the distinguished items are pairs from, not individual objects in, the population. There are several biological examples of when this abstract model applies. One biological example is DNA hybridization. The presence of pairs of hybridized DNA strands can be detected in a pool of DNA strands. Another situation is the detection of binding interactions between prey and bait proteins. This paper gives a random pooling method, similar in spirit to hypothesis testing, which identifies pairs of objects from a population that collectively have an observable function. This method is simply to apply, achieves good results, is amenable to automation and can be easily modified to compensate for testing errors. C1 [Macula, Anthony J.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Math, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Bishop, Morgan A.] JEANSEE, Geneseo, NY USA. [Renz, Thomas E.; Ufimtsev, Vladimir V.] USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Math, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM morgan.bishop@rl.af.mil; macula@geneseo.edu; thomas.renz@rl.af.mil; ufimtsev.v@neu.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6905 J9 J COMB OPTIM JI J. Comb. Optim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10878-007-9081-5 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 241FZ UT WOS:000251643600002 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Rueggeberg, FA AF Vandewalle, Kraig S. Roberts, Howard W. Rueggeberg, Frederick A. TI Power distribution across the face of different light guides and its effect on composite surface microhardness SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CURING UNITS; DISTANCE; DEPTH; CURE AB Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of light guide type on the distribution of irradiant emission from a light-emitting diode (LED) curing light and to measure the effect of light dispersion on surface microhardness across the top and bottom surfaces of two types of composite resins. Materials and Methods: A laser beam analyzer (LBA-700, Spiricon) was used to evaluate light distribution (Top Hat factor [THF]) across the distal surface of a standard and turbo light guide from an LED curing light (Bluephase, Ivoclar Vivadent). Composites (Z100 [hybrid], A110 [microfill]; 3M ESPE) were placed in blackened rings (2 x 11 mm) and exposed at 0 mm for 5 seconds (Z100) or 15 seconds (A110) using the light guides at similar irradiance, energy density, and exit diameters (N = 5). Similar irradiance values were produced by using the turbo light guide on the "low power" setting of the curing light and the "high power" setting when using the standard light guide. THF values were analyzed with an unpaired t-test. Knoop hardness (KHN) was determined on the top and bottom surfaces (Leco) in 1-mm lateral increments from the specimen center and proceeding 4 mm in both east-west and north-south directions. The effects of the major factors (light guide type and lateral distance) on the hardness of each composite were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a two-tailed, unpaired Dunnett's t-test determined when lateral hardness values significantly differed from that at the specimen center. The percentage difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) hardness values for each specimen, with respect to distance from specimen center, and the percentage decrease for the standard and turbo light guides, with respect to both composite resin types, were compared using ANOVA and the Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: The standard guide had a significantly higher (i.e., more uniform light distribution) THF than did the turbo tip (p < 0.001). For the microfill, significant differences in hardness were found based on the distance from the specimen center (p < 0.0001), and with respect to the top or bottom surfaces (p < 0.0001). However, no difference was found between the two types of light guides (p = 0.939). For the hybrid, significant differences in hardness were found based on lateral distance (p < 0.001), surface (p < 0.001), and light guide type (p = 0.045).However, for both composites, significant interactions were present. Significant differences were found between hardness at the specimen center and at various lateral distances, depending on composite type, surface, and light guide type. The percent age max-min hardness decrease across the surface was significantly less for the standard light guide (p < 0.0001) and at the top surface (p < 0.02) with both composite resin types. Also, the least percentage max-min hardness decrease occurred on the top surface of the microfill material (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The standard light guide produced a more homogeneous distribution of light across the tip end compared with the turbo light guide, based on the THF. Composite surface hardness patterns correlated with the applied irradiance distribution profiles, yielding greater hardness at higher irradiance locations for both top and bottom surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Light guide selection may influence the uniformity of surface and subsurface hardness when light-curing composite resin restorations. C1 [Vandewalle, Kraig S.] USAF, Dent Corps, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Corps, Great Lakes NTC, IL USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes NTC, IL USA. [Rueggeberg, Frederick A.] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2008.00160.x PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 283CK UT WOS:000254614000007 PM 18380841 ER PT J AU Oldham, D Crawford, P Nichols, W AF Oldham, David Crawford, Paul Nichols, William TI What is the best portable method of purifying water to prevent infectious disease? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Oldham, David] Malstrom AFB, Med Grp 341, Malstrom AFB, MT USA. [Crawford, Paul] Nellis AFB, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Nichols, William] Eglin AFB, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Oldham, D (reprint author), Malstrom AFB, Med Grp 341, Malstrom AFB, MT USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1 BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 257MY UT WOS:000252804400013 PM 18171570 ER PT J AU Haverluk, T Trautman, LD AF Haverluk, Terrence W. Trautman, Laurie D. TI The Changing Geography of US Hispanics from 1990-2006: A Shift to the South and Midwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hispanics; immigration; assimilation; economic restructuring; gateway communities ID NORTH-CAROLINA AB Between 1990 and 2000 the U.S. Hispanic population increased by 14 million, which is the largest decadal population rise in United States history. This increase was not spread evenly throughout the United States, nor was it isolated to locations that already had large Hispanic populations. On the contrary, areas that previously had a relatively small Hispanic population experienced large percentage increases. In this article the regional variability in Hispanic population growth is explored, along with an emphasis on the economic pull factors driving those demographic changes. This analysis illustrates how restructuring in the meatpacking industry, and the associated economic impacts, have created a dependence on a low wage, illegal labor force that has shaped the recent demographic trend in the South and Midwest. C1 [Trautman, Laurie D.] Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Haverluk, T (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 87 EP 101 AR PII 905986236 DI 10.1080/00221340802208804 PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA 376NH UT WOS:000261189800002 ER PT J AU Bouchat, C AF Bouchat, Clarence J. TI Geography, the Integrating Discipline: Explaining China's Population-Driven Geopolitics to Students SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE demography; geopolitics; natural resources; economic geography; China ID 5 REASONS AB This article demonstrates geography's role as an integrative discipline and its utility in connecting students to the world around them. A case study links China's demography and its geopolitics to the lives of U.S. students. The relationship of China's population pressures to its resulting economic growth, need for economic resources, and geopolitical efforts are examined using the concepts and holistic capabilities that are the academic strength of geography. C1 [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Harrisburg Area Commun Coll, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Bouchat, Clarence J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bouchat, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PY 2008 VL 107 IS 4-5 BP 142 EP 153 AR PII 906549552 DI 10.1080/00221340802526098 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 383GN UT WOS:000261662200003 ER PT J AU Hu, KQ Schiff, ER Kowdley, KV Min, A Schiffman, ML Lee, WM Goodman, ZD Dau, LO Peschell, KJ Flaherty, JF AF Hu, K. -Q. Schiff, E. R. Kowdley, K. V. Min, A. Schiffman, M. L. Lee, W. M. Goodman, Z. D. Dau, L. O. Peschell, K. J. Flaherty, J. F. TI Histologic evidence of active liver injury in HBeAG-positive and HBeAG-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or minimally elevated alanine transaminase SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 23-27, 2008 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Hu, K. -Q.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Schiff, E. R.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Kowdley, K. V.] Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Min, A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Schiffman, M. L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Lee, W. M.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Goodman, Z. D.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Dau, L. O.; Peschell, K. J.; Flaherty, J. F.] Gilead Sci, Foster City, CA USA. EM kqhu@hs.uci.edu; lauren.dau@gilead.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2008 VL 48 SU 2 MA 653 BP S243 EP S243 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(08)60655-8 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 312PL UT WOS:000256683201144 ER PT J AU Younossi, ZM Jarrar, M Nugent, C Randhawa, M Afendy, M Stepanova, M Afendy, A Rafiq, N Goodman, Z Chandhoke, V Baranova, A AF Younossi, Z. M. Jarrar, M. Nugent, C. Randhawa, M. Afendy, M. Stepanova, M. Afendy, A. Rafiq, N. Goodman, Z. Chandhoke, V. Baranova, A. TI Validation of a diagnostic biomarker panel for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 23-27, 2008 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Younossi, Z. M.; Nugent, C.; Afendy, M.; Stepanova, M.; Afendy, A.; Rafiq, N.; Baranova, A.] Inova Fairfax Hosp, Ctr Liver Dis, Falls Church, VA USA. [Younossi, Z. M.; Jarrar, M.; Randhawa, M.; Chandhoke, V.; Baranova, A.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Study Genom Liver Dis, Mol & Microbiol Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Younossi, Z. M.; Jarrar, M.; Nugent, C.; Randhawa, M.; Afendy, M.; Stepanova, M.; Afendy, A.; Rafiq, N.; Chandhoke, V.; Baranova, A.] Inova Hlth Syst, Translat Res Inst, Falls Church, VA USA. [Goodman, Z.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM zobair.younossi@inova.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2008 VL 48 SU 2 MA 31 BP S14 EP S15 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(08)60033-1 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 312PL UT WOS:000256683200032 ER PT J AU de Souza, EP Tyree, MM Shoemaker, MT Gong, AK AF de Souza, E. Ponce Tyree, M. M. Shoemaker, M. T. Gong, A. K. TI Alveolar capillary dysplasia and new associated findings SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [de Souza, E. Ponce; Gong, A. K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Tyree, M. M.; Shoemaker, M. T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 205 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301353 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JE DiGeronimo, RJ King, JM AF Gonzalez, J. E. DiGeronimo, R. J. King, J. M. TI Effects of oxidative stress on tight junction function and composition in lung epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Gonzalez, J. E.; DiGeronimo, R. J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gonzalez, J. E.; King, J. M.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 309 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301456 ER PT J AU Gillette, R Messier, S AF Gillette, R. Messier, S. TI Attenuation of high frequency ventilator pressure amplitude by the endotracheal tube in a neonatal test lung model SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Gillette, R.; Messier, S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 407 BP 479 EP 479 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301554 ER PT J AU Messier, SE Gillette, RK AF Messier, S. E. Gillette, R. K. TI Effect of lung impedance on tidal volume output of two high frequency ventilators in a neonatal test lung model SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Messier, S. E.; Gillette, R. K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 MA 408 BP 479 EP 479 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 257IV UT WOS:000252793301555 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR AF Luckarift, Heather R. TI Silica-immobilized enzyme reactors SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Review DE biocatalysis; biosilica; drug discovery; enzyme reactors; IMER; immobilized enzymes ID ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PENICILLIN-G ACYLASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENYLETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS; DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS AB Recent studies have demonstrated the applicability and versatility of immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) for chemical and biochemical synthesis and analysis. The majority of IMER systems rely on enzymes immobilized to packed matrices within flow-through devices. This review focuses primarily on the use of silica as a support for enzyme immobilization and specific applications of the resulting silica-based IMERs. A number of recently published examples (2000 onwards) are discussed as model systems. The effect of various silica matrices and immobilization techniques upon the enzymatic properties and stability of the biocatalysts is considered. In addition, reports in which the carrier matrix is biologically-derived silica are highlighted as an alternative and versatile technique that provides advantageous recovery, reuse and reproducibility. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 116 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 1568 EP 1592 DI 10.1080/10826070802125959 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 317XK UT WOS:000257053500002 ER PT J AU Sherry, CJ Cook, MC Jauchem, JR Brown, GC Whitmore, HB Edrids, RW AF Sherry, Clifford J. Cook, Michael C. Jauchem, James R. Brown, G. Carroll Whitmore, Henry B. Edrids, Robert W. TI The effects of infrasound on rhesus monkey performance of a continuous compensatory tracking task SO JOURNAL OF LOW FREQUENCY NOISE VIBRATION AND ACTIVE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; EXPOSURE AB Background: Potential bio-behavioral effects of infrasonic energy (< 20 Hz) have generally been considered to be due to extra-aural (non-hearing) mechanisms. Since systems that deliver acoustic energy, including infrasound, are being considered for use as non-lethal weapons, it is important to elucidate the possible aural and extra-aural effects of such energy. Methods: Subjects (5 adult male rhesus monkeys) engaged in a continuous compensatory tracking task. The effect of short-term exposure to high-intensity infrasound (160 dB), using a custom-made system, on tracking task performance was measured. The effects of the infrasound exposure on auditory measures (otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem evoked potentials) were also examined. Results: Tracking behavior of the subjects was substantially disrupted by exposure to 10-Hz infrasound at 160 dB. There was no evidence of my post-exposure alterations in tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, or in auditory brainstem evoked potentials. Conclusions: Although the present experiments showed significant effects on performance, further experiments using larger working volumes would have to be undertaken to address the potential uses of such a device. C1 [Cook, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Sherry, Clifford J.; Brown, G. Carroll] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Whitmore, Henry B.] Whitmore Enterprises Inc, San Antonio, TX 78264 USA. [Edrids, Robert W.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), AFRL HEDR 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MULTI SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0263-0923 J9 J LOW FREQ NOISE V A JI J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act. Control PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1260/026309208784425488 PG 12 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 306UJ UT WOS:000256273000003 ER PT J AU Jeon, S So, G Anandakathir, R Canteenwala, T Tan, LS Pritzker, K Chiang, LY AF Jeon, Seaho So, Grace Anandakathir, Robinson Canteenwala, Taizoon Tan, Loon-Seng Pritzker, Kenneth Chiang, Long Y. TI Synthesis and characterization of C-60 dyads with highly photoactive dicyanoethylenylated diphenylaminofluorene chromophore antenna SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukant K Tripathy CY NOV 30, 2007 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE C-60 dyads; diphenylaminofluorene; photoactive antenna; photonic fullerenyl nanomaterials ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; FUNCTIONALIZED C-60; FULLERENE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; PORPHYRIN; ACCEPTOR AB We designed and synthesized a novel class of highly photoactive C-60(>CPAF-C-n) nanostructures for their potential uses as photonic materials, using CPAF-C-n chromophore as the light-harvesting antenna. It is a part of our research effort on developing C-60(>DPAF-C-n)-based nonlinear photonic organics. We extended the structural modification by chemical conversion of the keto group in C-60(>DPAF-Cn) compound to a 1,1-dicyanoethylenyl moiety with stronger electron-withdrawing ability that resulted in a largely increased electronic polarization of the chromophore conjugate. Structural characterization of several C-60(>CPAF-Cn) containing variable alkyl sidechains was made by various spectroscopic methods. Interestingly, the chemical modification leads to a large bathochromic shift of the major absorption band of C-60(>CPAF-Cn) in the visible spectrum up to 600 nm and extending the photoresponsive capability of C-60-DCE-DPAF nanostructures to longer red wavelengths than the parent C-60(>DPAF-Cn) materials. C1 [Jeon, Seaho; Anandakathir, Robinson; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [So, Grace; Pritzker, Kenneth] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [So, Grace; Pritzker, Kenneth] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1080/10601320802380125 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 355FM UT WOS:000259694800009 ER PT J AU Huang, HJ Dai, LM Wang, DH Tan, LS Osawa, E AF Huang, Houjin Dai, Liming Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Osawa, Eiji TI Large-scale self-assembly of dispersed nanodiamonds SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND POWDER; EXPLOSIVE DETONATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; SURFACE; CHEMISTRY; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SYSTEM; FILMS; FTIR; AIR AB Well-aligned rectangular-shaped nanodiamond fibers (NDFs) with a length-to-width ratio of over 1000 were formed on a large-scale via a self-assembly process by drying acid-treated nanodiamonds of a uniform size (similar to 4 nm) from an aqueous solution. Nanodiamond thin films (NDTFs), instead of NDFs, have also been prepared by drying the aqueous ND dispersion at a sufficiently low temperature (< 70 degrees C)) and/or a sufficiently low pH (< 4). Detailed conditions, including pH and temperature, for the formation of NDFs and NDTFs via the drying process, together with the structure and property of the resultant nanodiamond assemblies were investigated. The formation of NDFs and NDTFs was found to result from the delicate interplay between the ND - ND, ND - H2O, and ND - substrate interactions under the water-evaporation-induced directional convection flow. The resultant NDFs were demonstrated to show a bandgap of similar to 4.5 eV. C1 [Huang, Houjin; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] RXBP UDRI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Osawa, Eiji] NanoCarbon Res Inst Ltd, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1352 DI 10.1039/b716676a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 274EB UT WOS:000253983500008 ER PT J AU Fang, Y Poulsen, N Dickerson, MB Cai, Y Jones, SE Naik, RR Kroger, N Sandhage, KH AF Fang, Yunnan Poulsen, Nicole Dickerson, Matthew B. Cai, Ye Jones, Sharon E. Naik, Rajesh R. Kroeger, Nils Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI Identification of peptides capable of inducing the formation of titania but not silica via a subtractive bacteriophage display approach SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHAGE DISPLAY; NEUTRAL PH; OXIDE; PRECIPITATION; DIOXIDE; LIBRARY; NANOSTRUCTURES; TITANIUM(IV); MORPHOLOGY AB A "subtractive'' bacteriophage display biopanning approach has been used to identify 12-mer peptides that are capable of binding selectively to, and inducing the precipitation of, titania but not silica. Unlike the conventional bacteriophage display procedure, this approach consists of two selection steps: i) removal of phage particles containing silica-binding peptides from the phage library (the subtractive step), and then ii) isolation of phage particles bearing peptides that bind strongly to titania. While prior phage display biopanning with silica and titania targets has led to the isolation of polycationic peptides enriched in basic residues, the subtractive biopanning process yielded several acidic peptides enriched in hydroxyl-bearing residues. These peptides were found to induce the precipitation of titania, but not silica, from aqueous precursor solutions at pH 3-8. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a subtractive bacteriophage biopanning process may be used to identify specific peptides possessing the ability to induce the formation of one oxide while lacking the ability to form a second, chemically similar oxide. C1 [Fang, Yunnan; Dickerson, Matthew B.; Cai, Ye; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Poulsen, Nicole; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandhage, KH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu OI Poulsen, Nicole/0000-0002-4533-8860 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 32 BP 3871 EP 3875 DI 10.1039/b806797j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 334LD UT WOS:000258222400018 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, Jeanne T. TI Andrew Jackson and the politics of martial law: Nationalism, civil liberties, and partisanship SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Heidler, Jeanne T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 242 EP 243 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500022 ER PT J AU Osur, AM AF Osur, Alan M. TI The interpreter SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Osur, Alan M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Osur, AM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 272 EP 273 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500046 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Collisional effects on molecular dynamics in electronic-resonance-enhanced CARS SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 06-FEB 10, 2008 CL Snowbird, UT DE coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; collision; electronic quenching; molecular coherence; molecular dynamics ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; DIFFUSION FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; OH; COMBUSTION; NO AB The role of collisional decay on the evolution of molecular coherence and excited-state population in an electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) configuration is studied. A four-level model scheme is proposed and a density-matrix equation is derived to determine the system evolution. It is shown that even for significantly large collisional decays, a suitable (rather strong) probe-laser intensity prevents significant depletion of the excited-state population and enhances the ground-state coherence. A physical understanding is developed for the reported insensitivity [Roy et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 104105] of the ERE-CARS signal to the rate of collisional decay at the excited electronic level. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Roy, Sukesh; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wright.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 19-20 BP 3263 EP 3272 DI 10.1080/09500340802450581 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 385GS UT WOS:000261803300017 ER PT J AU Semet, V Binh, VT Cahay, M Garre, K Fairchild, S Grazulis, L Fraser, JW Lockwood, DJ Pramanik, S Kanchibotla, B Bandyopadhyay, S AF Semet, V. Binh, Vu Thien Cahay, M. Garre, K. Fairchild, S. Grazulis, L. Fraser, J. W. Lockwood, D. J. Pramanik, S. Kanchibotla, B. Bandyopadhyay, S. TI Field emission from self-assembled arrays of lanthanum monosulfide nanoprotrusions SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; THIN-FILMS; NANOWIRES; CATHODES AB The field emission properties of LaS nanoprotrusions called nanodomes, formed by pulsed laser deposition on porous anodic alumina films, have been analyzed with scanning anode field emission microscopy. The voltage necessary to produce a given field emission current is similar to 3.5 times less for nanodomes than for thin films. Assuming the same work function for LaS thin films and nanoprotrusions, that is, similar to 1 eV, a field enhancement factor of similar to 5.8 is extracted for the nanodome emitters from Fowler-Nordheim plots of the field emission data. This correlates well with the aspect ratio of the tallest nanodomes observed in atomic force micrograph measurements. Copyright (C) 2008 V. Semet et al. C1 [Cahay, M.; Garre, K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Semet, V.; Binh, Vu Thien] Univ Lyon 1, LPMCN CNRS, Equipe Emiss Elect, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Fairchild, S.; Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fraser, J. W.; Lockwood, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Pramanik, S.; Kanchibotla, B.; Bandyopadhyay, S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2008 AR 682920 DI 10.1155/2008/682920 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 314IG UT WOS:000256802500001 ER PT J AU Grote, JG AF Grote, James G. TI Natural nanophotonics SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FILMS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2008 VL 2 AR 020301 DI 10.1117/1.2949248 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 401HK UT WOS:000262931600002 ER PT J AU Qiang, ZX Zhou, WD Soref, RA Ma, ZQ AF Qiang, Zexuan Zhou, Weidong Soref, Richard A. Ma, Zhenqiang TI Characteristics of ultra-compact polymer modulators based on silicon photonic crystal ring resonators SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Photonic crystals; ring resonators; silicon modulators; polymer photonics; RF photonics ID CHANNEL DROP FILTER; WAVE-GUIDES; CARRIER-INJECTION; ON-INSULATOR; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; MICRORING RESONATOR; LIGHT; SLABS; CHIP; TRANSISTORS AB Ultra-compact polymer modulators were proposed and simulated, based on the hybrid integration of functional polymer materials with Si based photonic-crystal ring resonators (PCRRs). The simulations were carried out on device characteristics with an effective ring radius of 2.3 mu m and tunable polymer index from 1.785 to 1.805. Investigating the loss, the cavity quality factor Q, and the free spectral range of such PCRRs, we found a 0.02 dB intrinsic loss that is independent of diameter, unlike the loss that varies inversely with diameter in microstrip resonators. Close to 100% drop efficiency at the drop channel of 1557.5 nm was obtained by design with a high spectral selectivity of Q greater than 1319 in the single-ring PCRR-based add-drop filters with ring radius of 1.2 mu m. C1 [Qiang, Zexuan; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Soref, Richard A.] Hanscom AFB, Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, AFRL,RYHC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Ma, Zhenqiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Qiang, ZX (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu FU National Science Foundation; U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors acknowledge the helpful discussions with Drs. Zhongyan Sheng and Y. Kevin Zou at Boson Applied Technologies, Inc. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation, and by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023507 DI 10.1117/1.2943640 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 401HK UT WOS:000262931600042 ER PT J AU Bernard, TE Caravello, V Schwartz, SW Ashley, CD AF Bernard, Thomas E. Caravello, Victor Schwartz, Skai W. Ashley, Candi D. TI WBGT clothing adjustment factors for four clothing ensembles and the effects of metabolic demands SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE heat stress; metabolic rate; protective clothing; TLV AB This study measured the clothing adjustment factors (CAFs) for four clothing ensembles (Cotton Coveralls, Tyvek 1427 Coveralls, NexGen Coveralls, and Tychem QC Coveralls; all coveralls were worn without hoods) against a baseline of cotton work clothes to determine whether the CAFs would be affected by the metabolic rate. Fifteen participants wore one of the five ensembles while walking on a treadmill at low, moderate, and high rates of work in an environment maintained at 50% relative humidity. A climatic chamber was used to slowly increase the level of heat stress by increasing air temperature. When the participant's core temperature reached a steady-state, the dry bulb temperature was increased. The point at which the core temperature began to increase was defined as the inflection point, and the WBGT recorded 5 min before the inflection point was the critical WBGT for each ensemble. A three-way mixed effects linear model with ensemble by metabolic rate category interactions demonstrated that the CAF did not change with metabolic rate, so CAFs can be used over a wide range of metabolic rates. The data at the moderate metabolic rate were combined with data on 14 participants from a previous study under the same conditions. The CAFs in C WBGT were 0 for cotton coveralls, 1.0 for Tyvek 1422A, and 2.5 for NexGen. Although the value of 7.5 for Tychem QC was found, the recommendation remained at 10 to account for the effects of humidity. The standard error for the determination of WBGTcrit at 50% relative humidity was 1.60C WBGT. C1 [Bernard, Thomas E.; Schwartz, Skai W.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Caravello, Victor] USAF, AFIOH, CDO, Kadena Air Base,Det 3, Okinawa, Japan. [Ashley, Candi D.] Univ S Florida, Coll Educ, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Bernard, TE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM tbernard@health.usf.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH003983, R01-OH03983] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1080/15459620701732355 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 250ZS UT WOS:000252340600005 PM 17999329 ER PT J AU Greene, KA Ross, MD AF Greene, Kristi A. Ross, Michael D. TI Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a patient referred to physical therapy for knee pain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Greene, Kristi A.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. [Ross, Michael D.] USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Greene, KA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 26 EP 26 DI 10.2519/jospt.2008.0401 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 256FV UT WOS:000252714000005 PM 18349483 ER PT J AU Coppola, CP Tyree, M Larry, K DiGeronimo, R AF Coppola, Christopher P. Tyree, Melissa Larry, Karen DiGeronimo, Robert TI A 22-year experience in global transport extracorporeal membrane oxygenation SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Pediatric-Surgical-Association CY MAY 24-27, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Pediat Surg Assoc DE extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; transport; neonatal intensive care unit; inhaled nitric oxide; high-frequency ventilation ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; INTERHOSPITAL TRANSPORTATION; LIFE-SUPPORT; ECMO AB Background/Purpose: Transport extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is currently available at 12 centers. We report a 22-year experience from the only facility providing global transport ECMO. Indications for transport ECMO include lack of ECMO services, inability to transport conventionally, inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and need to move a patient on ECMO for specialized services such as organ transplantation. Methods: Retrospective database review of children undergoing inhouse and transport ECMO from 1985 to 2007. Results: Sixty-eight children underwent transport ECMO. Fifty-six were transported on ECMO into our facility. The remaining 12 were moved between 2 outside locations. Ground vehicles and fixed-wing aircraft were used. Distance transported was 8 to 7500 miles (13-12070 km), mean 1380 miles (2220 kin). There were 116 inhouse ECMO runs. No child died during transport. Survival to discharge after transport ECMO was 65% (44/68) and, for inhouse ECMO, was 70% (81/116). Conclusions: Transport ECMO is feasible and effective, with survival rates comparable to inhouse ECMO. We have used transport ECMO to help children at non-ECMO centers with pulmonary failure who have not improved with inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency ventilation. We have also transported a child after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which may represent an emerging indication for transport ECMO. Transport ECMO often is the only option for children too unstable for conventional transport or those already on ECMO and requiring a specialized service at another facility, such as organ transplantation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coppola, Christopher P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Tyree, Melissa; Larry, Karen; DiGeronimo, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Coppola, CP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ccoppola@pol.net OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.021 PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 260ZL UT WOS:000253048800009 PM 18206454 ER PT J AU Reilly, MP Miley, GH Hargus, WA AF Reilly, Michael P. Miley, George H. Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Plume expansion and ionization in a microlaser plasma thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 41st Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB Ion density measurements have been performed on the plasma generated by all ablative diode laser thruster using a negatively biased flat plate probe. The biased probe data were coupled with measurement of the ablation crater through use of a scanning electron microscope. The scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the postpulse ablation spots to determine the volume of fuel ablated. The microlaser plasma thruster discussed here ablates a target material through the backsurface by focusing the laser through a transparent substrate in a process typically referred to as transmissive mode ablation. The target materials investigated were polyvinyl chloride and glycidyl azide polymer, while the substrates used were cellulose acetate and Kapton (R). Peak ion densities for a glycidyl azide polymer (target)/acetate (substrate) were found to be 1.6 x 10(7) cm(-3), whereas for glycidyl azide polymer/Kapton and polyvinyl chloride/acetate the peak ion densities were 4.5 x 10(7) and 7.9 x 10(9) cm(-3) respectively. Although these corresponded to low ionization fractions calculated from the observed mass loss, the results indicate there are ways to improve the ionization fraction and in turn increase the specific impulse. C1 [Reilly, Michael P.; Miley, George H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hargus, William A., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Reilly, MP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, 103 S Goodwin MC-234, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.2514/1.23512 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 255AX UT WOS:000252630200012 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA Charles, CS AF Hargus, William A., Jr. Charles, Christopher S. TI Near exit plane velocity field of a 200-Watt Hall thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; XENON; BEAM AB This work presents the near exit plane velocity field of a 200-W laboratory xenon Hall thruster at a single operating condition with a 250-V anode potential. The ionized propellant velocities were measured using laser-induced fluorescence of the 5d[4](7/2) - 6p[3](5/2) excited state xenon ionic transition at 834.72 nm. Ion velocities were interrogated from the acceleration channel exit plane to a distance 107 mm from the exit plane (3.3 exit plane diameters). Both axial and radial velocities were measured. A nearly uniform axial velocity profile of approximately 13,800 +/- 500 m/s (130 +/- 10 eV) was measured at the thruster exit plane. The maximum axial velocity, measured 107 mm from the exit plane, was 16,800 m/s (192 eV). The ion flow exiting the thruster acceleration channel mixes downstream due to both the coaxial thruster geometry and a possible ion-acoustic shock. This behavior appears in regions where multiple, or broadly distributed, radial and axial velocity components occur. These regions also exhibit broadened fluorescence fine shapes, likely indicative of collisions between the various velocity populations as well as possible ionization of background neutral, and correspond to the brighter, more visible portions of the plume. This region has been previously identified as a possible ion-acoustic shock. This hypothesis appears consistent with the low radial velocity ion populations measured in this more luminous portion of the plume. In addition, a limited study at five off-nominal conditions near a region of high insulator erosion indicates that the impinging ion energy on the protruding center pole boron nitride insulator is predictably changed by flow rates and anode potentials; however, it also appears to vary significantly with applied magnetic field strength. C1 [Hargus, William A., Jr.; Charles, Christopher S.] USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.2514/1.29949 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 255AX UT WOS:000252630200014 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH AF Heiser, W. H. TI Comment on "Effect of pulse length and ejector radius on unsteady ejector performance" SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 158 EP 158 DI 10.2514/1.32606 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 255AX UT WOS:000252630200021 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB AF Ebrahimi, Houshang B. TI Numerical investigation of jet interaction in a supersonic freestream SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 41st Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID PHENOMENOLOGY; VALIDATION AB The objective of this investigation is to numerically evaluate effects of a reaction control (divert) jet on the aerodynamic performance of a generic interceptor missile operating at supersonic flight conditions. The effects investigated include transient operation, external chemical reactions and combustion, and geometric scale, specifically full scale versus subscale. Parametric computational fluid dynamic solutions are obtained at altitude conditions corresponding to 19.7 km for the following scenarios: 1) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned off, 2) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned on; 3) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned off, one-tenth subscale geometry; 4) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned on, one-tenth subscale geometry; 5) transient jet startup conditions; 6) transient jet shutdown conditions; 7) steady-state, finite-rate chemistry; and 8) steady-state, chemically frozen calculations. Specifically, all chemical reactions are "turned off." Vehicle forces and moments are assessed for each solution by integrating the computed surface pressures and viscous shear stresses on the missile surfaces. These results are used to determine the influence of the jet interaction effects on the transient, external combustion, and geometric scale and associated effects on the aerodynamic performance of the missile. The analysis predicts strong transient influences, small external combustion influences, and very small full-scale vs one-tenth subscale geometry effects on the integrated normal force and pitching moment. C1 ATA Inc, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), ATA Inc, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.2514/1.29847 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 260NO UT WOS:000253017200011 ER PT J AU Chioma, VJ Titus, NA AF Chioma, Vincent J. Titus, Nathan A. TI Navigation solutions for the repeated-intercept mission with constrained maneuver time SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CERTAINTY CONTROL AB This paper provides navigation solutions to perform the repeated-intercept mission with a constrained time of maneuver. The repeated-intercept (flyby) mission can be performed by a small, highly maneuverable microsatellite designed to fly past a target satellite at high relative velocity. Because of non-Keplerian orbital perturbations, the microsatellite must perform a small maneuver at or shortly after the intercept to adjust its orbit to permit another intercept approximately one revolution later. During the course of that orbit the microsatellite uses mideourse guidance and terminal guidance to refine its trajectory and the intercept geometry. The mission repeats, allowing the microsatellite to image the target satellite from various angles and under multiple lighting conditions, providing an on-orbit inspection capability without matching orbital planes. This paper presents a strategy for selection of the magnitude and direction of the initial maneuver to provide the greatest number of flyby opportunities within constrained budgets of time and fuel. C1 [Chioma, Vincent J.; Titus, Nathan A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chioma, VJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nathan.Titus@afit.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.2514/1.31427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 260NO UT WOS:000253017200013 ER PT J AU Westermann, EB AF Westermann, Edward B. TI Partners in genocide: The German Police and the Wehrmacht in the Soviet Union SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Uniformed Police; Wehrmacht; atrocity; SS; holocaust; counter-insurgency; Soviet Union; Poland AB In the Soviet Union, SS and police forces adopted the strategy of the direct approach as the keystone of German security policy in the occupied territories. Operating in conjunction with Wehrmacht units and indigenous auxiliaries, Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler's Uniformed Police (Ordnungspolizei) battalions, became essential instruments in the subjugation, exploitation, and pacification of the German rear areas. This essay examines the cooperative relationship that developed between SS and police forces, the Wehrmacht, and indigenous auxiliaries during the German anti-partisan campaign in the East. On the one hand, the cooperation of the police with the German armed forces reflected a true 'inter-agency' approach to counter-insurgency warfare; an approach formalised in policy agreements between both organisations prior to the 1941 invasion of Russia and cemented in combined operations aimed at Soviet partisans and their supporters. On the other hand, this analysis of combined operations between German SS and police and Wehrmacht forces offers further evidence of the key role played by the German Army and Air Force in the anti-partisan campaign, and ultimately genocide. C1 [Westermann, Edward B.] USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. RP Westermann, EB (reprint author), USAF, Basic Mil Traning, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 771 EP 796 DI 10.1080/01402390802197977 PG 26 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 341OF UT WOS:000258723100005 ER PT J AU Gerzeski, R AF Gerzeski, Roger TI LOX compatible toughened bismaleimide matrix thermally conductive fiber composites Part I: Composite fabrication viability and thermal conductivity measurement SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE composites; thermal conductivity; graphite fibers; ASTM D2512 LOX compatibility; prepreg ID FINITE PULSE-TIME; FLASH METHOD; LOW-TEMPERATURES; DIFFUSIVITY; OXYGEN; EXPANSION; ADHESION AB ASTM D2512 is the standard test used to determine if a material is liquid oxygen (LOX) compatible. To date all composites considered for use in making a LOX component have failed to pass this test due to their very low in-plane thermal conductivity (K). Since a higher K is usually a hallmark of a LOX compatible material, adequately increasing the in-plane K of a composite will render it D2512 LOX compatible. Good 66.0, 63.2, and 63.1% fiber volume composites have been fabricated for the first time out of baseline T650-35-UC309 and thermally conductive YSH50A and YSH60A fibers using the toughened bismaleimide matrix 5250-4 RTM. The in-plane K of the thermally conductive fibered composites is within the estimated similar to 30 to similar to 70 W/mK range that a composite will require to pass D2512. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Struct Mat Branch, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Gerzeski, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Struct Mat Branch, POB 287, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 301JL UT WOS:000255892100006 ER PT J AU Gerzeski, R AF Gerzeski, Roger TI LOX compatible toughened bismaleimide matrix thermally conductive fiber composites Part II: ASTM D2512 specimen fabrication, cleaning and testing SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE composites; ASTM d2512; LOX compatibility; thermally conductive fibers ID POLYMER IGNITION; LIQUID OXYGEN; CARBON-FIBERS; FIRE; PRESSURE; ADHESION AB Composites of 61.5 to 63.7 % V, were fabricated out of baseline T650-35-UC309 and the thermally conductive YSH50A and YSH60A fibers using the toughened Bismaleimide 5250-4 RTM matrix resin. ASTM D2512-95 (2002)e1 (D2512) specimens were fabricated from these composites and the toughened Bismaleimide neat resin. D2512 mechanical impact tests conducted at 72 ft.lbs (98 J) on six sets of specimens indicated that both thermally conductive fibers repeatedly improved the D2512 liquid oxygen (LOX) compatibility of their composites by 1700+ % over the baseline fiber composite's. This improvement occurred regardless of the thickness of the tested thermally conductive fibered composite specimens or type of thermally conductive fiber used. Only flash type reactions were detected for the thermally conductive specimens, whereas, flash, char and noise type reactions were detected for the baseline fiber composite specimens. The 100 % D2512 ignition rate exhibited by the neat resin specimens implies that the D2512 LOX compatibility improvement exhibited by the thermally conductive fiber composite's over the baseline fiber composites is directly attributable to the use of these thermally conductive fibers. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Struct Mat Branch, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Gerzeski, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Struct Mat Branch, POB 287, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 301JL UT WOS:000255892100007 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Hay, RS Mogilevsky, P Cinibulk, MK AF Boakye, E. E. Hay, R. S. Mogilevsky, P. Cinibulk, M. K. TI Two phase monazite/xenotime 30LaPO(4)-70YPO(4) coating of ceramic fiber tows SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONAZITE COATINGS; GRAIN-GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; CAPILLARY INSTABILITIES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; CERIUM PHOSPHATE; COATED-FIBER; ZENER DRAG; COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE AB Equiaxed yttrium-lanthanum phosphate nanoparticles (Y-0.7,La-0.3)PO4.0.7H(2)O were made and used to continuously coat Nextel (TM) 720 fiber tows. The particles were precipitated from a mixture of yttrium and lanthanum citrate chelate and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and characterized with differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The coated fibers were heat treated at 1000 degrees-1300 degrees C for 1, 10, and 100 h. Coating grain growth kinetics and coated fiber strengths were determined and compared with equiaxed La-monazite coatings. The relationships between coating porosity, coating hermeticity, and coated fiber strength are discussed. C1 [Boakye, E. E.; Mogilevsky, P.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hay, R. S.; Cinibulk, M. K.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM emmanuel.boakye@wpafb.af.mil NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02005.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 249EC UT WOS:000252209000003 ER PT J AU Ye, YM He, TM Li, Y Tang, EH Reitz, TL Jiang, SP AF Ye, Yinmei He, Tianmin Li, Yibin Tang, Ee Ho Reitz, Thomas L. Jiang, San Ping TI Pd-promoted La(0.75)Sr(0.25)Cr(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3)/YSZ composite anodes for direct utilization of methane in SOFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CATALYTIC COMBUSTION; DIRECT OXIDATION; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE; TEMPERATURE; PALLADIUM; KINETICS; CERIA; YSZ AB Palladium-impregnated La(0.75)Sr(0.25)Cr(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3-delta)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (LSCM/YSZ) composite anode is investigated in detail for the direct utilization of methane in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Impregnation of Pd nanoparticles significantly promotes the electrocatalytic activity of LSCM/YSZ composite anodes for the methane electro-oxidation reaction in wet CH(4). At 800 degrees C, the electrode polarization resistance for the methane oxidation is reduced by a factor of 3 after impregnation of 0.10-0.66 mg cm(2) Pd. Pd impregnation primarily enhances the electrode processes at low frequencies, indicating the significant promotion effect on the oxygen transfer process and the CH(4) decomposition for the reaction on the LSCM/YSZ composite anodes. No carbon deposition was observed for the reaction in wet CH(4) on Pd-impregnated LSCM/YSZ composite anodes. In contrast, Pd impregnation has little effect on the hydrogen oxidation in wet H(2). The results demonstrate that the Pd-impregnated LSCM/YSZ composite is a promising carbon-tolerant anode for natural gas fuel-based SOFCs. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Ye, Yinmei; He, Tianmin; Li, Yibin; Jiang, San Ping] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Tang, Ee Ho] Def Sci & Technol Agcy, Singapore 11825, Singapore. [Reitz, Thomas L.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ye, YM (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM mspjiang@ntu.edu.sg RI Li, Yibin/B-9204-2012; OI He, Tianmin/0000-0002-5998-2841 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP B811 EP B818 DI 10.1149/1.2931518 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600013 ER PT J AU DesAutels, GL Brewer, C Walker, M Juhl, S Finet, M Ristich, S Whitaker, M Powers, P AF DesAutels, G. Logan Brewer, Chris Walker, Mark Juhl, Shane Finet, Marc Ristich, Scott Whitaker, Matt Powers, Peter TI Femtosecond laser damage threshold and nonlinear characterization in bulk transparent SiC materials SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUSED-SILICA; SINGLE-BEAM; Z-SCAN; DIELECTRICS; REFRACTION AB Semi-insulating and conducting SiC crystalline transparent substrates were studied after being processed by femtosecond (fs) laser radiation (780 ran at 160 fs). Z-scan and damage threshold experiments were performed on both SiC bulk materials to determine each sample's nonlinear and threshold parameters. "Damage" in this text refers to an index of refraction modification as observed visually under an optical microscope. In addition, a study was performed to understand the damage threshold as a function of numerical aperture. Presented here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, are the damage threshold, nonlinear index of refraction, and nonlinear absorption measured values. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [DesAutels, G. Logan; Finet, Marc; Ristich, Scott; Whitaker, Matt] AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, Chris; Juhl, Shane] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Walker, Mark] Gen Dynam Informat Tech, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP DesAutels, GL (reprint author), AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.000060 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 255CJ UT WOS:000252634000009 ER PT J AU Hopper, DG AF Hopper, Darrel G. TI Introduction - Special section on electronic paper and reflective displays SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI SAN JOSE PA 610 S SECOND STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95112 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1889/1.2835041 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 251US UT WOS:000252401400014 ER PT J AU Jones, KW AF Jones, Keith W. TI Minimizing maximum modal force in mistuned bladed disk forced response SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION; MODEL AB Amplitude magnification is defined as the maximum forced response amplitude of any blade on a mistuned bladed disk divided by the maximum response amplitude of any blade on a tuned bladed disk over a range of engine order excitation frequencies. This paper shows that amplitude magnification can be approximated as the maximum ratio of modal force divided by modal vector magnitude in an isolated family of turbine engine bladed disk modes. An infinite linear mistuning pattern, defined by a constant interblade stiffness increment between an infinite number of blades, is found to minimize the maximum modal force when subjected to engine order N/4 excitation. Linear mistuning, an approximation of the infinite linear mistuning pattern, approximately minimizes the maximum modal force for bladed disks with a finite number of blades when subjected to engine order N/4 excitation. From this theory, root 2/N is proposed to be a lower boundary for amplitude magnification. The linear mistuning method is demonstrated to produce very low amplitude magnifications numerically and experimentally. The numerical examples suggest that linear mistuning may produce amplitude magnifications near the absolute minimum possible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011011 DI 10.1115/1.2749291 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 269HR UT WOS:000253640600011 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Hileeto, D AF Fadare, O. Hileeto, D. TI The expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: Evidence of a"Basal-Like" subset SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 125 BP 30A EP 30A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100125 ER PT J AU Bonvicino, A Huitron, S Fadare, O AF Bonvicino, A. Huitron, S. Fadare, O. TI Papanicolaou test interpretations of "Atypical Squamous Cells, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion": An investigation of requisite duration and number of colposcopic procedures to a definitive diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in routine practice SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 312 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100312 ER PT J AU Huitron, S Bonvicino, A Fadare, O AF Huitron, S. Bonvicino, A. Fadare, O. TI Longitudinal follow-up of patients with a "Negative" cervical biopsy following a papanicolaou test interpretation of ASC-H SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Huitron, S.; Bonvicino, A.; Fadare, O.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 332 BP 74A EP 74A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100332 ER PT J AU Kendall, BS Zahn, CM AF Kendall, B. S. Zahn, C. M. TI Follow-up results of reflex hrHPV testing in vaginal ThinPrep specimens with a diagnosis of ASC-US SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 342 BP 76A EP 77A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100342 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Andersan, LS Kendall, BS AF Walker, D. R. Andersan, L. S. Kendall, B. S. TI Effects of dilution of residual PreservCyt solution on hybrid capture results SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Walker, D. R.; Andersan, L. S.; Kendall, B. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 388 BP 87A EP 87A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100388 ER PT J AU Cecil, RA Jukic, DM Zalme, RC AF Cecil, R. A. Jukic, D. M. Zalme, R. C. TI Pathology education as a web application: An advanced tool for the future pathologist SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USAF, Keesler AFB, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 475 BP 105A EP 105A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181100475 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Carns, B AF Fadare, O. Carns, B. TI Clinicopathologic features associated with cytohistologic non-correlation in the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia of the cervix: An investigation based on concurrently obtained samples SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Fadare, O.; Carns, B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 928 BP 203A EP 203A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101057 ER PT J AU Carns, B Fadare, O AF Carns, B. Fadare, O. TI The routine Pap test for the detection of high-grade cervical neoplastic lesions: A contemporary re-evaluation based on rates of diagnostic discordance in 356 Pap tests obtained concurrent with a cervical biopsy SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Carns, B.; Fadare, O.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 1618 BP 355A EP 355A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101746 ER PT J AU Gorospe, ME Cruser, DK Taylor, AW Collins, SS Vos, JA AF Gorospe, M. E. Cruser, D. K. Taylor, A. W. Collins, S. S. Vos, J. A. TI Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an efficient and accurate method for variant hemoglobin analysis: A study of 662 patients comparing CZE and high-performance liquid chromatography SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 SU 1 MA 1662 BP 365A EP 365A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 248UG UT WOS:000252181101790 ER PT S AU Eric, JJ Bagford, JO Devlin, CLH Hull, RJ Seibert, DB AF Eric, John J. Bagford, John O. Devlin, Christie L. H. Hull, Robert J. Seibert, Daniel B. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Optical damage observed in the LHMEL II output coupler - art. no. 67201O SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE optics; optical damage; output coupler; laser cavity; CO2 laser AB During the annual NIST calibration testing done at the LHMEL facility in FY06 on its high energy Carbon-Dioxide lasers, the LHMEL II device suffered severe damage to the internal surface of its ZnSe output coupler optics. The damage occurred during a high power, short duration run and it was believed to have been the result of a significant amount of surface contaminants interacting with the LHMEL cavity beam. Initial theories as to the source of the contamination led to the inspection of the vacuum grease that seals the piping that supplies the source gases to the laser cavity. Other contamination sources were considered, and analysis was conducted in an effort to identify the material found at the damage sites on the optic, but the tests were mainly inconclusive. Some procedure changes were initiated to identify possible contamination before high energy laser operation in an attempt to mitigate and possibly prevent the continued occurrence of damage to the output coupler window. This paper is to illustrate the type and extent of the damage encountered, highlight some of the theories as to the contamination source, and serve as a notice as to the severity and consequences of damage that is possible even due to small amounts of foreign material in a high energy laser environment. C1 [Eric, John J.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eric, JJ (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP O7201 EP O7201 DI 10.1117/12.758950 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100059 ER PT S AU Paxton, AH Zeringue, CM AF Paxton, Alan H. Zeringue, Clint M. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS TI Simulation of Yb : YAG thin-disk lasers with stable resonators and with one or two transverse modes - art. no. 687206 SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control X CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state laser; thin-disk laser; stable resonator; transverse mode; multimode AB Computer calculations of the beam quality and output power of nearly diffraction-limited thin-disk Yb:YAG lasers are presented. The CW lasers have stable resonators. Our calculations include the simultaneous operation of two transverse modes. The simulated lasers are similar to those for which experimental results have been reported by other researchers but we have not attempted to make a precise comparison. Our calculated results show interesting trends that can be used in designing such lasers. C1 [Paxton, Alan H.; Zeringue, Clint M.] USAF, Res Lab, RDLO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RDLO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7047-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6872 BP 87206 EP 87206 DI 10.1117/12.770410 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ61 UT WOS:000255510400003 ER PT S AU Cooper, TM Krein, DM Burke, AR McLean, DG Rogers-Haley, JE Slagle, J Monahan, J Urbas, A AF Cooper, Thomas M. Krein, Douglas M. Burke, Aaron R. McLean, Daniel G. Rogers-Haley, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan Monahan, Jennifer Urbas, Augustine BE Jakubiak, R TI Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Platinum Acetylide Oligomers SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VIII CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Platinum acetylide; nonlinear optics; triplet state ID TRIPLET EXCITON; COMPLEXES; POLYMERS; SERIES AB To learn about excited state geometry in biphenyl-containing platinum acetylides, we synthesized a series of compounds that have biphenyl ligands. The ligands consisted of biphenyl(I), the hindered 2'-methyl biphenyl(III) and planar fluorenyl(IV) groups. We also synthesized a "half' complex(II) consisting of one ligand attached to the platinum atom. The optical properties of these compounds were measured by ground state absorption, phosphorescence, ultrafast transient absorption and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. DFT calculations were performed to determine the ground state and triplet state geometries and the lowest triplet energy. TDDFT calculations were performed to determine singlet excited state energies. Compared to the reference compound I, ground state spectra show a blue shift in II and III and red shift in IV, showing the singlet energy is sensitive to conjugation and biphenyl twist angle. Comparison of the phosphorescence spectra of I and II shows the triplet exciton is confined to one ligand. The time behavior of the ultrafast excited state absorption spectrum of I shows a red shift within 1 ps from the initial spectrum. This behavior is not seen in IV. The different behavior suggests formation of the triplet state of I is accompanied by conversion from a non-planar to a planar conformation while IV retains a planar conformation. C1 [Cooper, Thomas M.; Krein, Douglas M.; Burke, Aaron R.; McLean, Daniel G.; Rogers-Haley, Joy E.; Slagle, Jonathan; Monahan, Jennifer; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7269-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7049 AR 704908 DI 10.1117/12.793816 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIV13 UT WOS:000262985900004 ER PT S AU Enlow, JO Jiang, H Eyink, KG Grant, JT Su, W Johnson, WE Bunning, TJ AF Enlow, Jesse O. Jiang, Hao Eyink, Kurt G. Grant, John T. Su, Weijie Johnson, Walter E. Bunning, Timothy J. BE Jakubiak, R TI Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of high refractive index polymer films SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VIII CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE PECVD; Index of Refraction; Plasma; Photonic Thin Film ID PHOTONIC FILMS; THIN-FILMS; COPOLYMERIZATION; GROWTH; NANOCOMPOSITES AB The refractive index is a key characteristic of polymer materials in optical applications. For organic polymers, typical refractive indices are in the range of 1.35 to 1.65. Extending the refractive index beyond the limits is of fundamental scientific interest and would enhance the utility of polymers in many applications. Polymeric thin films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been investigated in the fields of electronics and optics and their utility is becoming more widespread in a variety of applications. Outstanding attributes of the PECVD photonic films include a smooth surface, dense crosslinking structure, robustness, environmental resistance, optical transparency in either visible or IR regions, and good adhesion to many optical window and substrate materials. In recent years, our laboratory has fabricated novel polymer optical coatings and films by PECVD. One focus of this research has been to expand the achievable maximum refractive index. This goal has been sought using two approaches including increasing the conjugation and crosslinking of chemical moieties of the bulk film and incorporation of metal ions into the structure. The techniques of XPS, FTIR, HRSEM, and ellipsometry were used to characterize both the optical properties and the chemical structure of plasma polymerized benzene, ferrocene, and metal-phthalocyanine thin films. The structure-property relationship and the effect of PECVD processing conditions are also discussed in this presentation. C1 [Enlow, Jesse O.; Jiang, Hao; Eyink, Kurt G.; Grant, John T.; Su, Weijie; Johnson, Walter E.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Enlow, JO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7269-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7049 AR 70490T DI 10.1117/12.798152 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIV13 UT WOS:000262985900019 ER PT S AU Rogers-Haley, JE Monahan, JL Krein, DM Slagle, JE McLean, DG Cooper, TM Urbas, AM AF Rogers-Haley, Joy E. Monahan, Jennifer L. Krein, Douglas M. Slagle, Jonathan E. McLean, Daniel G. Cooper, Thomas M. Urbas, Augustine M. BE Jakubiak, R TI Development of Novel Two Photon Absorbing Chromophores SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VIII CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE two photon absorption; transient absorption; excited state; platinum ID PT-ETHYNYL COMPOUND; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; EXCITED-STATE; ONE-PHOTON; STORAGE; MATRIX; MEMORY; SERIES; DYES AB There has been much interest in the development of two-photon absorbing materials and many efforts to understand the nonlinear absorption properties of these dyes. We have recently explored a new type of two photon absorbing dye containing a platinum center with ligands that vary in length that contain electron withdrawing benzothiazole. With increased pi-pi*conjugation we expect to observe a red shift in the absorption properties of the material. We have investigated the photophysical properties of the platinum chromophores using a variety of experimental techniques. Previously we determined that the singlet and triplet excited states are responsible for nearly all of the nonlinearity in the nanosecond regime accept the two photon mechanism that is primarily used for excitation. Therefore we would like to tune the photophysical properties of both the singlet and triplet excited state in these materials. To our surprise we found there is quite a bit of red shifting due to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer from the platinum to the ligand rather than the expected shifting due to increased pi-pi*conjugation. However, with increased ligand length the chromophore does take on more pi-pi* character. C1 [Rogers-Haley, Joy E.; Monahan, Jennifer L.; Krein, Douglas M.; Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.; Cooper, Thomas M.; Urbas, Augustine M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers-Haley, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7269-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7049 AR 704906 DI 10.1117/12.792362 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIV13 UT WOS:000262985900003 ER PT S AU Foshee, J Stadler, B Tang, S Tang, Y Colegrove, J AF Foshee, James Stadler, Brian Tang, Suning Tang, Yuanji Colegrove, Jennifer BE Khoo, IC TI Liquid Crystal Based Electro-Optic Bragg Gratings for Laser Beam Attenuations SO LIQUID CRYSTAL XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XII CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bragg Gratings; Electro-Optic; Liquid Crystals; Lasers; Laser Communications ID VARIABLE ATTENUATOR AB This paper provides research progress in the development of fast electro-optic gratings based on liquid crystals for laser beam attenuations. The electro-optic phase grating is formed by the phase separation of similar to 100nm liquid crystals droplets from a polymerizing organic matrix using holographic interference technique. The formed grating separates the incident laser beam into the output beams: the transmitted and diffracted beam, whose intensities can be electrically adjusted through electro-optic effect. The fast electro-optic gratings have a very fast electro-optic response time of 50 microseconds with diffraction efficiency above 99.8%. Optical receivers used in FSO have a limited dynamic range and there is a need for in-line variable attenuators to keep the signal levels from overloading the receiver. These attenuators should be continuous, provide sufficient attenuation, and also provide a low insertion loss for weak signal reception. The use of electro-optic Bragg gratings is one solution to, meet the requirements for an in-line attenuator for FSO. C1 [Foshee, James] USAF, Res Lab, IFGD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foshee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGD, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.Stadler@wpafb.af.mil; suningtang@eocrystal.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7270-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7050 AR 70500W DI 10.1117/12.796208 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BIU01 UT WOS:000262711100021 ER PT S AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, R. L. Tondiglia, V. P. Natarajan, L. V. Lloyd, P. F. Bunning, T. J. BE Khoo, IC TI Enhancing the electro-optical properties of liquid crystal nanodroplets for switchable Bragg gratings SO LIQUID CRYSTAL XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XII CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bragg gratings; liquid crystals; diffraction efficiency; scattering ID REFLECTION GRATINGS; POLYMER; DEFORMATION; FLOW AB Electrically switchable Bragg reflection gratings, comprised of periodic monolayers of liquid crystal nanodroplets embedded in a polymer, have historically displayed limited diffraction efficiency (< 90%). Attempts to increase diffraction efficiency by increasing the liquid crystal concentration lead to undesirable levels of incoherent scattering. We have developed a model of liquid crystal Bragg gratings to study and predict these properties for reflection filters. Examining the effective medium theory of inhomogencous nanodroplet layers, we have investigated the enhancement of properties that lead to higher diffraction efficiency without increasing incoherent scattering. In particular, we focus on properties of nanodroplet ensembles that contribute to the permittivity modulation of the grating, leading to coherent diffraction, and permittivity variance, leading to incoherent scattering. Using the liquid crystal BL037 in a commercially available polymer as an example, we illustrate how a diffraction efficiency of 99% can be achieved, without simultaneously increasing the level of incoherent scattering, and compare this to the previous state of the art with these materials. We then demonstrate this approach experimentally, confirming the viability of the technique and the predictions of the model. C1 [Sutherland, R. L.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Lloyd, P. F.; Bunning, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7270-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7050 AR 705003 DI 10.1117/12.792629 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BIU01 UT WOS:000262711100001 ER PT J AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. TI Modeling and Simulation for Nondestructive Testing with Applications to Aerospace Structures SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE aerospace structures; eddy current; finite element method; nondestructive testing; ultrasonic testing ID ELEMENT MODEL; NDT PHENOMENA; CRACKS; ULTRASONICS; SCATTERING; INSPECTION; WAVES; HOLES AB Modeling and simulation provide the nondestructive testing (NDT) practitioner with a better understanding of the physics of complex problems, which is necessary for improved NDT technique development. The state of the art of NDT modeling and simulation is presented herein, with emphasis oil ultrasonic and eddy current testing. The practical advantages and challenges for various numerical methods, such as the finite element method, are also discussed. To highlight the potential value of models ill NDT, two case studies are presented for aerospace structural applications. The finite element method is used to provide insight into file complex interaction and scattering of ultrasonic waves around fastener sites with radial cracks ill three dimensions. A demonstration of the potential for numerical simulations to assist ill the evaluation of the probability of detection for all eddy current testing technique is also presented. The model assisted probability of detection results were found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Lastly, future research and development of modeling tools for wider use within the NDT community is proposed. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, 4275 Chatham Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 373NH UT WOS:000260978200006 ER PT S AU Hetrick, G Wrenn, MBR Baek, SS AF Hetrick, G. Wrenn, M. B. Ruggles Baek, S. S. BE LaraCurzio, E TI EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY ON FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AN OXIDE-OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE AT 1200 degrees C SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; LOADING FREQUENCY; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; SILICON-CARBIDE; CYCLIC-FATIGUE; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE AB The effect of frequency on fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environment The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers has no Interface between the fiber and matrix and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance Tension tension fatigue tests were performed at frequencies of 0 I and 10 Hz for fatigue stresses ranging from 75 to 170 MPa Fatigue run-out was defined as 10(6) cycles at 0 1 and 1 0 Hz and as 10(6) cycles at 10 Hz The CFCC exhibited excellent fatigue resistance in laboratory air 1 he fatigue limit was 170 MPa (88 A UTS at 1200 degrees C) The material retained 100% of its tensile strength In steam, fatigue performance was strongly Influenced by loading frequency Presence of steam significantly degraded the fatigue performance, with the degradation being most pronounced at 0 1 Hz Fatigue limit and fatigue lifetime decrease with decreasing loading frequency Composite microstructure as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated In steam more coordinated fiber failure is observed at the lowest frequency while the amount of fiber pullout as well as the damage zone size decrease with decreasing frequency C1 [Hetrick, G.; Wrenn, M. B. Ruggles] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Def Dev, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Hetrick, G (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 119 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500013 ER PT S AU Siegert, GT Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Baek, SS AF Siegert, G. T. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Baek, S. S. BE LaraCurzio, E TI EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON CREEP BEHAVIOR OF AN OXIDE-OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE WITH +/- 45 degrees FIBER ORIENTATION AT 1200 degrees C SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POROUS-MATRIX; WATER-VAPOR; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; COATING CONCEPTS; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; SILICON-CARBIDE; STATIC FATIGUE AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air in steam and in argon The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers has no interface between the fiber and matrix and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1200 degrees C The elastic modulus was 45 GPa, UTS was 55 MPa, and failure strain was 0 27% Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 15 45 MPa range Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests Tertiary creep was observed at 45 MPa in air and at stress levels? 40 MPa, in steam and argon environments For creep stress levels <= 35 MPa, creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in all test environments At creep stresses > 35 MPa, creep performance was best in laboratory air and worst in argon The presence of either steam or argon accelerated creep rates and significantly reduced creep life Composite microstructure as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated Matrix degradation appears to be the cause of early failures in argon C1 [Siegert, G. T.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Defense Dev, Taejon, South Korea. RP Siegert, GT (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 163 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500017 ER PT J AU Heller, ER Crespo, A AF Heller, E. R. Crespo, A. TI Electro-thermal modeling of multifinger AlGaN/GaN HEMT device operation including thermal substrate effects SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GAN; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; SAPPHIRE; SILICON; HFETS AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device operation was modeled from the sub-micrometer scale to the substrate using a combination of an electro-thermal device model for the active device with realistic power dissipation within the device and a coupled three dimensional thermal model to account for the substrate. Temperatures for various points within a device were determined as a function of biasing conditions, substrate thickness and temperature, number of fingers, and gate length and pitch. As an example, we have used our model to show that life test results of industry-relevant devices can be significantly affected by the exact testing technique used. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heller, E. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, E. R.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Crespo, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heller, ER (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.heller@wright.edu NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2007.01.090 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 279RM UT WOS:000254372300006 ER PT S AU Brandt, PC Zheng, Y Sotirelis, TS Oksavik, K Rich, FJ AF Brandt, P. C. Zheng, Y. Sotirelis, T. S. Oksavik, K. Rich, F. J. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI The Linkage Between the Ring Current and the Ionosphere System SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; STORM; PLASMA; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; DENSITIES; IMAGE AB The coupling between the ring current and the ionosphere is briefly reviewed and discussed. Given global energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations of the ring current, the three-dimensional current system driven by ring current plasma pressure (the region 2 system) is derived to illustrate where the ring current connects to the ionosphere. Special attention is given to how the ring current and ionospheric conductance set up the sub-auroral polarization streams (SAPS) through the closure of the region 2 current through the ionospheric trough region. Simultaneous ENA observations of the ring current and radar observations of the SAPS flow show that the onset of SAPS flow and equatorward motion is coincident with the injection and buildup of plasma pressure in the inner magnetosphere. The comprehensive ring current model is used to demonstrate how the SAPS can be generated by computing ring current pressure and allowing its pressure-driven currents to close through a model of ionospheric conductance including the trough region. The paper ends by discussing open questions and what is missing in our understanding of the generation of the large-scale electric fields of the inner magnetosphere and sub-auroral ionosphere. C1 [Brandt, P. C.; Zheng, Y.; Sotirelis, T. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Oksavik, K.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Rich, F. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Acton, MA 01720 USA. RP Brandt, PC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM pontus.brandt@jhuapl.edu RI Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016 OI Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1029/181GM13 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600012 ER PT S AU Burke, WJ AF Burke, William J. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Storm Time Energy Budgets of the Global Thermosphere SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; MAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; HILL MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITIES; DST AB Space environment data acquired near L, and in low Earth orbit have allowed us to develop a deeper appreciation of the unity binding the dynamics of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system. This tutorial focuses on the main phase of large (Dst < -200 nT) magnetic storms when predictions of thermospheric density models appear "too little-too late" in comparison with neutral mass densities (rho) inferred from accelerometers on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. Empirically, we find that (1) Dst traces correlate well with orbit-averaged values of p during the main and early recovery phases, but not thereafter and (2) polar cap potentials and magnetospheric electric fields derived from L-1 measurements predict thermospheric responses in all storm phases with lead times of 4-6 h. These two results provide clues for tracking energy transport from the solar wind to the ring current via magnetospheric electric fields. The asymmetric ring current seems to act as a reservoir from which energy is extracted as a net particle and Poynting flux into the ionosphere. Ion-neutral collisions transfer energy to the thermosphere. As the ring current symmetrizes, coupling to the ionosphere-thermosphere diminishes. Radiative losses of energy cause the thermosphere to relax to prestorm levels in similar to 13 h. We demonstrate a new application of Jacchia's [1977] model to test this conjecture. With inputs from GRACE measurements, the model predicts thermospheric energy increases (Delta E-th) that are about a factor of four greater than the increase in ring current energy (Delta E-RC) predicted by the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation. A larger fraction of the thermosphere's storm time energy budget must enter directly into the polar cap from the solar wind rather than indirectly via the magnetosphere into the auroral oval. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1029/181GM21 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600020 ER PT B AU Westermann, EB AF Westermann, Edward B. BE Stoker, D TI Relegated to the backseat Farm Gate and the failure of the US air advisory effort in South Vietnam, 1961-1963 SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mil Strateg Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westermann, EB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mil Strateg Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 127 EP 150 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000008 ER PT J AU Maguen, S Turcotte, DM Peterson, AL Dremsa, TL Garb, HN McNally, RJ Litz, BT AF Maguen, Shira Turcotte, Diane M. Peterson, Alan L. Dremsa, Theresa L. Garb, Howard N. McNally, Richard J. Litz, Brett T. TI Description of risk and resilience factors among military medical personnel before deployment to Iraq SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; POSITIVE EMOTIONS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CARE PROVIDERS; LIFE EVENTS; PTSD; PEACEKEEPERS; AFGHANISTAN AB Military medical personnel preparing for deployment to Iraq (N = 328) participated in a survey concerning predeployment risk and resilience factors. Participants reported exposure to an average of 2.5 potentially traumatic events before deployment and 76% (n = 229) reported at least two current concerns about predeployment stressors. Military personnel also endorsed a series of positive appraisals of the military, the mission, and their unit. Fairly low levels of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms before deployment were reported and positive affect was significantly higher than reported negative affect. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms that were present before deployment were most strongly associated with risk factors, whereas positive affect was most strongly associated with resilience factors. Predeployment negative affect was associated with a combination of risk and resilience factors. These findings have implications for possible interventions and preparation of medical personnel before military deployment. A better understanding of the factors related to risk and resilience in military medical personnel will allow for improved screening, educational, training, and clinical programs aimed at increasing resilience before military deployments. C1 [Maguen, Shira] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Maguen, Shira] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Turcotte, Diane M.] Dept Vet Affairs Boston Hlth Care Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.; Dremsa, Theresa L.; Garb, Howard N.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [McNally, Richard J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Litz, Brett T.] Massachusetts Vet Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Litz, Brett T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Maguen, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000001 PM 18251325 ER PT J AU Heinrich, KM Jitnarin, N Suminski, RR Berkel, L Hunter, CM Alvarez, L Brundige, AR Peterson, AL Foreyt, JP Haddock, CK Poston, WSC AF Heinrich, Katie M. Jitnarin, Nattinee Suminski, Richard R. Berkel, LaVerne Hunter, Christine M. Alvarez, Lisa Brundige, Antionette R. Peterson, Alan L. Foreyt, John P. Haddock, C. Keith Poston, Walker S. C. TI Obesity classification in military personnel: A comparison of body fat, waist circumference, and body mass index measurements SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 4-COMPARTMENT MODEL; PREVALENCE; PERCENTAGE; CHINESE; WEIGHT AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate obesity classifications from body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Methods: A total of 451 overweight/obese active duty military personnel completed all three assessments. Results: Most were obese (men, 81%; women, 98%) using National Institutes of Health (NIH) BF% standards (men, >25%; women, >30%). Using the higher World Health Organization (WHO) BF >35% standard, 86% of women were obese. BMI (55.5% and 51.4%) and WC (21.4% and 31.9%) obesity rates were substantially lower for men and women, respectively (p < 0.05). BMI/WC were accurate discriminators for BF% obesity (0 for all comparisons >0.75, p < 0.001). Optimal cutoff points were lower than NIH/WHO standards; WC = 100 cm and BMI = 29 maximized sensitivity and specificity for men, and WC = 79 cm and BMI = 25.5 (NIH) or WC = 83 cm and BMI = 26 (WHO) maximized sensitivity and specificity for women. Conclusions: Both WC and BMI measures had high rates of false negatives compared to BF%. However, at a population level, WC/BMI are useful obesity measures, demonstrating fair-to-high discriminatory power. C1 [Heinrich, Katie M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jitnarin, Nattinee; Berkel, LaVerne; Haddock, C. Keith; Poston, Walker S. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Informat Med & Personalized Hlth, Sch Med, Western Missouri Mental Hlth Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Suminski, Richard R.] Kansas City Univ Med & Biosci, Dept Physiol, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] NIDDK, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Alvarez, Lisa; Foreyt, John P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Behav Med Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Brundige, Antionette R.; Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Heinrich, KM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 1960 East West Rd,Biomed D104B, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Heinrich, Katie/B-4782-2013 OI Heinrich, Katie/0000-0002-6837-408X NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000010 PM 18251334 ER PT J AU Boyce, LA LaVoie, N Streeter, LA Lochbaum, KE Psotka, J AF Boyce, Lisa A. LaVoie, Noelle Streeter, Lynn A. Lochbaum, Karen E. Psotka, Joseph TI Technology as a Tool for Leadership Development: Effectiveness of Automated Web-Based Systems in Facilitating Tacit Knowledge Acquisition SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE; METAANALYSIS AB The effectiveness of emerging technology in helping to develop the tacit or experience-based knowledge needed for effective leadership performance was demonstrated in an on-line environment for discussion and training. One hundred and twenty-seven military students participated in three 20-minute discussions in one of three learning environments: standard classroom; standard on-line discussion; and discussion assisted by semantic technology. Consistent with expectations, semantic technology-supported learning resulted in greater discussion participation and training performance with discussion participation mediating the relationship between the learning environment and training satisfaction. An interaction between learning goal orientation (LGO) and learning environment on tacit knowledge performance showed that face-to-face conditions may help those with low LGO. Implications for improving tacit knowledge acquisition and technology-supported leadership development practices are discussed. C1 [Boyce, Lisa A.] USAF Acad, DFE IITA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [LaVoie, Noelle; Streeter, Lynn A.; Lochbaum, Karen E.] Pearson Knowledge Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Psotka, Joseph] USA, Res Inst, Arlington, VA USA. RP Boyce, LA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFE IITA, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 4K29, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM lisa.boyce@usafa.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1080/08995600802345220 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 366CB UT WOS:000260456900004 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, BM Peterson, GL AF Rodriguez, Benjamin M. Peterson, Gilbert L. BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA TI Classifier dependent feature preprocessing methods SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE feature ranking; feature extraction; feature extraction; data preparation; outlier removal; expectation maximization; Fisher's linear discriminant and Parzen window AB In mobile applications, computational complexity is an issue that limits sophisticated algorithms from being implemented on these devices. This paper provides an initial solution to applying pattern recognition systems on mobile devices by combining existing preprocessing algorithms for recognition. In pattern recognition systems, it is essential to properly apply feature preprocessing tools prior to training classification models in an attempt to reduce Computational complexity and improve the overall classification accuracy. The feature preprocessing tools extended for the mobile environment are feature ranking, feature extraction, data preparation and outlier removal. Most desktop systems today are capable of processing a majority of the available classification algorithms without concern of processing while the same is not true on mobile platforms. As an application of pattern recognition for mobile devices, the recognition system targets the problem of steganalysis, determining if an image contains hidden information. The measure of performance shows that feature preprocessing increases the overall steganalysis classification accuracy by an average of 22%. The methods in this paper are tested on a workstation and a Nokia 6620 (Symbian operating system) camera phone with similar results. C1 [Rodriguez, Benjamin M.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Rodriguez, BM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM benjamin.rodriguez@afit.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7173-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6982 AR 69820S DI 10.1117/12.785472 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIA01 UT WOS:000257875400026 ER PT S AU Andel, TR Yasinsac, A AF Andel, Todd R. Yasinsac, Alec BE Havelund, K Majumdar, R Palsberg, J TI Automated evaluation of secure route discovery in MANET protocols SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International SPIN Workshop CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL univ Calif, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO univ Calif, Los Angeles ID MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS; AD HOC NETWORKS; VERIFICATION; SPIN AB Evaluation techniques to analyze security properties in ad hoc routing protocols generally rely on manual, non-exhaustive approaches. Non-exhaustive analysis techniques may conclude a protocol is secure, while in reality the protocol may contain an unapparent or subtle flaw. Using formalized exhaustive evaluation techniques to analyze security properties increases protocol confidence. In this paper, we offer an automated evaluation process to analyze security properties in the route discovery phase for on-demand source routing protocols. Using our automated security evaluation process, we are able to produce and analyze all topologies for a given network size. The individual network topologies are fed into the SPIN model checker to exhaustively evaluate protocol abstractions against an attacker attempting to corrupt the route discovery process. C1 [Andel, Todd R.; Yasinsac, Alec] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Yasinsac, Alec] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL USA. RP Andel, TR; Yasinsac, A (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM todd.andel@afit.edu; ayasinsac@usouthal.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W91NF-04-1-0415] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grants numbered W91NF-04-1-0415. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85113-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5156 BP 26 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIE15 UT WOS:000258874500005 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, JD Miller, JO Bauer, KW Neher, RE AF Rodriguez, June D. Miller, John O. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. Neher, Robert E., Jr. BE Trevisani, DA TI Methodologies for aggregating large hierarchical simulation models SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations III CY MAR 19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE aggregation; metamodeling; prediction; hierarchical simulation models AB This research investigates how aggregation is currently conducted for simulation of large systems. The focus is on the exploration of the different aggregation techniques for hierarchical lower-level (higher resolution) models into the next higher-level. We develop aggregation procedures between two simulation levels (e.g., aggregation of mission level models into a campaign level model) to address how much and what information needs to pass from the high-resolution to the low-resolution model in order to preserve statistical fidelity. We present a mathematical representation of the simulation model based on network theory and procedures for simulation aggregation that are logical and executable. The proposed process is a collection of various conventional statistical and aggregation techniques, but we present them in a coherent and systematic manner. Our desired real-world application for the developed simulation aggregation process is in the area of military combat. We show preliminary results as applied to a complex hierarchical flying training model. There is no best universal aggregation technique for different simulation models; however, the method developed here is a well-defined set of procedures for statistically sound simulation model aggregation. C1 [Rodriguez, June D.; Miller, John O.; Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rodriguez, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM june.rodriguez@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7156-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6965 AR 69650C DI 10.1117/12.776702 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BHZ16 UT WOS:000257578700011 ER PT S AU Savage, J Coker, C Thai, B Aboutalib, O Pau, J AF Savage, James Coker, Charles Thai, Bea Aboutalib, Omar Pau, John BE Trevisani, DA TI Irma 5.2 multi-sensor signature prediction model SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations III CY MAR 19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Irma; signature prediction; image rendering; model validation AB The Irma synthetic signature prediction code is being developed by the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RW) to facilitate the research and development of multi-sensor systems. There are over 136 users within the Department of Defense, NASA, Department of Transportation, academia, and industry. Irma began as a highresolution, physics-based Infrared (IR) target and background signature model for tactical weapon applications and has grown to include: a laser (or active) channel (1990), improved scene generator to support correlated frarne-to-frame imagery (1992), and passive IR/millimeter wave (MMW) channel for a co-registered active/passive IR/MMW model (1994). Irma version 5.0 was released in 2000 and encompassed several upgrades to both the physical models and software; host support was expanded to Windows, Linux, Solaris, and SGI Irix platforms. In 2005, version 5.1 was released after extensive verification and validation of an upgraded and reengineered ladar channel. The reengineering effort then shifted focus to the Irma passive channel. Field measurements for the validation effort include both polarized and unpolarized data collection. Irma 5.2 was released in 2007 with a reengineered passive channel. This paper summarizes the capabilities of Irma and the progress toward Irma 5.3, which includes a reengineered radar channel. C1 [Savage, James; Coker, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Savage, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM james.savage@eglin.af.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7156-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6965 AR 69650A DI 10.1117/12.778000 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BHZ16 UT WOS:000257578700009 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Hileeto, D AF Fadare, O. Hileeto, D. TI The expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: Evidence of a "Basal-Like" subset SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 125 BP 30A EP 30A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200125 ER PT J AU Bonvicino, A Huitron, S Fadare, O AF Bonvicino, A. Huitron, S. Fadare, O. TI Papanicolaou test interpretations of "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion": An investigation of requisite duration and number of colposcopic procedures to a definitive diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in routine practice SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 312 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200312 ER PT J AU Huitron, S Bonvicino, A Fadare, O AF Huitron, S. Bonvicino, A. Fadare, O. TI Longitudinal follow-up of patients with a "Negative" cervical biopsy following a papanicolaou test interpretation of ASC-H SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Huitron, S.; Bonvicino, A.; Fadare, O.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 332 BP 74A EP 74A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200332 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Anderson, LS Kendall, BS AF Walker, D. R. Anderson, L. S. Kendall, B. S. TI Effects of dilution of residual PreservCyt solution on hybrid capture results SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Walker, D. R.; Anderson, L. S.; Kendall, B. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 388 BP 87A EP 87A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180200388 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Carns, B AF Fadare, O. Carns, B. TI Clinicopathologic features associated with cytohistologic non-correlation in the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia of the cervix: An investigation based on concurrently obtained samples SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Fadare, O.; Carns, B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 928 BP 203A EP 203A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180201057 ER PT J AU Gorospe, ME Cruser, DL Taylor, AW Collins, SS Vos, JA AF Gorospe, M. E. Cruser, D. L. Taylor, A. W. Collins, S. S. Vos, J. A. TI Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an efficient and accurate method for variant hemoglobin analysis: A study of 662 patients comparing CZE and high-performance liquid chromatography SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 97th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 01-07, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 SU 1 MA 1662 BP 365A EP 365A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248UA UT WOS:000252180201790 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Cook, G Carns, JL AF Evans, D. R. Cook, G. Carns, J. L. TI Holographic and nonholographic organic-inorganic hybrids SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Topical Meeting on Optics of Liquid Crystals CY OCT 01-05, 2007 CL Puebla, MEXICO DE hybrids; liquid crystal; photo refractive; photovoltaic ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL CELLS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BEAM AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT VALVE; HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; 7,7,8,8-TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE; INSTABILITIES; GRATINGS; IRON AB In this article, we review the concepts of holographic and nonholographic organic-inorganic hybrids, both comprising a liquid crystal layer adjacent to inorganic crystalline windows. Photo-generated fields from photorefractive (holographic) or photovoltaic (nonholographic) crystalline windows govern the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the hybrid cells. Holographic hybrids have been used to demonstrate a high gain Bragg-matched beam coupling, whereas nonholographic hybrids have been used to demonstrate a lensing effect. C1 [Evans, D. R.; Cook, G.; Carns, J. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Carns, J. L.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2008 VL 488 BP 190 EP 201 DI 10.1080/15421400802218538 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 348QE UT WOS:000259224200018 ER PT J AU Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Sutherland, Richard L. Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Improvement of electro-optical properties of HPDLC gratings by in situ shearing during holographic recording SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Topical Meeting on Optics of Liquid Crystals CY OCT 01-05, 2007 CL Puebla, MEXICO DE Bragg grating; droplet alignment control; holography; polymer dispersed liquid crystal; shear; thiol-ene polymers ID POLYMER; DISPLAYS; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; GENERATION AB We report the results of the recording of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) reflection gratings while applying a shear stress parallel to the film plane. The shear is transmitted through the film by moving one glass window with respect to a fixed glass window during the holographic recording in a single beam, total internal reflection geometry. The optical properties of the resulting Bragg grating are related to timing and magnitude of the stress. High diffraction efficiency for light polarized in a direction parallel to the stress is obtained with nearly zero diffraction efficiency (DE) for the perpendicular polarization. Contrary to post-recording stress-induced polarization sensitization, the in situ process results in permanently polarized gratings. The polarization sensitivity is related to stress-induced morphology changes of liquid crystal droplets that are frozen at gelation of the thio-ene polymerization process. C1 [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Sutherland, Richard L.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Lloyd, Pamela F.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tondiglia, VP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4031 Colonel Glenn Highway, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM vlncent.tondiglia@SAIC.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2008 VL 488 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1080/15421400802240599 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 348QE UT WOS:000259224200019 ER PT J AU Samoc, M Samoc, A Humphrey, MG Cifuentes, MP Luther-Davies, B Fleitz, PA AF Samoc, Marek Samoc, Anna Humphrey, Mark G. Cifuentes, Marie P. Luther-Davies, Barry Fleitz, Paul A. TI Z-scan studies of dispersion of the complex third-order nonlinearity of nonlinear absorbing chromophores SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Cracow, POLAND DE hyperpolarizabilities; Kramers-Kronig analysis; nonlinear refraction; two-photon absorption ID KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS; FEMTOSECOND Z-SCAN; ORGANOMETALLIC DENDRIMER; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; IMAGINARY PARTS; SUM-RULES; 2-PHOTON; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; POLYMERS AB We have studied dispersion of the cubic nonlinear optical properties of organic and organometallic nonlinear absorbers. The results indicate that a multitude of excited states may be contributing to the resonances seen in the real and imaginary part of the complex hyperpolarizability. Attempts to understand the relation between the real and imaginary part of the hyperpolarizability in terms of a Kramers-Kronig transform are undertaken. C1 [Samoc, Marek] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci, Laser Phys Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Humphrey, Mark G.; Cifuentes, Marie P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Samoc, Marek] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fleitz, Paul A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Samoc, M (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci, Laser Phys Ctr, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM marek.samoc@anu.edu.au RI Samoc, Marek/A-5501-2008; Luther-Davies, Barry/D-7294-2013; Humphrey, Mark/A-7483-2008; Cifuentes, Marie/J-5546-2014 OI Samoc, Marek/0000-0002-5404-2455; Luther-Davies, Barry/0000-0002-2747-5036; Humphrey, Mark/0000-0002-4433-6783; Cifuentes, Marie/0000-0002-1011-6918 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2008 VL 485 BP 894 EP 902 DI 10.1080/15421400801924714 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 305NU UT WOS:000256185900018 ER PT S AU Breitzman, T Lipton, R Larve, E AF Breitzman, Timothy Lipton, Robert Larve, Endel BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI A hi fidelity asymptotic theory for local field recovery inside pre-stressed composite media SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE asymptotic expansion; multi-scale method; de-homogenization ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE AB We introduce a new mathematically rigorous high fidelity asymptotic theory for recovering the local field behavior inside complex composite architectures. The theory applies to zones containing strong spatial variance of local material properties. The method is used to recover the local field across ply interfaces for a pre-stressed multi-ply fiber reinforced composite. The results are shown to be in good agreement with direct numerical simulations for realistic fiber sizes and fiber- matrix elastic properties. C1 [Breitzman, Timothy] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lipton, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Larve, Endel] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Breitzman, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFOSR [FA9550-05-1-0008, FA9550-04-1-0142]; NSF [DMS-0406374,]; Boeing Aircraft Company FX This project is carried out under the support of AFOSR Grants FA9550-05-1-0008 FA9550-04-1-0142, NSF Grant DMS-0406374, and the Boeing Aircraft Company. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 165 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400027 ER PT S AU Hauber, B Brockman, R Paulino, G AF Hauber, Brett Brockman, Robert Paulino, Glaucio BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Effect of a diffusion zone on fatigue crack propagation in layered FGMs SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE FGM; graded; stress intensity factor; fatigue; crack ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS AB Research into functionally graded materials (FGMs) has led to advances in our ability to analyze cracks. However, two prominent aspects remain relatively unexplored: 1) development and validation of modeling methods for fatigue crack propagation in FGMs, and 2) experimental validation of stress intensity models in engineered materials such as two phase monolithic and graded materials. This work addresses some of these problems for a limited set of conditions, material systems (e.g., Ti/TiB), and material gradients. Numerical analyses are conducted for single edge notch bend (SENB) specimens. Stress intensity factors are computed using the specialized finite element code I-Franc (Illinois Fracture Analysis Code), which is tailored for both homogeneous and graded materials, as well as Franc2DL and ABAQUS. Crack extension is considered by means of specified crack increments, together with fatigue evaluations to predict crack propagation life. Results will be used to determine linear material gradient parameters that are significant for prediction of fatigue crack growth behavior. C1 [Hauber, Brett] USAF, Res Labs, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Paulino, Glaucio] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Brockman, Robert] Univ Dayton, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Engn Mech, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hauber, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 333 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400054 ER PT S AU Birman, V Chona, R Byrd, LW AF Birman, Victor Chona, Ravinder Byrd, Larry W. BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Effect of two-dimensional grading on the thermomechanical response of the panel SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE functionally graded materials; multi-dimensional grading; thermoelastic response AB Some of the advantages of functionally graded materials (FGM) are related to their ability to provide a better thermal protection and reduce delamination tendencies present in layered composites. In particular, in ceramic-metal systems these goals can be achieved by increasing the concentration of ceramic particles in the region adjacent to the heated surface using a heterogeneous single layered structure. The unfortunate by-products of such design are asymmetry about the middle surface of the structure and bending-stretching coupling. As a result, displacements and stresses increase as compared to the symmetric counterpart while The buckling loads and natural frequencies decrease. One of the possible solutions to the problem compensating for a reduced stiffness of FGM structures is based on the replacement of one-dimensional grading with a two-dimensional grading, including the regions with enhanced stiffness. The paper illustrates the formulation of the problem and peculiarities introduced in the solution by two-dimensional grading on the example of a large aspect ratio panel subject to thermomechanical loading. C1 [Birman, Victor] Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Chona, Ravinder; Byrd, Larry W.] AFRL VASM, Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. FU Structural Sciences Center/Air Vehicles Directorate/Air Force Research Laboratory [GS-23F8049H, F33601-03-F-0060] FX This research was sponsored by the Structural Sciences Center/Air Vehicles Directorate/Air Force Research Laboratory through the contract GS-23F8049H (F33601-03-F-0060). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 339 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400055 ER PT S AU Ellmer, C Adams, DE White, JR Jata, K AF Ellmer, Claudia Adams, Douglas E. White, Jonathan R. Jata, Kumar BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Design and operation of a vibration-acoustic-thermal apparatus for identifying variations in free and forced response of sandwich panels due to combined loading SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE thermal protection system; metallic; ceramic; carbon; combined environments; active sensing; damage detection; health monitoring AB Combined vibration, thermal, and acoustic environments cause significant changes in the free and forced response characteristics of spacecraft metallic, ceramic, and carbon thermal protection systems, exhaust wash structures in fixed wing aircraft, and ground vehicle components exposed to blast loading. When structural components become damaged, the effects of combined loads are even more apparent on the structural response. A new combined vibration-acoustic-thermal apparatus designed to simultaneously expose specimens up to 4' by 4' with 10g vibration up to either 100 Hz or I inch displacement vibrations, 140 dB acoustic pressures, and > 400 degrees F temperatures will first be described in this paper. Then observations from experiments conducted on a sandwich metallic panel exposed to thermal loads will be described. Modal impact and active sensor data will be utilized to extract frequency response function models that change as a function of the loading. These frequency response models indicate significant changes in the free response properties of the panel. For example, it will be shown that temperature changes cause the resonant frequencies of the panel to decrease resulting in higher response amplitudes. Likewise, acoustic pressure loads distributed across the panel will be shown to change as a function of temperature. C1 [Ellmer, Claudia; Adams, Douglas E.; White, Jonathan R.] Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Jata, Kumar] Air Force Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ellmer, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing; Universal Technology Corporation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for their support of this work and the Universal Technology Corporation for their support. The authors also acknowledge the Army Research Office for the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program award used to construct the combined loading facility. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400056 ER PT S AU Byrd, LW Birman, V AF Byrd, Larry W. Birman, Victor BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Vibrations of damaged functionally graded cantilever beams SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE functionally graded beam; vibrations; cracks; damage ID PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITES; FINITE-ELEMENT; FABRICATION; ACTUATORS AB The paper discusses closed-form solutions of the problems of free and forced vibrations of a functionally graded cantilever FGM beam with and without damage. The mode of damage considered in the paper is represented by cracks that are perpendicular to the axis of the beam. Notably, such mode of damage was observed in experiments on representative FGM beams. Forced vibrations considered in the paper were generated by a kinematic excitation of the clamped end of the beam. C1 [Byrd, Larry W.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Birman, Victor] Univ Missouri, One Univ Boulevard, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Byrd, LW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Structural Sciences Center; Air Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [GS-23F8049H, F33601-03-F-0060] FX This research was sponsored by the Structural Sciences Center, Air Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory through contract GS-23F8049H (F33601-03-F-0060). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 364 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400058 ER PT S AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, Victor Byrd, Larry W. BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Methodology for selection of optimum light stringers in functionally graded panels designed for prescribed fundamental frequency or buckling load SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE functionally graded material; optimized stiffened panel; vibration; buckling ID NATURAL FREQUENCIES; PLATE AB The interest to functionally graded materials (FGM) and structures has been generated by their potential advantages, including enhanced thermal properties, reduced or eliminated delamination concerns, a potential for an improved stress distribution, etc. Various aspects of The processing, design, micromechanics and analysis of FGM have been outlined in a number of reviews, mentioned here are [1-3]. In particular, functionally graded panels may be advantageous compared to their conventional counterparts in numerous applications. However, a typical FGM panel is asymmetric about its middle plane resulting in lower buckling loads and fundamental frequencies as well as higher stresses and deformations than the counterpart with a symmetric distribution of the same constituents. The reduced stiffness of FGM panels can be compensated by reinforcing them with stringers. For example, metallic stringers at the metal-rich surface of a FGM ceramic-metal panel may provide an efficient solution enabling a designer to increase both buckling loads as well as natural frequencies. ne list of studies on optimization of FGM is extensive as could be anticipated for such tailored structural elements. For example, recent papers by Batra and his collaborators present optimization of the natural frequencies of a FGM plate through material grading [4] and through the graded fiber orientation [5]. The present paper is concerned with an optimum design of the system of stringers for a specified FGM panel. The task is to design the lightest system of stringers enabling the panel to achieve prescribed buckling loads or fundamental frequency. C1 [Byrd, Larry W.] Struct Sci Ctr, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. FU Structural Sciences Center; Air Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [GS-23F8049H, F33601-03-F-0060] FX This research was sponsored by the Structural Sciences Center, Air Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory through contract GS-23F8049H (F33601-03-F-0060). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 371 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400059 ER PT S AU Reuter, R AF Reuter, R. BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Bending properties of functionally graded Ti/TiB SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE Ti-TiB; FGM; bending ID VIBRATION; PLATES AB Titanium-TiB functionally graded specimens were characterized under static and quasi-static bending loads. In some instances, the specimen configuration was also inverted to capture both the tensile and compressive behaviors of the commercially pure titanium and the Ti/TiB layers. Strain values were gathered from multiple acquisition systems including resistance strain gauging, digital image correlation, and fiber optic gauging. Values were compared to linear FEM results at an applied load of 5K lbs. It was found that when loaded with the Ti in tension, the beam structure was successfully reinforced. On the contrary, when the ceramic composite was loaded in tension, the beam was bound by the rupture strength of the ceramic composite. Also, when comparing linear FEM results to the measurement techniques, the results are fairly accurate in quantifying the bending tests. RP Reuter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 383 EP 390 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400061 ER PT S AU Byrd, L Rickerd, G Wyen, T Cooley, G Quast, J AF Byrd, Larry Rickerd, Greg Wyen, Travis Cooley, Glenn Quast, Jeff BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Test method for the fatigue life of layered TiB/Ti functionally graded beams subjected to fully reversed bending SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE sonic fatigue; functionally graded material; fully reversed bending AB Sonic fatigue of aircraft is characterized by fully reversed bending of components subjected to acoustic excitation. This problem is compounded in high temperature environments because solutions for acoustics which tend to result in stiff structures make thermal problems worse. Conversely solutions to the thermal problem which allow expansion often fail in the presence of high acoustic levels. Errors in fatigue life prediction in the combined environment often range from a factor of 4 to 10. This results in either heavy, overly stiff structure or premature failure. This work will test the hypothesis that the fatigue life of a layered functionally graded material (FGM) will be dominated by the failure of the stiffest outer layer. This is based on the observation that for isotropic materials the life is approximately 90% crack initiation and only 10% crack growth before failure. Four sets of cantilever specimens will be tested using an electro-mechanical shaker for base excitation. The excitation will be narrow band random around the fundamental frequency. Two sets of specimens are of uniform composition consisting of 85%TiB/Ti and two are graded specimens consisting of layers that vary from commercially pure titanium to 85%TiB/Ti. Strain vs number of cycles to failure curves will be generated with both constant amplitude sine and narrow band random around the fundamental frequency excitation. The results will be examined to compare life of the uniform material to the functionally graded material. Also to be studied will be the use of Miner's rule to predict the fatigue life of the randomly excited specimens. RP Byrd, L (reprint author), USAF, AFRL VAS, Bldg 65 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 391 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400062 ER PT S AU Byrd, L Wyen, T Byrd, A AF Byrd, Larry Wyen, Travis Byrd, Alex BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Thermoelastic analysis of a vibrating TiB/Ti cantilever beam using differential thermography SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE thermoelastic; TiB/Ti functionally graded; differential thermography AB Differential thermography has been used to detect the fluctuating temperatures due the thermoelastic effect for a number of years. This paper examines functionally graded TiB/Ti cantilever beams excited on an electromechanical shaker in fully reversed bending. Finite difference analysis of specimens was used to look at the effect of heat conduction, convection and the fundamental frequency on the surface temperature distribution and compared to experimental data. The thermoelastic effect was also used to detect cracking and the stress field at the tip of the fixture during fatigue. RP Byrd, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 397 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400063 ER PT S AU Byrd, L Beberniss, T Chapman, B Cooley, G Feie, J AF Byrd, Larry Beberniss, Tim Chapman, Ben Cooley, Glenn Feie, John BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Dynamic response of layered TiB/Ti functionally graded material specimens SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE dynamic testing; damping; functionally graded materials AB This paper covers the dynamic response of rectangular (25.4 x 101.6 x 3.175mm) specimens manufactured from layers of TiB/Ti. The layers contained volume fractions of TiB that varied from 0 to 85% and thus formed a functionally graded material. Witness samples of the 85% TiB material were also tested to provide a baseline for the statistical variability of the test techniques. Static and dynamic tests were performed to determine the in situ material properties and fundamental frequencies. Damping in the material/ fixture was also found from the dynamic response. These tests were simulated using composite beam theory which gave an analytical solution, and using finite element analysis. The response of the 85% TiB specimens was found to be much more uniform than the functionally graded material and the dynamic response more uniform than the static response. A least squares analysis of the data using the analytical solutions were used to determine the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of each layer. These results were used to model the response in the finite element analysis. The results indicate that current analytical and numerical methods for modeling the material give similar and adequate predictions for natural frequencies if the measured property values were used. The models did not agree as well if the properties from the manufacturer or those of Hill and Linn were used. C1 [Byrd, Larry; Beberniss, Tim; Chapman, Ben; Cooley, Glenn; Feie, John] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Byrd, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 403 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400064 ER PT S AU Tuegel, EJ Byrd, LW Beberniss, TJ AF Tuegel, Eric J. Byrd, Larry W. Beberniss, Timothy J. BE Paulino, GH Pindera, MJ Dodds, RH Rochinha, FA Dave, EV Chen, L TI Prediction of dynamic response for Ti/TiB functionally graded beams SO MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE Ti/TiB functionally graded material; bending stiffness; natural frequency; elastic modulus AB Functionally graded ceramic-metal materials are candidates for use in aerospace structures that are exposed to high temperatures. These structures will experience other demands such as significant pressure fluctuations that will cause panels to vibrate at high frequencies. These materials must be engineered for specific applications. Standard engineering methods were used to predict the response of Ti/TiB cantilever beams to quasi-static and dynamic loadings. Experiments were performed and compared to the predictions. The predictions and experiments did not agree due to significant uncertainty about the elastic modulus of TiB. C1 [Tuegel, Eric J.; Byrd, Larry W.; Beberniss, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Sci Ctr, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tuegel, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Sci Ctr, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0492-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 973 BP 416 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BHN30 UT WOS:000254471400066 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Haji-Saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John BE Dasarathy, BV TI Smart optical receiver for beamforming and enhancement of field of view in LADAR systems SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE LADAR; beamforming; data fusion ID WIRELESS COMMUNICATION; PERFORMANCE AB We propose using the smart antenna principle as the basis of a new design for smart optical receivers in LADAR systems. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of designing a LADAR system with a receiver consisting of an array of photodetectors, which leads to field-of-view enhancement and beamforming by fusing streams of video information received from the detectors. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate this design by fusing several video information streams from different fields of view using our Mathworks Simulinko model. The fusion algorithm uses the fuzzy logic maximum operation on the data output from the cameras. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7165-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6974 AR 69740H DI 10.1117/12.777655 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIA87 UT WOS:000257982700016 ER PT S AU Mendoza, OL Arnold, G Stiller, P AF Mendoza, Olga L. Arnold, Gregory Stiller, Peter BE Dasarathy, BV TI Further exploration of the object-image metric with image registration in mind SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE image registration; invariants; object-image relations; object-image metrics; ATR ID VISION METRICS AB An object-image metric is an extension of standard metrics in that it is constructed for matching and comparing configurations of object features to configurations of image features. For the generalized weak perspective camera, it is invariant to any affine transformation of the object or the image. Recent research in the exploitation of the object-image metric suggests new approaches to Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). This paper explores the object-imao,e metric and its limitations. Through a series of experiments, we specifically seek to understand how the object-image metric could be applied to the image registration problem-an enabling technology for ATR. C1 [Mendoza, Olga L.; Arnold, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mendoza, OL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stiller@math.tamu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7165-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6974 AR 697405 DI 10.1117/12.777181 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIA87 UT WOS:000257982700004 ER PT B AU Morton, TE Marhefka, RJ AF Morton, Thomas E. Marhefka, Ronald J. GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Large Cylindrical Arrays Comprised of Subarray Panels SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID TRUE-TIME-DELAY; GRATING LOBES; AMPLITUDE; ANTENNAS; DESIGN AB Using classical array theory this paper presents directivity, sidelobe, and bandwidth performance analysis over narrow and wide bandwidths in the microwave frequency region for several large cylindrical array configurations comprised of panel subarrays. The degree of main beam spreading, grating lobe levels, and directivity loss is presented for several designs involving trade-offs between true time delay beam scanning and phase shifter beam scanning. It is also shown that the grating lobes may be reduced with an amplitude taper across the array. C1 [Morton, Thomas E.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marhefka, Ronald J.] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Morton, TE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.morton@wpafb.af.mil; marhefka.1@osu.edu FU DARPA; STO; MTO FX This work was supported by DARPA STO and MTO NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806514 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000009 ER PT B AU Liou, LL Lin, DM Tsui, JB AF Liou, L. L. Lin, D. M. Tsui, J. B. GP IEEE TI DETERMINATION OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE RECEIVER'S INSTANTANEOUS DYNAMIC RANGE USING MUSIC METHOD SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB The purpose of this paper is to find the limit of instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) for electronic warfare (EW) receivers with two-signal detection capability. In order to make the limit independent of the order of music method, very high order is used. Two signal detection criterions are used. One criterion is through the eigenvalue distribution. The other is through the frequency identification using the music spectral analysis. General behavior of IDR vs. frequency shows a small IDR at small frequency separation and that IDR reaches a saturation value at some frequency separation. This is the expected result. In order to apply to practical EW receiver design, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with various numbers of bits are used to calculate the IDR. The calculated results for ADC with different number of bits are curve fitted to represent the IDR vs. frequency separation. These curves can be used as the limit for digital EW receiver designs. C1 [Liou, L. L.; Lin, D. M.; Tsui, J. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806517 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000012 ER PT B AU Morton, T Sickles, K AF Morton, Thomas Sickles, Kevin GP IEEE TI The Role of Propagation Effects in Airborne RF Communication Systems Design SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB Recent years have seen the emergence of Unmanned Aerial Systems performing roles that use various Radio Frequency (RF) systems. Thus, there is a need to use accurate and broadly capable signal propagation models to capture multi-path effects as well as atmospheric effects in system requirements analysis. One such model, the Variable Terrain Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation (VTRPE) model, enables the required analysis for a wide range of applications. The work presented in this paper uses VTRPE to analyze signal propagation in multi-path environments and places the results in a system design context drawing conclusions to aid in airborne RF systems design. C1 [Morton, Thomas; Sickles, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morton, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.morton@wpafb.af.mil; kevin.sickles@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806520 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000015 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Havig, PR Aleva, DL Dixon, SA AF Repperger, D. W. Havig, P. R. Aleva, D. L. Dixon, S. A. GP IEEE TI Research Issues Related to the Visualization of Complex and Networked Systems SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB A number of research issues are discussed on how best to visualize performance and vulnerability in complex and distributed network systems. A powerful paradigm would be to convey information about a distributed network to a decision maker using natural attributes of display systems such as color, shape, and other variables. Future visualizations are hypothesized to enable decision makers to better understand complex visualizations so they can allocate scarce resources to protect their networks. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Havig, P. R.; Aleva, D. L.; Dixon, S. A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 92 EP 93 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806523 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000018 ER PT B AU Kim, SN Singh, KM Ouchen, F Grote, JG Naik, RR AF Kim, Sang Nyon Singh, Kristi M. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. Naik, Rajesh R. GP IEEE TI DNA Mediated Solubilization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB DNA has been recognized as an efficient dispersion agent that individually exfoliate and chirality-fractionate single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) according to their diameter and metallicity. Amongst, single stranded d(GT)(n) DNA has been known to efficiently disperse individual-level nanotube and mediate their subsequent chirality separation, when elated from an anion exchange column at various salt concentrations. However, the cost for typical synthetic oligomer, ranging similar to 25,000$/g, hinders the bulk-scale solubilization and separation of SWCNTs. In this paper, we present a solubilization and separation study of SWCNTs by using salmon sperm DNA (SaDNA), which costs 20$/g as a byproduct from the fishing industry. We show that the SaDNA exfoliates and disperses SWCNTs on a comparable level to d(GT)(n) oligomer. The NIR and resonance Raman analysis from the solubilized nanotube samples will be presented along with the chirality dependent separation results from SaDNA mediated SWCNT dispersion. C1 [Kim, Sang Nyon; Singh, Kristi M.; Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James G.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kim, SN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000019 ER PT B AU Diggs, DE Grote, JG Bartsch, C Ouchen, F Sharma, A Taguenang, JM Kassu, A Sileshi, R AF Diggs, Darnell E. Grote, James G. Bartsch, Carrie Ouchen, Fahima Sharma, Anup Taguenang, J. M. Kassu, Aschalew Sileshi, Redahegn GP IEEE TI UV Lithographic Patterning on Spin-coated DNA Thin-films SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE DE UV lithography; DNA; microarrays; protein sensing ID COMPLEX AB Photopatterning with 266 nm UV light was accomplished on spin-coated DNA thin films using two different techniques. Lithographic masks were used to create 10-100 micron-sized arrays of enhanced hydrophilicity. Two such masks were used: (1) Polka Dot Filter having opaque squares and a transparent grid and (2) A metal wire-mesh having transparent squares and opaque grid. UV light selectively photodissociates the DNA film where it is exposed into smaller more hydrophilic fragments. UV-exposed films are then coated with a solution of a protein. The protein appears to selectively coat over areas exposed to UV light. We have also used interferometric lithography with UV light to accomplish patterning on the scale of I micron on DNA thin films. This technique has the potential to generate micro/nano arrays and vary the array-size. This paper describes the fabrication of these microarrays and a plausible application for fabricating antibody arrays for protein sensing applications. C1 [Diggs, Darnell E.; Grote, James G.; Bartsch, Carrie; Ouchen, Fahima] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Diggs, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806525 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000020 ER PT B AU Ouchen, F Subramanyam, G Zate, H Grote, JG Kim, SN Singh, K Naik, R AF Ouchen, F. Subramanyam, G. Zate, H. Grote, J. G. Kim, S. N. Singh, K. Naik, R. GP IEEE TI Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) based BioTransistors SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID CIRCUITS AB In this paper, we report the first results on DNA based thin film field effect transistors (TFFET). The DNA molecules are extracted from Salmon's milt and roe sacs and purified to 96%. DNA based thin films are obtained using different techniques including spin coating, molecular beam deposition (MBD), pulse laser deposition (PLD)...etc. An increase in the overall charge carrier mobility was achieved by blending the DNA molecules with conductive polymers such as PEDOT:PSS as well as conductive nanoparticles such as single wall carbon nanotubes. MOSFETs with bottom gate, bottom contact structures using DNA based thin films as the semi-conductive layer have been developed. C1 [Ouchen, F.; Zate, H.; Grote, J. G.] USAF, Res Lab, RXPS, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Ouchen, F.; Subramanyam, G.; Singh, K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kim, S. N.; Naik, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RXBN, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXPS, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM James.grote@wpafb.af.mil; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 102 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806526 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000021 ER PT B AU Singh, KA Brott, LL Grote, JG Naik, RR AF Singh, Kristi A. Brott, Lawrence L. Grote, James G. Naik, Rajesh R. GP IEEE TI Inkjet Printing of DNA for Use in Bioelectronic Applications SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID FILMS AB Biopolymers have received much attention lately for use in electronic applications. Salmon DNA complexed with cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DNA-CTMA) produces a material soluble in organic solvents, enhancing the ease of processing. DNA-CTMA has shown promise as an electron blocking layer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and potential as a gate insulating material in field effect transistors (FETs). To realize an all bio-based FET, we are continuing to investigate the use of DNA as the semiconducting layer. In addition to tailoring the properties of the biomaterial to increase the conductivity, we are also trying to better characterize these materials and explore different deposition techniques. Inkjet printing offers an unique ability to reproducibly deposit materials in a spatially controlled fashion, using picoliter amounts with high throughput. This paper will present how parameters such as solvent evaporation rate and substrate influence film properties. The characterization of the resulting DNA films includes atomic force microscopy (AFM) and white light interferometry. C1 [Singh, Kristi A.; Brott, Lawrence L.; Grote, James G.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806527 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000022 ER PT B AU Masturzo, S Jackson, H Boyd, J Ewing, R Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H Yarrison-Rice, J AF Masturzo, Scott Jackson, Howard Boyd, Joseph Ewing, Robert Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda Yarrison-Rice, Jan GP IEEE TI Optically Tuneable Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Photonic Integrated Circuits SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID SOLID-IMMERSION MIRROR AB Incorporation of DNA into nanoscale wells in a silicon substrate has been demonstrated to show fabrication feasibility for optically tunable photonic crystal waveguides. A change in propagation characteristics due to DNA incorporation has been observed for a silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguide. C1 [Masturzo, Scott; Jackson, Howard; Boyd, Joseph] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ewing, Robert; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yarrison-Rice, Jan] Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Masturzo, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mastursa@ececs.uc.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [0216374] FX This work was supported in part by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute, in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0216374, in part by the State of Ohio, and in part by the University of Cincinnati. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 127 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806531 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000026 ER PT B AU Hollenbeck, MC Stevens, K Brower, R Ewing, R Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H AF Hollenbeck, Michael C. Stevens, Kenneth Brower, Ronald Ewing, Robert Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda GP IEEE TI Capacitive Ionic Current Measurement in a Polymer-Electrolyte Transistor SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID KOHLRAUSCH-WILLIAMS-WATTS; DOMAIN HAVRILIAK-NEGAMI; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; DISPERSION AB Organic transistors that use dissolved ions to conduct current are able to reproduce the current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor transistors. The polymer-electrolyte transistor (PET) consists of a three-source acid/base reaction system, where a polymer gel separates the three source electrolytes and allows for transistor activity in the movement of the ions through the gel. The ability to directly measure the ionic current in the polymer of a PET reaction system without interfering with the reaction is a difficult task. Understanding the interfacial properties of an electrode-polymer junction will allow for a non-invasive method of directly measuring the ionic currents of the PET. The complex dielectric properties of a polymer system are considered, as well as the effect of the polymer-electrode interface. C1 [Hollenbeck, Michael C.; Stevens, Kenneth] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Brower, Ronald; Ewing, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Hollenbeck, MC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806532 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000027 ER PT B AU Rovito, T Layne, J Priddy, K Blasch, E Suddarth, S AF Rovito, Todd Layne, Jeff Priddy, Kevin Blasch, Erik Suddarth, Steve GP IEEE TI Antenna Aimpoint Integration for Staring-Mode Surveillance (AIMS) SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE ID SELECTION AB Current persistent surveillance approaches require robust designs to maintain a fixed operational picture. In this paper, we design, develop, and demonstrate a feasible aimpoint solution. In the design, we derive the mathematical transformation requirements to show a system-level design. Using the transformations, we develop an operational methodology for real-time and robust aimpoint solution that includes a ground antenna, and an aircraft with a gimbal mounted camera and data link. Finally, we demonstrate a workable prototype with real-world results. The AIMS methodology supports communication timing constraints, a closed-loop feedback for error correction, and a succinct, efficient, and effective method for maintaining persistent surveillance. C1 [Rovito, Todd; Layne, Jeff; Priddy, Kevin; Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Suddarth, Steve] New Mexico Collaborat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rovito, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, RYA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM todd.rovito@wpafb.af.mil; director@fpgamac.org FU NASA Glenn Research Center for excellent flight test FX We would like to thank NASA Glenn Research Center for excellent flight test support and LtCol Steve Webber for proof reading. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 133 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806533 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000028 ER PT B AU Teller, J Ozguner, F Ewing, R AF Teller, Justin Oezguener, Fuesun Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Using a Tiled Architecture to Process Data from High-Bandwidth, Optical Interfaces SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB In this paper, we propose a physical process inspired routing that routes data from a high-bandwidth data port to multiple processing tiles. Our routing is named Magnetic Based Routing (MBR); data is "attracted" towards the processing tiles that need the data and is "repulsed" away from other data flows. C1 [Teller, Justin; Oezguener, Fuesun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Teller, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tellerj@ece.osu.edu; ozguner@ece.osu.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 142 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806535 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000030 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Haas, MW McDonald, JT Ewing, RL AF Repperger, D. W. Haas, M. W. McDonald, J. T. Ewing, R. L. GP IEEE TI Cyberspace and Networked Systems - Paradigms for Security and Dynamic Attacks SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB A variety of issues are discussed related to cyberspace warfare and network systems. Present systems are now highly distributed, yet may be extremely vulnerable. Means of developing performance, vulnerability and dynamic response to several types of cyber attacks are considered. It is seen that both the architecture of a distributed network and the characteristics of the constituent nodes that control flows highly influence performance and vulnerability. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Haas, M. W.; Ewing, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDonald, J. T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 168 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806541 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000036 ER PT B AU Nowak, DJ Lamont, GB AF Nowak, Dustin J. Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI Autonomous Self Organized UAV Swarm Systems SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB Interest in Self-Organized (SO) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) systems is increasing because of their flexibility, versatility and economics. Many countries and industries are developing autonomous and swarming UAVs for reconnaissance, surveillance, intelligence gathering, and target engagement and neutralization. The processes for effectively developing these systems are still in their infancy. Currently, little effort is focused on building simple agent rules with low-level SO systems communication in order to facilitate emergent behaviors. Note that only with the use of effective control structures can the full potential of these systems realized. Presented is an innovative new paradigm for developing SO-based autonomous vehicles. Using a formal design model, the Interactive Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, a full understanding of this SO domain is possible. With this design model and a focused effort on the minimization of computational and informational complexity, emergent entangled control hierarchies allow the SO rules to operate efficiently and effectively. This work extends the formal model decomposition technique, and in doing so ties in the information theoretic optimization to develop emergent structures. Preliminary computational results reflect limited success. C1 [Nowak, Dustin J.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management,WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management,WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. EM dustin.nowak@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806544 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000039 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Rice, A Yang, C Kadar, I AF Blasch, Erik Rice, Andrew Yang, Chun Kadar, Ivan GP IEEE TI Relative Track Metrics to Determine Model Mismatch SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE DE Relative track metrics; NCI; PF; UKF; PDAF AB Tracking performance is a function of data quality, tracker type, and target maneuverability. Many contemporary tracking methods are useful for various operating conditions. To determine nonlinear tracking performance independent of the scenario, we wish to explore metrics that highlight the tracker capability. With the emerging relative track metrics, as opposed to root-mean-square error (RMS) calculations, we explore the Averaged Normalized Estimation Error Squared (ANESS) and Non Credibility Index (NCI) to determine tracker quality independent of the data. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of relative metrics to determine a model mismatch, or more specifically a bias in the model, using the probabilistic data association filter, the unscented Kalman filter, and the particle filter. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Rice, Andrew] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, Harleysville, PA 19438 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; andrew.rice@wpafb.af.mil; chunyang@sigtem.com; ikadar@SystemsSciences.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 257 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000051 ER PT B AU Blasch, EP AF Blasch, Erik P. GP IEEE TI Derivation of a Reliability Metric for Fused Data Decision Making SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE DE Metrics; fusion; quality; reliability; fidelity AB Users require information fusion to reduce dimensionality for real world, complex decision-making. Typically, researchers design fusion systems based on limited data that does not capture all operating conditions seen in the real world (i.e. weather for video sensors). Fusion systems are of limited use when presented with poor data, inappropriate models, and unrealistic assumptions. Decision makers are burdened with the task of determining the quality of fused output based on trial and error. If the fusion system works in most scenarios, aids the user in purposeful decisions, and leads to successful actions; the user has high system confidence. However, if the fusion system causes erroneous results that lead to poor decisions, the user disposes of the entire system - which could have been the result of bad data, incomplete models, and restricted assumptions. Thus, when a fusion system is fielded, there has to be metrics associated with model fidelity, data uncertainty, and constraints over applicability. By combing representations of data quality; this paper derives a reliability metric to aid users to trust fusion outputs, perform a utility assessment, and refine sensor collections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806558 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000053 ER PT B AU Kahler, B Blasch, E AF Kahler, Bart Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Sensor Management Fusion Using Operating Conditions SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE DE Tracking; Sensor Management; Performance Models; Performance Evaluation; Metrics; Scenarios AB System control includes sensor management, user refinement, and mission accomplishment (SUM. An example of simultaneous tracking and identification includes (1) mission goals of resource appropriation and goal priorities, (2) user selection of targets and areas of coverage, and (3) fusion of data and sensory information. Many sensor management (SM) approaches are data-driven which includes filtering, aggregation, and normalization; however that does not include intelligent design. A top-down approach would facilitate the use of the right sensor, collecting the needed information, at the correct time. In order to better design SM algorithms, we utilize sensor, target, environmental, and automatic tat-get recognition performance models for automatic target exploitation (ATE) prediction. Similar to pruning nodes in a Bayes net aggregation, a sensor manager can utilize the operating conditions (OCs) {i.e. sensor, target, environment} to condition the cost function, sensor-to-target assignment constraints, and scheduling times. An example is presented of determining task value of electro-optical sensor selection and scheduling based on the range to target, tat-get size, and environmental conditions (e.g. occlusions). The key aspect of the SMOC provides accurate assignment and scheduling based on up-to-date database information, a capabilities matrix, and pragmatic sensor use to improve task satisfaction. C1 [Kahler, Bart] Gen Dynam Corp, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kahler, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bart.kahler@wpafb.af.mil; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 281 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806559 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000054 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Pinkus, AR Skipper, JA Woodyard, R AF Repperger, D. W. Pinkus, A. R. Skipper, J. A. Woodyard, R. GP IEEE TI Studies on Image Fusion Techniques for Dynamic Applications SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB A survey of present methods and current techniques being pursued by the US Air Force for image fusion and registration is conducted. Formulating the problem within a signal detection theory framework provides a unique thrust. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Pinkus, A. R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Skipper, J. A.; Woodyard, R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Human Factors & Ind Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 300 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806562 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000057 ER PT B AU Tepvorachai, G Papachristou, C Wolff, F Ewing, R AF Tepvorachai, Gorn Papachristou, Chris Wolff, Frank Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Cognitive Information Processing in Face Recognition SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB In the conventional eigenface method, the principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm associates the Eigen vectors with the changes in illumination. In this paper, we propose an improvement of facial image association for face recognition using a cognitive processing model. This method is based on the notion of multiple-phase associative memory. The Essex face database is used to verify our model for facial image recognition and compare the results of face recognition with conventional eigenface method. The simulation results show that the proposed cognitive processing model approach results in better performance than that of the conventional eigenface approach; while the computational complexity remains of the same magnitude as that of the eigenface method. C1 [Tepvorachai, Gorn; Papachristou, Chris; Wolff, Frank] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept EECS, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ewing, Robert] Civ USAF, AFRL, RITA, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. RP Tepvorachai, G (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept EECS, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM gxt16@case.edu; cap2@case.edu; fxw12@case.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 312 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806564 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000059 ER PT B AU Ewing, R Quinn, D Zheng, Y Fickus, M Oxley, M Morrison, J Seetharaman, G Matungka, R Sandor, V AF Ewing, Robert Quinn, Dennis Zheng, Yuan Fickus, Matt Oxley, Mark Morrison, Jamie Seetharaman, Guna Matungka, Rittavee Sandor, Viviana GP IEEE TI Image Registration using Polar Wavelets SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB To deal with the large amounts of data generated in 21(st) century applications such as multi-level, cross-domain representation of multi-modal signals (e.g. video, images, hyperspectral) for efficient transmission, storage, manipulation, multi-modal data mining, and machine learning; identification of signals (friendly, threat etc.), streaming video, and 3-D image processing, new methods of information analysis and data storage are needed. With the large amount of noisy 3-D data generated in these 21(st) century applications and the use of 3-D memory to store this large amount of data, the power of 3-D wavelets for confirmatory image processing shape defection is needed. C1 [Ewing, Robert; Morrison, Jamie] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Quinn, Dennis; Sandor, Viviana] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Zheng, Yuan; Matungka, Rittavee] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert; Quinn, Dennis; Fickus, Matt; Oxley, Mark] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Research Grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory [F3361500-D-17260014] FX This work is partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Maj Amy L. Magnus) and a Research Grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory F3361500-D-17260014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 316 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806565 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000060 ER PT B AU Molina, E Tang, H Zhu, ZG Mendoza, O AF Molina, Edgardo Tang, Hao Zhu, Zhigang Mendoza, Olga GP IEEE TI Mosaic-based Modeling and Rendering of Large-Scale Dynamic Scenes for Internet Applications SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB 3D models of large-scale scenes available on the Internet today are largely manually created. Thus it takes a long time to create them for cities and update them as those cities that are already modeled continue to change. Multiple parallel-perspective mosaics can be generated from video automatically and more efficiently and can be used to reconstruct 3D scenes faster. 4 lot of video currently exists on the Internet, many of which are of aerial scenes that are currently not being utilized to their full potential. Reconstructing scenes from video provides the benefit of containing dynamic activity and texture information of the scenes in addition to the 3D structure data. C1 [Molina, Edgardo; Tang, Hao; Zhu, Zhigang] CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Mendoza, Olga] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Molina, E (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. RI Tang, Hua/K-4948-2016 OI Tang, Hua/0000-0002-6685-6165 FU AFRL/SN [FA8650-05-1-1853]; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0199]; NSF [CNS-0551598] FX This work is supported by AFRL/SN under Award No. FA865005-11853, by AFOSR under Award No. FA955008-10199, and by NSF under Grant No. CNS-0551598. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. However, the views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 322 EP + DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806566 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000061 ER PT B AU Brower, RW Ewing, RL Brower, AJ AF Brower, Ronald W. Ewing, Robert L. Brower, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI Modeling Protein-Based 3-D Memory in SPICE SO NAECON 2008 - IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2008) CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB The Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Engineering (SPICE) has been used successfully for many years to aid semiconductor circuit design. SPICE represents circuits as networks of basic devices with interacting parameters (current, voltage, etc.), and then models these interactions as systems of partial differential equations. Biological systems are roughly similar, consisting of networks of interacting biochemical cycles whose resulting chemical concentrations can also be modeled by partial differential equations. In the present work, we use SPICE to model an optically-accessed, protein-based, 3-D memory. Modeling the protein's photochemical effects in SPICE allows us to include, within the same model, the supporting electronics and optics needed to properly cycle the memory and interface it to the outside world. C1 [Brower, Ronald W.; Ewing, Robert L.; Brower, Andrew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brower, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.brower@wpafb.af.mil; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil; andrew.brower@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2615-7 PY 2008 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806577 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKN28 UT WOS:000268668000072 ER PT S AU Diggs, DE Grote, JG Bartsch, C Ouchen, F Sharma, A Taguenang, JM Kassu, A Sileshi, R AF Diggs, Darnell E. Grote, James G. Bartsch, Carrie Ouchen, Fahima Sharma, Anup Taguenang, J. M. Kassu, Aschalew Sileshi, Redahegn BE Heckman, EM Singh, TB Yoshida, J TI UV Lithographic Patterning on Spin-coated DNA Thin-films SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization and Applications CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE UV lithography; DNA; microarrays; protein sensing ID COMPLEX AB Photopatterning with 266 nm UV light was accomplished on spin-coated DNA thin films using two different techniques. Lithographic masks were used to create 10-100 micron-sized arrays of enhanced hydrophilicity. Two such masks were used: (1) Polka Dot Filter having opaque squares and a transparent grid and (2) A metal wire-mesh having transparent squares and opaque grid. UV light selectively photodissociates the DNA film where it is exposed into smaller more hydrophilic fragments. UV-exposed films are then coated with a solution of a protein. The protein appears to selectively coat over areas exposed to UV light. We have also used interferometric lithography with UV light to accomplish patterning on the scale of I micron on DNA thin films. This technique has the potential to generate micro/nano arrays and vary the array-size. This paper describes the fabrication of these microarrays and a plausible application for fabricating antibody arrays for protein sensing applications. C1 [Diggs, Darnell E.; Grote, James G.; Bartsch, Carrie; Ouchen, Fahima] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Diggs, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7040 AR 70400E DI 10.1117/12.802222 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIO45 UT WOS:000261333900007 ER PT S AU Harbaugh, SV Davidson, ME Chushak, YG Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Harbaugh, Svetlana V. Davidson, Molly E. Chushak, Yaroslav G. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. BE Heckman, EM Singh, TB Yoshida, J TI Riboswitch-based sensor in low optical background SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization and Applications CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Riboswitch; theophylline; TEV protease; FRET; REACh ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; CASPASE-3 AB Riboswitches are a type of natural genetic control element that use untranslated sequence in the RNA to recognize and bind to small molecules that regulate expression of that gene. Creation of synthetic riboswitches to novel ligands depends on the ability to screen for analyte binding sensitivity and specificity. In our work, we have coupled a synthetic riboswitch to an optical reporter assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two genetically-coded fluorescent proteins. Specifically, a theophylline-sensitive riboswitch was placed upstream of the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease coding sequence, and a FRET-based construct, BFP-eGFP or eGFP-REACh, was linked by a peptide encoding the recognition sequence for TEV protease. Cells expressing the riboswitch showed a marked optical difference in fluorescence emission in the presence of theophylline. However, the BFP-eGFP FRET pair posses significant optical background that reduces the sensitivity of a FRET-based assay. To improve the optical assay, we designed a nonfluorescent yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) mutant called REACh (for Resonance Energy-Accepting Chromoprotein) as the FRET acceptor for cGFP, The advantage of using an cGFP-REACh pair is the elimination of acceptor fluorescence which leads to an improved detection of FRET via better signal-to-noise ratio. The EGFP-REACh fusion protein was constructed with the TEV protease cleavage site; thus upon TEV translation, cleavage occurs diminishing REACh quenching and increasing eGFP emission resulting in a 4.5-fold improvement in assay sensitivity. C1 [Harbaugh, Svetlana V.; Davidson, Molly E.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Harbaugh, SV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7040 AR 70400C DI 10.1117/12.796122 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIO45 UT WOS:000261333900006 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Kim, SN Hay, M Zate, H Subramanyam, G Grote, JG Bartsch, CM Naik, R AF Ouchen, F. Kim, S. N. Hay, M. Zate, H. Subramanyam, G. Grote, J. G. Bartsch, C. M. Naik, R. BE Heckman, EM Singh, TB Yoshida, J TI DNA-Conductive polymer blends for applications in Biopolymer based field effect transistors (FETs) SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization and Applications CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA; Conductive polymers; Baytron P; SWCNT; Platinum nanoparticles; Thin film field effect transistors ID COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; CIRCUITS; FILM AB This paper demonstrates the use of DNA based biopolymers as semiconducting thin films in organic field effect transistors. The "doping" of the DNA molecules with conductive polymers leads to a significant decrease of the overall resistivity in the blend with effective free charge carrier mobilities comparable to other conductive polymers such as Pentacene and P3HT. Baytron P as well as single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been explored as doping" conductive polymers. C1 [Ouchen, F.; Kim, S. N.; Hay, M.; Zate, H.; Grote, J. G.; Naik, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7040 AR 704009 DI 10.1117/12.801358 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIO45 UT WOS:000261333900004 ER PT S AU Zherebtsov, S Mironov, S Murzinova, M Salishchev, S Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, S. Mironov, S. Murzinova, M. Salishchev, S. Semiatin, S. L. BE Estrin, Y Maier, HJ TI Mechanical behaviour and microstructure evolution of severely deformed two-phase titanium alloys SO NANOMATERIALS BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Goslar, GERMANY DE titanium alloy; compression; large strain; mechanical behavior; microstructure evolution; misorientation ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SUBMICROCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE; HOT-WORKING; TI-6AL-4V; FLOW AB Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of alpha/beta Ti-6Al-4V (VT6) and near-beta Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (VT22) titanium alloys during uniaxial compression at 600 degrees C to a high strain of 70% was studied. The plastic-flow response for both alloys is characterized by successive stages of strain hardening, flow softening, and steady-state flow. During compression the lamellae spheroidized to produce a partially globular microstructure. Globularization in VT6 is associated with the loss of the initial Burgers-type coherency between the alpha and beta phases and the subsequent individual deformation of each phase. The misorientations of boundaries increase to the high-angle range by means of the accumulation of lattice dislocations. In VT22 alloy the alpha phase evolves similar to that in VT6 alloy, while in the beta phase mainly low-angle boundaries are observed even after 70 pct. reduction. C1 [Zherebtsov, S.; Salishchev, S.] Belgorod State Univ, Ctr Nanostructured Mat & Nanotechnol, 85 Pobeda St, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Mironov, S.; Murzinova, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zherebtsov, S (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Ctr Nanostructured Mat & Nanotechnol, 85 Pobeda St, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM zherebtsov@bsu.edu.ru; mma@imsp.da.ru; smironov@argon.material.tohoku.ac.jp; salishchev@bsu.edu.ru; Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; FU ISTC Project [#3184] FX The work was supported by the ISTC Project #3184. The authors gratefully thank Professor Y.S. Sato (Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University,Japan) for the help in EBSD analysis. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 584-586 BP 771 EP 776 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BIH03 UT WOS:000259440800126 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Pepper, M AF Huang, D. H. Gumbs, G. Pepper, M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Surface-Acoustic-Wave Based Quantum-Well Photodetectors SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments II CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface-acoustic-wave; quantum well; tunneling escape; inelastic capture ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; CHANNEL; TEMPERATURE; GAAS AB We develop a dual-charged-fluid model is to explore the surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) dragged photocurrents of one-dimensional (1D) confined-state carriers in a steady state. The proposed model takes into account the quantum confinement, the tunneling escape of SAW-dragged 1D carriers, the inelastic capture of two-dimensional continuous-state carriers and the induced self-consistent space-charge field. The numerical results demonstrate a high optical gain due to suppressed recombination of 1D carriers in a region between an absorption strip and a surface gate. Using a discrete model, we calculate the responsivity for the SAW-dragged photocurrent in a quantum well as functions of the gate voltage, photon flux, SAW power and frequency and temperature, respectively. A high responsivity (similar to 10(3) Amp/Watt) is shown for high gate voltages and SAW powers, as well as for low photon fluxes and SAW frequencies. C1 [Huang, D. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil; ggumb@hunter.cuny.edu; mp10000@cam.ac.uk NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7315-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7095 AR 70950I DI 10.1117/12.793840 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJB00 UT WOS:000264283700011 ER PT S AU Hubbs, JE Gramer, ME Maestas-Jepson, D Dole, GA Hahn, A AF Hubbs, John E. Gramer, Mark E. Maestas-Jepson, Diana Dole, Gary A. Hahn, Allan BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI The Impact of Radiation Hardened By Design (RHBD) Techniques on the Performance of Readout Integrated Circuits In Radiation Environments SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments II CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Hybrid Array; HgCdTe Detectors; Radiation Effects; Radiation Hardened By Design AB The tolerance of a hybrid array (HA) to total ionizing dose (TID) radiation continues to be a major performance consideration for space based imaging systems. In an effort to improve TID performance, HA manufacturers have begun to utilize circuit design techniques to enhance the TID tolerance of readout integrated circuits (ROICs). This paper will report on the radiometric and TID radiation characterizations of a HA that utilizes radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) techniques. This paper will not describe the design techniques used. Instead, characterization data are presented that demonstrate a HA TID tolerance of over 25 units of total ionizing dose (UTID). This result is compared with the performance of devices with ROICs processed at commercial foundries that do not make use of RHBD techniques. The HA described in this paper represents a state-of-the-art device; the ROIC was designed to be low noise, high gain, and radiation tolerant. While design techniques were utilized to enhance its TID hardness, no special fabrication processes were used. C1 [Hubbs, John E.; Gramer, Mark E.; Maestas-Jepson, Diana; Dole, Gary A.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hubbs, JE (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, POB 5209, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7315-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7095 AR 70950E DI 10.1117/12.796871 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJB00 UT WOS:000264283700008 ER PT J AU Green, KJ Hunter, CM Bray, RM Pemberton, M Williams, J AF Green, Kathy J. Hunter, Christine M. Bray, Robert M. Pemberton, Michael Williams, Jason TI Peer and role model influences for cigarette smoking in a young adult military population SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-USE; CESSATION; TOBACCO; ADOLESCENT; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; INITIATION AB Previous research has shown that 8% to 10% of nonsmokers initiated smoking during their first year of military service despite a period of forced abstinence during boot camp. To our knowledge, no studies have looked at the influence of peers and role models on the initiation of smoking among U.S. Air Force personnel who recently completed boot camp. This cross-sectional study examined the role of perceived peer norms, roommate influence, role model influence, perceived norms of all active duty personnel, and depressive symptoms in the initiation and reinitiation of smoking among 2,962 Air Force technical training students. Previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if they perceived that the majority of their classmates smoked (OR=1.67, 95% CI[1.05-2.67]) and if they reported that their military training leader or classroom instructor used tobacco products (OR=1.69, 95% CI[1.12-2.56]). Additionally, previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if their roommate smoked (OR=1.67, 95% CI[1.09-2.56]). Similar results were seen with previous smokers who perceived that the majority of their classmates smoked (OR=1.63, 95% CI[1.03-2.58]) and if they reported that their military training leader or classroom instructor used tobacco products (OR=1.95, 95% CI[1.29-2.94]). Our study suggests that military role models who use tobacco, peer smoking behavior, and perceived smoking norms increase the likelihood of smoking initiation among newly enlisted military personnel who have recently undergone a period of forced abstinence. C1 [Green, Kathy J.] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20032 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] NIDDK, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bray, Robert M.; Pemberton, Michael; Williams, Jason] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Green, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Surg Gen, 110 Luke Ave,Room 405, Washington, DC 20032 USA. EM kathy.green@pentagon.af.mil OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-3804-2594 FU USAMARMC Fort Detrick Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program [DAMD17-00-1-0581.]; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences FX Data collection was performed by RTI International (a trade name of Research Triangle Institute). Analysis and write-up were performed at RTI, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and Bolling AFB, DC. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official position, policy or decision of the Department of Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government unless so designated by other official documentation. This study was supported by USAMARMC Fort Detrick Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program grant number DAMD17-00-1-0581.; The authors thank Dr. Dana Bradshaw, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, who provided valuable support with the concept and design of this project. The authors report no competing interests. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1533 EP 1541 DI 10.1080/14622200802398763 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 363IA UT WOS:000260259800002 PM 18946772 ER PT S AU Johnson, SV Martin, JJ AF Johnson, Scott V. Martin, John J. BE Winston, R Koshel, RJ TI A Solid-State External Lighting System Modification for the KC-135 SO NONIMAGING OPTICS AND EFFICIENT ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Aircraft; Lighting; LED; IRED; Visible; Near-IR; Night; NVG; NVIS AB This paper documents the development and demonstration of a solid.-state NVIS-friendly visible and near-IR external lighting system modification for the KC-135. The system addresses cut-rent needs of tanker aircraft during night air-to-air refueling operations, and consists of solid-state visible and near-IR light-emitting diode based programmable replacements for selected existing incandescent lights on the exterior of the aircraft. The system utilizes a novel means of controlling output modes from light fixtures, is rapidly installable at the unit level, and entails only form-fit replacement of existing controls and light fixtures while utilizing only existing mounting provisions and wiring in the aircraft. Although the current design is specific to the KC-135, the system principle is applicable for installation or retrofit to any aircraft. The genesis of the concept, component design, integration on a KC- 135 test aircraft platform, and the results of ground demonstration assessment are described. C1 [Johnson, Scott V.; Martin, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, 711HPW RHA, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Johnson, SV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711HPW RHA, 6030 S Kent St,Bldg, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7279-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7059 AR 70590E DI 10.1117/12.797877 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIQ83 UT WOS:000262081000013 ER PT B AU Vera, A Llamocca, D Fabula, J Kemp, W Marquez, R Shedd, W Alexander, D AF Vera, Alonzo Llamocca, Daniel Fabula, Joe Kemp, William Marquez, Richard Shedd, Walter Alexander, David GP IEEE TI Xilinx Virtex V Field Programmable Gate Array Dose Rate Upset Investigations SO NSRE: 2008 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop 2008 CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE AB The results of ionizing dose rate experiments on XC5VLX50T FPGAs demonstrate the most susceptible upset mechanism of commercial devices and provide insight into the effectiveness of dose rate hardening of nano-scale technology by using epi substrates. C1 [Vera, Alonzo; Llamocca, Daniel] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fabula, Joe] Xilinx Inc, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. [Kemp, William] SES Consultants Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Marquez, Richard; Shedd, Walter; Alexander, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vera, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Llamocca, Daniel/0000-0003-1301-3655 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2545-7 PY 2008 BP 90 EP + DI 10.1109/REDW.2008.23 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM83 UT WOS:000260931600016 ER PT B AU Kim, SN Singh, KM Ouchen, F Grote, JG Naik, RR AF Kim, S. N. Singh, K. M. Ouchen, F. Grote, J. G. Naik, R. R. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Solubilization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Salmon Sperm DNA SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS: MATERIALS, FABRICATION, PARTICLES, AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technolog Pte Ltd, Agilent Technol, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technol, Arkalon Chem Technolog, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matrix, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amer, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU-tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Munster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE single wall carbon nanotubes; DNA; dispersion solubilization; spectroscopy AB Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been highlighted among scientific communities due to their potential to advance numerous application areas, such as in nanoscale circuits, ultrathin, flexible, and transparent conductors, supercapacitors, field emitters, actuators, nanosized electrochemical probes, transistors, photovoltaic devices, and nanoscale sensors. Aside from their immense technological importance, enhancing the structural purity and homogeneity by obtaining well dispersed and fractionated samples could also enable us to better characterize and model the SWCNTs. Recently, it has been possible to separate and/or enrich fractions of SWCNTs according to metallicity and diameter (d(t)). Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), specifically in synthetic oligomeric form, have been playing an important role in the exfoliation and subsequent d(t) and metallicity dependent separation of SWCNTs. However, their extreme high price for the synthesis needs to be overcome for the cost-effective and bulk scale solubilization and separation of SWCNTs. In this paper, we present a solubilization study of commercially available SWCNTs by using the DNA extracted from waste materials of the salmon fishing industry through an enzyme isolation process. The optical properties, including NIR and circular dichroism spectra, are also presented. C1 [Kim, S. N.; Singh, K. M.; Ouchen, F.; Grote, J. G.; Naik, R. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ouchen, F.] Univ Dayton, College Pk, OH 45469 USA. RP Kim, SN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM James.Grote@wpafb.af.mil; Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL; AFSOR FX This research was performed while Dr. Kim held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Financial support from AFSOR is greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500036 ER PT B AU MacCuspie, RI Park, K Naik, R Vaia, RA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Park, Kyoungweon Naik, Rajesh Vaia, Richard A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Synthesis of Janus Nanorods for Assemblies of Thermoresponsive Rod Pairs SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE Janus; gold nanorods; self-limiting assembly; nanorod pairs ID GOLD NANORODS; AU NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; COMPOSITES; ANISOTROPY; SURFACES; COLLOIDS; INDEX; FILMS AB Janus particles offer unique functionality; for example micron-scale Janus spheres are used for electronic paper. At the nanoscale, reproducible, scalable fabrication of Janus particles is one of the key enabling technologies for "bottom-up" assembly processes. For example, self-assembly of Au nanorod pairs created from Au Janus rods would provide a bottom-up, self-limiting assembly pathway alternative to current e-beam lithography methods. Commonly, Janus particles are synthesized using one of two masking concepts, either self masking resulting from directional vapor deposition or substrate masking to block non-directional modification chemistry. Using surface masks and non-directional chemistry, the ligand size was found to provide a limited range of tunability of the extent of asymmetric functionalization. This was found to agree well with geometrical-based theoretical predictions. The extent of asymmetry in the nanoparticle coverage was found to affect the protoassemblies of rods, where the greater the attractive coverage the larger the protoassemblies formed. This approach can potentially enable affordable fabrication of tangible quantities of thermoresponsive nanorods pairs for fundamental and application studies of gold nanorods pair spacing parameters and the effect on optical properties such as surface plasmon resonances. C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Park, Kyoungweon; Naik, Rajesh; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, 2941 Hobson Way,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 762 EP 765 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500200 ER PT B AU Reid, JR Vasilyev, V Webster, RT AF Reid, J. Robert Vasilyev, Vladimir Webster, Richard T. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Building Micro-Robots: A path to sub-mm(3) autonomous systems SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE MEMS; Robotics; Self Assembly; Silicon-on-insulator AB A process for realizing sub-cubic millimeter micro-robots is detailed. To date, the process has been used to produce spherical structures ranging from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm in diameter. A model of a 0.7 mm diameter spherical robot has been developed and an estimated power budget is provided. In addition, a model of the electrostatic actuators that will be used for the robot is covered. This model has been verified through experiments using external actuators. C1 [Reid, J. Robert; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Webster, Richard T.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RYHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RYHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8505-1 PY 2008 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMF51 UT WOS:000272170200047 ER PT B AU Weir, JD Thomas, MU AF Weir, Jeffery D. Thomas, Marlin U. BE Ravindran, AR TI Military Applications SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE HANDBOOK SE Operations Research Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMBAT; AIR; PROBABILITY C1 [Weir, Jeffery D.; Thomas, Marlin U.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weir, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-9721-9 J9 OPER RES SER PY 2008 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BJY39 UT WOS:000267418500026 ER PT J AU Youngstrom, PC Sedensky, M Grum, DF AF Youngstrom, Paul C. Sedensky, Margaret Grum, Daniel F. BE OGrady, JP Gimovsky, ML TI OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA SO OPERATIVE OBSTETRICS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUMBAR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA; ELECTIVE CESAREAN-SECTION; INTERVILLOUS BLOOD-FLOW; ACID-BASE STATUS; POSTPARTUM UTERINE PRESSURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEART-RATE PATTERN; LABOR ANALGESIA; INTRATHECAL SUFENTANIL C1 [Youngstrom, Paul C.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Youngstrom, Paul C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Sedensky, Margaret] Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sedensky, Margaret] Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Grum, Daniel F.] Univ Tennessee, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Memphis, TN USA. [Grum, Daniel F.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Youngstrom, PC (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 259 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86248-6 PY 2008 BP 193 EP 231 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511580987 PG 39 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Surgery SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Surgery GA BBU60 UT WOS:000308236500011 ER PT S AU Jindra, NM Imholte, ML AF Jindra, Nichole M. Imholte, Michelle L. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP Thomas, RJ TI The potential application of hairless guinea pigs as a replacement for the Yucatan mini-pig in animal studies - art. no. 685408 SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XIX CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE skin comparison; guinea pig; pigmentation; histology AB The Yucatan mini-pig (Sus scrofa) is one of the most widely used animal models for skin damage studies because it shares many of the same physical properties as human skin. While the Yucatan is ideal for laser exposure studies using a large spot size, its size and cost are excessive for projects using smaller beams. This experiment performed histological analysis of skin biopsies from pigmented Hairless Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) for epidermal thickness and melanin concentration. That data was then compared to similar information on the Yucatan. C1 [Jindra, Nichole M.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jindra, NM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6854 BP 85408 EP 85408 DI 10.1117/12.765463 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHQ16 UT WOS:000255358100005 ER PT S AU Zohner, JJ Clark, CD Khan, T McAdoo, BC Thomas, RJ AF Zohner, Justin J. Clark, Clifton D. Khan, Taufiquar McAdoo, Bonnie C. Thomas, Robert J. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP Thomas, RJ TI Incorporation of refractive index gradients in the solution of the radiative transport equation - art. no. 68540V SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XIX CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Monte Carlo; scattering; thermal lensing; non-uniform refractive index; ray tracing ID SCATTERING MEDIA; LIGHT TRANSPORT; TURBID TISSUES; APPROXIMATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB We have proposed a modified Monte Carlo approach to the solution of the radiative transport equation which has the unique feature of incorporating refractive index gradients within a multi-layer biological tissue model. In the approach, photon trajectories are computed using a solution of the Eikonal equation (ray-tracing methods) rather than linear trajectories. The method can be applied to the specific problem of incorporating thermal lensing and other non-linear effects in turbid media (biological tissues) by coupling the radiative transport solution into heat-transfer and damage models. In turn, the method can be applied in the establishment of laser exposure limits for tissue-penetrating wavelengths, as well as a number of additional applications in imaging, spectroscopy and vision science. C1 [Zohner, Justin J.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Zohner, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6854 BP V8540 EP V8540 DI 10.1117/12.765224 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHQ16 UT WOS:000255358100020 ER PT S AU Cundin, LX AF Cundin, Luisiana X. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP Thomas, RJ TI Spectral analysis of Pennes' bio-heat equation - art. no. 68540W SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XIX CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE differential heat equation; Fourier theory; complex integration AB Contained herein is a spectral analysis of Pennes' Bio-heat equation in three dimensions. Each section focuses upon a necessary step in the total solving of the differential system. Complex analysis was found necessary in resolving the inversion of the inhomogeneous term, yielding an unexpected result, where the solution space apparently is divided into two main curvatures, elliptic and hyperbolic. Each space represents a fundamental difference in heat transfer modality; hyperbolic being a reduction in magnitude, elliptic being a transfer of heat. From differential geometry, elliptic curvature complements hyperbolic spaces and the former is considered to be nested within the later. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Conceptual MindWorks Inc, RHDR, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Cundin, LX (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Conceptual MindWorks Inc, RHDR, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6854 BP W8540 EP W8540 DI 10.1117/12.772071 PG 23 WC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHQ16 UT WOS:000255358100021 ER PT S AU Mixon, DG AF Mixon, Dustin G. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP Thomas, RJ TI Modeling explosive cellular damage - art. no. 68540X SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XIX CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE cell model; preferential absorption; thermal expansion AB We derive a closed-form expression for the cell radius change induced by preferential absorption of continuous wave non-ionizing radiation. The result is an approximate solution to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The approximation is shown to be reasonable by numerical comparison. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6854 BP X8540 EP X8540 DI 10.1117/12.772073 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHQ16 UT WOS:000255358100022 ER PT S AU Ibey, BL Payne, JA Mixon, DG Thomas, RJ Roach, WP AF Ibey, Bennett L. Payne, Jason A. Mixon, Dustin G. Thomas, Robert J. Roach, William P. BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP Thomas, RJ TI Comparing finite difference time domain and Monte Carlo modeling of human skin interaction with terahertz radiation - art. no. 68540Z SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XIX CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Pennes bioheat equation; terahertz; Monte Carlo; FDTD AB Assessing the biological reaction to electromagnetic (EM) radiation of all frequencies and intensities is essential to the understanding of both the potential damage caused by the radiation and the inherent mechanisms within biology that respond, protect, or propagate damage to surrounding tissues. To understand this reaction, one may model the electromagnetic irradiation of tissue phantoms according to empirically measured or intelligently estimated dielectric properties. Of interest in this study is the terahertz region (0.2-2.0 THz), ranging from millimeter to infrared waves, which has been studied only recently due to lack of efficient sources. The specific interaction between this radiation and human tissue is greatly influenced by the significant EM absorption of water across this range, which induces a pronounced heating of the tissue surface. This study compares the Monte Carlo Multi-Layer (MCML) and Finite Difference Time Domain,(FDTD) approaches for modeling the terahertz irradiation of human dermal tissue. Two congruent simulations were performed on a one-dimensional tissue model with unit power intensity profile. This works aims to verify the use of either technique for modeling terahertz-tissue interaction for minimally scattering tissues. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Payne, Jason A.; Mixon, Dustin G.; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6854 BP Z8540 EP Z8540 DI 10.1117/12.772076 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHQ16 UT WOS:000255358100023 ER PT J AU Michaille, L Taylor, DM Bennett, CR Shepherd, TJ Ward, BG AF Michaille, Laurent Taylor, David M. Bennett, Charlotte R. Shepherd, Terence J. Ward, Benjamin G. TI Characteristics of a Q-switched multicore photonic crystal fiber laser with a very large mode field area SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER; AMPLIFIER; PULSES AB We model and characterize the behavior of a Q-switched fiber laser. The fiber is a doped multicore photonic crystal fiber having six cores in a ring-type geometry. The fiber laser is Q-switched using an intracavity acousto-optic modulator. Using a mode filtering technique in the far field, a mode very close to the fundamental in-phase supermode is obtained with a mode field area of 4200 mu m(2) and a divergence of 9 mrad. Pulses with energies of up to 2.2 mJ and durations of 26 ns (limited by end facet damage) at a repetition rate of 10 kHz are obtained. C1 [Michaille, Laurent; Taylor, David M.; Bennett, Charlotte R.; Shepherd, Terence J.] QinetiQ, Great Malvern WR14 3PS, England. [Ward, Benjamin G.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ward, Benjamin G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bennett, CR (reprint author), QinetiQ, St Andrews Rd, Great Malvern WR14 3PS, England. EM crbennett@qinetiq.com NR 15 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000071 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 255HL UT WOS:000252648700027 PM 18157262 ER PT S AU Hall, SN Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC AF Hall, Shane N. Jacobson, Sheldon H. Sewell, Edward C. BE Lim, GJ Lee, EK TI Optimizing Pediatric Vaccine Formularies SO OPTIMIZATION IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SE Engineering and Management Innovation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELECTION ALGORITHM; COMBINATION VACCINES; ECONOMIC VALUE; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGES AB Vaccination against infectious disease has been hailed as one of the great public health achievements of the twentieth century. However, the United States Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule is becoming increasingly complex, often requiring numerous separate injections to be administered during a single well-baby office visit. To address the issue of vaccine delivery complexity, vaccine manufacturers have developed combination vaccines that immunize against several diseases with a single injection. These combination vaccines are creating new challenges, such as how these vaccines should be administered to ensure that immunity is safely achieved. Furthermore, these vaccines are also creating a combinatorial explosion of alternatives and choices for public health policy-makers and administrators, pediatricians, and parents/guardians. This chapter presents two discrete optimization models that illuminate these alternatives and choices by selecting a vaccine formulary that minimizes the cost of fully immunizing a child and that limits the amount of extraimmunization (i.e., extra closes of vaccine) for any given childhood immunization schedule. The cost of vaccinating a child contributes to the underimmunization of children, and extraimmunization poses biological risks, amplifies philosophical concerns with vaccination, and creates an unnecessary economic burden on society. This chapter also discusses the computational complexity of these models, presents several optimization algorithms-both exact and heuristic-for solving these models, and provides a computational comparison of these algorithms using the 2006 Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule as well as several randomly generated childhood immunization schedules that may be representative of future childhood immunization schedules. C1 [Hall, Shane N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sewell, Edward C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Hall, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2155-854X BN 978-0-8493-0563-4 J9 ENG MANAG INNOV PY 2008 BP 117 EP 145 D2 10.1201/9780849305696 PG 29 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BKG38 UT WOS:000268012400004 ER PT J AU Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ryabchenko, V Shylo, O Uryasev, S Zrazhevsky, G AF Commander, Clayton W. Pardalos, Panos M. Ryabchenko, Valeriy Shylo, Oleg Uryasev, Stan Zrazhevsky, Grigoriy TI Jamming communication networks under complete uncertainty SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Network interdiction; Network jamming; Optimization; Bounds ID INTERDICTION AB This paper describes a problem of interdicting/jamming wireless communication networks in uncertain environments. Jamming communication networks is an important problem with many applications, but has received relatively little attention in the literature. Most of the work on network interdiction is focused on preventing jamming and analyzing network vulnerabilities. Here, we consider the case where there is no information about the network to be jammed. Thus, the problem is reduced to jamming all points in the area of interest. The optimal solution will determine the locations of the minimum number of jamming devices required to suppress the network. We consider a subproblem which places jamming devices on the nodes of a uniform grid over the area of interest. The objective here is to determine the maximum grid step size. We derive upper and lower bounds for this problem and provide a convergence result. Further, we prove that due to the cumulative effect of the jamming devices, the proposed method produces better solutions than the classical technique of covering the region with uniform circles. C1 [Commander, Clayton W.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Commander, Clayton W.; Pardalos, Panos M.; Ryabchenko, Valeriy; Shylo, Oleg; Uryasev, Stan; Zrazhevsky, Grigoriy] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Commander, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM clayton.commander@eglin.af.mil; pardalos@ufl.edu; valeriy@ufl.edu; shylo@ufl.edu; uryasev@ufl.edu RI Pardalos, Panos/D-3645-2009; URYASEV, Stan/O-5231-2014; OI URYASEV, Stan/0000-0001-6950-3966; Commander, Clayton/0000-0001-8477-932X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-05-1-0137] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for providing funding under project: FA-9550-05-1-0137. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s11590-006-0043-0 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 377EK UT WOS:000261234300005 ER PT S AU Cliver, EW AF Cliver, Edward W. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Solar radio bursts and energetic particle events SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar energetic particles (SEPs); solar radio bursts; SEP event classification ID CHARGE STATES; PROTON EVENTS; HIGH-ENERGIES; ABUNDANCES AB The two basic types of particle acceleration at the Sun - a flare-resident process (or processes) and acceleration at coronal shock waves - were first identified in solar metric radio emissions through their associated type III bursts and type 11 bursts, respectively. A key question for solar energetic particle (SEP) physics today concerns the relative contributions of flares and shocks to large gradual SEP events, particularly at > 30 MeV energies. We address this question by: (1) comparing low-frequency (similar to 1 MHz) radio emissions for samples of the largest gradual and impulsive SEP events from cycle 23; and (2) determining SEP associations for a sample of large favorably-located low-frequency type III radio bursts. Our results indicate that a strong shock, as commonly manifested by a low-frequency (< 14 MHz) type 11 burst, is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a large > 30 MeV proton event. We propose a revision to the standard two-class paradigm for SEP events in which we subdivide the current gradual event class on the basis of shock geometry, i.e., quasi-parallel or quasi-perpendicular. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300027 ER PT J AU Short, RW Agredano, YZ Choi, JM Kimball, AB AF Short, Rebecca W. Agredano, Yolanda Z. Choi, Joanna Mimi Kimball, Alexa B. TI A single-blinded, randomized pilot study to evaluate the effect of exercise-induced sweat on truncal acne SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To assess the effect of exercise-induced sweat on truncal acne, a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled, institution review board-approved clinical trial was conducted on physically active males. Subjects were instructed to exercise long enough to break a sweat 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Group 1 did not exercise (n = 7), group 2 showered within 1 hour of exercise (n = 8), and group 3 waited at least 4 hours to shower after exercising (n = 8). No statistically significant differences in truncal acne were noted between (p = 0.84) nor within (p = 0.74 for group 1, 0.07 for group 2, and 0.09 for group 3) study groups at the end of the study period. C1 [Kimball, Alexa B.] Clin Unit Res Trials Skin, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Short, Rebecca W.] MAlcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Agredano, Yolanda Z.; Kimball, Alexa B.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Choi, Joanna Mimi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Kimball, AB (reprint author), Clin Unit Res Trials Skin, 50 Staniford St,246, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM harvardskinstudies@partners.org NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2007.00604.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 267BD UT WOS:000253482400033 PM 18304176 ER PT J AU La Shell, MMS Tankersley, MS AF La Shell, Maj Mark S. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Transient dermatographism presenting within the first 18 hours after birth in an otherwise healthy newborn SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS MASTOCYTOSIS; NEONATAL URTICARIA; DERMOGRAPHISM; SYMPTOM; INFANCY AB We present the first reported instance of transient dermatographism occurring within 18 hours after birth in an otherwise healthy term newborn. The infant's dermatographism resolved without intervention or sequelae, and this report provides guidance for the clinician to follow when presented with similar presentations. C1 [La Shell, Maj Mark S.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Tankersley, Michael S.] Dept Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP La Shell, MMS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 60 MDOS SGOC,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM mark.lashell@travis.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 130 EP 131 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2007.00606.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 267BD UT WOS:000253482400035 PM 18304178 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Feng, WJ Albrecht, JD AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Feng, W. J. Albrecht, J. D. TI Electromagnetic fields induced by a concentrated heat source in multiferroic materials SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GREENS-FUNCTIONS; BOUNDARY; FILM AB Pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects are important for applications of multiferroic materials in elevated temperature environments. In this paper, we derive exact closed-form electromagnetic Green's function expressions for polarization fields in uniaxial multiferroic materials and bimaterials induced by a steady point heat source. The pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects as a result of temperature change in multiferroic materials are incorporated in this study. The degenerate and nondegenerate cases, which pertain to whether the heat conduction characteristic constant is equal to one of the two electromagnetic characteristic constants, are discussed in detail. The Green's functions for a bimaterial composed of two perfectly bonded uniaxial multiferroic half-spaces subjected to a point heat source are further obtained by means of the image method. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.; Feng, W. J.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 245 IS 1 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1002/pssb.200743220 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 256EM UT WOS:000252710500033 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Landis, G Gaska, R Schujman, SB Schowalter, LJ AF Mitchel, W. C. Elhamri, S. Landis, G. Gaska, R. Schujman, S. B. Schowalter, L. J. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Electrical characterization of AlGaN/GaN on AlN substrates SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech ID MOBILITY AB The results of an electrical transport study of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown on a bulk AlN substrate are presented. Temperature dependent Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements were made on. an MOCVD grown heterostructure, The temperature dependences of the carrier concentration and mobility are characteristic of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). the carrier concentration was 1.19X10(13) cm(2) at room temperature and 1.02x10(13) cm(-2) at 77 K while the mobility was 1100 cm(2)/Vs at room temperature and 5280 cm(2)/Vs at 77K The magnetoresistance measurements revealed the presence of Shubnikov - de Haas (SdH) oscillations. Illumination of the sample resulted in a persistent photocurrent, and an enhanced SdH oscillation amplitude with, aft increased quantum scattering time. The ratio of the, classical to quantum scattering times, tau(c)/tau(q) was 4.3, which is similar to values for AlGaN/GaN structures on other substrates. C1 [Mitchel, W. C.; Landis, G.] USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gaska, R.] Sensor Electron Technol Inc, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. [Schujman, S. B.; Schowalter, L. J.] Green Isl, Crystal IS, Greenport, NY 12183 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR; Missile Defense Agency; ONR; MDA; DARPA FX The authors wish to thank Dr. D. Dorsey for supporting this work and J. Daniel for technical support. Part of this work was supported by AFOSR. The work at SET, Inc. was supported by Missile Defense Agency and monitored by C. E. Stutz of WPAFB. The work at Crystal IS, Inc. was supported in part by ONR, MDA and DARPA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1550 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778470 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700022 ER PT S AU Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Berney, R Ahoujia, M Roberts, JC Rajagopal, P Cook, JW Piner, EL Linthicum, KJ AF Elhamri, S. Mitchel, W. C. Berney, R. Ahoujia, M. Roberts, J. C. Rajagopal, P. Cook, J. W., Jr. Piner, E. L. Linthicum, K. J. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Impact of AlN interlayer on the transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on silicon SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB Hall and Shubnikov-de-Haas effects measurements were performed to identify the impact of inserting a Iran AlN interlayer between AlGAN and GaN. The transport properties of this AlGaN/AlN/GaN structure were compared to the conventional structure (AlGaN/GaN). Our measurements indicate the AN interlayer resulted in improved transport in the temperature range studied (300 K-1.2-K). However, the impact of the AlN layer was found to be much more significant at low temperatures. The improvement is believed to be the result of reduced alloy scattering arising from a stronger confinement of the 2DEG. At 300 K the carrier density and mobility for,the AlGaN/AlN/GaN structure were roughly 1.00 x 10(13) cm(-2) and 1937 cm(2)/Vs. Whereas those of the conventional structure were 8.57 x 10(12) cm(-2) and 1523 cm(2)/Vs. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were observed in both samples at low T. This is an indication that a high quality 2DEG is present in each structure. C1 [Elhamri, S.; Berney, R.; Ahoujia, M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mitchel, W. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roberts, J. C.; Rajagopal, P.; Cook, J. W., Jr.; Piner, E. L.; Linthicum, K. J.] Nitronex Corp, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM said.elhamri@notes.udayton.edu RI Piner, Edwin/B-5359-2016 FU AFRL FX The authors would like to thank J. D.Daniel for his help with the data, G. R. Landis for his assistance with the samples, and Dr. Frank Szmulowicz for his many useful discussions. S.E. would like to thank Dr. Gail Brown of AFRL for financial support. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1962 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778544 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700147 ER PT J AU Ross, MD AF Ross, Michael D. TI The bottom line for january 2008 SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 253RP UT WOS:000252535600002 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Cheeks, JM AF Ross, Michael D. Cheeks, John M. TI Undetected hangman's fracture in a patient referred for physical therapy for the treatment of neck pain following trauma SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the American-Physical-Therapy-Association CY JUN 28, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Therapy Assoc ID CERVICAL-SPINE INJURIES; CHIROPRACTIC PRACTICE; PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY AB Background and Purpose This case report describes a patient referred for physical therapy treatment of neck pain who had an underlying hangman's fracture that precluded physical therapy intervention. Case Description This case involved a 61-year-old man who had a sudden onset of neck pain after a motor vehicle accident 8 weeks before his initial physical therapy visit. Conventional radiographs of his cervical spine taken on the day of the accident did not reveal any abnormalities. Based on the findings at his initial physical therapy visit, the physical therapist ordered conventional radiographs of the cervical spine to rule out the possibility of an undetected fracture. Outcomes The radiographs revealed bilateral C2 pars interarticularis defects consistent with a hangman's fracture. The patient was referred to a neurosurgeon for immediate review. Based on a normal neurological examination, a relatively low level of pain, and the results of radiographic flexion and extension views of the cervical spine (which revealed no evidence of instability), the neurosurgeon recommended that the patient continue with nonsurgical management. Discussion In patients with neck pain caused by trauma, physical therapists should be alert for the presence of cervical spine fractures. Even if the initial radiographs are negative for a fracture, additional diagnostic imaging may be necessary for a small number of patients, because they may have undetected injuries that would necessitate medical referral and preclude physical therapy intervention. C1 [Ross, Michael D.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Cheeks, John M.] Univ Indianapolis, Krannert Sch Phy Therapy, Hlth Sci Program, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, 124 Bradley Blvd, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM michael.ross2@travis.af.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.2522/ptj.20070033 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 253RP UT WOS:000252535600013 PM 17940105 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, D. H. Gumbs, G. Alsing, P. M. Cardimona, D. A. BE Kong, JA TI Surface-polariton-enhanced reflected THz-field SO PIERS 2008 HANGZHOU: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2008) CY MAR 24-28, 2008 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Zhejiang Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Key Lab Space Microware Technol, Zheijiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Zheijiang Univ, Coll Info Sci & Engn, MIT, Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; PLASMONS AB The present work predicts the laxge enhancements at the band edges of a coupled Bloch-surface-plasmon-polariton band in the spectrum of the reflected far electromagnetic field due to anti-crossing gaps induced by the strong coupling between the continuous surface-plasmonpolariton mode and the discrete Bloch-like modes. The existence of these Bloch-like modes is a direct consequence of the nonlocal mixing of specular and diffraction modes of the reflected electromagnetic field by free-electron induced optical polarization and the interference of a pair of surface optical-polarization waves with opposite Bragg order numbers in the presence of a grating. C1 [Huang, D. H.; Alsing, P. M.; Cardimona, D. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-00-4 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2008 BP 1107 EP 1111 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BHS05 UT WOS:000255866700230 ER PT S AU Tomczak, SJ Vij, V Minton, TK Brunsvold, AL Marchant, D Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Guenthner, AJ Yandek, GR Mabry, JA AF Tomczak, Sandra J. Vij, Vandana Minton, Timothy K. Brunsvold, Amy L. Marchant, Darrell Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Guenthner, Andrew J. Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph A. BE Celina, MC Assink, RA TI Comparisons of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Polyimides as Space-Survivable Materials SO POLYMER DURABILITY AND RADIATION EFFECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Performance and Degradation held at Pacifichem 2005 Conference CY DEC, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI ID INCOMPLETELY-CONDENSED SILSESQUIOXANES; MEDIATED CLEAVAGE; COPOLYMERS; ROUTE AB Kapton (R) is used extensively in spacecraft thermal blankets, solar arrays, and space inflatable structures. Atomic oxygen (AO) in low Earth orbit (LEO) causes severe degradation of Kapton (R). SiO(2) coatings impart remarkable oxidation resistance to Kapton (R) yet imperfections in the SiO(2) application process and micrometeoroid / debris impact in orbit damage the SiO(2) coating leading to Kapton (R) erosion. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a silicon and oxygen cage-like structure surrounded by organic groups which can be polymerizable. POSS-diamine was polymerized to form POSS-Kapton (R) polyimide, which is self-passivating by the formation of a silica layer upon exposure to AO. Evidence of a SiO(2) passivation layer has been shown by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy studies on AO exposed 3.5, 7.0, and 8.75 weight % Si(8)O(11) main chain (MC)-POSS-PI samples with erosion yields of 3.7, 0.98, and 0.3 percent, respectively, of the erosion yield for Kapton H (R) at a fluence of 8.5 x 10(20) O atoms cm(-2). The self-passivation of POSS-Kapton (R)-PIs has also been demonstrated by monitoring a I micron deep scratch in MC-POSS-PI after exposure to AO. A study of the effect of temperature on the AO erosion of POSS-Kapton (R) samples showed that although the erosion of MC-POSS-PIs increased with temperature, they erode significantly less than their no-POSS analogous at elevated temperatures. Physical property characterization of POSS-PIs exposed to AO, and samples flown in LEO on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE), provide evidence that POSS-PIs are a potential Kapton (R) replacement material. C1 [Tomczak, Sandra J.; Marchant, Darrell; Mabry, Joseph A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Applicat Branch, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tomczak, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Applicat Branch, AFRL PRSM, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM sandra.tomczak@edwards.af.mil RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6952-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2008 VL 978 BP 140 EP 152 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BLT01 UT WOS:000270965300013 ER PT J AU Cordero, L Rudd, MD Bryan, CJ Corso, KA AF Cordero, Liliana Rudd, M. David Bryan, Craig J. Corso, Kent A. TI Accuracy of primary care medical providers' understanding of the FDA black box warning label for antidepressants SO PRIMARY CARE & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE suicide; black box warning label; SSRI antidepressants; risk ID ADOLESCENTS; SUICIDE; RISK; DEPRESSION; CHILDREN; SSRIS AB Purpose: To explore the accuracy of primary care providers' understanding of the FDA black box warning label for SSRI antidepressants for children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 115 licensed primary care providers (PCPs) completed an email survey addressing the FDA black box warning label. Results: Despite self-reports of being well informed about the black box warning label, over 91% of PCPs incorrectly reported that the warning label states that patients died by suicide in the aggregated SSRI clinical trials for children and adolescents, in contrast to the actual reported risk for increased frequency of suicidal thinking and suicide-related behaviors (i.e. suicide attempts and deliberate self-harm). The majority of PCPs (90%) also reported providing verbal information to patients regarding the nature of risk. Conclusions: Efforts need to be made to improve PCPs' understanding of the risk communicated in the FDA black box warning label for children and adolescents, specifically that increased risk does not include risk for death by suicide. C1 [Cordero, Liliana; Rudd, M. David] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Corso, Kent A.] Eglin Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Kelly Family Med Clin, 204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78250 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU LIBRAPHARM/INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4 LQ, ENGLAND SN 1746-8841 J9 PRIMARY CARE COMMUN JI Prim. Care Community Psychiatry PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1080/17468840802213890 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Psychiatry SC General & Internal Medicine; Psychiatry GA 354IH UT WOS:000259632100003 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Corso, KA Rudd, M Cordero, L AF Bryan, Craig J. Corso, Kent A. David Rudd, M. Cordero, Liliana TI Improving identification of suicidal patients in primary care through routine screening SO PRIMARY CARE & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Suicide-Primary care-Screening-Blackbox warning ID CHRONIC PAIN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; IDEATION; RISK; INSOMNIA AB Aim: To compare patients' rates of endorsement of suicidal ideation during routine medical appointments with their primary care provider (PCP) versus rates of endorsement on a self-report symptom screening measure. Methods: PCPs referred 338 patients with identified psychosocial health-related issues to a behavioral health consultant (BHC) service fully integrated in a family medicine clinic. All referred patients completed the Behavioral Health Measure-20 (BHM) as part of routine clinical practice. Results: Of the 338 patients referred to the BHC service, 42 (12.4%) screened positive for suicidal ideation, of which only 7 (2.1%) disclosed suicidal ideation to their PCP during the medical appointment immediately preceding referral to the BHC. Use of the BHM to screen primary care patients referred to the BHC improved detection of patients with suicidal ideation by 600%. Conclusions: Routine suicide screening of primary care patients using a brief self-report measure can substantially improve the ability to identify at-risk patients in primary care, which can contribute to early detection and enhanced clinical decision-making. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [David Rudd, M.; Cordero, Liliana] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Kelly Family Med Clin, 204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78250 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIBRAPHARM/INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4 LQ, ENGLAND SN 1746-8841 J9 PRIMARY CARE COMMUN JI Prim. Care Community Psychiatry PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP 143 EP 147 AR PII 904098718 DI 10.1080/17468840802168268 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Psychiatry SC General & Internal Medicine; Psychiatry GA 387IG UT WOS:000261944300001 ER PT S AU Fleming, T Mardahl, P AF Fleming, Timothy Mardahl, Peter BE Kirkici, H TI NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SHAPED AND TRANSPARENT CATHODES IN THE RELATIVISTIC MICHIGAN MAGNETRON SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Fleming, Timothy; Mardahl, Peter] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fleming, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 151 EP 151 DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743601 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400041 ER PT S AU Miles, JA Adams, SF DeJoseph, CA Laber, AC AF Miles, Jared A. Adams, Steven F. DeJoseph, Charles A., Jr. Laber, Adam C. BE Kirkici, H TI LASER REMPI TRIGGERING OF AN AIR SPARK GAP WITH NANOSECOND JITTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A laser-triggering scheme for air spark gap switches was conceived and investigated for its potential to reduce shot-to-shot time jitter. The scheme utilizes a pulsed ultraviolet laser of relatively low energy to generate resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) within the atmospheric air medium of the spark gap switch. With an applied voltage below the self-breakdown level, the laser-induced pre-ionization initiated avalanche breakdown within the gap and the subsequent triggering of the switch. This laser induced pre-ionization process relied solely on gas phase ionization and not surface effects, since the laser does not strike either electrode. This triggering scheme produced sub-nanosecond jitter with low enough laser power that it could be transmitted through fiber optics, which would be advantageous for multi-switch triggering of a high current pulse. The laser pre-ionization effects of space charge, electric field distribution, and active species within the gap were analyzed for their role in driving electron multiplication leading to avalanche breakdown below the self-breakdown voltage. Experimental results will be presented, including arc timing and statistical jitter measurements, as well as optical images and spectral analysis of the arc emission. C1 [Miles, Jared A.; Adams, Steven F.; DeJoseph, Charles A., Jr.; Laber, Adam C.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miles, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743641 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400081 ER PT S AU Koppisetty, K Kirkici, H Schweickart, DL AF Koppisetty, Kalyan Kirkici, Hulya Schweickart, D. L. BE Kirkici, H TI BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN UNDER UNIPOLAR APPLIED VOLTAGES FOR NON-UNIFORM FIELD CONFIGURATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper presents work on breakdown studies conducted in nitrogen at partial vacuum conditions for a point-to-plane electrode setup. The experiments are conducted under two different applied fields of 20 kHz unipolar pulsed square wave and 20 kHz unipolar sinusoid (dc shifted sinusoid). The applied square pulsed signal consists of a train of pulses at 20 kHz with 50% duty cycle and rise/fall times around 20 ns as well as the sinusoidal signal. The gas pressure is varied from 0.1 to 4.0 Torr to observe breakdown voltage variation as a function of pressure and a Paschen like behavior is observed. Preliminary data of voltage and current waveforms, along with the light emission data collected by a PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube) as a function of the time are presented. Also, the spectrum of the discharge listing the active transitions is presented. C1 [Kirkici, Hulya] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Schweickart, D. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koppisetty, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kalyan_k@ieee.org FU Universal Technology Corp under Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate [F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024] FX Work supported by the Universal Technology Corp., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, contract number F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 544 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743715 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400155 ER PT S AU Schweickart, DL Grosjean, DF Kasten, DG Sebo, SA Liu, X AF Schweickart, D. L. Grosjean, D. F. Kasten, D. G. Sebo, S. A. Liu, X. BE Kirkici, H TI Low-Pressure Partial-Discharge Measurements: Monitoring the Insulation Integrity of Aircraft Power Wiring Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Partial-discharge (PD) characteristics in three gases (air, argon and helium) at pressures between 101 kPa (760 Torr) and about 0.27 kPa (2 Torr) under 60-Hz ac energization were studied. Measurements for two representative electrode configurations showed that the electrical characteristics of PD (specifically, electric pulse waveforms) at low pressures differ significantly from those at sea-level pressures. Difficulties in obtaining accurate measurements when adhering to guidelines defined by the EEC 60270 standard are described. Suggested modifications of the standard procedures are presented for measurement and calibration for low-pressure PD. C1 [Schweickart, D. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grosjean, D. F.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Kasten, D. G.; Sebo, S. A.; Liu, X.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schweickart, DL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU SBIR Program of the Air Force [FA8650-04-C-2485] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge the SBIR Program of the Air Force as the funding source of this project, under Contract FA8650-04-C-2485. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 568 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743722 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400162 ER PT B AU Stone, SJ Porter, R Kim, YC Paul, JV AF Stone, Samuel J. Porter, Roy Kim, Yong C. Paul, Jason V. BE ElGhazawi, T Chang, YW Huang, JD Saha, P TI A Dynamically Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array Hardware Foundation for Security Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE Electron Device Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Taipei Sect, Minist Educ Taiwan, Natl Sci Council, Inst Informat Sci, Acad Sinica, Design Techolo Ctr, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Natl Chip Implementat Ctr, Xilinx, Altera, Global Unichip Corp, Ind Techol Res Ctr, Synopsys, Himax AB As Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) become more widely used, security concerns have been raised regarding FPGA use for cryptographic, sensitive, or proprietary data [7]. Storing or implementing proprietary code and designs on FPGAs could result in the compromise of sensitive information if the FPGA device was physically relinquished or remotely accessible to adversaries seeking to obtain the information. A Hardware Description Language (HDL) FPGA architecture supporting dynamic reconfiguration through granular reconfiguration control is presented for use in security applications. Testing validates the reconfiguration results and compares power usage, timing, and area estimates from a conventional and Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA (DRFPGA) model. C1 [Stone, Samuel J.; Porter, Roy; Kim, Yong C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Paul, Jason V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Stone, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM samuel.stone@us.af.mil; roy.porter@afit.edu; yong.kim@afit.edu; jason.paul@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2795-6 PY 2008 BP 305 EP + DI 10.1109/FPT.2008.4762404 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV93 UT WOS:000263224000046 ER PT B AU Crouch, JW Patel, HJ Kim, YC McDonald, JT Kim, TVC AF Crouch, James W. Patel, Hiren J. Kim, Yong C. McDonald, J. Todd Kim, Ton. V. C. BE ElGhazawi, T Chang, YW Huang, JD Saha, P TI CREATING DIGITAL FINGERPRINTS ON COMMERCIAL FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE Electron Device Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Taipei Sect, Minist Educ Taiwan, Natl Sci Council, Inst Informat Sci, Acad Sinica, Design Techolo Ctr, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Natl Chip Implementat Ctr, Xilinx, Altera, Global Unichip Corp, Ind Techol Res Ctr, Synopsys, Himax ID AUTHENTICATION AB In this paper, we discuss the method of creating a circuit identifier or digital fingerprint,for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed digital fingerprint is a function of the natural variations in the semiconductor manufacturing process that cannot be duplicated or forged. The proposed digital fingerprint allows the use of any arbitrary of nodes internal to the circuit or the circuit outputs as monitoring locations. Changes in the signal on a selected node or output can be quantified digitally over a period of time or at a specific instance of time. Two monitoring methods are proposed, one using cumulative observation of the nodes and the other samples the nodes based on a signal transition. Two monitoring methods were validated on a small sample of twenty Xilinx (R) Virtex-II Pro FPGAs, where both methods successfully created unique identifiers for each FPGA. In addition, the effects of temperature and voltage fluctuations are also discussed. C1 [Crouch, James W.; Patel, Hiren J.; Kim, Yong C.; McDonald, J. Todd] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Ton. V. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crouch, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.crouch.5@us.af.mil; hiren.patel@afit.edu; yong.kim@afit.edu; jeffrey.mcdonald@afit.edu; tony.kim@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2795-6 PY 2008 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1109/FPT.2008.4762414 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV93 UT WOS:000263224000056 ER PT B AU Nowak, M AF Nowak, Michael BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Layered Sensing to enhance situational awareness SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE layered sensing; trust; autonomic networks; situation awareness C1 [Nowak, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Auton Trusted Sensing Div,Antitamper Program, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nowak, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Auton Trusted Sensing Div,Antitamper Program, Dayton, OH USA. EM michael.nowak@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 66 EP + DI 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543913 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300009 ER PT B AU Jones, KW Kristof, D Jenkins, LC Ramsey, J Patrick, D Burnham, S Turner, IL AF Jones, Keith W. Kristof, Dale Jenkins, Larry C. Ramsey, Jeffry Patrick, Dale Burnham, Samuel Turner, I. Leon BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Collaborative technologies: Sociology of science and knowledge within engineering work cultures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE collaborative technology; collaboratory; holistic systems engineering; domain; sub-domains; systemic and systems thinking; engineering work culture AB This paper discusses our need for efficient, interactive and inter-operative collaborative technologies. The problems of poor interaction and inter-operation can be traced back to engineering work cultures. The authors recommend approaches that can be used to change engineering work culture. They conclude that multi-disciplinary work teams including social scientists and history of science and technology systems engineers, with support from the highest levels of management, are required to resolve the proposed problems. C1 [Jones, Keith W.; Kristof, Dale; Jenkins, Larry C.; Ramsey, Jeffry; Patrick, Dale] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burnham, Samuel] USAF, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Turner, I. Leon] Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Drkwjones@aol.com; dale.kristof@wpafb.af.mil; larry.jenkins@wpafb.af.mil; jeffry.ramsey@wpafb.af.mil; dale.patrick@wapafb.af.mil; samuel.burnham@eglin.af.mil; leon.turner@jeee.org NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 446 EP 451 DI 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543963 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300059 ER PT B AU Jones, KW Kristof, D Jenkins, LC Ramsey, J Patrick, D Burnham, S Turner, IL AF Jones, Keith W. Kristof, Dale Jenkins, Larry C. Ramsey, Jeffry Patrick, Dale Burnham, Samuel Turner, I. Leon BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Collaborative technologies: Cognitive apprenticeship, training, and education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE collaborative technology; STEM education; collaboratory; under-represented groups; domain; sub-domains; systemic and systems thinking; cognitive apprenticeship and learning; systems engineers of - holistic systems; science and technology; engineering; social sciences AB This paper is a conceptual thought experiment that discusses the need for efficient, interactive and inter-operative, application- and learner-centered collaborative technologies that use cognitive apprenticeship, training, and other types of education and sociological techniques to recruit more non-traditional learners to become STEM professionals. The problem of poor to no interest in STEM courses and career paths by non-traditional (female and minority) science and engineering learners is well-understood The authors recommend using holistic systems engineering design approaches to develop collaborative technology (CT) that can be used to change academic, private, and public engineering work cultures; to derive new ways of increasing the numbers of non-traditional STEM learners; and also to use CT to teach STEM to non-traditional learners according to their preference. The authors conclude that multi-disciplinary work teams that include educators, social science systems engineers, and history of science and technology systems engineers who have support from the highest levels of management, could be used to resolve the identified problems. C1 [Jones, Keith W.; Kristof, Dale; Jenkins, Larry C.; Ramsey, Jeffry; Patrick, Dale] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burnham, Samuel] USAF, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Turner, I. Leon] Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Drkwjones@aol.com; dale.kristof@wpafb.af.mil; larryjenkins@wpafb.af.mil; Jeffry.ramsey@wpafb.af.mil; dale.patrick@wpafb.af.mil; samuel.burnham@eglin.af.mil; leon.turner@ieee.org NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 452 EP 459 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300060 ER PT B AU Jones, KW Kristof, D Jenkins, LC Ramsey, J Patrick, D Burnham, S Turner, IL AF Jones, Keith W. Kristof, Dale Jenkins, Larry C. Ramsey, Jeffry Patrick, Dale Burnham, Samuel Turner, I. Leon BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Collaborative technologies for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): Sociology of science and knowledge, holistic systems engineering, and systems thinking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE collaborative technology; collaboratory; STEM education; under-represented groups; holistic systems engineering; domain; sub-domains; systemic and systems thinking; history of science & technology systems engineer; social science; systems engineers; cognitive apprenticeship and learning AB This paper is a conceptual thought experiment that discusses the need for efficient, interactive and inter-operative, application- and learner-centered collaborative technologies to enable implementation of cognitive apprenticeship, training, and other types of education and sociological techniques that can help change the engineering environment, both educational and occupational, to enhance recruitment of non-traditional STEM professionals and enhance all STEM Professional's ability to function in their chosen occupational settings. The authors recommend using holistic systems engineering design approaches to develop collaborative technology (CT) that can be used to change these cultures. The authors conclude that multi-disciplinary work teams that include educators, social science systems engineers and history of science and technology systems engineers, who have support from the highest levels of management, should be used to resolve the identified problems. C1 [Jones, Keith W.; Kristof, Dale; Jenkins, Larry C.; Ramsey, Jeffry; Patrick, Dale] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burnham, Samuel] USAF, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Turner, I. Leon] Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM drkwjones@aol.com; dale.kristof@wpafb.af.mil; larry.jenkins@wpafb.af.mil; jeffry.ramsey@wpafb.af.mil; dale.patrick@wpafb.af.mil; saniuel.burnham@eglin.af.mil; leon.turner@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543965 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300061 ER PT B AU DeLima, P Pack, D AF DeLima, Pedro Pack, Daniel BE Smari, WW McQuay, W TI Toward developing an optimal cooperative search algorithm for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS: CTS 2008 SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Sci Appl Int Corp DE cooperative; unmanned aerial vehicles; search algorithm; autonomous; decentralized AB In search and surveillance operations, a team of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can provide a robust solution that surpasses in efficiency what can be achieved by a single aircraft with comparatively superior mobility and sensors. The key to unlock such potential is in cooperative decentralized control strategies that allow each UAV to independently determine its actions while aiming at optimizing the team's objectives through collaboration. In this paper we present the results of a statistical analysis that demonstrates the efficacy of the distributed search technique proposed by the authors in [1]. Three metrics are used to measure the search performance: dynamic coverage, heterogeneity of the coverage, and energy consumption. C1 [DeLima, Pedro; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP DeLima, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM pedro.lima@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2248-7 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543971 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW23 UT WOS:000256994300067 ER PT B AU Reed, SA Palazotto, AN Baker, W AF Reed, Shad A. Palazotto, Anthony N. Baker, William GP ASME TI Determining material properties of nonlinear materials from transient response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 10, PTS A AND B: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE nonlinear damping; strain dependent material properties; free-free boundary condition AB Several researchers have shown that the material properties of hard coatings used in free layer damping treatments are dependent on the strain amplitude in the coating. This nonlinear phenomenon complicates the material characterization process and makes it difficult to find independent sets of data that are in complete agreement. During a recent in depth study of these materials, it became apparent that there were several other time and load history dependent nonlinearities present in these fascinating materials. These nonlinearities were observable because a free response based testing methodology was employed. Results indicate that the stiffness and damping of these materials change during the first several million loading cycles before finally stabilizing. Additionally, results suggest that the material properties are dependent on the initial condition of the free response, indicating a short term loading history dependency. C1 [Reed, Shad A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Reed, SA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2650 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4304-8 PY 2008 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHO84 UT WOS:000254907300051 ER PT B AU Breitzman, TD Cook, BM Schoeppner, GA Iarve, EV AF Breitzman, T. D. Cook, B. M. Schoeppner, G. A. Iarve, E. V. GP ASME TI Composite scarf repair patch optimization under uniaxial loading conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 3: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Simplex optimization algorithm was applied to predict the fiber orientations of the scarf repair patch for a given quasi-isotropic panel to maximize strength retention of the repair. The optimal stacking sequence of the repair patch avoids 0 degree plies in the direction of the load. Such a stacking sequence prolongs the life of the adhesive and results in a predicted 13% strength increase as compared to the traditional ply-by-ply replacement. The second optimization problem solved was one of finding the least favorable stacking sequence of the repair patch. Such stacking sequence inserts stiff plies into the patch and leads to the failure of the repair patch as early as 20% below the reference failure load of the repair patch with traditional ply-by-ply replacement. The strength prediction model consisted of nonlinear constitutive modeling of adhesive behavior and fiber failure prediction loads in the adherents based on critical failure volume (CFV) (see [8]) strength prediction method. Benchmark analysis was performed on the virgin, scarfed, and repaired (ply-by-ply replacement) panels and was in good agreement with experimental data. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Cook, B. M.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), USAF, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4297-3 PY 2008 BP 727 EP 729 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHN33 UT WOS:000254474300089 ER PT B AU Lambert, D AF Lambert, David BE Moatamedi, M TI Analysis of hydrodynamic penetration and material backflow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 4: FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB One-dimensional theory of hydrodynamic penetration for incompressible, inviscid conditions is re-visited to derive insightful relationships and provide a basis for discussing experimental observations. The 1-D Bernoulli equation produces simplified analytical relationships for such terms as the penetration depth, penetrator erosion rate, interface velocity, and other fundamental terms. Previous efforts [1,2] expanded this via a differential chain rule approach to establish relationships of energy and momentum flux and deposition rates of constant velocity and linear velocity gradient rod penetration events. A concise overview of the I-D model is given followed by a selective grouping into relationships that might provide first-order criteria for making design considerations. C1 AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lambert, D (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4282-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2008 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM43 UT WOS:000254269900028 ER PT B AU Davis, M Beale, D Sheoran, Y AF Davis, Milt Beale, Dave Sheoran, Yogi GP ASME TI INTEGRATED TEST AND EVALUATION TECHNIQUES AS APPLIED TO AN INLET SWIRL INVESTIGATION USING THE F109 GAS TURBINE ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB With increasing emphasis on streamlining the acquisition process, ground-test centers like the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) are re-evaluating their roles in the development of aerospace systems. Instead of merely providing data from ground-test facilities, the new emphasis challenges AEDC to become a team member that provides knowledge for risk management and decision making during the development and operation of an aerospace system. As a key link in the transition from a laboratory or design concept to an operational system, the capabilities of a ground-test center can provide a tremendous opportunity to reduce the time and cost involved in flight vehicle system development. AEDC has aggressively accepted the challenge and has developed an Integrated Test and Evaluation (IT&E) approach to support aerospace system development efforts. This paper focuses on an integrated test and evaluation process in a joint test and analysis effort between AEDC, the USAF Academy and Honeywell. This paper reports on the role of gas turbine engine/compressor numerical simulations in the test, analysis, and evaluation process in conjunction with an investigation to discern the effects of inlet swirl on the F109 turbofan engine performance and operability. C1 [Davis, Milt; Beale, Dave] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700002 ER PT B AU Davis, MW Hale, AA Vining, C Cousins, WT AF Davis, Milt W., Jr. Hale, Alan A. Vining, Charles Cousins, William T. GP ASME TI APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR AIRFRAME-PROPULSION INTEGRATED TEST AND EVALUATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB With increasing emphasis on streamlining the acquisition process, ground-test centers like the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) are re-evaluating their roles in the development of aerospace systems. Instead of merely providing data from ground-test facilities, the new emphasis challenges AEDC to become a team member that provides knowledge for risk management and decision making during the development and operation of an aerospace system. AEDC has developed an Integrated Test and Evaluation (IT&E) approach to support aerospace system development efforts. Two primary aircraft propulsion subsystems are the inlet and the engine. Traditionally these subsystems have been designed, analyzed, and tested as isolated systems although some integrated testing has been performed. The interaction between the subsystems is modeled primarily through evaluating inlet distortion in an inlet test and then simulating this distortion in engine tests via screens or similar devices. Recently, it has been recognized that significant improvements in both performance and operability can be realized when both the inlet and the engine are designed, tested and analyzed with full knowledge of the other. To aid in the airframe-propulsion integration process, numerical solutions of the forebody-inlet and engine compression system have been coupled and partially demonstrated in a limited manner to show the potential for enhancing the acquisition process. C1 [Davis, Milt W., Jr.; Hale, Alan A.] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700004 ER PT B AU Zelina, J Anderson, W Koch, P Shouse, DT AF Zelina, J. Anderson, W. Koch, P. Shouse, D. T. GP ASME TI COMPACT COMBUSTION SYSTEMS USING A COMBINATION OF TRAPPED VORTEX AND HIGH-G COMBUSTOR TECHNOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 3, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB Major advances in combustor technology are required to meet the conflicting challenges of improving performance, increasing durability and maintaining cost. Ultra-short combustors to minimize residence time, with special flame-holding mechanisms to cope with increased through-velocities are likely in the future. This paper focuses on vortex-stabilized combustor technologies that can enable the design of compact, high-performance combustion systems. Compact combustors weigh less and take up less volume in space-limited turbine engine for aero applications. This paper presents the UCC, a novel design based on TVC work that uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity to enhance mixing rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g's. The UCC design integrates compressor and turbine features which will enable a shorter and potentially less complex gas turbine engine. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this type of combustion system can be used as the main combustor and/or as a secondary combustor between the high pressure and low pressure turbine to operate as a reheat cycle engine. The focus on this paper includes experimental results of the UCC for a variety of conditions: (1) the addition of turbine vanes in the combustor flowpath, (2) a comparison of JP-8 and FT fuel performance in the combustor, (3) the use of trapped-vortex-like air addition to increase combustor flammability limits, and (4) combustor performance related to two different fuel injector designs. Lean blowout fuel-air ratio limits at 20% the value of current systems were demonstrated. Combustion efficiency was measured over a wide range of UCC operating conditions. This data begins to build the design space required for future engine designs that may use these novel, compact, high-g combustion systems. C1 [Zelina, J.; Anderson, W.; Koch, P.; Shouse, D. T.] WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Zelina, J (reprint author), WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4313-0 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIV70 UT WOS:000263203100001 ER PT B AU Polanka, MD Anthony, RJ Bogard, DG Reeder, MF AF Polanka, M. D. Anthony, R. J. Bogard, David G. Reeder, Mark F. GP ASME TI Determination of Cooling Parameters for a High Speed, True Scale, Metallic Turbine Vane Ring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID COMPOUND ANGLE HOLES; HEAT-TRANSFER AB Film cooling technology has been around for many decades and many significant advances in cooling effectiveness have been made at many different facilities using several different methods. A large proportion of film cooling research is successfully carried out using simplified scaled-up models in wind tunnels coupled with novel measurement techniques. These tests have been very effective in assessing basic film cooling parameters for many cooling hole geometries, patterns, and blowing ratios. In real engines, however, film cooling designs are ultimately subjected to highly unsteady 3-D secondary flows and rotational effects. Few film cooling experiments have quantified these effects on real, true scale turbine hardware in a rotating test environment. The Turbine Research Facility (TRF) at the Air Force Research Laboratory has been acquiring uncooled heat transfer measurements on full scale metallic airfoils both with and without rotation for several years. The addition of cooling flow to this type of facility has provided new capability, and new challenges. The primary two issues being that the film temperature is unknown and that the airfoil is no longer semi-infinite. This makes it more difficult to extract the adiabatic effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient from the measurements of surface temperature and surface heat transfer since conventional methods used in most other experiments are not valid in this case. In contrast another cooling parameter, the overall effectiveness, is readily obtained from measurements of surface temperature, internal coolant temperature, and mainstream temperature. The overall effectiveness is a normalized measure of metal surface temperatures expected for actual operating conditions. It is the goal of this paper to evaluate how measurements, obtained from a transient blowdown facility like the TRF, can be used to quantify the expected performance of a film cooled turbine airfoil. Additionally, it is imperative to properly correlate these experimental results to the true engine conditions. The data required for this analysis has been collected using an array of surface mounted thermocouples and thin film gauges in a series of experiments where freestream temperatures and coolant temperatures and mass flow rates were varied. The airfoil used in this investigation was a thin walled metallic airfoil with a showerhead cooling scheme and several rows of normal holes on both the pressure and suction sides of the airfoil. The flow is typical of that seen in a modern high pressure turbine - that is an inlet Mach number of about 0.1 accelerating toward sonic at the throat with a high inlet freestream turbulence level of about 20%. C1 [Polanka, M. D.; Anthony, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polanka, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4314-7 PY 2008 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIT71 UT WOS:000262638400021 ER PT B AU List, MG Gorrell, SE Turner, MG AF List, Michael G. Gorrell, Steven E. Turner, Mark G. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF LOSS GENERATION IN AN EMBEDDED TRANSONIC FAN STAGE AT SEVERAL GAPS USING HIGH FIDELITY, TIME-ACCURATE CFD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID STATOR-ROTOR INTERACTIONS; COMPRESSOR; PERFORMANCE AB The Blade-Row Interaction (BRI) rig at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Compressor Aero Research Laboratory (CARL), has been simulated at three axial gaps between the highly loaded upstream stator row and the downstream transonic rotor using TURBO. Previous work with the Stage Matching Investigation (SMI) demonstrated a strong dependence of mass flow rate, efficiency, and pressure ratio on the axial spacing between an upstream wake generator and the downstream rotor through the variation of the axial gap. Several loss producing mechanisms were discovered and related to the spacings, referred to as close, mid, and far. In the SMI work, far spacing had the best performance. The BRI experiments were a continuation of the SMI work with the wake generator replaced by a swirler row to turn the flow and a deswirler row to create a wake by diffusion. Results of the BRI experiments showed a performance degradation between mid and far spacing which was not observed in SMI. This trend is seen in the numerical work as well, and the time-averaged data shows that the majority of this performance change occurred in the rotor An unsteady separation bubble periodically forms and collapses as shocks reflect through the stator passage, creating additional aerodynamic blockage. The shed vortices induced by the unsteady loading and unloading of the stator trailing edge are chopped, with a frequency related to the spacing, by the rotor leading edge and ingested by the rotor Once ingested the vortices interact in varying degrees with the rotor boundary layer A treatment of the loss production in the BRI rig is given based on the time-accurate and time-averaged, high-fidelity TURBO results. C1 [List, Michael G.] USAF, Compressor Aero Res Lab, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP List, MG (reprint author), USAF, Compressor Aero Res Lab, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.list@wpafb.af.mil; sgorrell@byu.edu; mark.turner@uc.edu RI Turner, Mark/E-9361-2011 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 2599 EP 2609 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646901071 ER PT B AU Giurgiutiu, V AF Giurgiutiu, V. BE Uhl, T Ostachowicz, W HolnickiSzulc, J TI Structural Health Monitoring and NDE-An Air Force Office of Scientific Research Structural Mechanics Program Perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2008 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY JUL 02-04, 2008 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, PAS, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Innowacja Polska Sp z o o ID EDDY-CURRENT INSPECTION; WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; VARIABILITY AB This paper presents the perspective of the Structural Mechanics program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research on structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). It is found that SHM and NDE play a very important role in assuring the safety and operational readiness of the Air Force fleet. The NDE technology is rather mature and able to detect damage with considerable reliability during the periodic maintenance inspections. The emerging SHM methodology has great potential, because it will use on-board damage detection sensors and systems, will be able to offer on-demand structural health bulletins. Considerable fundamental and applied research, is still needed to enable the development, implementation, and dissemination of structural health monitoring technology. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Struct Mech Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Giurgiutiu, V (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Struct Mech Program, 875 Randolph St N, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM victor.giurgiutiu@afosr.af.mil RI GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012; Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-94-7 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2008 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIP22 UT WOS:000261515600003 ER PT B AU Bergeron, K Cummings, R Decker, R Freeman, J Hoke, C Seidel, J Morton, SA McDaniel, DM AF Bergeron, Keith Cummings, Russell Decker, Robert Freeman, Jacob Hoke, Charlie Seidel, Jurgen Morton, Scott A. McDaniel, David M. TI An Undergraduate Computational Aerodynamics Curriculum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Modeling and Simulation (M&S) as part of the Aeronautical Engineering major at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) has grown from a one course introduction to an integrated and essential component for developing future aerospace leaders. This paper documents the progress the USAFA Department Of Aeronautics (DFAN) has made since 2003 to teach cadets, through a 2-course sequence, how to gain an understanding of aerodynamic phenomena using computational methods made possible with Department Of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) resources. The first course in of the sequence builds upon demonstrations, made in early core course work, to relatively simple applications and reinforcement of introductory fluid aerodynamics. The second course further develops the "intelligent users" of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by working as teams on current USAF research projects. Cadet projects have included participation on the C2D Challenge Project, study of plasma actuators, comparison of wake characteristics for NASA's Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), and drag validation simulations for the C-130P. These projects made extensive use of high performance computing (HPC) resources at the Alaska Regional Supercomputing Center (ARSC) as well as Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC). Besides the external validation of project sponsors, the curriculum has received very high student satisfaction on End-of-Course evaluations comparing well with the highest rated courses at USAFA. C1 [Bergeron, Keith; Cummings, Russell; Decker, Robert; Freeman, Jacob; Hoke, Charlie; Seidel, Jurgen] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Morton, Scott A.; McDaniel, David M.] US AF SEEK EAGLE Off 46 SK SKI, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Bergeron, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM keith.bergeron@usafa.edu; russell.cummings@usafa.edu; robert.decker@usafa.edu; jacob.freeman@usafa.edu; charlie.hoke@usafa.edu; jurgen.seldel@usafa.edu; scott.morton@eglin.af.mil; david.mcdaniel.ctr@eglin.af.mil FU Air Force Seek Eagle Office; AFOSR; NASA FX Funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Seek Eagle Office, AFOSR, and NASA. Many of the calculations were performed using computer resources granted by the DoD HPCMP C2D Challenge Project. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 18 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.9 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200003 ER PT B AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR Galbraith, MC AF Gordnier, Raymond E. Visbal, Miguel R. Galbraith, Marshall C. TI High-Fidelity Computations of Moving and Flexible Wing Sections with Application to Micro Air Vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Computations and analysis of moving and flexible wing sections with applications to Micro Air Vehicles are presented. A well-validated, robust, sixth-order Navier-Stokes solver is employed to model the aerodynamic response and is coupled with a nonlinear membrane structural model for flexible membrane wing simulations. A novel implicit Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach which exploits the characteristics of the higher-order accurate computational scheme provides a unified computational approach for the laminar/transitional/turbulent flowfields calculated. Computations for an SD7003 airfoil at a Reynolds number, Re=60,000 show good agreement with high-resolution experimental data. Further computations for an SD7003 airfoil undergoing sinusoidal plunge oscillations show the dramatic effect dynamic motion can have on the low Reynolds number transitional flowfields. Finally, computations of a flexible, membrane wing airfoil demonstrate the impact Of the development of mean camber and the close coupling between the unsteady vortex shedding and the dynamic structural response. C1 [Gordnier, Raymond E.; Visbal, Miguel R.; Galbraith, Marshall C.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate AFRL RB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate AFRL RB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.gordnier@wpafb.af.mil; miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil; marshall.galbraith@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.30 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200005 ER PT B AU Madden, TJ AF Madden, Timothy J. TI Application of 3-D, Unsteady Navier-Stokes Simulation to Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser Technology Development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Three-dimensional, time-dependent solutions of the reacting flow Navier-Stokes equations are applied simulations of chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) hardware. The presented simulations examine various aspects of COIL physics and performance, including mixing nozzle performance as related to flow unsteadiness and diffuser performance as determined by shock-boundary layer interactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RD, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RD, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM timothy.madden@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.72 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200013 ER PT B AU Fawaz, S Andersson, B AF Fawaz, Scott Andersson, Boerje TI Fast and Reliable Solution of GDoF-Problems on NAVO/BABBAGE and AFRL/HAWK Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Fast and reliable structures and materials analysis of full fuselage, wing, and/or empennage sections is now for first time possible with access to highly optimized software, called STRIPE, and the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) BABBAGE and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) HAWK systems. Analyses of this type have opened up the possibility for considering the statistical uncertainties in material data, geometry, crack locations, etc. Very detailed analysis can be performed on huge models which are geometrically exact down to rivet details where growth of numerous cracks at numerous locations is studied Access to this type of analysis results can drastically reduce inspection requirements, prevent premature retirement of old aircraft and increase aircraft safety; all resulting in a potential to save billions of dollars if implemented across the United States Air Force (USAF) fleet. By applying a novel mathematical multi-scale scheme, these problems can be split into solving many thousand smaller problems and one very large problem. The efficient implementation of these two different activities is crucial for computing in a shared environment. This technique results in solution of 10(9) sets of equations for the large problem with greater than 10(4) right hand sides and thousands of smaller problems having about 10(6) degrees-of-freedom (DoF) each. Iterative solvers are not competitive so direct solvers must be used The major difficulty in achieving scalability is then related to the extensive input/output (I/O) traffic characteristic of commercially available (MSC/NASTRAN and ABAQUS for example) software. The paper describes various techniques adopted to achieve high system scalability when solving the world's largest strength of materials problem related to aircraft maintenance and design. Support from major software vendors (SGI, IBM), MSRC's support specialists as well as I/O specialists at the University of Tennessee (as apart of the PET-program) have strongly contributed to the successful results demonstrated. The technological capability developed is demonstrated by analyzing an idealized C-130 center wing box. C1 [Fawaz, Scott] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Andersson, Boerje] Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Fawaz, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Scott.Fawaz@usafa.af.mil; ba@foi.se FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson AFB; OH; AFRL/MSRC; NAVO/MSRC; USAFA/MSRC; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Materials Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, for sponsoring this work. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of Brent Anderson, AFRL/MSRC; John Skinner, NAVO/MSRC; and Steve Senator, USAFA/M&SRC in development of the computational platform. This work could not have been accomplished without the support of the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 114 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.20 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200017 ER PT B AU Gaitonde, DV Malo-Molina, FJ Ebrahimi, HB AF Gaitonde, Datta V. Malo-Molina, F. Joel Ebrahimi, Houshang B. TI Integrated Analysis of Scramjet Flowpath with Innovative Inlets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB During the second year of this Challenge effort, combustion simulations were employed to provide significant insight into the relative impact of flow distortion arising in the different inlet designs: rectangular, scoop and 'jaws". Efforts on the rectangular cross-section design extended previous analyses to explore multi-cavity injection with streamwise and spanwise interlacing. To this end, new injection strategies were developed in a standard single-cavity configuration and tested for optimum combustion efficiency, measured through flame holding and stabilization characteristics. Among the key observations is the improved efficiency associated with opposing injector pairs within the cavity in a manner that reinforces the natural circulation. Furthermore, under appropriate circumstances, configurations that trigger or enhance spanwise instabilities to yield longitudinal vortices tend to augment mixing and may be more effective than normal injection. For the newer inward turning inlet designs, a common combustor configuration was developed and tested numerically. Preliminarily, eight circumferentially distributed injectors mounted on the cavity back face were considered. Although the injection rates were modest, several distinctions were immediately apparent in performance due to differences in jaws and scoop inlet distortion. The profile obtained with jaws provides highly non-uniform combustion regions relative to scoop, yielding different burning patterns as measured from the products of combustion. An initial assessment of the flow in the recessed cavity region (in the low burning section of the combustor) indicates that the streamwise direction recirculation was not as strong for scoop as for jaws. Further analyses are in progress to optimize both configurations in an attempt to guide evolution of each design. C1 [Gaitonde, Datta V.; Malo-Molina, F. Joel] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate AFRL RB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ebrahimi, Houshang B.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate AFRL RZ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate AFRL RB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Datta.Gaitonde@wpafb.af.mil; Faure.Malo-Molina@wpafb.af.mil; Houshang.Ebrahimi@arnold.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 130 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.36 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200019 ER PT B AU Bettencourt, MT Cartwright, KL Greenwood, AD Fleming, TP Haworth, MD Lockwood, NP Mardahl, PJ AF Bettencourt, M. T. Cartwright, K. L. Greenwood, A. D. Fleming, T. P. Haworth, M. D. Lockwood, N. P. Mardahl, P. J. TI Virtual Prototyping of Directed Energy Weapons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB This paper gives an overview of how RF sources may be virtually prototyped with the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (ICEPIC) code. ICEPIC simulates from first principles (Maxwell's equations and Lorenz's force law) the electrodynamics and charged particle dynamics of the radio frequency (RF)-producing part of the system. Our simulations focus on two classes of sources: giga-watt L-band sources and megawatt W-band sources; the relativistic magnetron and gyrotron are shown as an example. Such simulations require enormous computational resources. These simulations successfully expose undesirable features of these sources and help us to suggest improvements. C1 [Bettencourt, M. T.; Cartwright, K. L.; Greenwood, A. D.; Fleming, T. P.; Haworth, M. D.; Lockwood, N. P.; Mardahl, P. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RD, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Bettencourt, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RD, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM Matthew.Bettencourt@Kirtland.af.mil; Keith.Cartwright@Kirtland.af.mil; Andrew.Greenwood@Kirtland.af.mil; Timothy.Fleming@Kirtland.af.mil; Michael.Haworth@Kirtland.af.mil; Nathaniel.Lockwood@Kirtland.af.mil; Peter.Mardahl@Kirtland.af.mil RI bettencourt, matthew/I-5924-2014 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.34 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200023 ER PT B AU Woodward, C Asta, M Trinkle, DR Lill, J Angioletti-Uberti, S AF Woodward, Christopher Asta, Mark Trinkle, Dallas R. Lill, James Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano TI Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Molten Ni-Based Superalloys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AL ALLOYS; LIQUID; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DENSITIES; METALS AB Variations in composition and temperature of the liquid-phase molar volume (V(c, T)) play a critical role in driving convective instabilities during the casting of single-crystal turbine blades, These instabilities have long been associated with the formation of large highly mis-oriented grains (i.e., freckle defects) that produce significant degradation in materials properties of these critical aerospace components. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have been performed,for elemental, binary and ternary alloys of Ni with Al, W, Re, and Ta, as well as a RENE-N4 multi-component superalloy, to compute equations of state at 1830 and 1750K. Where comparisons with measurements are available, AIMD-calculated volumes agree to within 0.6-1.8% of experiment. Results are compared with recently published parameterizations of V(c,T) developed using binary experimental data from a narrow range of compositions. Also, structural analysis of the AIMD results based on radial distribution functions augmented with common-neighbor analysis and bond angle distributions reveal a strong tendency for icosahedral short range order for Ni-W and Ni-Re alloys. Finally, a new constant pressure methodology was added to the AIMD package that has allowed the efficient simulation of highly complex alloys, such as an eight component model of a RENE-N4 Ni-based superalloy. C1 [Woodward, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asta, Mark] Univ Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trinkle, Dallas R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lill, James] High Performance Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mat, London, England. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christopher.Woodward@wpafb.af.mil; mdasta@ucdavis.edu; dtrinkle@uiuc.edu; james.lill@wpafb.af.mil; s.angioletti-uberti07@imperial.ac.uk FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the MEANS II [FA955005-0089]; Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center; Major Shared Research Center on the SGI Origin 3000 and SGI Altix; EPSRC [EP/D04619X] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the MEANS II program (Grant No. FA955005-0089). This work was also supported in part by a grant of computer time by the Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center, Major Shared Research Center on the SGI Origin 3000 and SGI Altix. One of the authors (SA) also acknowledges the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) and the EPSRC (Grant No. EP/D04619X) for funding. Finally, we thank Profs. Mike W. Finnis and Peter D. Lee at the Imperial College London, for fruitful discussions about the structural data analysis. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.15 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200025 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Gordon, MS Voth, GA Hammes-Schiffer, S AF Boatz, Jerry A. Gordon, Mark S. Voth, Gregory A. Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon TI Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; SYSTEMS; ENERGIES; HYDROGEN; 1ST-ROW; MODEL; ATOMS AB An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in space and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental and toxicological hazards (and the resulting costs) associated with currently used propellants. A class of compounds which can potentially meet these requirements is known as ionic Liquids (ILs), which are chemical salts with unusually low melting points. The physical and chemical properties of ILs render them useful for many purposes, most notably as environmentally benign ("green") solvents/reaction media but also as catalysts, electrolytes, etc. From a Department of Defense (DoD) perspective, ILs are being explored as new propellants, explosives, and munitions. The Air Force, in particular, is interested in ILs as potential replacements for currently used monopropellants such as hydrazine-which is carcinogenic, highly toxic, and has relatively modest performance characteristics. In contrast, many ILs have superior densities and specific impulses as well as significantly reduced sensitivity and toxicity characteristics. Furthermore, their properties can be carefully tuned via the choice of the component ions. The overall objective of the Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids challenge project is to address several key technical issues and challenges associated with the characterization, design, and development of ILs as new monopropellants. Among these, for example, are a fundamental understanding of the (in)stability of ILs, the intrinsic nature of the short- and long-range structure and interactions between the component ions, and identfication of the key steps in the initial stages of decomposition and combustion. A hierarchy of computational approaches is employed, including atomistic, high-level quantum chemical methods applied to individual ions and ion clusters, condensed phase atomistic molecular dynamics simulations utilizing polarizable force fields, and mesoscale-level simulations of bulk ionic liquids based upon multiscale coarse graining techniques. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, RZSP, Edwards Afb, CA USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, RZSP, Edwards Afb, CA USA. EM jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil; mark@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu; voth@chem.utah.edu; shs@psu.edu RI Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon/B-7325-2013 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.57 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200030 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Sorescu, D AF Boatz, Jerry A. Sorescu, Dan TI Polynitrogen/Nanoaluminum Surface Interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE; POINTS; METALS AB First-principles density functional theory (LIFT) calculations using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been performed to study the adsorption of a series of all-nitrogen and high-nitrogen compounds of increasing sizes and complexity on the Al(111) surface. The calculations employ periodic slab models with 4 Al layers, ranging in size from (3 x 3) to (5x5) surface unit cells, and containing up to 144 Al atoms. Complementary quantum chemical calculations, utilizing DFT and second-order perturbation theory methods, of the ground state potential energy surfaces of the corresponding polynitrogen/high nitrogen species in the absence of the aluminum surface also have been performed. The initial set of studies performed in the first year of this challenge project, which focused on the adsorption and reaction properties of N-x (x=1-5), NHx (x=1-3), N2Hx (x=1-4), N3H, N3H3, and N4H4 species on Al(111), have been extended to include larger polynitrogen systems such as N-6, N-8, N-10, and N-12. The C48N12 fullerene-like molecule way included in this series in place of N-60, which was found to be unstable in the gas phase. Furthermore,, simple nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as furazan (C2N2H2O), 2H-1,2,3- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole (C2N3H3), and 1H- and 2H-tetrazole (CN4H2) have been studied. Additional compounds of interest include the monosubstituted di(cyclopropyl)triazole (C11N6H12) and di(cyclobutyl)triazole (C13N5H16) derivatives of triazene. For these systems, surface interaction mechanisms involving both dissociative and nondissociative processes have been characterized as a function of molecular orientation and surface site. The dissociative mechanisms generally include elimination of one or more N-2 molecules. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Space Missile Prop Div,RZS, Edwards Afb, CA USA. [Sorescu, Dan] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Space Missile Prop Div,RZS, Edwards Afb, CA USA. EM jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil; dan.sorescu@netl.doe.gov FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge grants of computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers (DSRCs), sponsored by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 247 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.58 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200038 ER PT B AU Tsige, M Patnaik, SS AF Tsige, Mesfin Patnaik, Soumya S. TI Structure and Dynamics of Squalane Films on Solid Surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BRANCHED ALKANES; LIQUID SQUALANE; SIMULATION; INTERFACES; TENSION AB Interfaces between liquids and solids or gases play important roles in a number of different technologies and have thus been the main focus of many theoretical and experimental studies. The discontinuous nature of physical properties at interfaces makes it demanding to develop a general theory, and most existing theories are therefore based on macroscopic continuum equations. Now, for the first time, simulations are opening up the field of interfacial problems. Starting from models which have been developed and validated for bulk polymers it is now possible to treat interfaces at the atomistic or molecular level. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations based on the all-atom optimized parameter for liquid simulation (OPLS) model are used to investigate the equilibrium structure and dynamics of squalane films near hydroxylated-crystalline or amorphous silicon dioxide surface. Results for the structure and dynamics of monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer films of liquid squalane adsorbed on the two SiO2 surfaces are presented and discussed. C1 [Tsige, Mesfin] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tsige, M (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mtsige@physics.siu.edu; Soumya.Patnaik@wpafb.af.mil FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program under the JEOM visiting Faculty Fellowship FX MT was supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program under the JEOM visiting Faculty Fellowship. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 252 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.29 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200039 ER PT B AU Ayubi-Moak, JS Goodnick, SM Stanzione, D Speyer, G Sotirelis, P AF Ayubi-Moak, Jason S. Goodnick, Stephen M. Stanzione, Dan Speyer, Gil Sotirelis, Paul TI Improved Parallel 3D FDTD Simulator for Photonic Crystals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods; photonic crystals; parallel processing; electromagnetic analysis ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MEDIA; FIELD; CONVOLUTION; EQUATIONS; WAVES AB Photonic crystals have shown a great deal of promise for the realization of true integrated optics. Waveguides with small bends may be formed allowing compact integrated photonic circuits to be formed. Full three-dimensional (3D) photonic simulations are required in order to realize very low loss, integrated photonic crystal circuits. Needless to say, the design and fabrication of such fully 3D structures is challenging, and thus efficient simulation tools are necessary to identify the optimum structures for different applications. Researchers at the Department of Defense (DoD) and Arizona State University (ASU) have independently developed parallel Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) codes, with the goal of scaling tip each simulator for complicated structures such as 3D optical integrated circuits (OIC). As the name implies, FDTD is a popular time-domain method for solving Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields. These two curl equations are solved explicitly in time over half-step intervals, where the values of one set of field values (e.g., electric fields) are used at the successive interval to solve for the other field (e.g., magnetic field) in a time marching fashion. In previously reported work, a fully parallel FDTD code scalable to 10(7) FDTD grid points was presented and showed good scalability up to 200 processors,. The goal of our current work has been to realize a more optimized and efficient implementation requiring significantly less memory and scalable to thousands of processors. This requires both a scalable parallel FDTD code, as well as one with improved absorbing boundary conditions and more efficient algorithms to reduce runtime. The work and results discussed herein address both the scalability and the efficiency of the time-domain algorithm. C1 [Ayubi-Moak, Jason S.; Goodnick, Stephen M.; Stanzione, Dan; Speyer, Gil] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sotirelis, Paul] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ayubi-Moak, JS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jayubim@asu.edu; goodnick@asu.edu; dstanzi@asu.edu; speyer@asu.edu; Paul.Sotirelis@wpfb.af.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 319 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.85 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200050 ER PT B AU Spetka, S Hadzimujic, H Peek, S Flynn, C AF Spetka, Scott Hadzimujic, Haris Peek, Stephen Flynn, Christopher TI High Productivity Languages for Parallel Programming Compared to MPI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID CHAPEL AB Two new high productivity parallel programming languages, Chapel (Cray) and X10 (IBM), are compared to the Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallel programming environment. The study qualitatively compares language features used to develop a prototype publication/subscription system. Our results show that the global partitioned address space (GPAS) and support for other parallel processing abstractions, employed by each of the new languages, increases productivity and reduces time to solution for parallel program development. C1 [Spetka, Scott; Hadzimujic, Haris] SUNY Inst Technol, Comp & Informat Sci, Utica, NY USA. [Peek, Stephen] Binghamton Univ, Binghamton, NY USA. [Flynn, Christopher] US Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate RI, Rome, NY USA. RP Spetka, S (reprint author), SUNY Inst Technol, Comp & Informat Sci, Utica, NY USA. EM scott@c.s.sunyit.edu; haris.hadzimujic@sunyit.edu; speck1@binghamton.edu; Christopher.Flynn@rl.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 413 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.41 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200067 ER PT B AU Elton, BH Magde, KM AF Elton, Bracy H. Magde, Kevin M. TI A Scalability Study on Multicore Cluster Systems of an AFRL Radar Frequency Tomography Imaging Code Written in MATLAB (R) for Parallel Execution Using Star-P (R) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB The Radar Signal Processing Technology Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Sensors Directorate (Kevin Magde, Principal Investigator) is investigating development of radar frequency (RF) tomography technology for sensing applications. In conjunction with the recent arrival of a remote test facility, the quantity of collected input test data will increase, and the computational requirements will significantly increase. As the teams work involves frequent algorithmic modifications, the team focuses its research writing programs in high-level languages such as MATLAB (R). Applications are currently running on the team's own small SGI Altix (R) system and exploit parallelism via Inlet-active Supercomputing, Inc.'s Star-P (R) product. Anticipating increased computational requirements, the team would like to use Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program's (HPCMP) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) systems for some of their work and seeks recommendations moving forward. The team is also interested in processing data at afield location when it is being collected in an effort to improve productivity. This study examines the scalability of example research RF tomography Star-P/MATLAB codes on the Arizona State University Fulton high performance computing Saguaro system, which is an Intel (R) multicore Xeon (R) cluster with an Infiniband (R) interconnect; this type of system can be found at DoD HPCMP MSRCs. The study provides direction toward shortening the development cycle time for RF tomography imaging experiments, in addition to providing guidance for future computing purchases. C1 [Elton, Bracy H.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, AFRL RCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Magde, Kevin M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Adv Radar Waveforms & Proc Branch RYRT, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Elton, BH (reprint author), Ohio Supercomp Ctr, AFRL RCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elton@osc.edu; Kevin.Magde@rl.af.mil FU DoD HPCMP PET activities through Mississippi State University [GS04T01BFC0060] FX Contributions by one of us (Elton) to this publication were made possible through support provided by DoD HPCMP PET activities through Mississippi State University under contract No. GS04T01BFC0060. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 459 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.51 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200074 ER PT B AU Linderman, R AF Linderman, Richard TI Early Experiences with Algorithm Optimizations on Clusters of Playstation 3's SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB A 50 TeraFLOPS cluster of Playstation 3s (R) (Ps3) IS being built at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate (AFRL/RI) in Rome, NY as an High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) effort to provide early access to the IBM Cell Broadband engine chip technology included in the low priced commodity gaining consoles. A heterogeneous cluster with powerful subcluster headnodes is used to balance the architecture in light of PS3 memory and input/output constraints. Several cases studies have shown that 30-70% of the 153 GFLOPS peak performance of these nodes can be sustained on problems of Department of Defense (DoD) interest. Notable power efficiency approaching 1 GFLOPS/Watt has also been observed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate AFRL RI, Rome, NY USA. RP Linderman, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate AFRL RI, Rome, NY USA. EM richard.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 468 EP 471 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.59 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200075 ER PT B AU Ross, VW Thomas, VB AF Ross, Virginia Watson Thomas, Valerie B. TI Women and Minorities in Information Technology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB With the rapid expansion of the use of information technology throughout our global society, there is a need to recruit capable new employees to the information technology workforce. As a result, employers need to be aware of the employment issues and concerns of the entire labor pool, and what it takes to satisfy these workers. While the vast majority of information technology workers are men, women and underrepresented minorities also bring valuable talents to this field. This paper addresses the shortage of women and minorities in the information technology field and ways to increase their education enrollment and workforce participation in information technology. C1 [Ross, Virginia Watson] USAF, Res Lab Informat Directorate AFRL RF, Rome, NY USA. [Thomas, Valerie B.] OSD S&T, Washington, DC USA. RP Ross, VW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Informat Directorate AFRL RF, Rome, NY USA. EM virginia.ross@rl.af.mil; valerie.thomas@osd.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 522 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.53 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200084 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, M. W. Havrilla, M. J. TI A nondestructive technique for determining complex permittivity and permeability of magnetic sheet materials using two flanged rectangular waveguides SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; HALF-SPACE; METALS; REFLECTION; TISSUES; CRACKS AB In this paper, a nondestructive technique for determining the complex permittivity and permeability of magnetic sheet materials using two flanged rectangular waveguides is presented. The technique extends existing single probe methods by its ability to simultaneously measure reflection and transmission coefficients imperative for extracting both permittivity and permeability over all frequencies. Using Love's Equivalence Principle, a system of coupled magnetic field integral equations (MFIEs) is formed. Evaluation of one of the two resulting spectral domain integrals via complex plane integration is discussed. The system, solved via the Method of Moments (MoM), yields theoretical values for the reflection and transmission coefficients. These values are compared to measured values and the error minimized using nonlinear least squares to find the complex permittivity and permeability of a material. Measurement results for two magnetic materials are presented and compared to traditional methods for the purpose of validating the new technique. The technique's sensitivity to uncertainties in material thickness and waveguide alignment is also examined. C1 [Hyde, M. W.; Havrilla, M. J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2008 VL 79 BP 367 EP 386 DI 10.2528/PIER07102405 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 261LY UT WOS:000253081700024 ER PT S AU Korostyshevsky, A Hausgen, PE Granata, JE Sahlstrom, TD AF Korostyshevsky, Aaron Hausgen, Paul E. Granata, Jennifer E. Sahlstrom, Theodore D. GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS USING LIGHT-BIASED CURRENT MEASUREMENT SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB We present in this paper a technique that we call light-biased current measurement (LBCM) that is used to measure the current output of a component cell in a multi-junction solar cell structure. The current of the solar cell is measured while it is illuminated under a simulated air mass zero (AM0) spectrum and secondary lamps are applied to boost the current in the component cells not being measured. Hence, the component cell being measured limits the current generation of the multi-junction device. This technique offers improved reliability and significant time savings compared to quantum efficiency (QE) measurement. Furthermore, this study shows that QE is almost impossible to reliably measure in low quality devices such as those severely degraded by radiation. LBCM data are compared with QE data and uncertainties of both methods are analyzed. C1 [Korostyshevsky, Aaron] EMCORE Corp, Toledo, OH 06851 USA. [Hausgen, Paul E.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Granata, Jennifer E.] Grumman Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sahlstrom, Theodore D.] Schaefer Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Korostyshevsky, A (reprint author), EMCORE Corp, Toledo, OH 06851 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate FX This work was performed as partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in Physics at the University of Toledo. Aaron Korostyshevsky wishes to acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, for initiating and funding this project as well as his thesis advisor, Dr. Alvin Compaan. The authors also thank Baojie Yan of United Solar Ovonic for useful discussions. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1192 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000261 ER PT S AU Simburger, EJ Liu, S Halpine, J Hinkley, D Rumsey, D Swenson, J Granata, J Yoo, H AF Simburger, Edward J. Liu, Simon Halpine, John Hinkley, David Rumsey, Daniel Swenson, James Granata, Jennifer Yoo, Henry GP IEEE TI Solar Cell Calibration for the Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed (PSSC Testbed) Space Flight Experiment SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn C1 [Simburger, Edward J.; Liu, Simon; Halpine, John; Hinkley, David; Rumsey, Daniel; Swenson, James; Granata, Jennifer] Aerosp Corp, Bethpage, NY 11714 USA. [Yoo, Henry] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Simburger, EJ (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Bethpage, NY 11714 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate FX This work is being sponsored for space flight by Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1446 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000319 ER PT S AU Granata, JE Merrill, J AF Granata, J. E. Merrill, J. GP IEEE TI MASS AND COST COMPARISON OF LIGHTWEIGHT ARRAY AND RIGID ARRAY STRUCTURES SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB Lightweight solar array structures continue to be developed to take advantage of the mass savings afforded by thin-film photovoltaic (TFPV) and thin crystalline multijunction (MJ) technologies currently under development. A comparison of one such lightweight array concept to a state of the practice rigid array concept using state of the practice, TFPV, and next-generation thin MJ solar cells is presented. The results demonstrate that lightweight arrays with TFPV technology can provide advantages in cost and mass savings over state of the practice rigid solar array technology, particularly in high radiation orbits and should be considered in the trade space for future space power systems. C1 [Granata, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Granata, J. E.] Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Merrill, J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2052 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000451 ER PT S AU Sahlstrom, TD Hausgen, PE Guerrero, J Howard, AD Snyder, NA AF Sahlstrom, Theodore D. Hausgen, Paul E. Guerrero, Jim Howard, Alex D. Snyder, Neil A. GP IEEE TI ULTRAVIOLET DEGRADATION TESTING OF SPACE PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is seeking robust conformal coatings for the protection of space photovoltaic devices. Such coatings will be required to withstand the stresses of the space environment without structural failure and with minimum loss of transparency. One of the key space environmental factors affecting coatings is ultraviolet radiation. As such, ultraviolet degradation tests were performed upon candidate space conformal coatings at AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate, Ultraviolet Degradation Test Facility (UVDTF). Multiple sample sets, from several vendors have been exposed at AFRL, with promising results. Experimental setup is outlined, and a detailed discussion on the test method and calculations is provided. Test results have influenced the selection of certain coating formulations to fly on the Materials on the International Space Station Experiment Seven (MISSE-7). Results of two sample sets from one vendor are given to show the method and capability of the UVDTF. C1 [Sahlstrom, Theodore D.; Snyder, Neil A.] Schafer Corp, Space & Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sahlstrom, Theodore D.; Hausgen, Paul E.; Guerrero, Jim; Howard, Alex D.; Snyder, Neil A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sahlstrom, TD (reprint author), Schafer Corp, Space & Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2147 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000471 ER PT S AU Cipar, J Cooley, T Lockwood, R AF Cipar, John Cooley, Thomas Lockwood, Ronald BE Gao, W Wang, H TI Summer to autumn changes in vegetation spectral indices of deciduous trees SO Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, USDA UV-B Monitor & Res Program & Ctr Remote Sensing & Modeling Agr Sustain, Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Eco Lab, Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Water Resources Dept China, Minist Educ E China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geo Informat Sci, Int Ctr Desert Aff - Res Sustainable Dev Arid & Semi Arid Lands DE Vegetation reflectance spectra; seasonal change; red edge; vegetation water content; NDVI ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; RED-EDGE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LEAF REFLECTANCE; LEAVES; MODEL AB The purpose of this work is to measure changes in deciduous tree reflectance spectra as a function of time from late summer to autumn senescence. Leaves were harvested from two maple trees growing in eastern Massachusetts. Reflectance in the 350-2500 mm range was measured in the laboratory on stacks of freshly-harvested leaves, We calculated a number of published spectral indices, finding that most of the indices varied remarkably little across the time period. In some case, the measurement uncertainty was small, although the measurements exhibited wide scatter over the time period. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index showed only a slight downward drift throughout the measurement period. The red edge wavelength was observed to decrease dramatically from the summer growth period (similar to 725 nm) to autumn senescence (similar to 700 nm). C1 [Cipar, John; Cooley, Thomas; Lockwood, Ronald] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cipar, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7303-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7083 AR 708306 DI 10.1117/12.793162 PG 10 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BIR87 UT WOS:000262362000004 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Blodgett, MP Sathish, S Boehnlein, TR AF Ko, Ray T. Blodgett, Mark P. Sathish, Shamachary Boehnlein, Thomas R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Resonant frequency eddy current liftoff measurements for shot peening intensity assessment in materials SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE resonant frequency; eddy current; liftoff; shot peening AB The shot peening intensity of nickel base materials has been examined with an innovative eddy current measurement. The goal is to provide a nondestructive tool to quantitatively evaluate the surface conditions after shot peening. Traditionally, the residual stress caused by the shot peening process can be examined by X-ray diffraction. Recent eddy current works have shown promising results in evaluating the small conductivity variation due to the residual stress. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing the cable which connects to a network analyzer and a conventional eddy current probe to monitor the surface conditions due to the shot peening. C1 [Ko, Ray T.; Sathish, Shamachary; Boehnlein, Thomas R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blodgett, Mark P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700043 ER PT S AU Nalladega, V Sathish, S Jata, KV Blodgett, MP AF Nalladega, Vijay Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar. V. Blodgett, Mark. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI High resolution eddy current imaging with atomic force microscope SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE eddy currents; atomic force microscope (AFM); conductivity AB Eddy current testing is a widely used nondestructive evaluation technique of materials. This technique offers measurement of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of materials. Since the presence of defects significantly changes the electrical conductivity, eddy current testing is widely used to detect defects, cracks in materials. The resolution in eddy current imaging is mainly limited by the diameter of the sensor, which is most often greater than 500 mu m. This paper presents development of an eddy current microscopy based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to image local variations in the electrical conductivity of materials with submicron resolution. The newly developed methodology has been used to characterize materials with varying electrical conductivities. Simultaneously acquired AFM surface topography images and eddy current images of the same region of the samples are presented. The contrast observed in eddy current images is explained based on the local electrical conductivity variations in the materials. The advantages and limitations of the AFM based eddy current imaging to study the electrically conductive materials are discussed. C1 [Nalladega, Vijay; Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jata, Kumar. V.; Blodgett, Mark. P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nalladega, Vijay] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nalladega, V (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Nalladega, Vijay/J-4833-2012 FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI); Air Force [F33615-03-3-9001]; NDE Branch; AFRL/MLLP; Wright Patterson AFB [F33615-03-C- 5219] FX V. Nalladega acknowledges Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) and the Air Force contract # F33615-03-3-9001 for financial support. S. Sathish acknowledges the NDE Branch, AFRL/MLLP, and Wright Patterson AFB for financial support through contract # F33615-03-C- 5219. The authors would also like to acknowledge Richard Reibel (UDRI) for his help in electronic instrumentation. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 400 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700050 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Steffes, GJ AF Ko, Ray T. Steffes, Gary J. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Deep defect detection within thick multilayer aircraft structures containing steel fasteners using a giant-magneto resistive (GMR) sensor SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE GMR; eddy current; permeability; low frequency AB Defect detection within thick multilayer structures containing steel fasteners is a challenging task in eddy current testing due to the magnetic permeability of the fasteners and overall thickness of the structure. To address these issues, a magnet is applied to the fasteners during the inspection to reduce the noise caused by the permeability. Using a GMR sensor coupled with a lock-in amplifier to increase eddy current sensitivity, data is obtained and at low frequencies. After developing a basic signal processing algorithm, the experimental results show this system can detect second layer defects occurring 10-mm below the surface of an aluminum structure with steel fasteners. C1 [Steffes, Gary J.] AF Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ko, Ray T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. FU Nondestructive Evaluation Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MLLP); OH, under Air Force [F33615-03-C-5219]; Squadron of the Canadian Air Forces Base Trenton FX This work was performed on-site in the Nondestructive Evaluation Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MLLP) at Wright Patterson AFB, OH, under Air Force contract # F33615-03-C-5219.; The authors would also like to acknowledge Captain D.J. Butcher of the Aerospace and Telecommunications Engineering Support Squadron of the Canadian Air Forces Base Trenton for providing the specimen for this test. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 865 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700110 ER PT S AU Case, JT Kharkovsky, S Zoughi, R Steffes, G Hepbum, FL AF Case, J. T. Kharkovsky, S. Zoughi, R. Steffes, G. Hepbum, F. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Millimeter wave holographical inspection of honeycomb composites SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE honeycomb composites; millimeter waves; holography ID MICROWAVE AB Multi-layered composite structures manufactured with honeycomb, foam, or balsa wood cores are finding increasing utility in a variety of aerospace, transportation, and infrastructure applications. Due to the low conductivity and inhomogeneity associated with these composites, standard nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are not always capable of inspecting their interior for various defects caused during the manufacturing process or as a result of in-service loading. On the contrary, microwave and millimeter wave NDT methods are well-suited for inspecting these structures since signals at these frequencies readily penetrate through these structures and reflect from different interior boundaries revealing the presence of a wide range of defects such as square isband, delamination, moisture and oil intrusion, impact damage, etc. Millimeter wave frequency spectrum spans 30 GHz - 300 GHz with corresponding wavelengths of 10-1 mm. Due to the inherent short wavelengths at these frequencies, one can produce high spatial resolution images of these composites either using real-antenna focused or synthetic-aperture focused methods. In addition, incorporation of swept-frequency in the latter method (i.e., holography) results in high-resolution three-dimensional images. This paper presents the basic steps behind producing such images at millimeter wave frequencies and the results of two honeycomb composite panels are demonstrated at Q-band (33-50 GHz). In addition, these results are compared to previous results using X-ray computed tomography. C1 [Case, J. T.; Kharkovsky, S.; Zoughi, R.] Univ Missouri, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Steffes, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hepbum, F. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Case, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-04-C-5704]; Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT; University of Missouri-RoUa (UMR); NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC); PNA FX This work has been supported by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract no. FA8650-04-C-5704, in conjunction with the Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT) at the University of Missouri-RoUa (UMR). We also would like to thank NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for providing the use a millimeter wave PNA for collecting the Q-band data and performing the experiments. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 970 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701007 ER PT S AU Bamard, DJ Hsu, DK Foreman, C Wendt, S Kreitinger, NA Steffes, GJ AF Bamard, Daniel J. Hsu, David K. Foreman, Cory Wendt, Scott Kreitinger, Nicholas A. Steffes, Gary J. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NDE of bonded aluminum components on aircraft structures SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE NDE; bonded aluminum; ultrasonic; bond test; tap test AB Bonded aluminum structures have been commonly used on aircraft for many years, and many of these applications include flight control surfaces. These bonded structures can be made up of aluminum face sheets adhesively bonded to a central honeycomb core, or they could also be composed of machined components that are bonded in a tongue-in-groove type manner called Grid-Lock. Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) methods of bonded aluminum structures usually involve the detection of skin-to-core disbonds, core buckling and damage caused by impacts. In the case of Grid-Lock, NDI techniques are focused on the detection of failures in the tongue-in-groove adhesive joint. Three nondestructive inspection methods were applied to honeycomb sandwich structures and Grid-Lock panels. The three methods were computer aided tap test (CATT), air-coupled ultrasonic testing (ACUT), and mechanical impedance analysis (MIA). The honeycomb structures tested consisted of structural panels and flight control surfaces from various aircraft. The Grid-Lock samples tested are laboratory specimens that simulate various defects. Experimental results and comparisons from each of these methods and samples will be presented. C1 [Bamard, Daniel J.; Hsu, David K.; Foreman, Cory; Wendt, Scott; Kreitinger, Nicholas A.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Steffes, Gary J.] US Air Force, AFRL MLLP, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bamard, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-C-5228]; NDE FX This material was based on work supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract #FA8650-04-C-5228 at Iowa State University's Center for NDE; technical monitor is Gary Steffes. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 988 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701010 ER PT S AU Martin, RW Sathish, S Jata, KV AF Martin, Richard W. Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar V. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Investigation of local elastic properties in friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V using scanning acoustic microscopy SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE focused acoustic beam; friction stir welding; elastic properties ID WAVE VELOCITY AB Local changes in the microstructure and ultrasonic wave velocity variation across a friction weld in Ti-6Al-4V are investigated using scanning acoustic microscopy. Surface and bulk acoustic wave velocity and amplitude measurements performed across the weld are presented. The changes in the characteristics of the surface waves are related to the near surface microstructure in different parts of the weld. The bulk velocity and amplitude changes thru the thickness show bright and dark bands particularly in the nugget region. Possible reasons for formation of such bands are discussed. Application of acoustic microscopy to detect localized process induced defects in friction stir welds is discussed. C1 [Martin, Richard W.; Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU NDE Branch; AFRL/Material and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [F33615-03-C-5219] FX This research was sponsored by, and performed on-site at the NDE Branch, AFRL/Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio under Contract # F33615-03-C-5219. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1050 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701018 ER PT S AU Martin, SA Jata, KV Martin, RW Sathish, S AF Martin, Steven A. Jata, Kumar V. Martin, Richard W. Sathish, Shamachary BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Modeling of acoustic wave propagation through varying grain size structure SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE focused acoustic beam; friction stir welding; elastic properties ID ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; FATIGUE; ALLOYS; WELDS AB Traditional models of ultrasonic wave propagation are primarily useful for NDE of homogeneous and isotropic materials. In the presence of spatial variations of elastic properties in materials, ultrasonic wave propagation simulation as well as NDE becomes challenging. In view of these challenges, the computational modeling approaches are suitable to incorporate the spatial elastic property variations and elastic anisotropy into simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation. This paper investigates the application of finite element based simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in materials with varying grain sizes and associated ultrasonic wave velocities. As an example, the method is used to simulate ultrasonic wave propagation through Aluminum-Lithium high strength structure. Acoustic microscopically measured local elastic properties across the weld are incorporated into the simulation. Results of simulation of Rayleigh Surface Wave (RSW) and bulk acoustic wave propagation in the FSW structure are presented. C1 [Martin, Steven A.] NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.] US Air Force, NDE Div, Res Lab Met Ceram, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Richard W.; Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Martin, SA (reprint author), NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. EM steven.martin@wpafb.af.mil; kumar.jata@wpafb.af.mil; shamachary.sathish@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force; Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, AFRL/Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [F33615-98-C-5217, F33615-03-C5220] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force, and performed on-site at the Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, AFRL/Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio under Contracts # F33615-98-C-5217 and F33615-03-C5220. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1140 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701029 ER PT S AU Kundu, T Das, S Jata, KV AF Kundu, T. Das, S. Jata, K. V. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Point of impact prediction in anisotropic fiber reinforced composite plates from the acoustic emission data SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE acoustic; emission; impact; passive monitoring; lamb wave; anisotropic; composite; plate AB A newly developed optimization based method is followed to locate the point of impact in anisotropic composite plates for which conventional triangulation technique fails. The new technique works for both anisotropic and isotropic plates. Experiments are carried out by dropping a steel ball on a graphite-epoxy composite plate and picking up acoustic signals by passive transducers adhesively bonded to the plate at different locations. Predicted points of impact are compared with the true impact point. C1 [Kundu, T.; Das, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jata, K. V.] MLLP, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kundu, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; AFRL/MLLP; CNDE (Center for Nondestructive Evaluation) of the Iowa State University FX This research was partially supported from a research grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/MLLP, through CNDE (Center for Nondestructive Evaluation) of the Iowa State University. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1405 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701065 ER PT S AU Mazdiyasni, S AF Mazdiyasni, Siamack BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Opportunities and challenges in NDE and health monitoring of turbine engine components SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE NDE; health monitoring; turbine engines; high temperature; sensor ID SENSOR AB Advanced high temperature sensors and instrumentation for potential aircraft gas turbine propulsion health monitoring has been explored through significant research and development in the laboratory in the past two decades[8-17]. With continued emphasis on safety, improving engine life cycle cost and fuel efficiency, and increasing durability and life, there is strong impetus to move these technologies out of the laboratory and onto the engines. The objective of this paper is to provide a perspective of the opportunities and challenges in implementing advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and health monitoring techniques on aircraft gas turbine engine components, and to propose an approach for accelerating implementation to meet Air Force objectives. C1 USAF, Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mazdiyasni, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1468 EP 1475 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701073 ER PT B AU Xu, SY Jiang, ZP Huang, L Repperger, DW AF Xu, S. Y. Jiang, Z. P. Huang, L. Repperger, D. W. BE Li, Q Chen, SY Xu, A Li, M TI Control-oriented approaches to dynamic decision making SO ROBOTICS, CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY SE Electrical and Computer Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th WSEAS International Conference on Robotics, Control, and Manufacturing Technology CY APR 06-08, 2008 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE dynamic decision making; feedback control; Sugar Factory task; supervisory control; reliance on automation ID FIELD-THEORY; VERBALIZABLE KNOWLEDGE; HUMAN INTERVENTION; AUTOMATION; TRUST; MODELS; TASK; PERFORMANCE; RELIANCE; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, an approach of learning in dynamic decision making tasks is first developed based on the application of feedback control theory to the case study of the Sugar Factory (SF) task. The SF task is a simple individual dynamic decision-making task in which decision makers are expected to learn from experience. Previously there have been some experimental models (e.g. the D&F model and the W model) focusing on this task, however, they are not robust to workload change and require a large amount of information to be stored. The control model presented here not only avoids such shortcomings, but also significantly enhances the system efficiency, adaptivity and robustness. Through the demonstration of simulation, this new model presents a fairly good estimation of automation control capability to participants, that is, the capacity of automation in a SF supervisory control system. In a supervisory control system, both of the operators' trust in automation and self-confidence in manual control could be described by a dynamic approach, which provides a basis for understanding the factors that guide operators' allocation strategy. As trust and self-confidence are closely associated with the capacity of automation and manual control separately, it behooves us to improve existing models to let the operator have a better understanding of capacities. A modified EDIT model as well as the theoretical analysis are then proposed to present a more accurate description of reliance on automation. Simulation results on a Sugar Factory supervisory control system are derived to show that operators' reliance on automation has been greatly enhanced. C1 [Xu, S. Y.; Huang, L.] Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Z. P.] Polytech Univ, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Repperger, D. W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, SY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xushiyun@pku.edu.cn; zjiang@control.poly.edu; hl35hj75@pku.edu.cn RI Xu, Shiyun/B-2918-2011 FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Polytechnic University under China Scholarship Council FX The research was supported in part by a contract from the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This work was done when the first author was visiting the Polytechnic University under a Fellowship from the China Scholarship Council. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-6766-51-0 J9 ELE COM ENG PY 2008 BP 138 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHY79 UT WOS:000257506500021 ER PT J AU Onedera, JD Minatrea, N Kindsvatter, A AF Onedera, Jill D. Minatrea, Neresa Kindsvatter, Aaron BE Onedera, JD TI Collaboration Between Licensed Mental Health Professionals and Religious Leaders SO ROLE OF RELIGION IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY COUNSELING SE Family Therapy and Counseling LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONS; SPIRITUALITY; WORK C1 [Onedera, Jill D.] Western Kentucky Univ, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Minatrea, Neresa] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kindsvatter, Aaron] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Counseling & Student Affairs, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Onedera, JD (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94123-2 J9 FAM THER COUNSEL PY 2008 BP 245 EP 260 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA BUQ00 UT WOS:000290019600022 ER PT B AU Buchanan, CL Kastner, JH Forrest, WJ Hrivnak, BJ Sahai, R Egan, M Frank, A Barnbaum, C AF Buchanan, Catherine L. Kastner, Joel H. Forrest, William J. Hrivnak, Bruce J. Sahai, Raghvendra Egan, Michael Frank, Adam Barnbaum, Cecilia BE Chary, RR Teplitz, HI Sheth, K TI Spitzer IRS spectra of luminous 8 mu m sources in the large magellanic cloud SO SECOND ANNUAL SPITZER SCIENCE CENTER CONFERENCE: INFRARED DIAGNOSTICS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Spitzer Science Center Conference on Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA ID INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH IRS AB We have produced an atlas of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra of mass-losing, evolved stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. These stars were selected to have high mass-loss rates and so contribute significantly to the return of processed materials to the ISM. Our high-quality spectra enable the determination of the chemistry of the circumstellar envelope from the mid-IR spectral features and continuum. We have classified the spectral types of the stars and show that the spectral types separate clearly in infrared color-color diagrams constructed from 2MASS data and synthetic IRAC/MIPS fluxes derived from our IRS spectra. We present diagnostics to identify and classify evolved stars in nearby galaxies with high confidence levels using Spitzer and 2MASS photometry. Comparison of the spectral classes determined using IRS data with the IR types assigned based on NIR colors also revealed a significant number of mis-classifications and enabled us to refine the NIR color criteria resulting in more accurate NIR color classifications of dust-enshrouded objects. C1 [Buchanan, Catherine L.; Kastner, Joel H.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Forrest, William J.; Frank, Adam] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Hrivnak, Bruce J.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Sahai, Raghvendra] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Egan, Michael] AF Res Lab, OASD, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Barnbaum, Cecilia] Valdosta State Coll, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. RP Buchanan, CL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM clbsps@cis.rit.edu; jhk@cis.rit.edu FU NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory to Cornell University [960803]; California Institute of Technology [960803] FX The design, fabrication, and testing of the IRS at Ball Aerospace Corporation was supported by a NASA contract awarded by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to Cornell University (JPL contract number 960803). The IRS pipeline was developed at the SSC at the California Institute of Technology under contract to JPL. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-325-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 381 BP 140 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO46 UT WOS:000254828200026 ER PT B AU Eyster, MD Mendenhall, MJ Rogers, SK AF Eyster, Matthew D. Mendenhall, Michael J. Rogers, Steven K. BE Wani, MA Chen, X Casasent, D Kurgan, L Hu, T Hafeez, K TI A Qualia Framework for Ladar 3D Object Classification SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications CY DEC 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE SMC, Calif State Univ, Bakersfield, Assoc Machine Learning & Applicat ID RECOGNITION; FIGURES AB Ladar provides 3D shape information that has yet to he fully exploited for object recognition or classification. This is partly due to the operating conditions, but mostly due to a representational gap in computational intelligence. This paper briefly explores some of the hurdles of object classification using ladar data and proposes a theoretical framework, based on the biological inspiration or qualia, we believe will allow us to address these operating conditions and, most importantly, this representational gap. Our framework works on concepts instead of parts, and iterates a top-down and bottom-up solution that updates the hypothesis with the accrual of evidence. This creates a system that we believe will generalize concepts, learn from experience, and even recognize the need for the addition of new classes based on its current world view. C1 [Eyster, Matthew D.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, Steven K.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat & Sensors Directorates, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyster, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.eyster@afit.edu; michael.mendenhall@afit.edu; steven.rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3495-4 PY 2008 BP 463 EP + DI 10.1109/ICMLA.2008.135 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV71 UT WOS:000263205800067 ER PT J AU Reed, SA Palazotto, AN Baker, WP AF Reed, Shad A. Palazotto, Anthony N. Baker, William P. TI An experimental technique for the evaluation of strain dependent material properties of hard coatings SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear damping; nonlinear stiffness; free-free boundary condition; Hilbert Transform; hard coatings; magnesium aluminate spinel ID HILBERT TRANSFORM; DAMPING COATINGS AB A novel vibration experiment consisting of a free-free boundary condition, an electromagnetic excitation source, a vacuum chamber, and a laser vibrometer based surface measurement system has been developed that permits high levels of excitation on highly damped specimens with a minimal amount of unwanted systematic error. While some of the aspects of this experiment are not unique, when combined with a processing technique that accounts for the nonlinearities present in the system, this experiment permits, accurate measurement of strain dependent stiffness and damping properties of hard coatings at high strain levels. This procedure has been demonstrated using a titanium beam that has been coated with a free-layer damping treatment of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel. The results indicate that Magnesium Aluminate Spinel has both nonlinear stiffness and damping properties. The stiffness asymptotes to a minimum value around 650 microstrain while the damping is a maximum around 100 microstrain. Additionally, the data contained herein cover a larger strain range for this material than previously reported. C1 [Reed, Shad A.; Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baker, William P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reed, SA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu FU AFRL/TEFF; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX The author would like to acknowledge the support of the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility to include Dr. Tommy George, Mr. Brian Runyon, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Additionally, Mr. John Justice and Dr. Peter Torvik, Universal Technology Corporation, were instrumental in the analysis of material properties and the execution of the experiments. The research was funded by AFRL/TEFF and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 697 EP 712 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 371IR UT WOS:000260825500009 ER PT S AU Lenz, TA Vasquez, JR AF Lenz, Thomas A. Vasquez, Juan R. BE Drummond, OE TI Feature-aided tracking in the urban environment SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE feature extraction; persistent tracking; urban environment; spin histogram AB The various asymmetrical threats in the urban environment have driven the need for persistent surveillance and methods to exploit the data provided by passive sensing platforms. The primary goal is to track vehicles as they move through the urban environment. The rather large number of ambiguous tracking events requires incorporation of target features to maintain track purity. This paper will discuss a feature extraction technique that will be referred to as "feature-aided"' tracking to mitigate some of the tracking issues in this environment (e.g. rotation and illumination invariance, partial occlusion, and move-stop-move transitions). The feature extraction method applied is loosely based on the SPIN histogram method of applying a two-dimensional histogram relative to the center of an object. This paper focuses on applying a simplified version of the intensity-based two-dimensional histogram and gradient-based two-dimensional histogram introduced by the works of Mikolajczyk and Schmid,(1) and Lazebnik, Schmid, and Ponce.(2) Instead of applying the matching technique on a still frame subjected to various image transformations, we will apply this technique to sequential frames of imagery in an urban environment. This approach is intended to be the first of several steps towards eventually integrating a feature-aided tracking option as one of multiple sources of measurement association. The preliminary results show potential signs of success especially with rotation-invariance and move-stop-move transitions; however, additional efforts are required associated with illumination invariance, partial occlusion and disambiguation of close proximity objects. C1 [Lenz, Thomas A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lenz, TA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2850 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.lenz@afit.edu; juan.vasquez@numerica.us NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7160-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6969 AR 69690D DI 10.1117/12.777398 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIA85 UT WOS:000257982200011 ER PT S AU Soliman, NA Mendenhall, MJ Vasquez, JR AF Soliman, Neil A. Mendenhall, Michael J. Vasquez, Juan R. BE Drummond, OE TI Spectral gating in hyperspectral-augmented target tracking SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral-aided tracking; feature-aided tracking; hyperspectral imagery; classification; gating AB Hyperspectral images provide scientists and engineers with the capability of precise material identification in remote sensing applications. One can leverage this data for precise track identification (ID) and incorporate the high-confidence ID in the tracking process. Our previous work demonstrates that hyperspectral-aided tracking outperforms kinematic-only tracking where multiple ambiguous situations exist. We develop a novel gating concept for hyperspectral measurements, similar in concept to the gating of the Mahalanobis distance computed from the Kalman residuals. Our spectral gating definition is based on the distance between the spectral distribution of the class ID of a track and the spectral distribution of the class ID resulting from the classification of a measurement. We further incorporate the distance between each class distribution (in spectral space) in the track association portion of our hyperspectral-aided tracker. Since functional forms of the joint probability distribution function do not exist, similarity measures such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence or Bhattacharyya distance cannot be used. Instead, we compute all pair-wise distances between all samples of the two classes and then summarize these distances in a meaningful way. This article presents our novel spectral gating approach and its use in track association. It further explores different similarity measures and their effect on spectral gating and track association. C1 [Soliman, Neil A.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soliman, NA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7160-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6969 AR 696907 DI 10.1117/12.777590 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIA85 UT WOS:000257982200006 ER PT S AU Martinsen, GL Hosket, JS Pinkus, AR AF Martinsen, Gary L. Hosket, Jonathan S. Pinkus, Alan R. BE Kadar, I TI Correlating military operators' visual demands with multi-spectral image fusion - art. no. 69681S SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multi-spectral imagery; image fusion; infrared; short-wavelength infrared; visual demand ID ACCIDENTS AB Multi-spectral image portrayal using several sensors is a revolutionary way to increase the amount of useful visual information to the end user. However, for maximum usability, the information from multiple sensors must be fused into a single image that can be understood. The decisions about which sensors are delivering the most important information for a given viewing situation and what manipulations should be done to the acquired data are complex. To better examine this complexity, information was obtained from aviators about which visual tasks are deemed to be most important. This information was gathered from discussions with pilots and other aircrew members as well as from relevant publications. The important visual task information was then used to develop a matrix that included specific visual aspects of the task (e.g., detection or identification). The matrix also included other parameters that could affect or alter the ability to "see" the desired target or perform the task. These other parameters include ambient lighting, environmental conditions (e.g., clear or hazy atmospheres), man-made impediments to vision (camouflage or smoke), and which image enhancing algorithms should be applied (e.g., contrast enhancement or noise reduction). This top-down evaluation was then used to determine which image enhancement algorithms are most important and which will be employed most often for the identified visual tasks. C1 [Martinsen, Gary L.; Hosket, Jonathan S.; Pinkus, Alan R.] USAF, Res Lab, RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martinsen, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RHCV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7159-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6968 BP S9681 EP S9681 DI 10.1117/12.778322 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHZ17 UT WOS:000257579700054 ER PT S AU Leap, NJ Bauer, KW AF Leap, Nathan J. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. BE Kadar, I TI Confidence paradigm for classification systems - art. no. 69680U SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE confidence; classification; multiattribute preference theory; value functions; pattern recognition; automatic target recognition AB There is no universally accepted methodology to determine how much confidence one should have in a classifier output. This research proposes a framework to determine the level of confidence in an indication from a classifier system where the output is a measurement value. There are two types of confidence developed in this paper. The first is confidence in a classification system or classifier and is denoted classifier confidence. The second is the confidence in the output of a classification system or classifier. In this paradigm, we posit that the confidence in the output of a classifier should be, on average, equal to the confidence in the classifier as a whole (i.e., classifier confidence). The amount of confidence in a given classifier is estimated using multiattribute preference theory and forms the foundation for a quadratic confidence function that is applied to posterior probability estimates. Classifier confidence is currently determined based upon individual measurable value functions for classification accuracy, average entropy, and sample size, and the form of the overall measurable value function is multilinear based upon the assumption of weak difference independence. Using classifier confidence, a quadratic function is trained to be the confidence function which inputs a posterior probability and outputs the confidence in a given indication. In this paradigm, confidence is not equal to the posterior probability estimate but is related to it. This confidence measure is a direct link between traditional decision analysis techniques and traditional pattern recognition techniques. This methodology is applied to two real world data sets, and results show the sort of behavior that would be expected from a rational confidence measure. C1 [Leap, Nathan J.; Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leap, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7159-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6968 BP U9680 EP U9680 DI 10.1117/12.776755 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHZ17 UT WOS:000257579700026 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Poteet, MJ Pantle, AJ AF Pinkus, Alan R. Poteet, Miriam J. Pantle, Allan J. BE Kadar, I TI Dynamic stimulus enhancement with Gabor-based filtered images SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Gabor filters; mango/parvo pathways; target detection; image fusion; saliency; visual attention; feature extraction ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; ALLOCATION; PATHWAYS; PARALLEL; FUSION AB In an empirical study, observers gave ratings of their ability to detect a military target in filtered images of natural scenes. The purpose of the study was twofold. First, the absolute value of the convolution images generated with oriented Gabor filters of different scales and orientations, and pairs of filters (corner filters), provided brightness images which were evaluated as saliency maps of potential target locations. The generation of the saliency maps with oriented Gabor filters was modeled after the second-order processing of texture in the visual system. Second, two methods of presentation of the saliency maps were compared. With the flicker presentation method, a saliency map was flickered on and off at a 2-Hz rate and superimposed upon the image of the original scene. The flicker presentation method was designed to take advantage of the known properties of the magnocellular pathway of the visual system. A second method (toggle presentation) used simply for comparison, required observers to switch back and forth between the saliency image and the image of the original scene. Primary results were that (1) saliency images produced with corner filters were rated higher than those produced with simple Gabor filters, and (2) ratings obtained with the flicker method were higher than those obtained with the toggle method, with the greatest advantage for filters tuned to lower spatial frequencies. The second result suggests that the flicker presentation method holds considerable promise as a new technique for combining information (dynamic image fusion) from two or more independently obtained (e.g., multispectral) or processed images. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7159-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6968 AR 69681R DI 10.1117/12.778002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHZ17 UT WOS:000257579700053 ER PT S AU Soref, R AF Soref, Richard BE Kubby, JA Reed, GT TI Towards silicon-based longwave integrated optoelectronics (LIO) - art. no. 689809 SO SILICON PHOTONICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Silicon Photonics III CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID REGION AB The vision of longwave silicon photonics articulated in the Journal of Optics A, vol. 8, pp 840-848, 2006 has now come into sharper focus. There is evidence that newly designed silicon-based optoelectronic circuits will operate at any wavelength within the wide 1.6 to 200 mu m range. Approaches to that LWIR operation are reviewed here. A long-range goal is to manufacture LWIR OEIC chips in a silicon foundry by integrating photonics on-chip with CMOS, bipolar, or BiCMOS micro-electronics.. A principal LWIR application now emerging is the sensing of chemical and biological agents with an OE laboratory-on-a-chip. Regarding on-chip IR sources, the hybrid evanescent-wave integration of III-V interband-cascade lasers and quantum-cascade lasers on silicon (or Ge/Si) waveguides is a promising technique, although an alternative all-group-IV solution is presently taking shape in the form of silicon-based Ge/SiGeSn hand-to-hand and inter-subband lasers. There is plenty of room for creativity in developing a complete suite of LWIR components. Materials modification, device innovation, and scaling of waveguide dimensions are needed to implement microphotonic, plasmonic and photonic-crystal LWIR devices, both active and passive. Such innovation will likely lead to significant LIO applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYHC, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7073-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6898 BP 89809 EP 89809 DI 10.1117/12.765459 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHN56 UT WOS:000254508600007 ER PT J AU Fogler, KA Tuscano, K Yacavone, N Tauber, S Dyche, J AF Fogler, K. A. Tuscano, K. Yacavone, N. Tauber, S. Dyche, J. TI The effects of class start time on sleep patterns and academic performance in us air force academy cadets SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Fogler, K. A.; Tuscano, K.; Yacavone, N.; Tauber, S.; Dyche, J.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fogler, K. A.; Tauber, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 397 BP A132 EP A132 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000397 ER PT B AU Lawrence, TJ Barnhart, DJ Sauter, LM Kiley, FT Siegenthaler, KE AF Lawrence, Timothy J. Barnhart, David J. Sauter, Luke M. Kiley, Frederick T. Siegenthaler, Kenneth E. BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW TI The United States Air Force Academy FalconSAT Small Satellite Program SO SMALL SATELLITES: PAST, PRESENT , AND FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lawrence, Timothy J.; Barnhart, David J.; Sauter, Luke M.; Kiley, Frederick T.; Siegenthaler, Kenneth E.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFAS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Barnhart, David J.; Kiley, Frederick T.] USAF Acad, Space Syst Res Ctr, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Sauter, Luke M.] USAF Acad, Syst Div, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Lawrence, TJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFAS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-884989-22-3 PY 2008 BP 187 EP 226 PG 40 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKT30 UT WOS:000269159700007 ER PT J AU Bohner, G Dykema-Engblade, A Tindale, RS Meisenhelder, H AF Bohner, Gerd Dykema-Engblade, Amanda Tindale, R. Scott Meisenhelder, Helen TI Framing of majority and minority source information in persuasion - When and how "Consensus Implies Correctness" SO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Minority Influence Processes CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Oxford, ENGLAND DE consensus; conversion; framing; majority influence; minority influence; persuasion ID ATTITUDE; DISTINCTIVENESS; CONFLICT; CONTRAST; IMPACT AB Information about source consensus may either create expectancies of message validity that bias subsequent processing, or may determine the amount of message processing. The authors propose that which of the two effects occurs depends on the framing of consensus information. Undergraduates (N = 242) read strong, ambiguous, or weak arguments on an issue; the source was framed as either knowledgeable or similar to participants; source consensus was either low (minority) or high (majority). Dependent variables were the favorability of cognitive responses and postmessage attitudes. As predicted, knowledge framing caused consensus-based assimilation for ambiguous arguments, and contrast for both strong and weak arguments, whereas similarity framing caused extensive processing of minority arguments, but uncritical acceptance of majority arguments. C1 [Bohner, Gerd] Univ Bielefeld, Psychol Abt, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Dykema-Engblade, Amanda] NE Illinois Univ, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Tindale, R. Scott] Loyola Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [Meisenhelder, Helen] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Bohner, G (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Psychol Abt, Postfach 10 01 31, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM gerd.bohner@uni-bielefeld.de RI Bohner, Gerd/B-2274-2008 OI Bohner, Gerd/0000-0002-0564-3625 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS PI GOTTINGEN PA ROHNSWEG 25, D-37085 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 1864-9335 J9 SOC PSYCHOL-GERMANY JI Soc. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1027/1864-9335.39.2.108 PG 9 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 312AO UT WOS:000256641700004 ER PT J AU Ner, Y Grote, JG Stuart, JA Sotzing, GA AF Ner, Yogesh Grote, James G. Stuart, Jeffrey A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Enhanced fluorescence in electrospun dye-doped DNA nanofibers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; LIPID COMPLEX; SURFACTANT COMPLEX; STRANDED-DNA; THIN-FILMS; FIBERS; INTERCALATION; BEHAVIOR; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Nanoscale fibers and non-woven meshes composed of DNA complexed with a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, or CTMA) have been fabricated through electrospinning. The DNA-CTMA complex can be electrospun far more easily than DNA alone. Incorporation of a hemicyanine chromophore resulted in materials that demonstrated amplified emission as compared to thin films of identical composition. The enhanced fluorescence resulted from both the fiber morphology (5-6- fold amplification) and specific interactions (groove-binding) between the chromophore and DNA (18-21-fold amplification). The mechanical properties of freestanding electrospun non-woven fiber meshes were evaluated, and revealed stress-induced alignment of DNA strands within the DNA-CTMA fibers. These fiber-based materials are easily processable into a variety of morphologies, and have promise for applications in molecular electronics, filtration, sensors, and the medical industry. C1 [Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Ctr Nanobion, Storrs, CT USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey A.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1448 EP 1453 DI 10.1039/b717581g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 316JG UT WOS:000256945000014 ER PT J AU White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Serak, SV Hrozhyk, UA Tondiglia, VP Koerner, H Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Serak, Svetlana V. Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. TI A high frequency photodriven polymer oscillator SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; ACTUATORS; MOTION; SYSTEM; FILMS AB High frequency and large amplitude oscillations are driven by laser exposure in cantilevers made from a photosensitive liquid crystal polymer. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Timothy J.] Gen Dynam IT, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.; Serak, Svetlana V.; Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 16 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1796 EP 1798 DI 10.1039/b805434g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 364ZY UT WOS:000260376900009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, DW Zhao, J Dowty, H Alexander, M Orler, EB AF Schaefer, Dale W. Zhao, Jian Dowty, Heather Alexander, Max Orler, E. Bruce TI Carbon nanofibre reinforcement of soft materials SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PRECIPITATED SILICA; POLYMER COMPOSITES; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELASTOMERS; NANOTUBES; NANOCOMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; DISPERSION AB In elastomeric matrices carbon nanofibres are found to be twenty times more effective than carbon black as a reinforcing filler. In hard matrices, by contrast, reinforcement is minimal. Tensile and dynamic mechanical tests were performed to elucidate the mechanism of reinforcement in order to explain the superior performance in soft matrices. Small-angle neutron scattering and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering were used to quantify filler morphology, which turns out to be the key factor that limits reinforcement potential. The presence of fractal cluster formed by agglomeration of the nanofibres reduces the effective aspect ratio of the nanotubes. Clustering, however, introduces a new reinforcement mechanism based on elastic deformation of the fibre clusters. This mechanism is operative in soft matrices but not in hard matrices, thus explaining the enhanced performance in soft matrices. C1 [Schaefer, Dale W.; Zhao, Jian] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Zhao, Jian] Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Rubber Plast, Minist Educ, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Dowty, Heather; Alexander, Max] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Orler, E. Bruce] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX We especially appreciate the efforts of Ryan Justice, Jan Ilavsky and Dave Anderson in collection of the scattering data and Doug Kohls in collection of the DMA data. ScopingDMA studies (not reported) were carried out by Chris Pfeifer. We thank Man-Ho Kim for his assistance in the neutron scattering work. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The facilities of the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Centre are gratefully appreciated. The work at the Lujan Centre was supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Science, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2071 EP 2079 DI 10.1039/b805314f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 365AA UT WOS:000260377100015 ER PT J AU Harrison, RA Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Bewsher, D Crothers, SR Davies, JA Howard, RA Moses, DJ Socker, DG Newmark, JS Halain, JP Defise, JM Mazy, E Rochus, P Webb, DF Simnett, GM AF Harrison, Richard A. Davis, Christopher J. Eyles, Christopher J. Bewsher, Danielle Crothers, Steve R. Davies, Jackie A. Howard, Russell A. Moses, Daniel J. Socker, Dennis G. Newmark, Jeffrey S. Halain, Jean-Philippe Defise, Jean-Marc Mazy, Emmanuel Rochus, Pierre Webb, David F. Simnett, George M. TI First imaging of coronal mass ejections in the heliosphere viewed from outside the Sun-Earth line SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; heliosphere ID IMAGER; SOLAR; STEREO; ACCELERATION AB We show for the first time images of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) viewed using the Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument aboard the NASA STEREO spacecraft. The HI instruments are wide-angle imaging systems designed to detect CMEs in the heliosphere, in particular, for the first time, observing the propagation of such events along the Sun-Earth line, that is, those directed towards Earth. At the time of writing the STEREO spacecraft are still close to the Earth and the full advantage of the HI dual-imaging has yet to be realised. However, even these early results show that despite severe technical challenges in their design and implementation, the HI instruments can successfully detect CMEs in the heliosphere, and this is an extremely important milestone for CME research. For the principal event being analysed here we demonstrate an ability to track a CME from the corona to over 40 degrees. The time-altitude history shows a constant speed of ascent over at least the first 50 solar radii and some evidence for deceleration at distances of over 20 degrees. Comparisons of associated coronagraph data and the HI images show that the basic structure of the CME remains clearly intact as it propagates from the corona into the heliosphere. Extracting the CME signal requires a consideration of the F-coronal intensity distribution, which can be identified from the HI data. Thus we present the preliminary results on this measured F-coronal intensity and compare these to the modelled F-corona of Koutchmy and Lamy (IAU Colloq. 85, 63, 1985). This analysis demonstrates that CME material some two orders of magnitude weaker than the F-corona can be detected; a specific example at 40 solar radii revealed CME intensities as low as 1.7x10(-14) of the solar brightness. These observations herald a new era in CME research as we extend our capability for tracking, in particular, Earth-directed CMEs into the heliosphere. C1 [Harrison, Richard A.; Davis, Christopher J.; Eyles, Christopher J.; Bewsher, Danielle; Crothers, Steve R.; Davies, Jackie A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.; Simnett, George M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.] Univ Valencia, Grp Astron & Ciencias Espacio, ICMUV, Valencia, Spain. [Howard, Russell A.; Moses, Daniel J.; Socker, Dennis G.; Newmark, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Halain, Jean-Philippe; Defise, Jean-Marc; Mazy, Emmanuel; Rochus, Pierre] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. [Webb, David F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Webb, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, AFB, MA USA. RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM r.harrison@rl.ac.uk RI Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Bewsher, Danielle/0000-0002-6351-5170 NR 19 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 247 IS 1 BP 171 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9083-6 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252WA UT WOS:000252476300012 ER PT S AU Osenar, M Clark, F D'Souza, C AF Osenar, Michael Clark, Fred D'Souza, Christopher BE Seago, JH Neta, B Eller, TJ Pelletier, FJ TI Performance of an automated feature tracking lunar navigation system SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2008, VOL 130, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 18th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2008 CL Galveston, TX SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The performance of an automated lunar landmark navigation system is investigated using linear covariance techniques and shown to be an effective method for navigation in lunar orbit. The camera is shown to improve state estimates primarily by decreasing downrange position error in subsequent sightings of a particular feature. With a large feature set and a wide camera field of view, active feature tracking is expected to achieve a 3 sigma RSS position error of under 500 m and 3 sigma RSS velocity error under 3 m/s in low lunar orbit. A set of eight potential cameras are analyzed and the camera field of view is found to be the most important factor affecting the performance of this navigation system. C1 [Osenar, Michael] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Osenar, M (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-544-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 130 BP 23 EP 40 PN 1-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIC52 UT WOS:000258397800002 ER PT B AU Russ, S Woodward, C Kim, YW Yolton, F AF Russ, Steve Woodward, Chris Kim, Young-Won Yolton, Fred BE Kim, YW Morris, D Yang, R Leyens, C TI Effect of all content on microstructure/phase distribution and strength/ductility in a PM gamma alloy SO STRUCTURAL ALUMINIDES FOR ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: GAMMA TITANIUM AND OTHER: METALLIC ALUMINIDES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Structural Aluminides for Elevated Temperatures Symposium held at the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; TIAL ALLOYS; STRENGTH AB Strength and ductility of TiAl alloys vary with changes in microstructure and composition, and possible interactions between these effects exist. For example, At is known to affect strength and the variation in volume fraction of gamma and alpha-2 phases have been credited with the effect. However, the impact of composition versus phase fraction and microconstitutent fraction has not been satisfactorily quantified, especially for multi-element compositions. In ail effort to understand such effects, four billets of gamma alloy 03K, nominal composition of Ti45.5Al-3Nb-1Cr-0.2W-0.2B-0.4C-0.2Si (at%). were produced from gas-atomized powder and subsequently forged. The actual At content varied between 44.8 and 47.4 at%. The forgings were heat treated to develop three microstructural variants: fully lamellar, nearly lamellar and duplex. The microstructure and Rockwell C hardness were analyzed oil all samples, and room-temperature tensile testing was conducted oil the fully-lamellar materials. The resulting strength and ductility as a function of At content and microstructure are discussed. C1 [Russ, Steve; Woodward, Chris] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russ, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-720-9 PY 2008 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIB82 UT WOS:000258313300008 ER PT B AU Altrock, R Howe, R Ulrich, R AF Altrock, Richard Howe, Rachel Ulrich, Roger BE Howe, R Komm, RW Balasubramaniam, KS Petrie, GJD TI Solar torsional oscillations and their relationship to coronal activity SO SUBSURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON SOLAR ACTIVITY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th National Solar Observatory Sacramento Peak Workshop CY APR 16-20, 2007 CL Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Air Force Off Sci Res HO Natl Solar Observ ID ZONAL FLOWS; SURFACE; CYCLE AB Torsional Oscillations (TO) were first observed on the surface of the Sun as waves of small deviations from differential rotation, which propagate from high latitudes to the equator over solar-cycle time scales. More recently they have been inferred from observations of solar global oscillations to occur in the convection zone. Long-lived brightenings in the corona have also been observed to propagate from near the poles to the equator over similar time scales. This paper will discuss the relationship between TO as observed on the solar surface and in the convection zone and brightenings in the corona. We find that there is an apparent connection between these two phenomena that extends from the equator to latitudes as high as 70 degrees to 80 degrees. This may imply control of both of these phenomena by the driver of the solar cycle (the solar dynamo) and thus place observational constraints on dynamo models. C1 [Altrock, Richard] Natl Solar Observ, AF Res Lab, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howe, Rachel] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ulrich, Roger] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Altrock, R (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, AF Res Lab, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NASA [S-92698-F, NAG 5-11703, NNG 05HL41l]; NASA; NSF [ATM-0236682, ATM-0517729]; ONR FX R. C. Altrock was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. R. Howe was in part supported by NASA contracts S-92698-F, NAG 5-11703, and NNG 05HL41I. This work utilizes data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) program, managed by the National Solar Observatory, which is operated by AURA, Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The data were ac- quired by instruments operated by the Big Bear Solar Observatory, High Altitude Observatory, Learmonth Solar Observatory, Udaipur Solar Observatory, Instituto de Astrofysica de Canarias, and Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory. NSO/Sacramento Peak data used here are produced cooperatively by USAF/AFMC/AFRL/VSBXS and NSF/NSO/SP. The solar observations from Mt. Wilson reported here have been supported by a number of grants from NASA, NSF and ONR. Recent observations and analysis are supported by NSF through grants ATM-0236682 and ATM-0517729. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-329-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 383 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO72 UT WOS:000254887200037 ER EF