FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Evans, JB Zvonar, Z AF Evans, Joseph B. Zvonar, Zoran TI RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Comp & Network Syst, Directorate Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Evans, Joseph B.] USAF, Rome Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Elect Engn, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Zvonar, Zoran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Evans, JB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evans@ittc.ku.edu; zoran.zvonar@mediatek.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 47 IS 12 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531TY UT WOS:000272693000008 ER PT J AU Jacques, DR Bode, JV Pachter, M AF Jacques, David R. Bode, John V., II Pachter, Meir TI Optimization of an Autonomous Weapon System's Operating Characteristic SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Autonomous search; autonomous weapon; optimal search; weapon operating characteristic AB Optimal employment of autonomous wide area search munitions or unmanned aerial vehicles is considered. The air vehicle searches a battle space for stationary targets in the presence of false targets and/or clutter. Control problems are formulated to achieve optimal scheduling of the control variables P(TR), the probability of target report, which is a reflection of the sensor's threshold setting, and Q, the area coverage rate. These optimal control problem formulations yield solutions that maximize the probability of target attack, and constraints to also satisfy hard bounds on the probability of false target attacks may also be applied. Analysis has shown that the optimal solutions are sensitive to the particular relationship between the autonomous target recognition module's receiver operating characteristic parameter,, and area coverage rate, Q. In this paper the relationship is developed from first principles for both passive and active sensors, and the optimal P(TR) and Q schedules are obtained. C1 [Jacques, David R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bode, John V., II] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacques, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.jacques@afit.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-8184 J9 IEEE SYST J JI IEEE Syst. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1109/JSYST.2009.2032385 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA 549CH UT WOS:000274019100012 ER PT J AU Chakravarthy, V Li, X Wu, ZQ Temple, MA Garber, F Kannan, R Vasilakos, A AF Chakravarthy, Vasu Li, Xue Wu, Zhiqiang Temple, Michael A. Garber, Fred Kannan, Rajgopal Vasilakos, Athanasios TI Novel Overlay/Underlay Cognitive Radio Waveforms Using SD-SMSE Framework to Enhance Spectrum Efficiency-Part I: Theoretical Framework and Analysis in AWGN Channel SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radio; overlay waveform; underlay waveform; dynamic spectrum access; spectrum efficiency ID MC-CDMA; ACCESS; CODES AB Recent studies suggest that spectrum congestion is primarily due to inefficient spectrum usage rather than spectrum availability. Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and Cognitive Radio (CR) are two techniques being considered to improve spectrum efficiency and utilization. The advent of CR has created a paradigm shift in wireless communications and instigated a change in FCC policy towards spectrum regulations. Within the hierarchical DSA model, spectrum overlay and underlay techniques are employed to enable primary and secondary users to coexist while improving overall spectrum efficiency. As employed here, spectrum overlay exploits unused (white) spectral regions while spectrum underlay exploits under-used (gray) spectral regions. In general, underlay approaches use more spectrum than overlay approaches and operate below the noise floor of primary users. Spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals, to include Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA), are candidate CR waveforms. The SMSE structure supports and is well suited for CR-based Software Defined Radio (SDR) applications. This paper provides a general soft decision SMSE (SD-SMSE) framework that extends the original SMSE framework to achieve synergistic CR benefits of overlay and underlay techniques. This extended framework provides considerable flexibility to design overlay, underlay and hybrid overlay/underlay waveforms that are scenario dependent. Overlay/underlay framework flexibility is demonstrated herein for a family of SMSE signals, including OFDM and MC-CDMA. Analytic derivation of CR error probability for overlay and underlay applications is presented. Simulated performance analysis of overlay, underlay and hybrid overlay/underlay waveforms is also presented and benefits discussed, to include improved spectrum efficiency and channel capacity maximization. Performance analysis of overlay/underlay CR waveform in fading channels will be discussed in Part II of the paper. C1 [Chakravarthy, Vasu] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Li, Xue] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kannan, Rajgopal] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Vasilakos, Athanasios] Univ Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece. RP Chakravarthy, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. EM Vasu.Chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; li.68@wright.edu; Zhiqiang.Wu@wright.edu; michael.temple@afit.edu; Fred.Garber@wright.edu; rkan-nan@bit.csc.lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0708469, 0737297, 0837677]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering (WCSSE) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0708469, No. 0737297, No. 0837677, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering (WCSSE). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the United States Air Force, Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. NR 31 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3794 EP 3804 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2009.12.080400 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 532CG UT WOS:000272721000036 ER PT J AU Moran, JT McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Farlow, GC AF Moran, Jeffrey T. McClory, John W. Petrosky, James C. Farlow, Gary C. TI The Effects of Temperature and Electron Radiation on the Electrical Properties of AlGaN/GaN HFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE DE Electron irradiation; gallium nitride; heterojunction field effect transistors ID MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; PROTON; DEVICES AB Al(0.27)Ga(0.73)N/GaN HFETs were electron irradiated at 80 K. The gate leakage and transistor current were measured and compared to theoretical tunneling models. The results are consistent with previous work but explicitly show that radiation produces point defects in the AlGaN that are positively charged at low temperature. C1 [Moran, Jeffrey T.] USA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Moran, Jeffrey T.] DTRA RD CXT, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McClory, John W.] USA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McClory, John W.; Petrosky, James C.] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Farlow, Gary C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Moran, JT (reprint author), USA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jeffrey.t.moran@us.army.mil; john.mcclory@afit.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu; gary.farlow@wright.edu OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6 BP 3223 EP 3228 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2033694 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 530PN UT WOS:000272604900032 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, K Jenkins, K Birman, K Thorp, J Toussaint, G Parashar, M AF Hopkinson, Kenneth Jenkins, Kate Birman, Kenneth Thorp, James Toussaint, Gregory Parashar, Manu TI Adaptive Gravitational Gossip: A Gossip-Based Communication Protocol with User-Selectable Rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive communication; epidemic protocols; publish/subscribe systems AB Gossip-based communication protocols are attractive in cases where absolute delivery guarantees are not required due to their scalability, low overhead, and probabilistically high reliability. In earlier work, a gossip-based protocol known as gravitational gossip was created that allows the selection of quality ratings within subgroups based on workload and information update frequency. This paper presents an improved protocol that adds an adaptive component that matches the actual subgroup communication rates with desired rates coping with network variations by modifying underlying gossip weights. The protocol is designed for use in environments where many information streams are being generated and interest levels vary between nodes in the system. The gossip-based protocol is able to allow subscribers to reduce their expected workload in return for a reduced information rate. The protocol is a good fit for applications such as military information systems, sensor networks, and rescue operations. Experiments were conducted in order to compare the merits of different adaptation mechanisms. Experimental results show promise for this approach. C1 [Hopkinson, Kenneth; Toussaint, Gregory] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jenkins, Kate] Akamai Technol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Birman, Kenneth] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thorp, James] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Parashar, Manu] Elect Power Grp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Hopkinson, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; kjenkins@akamai.com; ken@cs.cornell.edu; jsthorp@vt.edu; gregory.toussaint@afit.edu; parashar@electricpowergroup.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1830 EP 1843 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2009.23 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 515JB UT WOS:000271464900011 ER PT J AU Nylund, C Denson, L AF Nylund, C. Denson, L. TI Analysis of secular trends and impact of Clostridium difficile in hospitalized children with inflammatory bowel disease SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Crohns and Research Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2009 CL Hollywood, FL SP Crohns & Coitis Fdn Natl Clin & Res C1 [Nylund, C.; Denson, L.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nylund, C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1078-0998 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 12 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 530DK UT WOS:000272569000002 ER PT J AU Kim, YW Rosenberger, A Dimiduk, DM AF Kim, Y-W. Rosenberger, A. Dimiduk, D. M. TI Microstructural changes and estimated strengthening contributions in a gamma alloy Ti-45Al-5Nb pack-rolled sheet SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Titanium aluminides based on TiAl; Mechanical properties at ambient temperature; Rolling; Recrystallization and recovery; Microstructure ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; PLASTIC BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TIAL ALLOYS; ADDITIONS; AL AB Thin sheets made of a gamma-titanium aluminide alloy, Ti-45Al-5Nb, produced by a pack-rolling process, were evaluated for microstructure variation and evolution taking place during aging and annealing treatments. The as-received sheet material was characterized by remarkably high yield strength, 810 MPa, and a complex bimodal microstructure. The microstructure consisted of a matrix of twinned gamma-phase grains and fine-lath lamellar grain microconstituent, together with a dispersed ultra-fine-grained gamma + alpha-2 mixture microconstituent. High-temperature isothermal aging treatments changed the microstructure to a stable mixture of gamma-phase grains (matrix) and coarse alpha-2-phase particles, having size distributions and volume fractions that were specific to the aging temperature. A concurrent strength loss reflects this trend and results in a stable strength level of 550 MPa upon aging at 1000 degrees C for 144 h. Using composition estimates from the phase-boundary shifts that occur from the Nb addition to a Ti-45Al base alloy and, the rule of mixtures, an analysis was made to show that the gamma-phase matrix has an intrinsic strength of 178 MPa. This is a significant intrinsic strength level, well over that of similar to 70 MPa for the Ti-45Al binary alloy. This is rationalized as the solid-solution strengthening effect from shifts of the Ti and Nb levels in the gamma phase and, by an added effect due to increased oxygen solubility in the gamma phase. The overall strength of Ti-45Al-5Nb, however, is roughly the same as that of Ti-45Al, and this is explained by a drastic reduction in the volume fraction of alpha-2-phase in Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy, which is a result of the Nb-induced phase-boundary shifts. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Y-W.] UES, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kim, Y-W.; Rosenberger, A.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, YW (reprint author), UES, Mat & Proc Div, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM young-won.kim@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-01-C-5214] FX S-L. Kim is acknowledged for her dedicated analytical microscopy. The work was performed at Air Force Research Laboratory under AF Contract No. F33615-01-C-5214. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.05.018 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 504NJ UT WOS:000270623400006 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Wu, CY Lee, CN Anwar, D Wysocki, KM Lundgren, DA Farrah, S Wander, J Heimbuch, BK AF Lee, J. -H. Wu, C. -Y. Lee, C. N. Anwar, D. Wysocki, K. M. Lundgren, D. A. Farrah, S. Wander, J. Heimbuch, B. K. TI Assessment of iodine-treated filter media for removal and inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage aerosols SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; biocidal filter; inactivation; iodine; MS2; removal efficiency ID WATER DISINFECTANT; SERUM-ALBUMIN; PARTICLES; VIRUS; BIOAEROSOLS; CAPABILITY; CAPTURE; DEMAND AB Aims: To investigate the performance of an iodine-releasing filter medium for use as a protective device against airborne pathogens. Methods and Results: The filter's physical and viable removal efficiencies (VRE) were investigated with challenges of MS2 bacteriophage aerosols, and the infectivity of MS2 collected on the filter was analysed. To test a proposed inactivation mechanism, media containing thiosulfate or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were put in impingers to quench and consume I(2) released from the filter. In direct plating experiments, treated filters presented significantly higher VREs than did untreated filters; however, collection in excess BSA decreased VRE by half and in thiosulfate the apparent VRE decreased drastically. No significant difference in infectivity of retained viruses on treated and untreated filters was observed at the same environmental condition. Conclusions: Evidence presented herein for competition by dissolved I(2) in infectivity assays supports a mechanism of induced displacement and capture of I(2.) It also requires that dissociation of iodine from the filter and capture of iodine by MS2 aerosols as they pass through the filter be factored in the design of the assessment methodology. The filter's strong retention capability minimizes reaerosolization but also makes it difficult to discriminate the antimicrobial effect at the surface. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study shows the direct plating assay method to be sensitive to interference by iodine-releasing materials. This requires reevaluation of earlier reports of VRE measurements. C1 [Lee, J. -H.; Wu, C. -Y.; Lundgren, D. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lee, C. N.; Anwar, D.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wysocki, K. M.] Dow Latex Tech Ctr, Midland, MI USA. [Farrah, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wander, J.; Heimbuch, B. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU United States Air Force [FA8651-05-C-0136] FX This research was supported by the United States Air Force through grant FA8651-05-C-0136. We are grateful to Safe Life Corp. for supplying the filters for testing. We also thank Yong-Ho Choi and Ki-Joon Jeon for their assistance in taking the SEM images and the Particle Engineering Research Center in the University of Florida for providing the SEM. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1912 EP 1923 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04375.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 519RN UT WOS:000271785400016 PM 19508297 ER PT J AU Kepko, L Spence, H Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Kepko, L. Spence, H. Smart, D. F. Shea, M. A. TI Interhemispheric observations of impulsive nitrate enhancements associated with the four large ground-level solar cosmic ray events (1940-1950) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar proton events; Ice cores; Solar cosmic rays; GLE; Nitrates; Solar flares ID POLAR-CAP ABSORPTION; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PROTON EVENTS; ODD NITROGEN; ICE CORES; STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; INDICATOR AB We present a compelling similarity of impulsive nitrate enhancements observed in polar ice from the northern and southern hemispheres. This analysis concentrates on the period 1940-1950, during which time the first four recorded solar cosmic ray ground-level enhancements (GLEs) occurred. GLEs are strong solar proton events. We show that large and sudden enhancements in the nitrate records from both hemispheres were observed within weeks following the recorded solar cosmic ray ground-level event. The observation of impulsive nitrate enhancements Simultaneously in both hemispheres shortly after a large fluence solar proton event is strong evidence in support of a causal connection and argues strongly for rapid transport of atmospheric nitrates generated through the polar atmosphere by energetic solar proton events. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kepko, L.; Spence, H.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 01945 USA. [Smart, D. F.; Shea, M. A.] USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Spence, H (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 01945 USA. EM spence@bu.edu RI Kepko, Larry/D-7747-2012; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Kepko, Larry/0000-0002-4911-8208; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 FU NSF [ATM-0441703]; Boston University FX We thank Joe McConnell and Jay Kyne for access to the Summit 30-m core. This work was supported by NSF SGER Grant ATM-0441703 and Boston University internal research funds. We thank G.A.M. Dreshhoff for the detailed data from the Windless Bight ice core. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 17-18 BP 1840 EP 1845 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.002 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535QK UT WOS:000272985200019 ER PT J AU Kosch, MJ Gustavsson, B Heinselman, C Pedersen, T Rietveld, MT Spaleta, J Wong, A Wang, W Mutiso, C Bristow, B Hughes, J AF Kosch, M. J. Gustavsson, B. Heinselman, C. Pedersen, T. Rietveld, M. T. Spaleta, J. Wong, A. Wang, W. Mutiso, C. Bristow, B. Hughes, J. TI First incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric heating on the second electron gyro-harmonic SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Auroral ionosphere; Active experiments ID ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; ENERGY TRANSFER RATES; RADIO-WAVES; ENHANCED AIRGLOW; EXCITATION; EISCAT; FREQUENCIES; LATITUDES; IMPACT; 3RD AB We report first results from a unique experiment performed at the HIPAS ionospheric modification facility in conjunction with the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar in Alaska. High-power radio waves at 2.85 MHz, which corresponds to the second electron gyro-harmonic at similar to 245 km altitude, were transmitted into the nighttime ionosphere. Clear evidence of F-region ionospheric electron temperature enhancements were found, for the first time at this pump frequency, maximizing when the pump frequency is close to the second gyro-harmonic and double resonance. This is consistent with previous pump-enhanced artificial optical observations; We estimate the plasma heating efficiency to be approximately double that for higher pump frequencies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Heinselman, C.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Rietveld, M. T.] EISCAT Sci Assoc, N-9027 Ramfjordbotn, Ramfjordbotn, Norway. [Spaleta, J.; Bristow, B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wong, A.; Wang, W.] HIPAS Observ, Two Rivers, AK 99716 USA. [Mutiso, C.; Hughes, J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP Kosch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. EM m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 FU International Foundation for Science, Health and Environment FX Funding for HIPAS operations is gratefully acknowledged from The International Foundation for Science, Health and Environment. We acknowledge the assistance of R O'Connor in processing the optical images. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 17-18 BP 1959 EP 1966 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.08.007 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535QK UT WOS:000272985200032 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM McBratney, CM Solomon, DJ LeClere, L Dewing, CB Provencher, MT AF Tokish, John M. McBratney, Colleen M. Solomon, Daniel J. LeClere, Lance Dewing, Christopher B. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY; GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; SLAP LESIONS; FOLLOW-UP; ANTERIOR; STABILIZATION; DISLOCATIONS; JOINT; PATHOLOGY; 1ST-TIME AB Background: Symptomatic pan-labral or circumferential (360 degrees) tears of the glenohumeral labrum are an uncommon injury. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of surgical treatment of circumferential lesions of the glenoid labrum with use of validated outcome instruments. Methods: From July 2003 to May 2006, forty-one shoulders in thirty-nine patients (thirty-four men and five women) with a mean age of 25.1 years were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study and were managed for a circumferential (360 degrees) lesion of the glenoid labrum. All patients had a primary diagnosis of pain and recurrent shoulder instability, and all underwent arthroscopic repair of the circumferential labral tear with a mean of 7.1 suture anchors. The outcomes for thirty-nine of the forty-one shoulders were assessed after a mean duration of follow-up of 31.8 months on the basis of the rating of pain and instability on a scale of 0 to 10, a physical examination, and three outcome instruments (the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Short Form-12 score). Results: Significant improvement was noted in terms of the mean pain score (from 4.3 to 1.1), the mean instability score (from 7.3 to 0.2), the mean modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (from 55.5 to 89.6), the mean Short Form-12 score (from 75.7 to 90.0), and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (from 36.7 to 88.5). Six shoulders required revision surgery because of recurrent instability (two), recalcitrant biceps tendinitis (two), or postoperative tightness (two). All patients returned to their preinjury activity level. Conclusions: Pan-labral or circumferential lesions are an uncommon yet extensive injury of the glenohumeral joint that may result in recurrent instability and pain. The present study demonstrates that arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with suture anchor fixation can restore the stability of the glenohumeral joint and can provide a reliable improvement in subjective and objective outcome measures. C1 [Tokish, John M.] USAF Acad, Dept Orthoped, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Orthoped, Med Grp 10, 4102 Pinon Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jtoke95@aol.com NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91A IS 12 BP 2795 EP 2802 DI 10.2106/JBJS.H.01241 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 530DE UT WOS:000272568300003 PM 19952240 ER PT J AU Klein, RW Temple, MA Mendenhall, MJ AF Klein, Randall W. Temple, Michael A. Mendenhall, Michael J. TI Application of Wavelet-Based RF Fingerprinting to Enhance Wireless Network Security SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Complex wavelet transform (CWT); dual-tree; intrusion detection; multiple discriminant analysis (MDA); physical layer; RF fingerprinting; wavelet transform; wireless security ID TURN-ON TRANSIENTS; RADIO AB This work continues a trend of developments aimed at exploiting the physical layer of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model to enhance wireless network security. The goal is to augment activity occurring across other OSI layers and provide improved safeguards against unauthorized access. Relative to intrusion detection and anti-spoofing, this paper provides details for a proof-of-concept investigation involving "air monitor" applications where physical equipment constraints are not overly restrictive. In this case, RF fingerprinting is emerging as a viable security measure for providing device-specific identification (manufacturer, model, and/or serial number). RF fingerprint features can be extracted from various regions of collected bursts, the detection of which has been extensively researched. Given reliable burst detection, the near-term challenge is to find robust fingerprint features to improve device distinguishability. This is addressed here using wavelet domain (WD) RF fingerprinting based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) features extracted from the non-transient preamble response of OFDM-based 802.11a signals. Intra-manufacturer classification performance is evaluated using four like-model Cisco devices with dissimilar serial numbers. WD fingerprinting effectiveness is demonstrated using Fisher-based multiple discriminant analysis (NIDA) with maximum likelihood (NIL) classification. The effects of varying channel SNR, burst detection error and dissimilar SNRs for MDA/ML training and classification are considered. Relative to time domain (TD) RF fingerprinting, WD fingerprinting with DT-CWT features emerged as the superior alternative for all scenarios at SNRs below 20 dB while achieving performance gains of up to 8 dB at 80% classification accuracy C1 [Klein, Randall W.; Temple, Michael A.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klein, RW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM randyklein99@gmail.com; michael.temple@afit.edu; michael.mendenhall@afit.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory; Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory and the Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) Program. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU KOREAN INST COMMUNICATIONS SCIENCES (K I C S) PI SEOUL PA HYUNDAI KIRIM OFFICETEL 1504-6 SEOCHODONG 1330-18, SEOCHOKU, SEOUL 137-070, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-2370 J9 J COMMUN NETW-S KOR JI J. Commun. Netw. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 SI SI BP 544 EP 555 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 541SP UT WOS:000273441200003 ER PT J AU Tipton, JB Kihm, KD Pratt, DM AF Tipton, Joseph B., Jr. Kihm, Kenneth D. Pratt, David M. TI Modeling Alkaline Liquid Metal (Na) Evaporating Thin Films Using Both Retarded Dispersion and Electronic Force Components SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE liquid metal evaporation; sodium; micro/nanoscale; heat transfer; modified disjoining pressure; electronic component by free electrons ID EXTENDED MENISCUS; HEAT-TRANSFER; INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS; THERMOCAPILLARY FLOW; DISJOINING PRESSURE; MOLTEN-METAL; PHASE-CHANGE; TRANSPORT; SUBSTRATE; PARTICLES AB A new thin-film evaporation model is presented that captures the unsimplified dispersion force along with an electronic disjoining pressure component that is unique to liquid metals. The resulting nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is solved using implicit orthogonal collocation along with the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The electronic component of the disjoining pressure should be considered when modeling liquid metal extended meniscus evaporation for a wide range of work function boundary values, which represent physical properties of different liquid metals. For liquid sodium, as an example test material, variation in the work function produces order-of-magnitude differences in the film thickness and evaporation profile. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000022] C1 [Tipton, Joseph B., Jr.; Kihm, Kenneth D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, David M.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kkihm@utk.edu OI Tipton, Joseph/0000-0002-1978-1076 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2009 VL 131 IS 12 AR 121015 DI 10.1115/1.4000022 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 521FK UT WOS:000271905600016 ER PT J AU Okulicz, JF Marconi, VC Landrum, ML Wegner, S Weintrob, A Ganesan, A Hale, B Crum-Cianflone, N Delmar, J Barthel, V Quinnan, G Agan, BK Dolan, MJ AF Okulicz, Jason F. Marconi, Vincent C. Landrum, Michael L. Wegner, Scott Weintrob, Amy Ganesan, Anuradha Hale, Braden Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Delmar, Judith Barthel, Vincent Quinnan, Gerald Agan, Brian K. Dolan, Matthew J. CA IDCRP HIV Working Grp TI Clinical Outcomes of Elite Controllers, Viremic Controllers, and Long-Term Nonprogressors in the US Department of Defense HIV Natural History Study SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RNA LEVELS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VIRAL LOAD; CELL COUNT; COHORT; SEROCONVERTERS; INDIVIDUALS; MECHANISMS AB Durable control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and lack of disease progression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy were studied in a military cohort of 4586 subjects. We examined groups of elite controllers (ie, subjects with plasma HIV RNA levels of <50 copies/mL; prevalence, 0.55% [95% confidence interval{CI}, 0.35%-0.80%]), viremic controllers ( ie, subjects with plasma HIV RNA levels of 50-2000 copies/mL; prevalence, 3.34% [ 95% CI, 2.83%-3.91%]), and subjects with a lack of disease progression ( ie, long-term nonprogressors [LTNPs]) through 7 years of follow-up (LTNP7s; prevalence, 3.32% [ 95% CI, 2.70%-4.01%]) or 10 years of follow-up (LTNP10s; prevalence, 2.04% [ 95% CI, 1.52%-2.68%]). For elite and viremic controllers, spontaneous virologic control was established early and was typically observed when the initial viral load measurement was obtained within 1 year of estimated seroconversion. Elite controllers had favorable time to development of AIDS (P = .048), a CD4 cell count of 350 cells/mu L (P = .009), and more-stable CD4 cell trends, compared with viremic controllers. LTNPs defined by 10-year versus 7-year criteria had a longer survival time (P = .001), even after adjustment for differing periods of invulnerability (P = .042). Definitions of controllers and LTNPs describe distinct populations whose differing clinical outcomes improve with the stringency of criteria, underscoring the need for comparability between study populations. C1 [Okulicz, Jason F.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Landrum, Michael L.; Wegner, Scott; Weintrob, Amy; Ganesan, Anuradha; Hale, Braden; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Barthel, Vincent; Quinnan, Gerald; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Okulicz, Jason F.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Landrum, Michael L.; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Hale, Braden; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Barthel, Vincent] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Jason.okulicz@amedd.army.mil RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 32 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 11 BP 1714 EP 1723 DI 10.1086/646609 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 518AP UT WOS:000271662100014 PM 19852669 ER PT J AU Lessa, FC Gould, PL Pascoe, N Erdman, DD Lu, XY Bunning, ML Marconi, VC Lott, L Widdowson, MA Anderson, LJ Srinivasan, A AF Lessa, Fernanda C. Gould, Philip L. Pascoe, Neil Erdman, Dean D. Lu, Xiaoyan Bunning, Michel L. Marconi, Vincent C. Lott, Lisa Widdowson, Marc-Alain Anderson, Larry J. Srinivasan, Arjun TI Health Care Transmission of a Newly Emergent Adenovirus Serotype in Health Care Personnel at a Military Hospital in Texas, 2007 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME TYPE; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; FACILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PNEUMONIA; TRAINEES; VACCINES AB Background. Adenoviruses can cause outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness in military trainees, but until 2007, adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) was never associated with such outbreaks. From April through June 2007, 15 trainees at one base were hospitalized for pneumonia due to Ad14. Subsequent reports of febrile respiratory illness among health care personnel suggested nosocomial transmission. Methods. Health care personnel participants completed a questionnaire and provided blood and nasal wash specimens for Ad14 diagnostic testing. We defined a confirmed case of Ad14 infection as one with titers >= 1:80 or nasal wash specimens positive for Ad14 by polymerase chain reaction, whereas a possible case was defined by titers of 1: 20 or 1:40. We also collected environmental samples. Results. Among 218 tested health care personnel, 35 (16%) had titers >= 1:20; of these, 7 had possible cases and 28 had confirmed cases of infection. Confirmed case patients were more likely to report febrile respiratory illness (57% vs 11%; P < .001) and to have had direct contact with patients with Ad14 infection (82% vs 62%; P = .001). Of the 23 confirmed case patients with direct contact with Ad14-infected patients, 52% reported that patients were not in contact and droplet precautions at the time of exposure. Ad14 was recovered from several hospital surfaces. Conclusion. Our findings of possible nosocomial transmission of Ad14 highlight the need to reinforce infection control guidelines. C1 [Lessa, Fernanda C.; Srinivasan, Arjun] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lessa, Fernanda C.; Gould, Philip L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gould, Philip L.; Erdman, Dean D.; Lu, Xiaoyan; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Anderson, Larry J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pascoe, Neil] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Bunning, Michel L.] USAF, Air Force Med Operat Agcy, Kelly AFB, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Lott, Lisa] Off Surg Gen, Modernizat Directorate, Adv Diagnost Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lessa, FC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM flessa@cdc.gov RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 FU Office of Workforce and Career Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Financial support: This investigation was supported by the Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1765 DI 10.1086/647987 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 518AP UT WOS:000271662100020 PM 19842979 ER PT J AU Villa, C Hayduk, M Donkor, E AF Villa, Carlos Hayduk, Michael Donkor, Eric TI Terahertz Optical Frequency Comb Generation by Spectral Filtering of Broadband Spontaneous Amplified Emissions From a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optical frequency comb; semiconductor optical amplifier; Solc-Sagnac interferometer AB In this paper, we describe a fiber-optics-based system for the generation of optical frequency comb using amplified spontaneous emissions from a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as signal source. The continuous-wave (CW) spectrum from the SOA ranges from 1480 nm to 1680 nm. A Solc-Sagnac birefringent interferometer filters the CW into a comb of discrete spectral lines with line spacing of 600 GHz, producing comb signals than span 182-230 THz. C1 [Villa, Carlos; Donkor, Eric] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hayduk, Michael] AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Villa, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM cvilla@uabc.mx; michael.hayduk@rl.af.mil; donkor@engr.uconn.edu FU AFSOR [F074-028-0210] FX Manuscript received March 20, 2009; revised May 29, 2009 and May 29, 2009. Current version published October 16, 2009. This work was supported in part by AFSOR under Contract F074-028-0210. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 23 BP 5437 EP 5441 DI 10.1109/JLT.2009.2026722 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 508PZ UT WOS:000270946600004 ER PT J AU Snider, CL Dick, EJ McGlasson, DL Robbins, MC Sholund, RL Bommineni, YR Hubbard, GB AF Snider, C. L. Dick, E. J., Jr. McGlasson, D. L. Robbins, M. C. Sholund, R. L. Bommineni, Y. R. Hubbard, G. B. TI Evaluation of four hematology and a chemistry portable benchtop analyzers using non-human primate blood SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical pathology; correlation; laboratory; medical technology; point-of-care testing ID CLINICAL ANALYZER AB Background Near patient testing (NPT) and point-of-care testing (POCT) using portable benchtop analyzers has become necessary in many areas of the medical community, including biocontainment. Methods We evaluated the Beckman AcT diff, Abaxis Vetscan HMII (two instruments), Abbott Cell-Dyn 1800, and Abaxis Vetscan VS2 for within-run precision and correlation to central laboratory instruments using non-human primates blood. Results Compared with the central laboratory instruments, the Beckman AcT diff correlated on 80%; the HMII instruments on 31% and 44%, the CD1800 on 31%, and the VS2 on 71% of assays. For assays with published manufacturers precision guidelines, the AcT diff met all nine, the HMII instruments met one and six of six, and the CD 1800 met one of six. Conclusions Laboratories using NPT/POCT must test their individual instruments for precision and correlation, identify assays that are reliable, and exclude or develop supplemental procedures for assays that are not. C1 [Snider, C. L.; Dick, E. J., Jr.; Robbins, M. C.; Sholund, R. L.; Bommineni, Y. R.; Hubbard, G. B.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. [McGlasson, D. L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Div 59, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Dick, EJ (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM edick@sfbr.org FU National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (NIH/NCRR) [P51 RR013986, C06 RR016228] FX The authors acknowledge the assistance Ms Stacey Perez and the biocontainment facility veterinary technical staff for assisting with the testing procedures and of Ms Pricilla Williams and Dr. Mark Sharp for statistical support. All authored materials constitute the personal statements of David L. McGlasson and are not intended to constitute an endorsement by the US Air Force or any other Federal Government entity. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (NIH/NCRR) Grant P51 RR013986 to the Southwest National Primate Research Center. NHP were housed in facilities constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grant C06 RR016228 from the NIH/NCRR. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00385.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 515KH UT WOS:000271468100002 PM 19793178 ER PT J AU Campbell, CM Deas, DE AF Campbell, Casey M. Deas, David E. TI Re: Removal of an Amalgam Tattoo Using a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Laser Deepithelialization. Campbell CM, Deas DE (J Periodontol 2009;80:860-864) Response SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Campbell, Casey M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Deas, David E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Campbell, CM (reprint author), USAF Acad, 10th Dent Squadron, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1910 EP 1910 DI 10.1902/jop.2009.090451 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 534EL UT WOS:000272878900002 ER PT J AU Walker, TB Zupan, MF McGregor, JN Cantwell, AR Norris, TD AF Walker, Thomas B. Zupan, Michael F. McGregor, Julia N. Cantwell, Andrew R. Norris, Torrance D. TI IS PERFORMANCE OF INTERMITTENT INTENSE EXERCISE ENHANCED BY USE OF A COMMERCIAL PALM COOLING DEVICE? SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermal stress; running performance; mechanical cooling ID REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE METABOLISM; HEAT; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; HYPERTHERMIA; STRESS; HANDS; WATER AB Walker, TB, Zupan, MF, McGregor, JN, Cantwell, AR, and Norris, TD. Performance of intermittent intense exercise enhanced by use of a commercial palm cooling device? J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2666-2672, 2009-The purpose of this study was to determine if using the CoreControl Rapid Thermal Exchange (RTX), a commercial palm cooling device, during active rest periods of multiple set training is an effective means to increase performance. Ten volunteers (5 men, 5 women) completed a (V) over dotO(2)max test on a motorized treadmill and 3 interval running tests on a human powered treadmill. This treadmill allowed the subjects to quickly reach their running speed while allowing for measurement of distance, speed, and force. During the interval running tests the subjects completed eight 30-second intervals at a hard/fast pace followed by a 90-second walking or light jogging recovery period. During the recovery period, the subjects placed their left hand on 1 of 3 media: the RTX held at 15 degrees C (R), a 15 degrees C standard refrigerant gel pack (P), or nothing at all (C). Although there were differences in core temperature (T(c)), subjective heat stress ratings, distance, and power generated between intervals, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) found between treatments for any of these variables, nor was the interaction effect of interval*treatment found to be significant. Mean distance completed per trial was 717.1 m +/- 124.4 m (R), 724.8 m +/- 130.3 m (P), and 728.6 m +/- 110.6 m (C). Change in T(c) from baseline to end-test averaged 1.41 degrees C +/- 0.37 degrees C (R), 1.41 degrees C +/- 0.39 degrees C (P), and 1.41 degrees C +/- 0.59 degrees C (C). There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in T(c), heart rate (HR), or (V) over dotO(2) between intervals or treatments. We conclude that the RTX, in its current iteration, is ineffective at improving performance and/or mitigating thermal stress during high-intensity intermittent exercise. C1 [Walker, Thomas B.; Zupan, Michael F.; McGregor, Julia N.; Cantwell, Andrew R.; Norris, Torrance D.] AF Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Walker, TB (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM Thomas.walker@brooks.af.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency FX The authors are grateful to Mr. Joseph Fischer for his assistance with statistical analyses. This study was partially funded by a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors or the NSCA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2666 EP 2672 DI 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b1f6a7 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 531RM UT WOS:000272685600034 PM 19910808 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, Douglas S. Simpson, Brian D. TI Effects of bandwidth on auditory localization with a noise masker SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise; acoustic signal processing; hearing ID SOUND LOCALIZATION; PLANE AB Although high-frequency content is known to be critically important for the accurate location of isolated sounds, relatively little is known about the importance of high-frequency spectral content for the localization of sounds in the presence of a masker. In this experiment, listeners were asked to identify the location of a pulsed-noise target in the presence of a randomly located continuous noise masker. Both the target and masker were low-pass filtered at one of eight cutoff frequencies ranging from 1 to 16 kHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio was varied from -12 to +12 dB. The results confirm the importance of high frequencies for the localization of isolated sounds, and show that high-frequency content remains critical in cases where the target sound is masked by a spatially separated masker. In fact, when two sources of the same level are randomly located in space, these results show that a decrease in stimulus bandwidth from 16 to 12 kHz might result in a 30% increase in overall localization error. C1 [Brungart, Douglas S.; Simpson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM douglas.brungart@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 126 IS 6 BP 3199 EP 3208 DI 10.1121/1.3243309 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 533QH UT WOS:000272838800044 PM 20000933 ER PT J AU Sukeshini, MA Cummins, R Reitz, TL Miller, RM AF Sukeshini, Mary. A. Cummins, Ryan Reitz, Thomas L. Miller, Ryan M. TI Ink-Jet Printing: A Versatile Method for Multilayer Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabrication SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; AIR CATHODES; ELECTROLYTES; DEPOSITION; TECHNOLOGY; ARRAYS AB The potential of ink-jet printing for fabrication of components for solid oxide fuel cells has been explored. An anode interlayer, consisting of a composite of NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and an electrolyte layer, YSZ (8 mol%), were ink-jet printed on a tape cast anode support, 55 wt% NiO-45 wt% YSZ (8 mol%). Scanning electron microscopy of the printed layers sintered at 1400 degrees C revealed a dense electrolyte layer measuring 10-12 mu m in thickness. Single cells using these printed layers and strontium-doped lanthanum manganate (LSM, La(0.8)Sr(0.2)MnO(3))-based pasted cathodes were assessed by DC polarization and AC complex impedance methods. The cells exhibited a stable open circuit voltage of 1.1 V around 800 degrees C, in a hydrogen atmosphere. A maximum power density of 500 m center dot(W center dot cm)-2 was achieved at 850 degrees C for a typical cell with the electrolyte and anode interlayer cosintered at 1400 degrees C. A composite cathode interlayer, LSM-YSZ, and a cathode current collection layer, LSM, were also ink-jet printed and incorporated in single cells. However, cells with all components ink-jet printed showed decreased performance. This pointed to critical issues in the composite cathode microstructure, which is controlled by the composite ink design/formulation and printing parameters that need to be addressed. C1 [Sukeshini, Mary. A.; Cummins, Ryan] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Reitz, Thomas L.; Miller, Ryan M.] Prop Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sukeshini, MA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM mary.ayyadurai.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 2913 EP 2919 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03349.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 524FO UT WOS:000272129400014 ER PT J AU Breidenbaugh, MS Haagsma, KA Wojcik, GM de Szalay, FA AF Breidenbaugh, Mark S. Haagsma, Karl A. Wojcik, George M. de Szalay, Ferenc A. TI EFFICACY OF AERIAL SPRAY APPLICATIONS USING FUSELAGE BOOMS ON AIR FORCE C-130H AIRCRAFT AGAINST MOSQUITOES AND BITING MIDGES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE adulticiding; Culicoides; mosquito control; droplet spectra ID INSECTICIDE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB The effectiveness of a novel fuselage boom configuration was tested with flat-fan nozzles on US Air Force C-130H aircraft to create ultra-low volume sprays to control mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). The mortality of mosquitoes and biting midges in bioassay cages and natural populations, using the organophosphate adulticide, naled, was measured. Mosquitoes in bioassay cages had 100% mortality at 639 in downwind in all single-pass spray trials, and most trials had >90% mortality up to 1,491 in downwind. Mosquito mortality was negatively correlated with distance from the spray release point (r(2) = 0.38, P < 0.001). The volume median diam of droplets collected was 44 pin at 213 in and decreased to I I pin at 2,130 in downwind of the release point. Droplet density decreased from in average of 18.4 drops/cm(2) at 213 in to 2 drops/cm(2) at 2,130 m. Droplet densities of 10-18 droplets/cm(2) were recorded at sampling stations with high mosquito mortality rates (>90%). In wide-area operational applications, numbers of mosquitoes from natural populations 1 wk postspray were 83% (range 55%-95%), lower than prespray numbers (P < 0.05). Biting midge numbers were reduced by 86% (range 53%-97%) on average (P = 0.051) after 7 days, The results of these field trials indicate that the fuselage boom configuration on C-130H aircraft are an effective method to conduct large-scale aerial sprays during military operations and public health emergencies. C1 [Breidenbaugh, Mark S.; Haagsma, Karl A.] USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. [Wojcik, George M.] Portsmouth Publ Works Mosquito Control, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA. [Breidenbaugh, Mark S.; de Szalay, Ferenc A.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Breidenbaugh, MS (reprint author), USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.2987/08-5892.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536FM UT WOS:000273029300010 PM 20099594 ER PT J AU Moore, EA Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Ryu, MY AF Moore, E. A. Yeo, Y. K. Hengehold, R. L. Ryu, Mee-Yi TI Activation Studies of Si-Implanted Al0.45Ga0.55N by Using Cathodoluminescence and Temperature-Dependent Hall-Effect Measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; Implantation; Activation; Annealing; Cathodoluminescence (CL); Hall-effect measurement ID NONALLOYED OHMIC CONTACTS; ION-IMPLANTATION; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; GAN; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEM AB Both optical and electrical activation studies of Si-implanted Al(0.45)ca(0.55)N for n-type conductivity have been made as a function of the ion dose and the anneal temperature by using cathodoluminescence (CL) and temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were subsequently annealed from 1150 to 1350 degrees C for 20 min in a nitrogen environment. The CL intensity of the near band emission increased as the annealing temperature was increased, showing a successive implantation damage recovery. These CL results coincide well with the results of the annealing temperature-dependent electrical activation study. The carrier concentration (activation efficiency) and the Hall mobility also increase with increasing annealing temperature. C1 [Moore, E. A.; Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Moore, EA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2008-314-D00249] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Silversmith of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. This work was supported in part by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-314-D00249). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2465 EP 2469 DI 10.3938/jkps.55.2465 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 534EC UT WOS:000272877700033 ER PT J AU Allibhai, T DiGeronimo, R Whitin, J Salazar, J Yu, TTS Ling, XB Cohen, H Dixon, P Madan, A AF Allibhai, Taslim DiGeronimo, Robert Whitin, John Salazar, Jorge Yu, Tom To-Sang Ling, Xuefeng Bruce Cohen, Harvey Dixon, Patricia Madan, Ashima TI Effects of moderate versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion on cerebrospinal fluid proteomic profiles in a piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; BRAIN PROTECTION; NEURONAL INJURY; DISCOVERY; MICROARRAYS; BIOMARKERS; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; SURGERY AB Objective: Our objective was to compare protein profiles of cerebrospinal fluid between control animals and those subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass after moderate versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective cerebral perfusion. Methods: Immature Yorkshire piglets were assigned to one of four study groups: (1) deep hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 degrees C, (2) deep hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 degrees C with selective cerebral perfusion, (3) moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest at 25 degrees C with selective cerebral perfusion, or (4) age-matched control animals without surgery. Animals undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were cooled to their assigned group temperature and exposed to 1 hour of hypothermic circulatory arrest. After arrest, animals were rewarmed, weaned off bypass, and allowed to recover for 4 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid collected from surgical animals after the recovery period was compared with cerebrospinal fluid from controls by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Protein spectra were analyzed for differences between groups by Mann-Whitney U test and false discovery rate analysis. Results: Baseline and postbypass physiologic parameters were similar in all surgical groups. A total of 194 protein peaks were detected. Compared with controls, groups 1, 2, and 3 had 64, 100, and 13 peaks that were significantly different, respectively (P < .05). Three of these peaks were present in all three groups. Cerebrospinal fluid protein profiles in animals undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (group 3) were more similar to controls than either of the groups subjected to deep hypothermia. Conclusions: The mass spectra of cerebrospinal fluid proteins are altered in piglets exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest. Moderate hypothermic circulatory arresst (25 degrees C) with selective cerebral perfusion compared with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (18 degrees C) is associated with fewer changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins, when compared with nonbypass controls. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;138:1290-6) C1 [Allibhai, Taslim; DiGeronimo, Robert; Dixon, Patricia] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Whitin, John; Yu, Tom To-Sang; Ling, Xuefeng Bruce; Cohen, Harvey; Madan, Ashima] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Salazar, Jorge] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Allibhai, T (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM taslim@gmail.com NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1290 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.06.001 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 522WC UT WOS:000272029800004 PM 19660276 ER PT J AU Chhatre, SS Tuteja, A Choi, W Revaux, A Smith, D Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Chhatre, Shreerang S. Tuteja, Anish Choi, Wonjae Revaux, Amelie Smith, Derek Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Thermal Annealing Treatment to Achieve Switchable and Reversible Oleophobicity on Fabrics SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPER-WATER-REPELLENT; SURFACE FREE-ENERGY; COTTON TEXTILES; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; DESIGN; SUPERHYDROPHILICITY; ROUGHNESS; FILMS; TRANSITION AB Surfaces that are strongly nonwetting to oil and other low surface tension liquids can be realized by trapping microscopic pockets of air within the asperities of a re-entrant texture and generating a solid-liquid-vapor composite interface. For low surface tension liquids such as hexadecane (gamma(1v) = 27.5 mN/m), this composite interface is metastable as a result of the low value of the equilibrium contact angle. Consequently, pressure perturbations can result in all irreversible transition of the metastable composite interface to the fully wetted interface. In this work, we use a simple dip-coating and thermal annealing procedure to tune the liquid wettability of commercially available polyester fabrics. A mixture of 10% 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (fluorodecyl POSS) and 90% polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) is used to uniformly coat the fabric surface topography. Contact angle measurements show that a robust metastable composite interface with high apparent contact angles can be supported for hexadecane (gamma(1v) = 27.5 mN/m) and dodecane (gamma(1v) = 25.3 mN/m). To tune the solid surface energy of the coated surface, we also developed a reversible treatment using thermal annealing of the surface in contact with either dry air or water. The tunability of the solid Surface energy along with the inherent re-entrant texture of the polyester fabric result in reversibly switchable oleophobicity between a highly nonwetting state and a fully wetted state for low surface tension liquids such as hexadecane and dodecane. This tunability can be explained within a design parameter framework, which provides a quantitative criterion for the transition between the two states, as well as accurate predictions of the measured values of the apparent contact angle (theta*) for the dip-coated polyester fabrics. C1 [Choi, Wonjae; McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chhatre, Shreerang S.; Tuteja, Anish; Revaux, Amelie; Smith, Derek; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] AF Res lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gareth@mit.edu; recohen@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011; revaux, amelie/C-8714-2012 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779; FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W91 INF-07-130004]; Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA9300-06M-TO15]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0272, LRIR-92PLOCOR] FX This research was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) through Contract No. W91 INF-07-130004, the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) under Contract No. FA9300-06M-TO15, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Contract Nos. FA9550-07-1-0272 and LRIR-92PLOCOR. We would like to thank Prof. Michael Rubner and the Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) at MIT for the use of various experimental facilities. Also, we would like to thank Elizabeth Shaw at the Center for Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE) at MIT for her help with the XPS and AFM, and Mr. Jonathan DeRocher for his help during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 23 BP 13625 EP 13632 DI 10.1021/la901997s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 521TR UT WOS:000271947700055 PM 19928947 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Nag, S Singh, ARP Srinivasan, R Tiley, J Viswanathan, GB Fraser, HL Banerjee, R AF Hwang, J. Y. Nag, S. Singh, A. R. P. Srinivasan, R. Tiley, J. Viswanathan, G. B. Fraser, H. L. Banerjee, R. TI Compositional Variations between Different Generations of gamma ' Precipitates Forming during continuous cooling of a Commercial Nickel-Base Superalloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; AL-CR ALLOY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB The compositional and microstructural evolution of different generations of precipitates of the ordered gamma' phase during the continuous cooling, followed by isothermal aging, of a commercial nickel-base superalloy, Rene 88DT, has been characterized by three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) tomography coupled with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) Studies. After solutionizing in the single gamma-phase field, during continuous cooling at a relatively slow rate (-24 degrees C/min), the first-generation primary gamma' precipitates, Forming at relatively higher temperatures, exhibit near-equilibrium compositions, while the smaller-scale secondary gamma' precipitates, forming at lower temperatures, exhibit nonequilibrium compositions often containing an excess of Co and Cr while being depleted in Al and Ti content. The compositions of the gamma matrix near these precipitates also exhibit similar trends, with the composition being closer to equilibrium near the primary precipitates as compared to the secondary precipitates. Subsequent isothermal aging at 760 degrees C leads to coarsening of the primary gamma' precipitates without affecting their composition significantly. In contrast, the composition of the secondary gamma' precipitates is driven toward equilibrium during the isothermal aging process. C1 [Hwang, J. Y.; Nag, S.; Singh, A. R. P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, CART, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Hwang, J. Y.; Nag, S.; Singh, A. R. P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, CAMM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hwang, JY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, CART, Denton, TX 76207 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR) [FA9550-06-1-0193] FX The authors acknowledge the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES contract, Contract No. FA8650-08-C-5226) and the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0193) for providing financial Support for this study. In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the CART at the University of North Texas (Denton, TX) and the CAMM at The Ohio State University (Columbus, OH) for access to the experimental facilities used for this Study. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40A IS 13 BP 3059 EP 3068 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0075-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 520TA UT WOS:000271869900005 ER PT J AU McCrary, BF AF McCrary, Brian F. TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, MC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCrary, BF (reprint author), USAF, MC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP XII EP XIII PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LM UT WOS:000278061000012 PM 20058370 ER PT J AU Brosch, L Tchandja, J Marconi, V Rasnake, M Prakash, V McKnight, T Bunning, M AF Brosch, Lorie Tchandja, Juste Marconi, Vincent Rasnake, Mark Prakash, Vidhya McKnight, Thomas Bunning, Michel TI Adenovirus Serotype 14 Pneumonia at a Basic Military Training Site in the United States, Spring 2007: A Case Series SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; LARGE EPIDEMIC; YOUNG-ADULTS; RECRUITS; DISEASE; INFECTION; TRAINEES; OUTBREAK; HEALTHY; TYPE-7 AB Adenovirus, a frequent cause of mild respiratory disease in military trainees, can result in severe manifestations when outbreaks are caused by novel viral strains for which there is little pre-existing immunity. Twenty-five basic military trainees (BMTs) were hospitalized with adenovirus pneumonia from April 1, 2007 through June 21, 2007. Clinical findings for 9 of these patients with PCR-confirmed adenovirus serotype 14 were studied retrospectively. The clinical picture was characterized by cough (88.9%) and sputum production (77.8%). All trainees were febrile. Laboratory results showed 88.9% had normal white blood cell (WBC) counts, 66.7% with high monocytes, and 55.6% with low lymphocytes on differential. All had lobar pneumonia radiographically. One patient required the intensive care unit (ICU) and later expired. In conclusion, among hospitalized patients with the combination of fever, productive cough, normal WBC, a differential showing high monocytes and low lymphocytes in an immunocompetent young adult with lobar pneumonia warrants a high level of suspicion for adenovirus 14 pneumonia. C1 [Marconi, Vincent; Rasnake, Mark; Prakash, Vidhya] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brosch, L (reprint author), 37th Aerosp Med Squadron,1515 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014 OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689 FU Naval Health Research Center; Armed Forces Institute of Operational Health; Texas State Department of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Brian Johnson, medical student from Emory University, Margaret Venuto, Lt Col Cogburn. and Lt Col Blakeslee for their help in gathering data about the cases; Dr. Stephen Derdek and Dr. Heather Yun for their clinical input on the inpatient cases. We also thank the Naval Health Research Center, the Armed Forces Institute of Operational Health, the Texas State Department of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff for their support of the study. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP 1295 EP 1299 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LM UT WOS:000278061000027 PM 20055071 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Abeysinghe, DC Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Chen, Weibin Abeysinghe, Don C. Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Plasmonic Lens Made of Multiple Concentric Metallic Rings under Radially Polarized Illumination SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-VECTOR BEAMS; EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM; NEAR-FIELD; GENERATION; SUPERLENS; OPTICS; LIGHT AB Optimal plasmonic focusing can be achieved through matching the rotational symmetry of the plasmonic lens to the polarization symmetry of a radially polarized illumination. In this letter, we report the experimental confirmation of the focusing properties and field enhancement effect of plasmonic lens made of multiple concentric annular rings using a collection mode near field scanning optical microscope, Surface plasmons excited at all azimuthal directions propagate toward the geometric center and constructively interfere at the focus to create a strongly enhanced evanescent optical "needle" field that is substantially polarized vertically to the plasmonic lens surface. The field enhancement factor can be improved through adding more rings while maintaining the plasmonic focal spot size. Strategy for optimizing the field enhancement factor is studied with both analytical and numerical methods. C1 [Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 NR 22 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 12 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 9 IS 12 BP 4320 EP 4325 DI 10.1021/nl903145p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 527VC UT WOS:000272395400062 PM 19877687 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Holmes, W Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Holmes, W. Knize, R. J. TI Blue laser light generation by intracavity frequency doubling of Cesium vapor laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alkali lasers; Second harmonic generation AB Blue laser light with a wavelength 447 nm was generated by intracavity frequency doubling of a Cs laser in PPKTP crystal. A continuous wave power of 600 mW was obtained at an optical-to-optical efficiency of 4%. In the pulsed operation, when thermal effects were reduced, the efficiency obtained was 14% and the peak blue power was 2.1 W. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Holmes, W.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Laser joint Technology Office (JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported by the High Energy Laser joint Technology Office (JTO), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL), and National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 282 IS 23 BP 4585 EP 4586 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2009.08.032 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 518KU UT WOS:000271691300023 ER PT J AU Podberesky, DJ Unsell, BJ Anton, CG AF Podberesky, Daniel J. Unsell, Bryan J. Anton, Christopher G. TI Imaging of American football injuries in children SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Football; Sports injuries; Pediatric ID CERVICAL-SPINE INJURIES; SPORTS-RELATED INJURY; HIGH-SCHOOL SPORTS; COLLEGE FOOTBALL; RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES; INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; PLAYERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONCUSSION AB It is estimated that 3.2 million children ages 6 to 14 years participated in organized youth football in the United States in 2007. Approximately 240,000 children play football in the nation's largest youth football organization, with tackle divisions starting at age 5 years. The number of children playing unsupervised football is much higher, and the overall number of children participating in American football is increasing. Sports are the leading cause of injury-related emergency room visits for teenagers, and football is a leading precipitating athletic activity for these visits. Football is also the most hazardous organized sports in the United States. Though most pediatric football-related injuries are minor, such as abrasions, sprains, and strains of the extremities, football accounts for more major and catastrophic injuries than any other sport. Given football's popularity with children in the United States, combined with the high rate of injury associated with participation in this activity, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features and injury patterns seen in this patient population. C1 [Podberesky, Daniel J.; Anton, Christopher G.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Unsell, Bryan J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Podberesky, DJ (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave,MLC 5031, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM daniel.podberesky@cchmc.org NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1264 EP 1274 DI 10.1007/s00247-009-1359-6 PG 11 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 519AA UT WOS:000271736200002 PM 19774374 ER PT J AU Karrels, DR Peterson, GL Mullins, BE AF Karrels, Daniel R. Peterson, Gilbert L. Mullins, Barry E. TI Structured P2P technologies for distributed command and control SO PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multi-agent system; Distributed system; Peer to peer; Large-scale; Command and control ID SYSTEMS; DHT; ROBOTICS; TAXONOMY; SERVICE; NETWORK; CHURN AB The utility of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems extends far beyond traditional file sharing. This paper provides an overview of how P2P systems are capable of providing robust command and control for Distributed Multi-Agent Systems (DMASs). Specifically, this article presents the evolution of P2P architectures to date by discussing supporting technologies and applicability of each generation of P2P systems. It provides a detailed survey of fundamental design approaches found in modern large-scale P2P systems highlighting design considerations for building and deploying scalable P2P applications. The survey includes unstructured P2P systems, content retrieval systems, communications structured P2P systems, flat structured P2P systems and finally Hierarchical Peer-to-Peer (HP2P) overlays. It concludes with a presentation of design tradeoffs and opportunities for future research into P2P overlay systems. C1 [Karrels, Daniel R.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM daniel.karrels@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect any official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This research is funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-6442 EI 1936-6450 J9 PEER PEER NETW APPL JI Peer Peer Netw. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 311 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s12083-009-0033-y PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 678PQ UT WOS:000284092500004 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Baca, FJ Varanasi, CV Wheeler, R Meisenkothen, F Sathiraju, S AF Barnes, P. N. Haugan, T. J. Baca, F. J. Varanasi, C. V. Wheeler, R. Meisenkothen, F. Sathiraju, S. TI Inducing self-assembly of Y2BaCuO5 nanoparticles via Ca-doping for improved pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO; Pinning; High temperature superconductor; Critical currents; Self-assembly ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; DENSITY; FILMS; WIRE; ENHANCEMENT AB Different mechanisms may exists as a means to provide additional or specialized enhancement of existing nanoparticulate pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin films. in the particular case of Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) nanoparticles, Ca-doping of these nanoparticles via addition to the Y211 target material provides an additional increase to the J(c)(H). YBCO + Y211 samples were created by pulsed laser deposition with alternating targets of YBCO with Y211 and Y211 doped with Ca. Initial indications suggest that this improvement in pinning results from some scattered short-ranged self-assembly of the nanoparticles into short nanocolumns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnes, P. N.; Haugan, T. J.; Baca, F. J.; Varanasi, C. V.; Sathiraju, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baca, F. J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, R.; Meisenkothen, F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 469 IS 23-24 BP 2029 EP 2032 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2009.08.010 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 533KZ UT WOS:000272823900004 ER PT J AU Baker, PM Stickney, JA Squires, MB Scoville, JA Carlson, EJ Buchwald, WR Miller, SM AF Baker, Paul M. Stickney, James A. Squires, Matthew B. Scoville, James A. Carlson, Evan J. Buchwald, Walter R. Miller, Steven M. TI Adjustable microchip ring trap for cold atoms and molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; INTERFEROMETER; GYROSCOPE AB We describe the design and function of a circular magnetic waveguide produced from wires on a microchip for atom interferometry using de Broglie waves. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. The design consists of seven circular wires sharing a common radius. We describe the design, the time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to form a circular waveguide with adjustable height and gradient while minimizing perturbation resulting from leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold atoms, molecules and Bose-condensed systems. C1 [Baker, Paul M.; Squires, Matthew B.; Scoville, James A.; Carlson, Evan J.; Buchwald, Walter R.; Miller, Steven M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Baker, Paul M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Stickney, James A.] Space Dynam Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Baker, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301DS/03VS02COR]; DARPA gBECi FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Program No. 2301DS/03VS02COR and DARPA gBECi program. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 AR 063615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.063615 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 539DN UT WOS:000273233800139 ER PT J AU Pitz, GA Wertepny, DE Perram, GP AF Pitz, Greg A. Wertepny, Douglas E. Perram, Glen P. TI Pressure broadening and shift of the cesium D-1 transition by the noble gases and N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC SPECTRAL-LINES; FOREIGN GASES; 1ST DOUBLET; HELIUM; LASER AB The pressure broadening and shift rates for the cesium D-1 (6 (2)P1/2 <- 6 S-2(1/2)) transition with the noble gases and N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 were obtained for pressures less than 300 torr at temperatures under 65 C by means of laser absorption spectroscopy. The collisional broadening rate, gamma(L), for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 are 24.13, 10.85, 18.31, 17.82, 19.74, 16.64, 20.81, 20.06, 18.04, 29.00, 26.70, 18.84, and 26.00 MHz/torr, respectively. The corresponding pressure-induced shift rates, delta, are 4.24, -1.60, -6.47, -5.46, -6.43, -7.76, 1.11, 0.47, 0.00, -9.28, -8.54, -6.06, and 6.01 MHz/torr. These rates have then been utilized to calculate Lennard-Jones potential coefficients to quantify the interatomic potential surfaces. The broadening cross section has also been shown to correlate with the polarizability of the collision partner. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Wertepny, Douglas E.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX Support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office is gratefully acknowledged. We want to thank M. D. Rotondaro for his help with the rubidium potentials. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 AR 062718 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.062718 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 539DN UT WOS:000273233800094 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Demidov, VI Adams, SF Raitses, Y AF Kaganovich, I. D. Demidov, V. I. Adams, S. F. Raitses, Y. TI Non-local collisionless and collisional electron transport in low-temperature plasma SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2009 CL Natl Palace Culture, Sofia, BULGARIA SP European Phys Soc, Union Physicists, Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohrids, Fac Phys HO Natl Palace Culture ID GAS-DISCHARGE PLASMAS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; KINETICS; MODEL AB This paper reviews recent advances in non-local electron kinetics in low-pressure discharges. Non-local electron kinetics, non-local electrodynamics with collisionless electron heating and non-linear processes in the sheaths are typical for such discharges. Progress in understanding the non-local interaction of electric fields with real, bounded plasma created by the fields has been one of the major achievements of the past few decades. C1 [Kaganovich, I. D.; Raitses, Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Demidov, V. I.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Demidov, V. I.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ikaganov@pppl.gov RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 12 AR 124003 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/51/12/124003 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 521RJ UT WOS:000271940800014 ER PT J AU Klimo, P Peelle, MW AF Klimo, Paul, Jr. Peelle, Michael W. TI Use of polyetheretherketone spacer and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the cervical spine: a radiographic analysis SO SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; Bone morphogenetic protein; Polyetheretherketone; Radiographic analysis; Heterotopic bone ID LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION; DISC DISEASE; PEEK CAGES; DISKECTOMY; RHBMP-2; COMPLICATIONS; ALLOGRAFT; SUBSIDENCE; RH-BMP-2 AB BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Results recently reported in the literature have raised some concerns regarding the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) in the cervical spine. PURPOSE: We undertook a radiological and clinical review of cervical fusions performed at Our institution with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody cage and rhBMP-2. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Perioperative clinical and radiologic data of all patients who underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using PEEK and rhBMP-2 for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy or myelopathy were collected. OUTCOME MEASURES: Images were examined for fusion, heterotopic ossification, end-plate resorption, subsidence, and segmental sagittal alignment. METHODS: All patients underwent detailed postoperative radiologic analysis using a computed tomography (CT) scan obtained at least 6 months postoperatively and plain X-rays obtained at regular intervals. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients had 38 levels fused using PEEK and varying doses of rhBMP-2. No anterior cervical swelling requiring additional procedures or longer than anticipated hospital stays occurred. Pseudoarthrosis, shown as a horizontal radiolucent fissure through the midportion of the PEEK cage oil CT, occurred in four patients. Excessive bone growth into the spinal canal or foramina occurred in 26 (68%) patients but did not result in neurologic sequelae. Cystic regions in the core of the PEEK spacer were seen in most patients, with 15 levels (39%) having cysts measuring 3 mm or greater. Moderate or severe osteolysis of the end plates occurred in 57% of levels, and this led to subsidence of the construct and loss of some of the segmental sagittal alignment (ie, lordosis) that had been achieved with surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The unlimited supply of PEEK spacers and rhBMP-2 and their ease of use make them attractive platforms to achieve fusion. This Study has demonstrated that the fusion process using rhBMP-2 is a dynamic one, with osteolysis dominating the initial phase, leading to end-plate resorption and consequently loss of some of the disc space height and sagittal alignment that was achieved with surgery. There is a high incidence of bone growth beyond the core of the PEEK spacer and cystic regions within the cage. Given our experience, we currently reserve the use of PEEK and rhBMP-2 for use in those patients who are at greatest risk of pseudoarthrosis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peelle, Michael W.] 88th Med Grp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. 88th Med Grp, Dept Neurosurg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peelle, MW (reprint author), 88th Med Grp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.peelle@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1529-9430 J9 SPINE J JI Spine Journal PD DEC PY 2009 VL 9 IS 12 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.05.008 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 532HB UT WOS:000272736000001 PM 19574105 ER PT J AU Hospodar, MSJ Miller, MD AF Hospodar, Maj Steven J. Miller, Mark D. TI Controversies in ACL Reconstruction: Bone-patellar Tendon-bone Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Remains the Gold Standard SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE anterior cruciate ligament; bone-patellar tendon-bone; reconstruction; knee; interference screw; single bundle ID ALLOGRAFT; AUTOGRAFT AB Controversy exists regarding the best surgical technique and graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. No technique or graft currently recreates the complex nature of the native ligament. Reconstruction with single-bundle bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft with interference screw fixation has superior results using the following criteria, compared with the results of other reconstructive techniques. It has the least measurable laxity and the fastest graft incorporation. It has the lowest failure rate. It has no outside procurement costs and no risk of disease transmission. It is extremely reliable. Interference screw bony fixation remains the gold standard. The authors prefer this graft and technique for all patients, especially for young adult males, for patients with hyperlaxity, and for patients without antecedent anterior knee pain. Despite excellent results, problems with rotational instability persist. A more horizontal single-bundle reconstruction may decrease this instability. The senior author's (M.D.M.) surgical technique is described in this article. C1 [Hospodar, Maj Steven J.] Barksdale AFB, Shreveport, LA USA. [Miller, Mark D.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), 400 Ray C Hunt Dr,Suite 330, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mdm3p@virginia.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1062-8592 EI 1538-1951 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 521ZX UT WOS:000271967200006 PM 19910782 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Dhillon-Davis, LE Dhillon-Davis, KK AF Bryan, Craig J. Dhillon-Davis, Luther E. Dhillon-Davis, Kieran K. TI Emotional Impact of a Video-Based Suicide Prevention Program on Suicidal Viewers and Suicide Survivors SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID WARNING SIGNS; MEMORY; INTERVENTIONS; VALIDATION; BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; AROUSAL; RISK AB In light of continuing concerns about iatrogenic effects associated with suicide prevention efforts utilizing video-based media, the impact of emotionally-charged videos on two vulnerable subgroups-suicidal viewers and suicide survivors-was explored. Following participation in routine suicide education as a part of the U.S. Air Force Suicide Prevention Program's video-based community briefing, a sample of young active duty airmen demonstrated small decreases in positive emotional states and larger decreases in negative emotional states, especially among suicidal females. No evidence of iatrogenic effects were observed among suicidal or survivor subgroups when compared to controls. Results support the use of Video-based media as a safe educational strategy that might actually serve to decrease emotional distress among vulnerable subgroups. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Kelly Family Med Clin, 204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78250 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 623 EP 632 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 544HA UT WOS:000273644000006 PM 20121325 ER PT J AU Despain, M AF Despain, Max TI Jane Gilmore Rushing: A West Texas Writer and Her Work SO WESTERN AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Despain, Max] US AF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Despain, M (reprint author), US AF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV PI LOGAN PA WESTERN LIT ASSOC UMC 32, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA SN 0043-3462 J9 WESTERN AM LIT JI West. Amer. Lit. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 405IC UT WOS:000263215500016 ER PT J AU Singh, G Priya, S Hossu, MR Shah, SR Grover, S Koymen, AR Mahajan, RL AF Singh, Gurpreet Priya, Shashank Hossu, Maria R. Shah, Sandeep R. Grover, Sachit Koymen, Ali R. Mahajan, Roop L. TI Synthesis, electrical and magnetic characterization of core-shell silicon carbo-nitride coated carbon nanotubes SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SiCN; Carbon nanotubes; Focused ion beam; Magnetization; Nanomanipulation ID POLYMER; COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT; NANOWIRES; CERAMICS AB We demonstrate synthesis, electrical and magnetic characterization of silicon carbo-nitride (SiCN) coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a core-shell structure. The core formed by a carbon nanotube had a diameter in the range of 10-100 nm. The shell was synthesized by pyrolysis of an SiCN precursor on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Electrical resistivity of an individual composite nanotube was measured to be similar to 2.55 x 10(3) Omega cm. The magnetic measurements performed by a superconducting quantum interference device on the composite nanotubes in the temperature range of 5-300 K show a reduced coercive field with increasing temperatures. The monolayer thick coating of an ultra high temperature multifunctional ceramic SiCN makes these composite nanotubes very promising for sensing applications in harsh environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Gurpreet; Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Priya, Shashank] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, CEHMS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hossu, Maria R.; Koymen, Ali R.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Shah, Sandeep R.] USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, CAStLE, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Grover, Sachit] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gurpreet@vt.EDU; spriya@vt.EDU RI Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012; Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013 FU Welch [Y-1215] FX G Singh would like to thank Mr. John McIntosh for FIB training. Thanks are due to Professor William T Reynolds Jr. for an NCFL mini-grant to G Singh. The author S.P would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Office of Naval Research (ONR) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Authors would also like to thank Kion Specialty Polymers (TM) for providing the free Ceraset (TM) sample. The authors M. R. Hossu and A. R. Koymen would like to acknowledge the support from Welch Grant Y-1215. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 63 IS 28 BP 2435 EP 2438 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.025 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000271370600012 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, B. Brown, G. J. TI Room temperature photoluminescence of amorphous GaAs SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous GaAs; Room temperature photoluminescence; Pulsed-laser deposition; Thin-film absorption ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM GAAS; ABSORPTION-EDGE; DOPED GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; EMISSION; GLASS AB We report what is believed to be the first observation of room temperature photo luminescence of amorphous GaAs. By means of low-temperature pulsed-laser deposition amorphous GaAs thin films were deposited on glass and Si substrates. Almost identical room temperature emission spectra with a peak centered at 1.368 eV have been observed for both samples. The results stress the capability of laser deposition to form hetero-paired optical device structures for room temperature operations of substrate morphologies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ullrich, B.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Mat, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bruno@kottan-labs.bgsu.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). FX The work was financially supported by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 63 IS 28 BP 2489 EP 2491 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.047 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000271370600028 ER PT J AU Abeysinghe, DC Chen, WB Zhan, QW Nelson, RE AF Abeysinghe, Don C. Chen, Weibin Zhan, Qiwen Nelson, Robert E. TI Polymer underlayer assisted dewetting of a top metal nanofilm SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; AU NANOPARTICLES; SUBSTRATE; FILMS; OXIDE; THIN AB We demonstrated polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA) polymer underlayer assisted, focused-ion-beam (FIB)-induced dewetting of a top Au nanofilm where we found that the underlayer played a prominent and, in some cases, a useful role in the dewetting of the top layer. For an Au nanofilm deposited on a thick uniform PMMA underlayer, where the underlayer is stable and therefore does not dewet, irregularly spaced Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were formed as expected by raster-scanning of a focused Ga-ion beam. On the other hand, topographically pre-patterned thin PMMA film provided heterogeneous nucleation sites for both the Au top layer and the PMMA underlayer to initiate dewetting at and guidance for forming regularly spaced AuNPs with much narrower size distribution at significantly lower ion dose levels when compared to the thick, uniform underlayer case. We also found that the underlayer assisted dewetting in this case relaxes the restriction on pre-pattern periodicity to obtain a single NP per pattern period, which is a noteworthy departure from the pre-patterned solid substrate case. FIB-induced AuNP areas can have sharp boundaries and can be positioned on a selected area of a substrate with high positional accuracy, which is important for the implementation of devices in sensing, nano-optics/photonics, and optoelectronic applications. C1 [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Nelson, Robert E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Abeysinghe, DC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM don.abeysinghe@wpafb.af.mil RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 FU US Air Force Research Laboratory Office of Scientific Research (US AFRL/AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXPSO) FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory Office of Scientific Research (US AFRL/AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXPSO). Authors appreciate numerous FIB related technical support provided by Scott Apt and Robert Wheeler of the Materials Characterization Facility (MCF) of the AFRL at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, OH. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 47 AR 475301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/47/475301 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 512RS UT WOS:000271268600005 PM 19858557 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Kelley, J George, J Drummy, L Mirau, P Bell, NS Hsu, JWP Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar Kelley, John George, Justin Drummy, Lawrence Mirau, Peter Bell, Nelson S. Hsu, Julia W. P. Vaia, Richard A. TI ZnO Nanorod-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Morphology and Shape Memory Performance SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; ZINC-OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; DEFORMATION; ELASTOMERS; PARTICLES; COPOLYMER AB The impact of dispersed alkylthiol-modified ZnO nanorods, as a function of rod aspect ratio and concentration, on the shape memory character of a thermoplastic polyurethane with low hard-segment density (LHS-TPU) is examined relative to the enhanced performance occurring for carbon nanofiber (CNF) dispersion. Solution blending resulted in uniform dispersion within the LHS-TPU of the ZnO nanorods at low volume (weight) fractions (< 2.9% v/v (17.75% w/w)). Tensile modulus enhancements were modest though, comparable to values observed for spherical nanofillers. Shape memory characteristics, which in this LHS-TPU result when strain-induced crystallites retard the entropic recovery of the deformed chains, were unchanged for these low volume fraction ZnO nanocomposites. Higher ZnO loadings (12% v/v (50% w/w)) exhibited clustering of ZnO nanorods into a mesh-like structure. Here, tensile modulus and shape recovery characteristics were improved, although not as great as seen for comparable CNF addition. Wide angle X-ray diffraction and NMR revealed that the addition of ZnO nanorods did not impact the inherent strain induced crystallization of the LHS-TPU, which is in contrast to the impact of CNFs and emphasizes the impact of interactions at the polymer-nanoparticle interface. Overall, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that the shape memory properties of polymer nanocomposites are governed by the extent to which nanoparticle addition, via nanoparticle aspect ratio, hierarchical morphology, and interfacial interactions, impacts the molecular mechanism responsible for trapping elastic strain. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; Kelley, John; George, Justin; Drummy, Lawrence; Mirau, Peter; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bell, Nelson S.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies FX The authors are very grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, for funding. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). The authors would like to thank Gary Price for assistance in X-ray experiments and Lixia Rong at beamline X27C of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven for help with the in situ X-ray experiments. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 22 BP 8933 EP 8942 DI 10.1021/ma901671v PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 519HS UT WOS:000271756500050 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Schmidt, JD Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, M. W. Schmidt, J. D. Havrilla, M. J. TI A geometrical optics polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function for dielectric and metallic surfaces SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; MATRIX; VEGETATION; CANOPIES; MODELS; OCEAN AB A polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF), based on geometrical optics, is presented. The pBRDF incorporates a visibility (shadowing/masking) function and a Lambertian (diffuse) component which distinguishes it from other geometrical optics pBRDFs in literature. It is shown that these additions keep the pBRDF bounded (and thus a more realistic physical model) as the angle of incidence or observation approaches grazing and better able to model the behavior of light scattered from rough, reflective surfaces. In this paper, the theoretical development of the pBRDF is shown and discussed. Simulation results of a rough, perfect reflecting surface obtained using an exact, electromagnetic solution and experimental Mueller matrix results of two, rough metallic samples are presented to validate the pBRDF. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Hyde, M. W.; Schmidt, J. D.; Havrilla, M. J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu FU Sensors Directorate; Electro-Optical Combat Identification Technology Branch (JM) FX The authors would like to thank David Wellems at Applied Technology Associates for his support in this endeavor. We would also like to thank Michael Greiner, Lawrence Barnes, and Walter Schmoll at AFRL, Sensors Directorate (RY), Electro-Optical Combat Identification Technology Branch (JM) for their support with the Mueller matrix measurements. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 23 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 24 BP 22138 EP 22153 DI 10.1364/OE.17.022138 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525PU UT WOS:000272229400087 PM 19997460 ER PT J AU Asunskis, DJ Bolotin, IL Haley, JE Urbas, A Hanley, L AF Asunskis, Daniel J. Bolotin, Igor L. Haley, Joy E. Urbas, Augustine Hanley, Luke TI Effects of Surface Chemistry on Nonlinear Absorption of PbS Nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; BEAM; SIZE AB A series of lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals grown in oleic acid (OA), poly(1-decene) (PD), poly(1-butene) (PB), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were synthesized. The relationship between nonlinear optical properties and surface properties of PbS nanocrystals were analyzed using 532 and 1064 nm nanosecond open-aperture Z-scan measurements and femtosecond pump-probe experiments with a 390 nm pump and a 450-700 nm probe. The results indicated a clear difference in nonlinear optical properties between the OA and PVA composites in comparison to PB and PD. The materials with strong covalent bonding between the nanocrystal surface and organic phase, PVA and OA, did not show nonlinear absorption behavior in Z-scan measurements at 532 or 1064 nm. The PB and PD composites did, however, show strong reverse saturable absorption in Z-scans recorded at these wavelengths. The transient absorption measurements further separated the PVA and OA composites from the PD and PB samples. The decays for each of the samples indicated up to three contributing absorption decay components. The third component observed in the absorption decay lead to the primary differences in the samples and was attributed to relaxation from deep trap states. The value for its lifetime was determined to be >5 ns in PD and PB. This component was visible in the OA sample, but its lifetime was <2 ns and the results for the PVA showed no traces of this component. The differences in excited state lifetime seen in the OA and PVA composites in comparison to PD and PB mirrored the differences that were seen in the Z-scan experiment. C1 [Asunskis, Daniel J.; Bolotin, Igor L.; Hanley, Luke] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Haley, Joy E.; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Hanley, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, M-C 111, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lhanley@uic.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-05-2-0093] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense under Contract No. W81XWH-05-2-0093. We are grateful to Professor Robert J. Gordon for helpful discussions on various aspects of the Z-scan data analysis, as well as for use of his Nd:YAG laser. We also thank Professor Preston Snee for many useful discussions regarding nanoparticle synthesis. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 19 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 46 BP 19824 EP 19829 DI 10.1021/jp905646y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 516ZX UT WOS:000271583600009 ER PT J AU Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Nastrom, G. D. Eaton, F. D. TI Relationship between refractivity turbulence intensity from MST radar observations and synoptic-scale vorticity SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; DOPPLER RADAR; WHITE SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; CLEAR-AIR; PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; ECHOES AB The relationship between the refractivity turbulence structure constant (C-n(2)) and the synoptic-scale relative vorticity (zeta) is investigated using observations made with the VHF radar at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, over the years 2001-2004. During November-April the frequency distributions of the correlation coefficients for C-n(2) and zeta, C-n(2) and wind speed, the turbulent kinetic energy (sigma(2)(t)) and zeta, and C-n(2) and sigma(2)(t), show a close relationship between C-n(2) and zeta. Large increases of C-n(2) occur at about 9-14 km during times of cyclone passages, as expected since C-n(2) depends strongly on static stability (in dry air), the static stability increases above the tropopause, and the height of the tropopause falls during cyclone passages. The analysis was repeated using distance from the tropopause as the vertical coordinate in order to remove this simple dependence on static stability, and it is found the strong relationship between C-n(2) and zeta persists in the tropopause-relative coordinates. When the values of C-n(2) are averaged into bins based on zeta, the changes in zeta explain over 90% of the variance of mean C-n(2). A regression model for C-n(2) by altitude as a function of zeta is developed. The correlation patterns found at Vandenberg AFB are corroborated with the large sets of 50 MHz radar data from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, and the Middle and Upper Atmosphere radar near Shigaraki, Japan. Although the three sites are located at similar latitudes, they are in very different topographic and climatic regions, suggesting the results found here are fairly general for midlatitude conditions. C1 [Nastrom, G. D.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Eaton, F. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nastrom, GD (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM gdnastrom@stcloudstate.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS6003 DI 10.1029/2008RS004104 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 522MK UT WOS:000272001900001 ER PT J AU Shea, MA AF Shea, M. A. TI Cosmic rays from past to present Preface SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.09.017 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518FY UT WOS:000271677300001 ER PT J AU Rishbeth, H Shea, MA Smart, DF AF Rishbeth, H. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. TI The solar-terrestrial event of 23 February 1956 SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 23 February 1956; Solar activity; Solar-terrestrial events; Ground-level enhancements (GLE); Ionosphere; Personal reminiscences ID GROUND-LEVEL ENHANCEMENT; F-REGION; FLARE; IONOSPHERE; ABSORPTION; LATITUDES AB The solar flare of 23 February 1956 and the resulting geophysical disturbance ranks as one of the most remarkable solar-terrestrial events of the twentieth century. It sparked many papers and has seldom been equalled. Fifty years after the International Geophysical Year, it seems timely to review the observations of the event from today's perspective, and to draw on the recollections of scientists who were active at the time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Shea, M. A.; Smart, D. F.] USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Rishbeth, H.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM rishbeth@soton.ac.uk; sssrc@msn.com NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1096 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.06.020 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518FY UT WOS:000271677300003 ER PT J AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, D. F. Shea, M. A. TI Fifty years of progress in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity determinations SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic cutoff rigidity; Cosmic rays; Cosmic ray trajectory-tracing; Geomagnetic field; Cosmic ray radiation dose; Cutoff rigidity calculation history ID COSMIC-RAY NUCLEI; EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELD; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES; SECULAR VARIATIONS; ENERGY-SPECTRA; RADIATION; MODELS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATIONS; PROPAGATION AB This paper is a review of the progress made in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity calculations over the past 50 years. Determinations of cosmic ray trajectories, and hence cutoff rigidities, using digital computers began in 1956 and progressed slowly until 1962 when McCracken developed an efficient computer program to determine cosmic ray trajectories in a high degree simulation of the geomagnetic field. The application of this cosmic ray trajectory technique was limited by the available computer power. As computers became faster it was possible to determine vertical cutoff rigidity values for cosmic ray stations and coarse world grids; however, the computational effort required was formidable for the computers of the 1960s. Since most cosmic ray experiments were conducted on the surface of the Earth, the vertical cutoff rigidity was adopted as a standard reference value. The effective cutoff value derived from trajectory calculations appeared to be adequate for ordering cosmic ray data from latitude surveys. As the geomagnetic field evolution became more apparent, it was found necessary to update the world grid of cutoff rigidity values using more accurate descriptions of the geomagnetic field. In the 1970s and 1980s it became possible to do experimental verification of the accuracy of these cosmic ray cutoff determinations and also to design experiments based on these cutoff rigidity calculations. The extensive trajectory calculations done in conjunction with the HEAO-3 satellite and a comparison between these experimental measurements and the trajectory calculations verified the Stormer theory prediction regarding angular cutoff variations and also confirmed that the structure of the first order penumbra is very stable and could be used for isotope separation. Contemporary work in improving cutoff rigidities seems to be concentrating on utilizing improved magnetospheric models in an effort to determine more accurate geomagnetic cutoff values. When using geomagnetic cutoff rigidity values to predict the cosmic radiation access to spacecraft for a satisfactory computation of the radiation dose, both the particle transmission though the cosmic ray penumbra and angular cutoffs must be considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Smart, D. F.; Shea, M. A.] USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com NR 99 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1107 EP 1123 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.07.005 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 518FY UT WOS:000271677300004 ER PT J AU Reid, I Zhang, YF Demasi, A Blueser, A Piper, L Downes, JE Matsuura, A Hughes, G Smith, KE AF Reid, Ian Zhang, Yufeng Demasi, Alex Blueser, Andrew Piper, Louis Downes, James E. Matsuura, Anne Hughes, Greg Smith, Kevin E. TI Electronic structure of the organic semiconductor copper tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Copper tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP); X-ray photoemission spectroscopy; Resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHTHALOCYANINE; PORPHYRIN; SPECTRA; SURFACE; EMISSION AB The electronic structure of thin films of the organic semiconductor copper tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) has been studied using synchrotron radiation-excited resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (RSXE), near edge X-ray absorption. ne structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The C and N partial density of states for both the valence and conduction band electronic structure has been determined, while XPS was used to provide information on the chemical composition and the oxidation states of the copper. Good agreement was found between the experimental measurements of the valence and conduction bands and the results of density functional theory calculations. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reid, Ian; Zhang, Yufeng; Demasi, Alex; Blueser, Andrew; Piper, Louis; Smith, Kevin E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Reid, Ian; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Downes, James E.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, MQ Photon, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Matsuura, Anne] USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Reid, I (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Chem & Bioproc Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM ian.reid@ucd.ie RI Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Hughes, Greg/0000-0003-1310-8961; Hughes, Gregory/0000-0002-1358-9032 FU NSF [CHE-0807368]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0157]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; William V. Shannon Trust; Science Foundation Ireland under an SFI Investigator Grant; Higher Education Authority under the NDP FX This work was supported in part by the NSF under Grant No. CHE-0807368 and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0157. The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. I. R. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the William V. Shannon Trust. I. R. and G. H. acknowledges the support of Science Foundation Ireland under an SFI Investigator Grant ( grant title "PlasMAC'') and also financial support from the Higher Education Authority under the NDP. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 256 IS 3 BP 720 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.048 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 519HY UT WOS:000271757300025 ER PT J AU Anderson, PE Raymer, ML Kelly, BJ Reo, NV DelRaso, NJ Doom, TE AF Anderson, Paul E. Raymer, Michael L. Kelly, Benjamin J. Reo, Nicholas V. DelRaso, Nicholas J. Doom, T. E. TI Characterization of H-1 NMR spectroscopic data and the generation of synthetic validation sets SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TOXICITY CLASSIFICATION; METABONOMIC APPROACH; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; METABOLOMICS DATA; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PEAK ALIGNMENT; NMR; MS; TRANSFORM AB Motivation: Common contemporary practice within the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics community is to evaluate and validate novel algorithms on empirical data or simplified simulated data. Empirical data captures the complex characteristics of experimental data, but the optimal or most correct analysis is unknown a priori; therefore, researchers are forced to rely on indirect performance metrics, which are of limited value. In order to achieve fair and complete analysis of competing techniques more exacting metrics are required. Thus, metabolomics researchers often evaluate their algorithms on simplified simulated data with a known answer. Unfortunately, the conclusions obtained on simulated data are only of value if the data sets are complex enough for results to generalize to true experimental data. Ideally, synthetic data should be indistinguishable from empirical data, yet retain a known best analysis. Results: We have developed a technique for creating realistic synthetic metabolomics validation sets based on NMR spectroscopic data. The validation sets are developed by characterizing the salient distributions in sets of empirical spectroscopic data. Using this technique, several validation sets are constructed with a variety of characteristics present in 'real' data. A case study is then presented to compare the relative accuracy of several alignment algorithms using the increased precision afforded by these synthetic data sets. C1 [Anderson, Paul E.; Raymer, Michael L.; Kelly, Benjamin J.; Doom, T. E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Reo, Nicholas V.] Boonshoft Sch Med, Cox Inst, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [DelRaso, Nicholas J.] USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doom, TE (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM travis.doom@wright.edu RI Raymer, Michael/G-3398-2013 OI Raymer, Michael/0000-0003-2649-0792 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biotechnology Branch (AFRL/HEPB); The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [132633] FX Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biotechnology Branch (AFRL/HEPB), The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. ( Contract No. 132633). NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 EI 1460-2059 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 22 BP 2992 EP 3000 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp540 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 516SY UT WOS:000271564300014 PM 19759199 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zhang, QH Qu, LT Dai, LM Voevodin, AA Baur, J AF Patton, Steven T. Zhang, Qiuhong Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Voevodin, Andrey A. Baur, Jeff TI Electromechanical characterization of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE ELASTIC-MODULUS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SWITCH CONTACTS; DEFORMATION; NETWORKS; ADHESION; COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT; BODIES; FORCE AB Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber (CF) and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been thoroughly investigated in previous studies. Growth of radially aligned CNTs on silicon oxide (SiO2) coated CF has recently been accomplished resulting in multiscale composite fiber (CNT/SiO2/CF). CNT/SiO2/CF offers promise as stress and strain sensors in CF reinforced composite materials. However, to date there have been no investigations of the electromechanical properties of CNT/SiO2/CF that would facilitate their usage as sensors in composite materials, which is the focus of this research. This study investigates fundamental mechanical and electrical properties of CF, SiO2/CF (SiO2 coated CF), and CNT/SiO2/CF during localized transverse compression at low loads (mu N to mN) and small displacements (nm to a few mu ms). Force, strain, stiffness, and electrical resistance were monitored simultaneously during compression experiments. For CF, resistance decreased sharply upon compressive loading with hysteresis in both force and resistance being observed at low strain. For SiO2/CF, high resistance and negligible electrical conduction occurred, and the force-displacement curve was linear. CNT/SiO2/CF stiffness increased as force and strain increased and became comparable to that of CF at high strain (similar to 30%). Hysteresis in both force-displacement and resistance-displacement curves was observed with CNT/SiO2/CF, but was more evident as maximum strain increased and did not depend on strain rate. Force was higher and resistance was lower during compression as compared to decompression. Hysteretic energy loss is associated with internal friction between entangled CNTs. Van der Waals force between deformed and entangled CNTs hindered disentanglement, which reduced the number of electrical current paths and increased resistance during decompression. The results of this study provide new understanding of the mechanical and electrical behavior of CNT/SiO2/CF that will facilitate usage as stress and strain sensors in both stand-alone and composite materials applications. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3253747] C1 [Patton, Steven T.; Zhang, Qiuhong; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Baur, Jeff] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patton, Steven T.; Zhang, Qiuhong; Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 10 AR 104313 DI 10.1063/1.3253747 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 534YB UT WOS:000272932300120 ER PT J AU Pati, R Panigrahi, P Pal, PP Akdim, B Pachter, R AF Pati, Ranjit Panigrahi, Puspamitra Pal, Partha Pratim Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth TI Gate field induced electronic current modulation in a single wall boron nitride nanotube: Molecular scale field effect transistor SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE; TRANSPORT AB We report a first-principles quantum transport study in a single wall boron nitride nanotube sandwiched between a pair of gold electrodes. The non-equilibrium Green's function approach, in which the electric field effect is explicitly included within a many body framework, is used to calculate the channel current, I(sd), in the presence of a transverse gate field, E(g). The E(g) is found to have a profound effect on the electronic current between the source and drain - revealing transistor behavior. The significant modulation in electronic current (ON-OFF current ratio of similar to 18 at V(sd) of 3 V) is attributed to the giant Stark shift caused by the gate field. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pati, Ranjit; Panigrahi, Puspamitra; Pal, Partha Pratim] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pati, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM patir@mtu.edu FU NSF [ECCS-0643420] FX This work is supported by NSF through Grant No. ECCS-0643420. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 482 IS 4-6 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.027 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 512QO UT WOS:000271265200026 ER PT J AU Beck, EV Brozell, SR Blaudeau, JP Burggraf, LW Pitzer, RM AF Beck, Eric V. Brozell, Scott R. Blaudeau, Jean-Philippe Burggraf, Larry W. Pitzer, Russell M. TI Assessment of the Accuracy of Shape-Consistent Relativistic Effective Core Potentials Using Multireference Spin-Orbit Configuration Interaction Singles and Doubles Calculations of the Ground and Low-Lying Excited States of U4+ and U5+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID UNITARY-GROUP APPROACH; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; URANYL-ION; ACTINIDE COMPLEXES; PROGRAM SYSTEM; COMPOUNDS XUY AB Multireference spin-orbit configuration interaction calculations were used to determine the accuracy of 60-, 68, and 78-electron shape-consistent relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs) for uranium V and VI ground and low-lying excited states. Both 5f(n) and (5f6d)(n), (n = 1, 2) reference spaces were investigated using correlation-consistent double-zeta quality basis sets. Accuracy was assessed against gas-phase experimental spectra. The 68-electron RECP calculations yielded low relative and rms errors and predicted the empirical ordering of states most consistently. C1 [Brozell, Scott R.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Beck, Eric V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Blaudeau, Jean-Philippe] USA, High Performance Technol Inc, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Dept Engn, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pitzer, Russell M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Brozell, SR (reprint author), Ohio Supercomp Ctr, 1224 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM srb@osc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Phil Christiansen for developing several RECPs. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United State Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. This work was made possible in par; through a grant by the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Engineering Education Reasearch (NEER) Program. Additional support was provided by Mr. James Grey and Mr. David Doaks at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Rajni Tyagi, with the Ohio State University Department of Chemistry, provided invaluable insights and assistance for this work. S.R.B. acknowledges the use of computional facilities at the Ohio Supercomputer Center and The Ohio State University. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 45 BP 12626 EP 12631 DI 10.1021/jp9049846 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 514WX UT WOS:000271428100037 PM 19888778 ER PT J AU Greiner, MA Duncan, BD Dierking, MP AF Greiner, Michael A. Duncan, Bradley D. Dierking, Matthew P. TI Monte Carlo simulation of multiple photon scattering in sugar maple tree canopies SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA; FOREST; LEAVES AB Detecting objects hidden beneath forest canopies is a difficult task for optical remote sensing systems. Rather than relying upon the existence of gaps between leaves, as other researchers have done, our ultimate goal is to use light scattered by leaves to image through dense foliage. Herein we describe the development of a Monte Carlo model for simulating the scattering of light as it propagates through the leaves of an extended tree canopy. We measured several parameters, including the gap fraction and maximum leaf-area density, of a nearby sugar maple tree grove and applied them to our model. We report the results of our simulation in both the ground and the receiver planes for an assumed illumination angle of 80 degrees. To validate our model, we then illuminated the sugar maple tree grove at 80 and collected data both on the canopy floor and at our monostatic receiver aperture. Experimental results were found to correlate well with our simulated expectations. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Greiner, Michael A.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Duncan, Bradley D.; Dierking, Matthew P.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJM, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Greiner, MA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Michael.Greiner@wpafb.af.mil; Bradley.Duncan@notes.udayton.edu; Matthew.Dierking@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force and General Dynamics, of Dayton, Ohio [F33601-02 F-A581]; Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) at the University of Dayton FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force and General Dynamics, of Dayton, Ohio, through contract F33601-02 F-A581, and by the Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) at the University of Dayton. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 32 BP 6159 EP 6171 DI 10.1364/AO.48.006159 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 517WM UT WOS:000271649700010 PM 19904312 ER PT J AU Kostka, S Roy, S Lakusta, PJ Meyer, TR Renfro, MW Gord, JR Branam, R AF Kostka, Stanislav Roy, Sukesh Lakusta, Patrick J. Meyer, Terrence R. Renfro, Michael W. Gord, James R. Branam, Richard TI Comparison of line-peak and line-scanning excitation in two-color laser-induced-fluorescence thermometry of OH SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; FLAME BURNER; COMBUSTOR; HYDROGEN; FIELD AB Two-line laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) thermometry is commonly employed to generate instantaneous planar maps of temperature in unsteady flames. The use of line scanning to extract the ratio of integrated intensities is less common because it precludes instantaneous measurements. Recent advances in the energy output of high-speed, ultraviolet, optical parameter oscillators have made possible the rapid scanning of molecular rovibrational transitions and, hence, the potential to extract information on gas-phase temperatures. In the current study, two-line OH LIF thermometry is performed in a well-calibrated reacting flow for the purpose of comparing the relative accuracy of various line-pair selections from the literature and quantifying the differences between peak-intensity and spectrally integrated line ratios. Investigated are the effects of collisional quenching, laser absorption, and the integration width for partial scanning of closely spaced lines on the measured temperatures. Data from excitation scans are compared with theoretical line shapes, and experimentally derived temperatures are compared with numerical predictions that were previously validated using coherent anti-Stokes-Raman scattering. Ratios of four pairs of transitions in the A(2)Sigma(+)<- X-2 Pi (1,0) band of OH are collected in an atmospheric-pressure, near-adiabatic hydrogen-air flame over a wide range of equivalence ratios-from 0.4 to 1.4. It is observed that measured temperatures based on the ratio of Q(1)(14)/Q(1)(5) transition lines result in the best accuracy and that line scanning improves the measurement accuracy by as much as threefold at low-equivalence-ratio, low-temperature conditions. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of the procedures required to ensure accurate two-line LIF measurements in reacting flows over a wide range of conditions. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kostka, Stanislav; Renfro, Michael W.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Engn Mech, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lakusta, Patrick J.; Branam, Richard] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 FU U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (USAFIT) [FA8601-07-P-0173]; Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (USAFIT) under contract FA8601-07-P-0173 and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-09-C-2001. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 32 BP 6332 EP 6343 DI 10.1364/AO.48.006332 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 517WM UT WOS:000271649700032 PM 19904334 ER PT J AU White, TJ Bricker, RL Natarajan, LV Tabiryan, NV Green, L Li, Q Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Bricker, Rebecca L. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Green, Lisa Li, Quan Bunning, Timothy J. TI Phototunable Azobenzene Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with 2000 nm Range SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL TWISTING POWER; PHOTOCHROMIC FULGIDE; CHIRAL DIARYLETHENE; TUNABLE LASERS; PITCH; LIGHT; COLOR; SWITCHES; GRATINGS; DOPANTS AB Phototuning of more than 2000 nm is demonstrated in an azobenzene-based cholesteric liquid crystal (azo-CLC) consisting of a high-helical-twisting-power, axially chiral bis(azo) molecule (QL76). Phototuning range and rate are compared as a function of chiral dopant concentration, light intensity, and thickness. CLCs composed of QL76 maintain the CLC phase regardless of intensity or duration of exposure. The time necessary for the complete restoration of the original spectral properties (position, bandwidth, baseline transmission, and reflectivity) of QL76-based CLC is dramatically reduced from days to a few minutes by polymer stabilization of the CLC helix. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Bricker, Rebecca L.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bricker, Rebecca L.] SOCHE Inc, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Green, Lisa; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 50 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 9 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3484 EP 3488 DI 10.1002/adfm.200900396 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 523YD UT WOS:000272110100019 ER PT J AU Pochet, M Naderi, NA Terry, N Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Pochet, M. Naderi, N. A. Terry, N. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. TI Dynamic behavior of an injection-locked quantum-dash Fabry-Perot laser at zero-detuning SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; OPTICAL-INJECTION AB This work investigates the behavior of a zero-detuned optically-injected quantum-dash Fabry-Perot laser as the injected field ratio is increased from near-zero to levels resulting in stable locking. Using a normalized model describing optically-injected semiconductor lasers, variations in the slave laser's free-running characteristics are shown to have a strong impact on the coupled system's behavior. The theoretical model is verified experimentally using a high resolution spectrometer. It is found that the quantum-dash laser has the technological advantage of a low linewidth enhancement factor at low bias currents that suppresses undesirable Period-2 and chaotic behavior. Such observations suggest that optically-injected quantum-dash lasers can be used as an enabling component for tunable photonic oscillators. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Pochet, M.; Naderi, N. A.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Terry, N.; Kovanis, V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM mpochet@unm.edu FU U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-1-0085]; AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-06-1-0085. V. Kovanis and N. Terry were funded by AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR. The views expressed in this article are those of the author & do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 9 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 23 BP 20623 EP 20630 DI 10.1364/OE.17.020623 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 517PY UT WOS:000271630000001 PM 19997291 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Pitotti, RL Dixon, P Valtier, S Little, CM AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Pitotti, Rebecca L. Dixon, Patricia Valtier, Sandra Little, Charles M. TI Hydroxocobalamin and Epinephrine Improve Survival in a Swine Model of Cyanide-Induced Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 82nd Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 14-18, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Pitotti, Rebecca L.; Dixon, Patricia; Valtier, Sandra] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Little, Charles M.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 18 SU 2 BP S652 EP S652 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 520GV UT WOS:000271831501635 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Huang, DH Blumenthal, MD Wright, SJ Pepper, M Abranyos, Y AF Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong Blumenthal, M. D. Wright, Samuel J. Pepper, M. Abranyos, Yonatan TI Spin-split excitation gap and spin entanglement of a pair of interacting electrons in a quantum dot SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZATION; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; WAVES; STATE; WIRE AB We calculate the energy eigenvalues, the spin-split excitation gap (energy separation between the spin-triplet excited state and the spin-singlet ground state) and the concurrence for two interacting electrons captured in a quantum dot (QD) formed by a gigahertz electron pump which is modeled by harmonic confining potentials. We find from our calculations a peak in the QD size dependence of the energy level for the spin-singlet ground state, indicating the effect due to Coulomb blockade. In addition, we observe a local minimum in the QD size dependence of the spin-split excitation gap for a relatively narrow quasi-one-dimensional (1D) channel formed from an etched wire, but a strong positive peak for the spin-split excitation gap in its QD size dependence with a relatively wide 1D channel. From the existence of a robust spin-split excitation gap against both thermal fluctuation due to finite (low) temperatures and the nonadiabatic effect due to fast barrier variations, we predict a spin-entangled electron pair inside the QD with a weak coupling to external leads. An interference-type experiment which employs a gate-controlled electron pump and a beam splitter is proposed to verify this prediction. For the electron pump, a sinusoidal radio-frequency signal is applied to the entrance gate of a two-gated system over a narrow channel etched in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure, where the measured current within the channel shows plateaus at Nef with N = 1, 2,... being the number of captured electrons in a QD and f the frequency of the sinusoidal signal. C1 [Gumbs, Godfrey; Abranyos, Yonatan] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blumenthal, M. D.; Wright, Samuel J.; Pepper, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Blumenthal, M. D.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Pepper, M.] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. RP Gumbs, G (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207] FX GG was supported by contract no FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL. DH would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. Helpful comments and suggestions by Dr Mark Hillery are greatly appreciated. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 24 IS 11 AR 115001 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/24/11/115001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 511UL UT WOS:000271195000002 ER PT J AU Heckman, EM Gonzalez, LP Guha, S Barnes, JO Carpenter, A AF Heckman, Emily M. Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Carpenter, Amelia TI Electrical and optical switching properties of ion implanted VO2 thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Vanadium dioxide; Optical properties; Raman scattering; Electrical properties and measurements ID VANADIUM-OXIDE FILMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE AB The metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide thin films implanted with O+ ions was studied. Ion implantation lowered the metal-insulator transition temperature of the VO2 films by 12 degrees C compared to the unimplanted ones, as measured both optically and electrically. The lowering of the transition temperature was accomplished without significantly reducing the mid-wave infrared optical transmission in the insulating state for wavelengths >43 mu m. Raman spectroscopy was used to examine changes to the crystalline structure of the implanted films. The Raman spectra indicate that ion implantation effects are not annealed out for temperatures up to 120 degrees C. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar; Barnes, Jacob O.; Carpenter, Amelia] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heckman, Emily M.; Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Barnes, Jacob O.; Carpenter, Amelia] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM emily.heckman@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 518 IS 1 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.05.063 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 504PI UT WOS:000270628800043 ER PT J AU Bray, KR Wu, RLC Fries-Carr, S Weimer, J AF Bray, K. R. Wu, R. L. C. Fries-Carr, S. Weimer, J. TI Aluminum oxynitride dielectrics for multilayer capacitors with higher energy density and wide temperature properties SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Aluminum oxynitride; Dielectric; Multilayer capacitors; High temperature ID ALN THIN-FILMS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SILICON; AIN AB Amorphous aluminum oxynitride (AlON) possesses unique properties of high dielectric strength, high resistivity, low loss, high decomposition temperature, chemical inertness, and high thermal conductivity. These properties make it a candidate for a next generation capacitor dielectric. DC pulsed magnetron reactive sputtering is used to produce amorphous AlON films on various substrates. Dielectric properties are optimized by adjusting DC power, pulse frequency, total pressure, substrate temperature, and gas ratio. Simple parallel plate structures are utilized to characterize the dielectric properties. Clearable electrodes are evaluated in device performance. Defects cleared without significant loss of capacitance. Temperature dependent dielectric properties were evaluated from -200 degrees C to +400 degrees C. Stacked multilayer capacitor device is developed for high energy density and wide temperature applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bray, K. R.; Wu, R. L. C.] K Syst Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Fries-Carr, S.; Weimer, J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, RLC (reprint author), K Syst Corp, 1522 Marsetta Dr, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM rlwu@aol.com FU OSD/AF for K Systems SBIR Phase II Program [FA8650-04-C-2415] FX This research was conducted under K Systems Contract No. FA8650-04-C-2415 sponsored by OSD/AF for K Systems SBIR Phase II Program. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 518 IS 1 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.06.052 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 504PI UT WOS:000270628800063 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR AF Visbal, Miguel R. TI High-Fidelity Simulation of Transitional Flows past a Plunging Airfoil SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; PITCHING AIRFOIL; DYNAMIC STALL; MESHES AB This investigation addresses the simulation of the unsteady separated flows encountered by a plunging airfoil under low-Reynolds-number conditions (Re-c <= 6 x 10(4)). The flowfields are computed employing an extensively validated high-fidelity implicit large-eddy simulation approach. Calculations are performed first turn SD7003 airfoil section at an angle of attack alpha(0) = 4 deg plunging with reduced frequency k = 3.93 and amplitude h(0)/c = 0.05. Under these conditions, it is demonstrated that, for Re-c = 10(4), transitional effects are not significant. For Re-c = 4 x 10(4), the dynamic-stall vortex system is laminar at its inception, however, shortly afterward, it experiences an abrupt breakdown due to the onset of spanwise instabilities. A description of this transition process near the leading edge is provided. As a second example, the suppression of stall at high angle of attack (alpha(0) = 14 deg) is investigated using high-frequency, small-amplitude vibrations (k = 10, h(0)/c = 0.005). At Re-c = 6 x 10(4), separation is completely eliminated in a time-averaged sense, and the mean drag is reduced by approximately 40%. For larger forcing amplitude (h(0)/c = 0.04, Re-c = 10(4)), a very intriguing regime emerges. The dynamic-stall vortex moves around and in front of the leading edge and experiences a dramatic breakdown as it impinges against the airfoil. The corresponding phased-averaged Now displays no coherent vortices propagating along the airfoil upper surface. This new flow structure is also characterized in the mean by the existence of a strong jet in the near wake which produces net thrust. This study demonstrates the importance of transition for low-Reynolds-number maneuvering airfoils and the suitability of the implicit large-eddy simulation approach for exploring such flow regime . C1 USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2685 EP 2697 DI 10.2514/1.43038 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516KA UT WOS:000271539700018 ER PT J AU Kunz, DL AF Kunz, Donald L. TI Numerical Investigation of Constrained Direct Solutions Using Hamilton's Law SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 50th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID MULTIBODY SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; VARYING ACTION; INTEGRATION; FORMULATION; STABILITY; ALGORITHM; PRINCIPLE AB This paper presents numerical results obtained for a dynamic system that is modeled using Hamilton's law of varying action and for which geometric constraints are enforced explicitly. These results are compared with numerical results for the same system that were obtained from ordinary differential equations, differential-algebraic equations, and a formulation based on Hamilton's law in which the constraints were enforced implicitly. This comparison had two objectives: first, to show that numerical results from the formulation based on Hamilton's law and explicit constraints were equal or superior to results from other formulations; second, to verify that explicit constraints must be enforced at the end of the time step. Both objectives were successfully accomplished. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kunz, DL (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2747 EP 2756 DI 10.2514/1.45673 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516KA UT WOS:000271539700024 ER PT J AU Crisp, HC Quinn, JM AF Crisp, Howard C. Quinn, James M. TI Quantitative immunoglobulins in adulthood SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE Adult; aging; elderly; geriatric; IgA; IgG; IgM; immunoglobulin; normal; review ID SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS; AGE; SEX; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Although age-related changes in serum immunoglobulins are well described in childhood, alterations in immunoglobulins in the elderly are less well described and published. This study was designed to better define expected immunoglobulin ranges and differences in adults of differing decades of life. Sera from 404 patients, aged 20-89 years old were analyzed for quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA). The patients with diagnoses or medications known to affect immunoglobulin levels were identified while blinded to their immunoglobulin levels. A two-factor ANOVA was performed using decade of life and gender on both the entire sample population as well as the subset Without any disease or medication expected to alter immunoglobulin levels. A literature review was also performed on all English language articles evaluating quantitative immunoglobulin levels in adults >60 years old. For the entire population, IgM was found to be higher in women when compared with men (p < 0.001) and lower in the oldest sample population compared with the youngest population (p < 0.001). For the population without diseases known to affect immunoglobulin levels, the differences in IgM with gender and age were maintained (p <= 0.001) and IgA levels were generally higher in the older population when compared with the younger population (p = 0.009). Elderly patients without disease known to affect immunoglobulin levels have higher serum IgA levels and lower serum IgM levels. Women have higher IgM levels than men throughout life. IgG levels are not significantly altered in an older population. (Allergy Asthma Proc 30:649-654, 2009; doi: 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3292) C1 [Crisp, Howard C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Crisp, HC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.crisp@us.af.mil FU Wilford Hall Medical Center FX This study was approved by the Wilford Hall Medical Center Institutional Review Board NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 649 EP 654 DI 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3292 PG 6 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 540US UT WOS:000273366100012 PM 20031011 ER PT J AU Swaby, JA AF Swaby, James A. TI SUPPORT OF FAR-FORWARD DISEASE SURVEILLANCE OPERATIONS WITH DEPLOYABLE, REAL-TIME VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE AGENT ANALYTIC CAPABILITY: ENHANCED AND EXPANDED APPLICATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Swaby, James A.] 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 44 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700045 ER PT J AU Bayer, AM Carhuas, CM Sanchez, JF Beltran, M Razuri, HR Zavaleta, C Halsey, ES Montgomery, JM Sanders, JW Lescano, AG AF Bayer, Angela M. Carhuas, Cinthia M. Sanchez, Juan F. Beltran, Martin Razuri, Hugo R. Zavaleta, Carol Halsey, Eric S. Montgomery, Joel M. Sanders, John W. Lescano, Andres G. TI PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH PROCESSES AMONG COMMUNITY MEMBERS FROM SMALL RIVERINE POPULATIONS IN THE PERUVIAN RAINFOREST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Bayer, Angela M.; Carhuas, Cinthia M.; Sanchez, Juan F.; Razuri, Hugo R.; Montgomery, Joel M.; Sanders, John W.; Lescano, Andres G.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Beltran, Martin] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Yurimaguas, Peru. [Zavaleta, Carol] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Intercultural Hlth, Lima, Peru. [Halsey, Eric S.] USAF, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 445 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700445 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JF Bayer, AM Gonzaga, VE Fernandez, C Beltran, M Razuri, HR Kochel, T Graf, PC Mundal, KD Zavaleta, C Halsey, ES Maves, RC Montgomery, JM Sanders, JW Lescano, AG AF Sanchez, Juan F. Bayer, Angela M. Gonzaga, Victor E. Fernandez, Connie Beltran, Martin Razuri, Hugo R. Kochel, Tadeusz Graf, Paul C. Mundal, Kirk D. Zavaleta, Carol Halsey, Eric S. Maves, Ryan C. Montgomery, Joel M. Sanders, John W. Lescano, Andres G. TI PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES, ANEMIA AND MALARIA IN SMALL RIVERINE POPULATIONS IN THE PERUVIAN RAINFOREST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Sanchez, Juan F.; Bayer, Angela M.; Gonzaga, Victor E.; Fernandez, Connie; Razuri, Hugo R.; Kochel, Tadeusz; Graf, Paul C.; Mundal, Kirk D.; Maves, Ryan C.; Montgomery, Joel M.; Sanders, John W.; Lescano, Andres G.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Beltran, Martin] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Yurimaguas, Peru. [Zavaleta, Carol] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Intercultural Hlth, Lima, Peru. [Halsey, Eric S.] USAF, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 446 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700446 ER PT J AU Schnabel, D Bulimo, W Achilla, R Gibbons, T Gordon, S AF Schnabel, David Bulimo, Wallace Achilla, Rachel Gibbons, Tom Gordon, Scott TI ANTIGENIC AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN KENYA FROM 2006-08 WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL AND GLOBAL INFLUENZA DRIFT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Schnabel, David; Gordon, Scott] US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bulimo, Wallace; Achilla, Rachel] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gibbons, Tom] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 733 BP 211 EP 212 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701149 ER PT J AU Quispe, AM Sanchez, JF Bayer, AM Beltran, M Halsey, ES Gonzaga, VE Razuri, HR Zavaleta, C Maves, RC Montgomery, JM Sanders, JW Lescano, AG AF Quispe, Antonio M. Sanchez, Juan F. Bayer, Angela M. Beltran, Martin Halsey, Eric S. Gonzaga, Victor E. Razuri, Hugo R. Zavaleta, Carol Maves, Ryan C. Montgomery, Joel M. Sanders, John W. Lescano, Andres G. TI SELF-REPORTED HEALTH STATUS AND WELL-BEING AMONG SMALL RIVERINE POPULATIONS IN THE PERUVIAN RAINFOREST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Quispe, Antonio M.; Sanchez, Juan F.; Bayer, Angela M.; Gonzaga, Victor E.; Razuri, Hugo R.; Maves, Ryan C.; Montgomery, Joel M.; Sanders, John W.; Lescano, Andres G.] United States Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Beltran, Martin] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Subreg Epidemiol Off, Yurimaguas, Peru. [Halsey, Eric S.] USAF, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. [Zavaleta, Carol] Peruvian Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Intercultural Hlth, Lima, Peru. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 1138 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701552 ER PT J AU Brooke, H Bronk, BV McCutcheon, JN Morgan, SL Myrick, ML AF Brooke, Heather Bronk, B. V. McCutcheon, J. N. Morgan, S. L. Myrick, M. L. TI A Study of Electric Field Standing Waves on Reflection Microspectroscopy of Polystyrene Particles SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared spectroscopy; Infrared microspectroscopy; Reflectance; Refractive index; Optical constants; Particles; Scattering; Electric field standing waves; EFSW ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPHERE; FILMS; FABRICATION; SPECTRA; SURFACE AB We have been investigating the mid-infrared (MIR) reflection spectrum of microparticles on mirrored substrates. Gold-coated porous alumina filters were used as a substrate to layer the particles and provide consistent reflection spectra. Polystyrene spheres with measured diameters of 0.42 pm were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflection microspectroscopy, and spectra are shown for coverages in the range 0.5-6 monolayers (ML). Results show that absorption has a nonlinear, stair-step-like dependence on particle coverage and a wavelength dependence that can be explained by electric field standing waves (EFSW) caused by the mirrored substrate. The same effect is found to cause progressive weakening of the observed spectra as a function of increasing wavelength in sub-monolayer coverage measurements. Scattering effects in the spectra are consistent with surface scattering at the antinodes of the EFSW These observations provide explanations for differences seen between optical properties of particles calculated using the specular-reflection method versus those calculated using traditional aerosol methods. A simple multilayer method for estimating particle absorption coefficients is demonstrated that compares well with values reported using ellipsometry for bulk polystyrene. Another simple method based on sub-monolayer coverage spectra provides spectra suitable for classification analysis but is only semi-quantitative at determining absorption coefficients. C1 [Brooke, Heather; McCutcheon, J. N.; Morgan, S. L.; Myrick, M. L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bronk, B. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bronk, B. V.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myrick@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 FU National Institutes of Justice [2007-DN-BX-K199] FX The authors acknowledge support in the writing of this report from the National Institutes of Justice under grant 2007-DN-BX-K199. The authors are also indebted to Professor Glenn Boreman (University of Central Florida) and Dr. William Folks for providing the detailed electronic file of results for polystyrene shown in graphical format as Fig. 3 in Ref. 27. The authors would like to acknowledge the University of South Carolina Electron Microscopy Center for instrument use and scientific and technical assistance. H.B. thanks the Graduate School of the University of South Carolina (Columbia) for travel and other support during this project. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1302 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 521NU UT WOS:000271929400014 PM 19891839 ER PT J AU Elm, MK Ahmed, A Goksel, D Henning, JS AF Elm, Michael K. Ahmed, Atif Goksel, Denise Henning, Jeffrey S. TI Cutaneous and Systemic Infection With Scedosporium apiospermum SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; MANAGEMENT AB We present a case of cutaneous and systemic infection with Scedosporium apiospermum occurring in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scedosporium apiospermum is a rare cause of systemic mycosis but is associated with a high rate of mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Because the patient presented in an advanced state of infection, supportive measures were unsuccessful and definitive diagnosis could not be made until postmortem examination. We discuss the presentation, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for Scedosporium infection.. Cutis. 2009 84:275-278. C1 [Elm, Michael K.; Ahmed, Atif; Goksel, Denise; Henning, Jeffrey S.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Henning, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeffrey.henning@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 2009 VL 84 IS 5 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 523XR UT WOS:000272108900008 PM 20099621 ER PT J AU Henning, JS Firoz, BF Lehman, KA AF Henning, J. Scott Firoz, Bahar F. Lehman, Kimberly A. TI Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Operation Iraqi Freedom: Use of the TRUE Test in the Combat Environment SO DERMATITIS LA English DT Article ID DERMATOLOGY AB Background: Refractory dermatitis can frequently cause loss of personnel and poses an economic drain on the military due to the evacuation of civilians and soldiers out of theater. Objective: Proof-of-concept retrospective analysis to review the utility of the T.R.U.E. Test in the combat environment. Methods: Thirty T.R.U.E. Tests were performed by the dermatology clinic in Baghdad, Iraq, between January 15, 2008, and July 15, 2008. Thirty active-duty and civilian contractors referred to the dermatology clinic for dermatitis were tested and four others were clinically rechallenged for suspected bacitracin contact allergy Results: Of the 30 patients tested, 14 (46.7%) had a positive test reaction to at least one antigen. In these positive tests, nickel, neomycin, and thimersol each comprised 17% followed by neomycin, thimerosal, budesonide, epoxy resin, potassium dichromate, p-phenylenediamine, formaldehyde, quaternium-15, fragrance, and balsam of Peru. All four clinical rechallenges for bacitracin allergy were also positive. Conclusions: The use of the T.R.U.E. Test in the combat desert environment is an efficient, easy, and clinically relevant method of testing for allergic contact dermatitis. Continued study of the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis at Ibn Sina Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, is recommended C1 San Antonio Mil Med Ctr S, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. DermSurg Associates, Houston, TX USA. RP Henning, JS (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, S Campus,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1710-3568 J9 DERMATITIS JI Dermatitis PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 SI SI BP 334 EP 337 DI 10.2310/6620.2009.09018 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 543RG UT WOS:000273595400005 PM 19958738 ER PT J AU Chen, TMS Wanitphakdeedecha, R Whittemore, DE Nguyen, TH AF Chen, T. Minsue Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima Whittemore, Darren E. Nguyen, Tri H. TI Laboratory Assistive Personnel in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Survey of Training and Laboratory Practice SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FROZEN-SECTIONS AB BACKGROUND The success of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is contingent on high-quality frozen tissue sections for histologic interpretation. Laboratory assistive personnel (LAP) are central to this process, but their training and tissue processing techniques are neither standardized nor certified for competence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate processes used to train and laboratory techniques practiced by LAP. Letters were mailed to Mohs surgeons with a Web link to an online survey for LAP to complete. RESULTS Response rate was 24%. Responders primarily received training on the job, but not from the surgeon. On-the-job training from other LAP was perceived to be the most helpful, and textbook to be the least helpful. On average, survey responders felt it took several months to become proficient. Wide variations in laboratory practice were noted for histology laboratory and Mohs tissue processing techniques and for quality assurance. Differences in training and practices were noted between certified and noncertified LAP. CONCLUSION Patient care may be compromised because of variable practice of laboratory techniques, quality assurance, and quality control. Standardization of LAP training, along with demonstration and maintenance of competency, may be necessary to ensure the integrity of the MMS technique. C1 [Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima] Mahidol Univ, Dept Dermatol, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Chen, T. Minsue; Nguyen, Tri H.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Whittemore, Darren E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wanitphakdeedecha, R (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Dept Dermatol, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, 2 Pran Nok Rd, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. EM sirwn@mahidol.ac.th NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1746 EP 1756 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01287.x PG 11 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 515JK UT WOS:000271465800006 PM 19660026 ER PT J AU Sriver, TA Chrissis, JW Abramson, MA AF Sriver, Todd A. Chrissis, James W. Abramson, Mark A. TI Pattern search ranking and selection algorithms for mixed variable simulation-based optimization SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pattern search algorithms; Mixed variable programming; Nonlinear programming; Simulation; Ranking and selection ID CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; MINIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE; FRAMEWORK AB The class of generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms for mixed variable optimization is extended to problems with stochastic objective functions. Because random noise in the objective function makes it more difficult to compare trial points and ascertain which points are truly better than others, replications are needed to generate sufficient statistical power to draw conclusions. Rather than comparing pairs of points, the approach taken here augments pattern search with a ranking and selection (R&S) procedure, which allows for comparing many function values simultaneously. Asymptotic convergence for the algorithm is established, numerical issues are discussed, and performance of the algorithm is studied on a set of test problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chrissis, James W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sriver, Todd A.] Headquarters US Air Forces Europe, Anal Lessons Learned Div, Ramstein Air Base, APO, AE 09094 USA. [Abramson, Mark A.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Chrissis, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Sriver@ramstein.af.mil; james.Chrissis@afit.edu; Mark.A.Abramson@boeing.com NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 198 IS 3 BP 878 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.10.020 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 446RE UT WOS:000266138000020 ER PT J AU Granado, NS Smith, TC Swanson, GM Harris, RB Shahar, E Smith, B Boyko, EJ Wells, TS Ryan, MAK AF Granado, Nisara S. Smith, Tyler C. Swanson, G. Marie Harris, Robin B. Shahar, Eyal Smith, Besa Boyko, Edward J. Wells, Timothy S. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Newly Reported Hypertension After Military Combat Deployment in a Large Population-Based Study SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; incidence; stressful events; cohort studies; military personnel ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; GULF-WAR VETERANS; BODY-MASS INDEX; MILLENNIUM COHORT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; US MILITARY; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING AB High-stress situations, such as combat deployments, are a potential risk factor for hypertension. Although stress is postulated to increase blood pressure, the underlying role of stress on hypertension is not well established. We sought to determine the relations between combat deployment-induced stress and hypertension. The Millennium Cohort baseline questionnaire (2001-2003) was completed by 77 047 US active-duty and Reserve/National Guard members. Follow-up was completed by 55 021 responders approximate to 3 years later (2004-2006). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the 3-year risk of newly reported hypertension, adjusting for general and mental health, demographics, and occupational and behavioral characteristics. After applying exclusion criteria, our analyses included 36 061 service members. Subanalyses of deployers included 8829 participants. Newly reported hypertension was identified in 6.9% of the cohort between baseline and follow-up, many of whom had deployed on military operations in support of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. After adjusting, deployers who experienced no combat exposures were less likely to report hypertension than nondeployers (odds ratio: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.89). Among deployers, those reporting multiple combat exposures were 1.33 times more likely to report hypertension compared with noncombat deployers (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.65). Although military deployers, in general, had a lower incidence of hypertension than nondeployers, deployment with multiple stressful combat exposures appeared to be a unique risk factor for newly reported hypertension. (Hypertension. 2009; 54: 966-973.) C1 [Granado, Nisara S.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Swanson, G. Marie] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Harris, Robin B.; Shahar, Eyal] Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, Tyler C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Dept Occupat Hlth, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Granado, NS (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM nisara.granado@med.navy.mil FU Military Operational Medicine Research Program; United States Army Medical Research and Material Command FX The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command (Fort Detrick, MD). NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 966 EP 973 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132555 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 509CW UT WOS:000270992100010 PM 19752293 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba TI Some Issues With Using Radiative Transfer Approach to Scattering From Layered Random Media With Rough Interfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Multilayer; radiative transfer; random media; rough surfaces; statistical wave approach ID DISCRETE RANDOM MEDIUM; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; BACKSCATTERING; COHERENCE; RADIOMETRY; SYSTEMS; MATRIX; FIELD; MODEL AB The radiative transfer (RT) approach is widely used in applications involving scattering from layered random media with rough interfaces. Although it has been successful in several disciplines it is well known that this approach involves certain approximations. In this paper these assumptions and approximations are reexamined. To enable this a statistical wave approach is employed to this problem and the governing equations for the first and second moments of the wave functions are derived. A transition is hence made to arrive at a system of equations corresponding to that of the RT approach. It is hence found that more conditions are implicitly involved in the RT approach than generally believed to be sufficient. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@hanscom.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received August 18, 2008; revised February 26, 2009. First published September 09, 2009; current version published November 04, 2009. This work was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3646 EP 3654 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2031913 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 515QZ UT WOS:000271489000023 ER PT J AU Fleming, TP Mardahl, PJ AF Fleming, Timothy P. Mardahl, Peter J. TI Performance Improvements in the Relativistic Magnetron: The Effect of DC Field Perturbations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cathodes; magnetron; microwave tube ID CATHODE AB The effect of using a shaped or transparent cathode to enhance key performance parameters in the Michigan magnetron, such as output power, power efficiency, and mode purity, was examined using a massively parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell. In simulations, we saw a dramatic increase in the range of magnetic field and input voltage over which the magnetron functions, an increase in output power, an increase in efficiency, an elimination of mode competition, and immediate start-up for both the shaped and transparent cathodes relative to the standard cathode. These simulations also revealed that the mechanism that is responsible for the improved performance that accompanies the transparent cathode may not be RF-azimuthal-field penetration but rather perturbations in the "dc" field resulting from the design of the novel cathodes themselves. C1 [Fleming, Timothy P.; Mardahl, Peter J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fleming, TP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM timothy.fleming@kirtland.af.mil; peter.mardahl@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2128 EP 2138 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2030579 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 517DB UT WOS:000271592300003 ER PT J AU Levan, PD Beecken, BP AF LeVan, Paul D. Beecken, Brian P. TI Hyperspectral opportunities with next-generation QSIP arrays SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Structure Infrared Photodetector CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Yosemite, CA SP NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, NASA, AF Res Lab, NASA, Army Res Lab, NASA, Defense Adv Res Projects Agcy, NASA, Missile Defense Agcy, Calif Inst Technol, Georgia Inst Technol, FLIR, QWIPT Technol, QmagiQ Wafer Technol DE Hyperspectral; Infrared; Multi-waveband; Focal plane array; Molecular beam epitaxy ID SPECTROMETER AB Hyperspectral applications that employ gratings typically exploit only one grating order. since other orders that emerge from the grating at the same angle of dispersion would corrupt the spectrum measured with conventional FPAs. Previously, dualband infrared focal plane arrays (FPA), developed for multi-spectral imaging applications, have demonstrated advantages over conventional multi-FPA sensor configurations in compactness and band-to-band pixel registration. In addition, clualband and multiband FPA architectures of Quantum Structure Infrared Photodetector (QSIP) technology would enable applications beyond simple multi-spectral imaging. For example, In the case of dual- (or multi-) waveband FPAs, the different grating orders can be paired with the FPA wavebands, allowing high efficiency hyperspectral imaging over very broad wavelength regions. Exploiting the "third dimension" of FPA detecting layers for this type of hyperspectral application has been demonstrated previously. As time progresses, multi-wavelband FPAs are expected to provide an increase in spectral information at the pixel level without the need for external (e.g. dispersive) optical elements. As the number of wavebands increases to the point of providing spectral overlap of adjacent spectral resolution elements, hyperspectral capability is then achieved by the FPA acting alone. This technology may someday become possible through advanced QSIP architectures having photons of different wavelength continuously absorbed at different depths, and their resulting photocurrents isolated with a vertical grid of contacts or an equivalent mechanism for transporting depth-dependent signal photocurrent to a read-out circuit unit cell. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [LeVan, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Beecken, Brian P.] Bethel Univ, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. RP Levan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM paul.levan@kirtland.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2009.05.016 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 539GB UT WOS:000273240700030 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Hill, CJ Nguyen, J Simolon, B Woolaway, J Wang, SC Li, W LeVan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, S. D. Bandara, S. V. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Ting, D. Z. Hill, C. J. Nguyen, J. Simolon, B. Woolaway, J. Wang, S. C. Li, W. LeVan, P. D. Tidrow, M. Z. TI 1024 x 1024 Format pixel co-located simultaneously readable dual-band QWIP focal plane SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Structure Infrared Photodetector CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Yosemite, CA SP NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, NASA, AF Res Lab, NASA, Army Res Lab, NASA, Defense Adv Res Projects Agcy, NASA, Missile Defense Agcy, Calif Inst Technol, Georgia Inst Technol, FLIR, QWIPT Technol, QmagiQ Wafer Technol DE Infrared detectors; Quantum wells; QWIP; Dualband; Infrared imaging; Focal plane arrays ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; ARRAYS; CAMERA AB This paper reports the first demonstration of the megapixel-simultaneously-readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA). The dual-band QWIP device was developed by stacking two multi-quantum-well stacks tuned to absorb two different infrared wavelengths. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) band extends from 4.4 to 5.1 mu m and the FWHM of a long-wave infrared (LWIR) band extends from 7.8 to 8.8 mu m. Dual-band QWIP detector arrays were hybridized with custom fabricated direct injection read out integrated circuits (ROICs) using the indium bump hybridization technique. The initial dual-band megapixel QWIP FPAs were cooled to 70 K operating temperature. The preliminary data taken from the first megapixel QWIP FPA has shown system NE Delta T of 27 and 40 mK for MWIR and LWIR bands, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Bandara, S. V.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Ting, D. Z.; Hill, C. J.; Nguyen, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Simolon, B.; Woolaway, J.] FLIR Syst Inc, Indigo Operat, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Wang, S. C.; Li, W.] Global Commun Semicond Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. [LeVan, P. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Tidrow, M. Z.] Missile Def Agcy, AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2009.05.019 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 539GB UT WOS:000273240700036 ER PT J AU Holtz, R Pommier, S Bache, M Morrissey, R Urban, M AF Holtz, Ronald Pommier, Sylvie Bache, Martin Morrissey, Ryan Urban, Michael TI The Seventh International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holtz, Ronald] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pommier, Sylvie] LMT Cachan, Cachan, France. [Bache, Martin] Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Morrissey, Ryan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Holtz, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ronald.holtz@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 1629 EP 1629 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.02.006 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 500RP UT WOS:000270322400001 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RJ John, R Porter, WJ AF Morrissey, Ryan J. John, Reji Porter, W. John, III TI Fatigue variability of a single crystal superalloy at elevated temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Hyannis, MA DE Fatigue; Variability; Single crystal; Temperature; Superalloy ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; NI-BASE SUPERALLOY; LIFE PREDICTION; FAILURE AB In order to develop more accurate life prediction tools, an improved understanding of the variability within the fatigue behavior of a material is required. Recent work has shown multiple failure mechanisms that drive the variability in fatigue life of polycrystalline titanium and nickel materials. In addition, the bimodal behavior in the fatigue response is not readily apparent when only a very small number of specimens are tested at each loading condition, as is normal practice. The objective of this work was to investigate the fatigue variability of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy at elevated temperature. PWA1484, a second generation single crystal alloy developed for advanced turbine airfoil applications, was the material of choice for this investigation. A large number of fatigue tests were performed at one condition (stress level, stress ratio, frequency and temperature) to determine the variability and identify the sources of uncertainty in life. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the relationship between failure mechanisms and variability. Crack growth analyses were used to predict lowest life estimates and were compared to experimental data. The results show large variability in fatigue life at fairly high stresses. Evaluation of the fracture surfaces indicated that microstructural features such as carbides and eutectics were responsible for the failures. In addition, the size of the feature responsible for fatigue failure could not be directly related to the fatigue life. The lowest expected life based on fatigue crack growth analyses did agree with the shortest life found experimentally. However, more testing and analysis is required. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morrissey, Ryan J.; John, Reji] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RKLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Porter, W. John, III] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RKLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.morrissey@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 1758 EP 1763 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.03.013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 500RP UT WOS:000270322400017 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ John, R Porter, WJ AF Golden, Patrick J. John, Reji Porter, W. John, III TI Variability in room temperature fatigue life of alpha plus beta processed Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Hyannis, MA DE Fatigue nucleation; Fatigue crack growth; Life variability; Ti-6Al-4V; Small crack growth ID PREDICTION AB The variability in fatigue behavior is often what drives the design of components such as turbine engine blades and disks. These components are critical and must be designed with a very low probability of failure over the lifetime of the system. To meet that design criterion, the lower limit of fatigue life capability is typically used. The challenge is to reliably predict the lower limit of fatigue behavior. This study investigates the fatigue variability of an alpha + beta processed Ti-6Al-4V turbine engine alloy by conducting a statistically significant number of repeated tests at a few conditions. Testing includes three conditions including two maximum stresses, 675 and 635 MPa; and two surface conditions, electropolished and low stress grinding. All tests are constant amplitude with a stress ratio of 0.1. A similar approach has been performed on several other turbine engine material systems often revealing a bimodal behavior. It is proposed that crack propagation using small crack growth data can be used to predict the low life behavior mode and is demonstrated with the Ti-6Al-4V data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Golden, Patrick J.; John, Reji] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Porter, W. John, III] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 1764 EP 1770 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.01.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 500RP UT WOS:000270322400018 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Boatz, JA DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. Boatz, J. A. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Garscadden, A. TI Condensation reaction of C4H4+ with pyridine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Proton transfer; Charge transfer; Condensation; Isotope effect; GAMESS ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FOCK PERTURBATION-THEORY; GAS-PHASE; OPEN-SHELL; HARTREE-FOCK; ION; GRADIENT; SPECTRA AB C4H4+ reacts with pyridine (C5H5N) via the channels of proton transfer, charge transfer and condensation with H-elimination. The condensation reaction is of general interest in terms of basic chemistry and is the focus of the present study. By means of theoretical calculations and Fourier transform mass spectrometer experiments using deuterated pyridine and substituted pyridines, the structure of the product ion and the reaction pathways are investigated. From the experimental results we find that-the H atom that is eliminated can originate from either pyridine or C4H4+. The experiments show that elimination of an H atom from C4H4+ is preferred and that there is an observable kinetic isotope effect. By replacing H atoms with methyl groups in ortho positions of pyridine, the experimental results also suggest possible steric blocking to the condensation. Based on the experimental observations and results of theoretical calculations of several possible structures of intermediates, transition states, and final product ions, a possible reaction scheme for the condensation-H-elimination is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.; Garscadden, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiao, C. Q.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Boatz, J. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH; Engineer Research and Development Center, Vickburg, MS, DOD Supercomputing Resource Centers FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. Grants of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, and the Engineer Research and Development Center, Vickburg, MS, DOD Supercomputing Resource Centers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 288 IS 1-3 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2009.07.009 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 523XO UT WOS:000272108600004 ER PT J AU Ol, MV Eldredge, JD Wang, CJ AF Ol, Michael V. Eldredge, Jeff D. Wang, Chengjie TI High-Amplitude Pitch of a Flat Plate: an Abstraction of Perching and Flapping SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article AB We compare water tunnel experiment and 2D vortex-particle computation for a generalization of the classical problem of flat-plate constant-rate pitch and related motions, at frequencies and Reynolds numbers relevant to Micro Air Vehicle applications. The motivation is problems of maneuvering, perching and gust response. All of the examined flows evince a strong leading edge vortex. Increasing pitch rate tends to tighten the leading edge vortex and to produce a trailing-edge vortex system dominated by a counter-rotating pair. Pitch pivot point location is crucial to the leading edge vortex size and formation history, and to its subsequent behavior in convecting over the airfoil suction-side. Despite the respective limitations of the experiment and computations, agreement in vorticity fields between the two at an overlapping case at Re = 10,000 is good, whence it is possible to use the computation to obtain integrated force data unavailable in the experiment. These were studied for Re= 100 and 1000. Lift prediction from the computation shows a direct proportionality of lift to the pitch rate on the pitch upstroke. Finally, we compare pitch vs. plunge, and find that quasi-steady prediction is reasonably successful in predicting a combined pitch-plunge that effectively cancels the leading edge vortex, but not in canceling the trailing vortex system. C1 [Ol, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Eldredge, Jeff D.; Wang, Chengjie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ol, MV (reprint author), AFRL VAAA, Air Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 45,2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil; eldredge@seas.ucla.edu RI Eldredge, Jeff/B-6837-2009 OI Eldredge, Jeff/0000-0002-2672-706X NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1260/175682909789996186 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V24QW UT WOS:000208425900004 ER PT J AU Pocock, GM Aranibar, RG Kemp, NJ Specht, CS Markey, MK Rylander, HG AF Pocock, Ginger M. Aranibar, Roberto G. Kemp, Nate J. Specht, Charles S. Markey, Mia K. Rylander, H. Grady, III TI The Relationship between Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Constituents and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Birefringence in the Primate SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; THICKNESS; POLARIMETRY; GLAUCOMA AB PURPOSE. To determine the degree of correlation between spatial characteristics of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) birefringence (Delta n(RNFL)) surrounding the optic nerve head (ONH) with the corresponding anatomy of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and their respective organelles. METHODS. RNFL phase retardation per unit depth (PR/UD, proportional to Delta n(RNFL)) was measured in two cynomolgus monkeys by enhanced polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (EPS-OCT). The monkeys were perfused with glutaraldehyde and the eyes were enucleated and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) histologic analysis. Morphologic measurements from TEM images were used to estimate neurotubule density (rho(RNFL)), axoplasmic area (A(x)) mode, axon area (A(a)) mode, slope (u) of the number of neurotubules versus axoplasmic area (neurotubule packing density), fractional area of axoplasm in the nerve fiber bundle (f), mitochondrial fractional area in the nerve fiber bundle (x(m)), mitochondria-containing axon profile fraction (m(p)), and length of axonal membrane profiles per unit of nerve fiber bundle area (L(am)/A(b)()). Registered PR/UD and morphologic parameters from corresponding angular sections were then correlated by using Pearson's correlation and multilevel models. RESULTS. In one eye there was a statistically significant correlation between PR/UD and rho(RNFL) (r = 0.67, P = 0.005) and between PR/UD and neurotubule packing density (r = 0.70, P = 0.002). Correlation coefficients of r = 0.81 (P = 0.01) and r = 0.50 (P = 0.05) were observed between the PR/UD and A x modes for each respective subject. CONCLUSIONS. Neurotubules are the primary source of birefringence in the RNFL of the primate retina. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:5238-5246) DOI:10.1167/iovs.08-3263 C1 [Pocock, Ginger M.; Aranibar, Roberto G.; Kemp, Nate J.; Rylander, H. Grady, III] Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Engn Laser Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Markey, Mia K.] Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Informat Lab, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pocock, Ginger M.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Specht, Charles S.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Rylander, HG (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Engn Laser Labs, 1 Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rylander@mail.utexas.edu OI Markey, Mia/0000-0001-8186-4959 FU National Eye Institute [R01EY016462-01A1]; Long Term Full Time Program [BV0700313000] FX Supported by Grant R01EY016462-01A1 from the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health and Long Term Full Time Program Grant BV0700313000. Any opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are not necessarily endorsed by the U. S. Air Force. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 50 IS 11 BP 5238 EP 5246 DI 10.1167/iovs.08-3263 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 514XH UT WOS:000271429200029 PM 19494208 ER PT J AU Northington, JS AF Northington, Jay S. TI Basis Vector Quantification of Flutter Analysis Structural Modes SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A method to concisely quantify. compare, and identify mode shapes for flutter analysis using orthogonalized basis vectors is developed. The procedure numerically describes wing structural mode shapes as scalar projections onto a reduced set of basis vectors. The basis vectors are baseline wing shapes derived from the mode shapes of it reference wing model. and mode shapes from other wing models are concisely related to the basis vectors using the scalar projections. The resulting quantifier describes file wing modes in terms of the physical wing shapes from the reference model. The technique is demonstrated oil it simple wing model front which the basis vectors are derived. Mass elements are added to the wing in four different configurations to produce various mode shapes for comparison to the basis set. These mode shapes are quantified in terms of basis vector components that are expressed concisely in matrix form. Visual comparisons of the mode shapes to the basis vectors show that the numeric characterizations are consistent with file visual interpretations. Comparison of the four configuration to one another indicates that the numeric components distinguish subtle differences in wing deformation as well as differences in the overall shape of the deformed wing. C1 [Northington, Jay S.] TYBRIN Corp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Northington, JS (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2107 EP 2114 DI 10.2514/1.42591 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532CS UT WOS:000272722300026 ER PT J AU Blake, W Gotwald, C Mayor, M Cunningham, T AF Blake, William Gotwald, Carl Mayor, Michael Cunningham, Thomas TI Lateral Stability of High Wing Configurations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 [Blake, William] USAF, Res Lab, Dept Aeronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80848 USA. RP Blake, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Aeronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2176 EP 2178 DI 10.2514/1.44911 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532CS UT WOS:000272722300037 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Zhang, YL Kozyra, JU Albert, J Bortnik, J Gallagher, DL Kessel, RL AF Zheng, Yihua Zhang, Yongliang Kozyra, Janet U. Albert, Jay Bortnik, Jacob Gallagher, Dennis L. Kessel, Ramona L. TI Toward an integrated view of inner magnetosphere and radiation belts Preface SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zheng, Yihua; Zhang, Yongliang] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kozyra, Janet U.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Albert, Jay] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Bortnik, Jacob] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gallagher, Dennis L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kessel, Ramona L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zheng, YH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM yihua.zheng@jhuapl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 71 IS 16 BP 1613 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.04.013 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512KY UT WOS:000271249000001 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ Lin, CS AF Huang, C. Y. Burke, W. J. Lin, C. S. TI Two observed consequences of penetration electric fields SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Penetration electric fields; Magnetic storms; Low-latitude precipitation; Particle trajectories ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC STORM; SPREAD-F; JUNE 4-6; DMSP; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB The influence of penetration electric fields (PEF) on storm-time energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere and on the stability of plasma in the low-latitude ionosphere is widely recognized. We describe two consequences of PEFs, regularly observed during magnetic storms that indicate their persistence throughout the main phases. These are (1) the presence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) across the evening local time sector during main phases and their absence throughout recovery, and (2) detections of low-energy ion precipitation in the dawn sector equatorward of the auroral electron boundary. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, C. Y.; Burke, W. J.; Lin, C. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL RVBXP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311SDA3]; AF [FAS718-04-C-0055, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX Support for the presented work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Task 2311SDA3, and AF Contracts FAS718-04-C-0055 and FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 71 IS 16 BP 1614 EP 1622 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.018 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512KY UT WOS:000271249000002 ER PT J AU Albert, JM Shprits, YY AF Albert, J. M. Shprits, Y. Y. TI Estimates of lifetimes against pitch angle diffusion SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Pitch angle diffusion; Lifetime; Decay rate ID MAGNETOSPHERE; COEFFICIENTS; ELECTRONS; WAVES AB We consider timescales on which particle distributions respond to pitch angle diffusion. On the longest timescale, the distribution decays at a single rate independent of equatorial pitch angle alpha(0), even though the diffusion coefficient, and the distribution itself, may vary greatly with alpha(0). We derive a simple integral expression to approximate this decay rate and show that it gives good agreement with the full expression. The roles of both the minimum and loss cone values of the diffusion coefficient are demonstrated and clarified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Albert, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Shprits, Y. Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; yshprits@atmos.ucla.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA [NNX08AF34G, NNX06AB84G1] FX We thank Michael Schulz for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and by NASA grants NNX08AF34G and NNX06AB84G. NR 17 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 71 IS 16 SI SI BP 1647 EP 1652 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.004 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512KY UT WOS:000271249000006 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, Jay M. TI The coupling of quasi-linear pitch angle and energy diffusion SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cross diffusion; Diffusion coefficients; Wave-particle interactions ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; RESONANT DIFFUSION; MAGNETOSPHERE; COEFFICIENTS; EQUATIONS; CHORUS AB Wave-particle interactions are described in the quasi-linear formulation by bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for equatorial pitch angle alpha(0) and for momentum p, along with a mixed or cross diffusion coefficient D(alpha 0p). Because the cross terms complicate the associated time-dependent diffusion equation, and because D(alpha 0p) has a somewhat unfamiliar character (e.g., it may be negative), it has frequently been omitted in numerical simulations of multidimensional diffusion. Generally, D(alpha 0p) becomes increasingly important for small values of f(pe)/f(ce) as does D(pp), and for small widths of the wave frequency and wavenormal angle distributions. Here we use very simple models of diffusion to investigate the effect of the cross terms, and to demonstrate numerical problems associated with them. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 71 IS 16 BP 1664 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.11.014 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512KY UT WOS:000271249000008 ER PT J AU Nelson, A Torres, DM Morgan, AE Fincke, C Harrison, SA AF Nelson, Austin Torres, Dawn M. Morgan, Ana E. Fincke, Christopher Harrison, Stephen A. TI A Pilot Study Using Simvastatin in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; statin; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; randomized controlled trial ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM LEPTIN; ATORVASTATIN TREATMENT; METABOLIC SYNDROME; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; OBESE-PATIENTS; VITAMIN-E; ADIPONECTIN; NASH AB Goals: This Study was designed to assess the utility of statin therapy in patients with biopsy proven nonalcoholic steatohepatilis (NASH) and hvperlipidemia. Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, has become a growing public health concern. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a subset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease manifested by hepatic fatty infiltration and inflammation which may progress to cirrhosis and its Subsequent complication, to include hepatocellular carcinoma. As the metabolic syndrome is thought to be central in the pathogenesis of NASH, it has been speculated that medications that improve metabolic profiles may be beneficial in treatment. In fact, recent studies have demonstrated potential benefit of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins), which Lire used in clinical practice to improve lipid panels. Study: This double-blinded randomized placebo-con trolled trial compared the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, with placebo in the treatment of NASH over a 12-month period using serum aminotransferases and repeat liver biopsy to assess for improvement. Results: Sixteen patients with biopsy proven NASH were enrolled: 14 completed the study and 10 underwent I-year repeat liver biopsy. Mean age: 53 years (+/- 10.1), mean body mass index: 32.4 (+/- 6.1) with 11 male and 5 female patients. Although a 26% reduction in low-density lipoprotein was seen in the simvastatin group compared with placebo, there was no statistically significant improvement ill Serum aminotransferases, hepatic steatosis necroinflammatory activity or stage of fibrosis within or between groups. Conclusions: In this pilot trial. monotherapy with simvastatin does not seem to be an effective treatment for NASH. C1 [Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Div Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Morgan, Ana E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Nelson, Austin] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Div Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 39 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 10 BP 990 EP 994 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 513FF UT WOS:000271307200019 PM 19448566 ER PT J AU Choi, W Tuteja, A Mabry, JM Cohen, RE McKinley, GH AF Choi, Wonjae Tuteja, Anish Mabry, Joseph M. Cohen, Robert E. McKinley, Gareth H. TI A modified Cassie-Baxter relationship to explain contact angle hysteresis and anisotropy on non-wetting textured surfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cassie-Baxter relation; Contact angle hysteresis; Anisotropic wettability; Roll-off angle; Triple-phase contact line ID LIQUID-DROPS; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; ROUGH SURFACES; SOLID-SURFACES; WENZEL; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; WETTABILITY; RETENTION; MCCARTHY; DROPLETS AB The Cassie-Baxter model is widely used to predict the apparent contact angles obtained on composite (solid-liquid-air) superhydrophobic interfaces. However, the validity of this model has been repeatedly challenged by various research groups because of its inherent inability to predict contact angle hysteresis. In our recent work, we have developed robust omniphobic surfaces which repel a wide range of liquids. An interesting corollary of constructing such surfaces is that it becomes possible to directly image the solid-liquid-air triple-phase contact line on a composite interface, using an electron microscope with non-volatile organic liquids or curable polymers. Here, we fabricate a range of model superoleophobic surfaces with controlled surface topography in order to correlate the details of the local texture with the experimentally observed apparent contact angles. Based on these experiments, in conjunction with numerical simulations, we modify the classical Cassie-Baxter relation to include a local differential texture parameter which enables us to quantitatively predict the apparent advancing and receding contact angles, as well as contact angle hysteresis. This quantitative prediction also allows us to provide an a priori estimation of roll-off angles for a given textured substrate. Using this understanding we design model substrates that display extremely small or extremely large roll-off angles, as well as surfaces that demonstrate direction-dependent wettability, through a systematic control of surface topography and connectivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuteja, Anish; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Choi, Wonjae; McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cohen, RE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM recohen@mit.edu; gareth@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9300-06 M-T015]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0272, LRIR-92PL0COR] FX This research has been supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract No. FA9300-06 M-T015 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract no. FA9550-07-1-0272 and LRIR-92PL0COR. We also thank Prof. M. F. Rubner and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) at MIT for the use of various lab facilities. NR 49 TC 198 Z9 198 U1 19 U2 194 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 339 IS 1 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.027 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 526BQ UT WOS:000272262900026 PM 19683717 ER PT J AU Mall, S Ouper, BL Fielding, JC AF Mall, S. Ouper, B. L. Fielding, J. C. TI Compression Strength Degradation of Nanocomposites after Lightning Strike SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; lightening strike; compression; damage mechanisms ID COMPOSITES AB This study investigated five conductive nanocomposites for their compressive strength degradation after subjecting them to a simulated lightning strike. These systems consisted of a ply of nickel-coated carbon woven fabric as lightning strike protection component besides the four plies of standard carbon fibers (AS4) fabric embedded in the epoxy (EPON 862). The other four systems had an additional protection system, which was nickel-nanostrand veil (NiNS), aligned buckypaper, random buckypaper, or mixed buckypaper made up of vapor-grown carbon fibers and single-walled nanotubes. All other buckypapers were made of single-walled nanotubes. Failure and damage mechanisms were also investigated. The ultimate compressive strength reduced by about 75-30% from a simulated lightning strike. This reduction as well as the damage was maximum with NiNS and minimum with random buckypaper. Damage from the lightning strike was related to the electrical conductivity and degradation in the compressive strength of the tested systems. C1 [Mall, S.; Ouper, B. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fielding, J. C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 2987 EP 3001 DI 10.1177/0021998309345337 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 516VY UT WOS:000271572600008 ER PT J AU deWeber, K Beutler, A AF deWeber, Kevin Beutler, Anthony TI Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Ask athletes these 9 questions SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 [deWeber, Kevin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, USA, Bethesda, MD USA. [Beutler, Anthony] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, USAF, Bethesda, MD USA. RP deWeber, K (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, USA, Bethesda, MD USA. EM abeutler@usuhs.mil NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 58 IS 11 BP 576 EP 584 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V18IT UT WOS:000207999200003 PM 19891935 ER PT J AU Mann, RW AF Mann, Robert W. TI A Method for Articulating and Displaying the Human Spine SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; human spine; physical anthropology; human skeleton; vertebra AB An inexpensive and effective method for articulating a dry human spine is described. By constructing a Styrofoam(TM) spine tray, analysts can now accurately position and align each vertebra in correct anatomical order, allow for gaps because of missing vertebrae, and lay out the spine for documentation and photography. The spine tray provides analysts with a quick, easy, and professional quality method for aligning and orienting the human spine in the field and laboratory. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Mann, RW (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM robert.mann@jpac.pacom.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1230 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01145.x PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 509ZS UT WOS:000271058400004 PM 19732275 ER PT J AU Richie, DJ Lappas, VJ Wie, B AF Richie, David J. Lappas, Vaios J. Wie, Bong TI Practical Steering Law for Small Satellite Energy Storage and Attitude Control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS ID CONTROL-MOMENT GYROS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; SPACECRAFT; DESIGN; POWER AB Recent practical work in developing combined energy storage and attitude control subsystems for small satellites has opened the door to more complex, demanding space missions. Laden with substantial benefits, these efforts use variable-speed control moment gyroscopes to store and drain energy while controlling satellite orientation. The full nonlinear equations for simultaneous control of gimbal and wheel motors for this system were theoretically unraveled in previous work but assumed that a single computer dictates the commands to these motors at each time step. This method renders it impossible to control the wheel and gimbal motors separately: a requirement for immediate flywheel implementation in contemporary satellite energy storage subsystems. Such isolated flywheel control would impart disturbance torques from torquing the wheel motors through passive electronic circuits. This torque then must be accommodated by the gimbal steering law, which is also tasked with slewing the satellite. To address this need, a novel gimbal steering law is derived to permit independent gimbal and wheel control of the actuators with continued singularity avoidance: a situation that allows direct incorporation of such a system into an existing small satellite energy storage subsystem. C1 [Richie, David J.; Lappas, Vaios J.] Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Wie, Bong] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richie, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM d_j_richie@yahoo.com; v.lappas@surrey.ac.uk; bong.wie@iastate.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1898 EP 1911 DI 10.2514/1.41968 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 527KV UT WOS:000272366900017 ER PT J AU Joo, JJ Reich, GW Westfall, JT AF Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. Westfall, James T. TI Flexible Skin Development for Morphing Aircraft Applications via Topology Optimization SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE morphing aircraft; homogenization method; multi-functional skin; flexible skin; topology optimization ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; DESIGN AB This article describes the development of engineered composite skins for morphing aircraft applications. Some of these applications suggest that materials with low in-plane stiffness and relatively high out-of-plane stiffness may be required. To this end, a two-step design process has been developed in order to synthesize skins to meet these requirements. The first step in the process is to determine bulk material properties for the skin and the layout of attachments between the skin and underlying substructure. This results in a distribution of bulk properties across the skin. The second step utilizes these property values as constraints to match the found bulk property in a multi-phase material optimization in order to determine the layout of a set of microscopic multi-phase material unit cells. As a first attempt, a 2D engineered skin design using a proposed two-step process is demonstrated in this article, and material fabrication process using a rapid prototyping (RP) technique and test result are discussed. C1 [Joo, James J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Reich, Gregory W.; Westfall, James T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM james.joo@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 16 BP 1969 EP 1985 DI 10.1177/1045389X09343026 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 509CV UT WOS:000270992000006 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Goecke, K Cable, K Baur, J AF Tandon, G. P. Goecke, K. Cable, K. Baur, J. TI Durability Assessment of Styrene- and Epoxy-based Shape-memory Polymer Resins SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory; styrene; epoxy; tension; fixity; recovery; conditioning ID POLYURETHANE SERIES; COMPOSITES; RECOVERY; PROGRESS; FILM AB The present study is a baseline assessment of the durability of styrene- and epoxy-based shape memory polymer resin materials being considered for morphing applications when exposed to service environment. The approach for the experimental evaluation is a measurement of the shape memory properties and elastomeric response before and after separate environmental exposure to (i) water at 49 degrees C for 4 days, (ii) in lube oil at room temperature and at 49 degrees C for 24 h, and (iii) after exposure to xenon arc (63 degrees C, 18 min water and light/102 min light only) and spectral intensity of 0.3-0.4 watts/m(2) for 125 cycles (250 h exposure time). Parameters being investigated include modulus in the rubbery and glassy state, stored strain, shape fixity, stress recovery ratio, and linear shape recovery. In addition, we monitor changes in specimen color, weight, and dimensions along with onset of damage due to conditioning and subsequent thermomechanical cycling. C1 [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K.; Baur, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cable, K.] Cornerstone Res Grp Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gyaneshwar.Tandon@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 17 BP 2127 EP 2143 DI 10.1177/1045389X09348255 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 514RV UT WOS:000271414200008 ER PT J AU Puri, S Roy, A Acharya, A Dimiduk, D AF Puri, Saurabh Roy, Anish Acharya, Amit Dimiduk, Dennis TI MODELING DISLOCATION SOURCES AND SIZE EFFECTS AT INITIAL YIELD IN CONTINUUM PLASTICITY SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE continuum plasticity; dislocations; finite elements ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; SMALL SCALES; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; POLYCRYSTALS; PREDICTIONS; COMPRESSION AB Size effects at initial yield (prior to stage II) of idealized micron-sized specimens are modeled within a continuum model of plasticity. Two different aspects are considered: specification of a density of dislocation sources that represent the emission of dislocation dipoles, and the presence of an initial, spatially inhomogeneous excess dislocation content. Discreteness of the source distribution appears to lead to a stochastic response in stress-strain curves, with the stochasticity diminishing as the number of sources increases. Variability in stress-strain response due to variations of source distribution is also shown. These size effects at initial yield are inferred to be due to physical length scales in dislocation mobility and the discrete description of sources that induce internal-stress-related effects, and not due to length-scale effects in the mean-field strain-hardening response (as represented through a constitutive equation). C1 [Puri, Saurabh] CALTECH, Dept Mech Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Roy, Anish] Univ Loughborough, Wolfson Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Acharya, Amit] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Dimiduk, Dennis] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Puri, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mech Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM saurabhp@caltech.edu; A.Roy3@lboro.ac.uk; acharyaamit@cmu.edu; dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Roy, Anish/A-4100-2010; Puri, Saurabh/G-2875-2011; Acharya, Amit/A-4706-2010; OI Acharya, Amit/0000-0002-6184-3357; Roy, Anish/0000-0001-8155-1565 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0423304]; Dowd-ICES Fellowship at CMU; Metallic Materials Division of the AFRL at WPAFB FX We thank Armand Beaudoin for discussions on dynamical sensitivity. Support for this work from the National Science Foundation ( Grant number: DMI-0423304), the Dowd-ICES Fellowship at CMU to Saurabh Puri, and the Metallic Materials Division of the AFRL at WPAFB is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1603 EP 1618 DI 10.2140/jomms.2009.4.1603 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 546SG UT WOS:000273830800006 ER PT J AU Li, YJ Pritchett, TM Shao, P Haley, JE Zhu, HJ Sun, WF AF Li, Yunjing Pritchett, Timothy M. Shao, Pin Haley, Joy E. Zhu, Hongjun Sun, Wenfang TI Excited-state absorption of mono-, di- and tri-nuclear cyclometalated platinum 4,6-diphenyl-2,2 '-bipyridyl complexes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Triplet excited-state absorption cross-section; Singlet excited-state absorption cross-section; Excited-state lifetime; Triplet quantum yield; Cyclometalated platinum(II) 4,6-diphenyl-2,2 '-bipyridyl complexes; Z-scan ID PHOTOPHYSICS AB The ground-state absorption cross-sections (sigma(g)), triplet excited-state absorption cross-section (sigma(T)) at 532 nm, singlet excited-state absorption cross-sections (sigma(s)) at various visible wavelengths, singlet and triplet excited-state lifetimes, and triplet quantum yields of three cyclometalated platinum(II) 4,6-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridyl complexes, are reported. The presence of metal-metal and pi-pi interactions in the dinuclear and trinuclear complexes results in a significant increase in their respective sigma(g)'s in the visible spectral region. As a result, the ratio of sigma(s)/sigma(g) and sigma(T)/sigma(g) at each wavelength is significantly greater for the mononuclear complex than for the dinuclear and the trinuclear complexes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yunjing; Shao, Pin; Zhu, Hongjun; Sun, Wenfang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Pritchett, Timothy M.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sun, WF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Wenfang.Sun@ndsu.edu RI shao, pin/D-5790-2011 FU NSF [CHE-0449598]; Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0032] FX W. Sun acknowledges the financial support from the NSF (CAREER CHE-0449598) and the Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-06-2-0032). NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 694 IS 23 BP 3688 EP 3691 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.07.045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 501GN UT WOS:000270369400002 ER PT J AU Knight, RB Webb, DE Coppola, CP AF Knight, Richard B. Webb, David E. Coppola, Christopher P. TI Pharyngeal perforation masquerading as esophageal atresia SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Esophagus; Pharynx; Trachea; Atresia; Fistula; Perforation ID DIAGNOSIS AB We present a case of pharyngeal perforation from a nasogastric tube mistakenly diagnosed as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in a full term infant female. The correct diagnosis was identified with rigid bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy immediately prior to the planned thoracotomy which was aborted. After one week of oral restriction and antibiotics, the healed perforation did not demonstrate leakage on a contrasted pharyngoesophagogram and bottle feeds were initiated. The infant was discharged to home on day of life 13 without any further complications. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Coppola, Christopher P.] Geisinger Med Ctr, Danville, PA 17821 USA. [Knight, Richard B.; Webb, David E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78246 USA. RP Coppola, CP (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Danville, PA 17821 USA. EM ccoppola@pol.net OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2216 EP 2218 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.050 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 553UZ UT WOS:000274393600028 PM 19944236 ER PT J AU Brown, DL Larson, CW Beal, BE Gallimore, AD AF Brown, Daniel L. Larson, C. William Beal, Brian E. Gallimore, Alec D. TI Methodology and Historical Perspective of a Hall Thruster Efficiency Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS; CLOSED-DRIFT THRUSTERS; PERFORMANCE; ACCELERATION; PARAMETERS; PLUME AB A Hall thruster performance architecture was developed based on separation of the total thrust directed along thruster centerline into mass-weighted and momentum-weighted terms. With this formulation, the total thruster efficiency equation was analytically decomposed to explicitly account for the effects of energy conversion losses, plume divergence, and the velocity distribution function of the propellant jet. Thruster efficiency is defined as the product of 1) energy efficiency, 2) propellant efficiency, and 3) beam efficiency. Energy efficiency comprises losses due to ionization processes and losses that manifest as Joule heating, and contains no information about the vector properties of the jet. Propellant efficiency incorporates losses from dispersion in the jet composition and is unity for 100% ionization to a single ion species. The effect of neutrals on dispersion of the jet velocity distribution function in propellant efficiency is introduced in the neutral-gain utilization. The beam efficiency accounts for divergence of the jet and is ideal when the ion velocity vectors are parallel to the thrust axis. Plume divergence is defined as a momentum-weighted term, and the approximation as a charge-weighted term is characterized. The efficiency architecture is derived from first principles and is applicable to all propulsion employing electrostatic acceleration, including Hall thrusters and ion thrusters. Distinctions and similarities to several past methodologies are discussed, including past ion thruster analyses, early Russian performance studies, and contemporary architectures. To illustrate the potential for enhanced understanding of loss mechanisms and ionization processes with an array of far-field plume diagnostics, a case study is presented of low-discharge voltage operation from a 6 kW laboratory Hall thruster. C1 [Brown, Daniel L.; Larson, C. William; Beal, Brian E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Spacecraft Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Horace H Rackham Sch Grad Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brown, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Spacecraft Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Daniel.Brown@edwards.af.mil; Carl.Larson@edwards.af.mil; Brain.Beal@edwards.af.mil; Alec.Gallimore@umich.edu NR 76 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1177 DI 10.2514/1.38092 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 529DY UT WOS:000272497300002 ER PT J AU Hengeveld, DW Braun, JE Groll, EA Williams, AD AF Hengeveld, Derek W. Braun, James E. Groll, Eckhard A. Williams, Andrew D. TI Hot- and Cold-Case Orbits for Robust Thermal Control SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 49th Structures, Structural Dynamic and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Schaumburg, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID REMOTE-SENSING SATELLITE; DESIGN AB Realizing cheaper, more flexible alternatives to traditional satellites requires robust design approaches. Robust satellite subsystems are designed to meet a broad range of mission requirements; consequently, they drastically reduce nonrecurring engineering costs and greatly diminish design, development, assembly, integration, and test schedules. Robust thermal control subsystems must be capable of handling a broad range of thermal environments, thus reducing design and development costs but can be susceptible to overdesign. Therefore, improved design methodologies are needed to maintain their advantages while minimizing excessive design. As a first step, design hot- and cold-case orbits should be examined. The primary goal of the study described in this paper was to identify single hot- and cold-case design orbits that work well in the design of robust thermal control subsystems over a wide range of satellite surface properties and likely operating environments. A general approach was developed to identify worst-case orbits that employ a combination of statistical and historical data such that statistically insignificant orbits are disregarded. Using this method, individual hot- and cold-case design orbits were found at beta angle/inclination combinations of 72 deg/52 deg and 0 deg/28 deg, respectively. The use of these design orbits works well for a wide range of different satellite surface properties. C1 [Hengeveld, Derek W.; Braun, James E.; Groll, Eckhard A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hengeveld, DW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Martin Jischke Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1260 DI 10.2514/1.44468 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 534NE UT WOS:000272903600017 ER PT J AU Clement, NF Kendall, BS AF Clement, Nathan F. Kendall, Brian S. TI Effect of Light on Vitamin B12 and Folate SO LABMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STABILITY AB Background: Laboratory specimens submitted for assessment of vitamin: B12 and folate have traditionally been light-protected, although this practice is based on limited data. Methods: This study compared changes in assayed values for B12 and folate from 25 healthy human volunteers when measured at 1, 2, and 7 days with both light-protection and light-exposure, Results: For 812, there was an average. decrease of 7.5% at 7 days when light protected and a 7.7% decrease-wheri light-exposed, while folate showed a 1.7% average decrease when light-exposed and a 1.0%, decrease when light-protected. Neither of these values differed significantly between light-exposed or light-protected. Conclusions: This study demonstrates there is no need to light-protect specimens prior to vitamin 812 and folate analysis. C1 [Clement, Nathan F.; Kendall, Brian S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Clement, NF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LABMEDICINE JI Labmedicine PD NOV PY 2009 VL 40 IS 11 BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.1309/LMWD82YZ7QZPSNQP PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 513GG UT WOS:000271310000004 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Srinivasan, R Banerjee, R Viswanathan, GB Toby, B Fraser, HL AF Tiley, J. Srinivasan, R. Banerjee, R. Viswanathan, G. B. Toby, B. Fraser, H. L. TI Application of X-ray and neutron diffraction to determine lattice parameters and precipitate volume fractions in low misfit nickel base superalloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Neutron diffraction; Nickel base superalloys; Lattice parameter ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY; THERMAL-EXPANSION; GAMMA'-PHASE; SC16; RELAXATION; STRESS; DT AB Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction techniques are employed to characterise the lattice parameters and volume fraction of gamma and gamma' phases in a high strength nickel base superalloy. Samples of Rene88DT were solutionised at 1150 degrees C and cooled under three different rates to provide fine and coarse gamma' size distributions. Samples were aged at 760 degrees C to precipitate tertiary gamma' and coarsen secondary precipitates. Lattice parameter misfit and coefficient of thermal expansion parameters were also determined. Results indicate significant microstructure changes within the samples during the initial 25 h of aging. C1 [Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Met Branch, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45309 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Toby, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 FU Centre for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at the Ohio State University; Centre for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas FX The present work was conducted as part of the joint research of the Alloy Development Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, The Ohio State University Materials Science and Engineering Department, and the Materials Department at the University of North Texas. The support and facilities from the Centre for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at the Ohio State University and the Centre for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas are gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 EI 1743-2847 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1374 DI 10.1179/174328409X399010 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 523CM UT WOS:000272049300015 ER PT J AU Jha, SK John, R Larsen, JM AF Jha, S. K. John, R. Larsen, J. M. TI Nominal vs Local Shot-Peening Effects on Fatigue Lifetime in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo at Elevated Temperature SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENTS; RESIDUAL-STRESS RELAXATION; STRENGTH ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CRACK INITIATION; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; PREDICTION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; PROPAGATION; TI-6AL-4V AB A study is presented of elevated temperature (260 degrees C) fatigue lifetime variability in the shot-peered condition of the alpha + beta titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo. It is shown that failures separate into two distributions: (1) governed by the nominal residual stress (RS) profile, promoting subsurface crack initiation and longer lifetimes: and (2) life-limiting behavior that is controlled by localized material-shot-peering interaction. In the residual-stress-free condition, failures occurred predominantly by surface crack initiation at the microstructural scale, on the order of 10 mu m, by crystallographic facet formation in one or a few alpha particles or colonies. This mechanism was mitigated tinder the nominal shot-peering (SP) RS profile, producing failures initiating from the subsurface region by crystallographic faceting spread over a significantly larger area (equivalent diameter of about 100 to 200 mu m) than in the absence of RS. Although the microstructure-scale Surface-crack initiation was suppressed, the life-limiting failures tinder SP continued to Occur by surface initiation, but through an apparently larger crack initiation size by formation of a flat, noncrystallographic fracture area (equivalent diameter of about 60 to 200 mu m) at the crack origin. C1 [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [John, R.; Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sushant.jha@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 40A IS 11 BP 2675 EP 2684 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-9931-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 501XA UT WOS:000270416300017 ER PT J AU Eckert, SM Warner, M Keeney, JA AF Eckert, Susan M. Warner, Meredith Keeney, James A. TI Femoral Head Osteonecrosis in Military Training Recruits: A Report of Two Cases SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONTRAUMATIC AVASCULAR NECROSIS; BONE-MARROW EDEMA; CORE DECOMPRESSION; STRESS-FRACTURES; HIP; PREDICTION; COLLAPSE; IMAGES; NECK; PAIN C1 [Eckert, Susan M.] SUNY Buffalo, Off Med Educ, Sch Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Warner, Meredith; Keeney, James A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Eckert, SM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Off Med Educ, Sch Med, 3435 Main St,Rm 40 BEB, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 174 IS 11 BP 1231 EP 1236 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LL UT WOS:000278060900019 PM 19960835 ER PT J AU Mathews, K Dishaw, J Wager, N Prins, N AF Mathews, Kirk Dishaw, James Wager, Nicholas Prins, Nicholas TI Adaptive Partial-Current Discrete Ordinates Radiation Transport with Distribution Iteration: An Alternative to Source Iteration SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; UNSTRUCTURED TETRAHEDRAL MESHES; SLAB GEOMETRY; EQUATIONS AB Our partial-current-transport (PCT) approach uses the partial currents through the faces of cells in a spatial grid as the unknowns in a linear algebra problem. Emission and externally incident currents are the knowns. The coefficient matrix is determined by boundary conditions and transport within cells. Adaptive PCT models include within-cell flux-distribution parameters that are found by distribution iteration (DI). Upon convergence, scalar fluxes are computed. We develop the approach in general and derive (in slab geometry) a fixed-coefficient PCT diffusion method and an adaptive PCT discrete ordinates method. A parallelized direct solver is used for the large but very sparse linear algebra problem that couples all the cells. Matrix inversion is used for the dense but small within-cell problems. These direct solvers eliminate scattering source iteration (SI). Though requiring more storage, much or most of the computational effort is pleasingly parallel, making the method attractive for large parallel machines with large memories. In comparing our slab geometry implementation with PARTISN we observed that DI used as many or fewer iterations than SI and succeeded where SI failed, whether alone or with diffusion synthetic acceleration or transport synthetic acceleration. We conclude that DI for adaptive PCT holds great promise as an alternative to SI and its accelerators. C1 [Mathews, Kirk; Dishaw, James; Wager, Nicholas; Prins, Nicholas] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mathews, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kirk.Mathews@afit.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology; U.S. Air Force; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Government FX This work was conducted at the Air Force Institute of Technology as part of the official duties of the authors. Required disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 163 IS 3 BP 191 EP 214 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 552TC UT WOS:000274315500001 ER PT J AU Blackham, JT Vandewalle, KS Lien, W AF Blackham, J. T. Vandewalle, K. S. Lien, W. TI Properties of Hybrid Resin Composite Systems Containing Prepolymerized Filler Particles SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE; DENTAL COMPOSITES AB This study compared the properties of newer hybrid resin composites with prepolymerized-filler particles to traditional hybrids and a microfill composite. The following properties were examined per composite: diametral tensile strength, flexural strength/modulus, Knoop microhardness and polymerization shrinkage. Physical properties were determined for each composite group (n=8), showing significant differences between groups per property (p<0.001). In general, the traditional hybrid composites (Z250, Esthet-X) had higher strength, composites containing pre-polymerized fillers (Gradia Direct Posterior, Premise) performed more moderately and the microfill composite (Durafill VS) had lower strength. Premise and Durafill VS had the lowest polymerization shrinkage. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@lackland.af.mil NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.2341/08-118-L PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 526DP UT WOS:000272268200010 PM 19953779 ER PT J AU Kanner, GS Marable, ML Singh, NB Berghmans, A Kahler, D Wagner, B Lin, A Fejer, MM Harris, JS Schepler, KL AF Kanner, Gary S. Marable, Michael L. Singh, Narsingh B. Berghmans, Andre Kahler, David Wagner, Brian Lin, Angie Fejer, Martin M. Harris, James S. Schepler, Kenneth L. TI Optical probes of orientation-patterned ZnSe quasi-phase-matched devices SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE orientation patterning; quasi-phase-matching; zinc selenide epitaxy; nonlinear optical frequency conversion; optical parametric amplification ID GAAS AB Orientation-patterned zinc selenide (OPZnSe) is a unique quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical material for enabling frequency conversion from visible to long-wave infrared wavelengths. We have fabricated and tested OPZnSe devices over a wide spectral range. Single-crystal OPZnSe films of greater than 1 mm thickness were grown and characterized for optical loss showing an attenuation coefficient less than 0.05 cm(-1) from 1 to 12 mu m. We demonstrated nonlinear frequency conversion in the near infrared, mid-infrared, and long-wave infrared in these devices through a variety of nonlinear optical mixing processes. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3257266] C1 [Kanner, Gary S.; Marable, Michael L.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. [Singh, Narsingh B.; Berghmans, Andre; Kahler, David; Wagner, Brian] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Lin, Angie; Fejer, Martin M.; Harris, James S.] Stanford Univ, EL Gintzon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schepler, Kenneth L.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kanner, GS (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 600 Hicks Rd, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. EM gary.kanner@ngc.com RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU AFRL [F33615-02-2-1111]; Northrop Grumman internal research and development FX We thank George Tietz and Dr. Rita Peterson of AFRL/SNJW for their guidance, and Sean P. Kelley and Chuck Link for their help with measurements. This work was funded by AFRL Contract No. F33615-02-2-1111 and Northrop Grumman internal research and development. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 AR 114201 DI 10.1117/1.3257266 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 538UW UT WOS:000273210600011 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Brown, JA Tremer, ME Uber, C Gallagher, EE Collins, SR Benoit, MR Miniscalco, W AF Lane, Steven A. Brown, Jacob A. Tremer, Megan E. Uber, Craig Gallagher, Elizabeth E. Collins, Steven R. Benoit, Michael R. Miniscalco, William TI Radiation testing of liquid crystal optical devices for space laser communication SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE liquid crystal; optical phased array; spatial light modulator; space environment; radiation effects; laser communications AB Liquid crystal optical phased arrays are an enabling technology for a variety of photonic and electronic beam manipulation functions, including steering, control of polarization, and amplitude and phase modulation. For applications in the emerging field of space laser communications, such devices would need to survive in the space environment for 10 to 15 years. To assess suitability and identify potential issues, a series of experiments were conducted in which nematic liquid crystal devices were subjected to three radiation environments: total dose (gamma), prompt dose (x rays), and fast neutrons. Tests were conducted using simple phase retarder devices, which served as surrogates for beamsteering devices. Impacts to optical and electrical characteristics of the devices at 1.55 mu m were measured after incremental exposure trials. Modest effects were observed, but none were deemed significant enough to impact performance of the devices for space communication beamsteering applications. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3265710] C1 [Lane, Steven A.; Brown, Jacob A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Tremer, Megan E.; Collins, Steven R.; Benoit, Michael R.; Miniscalco, William] Raytheon Co, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Uber, Craig] Raytheon Co, Largo, FL 33777 USA. [Gallagher, Elizabeth E.] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico FX This work was funded under contract from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the radiation test facilities of Honeywell, Inc., in Clearwater, Florida and the Breazeale reactor at University Park, Pennsylvania. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 AR 114002 DI 10.1117/1.3265710 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 538UW UT WOS:000273210600010 ER PT J AU Mayeda, C Wilson, S AF Mayeda, Chris Wilson, Stephen TI Complications Within the First 24 Hours after Dental Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia SO PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE PAIN; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; ADVERSE EVENTS ID AMBULATORY SURGERY; CHILDREN; INDUCTION; PAIN; INTENSITY; SYMPTOMS; BEHAVIOR AB Purpose: The purpose of this survey study was to assess adverse events in young, healthy children treated for dental caries under general anesthesia (GA) in the first 24 hours after discharge from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Methods: This study involved a sample of 50 2- to 10-year-old healthy patients who were scheduled for dental rehabilitation under GA at CCHMC. The principal investigator called 24 hours after discharge from the treatment facility and interviewed parents using a 22-item questionnaire, which generally addressed some doily functions of childhood. Analysis of the data involved descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, and cross-tabulation. Results: There was no significant difference among patients by gender or age group who slept while traveling home. Older children tended to vomit, while younger children had diarrhea. More moderate and severe complaints were reported for restorative work involving stainless steel crowns (SSCs) compared to no restorative work (ie, extractions only) or restorative work without SSCs. Conclusion: Some children may experience temporary disruption of bodily functions. Additionally, restorative procedures involving stainless steel crowns may cause more complaints and a return to preoperative home behaviors may take 6 or more hours. (Pediatr Dent 2009;31:513-9) Received July 2, 2008 vertical bar Last Revision October 2, 2008 vertical bar Revision Accepted October 28, 2008 C1 [Wilson, Stephen] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Dent, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Mayeda, Chris] Travis AFB, David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Wilson, S (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Dent, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM stephen.wilson1@cchmc.org NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVENUE SUITE 1036, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2616 USA SN 0164-1263 EI 1942-5473 J9 PEDIATR DENT JI Pediatr. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 31 IS 7 BP 513 EP 519 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA 668SK UT WOS:000283289900010 PM 20108743 ER PT J AU Spillane, AP Hivnor, CM AF Spillane, Anne P. Hivnor, Chad M. TI ISOTRETINOIN USE IN A CASE OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERAPY AB Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare, inherited disorder, in which phagocytic cells, through an enzyme defect, are unable to produce microbicidal oxidants; affected individuals are thereby unduly susceptible to certain life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and require lifelong antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis. We present the case of an adolescent CGD patient whose recalcitrant acne vulgaris and subsequent recurrent facial abscesses were successfully treated with isotretinoin; swift resolution of this and similar patients' acne lesions is paramount, as these lesions may serve as a portal of entry for systemic infections and may pose a significant risk for scarring. Isotretinoin is associated with an increased rate of cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus carriage as well as exuberant granulation responses, both of theoretical concern in CGD patients. The therapeutic outcome of isotretinoin in treatment-resistant cases of acne in CGD patients has not been reported in the literature; we present this case to advocate an underreported use of isotretinoin in the prevention of acne, its subsequent cyst formation, and scarring patients with CGD. C1 [Spillane, Anne P.; Hivnor, Chad M.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), 59 MDOS SGOMD,2200 Berquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Chad.hivnor@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 26 IS 6 BP 756 EP 758 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 535XZ UT WOS:000273006600025 PM 20199463 ER PT J AU Crisp, HC Stewart, IJ Blatz, PJ Rice, DH Okulicz, JF AF Crisp, Howard C. Stewart, Ian J. Blatz, Peter J. Rice, David H. Okulicz, Jason F. TI Successful Treatment of Severe Pneumocystis Pneumonia with Clindamycin-Primaquine in an HIV-Negative Patient SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE clindamycin; HIV-negative; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystitis pneumonia; primaquine ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; JIROVECII PNEUMONIA; THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; AIDS AB Pneumocystis pneumonia is an increasingly recognized threat in non-HIV immunosuppressed patients and is associated with worse outcomes compared to HIV-infected patients. The preferred first line treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, second line treatments for those intolerant of this regimen have been primarily studied in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case of Pneumocystis pneumonia in a 75-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a history of sulfa allergy successfully treated with clindamycin-primaquine. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jason.okulicz@amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 11 BP 1161 EP 1163 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 519HB UT WOS:000271754600015 PM 19864989 ER PT J AU White, JR Adams, DE Jata, K AF White, Jonathan R. Adams, Douglas E. Jata, Kumar TI Structural Health Monitoring of a Metallic Sandwich Panel by the Method of Virtual Forces SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; virtual force; vibration based health monitoring; thermal debond ID DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION AB A structural health monitoring system for assessing thermal damage in a metallic sandwich panel was developed in this article. The method of virtual forces was utilized to detect, locate, and quantify damage. The method assumes that a damaged structural response is a summation of the undamaged response and the response from an effective forcing function, which represents the effects of the material damage. The effective forcing function, or virtual force, is an estimate of the forces that the damage mechanism exerts on the undamaged structure. Virtual forces were shown to detect changes in the mass, stiffness, and damping matrices in a lumped parameter dynamic model. A finite element model of a mechanically attached sandwich metallic panel was used to detect a stiffness loss at different locations between two sensor locations. These results were then compared with experimental results involving thermal debond between the face sheet and core of an Al-Al honeycomb panel. Virtual forces indicated there was damage associated with magnitude and frequency shifts in the frequency response function measurements made on the damaged panel. Damage was located relative to the sensor/actuator measurement locations. Damage that was not adjacent to measurement locations was less accurately located and quantified. Variability in producing localized thermal debond using an acetylene torch was also apparent in the virtual force estimates. The virtual force estimates also indicated that damage was spread over several measurement locations because highly localized thermal debond was difficult to produce. C1 [White, Jonathan R.; Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [White, Jonathan R.; Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jata, Kumar] USAF, Res Lab ML, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Adams, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Intramural Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM deadams@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Directorate [F33615-03-D-5204] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Directorate through contract F33615-03-D-5204. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 8 IS 6 BP 537 EP 553 DI 10.1177/1475921709341010 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 505JL UT WOS:000270689400009 ER PT J AU Rand, JM Martin, JT Nadzam, GS AF Rand, Jamie M. Martin, Jeremiah T. Nadzam, Geoffrey S. TI Video case report: multiple intraperitoneal transections of Lap-Band tubing with descending colon inflammation: cause or effect? SO SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bariatric surgery; Lap-Band; Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; Morbid obesity; Complications C1 [Rand, Jamie M.; Martin, Jeremiah T.; Nadzam, Geoffrey S.] Hosp St Raphael, Dept Surg, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Rand, JM (reprint author), 77 Nealy Ave, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM jamie.rand@langley.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1550-7289 EI 1878-7533 J9 SURG OBES RELAT DIS JI Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 710 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.soard.2009.09.008 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA V30LE UT WOS:000208816700016 PM 19945052 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S Soyama, H AF Lee, Hyukjae Mall, Shankar Soyama, Hitoshi TI Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Cavitation Shotless Peened Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fretting fatigue; Cavitation shotless peening; Residual stress; Titanium alloy; Roughness ID IMPROVEMENT; STRENGTH; STRESS; ALUMINUM; CONTACT; ALLOY; STRIP AB Fretting fatigue behavior of cavitation shotless peened (CSP) titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. Constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests were conducted at several maximum stress levels, sigma(max), ranging from 400 to 555 MPa with a stress ratio of 0.1. Test results showed that the fretting fatigue life was enhanced by CSP treatment as compared to the unpeened specimen, but the enhancement was not as large as that from the shot-peening treatment. Residual stress measurements by X-ray diffraction method before and after fretting test showed that residual compressive stress was relaxed during fretting fatigue. Before fretting, CSP specimen had higher compressive residual stress on the surface than the shot-peened specimen. However, greater residual stress relaxation occurred in CSP specimen such that the relaxed compressive residual stress profile near the contact surface of CSP specimen was lower than that of shot-peened specimen. This lower compressive residual stress from fretting fatigue was the reason for shorter fretting fatigue life of CSP specimen as compared to shot-peened specimen at the applied stress level. C1 [Mall, Shankar] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol AFT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Hyukjae] Andong Natl Univ, Ctr Green Mat Technol, Andong 760745, Kyungbuk, South Korea. [Soyama, Hitoshi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol AFT ENY, Bldg 640,Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU Andong National University's Special Grant Program FX This work was partly supported by the Andong National University's Special Grant Program of 2007. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s11249-009-9463-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 499EZ UT WOS:000270201600001 ER PT J AU Shi, L Ermis, R Lam, K Cowart, J Attar, P Aust, D AF Shi, Lei Ermis, Ryan Lam, Kan Cowart, Jerry Attar, Paul Aust, Duncan TI Study on the debridement efficacy of formulated enzymatic wound debriding agents by in vitro assessment using artificial wound eschar and by an in vivo pig model SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Article ID PAPAIN-UREA; COLLAGENASE; TISSUE AB An in vitro efficacy study using newly developed artificial wound eschar (AWE) substrate was conducted for assessing enzyme dose response. The AWE substrate is prepared by the enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin in the presence of collagen, fibrin, and elastin to form an insoluble planar matrix. AWE substrate was placed on Franz Diffusion Cells for continuously monitoring the debridement progress. A parallel in vivo study was performed using pig thermal-burn wounds. Papain at concentrations of 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 U/mg was used as the model debriding enzyme for both studies. The data from the first 5 hours of the in vitro testing showed that debriding activity increased as the enzyme concentration increased. The histological results of the in vivo biopsy samples showed that enzyme doses above 800 and 1,600 U/mg successfully achieved debridement on day 8, while lower treatment groups still contained eschar tissue. Using the histological measurement results (wound depth score) a dose response that correlated to the in vitro assessment was found. Granulation tissue maturity and reepithelialization displayed correlation with the enzyme dose. Results indicate that AWE substrate can be used to predict debridement efficacy in vitro when correlation to the in vivo assessment is achieved. C1 [Shi, Lei; Ermis, Ryan; Aust, Duncan] Healthpoint Ltd, Res & Dev, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Lam, Kan; Attar, Paul] Bridge PTS, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cowart, Jerry] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Healthpoint Ltd, Res & Dev, Ft Worth, TX USA. EM lei.shi@healthpoint.com NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00545.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 513IC UT WOS:000271314900011 PM 19903306 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Devine, M AF Stephan, Carl N. Devine, Matthew TI The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Craniofacial identification; Facial reconstruction; Facial reproduction; Temporalis muscle; Human face anatomy ID SOFT-TISSUE THICKNESSES; RESEMBLANCE RATINGS; ANATOMY; FACE; RECONSTRUCTION; ACCURACY; RECOGNITION; POSITION; SURGERY; EYEBALL AB The construction of the facial muscles (particularly those of mastication) is generally thought to enhance the accuracy of facial approximation methods because they increase attention paid to face anatomy. However, the lack of consideration for non-muscular structures of the face when using these "anatomical" methods ironically forces one of the two large masticatory muscles to be exaggerated beyond reality. To demonstrate and resolve this issue the temporal region of nineteen caucasoid human cadavers (10 females, 9 males; mean age = 84 years, s = 9 years, range = 58-97 years) were investigated. Soft tissue depths were measured at regular intervals across the temporal fossa in 10 cadavers, and the thickness of the muscle and fat components quantified in nine other cadavers. The measurements indicated that the temporalis muscle generally accounts for <50% of the total soft tissue depth, and does not fill the entirety of the fossa (as generally known in the anatomical literature, but not as followed in facial approximation practice). In addition, a soft tissue bulge was consistently observed in the anteroinferior portion of the temporal fossa (as also evident in younger individuals), and during dissection, this bulge was found to closely correspond to the Superficial temporal fat pad (STFP). Thus, the facial surface does not follow a simple undulating curve of the temporalis muscle as currently undertaken in facial approximation methods. New metric-based facial approximation guidelines are presented to facilitate accurate construction of the STFP and the temporalis muscle for future facial approximation casework. This study warrants further investigations of the temporalis muscle and the STFP in younger age groups and demonstrates that untested facial approximation guidelines, including those propounded to be anatomical, should be cautiously regarded. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.; Devine, Matthew] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.016 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 503IG UT WOS:000270526700011 PM 19632798 ER PT J AU Lyons, KM Kendall, BS AF Lyons, Keegan M. Kendall, Brian S. TI Follow Up Study of ASCUS Pap Smears in Women Less than 21 Years of Age SO CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lyons, Keegan M.; Kendall, Brian S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1934-662X J9 CANCER CYTOPATHOL JI Cancer Cytopathol. PD OCT 25 PY 2009 VL 117 IS 5 BP 375 EP 376 PG 2 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA 510HM UT WOS:000271078800044 ER PT J AU Gustavsson, B Newsome, R Leyser, TB Kosch, MJ Norin, L McCarrick, M Pedersen, T Watkins, BJ AF Gustavsson, B. Newsome, R. Leyser, T. B. Kosch, M. J. Norin, L. McCarrick, M. Pedersen, T. Watkins, B. J. TI First observations of X-mode suppression of O-mode HF enhancements at 6300 angstrom SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; POWER RADIO-WAVES; IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION; ELECTRON GYROFREQUENCY; ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION; EISCAT OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; PLASMA; STRIATIONS; HARMONICS AB We present observations of radio induced optical emissions from a HAARP experiment with simultaneous transmission in X and O-mode. The additional transmission of X-mode with a frequency 700 kHz higher than the O-mode, reduces the enhancement of the 6300 A emission. This suggests that the wave-plasma process that energizes the electrons, which excites oxygen to the O((1)D) state, is closely connected to the excitation of upper-hybrid waves, whose onset and initial growth are reduced by additional X-mode pumping. Citation: Gustavsson, B., R. Newsome, T. B. Leyser, M. J. Kosch, L. Norin, M. McCarrick, T. Pedersen, and B. J. Watkins (2009), First observations of X-mode suppression of O-mode HF enhancements at 6300 angstrom, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20102, doi:10.1029/2009GL039421. C1 [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Newsome, R.] Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Leyser, T. B.; Norin, L.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-75591 Uppsala, Sweden. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, InfoLab21, Dept Commun Syst, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Norin, L.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [McCarrick, M.] BAE Syst Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Watkins, B. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gustavsson, B (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM bjorn.gustavsson@phys.uit.no; rtnewsome@stanford.edu; thomas.leyser@irfu.se; mkosch@lancs.ac.uk; ln@irfu.se; mike.mccarrick@baesystems.com; ualaska-watkins@usa.net OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L20102 DI 10.1029/2009GL039421 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 510YH UT WOS:000271129800002 ER PT J AU Kua, J Daly, RC Tomlin, KM van Duin, ACT Brill, TB Beal, RW Rheingold, AL AF Kua, Jeremy Daly, Rowena C. Tomlin, Keaton M. van Duin, Adri C. T. Brill, Thomas B. Beal, Royce W. Rheingold, Arnold L. TI Self-Assembly of SbCl3 and 1,4-Dioxane: Cubic Structure Connected by Very Weak Bonds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; ANTIMONY(III) HALIDE-COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THIO-ETHER; REAXFF; DENSITY; FRAMEWORK; EXCHANGE; DIOXANE AB The self-assembly of SbCl3 and 1,4-dioxane in a 2:3 ratio leads to an interpenetrating extended cubic structure from X-ray crystallography. The structure is held together by very weak Sb-O bonds (similar to 7 kcal/mol each), which still maintain strong directionality. Parameterization and subsequent simulation of the system using a reactive force field (ReaxFF) gives us insight into the key interactions necessary for self-assembly from a completely random configuration of molecules into the experimentally observed cubic structure. We explain why the porous structure (with no interpenetration of lattices) is not observed, and we trace the important intermediate substructures formed en route to the crystal. C1 [Kua, Jeremy; Daly, Rowena C.; Tomlin, Keaton M.] Univ San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [van Duin, Adri C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brill, Thomas B.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Beal, Royce W.] Hill AFB, Ogden, UT 84054 USA. [Rheingold, Arnold L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kua, J (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 5998 Alcala Pk, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM jkua@sandiego.edu FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research [46700-GB 10]; Research Corporation; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation FX This research was supported by an American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant (PRF# 46700-GB 10), an award from the Research Corporation, and a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Start-up Award. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 42 BP 11443 EP 11453 DI 10.1021/jp908205x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 505EA UT WOS:000270670700043 PM 19785393 ER PT J AU DesAutels, L Kuzyk, MG Brewer, C AF DesAutels, Logan Kuzyk, Mark G. Brewer, Christopher TI Femtosecond bulk transparent material processing and recovery SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSE ORANGE-11; POLYMER; DYE; PHOTODEGRADATION AB Femtosecond lasers have a unique ability of processing bulk transparent materials for various applications such as micromachining, waveguide manufacturing, and photonic bandgap structures, just to name a few. These applications depend on the formation of micron or submicron size features are known to be index modifications to the bulk substrate [ 2, 11], which were thought to persist indefinitely. However, it has been observed that some of these bulk transparent materials recover or "heal" with time. This "healing" process is studied and quantified using Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast optical microscopy and diffraction efficiency measurements of micro-machined gratings. We find healing to be accelerated in dye doped polymers. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [DesAutels, Logan] Logan Opt Design LLC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Tipp City, OH 45371 USA. [Kuzyk, Mark G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brewer, Christopher] Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP DesAutels, L (reprint author), Logan Opt Design LLC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Tipp City, OH 45371 USA. OI Kuzyk, Mark/0000-0003-3609-9754 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 21 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 21 BP 18808 EP 18819 DI 10.1364/OE.17.018808 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 506HV UT WOS:000270766800045 PM 20372614 ER PT J AU Rogers, NC Cannon, PS Groves, KM AF Rogers, Neil C. Cannon, Paul S. Groves, Keith M. TI Measurements and simulation of ionospheric scattering on VHF and UHF radar signals: Coherence times, coherence bandwidths, and S-4 SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAW PHASE SCREEN; SCINTILLATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Irregularities in the electron density of the ionosphere cause phase and amplitude scintillation on transionospheric VHF and UHF radar signals, particularly at lower radio frequencies. The design of radar and other transionospheric systems requires good estimates of the coherence bandwidth (CB) and coherence time (CT) imposed by a turbulent ionosphere. CB and CT measurements of the equatorial ionosphere, made using the Advanced Research Project Agency Long-range Tracking and Identification Radar 158 MHz and 422 MHz phase coherent radar located on Kwajalein (9.4 degrees N, 167.5 degrees E), are presented as a function of the two-way S-4 scintillation index at 422 MHz The log linear regression equations are CT = 1.46 exp(-1.40 S-4) s at 158 MHz and CT = 2.31 exp(-1.10 S-4) s at 422 MHz. CT also varies by a factor of 2-3 depending on the effective scan velocity through the ionosphere, v(eff). The CT and CB, as a function of S-4, have been compared to those from the Trans-Ionospheric Radio Propagation Simulator, a phase screen model. A close agreement is achieved using appropriate values of v(eff) and midrange values of phase spectral index and outer scale. Validation of CB is, however, limited by insufficient radar chirp bandwidth. Formulating the model in terms of the two-way S-4 index (an easily measurable parameter) rather than more fundamental phase screen parameters (which are difficult to obtain), improves its utility for the systems engineer. The frequency dependencies (spectral indices) of S-4 and of CT are also presented to allow interpolation and some extrapolation of these results to other frequencies. C1 [Rogers, Neil C.; Cannon, Paul S.] QinetiQ, Ctr RF Operat Environm, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. [Groves, Keith M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rogers, NC (reprint author), QinetiQ, Ctr RF Operat Environm, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. EM ncrogers@qinetiq.com RI Cannon, Paul/C-3579-2011; OI Cannon, Paul/0000-0001-8240-994X; Rogers, Neil/0000-0002-8423-6306 FU United Kingdom Ministry of Defence Science and Technology program; U.S. Department of the Army [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX The UK contribution to this program has been conducted with funding from the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence Science and Technology program. The MIT Lincoln Laboratory contribution was sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States government. The authors would like to thank Paul Kossey for his unfailing support in the early stages of this UK-U. S. collaborative program. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT 21 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A33 DI 10.1029/2008RS004035 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 511AD UT WOS:000271134900001 ER PT J AU Bronk, BV Druger, SD AF Bronk, Burt V. Druger, Stephen D. TI Light scattering calculations exploring sensitivity of depolarization ratio to shape changes. II. Single rod-shaped vegetative bacteria in air SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-VIVO; CONVERGENCE; REGION AB In article I of this series, calculations and graphs of the depolarization ratio, D(Theta, lambda) = 1 - < S-22 > = < S-11 >, for light scattered from an ensemble of single-aerosolized Bacillus spores using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) (sometimes also called the coupled dipole approximation) were presented. The Sij in these papers denote the appropriate Mueller matrix elements. We compare graphs for different size parameters for both D(Theta, lambda) and the ratio R-34(Theta, lambda) = < S-34 > = < S-11 >. The ratio R-34(Theta, lambda) was shown previously to be sensitive to diameters of rod-shaped and spherical bacteria suspended in liquids. The present paper isolates the effect of length changes and shows that R-34(Theta, lambda) is not very sensitive to these changes, but D(Theta, lambda) is sensitive to length changes when the aspect ratio becomes small enough. In the present article, we extend our analysis to vegetative bacteria which, because of their high percentage of water, generally have a substantially lower index of refraction than spores. The parameters used for the calculations were chosen to simulate values previously measured for log-phase Escherichia coli. Each individual E. coli bacterium appears microscopically approximately like a right-circular cylinder, capped smoothly at each end by a hemisphere of the same diameter. With the present model we focus particular attention on determining the effect, if any, of length changes on the graphs of D(Theta, lambda) and R-34(Theta, lambda). We study what happens to these two functions when the diameters of the bacteria remain constant and their basic shape remains that of a capped cylinder, but with total length changed by reducing the length of the cylindrical part of each cell. This approach also allows a test of the model, since the limiting case as the length of the cylindrical part approaches zero is exactly a sphere, which is known to give a value identically equal to zero for D(Theta, lambda) but not for R-34(Theta, lambda). (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Bronk, Burt V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bronk, Burt V.] USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Druger, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Bronk, BV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 HPW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM burt.bronk@hotmail.com NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 30 BP 5655 EP 5663 DI 10.1364/AO.48.005655 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 514DG UT WOS:000271373900003 PM 19844297 ER PT J AU Wanapun, D Hall, VJ Begue, NJ Grote, JG Simpson, GJ AF Wanapun, Duangporn Hall, Victoria J. Begue, Nathan J. Grote, James G. Simpson, Garth J. TI DNA-Based Polymers as Chiral Templates for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE chirality; DNA; optoelectronics; polymers; second harmonic generation ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; NLO MATERIALS; CHROMOPHORE; MOLECULES; PHOTONICS; MEDIA AB The unique symmetry properties of chiral systems allow the emergence of coherent second harmonic generation in polymeric materials lacking polar order. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) treated with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) was drop-cast to spontaneously form films that are active for coherent second harmonic generation (SHG). SHG images acquired as a function of incident and exigent polarization are in good agreement with theoretical predictions assuming nonpolar D-infinity symmetry for the double-stranded DNA chains. Doping the DNA films with crystal violet substantially increases the efficiency of SHG, but does not significantly alter the polarization-dependences, suggesting that the SHG-generated upon doping arises from the same chiral-specific origin, presumably templated by the DNA. These results raise the possibility of new design strategies for organic nonlinear optical materials based on soft chiral polymers that do not require polar order. C1 [Wanapun, Duangporn; Hall, Victoria J.; Begue, Nathan J.; Simpson, Garth J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Simpson, GJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gsimpson@purdue.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF-CHE, NSF-MRI-ID) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CHE, NSF-MRI-ID). The authors would also like to thank Professor Naoya Ogota, the Chitose Institute of Science and Technology for providing purified DNA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD OCT 19 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 15 BP 2674 EP 2678 DI 10.1002/cphc.200900303 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 515RN UT WOS:000271490600017 PM 19790203 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Chen, WB Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Yang, Shuangyang Chen, Weibin Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Miniature circular polarization analyzer with spiral plasmonic lens SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM; SURFACE-PLASMONS; TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; EXCITATION; RESONANCE AB A simple spiral plasmonic lens is studied both analytically and numerically. Owing to the geometric phase effect, a spiral plasmonic lens focuses the left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations into spatially separated plasmonic fields. Such a spatial multiplexing of the field distribution is utilized in miniature circular polarization analyzer design. A circular polarization extinction ratio better than 100 is obtainable with a device size as small as 4 lambda(spp). The spiral plasmonic lens provides efficient plasmonic focusing while it eliminates the requirement of centering the incident beam to the plasmonic lens, making it suitable for full Stokes parameter polarimetric imaging applications. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Yang, Shuangyang; Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 NR 19 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 20 BP 3047 EP 3049 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 514DM UT WOS:000271374500001 PM 19838221 ER PT J AU Ramos, C Kelley, MC Djuth, FT Groves, KM Murayama, Y Kawamura, S Thorsen, D AF Ramos, Camilo Kelley, Michael C. Djuth, Frank T. Groves, Keith M. Murayama, Yasuhiro Kawamura, Seiji Thorsen, Denise TI Multifrequency observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes using Alaskan radar facilities: Comparisons and scattering calculations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EISCAT-224 MHZ RADAR; MST RADAR; TURBULENCE; PMSE; FREQUENCIES; VICINITY; SCALE; STATE AB We present polar mesospheric radar observations at three frequency bands (MF/HF/VHF) and eight radar frequencies: 2.43, 3.3, 4.53, 4.9, 7.6, 28, 50, and 139 MHz, in order to better understand the well known but still not fully understood Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE). The echo morphology at the different frequencies is described by means of case studies where PMSE events were observed concurrently using at least two radar systems deployed over the Alaskan central region. The identity of MF and HF radar echoes as PMSE is resolved for the first time by means of simultaneous measurements made with VHF radars, the reference sensors employed traditionally for PMSE studies. On the basis of echo duration and radar reflectivity estimates, we suggest that low-power HF radars would be more appropriate for PMSE monitoring. This is confirmed by a radar target analysis of turbulent scattering mechanisms in the polar summer mesosphere. MF radars show highly organized PMSE layers quite often but are more susceptible to ionospheric absorption and higher-altitude returns associated with geomagnetic activity. Both phenomena produce a blanking effect in MF PMSE, which at times can persist for hours. HF and VHF radars are less affected by absorption events, but the PMSE echoes become weaker as the radar frequency increases. C1 [Ramos, Camilo; Kelley, Michael C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Djuth, Frank T.] Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Groves, Keith M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Murayama, Yasuhiro; Kawamura, Seiji] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Thorsen, Denise] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ramos, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 304 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cr49@cornell.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0658, N00014-03-C-0482] FX Research at Cornell was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-00-1-0658. F. T. D. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-00-1-0658 and N00014-03-C-0482. The authors are grateful to the HIPAS and HAARP operating crews for their considerable assistance in the field. Special mentions to: John Elder, Eric Nichols, Mike McCarrick, David Seafolk-Kopp, Jake Quinn, and Troy Lawlor. We thank the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology in Japan and the University of Alaska Fairbanks for giving access to data from the Poker Flat MF radar. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS5011 DI 10.1029/2008RS004102 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 508PM UT WOS:000270945300001 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Odstrcil, D Anderson, BJ Arge, CN Benna, M Gloeckler, G Raines, JM Schriver, D Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Killen, RM Zurbuchen, TH AF Baker, Daniel N. Odstrcil, Dusan Anderson, Brian J. Arge, C. Nick Benna, Mehdi Gloeckler, George Raines, Jim M. Schriver, David Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Killen, Rosemary M. Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI Space environment of Mercury at the time of the first MESSENGER flyby: Solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field modeling of upstream conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; EXOSPHERE AB The first flyby of Mercury by the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft occurred on 14 January 2008. In order to provide contextual information about the solar wind (SW) properties and the interplanetary magnetic field near the planet, we have used an empirical modeling technique combined with a numerical physics-based SW model. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) method uses solar photospheric magnetic field observations (from Earth-based instruments) in order to estimate inner heliospheric conditions out to 21.5 solar radii from the Sun. This information is then used as input to the global numerical magnetohydrodynamic model, ENLIL, which calculates SW velocity, density, temperature, and magnetic field strength and polarity throughout the inner heliosphere. The present paper shows WSA-ENLIL conditions computed for the several week period encompassing the first flyby. This information is used in conjunction with MESSENGER magnetometer data (and the only limited available MESSENGER SW plasma data) to help understand the Mercury flyby results. The in situ spacecraft data, in turn, can also be used iteratively to improve the model accuracy for inner heliospheric "space weather" purposes. Looking to the future, we discuss how with such modeling we can estimate relatively continuously the SW properties near Mercury and at the cruise location of MESSENGER now, for upcoming flybys, and toward the time of spacecraft orbit insertion in 2011. C1 [Baker, Daniel N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Arge, C. Nick] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gloeckler, George; Raines, Jim M.; Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Killen, Rosemary M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Slavin, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; FU NASA Discovery Program [NASW-00002]; National Science Foundation Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM); [NAS5-97271] FX Wolfgang Baumjohann thanks the reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 2 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A10101 DI 10.1029/2009JA014287 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 502MU UT WOS:000270465300001 ER PT J AU Zor, R Keren, H Hermesh, H Szechtman, H Mort, J Eilam, D AF Zor, R. Keren, H. Hermesh, H. Szechtman, H. Mort, J. Eilam, D. TI Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a disorder of pessimal (non-functional) motor behavior SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE compulsive ritual; compulsive content; functional impairment; sequential order; temporal order; ritualization ID SYMPTOM DIMENSIONS; CULTURAL RITUALS; THOUGHT CONTROL; ANIMAL-MODEL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; CHECKING; OCD AB Objective: To determine whether in addition to repetitiveness, the motor rituals of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involve reduced functionality due to numerous and measurable acts that are irrelevant and unnecessary for task completion. Method: Comparing motor rituals of OCD patients with behavior of non-patient control individuals who were instructed to perform the same motor task. Results: Obsessive-compulsive disorder behavior comprises abundant acts that were not performed by the controls. These acts seem unnecessary or even irrelevant for the task that the patients were performing, and therefore are termed 'non-functional'. Non-functional acts comprise some 60% of OCD motor behavior. Moreover, OCD behavior consists of short chains of functional acts bounded by long chains of non-functional acts. Conclusion: The abundance of irrelevant or unnecessary acts in OCD motor rituals represents reduced functionality in terms of task completion, typifying OCD rituals as pessimal behavior (antonym of optimal behavior). C1 [Zor, R.; Keren, H.; Eilam, D.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Hermesh, H.] Tel Aviv Univ, Adult Outpatient Dept, Geha Mental Hlth Ctr, Rabin Med Ctr,Petach Tiquva & Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Hermesh, H.] Tel Aviv Univ, Anxiety Disorders & Behav Therapy Unit, Geha Mental Hlth Ctr, Rabin Med Ctr,Petach Tiquva & Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Szechtman, H.] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Mort, J.] USAF, Behav Modeling Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eilam, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. EM eilam@post.tau.ac.il RI Eilam, David/E-8078-2010; Szechtman, Henry/A-4706-2009 OI Szechtman, Henry/0000-0003-3986-4482 FU Adams Supercenter for Brain Studies; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Arlington, VA FX We are grateful to the anonymous OCD patients and control individuals who willingly participated in this study and to Professor J. Zohar for his help and advice. This study was supported by the Adams Supercenter for Brain Studies and the Basic Research Program in TAU and by US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Arlington, VA. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 120 IS 4 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01370.x PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 493HW UT WOS:000269728400006 PM 19291081 ER PT J AU Flood, I Bewick, BT Dinan, RJ Salim, HA AF Flood, Ian Bewick, Bryan T. Dinan, Robert J. Salim, Hani A. TI Modeling blast wave propagation using artificial neural network methods SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article CT 15th International Workshop of the European-Group-for-Intelligent-Computing-in-Engineering CY JUL, 2008 CL Plymouth, ENGLAND SP European Grp Intelligent Comp Engn AB The paper reports on work concerned with the development of artificial neural network approaches to modeling the propagation of bomb blast waves in a built-up environment. A review of current methods of modeling blast wave propagation identifies a need for a modeling system that is both fast and versatile in its scope of application. This is followed by a description of a preliminary study that used artificial neural networks to estimate peak pressures on buildings protected by simple blast barriers, using data generated from, first, an existing empirical model and, second, miniature bomb-barrier-building experiments. The first of these studies demonstrates the viability of the approach in terms of producing accurate results very rapidly. However, the study using data from live miniature bomb-barrier-building experiments was inconclusive due to a poor distribution of the sample data. The paper then describes ongoing research refining this artificial neural network approach to allow the modeling of the time-wise progress of the blast wave over the surfaces of critical structures, facilitating a three-dimensional visualization of the problem. Finally, the paper outlines a proposed novel method of modeling blast wave propagation that uses a coarse-grain simulation approach combined with artificial neural networks, which has the goal of extending modeling to complicated geometries while maintaining rapid processing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flood, Ian] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bewick, Bryan T.; Dinan, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Salim, Hani A.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Flood, I (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM flood@ufl.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2009.06.005 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 513SO UT WOS:000271343900006 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, CD Jackson, KR Williams, S Givens, R Bailey, WF Tam, CJ Terry, WF AF Lindstrom, Chadwick D. Jackson, Kevin R. Williams, Skip Givens, Ryan Bailey, William F. Tam, Chung-Jen Terry, William F. TI Shock-Train Structure Resolved with Absorption Spectroscopy Part 1: System Design and Validation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SENSOR; BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; 1.39 MU-M; SCRAMJET COMBUSTOR; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; H2O; REGION; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB I A multiple-line-of-sight tunable diode laser absorption system for measuring shock-train structure inside a model scramjet isolator at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Propulsion Directorate's research cell 18 supersonic combustion facility is described. Multiple rovibrational lines of water are probed using time-multiplexing of multiple diode lasers projected across a rectangular isolator duct along 16 lines of sight. Static temperatures and water concentration (path-averaged) are computed from a Boltzmann plot for the multiple lines that are measured, and static pressures are determined from the absorption line width. The experimental setup and measurement technique are presented here along with the Mach 2 flow (no shock train) results. The absorption measurements agree to within 2% of sidewall pressure transducer measurements and calculated (path-averaged) static temperatures at 5 Hz. The motivation for the development of this sensor was to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain accurate tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurements over multiple lines of sight in a supersonic How in real-time, allowing useful data about the spatial and temporal changes of the static pressure and temperature within a supersonic shock train. The present measurements demonstrate that multiple-line-of-sight measurements can obtain temperature, pressure, and water density information with an overall accuracy better than 5% at 1000 Hz and show that sensing based on real-time tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of supersonic flows is possible. C1 [Jackson, Kevin R.; Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Givens, Ryan; Bailey, William F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tam, Chung-Jen] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Terry, William F.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Michael Berman, Program Manager) and the National Research Council, which sponsored C. D. Lindstrom as a postdoctoral fellow. The authors thank the RC 18 test team (Matt Streby, Steven Steven Lin, Steve Ennekin, and Paul Kennedy) for rig operation and test setup. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2368 EP 2378 DI 10.2514/1.41074 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 506FJ UT WOS:000270759300010 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, CD Davis, D Williams, S Tam, CJ AF Lindstrom, Chadwick D. Davis, Doug Williams, Skip Tam, Chung-Jen TI Shock-Train Structure Resolved with Absorption Spectroscopy Part 2: Analysis and CFD Comparison SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; OSCILLATION PHENOMENA; WAVES; H2O; TEMPERATURE; FLOWS; DUCTS AB Multiple-line-of-sight tunable diode laser absorption measurements of the shock-train structure inside a model scramjet isolator are described. Understanding the shock train is important when considering the design of isolators to prevent unstart as well as dealing with heat transfer. Results from experimental studies such as this one can be used to help refine and validate the computational fluid dynamics models that are used in isolator design. Interpretation of the data collected is complicated because of the unsteady nature of the shock train. First, the gigabytes of acquired data are integrated on a scan-by-scan basis to form absorption-versus-time plots that can he used to determine the shock oscillation power spectrum and amplitude. The shock train is found to oscillate about its mean position with a peak-to-peak amplitude nearly equal to the equivalent duct diameter of 5.75 cm and with a power spectrum largely confined below 100 Hz. Next, developing an understanding of fundamental features of the flow requires that some form of intelligent feature extraction is used. This is difficult because the flow features are not simply periodic but involve a multitude of frequencies. Here, k-means data clustering is used to reduce the information to shock structures corresponding to various shock-front locations in the scramjet isolator as a function of backpressure. These clustered data sets are then used to extract path-averaged (transverse direction) static temperatures, static pressures, and water concentrations as a function of streamwise position that can be compared with path-averaged computational fluid dynamics computations. The results indicate that the computational fluid dynamics overestimates the shock spacing by 45% and that the path-averaged temperatures and pressures show a factor-of-2 variation more than indicated by the computational fluid dynamics simulations. These results can be used to help improve the computational fluid dynamics computations of the shock-train structure. C1 [Davis, Doug; Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tam, Chung-Jen] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by-the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Michael Berman, Program Manager), and C. D. Lindstrom was sponsored under a National Research Council Fellowship. The authors thank William Terry for his assistance in hardware design and setup as well as the RC18 test team (Matt Streby, Steven Lin, Steve Ennekin, Paul Kennedy, and Keven Jackson) for rig operation. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2379 EP 2390 DI 10.2514/1.41077 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 506FJ UT WOS:000270759300011 ER PT J AU Wyrick, K Davis, A AF Wyrick, Kristen Davis, Amy TI Exercise for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Background: Cancer-related fatigue is now recognized as an important symptom associated with cancer and its treatment. A number of studies have investigated the effects of physical activity in reducing cancer-related fatigue with no definitive conclusions about its effectiveness. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of exercise on cancer-related fatigue during and after cancer treatment. Search Strategy: The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL/CCTR), Medline (1966 to July 2007), EM BASE (1980 to July 2007), CINAHL (1982 to July 2007), British Nursing Index (January 1984 to July 2007), AMED (1985 to July 2007), SIGLE (1980 to July 2007), and Dissertation Abstracts International (1861 to July 2007) were all searched using key words. Reference lists of all studies identified for inclusion and relevant reviews were also searched. In addition, relevant journals were hand searched and experts in the field of cancer-related fatigue were contacted. Data Collection and Analysis: Two review authors independently assessed the methodologic quality of studies and extracted data based upon predefined criteria. Where data were available, meta-analyses were performed for fatigue using a random-effects model. Main Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified for inclusion (n = 2,083 participants), with the majority carried out on participants with breast cancer (n = 16 studies; n = 1,172 participants). A meta-analysis of all fatigue data, incorporating 22 comparisons, provided data for 920 participants who received an exercise intervention and 742 control participants. At the end of the intervention period, exercise was statistically more effective than the control intervention (standard mean difference = -0.23; 95% confidence interval, -0.33 to -0.13). Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of exercise on cancer-related fatigue in adults were included. Authors' Conclusions: Exercise can be regarded as beneficial for persons with cancer-related fatigue during and after cancer therapy. Further research is required to determine the optimal type, intensity, and timing of an exercise intervention. C1 [Wyrick, Kristen] 355th Med Grp, Davis Monthan AFB, AZ USA. [Davis, Amy] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Wyrick, K (reprint author), 355th Med Grp, Davis Monthan AFB, AZ USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 BP 689 EP 690 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505QP UT WOS:000270709700004 PM 19817337 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Clement, NF Ghofrani, M AF Fadare, Oluwole Clement, Nathan F. Ghofrani, Mohiedean TI High- and Intermediate-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Comparison of Pathologic Features in Core Biopsies and Excisions and an Evaluation of Core Biopsy Features That May Predict a Close or Positive Margin in the Excision SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AJCP Resident Research Symposium and Poster Sessions/Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Clement, Nathan F.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ghofrani, Mohiedean] SW Washington Med Ctr, Vancouver, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 132 IS 4 MA 19 BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 503AQ UT WOS:000270503500036 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Rodriguez, R AF Fadare, Oluwole Rodriguez, Rosemarie TI The Significance of Marked Nuclear Atypia in Grade 1 Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AJCP Resident Research Symposium and Poster Sessions/Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Rodriguez, Rosemarie] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 132 IS 4 MA 26 BP 629 EP 630 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 503AQ UT WOS:000270503500043 ER PT J AU Kundrotas, L Cassidy, T AF Kundrotas, Leon Cassidy, Timothy TI Adaptability of Endoscopic Skills in the Deployed Environment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 23-28, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Kundrotas, Leon] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SAMMC S, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Cassidy, Timothy] 332nd EMDOS, Joint Base Balad, Iraq. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 104 SU 3 MA 1379 BP S516 EP S516 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 507LA UT WOS:000270853601367 ER PT J AU Ricker, J McNear, S Plott, E Cassidy, T Arnold, H Franklin, K AF Ricker, Jonathan McNear, Scott Plott, Eric Cassidy, Timothy Arnold, Hays Franklin, Kevin TI Routine Screening for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Patients Presenting with Dysphagia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 23-28, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Ricker, Jonathan; Plott, Eric; Cassidy, Timothy; Franklin, Kevin] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [McNear, Scott; Arnold, Hays] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 104 SU 3 MA 22 BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 507LA UT WOS:000270853600023 ER PT J AU Owen, J Hankins, G Iams, JD Berghella, V Sheffield, JS Perez-Delboy, A Egerman, RS Wing, DA Tomlinson, M Silver, R Ramin, SM Guzman, ER Gordon, M How, HY Knudtson, EJ Szychowski, JM Cliver, S Hauth, JC AF Owen, John Hankins, Gary Iams, Jay D. Berghella, Vincenzo Sheffield, Jeanne S. Perez-Delboy, Annette Egerman, Robert S. Wing, Deborah A. Tomlinson, Mark Silver, Richard Ramin, Susan M. Guzman, Edwin R. Gordon, Michael How, Helen Y. Knudtson, Eric J. Szychowski, Jeff M. Cliver, Suzanne Hauth, John C. TI Multicenter randomized trial of cerclage for preterm birth prevention in high-risk women with shortened midtrimester cervical length SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerclage; cervical length; prior preterm birth; vaginal sonography ID TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND; DELIVERY; PREDICTION; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; INCOMPETENCE; SONOGRAPHY; GESTATION; PATIENT; SUTURE AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess cerclage to prevent recurrent preterm birth in women with short cervix. STUDY DESIGN: Women with prior spontaneous preterm birth less than 34 weeks were screened for short cervix and randomly assigned to cerclage if cervical length was less than 25 mm. RESULTS: Of 1014 women screened, 302 were randomized; 42% of women not assigned and 32% of those assigned to cerclage delivered less than 35 weeks (P = .09). In planned analyses, birth less than 24 weeks (P = .03) and perinatal mortality (P = .046) were less frequent in the cerclage group. There was a significant interaction between cervical length and cerclage. Birth less than 35 weeks (P = .006) was reduced in the less than 15 mm stratum with a null effect in the 15-24 mm stratum. CONCLUSION: In women with a prior spontaneous preterm birth less than 34 weeks and cervical length less than 25 mm, cerclage reduced previable birth and perinatal mortality but did not prevent birth less than 35 weeks, unless cervical length was less than 15 mm. C1 [Owen, John; Cliver, Suzanne; Hauth, John C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. [Hankins, Gary] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Galveston, TX USA. [Iams, Jay D.] Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Berghella, Vincenzo] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Sheffield, Jeanne S.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Perez-Delboy, Annette] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. [Egerman, Robert S.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Wing, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Tomlinson, Mark] NW Perinatal Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portland, OR USA. [Silver, Richard] Northshore Med Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Evanston, IL USA. [Ramin, Susan M.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX USA. [Guzman, Edwin R.] St Peters Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Gordon, Michael] USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX USA. [How, Helen Y.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Knudtson, Eric J.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Szychowski, Jeff M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Owen, J (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 619 19th St S,458 Old Hillman Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. OI Berghella, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2854-0239 FU The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development [5K24 HD43314-5, U01 HD039939-05] FX This study was supported in part by Grants 5K24 HD43314-5 (to J. O.) and U01 HD039939-05 from The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 201 IS 4 AR 375.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.015 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 502LP UT WOS:000270461800014 PM 19788970 ER PT J AU Gabriel, DB Southard, KA Qian, F Marshall, SD Franciscus, RG Southard, TE AF Gabriel, Daniel B. Southard, Karin A. Qian, Fang Marshall, Steven D. Franciscus, Robert G. Southard, Thomas E. TI Cervical vertebrae maturation method: Poor reproducibility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID MANDIBULAR GROWTH ROTATION; SKELETAL MATURATION; HAND-WRIST; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; ANTEGONIAL NOTCH; FACIAL GROWTH; PREDICTION; AGE; INDICATOR; HEIGHT AB Introduction: The cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method has been advocated as a predictor of peak mandibular growth. This method relies on the clinician's ability to determine the stage of maturation of the vertebrae. Careful examination of reports of this technique shows methodologic flaws that can lead to inflated levels of reproducibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of CVM stage determination by using a more stringent methodology. Methods: Ten practicing orthodontists, trained in the CVM method, evaluated 30 individual and 30 pairs of cephalometric radiographs in 2 sessions to determine the CVM stage. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was determined by using the Kendall coefficient of concordance and the weighted kappa statistic. Results: All degrees of interobserver and intraobserver agreement were moderate (Kendall's W, 0.4-0.8). Interobserver agreement levels for CVM staging of the 10 orthodontists at both times were below 50%. Agreement improved marginally with the use of 2 longitudinal radiographs. Intraobserver agreement was only slightly better; on average, clinicians agreed with their own staging only 62% of the time. Conclusions: Based on these results, we cannot recommend the CVM method as a strict clinical guideline for the timing of orthodontic treatment. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:478.e1-478.e7) C1 [Southard, Karin A.; Southard, Thomas E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Orthodont, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gabriel, Daniel B.] USAF, Okinawa, Japan. [Qian, Fang] Univ Iowa, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Franciscus, Robert G.] Univ Iowa, Dept Anthropol, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Southard, KA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Orthodont, Coll Dent, S-221 Dent Sci Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM karin-southard@uiowa.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 136 IS 4 AR 478.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.028 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 503JH UT WOS:000270529700003 PM 19815136 ER PT J AU Johnson, KS Tankersley, MS AF Johnson, Kimberly S. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Smoking cessation toolbox for allergists SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; HEALTH-CARE; EMERGING PHARMACOTHERAPIES; NICOTINE PATCH; UNITED-STATES; LUNG AGE AB Objectives: To review nicotine addiction, to examine how tobacco use has a direct negative impact on common disorders seen in allergy practice, and to provide a summary of the national guidelines for treating tobacco use and dependence. Data Sources: OVID searches were performed cross-referencing the keywords tobacco cessation, tobacco use, environmental tobacco exposure, and smoking with multiple disorders commonly seen in allergy practice. References of the chosen articles were also examined. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to the subject matter and currency. Results: The current US smoking rate far exceeds the desired national goal established by Healthy People 2010. Efforts have been made by the US Public Health Department to streamline the treatment of smoking use and dependence for all physicians. Published research strongly supports the negative impact smoking has on asthma, chronic rhinitis, allergic sensitization, and immunodeficiency disorders. Conclusions: Allergists know the significant impact that smoking has and will make on the lives and health of patients. It is important for these specialists to make an impact on the chronic disease of tobacco addiction because it directly affects the care rendered. By using the standardized tobacco use treatment concept of the 5 A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange), allergists can make a positive impact on reducing US smoking rates and improve patient health. Screening, providing brief counseling, and prescribing first-line smoking cessation medications will help the United States get closer to achieving the national goal laid out in Healthy People 2010 of smoking rates of 12% or less. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103:271-279. C1 [Johnson, Kimberly S.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Johnson, KS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM kimberly.johnson@lackland.af.mil FU GlaxoSmithKline FX This educational activity is supported by an educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 509YP UT WOS:000271055500002 PM 19852190 ER PT J AU Steigelman, MB Norbury, KC Kilpadi, DV McNeil, JD AF Steigelman, Megan B. Norbury, Kenneth C. Kilpadi, Deepak V. McNeil, Jeffrey D. TI Cardiopulmonary Effects of Continuous Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Swine SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; PERISTERNAL THORACIC WALL; RIGHT-VENTRICULAR RUPTURE; BLOOD-FLOW; POSTSTERNOTOMY MEDIASTINITIS; CARDIAC-SURGERY; STERNAL WOUNDS; MANAGEMENT; DEVICE; BRIDGE AB Background. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used for complex sternotomy wounds. Some reports describe foam placement below the posterior sternal table. We compared the hemodynamic and pulmonary effects of foam location during NPWT after median sternotomy. Methods. Swine were randomized into four groups (n = 6 per group). A polyurethane open cell foam dressing was placed either within or below the sternal table. In one-half, a silicone mesh barrier was placed between the heart and the foam. The NPWT was applied at -125 mm Hg and then released to ambient pressure. This cycle was repeated two more times, and the foam was removed. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, mixed venous oxygenation, central venous pressure, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure were measured. Peak inspiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, work of breathing, and intrathoracic pressure measurements were recorded. Results. Intersternal placement of foam did not affect hemodynamic parameters. Substernal placement resulted in depression of hemodynamic variables which improved when negative pressure was applied. Pulmonary mechanics were not affected by foam location. Conclusions. Initial placement of the foam dressing below the posterior sternal table caused reversible depression of cardiac function which appears to be consistent with direct cardiac compression. NPWT therapy had no clinically significant impact on pulmonary parameters. The use of a protective barrier does not alter hemodynamic or pulmonary parameters but continues to be recommended when NPWT is used for sternotomy wounds. (Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 1277-83) (C) 2009 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons C1 [McNeil, Jeffrey D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Global R& Kinet Concepts Inc, Dept Physiol & Models, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McNeil, JD (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Dept Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM mcneil@uthscsa.edu FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Wilford Hall Medical Center and Kinetic Concepts Inc FX The authors wish to thank SSgt Tanya Green, Gene Deck, Barbara Collins, and Crissy Jenschke for their technical assistance, Mark Borromeo for preparing the figures, Zhenmei Liu for statistical analysis, and George Hutchinson, Margaret Marsh, Shannon Crenshaw, Nadeem Bridi, Deborah Shanley, and Royce Johnson for reviewing the manuscript. The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not represent the views of the United States Air Force, United States Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This project was entirely supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Wilford Hall Medical Center and Kinetic Concepts Inc. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.06.027 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 501NL UT WOS:000270388500034 PM 19766821 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, J AF Rodriguez, Jacob TI Predicting the Military Career Success of United States Air Force Academy Cadets SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE United States Air Force Academy; probit regression; career success; predictive modeling ID SOCIOLOGY; OFFICERS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that best predicted the military career success (twenty years of service and the achievement of the rank of lieutenant colonel) of Air Force Academy cadets. The Department of Institutional Research at the Air Force Academy provided the data. The sample included admitted cadets between 1982 and 1990. Three hypotheses were tested using probit regression: (1) admissions variables, (2) Academy variables, and (3) aeronautical status had a statistically significant impact on career success. The model was 97.34 percent accurate in predicting career failure, 12.50 percent accurate in predicting career success, and 75.57 percent accurate overall. These results suggest determinates of career success largely occur after graduation. They also suggest the possibility to identify those less likely to achieve career success using admissions and Academy variables. Academy leadership may design interventions to increase the likelihood cadets will achieve career success. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rodriguez, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X EI 1556-0848 J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1177/0095327X09337371 PG 21 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 496TK UT WOS:000270001300004 ER PT J AU Zeiler, C Velasco, AA AF Zeiler, Cleat Velasco, Aaron A. TI Seismogram Picking Error from Analyst Review (SPEAR): Single-Analyst and Institution Analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; EXPLOSIONS; RESIDUALS; ONSET AB We perform two experiments to define and isolate errors associated with picking seismic phases (the process of naming and measuring the arrivals of seismic phases). The first experiment establishes a method and model to describe picking errors for a single analyst measuring arrivals recorded on short-period instruments. The analyst's picks are constrained to earthquakes that had similar epicenters with stations at local to near-regional distances. We find that the main source of error for an individual analyst is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measured using a wideband spectral ratio (WSR). The pick error is 0.1 sec for measurements made with a WSR greater than 10. In some cases, errors that occur with high WSR (> 10) appear to result from the variability of the seismic signals, caused through magnitude or scaling differences and source specific differences. The second experiment confirms our hypothesis that institutions have approaches in measuring seismic arrivals that inherently cause the pick placement to differ from institute to institute. For the institute analysis, we use data collected from the International Seismological Center (ISC). The SNR is not reported in the ISC catalogs; however, we show that the distance from station to source is a factor that can define the error between picks made at different institutions. The error between picks increases with distance until the transition from regional phases to teleseismic (similar to 20-30 degrees), where the error is decreased by over 50%. The error then begins to increase after 40 degrees. Another factor of error may be that institutions name seismic phases differently. We also perform a one-way multivariate analysis of variance on the institutions and the pick information to show the institutions pick differently. Measurement differences between institutions are greater than measurement differences of a single analyst. The single-analyst measurement error can be defined as 0.1 sec for an experienced analyst picking local to regional phases on short-period instruments that have a WSR greater than 10. However, this precision level of measurement error is not valid when combining picks from multiple institutions. We need to define a new measurement error model for combining picks to establish velocity and earth models when merging data from multiple institutions; a seismic phase picking error model cannot be established from the current earthquake catalogs. C1 [Zeiler, Cleat; Velasco, Aaron A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Zeiler, C (reprint author), AF Tech Applicat Ctr, 1030 S Highway A1A, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RI Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012 FU SMART FX The research could not have been completed without the support of the MBMG and ISC. Special thanks are needed for Mike Stickney (Director of the ESO at the MBMG) and Dmitry Storchak (Director of the ISC) for providing the picks used in this article. The associate editor and anonymous reviewers also provided feedback that improved the quality of the article. Cleat Zeiler was funded through the SMART Fellowship (Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation Defense Scholarship for Service Program). NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2759 EP 2770 DI 10.1785/0120080131 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800009 ER PT J AU Pruitt, SL Shim, MJ Mullen, PD Vernon, SW Amick, BC AF Pruitt, Sandi L. Shim, Matthew J. Mullen, Patricia Dolan Vernon, Sally W. Amick, Benjamin C., III TI Association of Area Socioeconomic Status and Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Review ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; MULTILEVEL LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; EARLY-DETECTION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; AGGREGATE VARIABLES; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; NATIONAL SAMPLES; INVESTIGATING NEIGHBORHOOD AB Background: Although numerous studies have examined the association of area socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer screening after controlling for individual SES, findings have been inconsistent. A systematic review of existing studies is timely to identify conceptual and methodologic limitations and to provide a basis for future research directions and policy. Objective: The objectives were to (a) describe the study designs, constructs, methods, and measures; (b) describe the independent association of area SES and cancer screening; and (c) identify neglected areas of research. Methods: We searched six electronic databases and manually searched cited and citing articles. Eligible studies were published before 2008 in peer-reviewed journals in English, represented primary data on individuals ages >= 18 years from developed countries, and measured the association of area and individual SES with breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening. Results: Of 19 eligible studies, most measured breast cancer screening. Studies varied widely in research design, definitions, and measures of SES, cancer screening behaviors, and covariates. Eight employed multilevel logistic regression, whereas the remainder analyzed data with standard single-level logistic regression. The majority measured one or two indicators of area and individual SES; common indicators at both levels were poverty, income, and education. There was no consistent pattern in the association between area SES and cancer screening. Discussion: The gaps and conceptual and methodologic heterogeneity in the literature to date limit definitive conclusions about an underlying association between area SES and cancer screening. We identify five areas of research deserving greater attention in the literature. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2579-99) C1 [Pruitt, Sandi L.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Hlth Behav Res, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City, TX USA. [Mullen, Patricia Dolan; Vernon, Sally W.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Vernon, Sally W.; Amick, Benjamin C., III] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. [Amick, Benjamin C., III] Inst Work & Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Pruitt, SL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Hlth Behav Res, Campus Box 8504,4444 Forest Pk Ave,Suite 6700, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM spruitt@dom.wustl.edu RI Pruitt, Sandi/I-9702-2012 FU University of Texas School of Public Health Cancer Education and Career Development Program; NIH/National Cancer Institute [2 R25 CA 57712, RO1 CA97263, RO1 CA112223]; Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation; Siteman Cancer Center Prevention and Control Program FX University of Texas School of Public Health Cancer Education and Career Development Program, NIH/National Cancer Institute #2 R25 CA 57712 (predoctoral fellowship) and Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation, Siteman Cancer Center Prevention and Control Program (postdoctoral fellowship; S.L. Pruitt) and NIH/National Cancer Institute grants RO1 CA97263 and RO1 CA112223 (S.W. Vemon). NR 111 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2579 EP 2599 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0135 PG 21 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505NZ UT WOS:000270702100002 PM 19815634 ER PT J AU Dennis, LK Coughlin, JA McKinnon, BC Wells, TS Gaydos, CA Hamsikova, E Gray, GC AF Dennis, Leslie K. Coughlin, Julie A. McKinnon, Brittany C. Wells, Timothy S. Gaydos, Charlotte A. Hamsikova, Eva Gray, Gregory C. TI Sexually Transmitted Infections and Prostate Cancer among Men in the US Military SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; DISEASES; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS-18 AB Studies of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) suggesting an association with prostate cancer may reflect underreporting of such infections among nondiseased subjects. To reduce such bias, we studied archived sera in a cohort of U.S. military personnel known to have high rates of both STIs and prostate cancer. Using a nested case-control design, serum samples from 534 men who served on active duty between September 1, 1993 and September 1, 2003 were examined. Controls were individually matched to cases based on date of serum collection, date of birth, branch of service, military rank, marital status, and race. Each of the 267 case-control pairs had two serum samples: a recent serum sample, taken similar to 1 year before the case's prostate cancer diagnosis, and an earlier serum sample, taken similar to 8 years before diagnosis. Each serum specimen was studied for antibodies against human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis. Logistic regression accounted for matching and potential confounding factors. Study data indicated no association between prostate cancer and serologic evidence of infections just before the reference date. However, a statistically significant association between prostate cancer and serologic evidence of HSV-2 infection was detected in the earlier sample (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.44). The strength of this association increased when analyses were restricted to sera collected at least 60 months before diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.29; 204 pairs). If this association is causal, then our findings would suggest a long latency period for prostate cancer development after HSV-2 infection. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2665-71) C1 [Dennis, Leslie K.; Coughlin, Julie A.; McKinnon, Brittany C.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gaydos, Charlotte A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hamsikova, Eva] Inst Hematol & Blood Transfus, Dept Expt Virol, CR-12820 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Dennis, LK (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 200 Hawkins Dr C21-G GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM leslie-dennis@uiowa.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 FU Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs [W81XWH-04-1-0163] FX Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant W81XWH-04-1-0163. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2665 EP 2671 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1167 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505NZ UT WOS:000270702100013 PM 19755645 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, M Luckarift, HR Sarsenova, A Wild, JR Ramanculov, EK Olsen, EV Simonian, AL AF Ramanathan, Madhumati Luckarift, Heather R. Sarsenova, Ainur Wild, James R. Ramanculov, Erlan K. Olsen, Eric V. Simonian, Aleksandr L. TI Lysozyme-mediated formation of protein-silica nano-composites for biosensing applications SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Lysozyme; Silicification; Silica; OPH; Array biosensor; Paraoxon ID TIO2 THIN-FILMS; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; ENZYME; FLUORESCENCE; BIOSILICA; PEPTIDES; TITANIA; SURFACE AB We demonstrate a rapid method for enzyme immobilization directly on a waveguide surface by encapsulation in a silica matrix. Organophosphate hydrolase (OPH). an enzyme that catalytically hydrolyzes organophosphates, was used as a model enzyme to demonstrate the utility of lysozyme-mediated silica formation for enzyme stabilization. Silica morphology and the efficiency of OPH encapsulation were directly influenced by the precursor choice used in silica formation. Covalent attachment of the lysozyme template directly to the waveguide surface provided a stable basis for silica formation and significantly increased the surface area for OPH encapsulation. OPH conjugated to a pH-responsive fluorophore was encapsulated in silica and patterned to a waveguide surface to demonstrate the immobilization strategy for the development of an organophosphate array biodetector. Silica-encapsulated OPH retained its catalytic activity for nearly 60 days with a detection limit of paraoxon of similar to 35 mu M. The encapsulation technique provides a potentially versatile tool with specific application to biosensor development. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Simonian, Aleksandr L.] Auburn Univ, Samuel Ginn Coll Engn, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Wilmore Labs 274, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sarsenova, Ainur; Ramanculov, Erlan K.] Natl Ctr Biotechnol Republ Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan. [Wild, James R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Olsen, Eric V.] 81st Med Grp, Clin Res Facil, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Simonian, AL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Samuel Ginn Coll Engn, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Wilmore Labs 274, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM simonal@auburn.edu RI Ramanculov, Erlan/E-2823-2013 FU NSF [CTS-0330189] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Glenn R. Johnson (Airforce Research Laboratory)for his useful suggestions. This work was supported by NSF under the Grant CTS-0330189, by NC13 of Republic of Kazakhstan Grant #65, by USAF SG approved Clinical Investigation FDG20060049N and USAF CRADA 08-272-60MDG-CRADA01, and by the USDA-CSREES under grant 2006-34394-16953. Additionally, this material was based on work which supported A ' L ' S ' by the National Science Foundation, while working at the Foundation. Any opinion, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.04.024 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 479KF UT WOS:000268657500009 PM 19481427 ER PT J AU Marentette, KA Johnson, AW Mills, L AF Marentette, Kenneth A. Johnson, Alan W. Mills, Lisa TI A measure of cross-training benefit versus job skill specialization SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Workforce assessment; Cross-training; Cost/benefit; Efficiency ID SERVICE SYSTEMS AB Given ever-higher labor costs, organizations should periodically assess the match of personnel skills and quantities with required duties. Consolidating similar functional specialties can improve efficiency by increasing staffing for high-demand jobs, or by identifying areas where staff may be reduced. However, such consolidation activities are often done anecdotally, and can potentially overlook successful skill pairings. We propose a model that enables an objective, repeatable skills consolidation assessment process. Our model-a cost/benefit ratio-identifies skill pairings which are likely to merge successfully, by comparing the costs of training to the benefits of increased staffing level efficiencies for these jobs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Alan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marentette, Kenneth A.; Mills, Lisa] Headquarters United States AF, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kenneth.marentette@pentagon.af.mil; Alan.johnson@afit.edu; lisa.mills@pentagon.af.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.cie.2009.03.010 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 548CU UT WOS:000273938000033 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, TM Kirkpatrick, TC Rutledge, RE AF Chamberlain, Thaddeus M. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Rutledge, Richard E. TI pH changes in external root surface cavities after calcium hydroxide is placed at 1, 3 and 5 mm short of the radiographic apex SO DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; DENTIN; DIFFUSION; PERIOD; TEETH AB The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the pH on the external apical dentin surface when the canal is completely filled with calcium hydroxide or when it is placed 3 or 5 mm short of the apical foramen in extracted human teeth. The root canals of single-rooted anterior human teeth were cleaned and shaped after decoronation. Cavities about 0.50 mm deep and 1.0 mm wide located at 1, 3 and 5 mm from the radiographic apex were prepared on the external root surface and the teeth were randomly divided into four groups. The roots were filled with calcium hydroxide at 1, 3 and 5 mm from the radiographic apex, and the control group was left empty. pH readings were obtained at intervals over a 28-day study. The roots which were filled within 1 mm of the radiographic apex had the greatest increase in pH in each of the cavities. These results demonstrate that the greatest pH change on the external root surface near the apex is obtained when the canal is more completely filled with calcium hydroxide. C1 [Chamberlain, Thaddeus M.; Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rutledge, Richard E.] USAF, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Chamberlain, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM endohawk@gmail.com NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-4469 J9 DENT TRAUMATOL JI Dent. Traumatol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00806.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 492ZB UT WOS:000269700900003 PM 19709131 ER PT J AU Carroll, J Efstathiou, C Lambros, J Sehitoglu, H Hauber, B Spottswood, S Chona, R AF Carroll, J. Efstathiou, C. Lambros, J. Sehitoglu, H. Hauber, B. Spottswood, S. Chona, R. TI Investigation of fatigue crack closure using multiscale image correlation experiments SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Digital image correlation; Fatigue crack closure; Fatigue; Crack growth; Titanium ID LOAD AB Two full-field macroscale methods are introduced for estimating fatigue crack opening levels based on digital image correlation (DIC) displacement measurements near the crack tip. Crack opening levels from these two full-field methods are compared to results from a third (microscale) method that directly measures opening of the crack flanks immediately behind the crack tip using two-point DIC displacement gages. Of the two full-field methods, the first one measures effective stress intensity factors through the displacement field (over a wide region behind and ahead of the crack tip). This method reveals crack opening levels comparable to the limiting values (crack opening levels far from the crack tip) from the third method (microscale). The second full-field method involves a compliance offset measurement based on displacements obtained near the crack tip. This method delivers results comparable to crack tip opening levels from the microscale two-point method. The results of these experiments point to a normalized crack tip opening level of 0.35 for R similar to 0 loading in grade 2 titanium. This opening level was found at low and intermediate Delta K levels. It is shown that the second full-field macroscale method indicates crack opening levels comparable to surface crack tip opening levels (corresponding to unzipping of the entire crack). This indicates that effective stress intensity factors determined from full-field displacements could be used to predict crack opening levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambros, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carroll, J.; Efstathiou, C.; Sehitoglu, H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hauber, B.; Spottswood, S.; Chona, R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lambros, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, 104 S Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lambros@uiuc.edu RI Carroll, Jay/K-2720-2012 OI Carroll, Jay/0000-0002-5818-4709 FU Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC); U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-06-2-3620] FX This work was supported by the Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC). The MSSC is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate under contract number FA8650-06-2-3620. Computer programs for synchronizing the load frame with the camera were provided by Rick Rottet of the Advanced Materials Testing and Evaluation Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 76 IS 15 BP 2384 EP 2398 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.08.002 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 514AF UT WOS:000271365000006 ER PT J AU Charness, N Jastrzembski, T AF Charness, N. Jastrzembski, T. TI BENEFITS OF GOMS ANALYSIS FOR DESIGN FOR OLDER TECHNOLOGY USERS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Charness, N.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Jastrzembski, T.] AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 BP 446 EP 447 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 519UL UT WOS:000271794200191 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Rodriguez, R AF Fadare, Oluwole Rodriguez, Rosemarie TI The significance of marked nuclear atypia in grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nuclear atypia; Grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Squamous intraepithelial lesion; Human papillomavirus ID RISK HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; FOLLOW-UP; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; SQUAMOUS-CELLS; CANCER; LESIONS; INFECTION AB Approximately 10% to 15% of cases of grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are found to have progressed to a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or higher at follow-tip, and there are presently no reliable morphological predictors of this subset. It has recently been reported that cases of grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that display marked nuclear atypia (defined as cases with at least 5 epithelial cells with nuclear enlargement of at least 5 times the size of an intermediate cell, and/or multinucleation of at least 5 nuclei.) have a substantially higher rate of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on short-term follow-Lip and may, therefore, require more aggressive initial management. We report herein our experience with a cohort of such cases. After a review of consecutive cervical biopsies, 352 cases with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were classified into group 1 (grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with marked atypia, n = 31) and group 2 (grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Without marked atypia, n = 321). The average follow-up rates for groups 1 and 2 were 93.55% (29/31) and 90.65% (291/321), respectively. Average follow-up durations were 14.3 and 17.9 months, respectively. The follow-up high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion rate of the cases with marked atypia was 10.34%, as compared with 11.68% for cases without marked atypia. The follow-up interpretive frequency (in cytologic samples) of "low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion" was significantly higher in group 1(19/29 versus 114/291, P = .009). However, no significant differences were identified between groups 1 and 2 regarding the interpretive frequencies of either high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (3/29 versus 34/291, P = 1) or "negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy" (6/29 versus 56/291, P = .8) in follow-tip cytologic samples. In subsets of both groups in which high-risk human papillomavirus testing was performed in the Papanicolaou test sample that immediately preceded the index cervical biopsies, no significant differences in viral load were found. In conclusion, grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with marked atypia does not have a higher follow-up high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion rate than grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia without marked atypia in our patient population. Further studies are required to address the significance of marked atypia in grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and whether patients with this finding should be managed differently. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Rodriguez, Rosemarie] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 1161 21st Ave S,MCN, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1487 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.03.015 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 498TM UT WOS:000270166200017 PM 19540559 ER PT J AU Suri, N Benvegnu, E Tortonesi, M Stefanelli, C Kovach, J Hanna, J AF Suri, Niranjan Benvegnu, Erika Tortonesi, Mauro Stefanelli, Cesare Kovach, Jesse Hanna, James TI Communications Middleware for Tactical Environments: Observations, Experiences, and Lessons Learned SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Tactical networking environments present significant challenges that must be overcome in order to effectively support net-centric warfare. The wireless and ad hoc nature of these networks implies unreliable connectivity, limited bandwidth, and variable latency. Past and current research has focused on physical and data link layers, routing protocols, transport protocols, and cross-layer aspects. However, significant work is needed at the upper layers to better support application requirements. In our experience, achieving effective communications in tactical environments requires taking into account application requirements and communication patterns, designing a rich interface between the application and communication layers, and realizing a communications middleware specifically adapted to tactical networks. In this article, we report on our observations from several tactical networking experiments and demonstrations and the lessons learned from deployment of the Mockets middleware to support tactical communications. We hope these experiences are useful to others designing and implementing applications and systems for tactical environments. C1 [Stefanelli, Cesare] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Kovach, Jesse] USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Informat Proc Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Hanna, James] USAF, Res Lab, Enterprise Informat Management Branch, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM nsuri@ihmc.us; mauro.tortonesi@unife.it; ebenvegnu@ihmc.us; cesare.stefanelli@unife.it; jkovach@arl.army.mil; james.hanna@rl.af.mil OI Tortonesi, Mauro/0000-0002-7417-4455 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-04-2-0013, DAAD19-01-2-0009]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-2-0064] FX This research was sponsored in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0013, by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0009, and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement FA8750-06-2-0064. Figure 1 is courtesy of the Northrop-Grumman Corporation, Melbourne, FL. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2009.5273809 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 503OW UT WOS:000270548300007 ER PT J AU Beasley, JN Holmes, MR Yeh, HG AF Beasley, Joseph N. Holmes, Michael R. Yeh, Hen-Geul TI Wave Front Sensor for Solar Concentrator Control (October 2007) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This article is the culmination of research directed into finding a system to control the position of the focal spot of paraboloid concentrators for use in terrestrial and space solar concentration applications. After a brief introduction into the area of study, the article describes how a normal Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor is modified for use in detecting and tracking the focal spot. The paper details the analysis and development of the algorithms used in locating the focal spot on a thruster absorber utilizing a correlation method and an area centroid method. The article concludes with a paragraph on suitable future work. C1 [Beasley, Joseph N.] USAF, Res Lab, Expt Demonstrat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Holmes, Michael R.] USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Yeh, Hen-Geul] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Elect Engn, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Beasley, JN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Expt Demonstrat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.beasley@edwards.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1319 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 550QV UT WOS:000274144200005 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, Robert A. Yaghjian, Arthur D. TI Traveling Waves on Three-Dimensional Periodic Arrays of Two Different Alternating Magnetodielectric Spheres SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Alternating magnetodielectric spheres; dispersion equation; metamaterials; periodic arrays ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PENETRABLE SPHERES; SOURCE REGION; LOSSLESS; MATRIX AB An exact k - beta (dispersion) equation to within the dipole scattering approximation has been obtained for a 3D array of two different alternating magnetodielectric spheres. The dispersion equation has the form of equating to zero the determinant of a system of four homogeneous equations in the normalized scattered field coefficients. Computationally efficient expressions are obtained for the coefficients of the homogeneous equation system as functions of the sphere radii, permittivities, and permeabilities, the free-space electrical separation distance of the array elements (kd), and the electrical separation distance (beta d) for the traveling wave supported by the array. For a given value of kd and an array of lossless scatterers the determinant equation can be solved for real beta d by a simple search procedure. For an array of lossy scatterers beta d is complex and a more difficult minimization in the complex plane is required to solve the determinant equation. The solution to the dispersion equation also yields values for the effective permittivity and permeability of the array regarded as a continuous medium. Computations were performed to investigate the performance of two-sphere arrays of lossless dielectric spheres, with the permittivities and radii of the two different dielectric spheres composing the array chosen so that the first magnetic dipole resonant frequency of one set of spheres equals the first electric dipole resonant frequency of the second set of spheres. Although it is shown that arrays composed of two different alternating purely dielectric spheres can behave as isotropic DNG media unlike arrays of identical dielectric spheres, the bandwidths are considerably narrower than those achievable with arrays of identical magnetodielectric spheres with appreciable permittivity and permeability close to each other. The practicality of using arrays of alternating two different purely dielectric spheres to fabricate DNG media depends on whether the narrow bandwidths are acceptable for the desired applications. C1 [Shore, Robert A.; Yaghjian, Arthur D.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.shore@hanscom.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 10 BP 3077 EP 3091 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2024495 PN 2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 505UP UT WOS:000270723600014 ER PT J AU Matungka, R Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Matungka, Rittavee Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. TI Image Registration Using Adaptive Polar Transform SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive polar transform (APT); alteration; image registration; occlusion; rotation; scale; translation ID MOTION ESTIMATION; SCALE; IMPLEMENTATION; TRANSLATION; ROTATION AB Image registration is an essential step in many image processing applications that need visual information from multiple images for comparison, integration, or analysis. Recently, researchers have introduced image registration techniques using the log-polar transform (LPT) for its rotation and scale invariant properties. However, it suffers from nonuniform sampling which makes it not suitable for applications in which the registered images are altered or occluded. Inspired by LPT, this paper presents a new registration algorithm that addresses the problems of the conventional LPT while maintaining the robustness to scale and rotation. We introduce a novel adaptive polar transform (APT) technique that evenly and effectively samples the image in the Cartesian coordinates. Combining APT with an innovative projection transform along with a matching mechanism, the proposed method yields less computational load and more accurate registration than that of the conventional LPT. Translation between the registered images is recovered with the new search scheme using Gabor feature extraction to accelerate the localization procedure. Moreover an image comparison scheme is proposed for locating the area where the image pairs differ. Experiments on real images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach for registering images that are subjected to occlusion and alteration in addition to scale, rotation, and translation. C1 [Matungka, Rittavee; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zheng, Yuan F.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Ewing, Robert L.] AFRL, RYRT, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matungka, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM matungkr@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [IIS-0328802]; NFSC [60632040] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIS-0328802, and in part by the NFSC under Grant 60632040. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Peter C. Doerschuk. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2340 EP 2354 DI 10.1109/TIP.2009.2025010 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 493ED UT WOS:000269715500016 PM 19520638 ER PT J AU Kosai, H McNeal, S Jordan, B Scofield, J Ray, B Turgut, Z AF Kosai, Hiroyuki McNeal, Seana Jordan, Brett Scofield, James Ray, Biswajit Turgut, Zafer TI Coupled Inductor Characterization for a High Performance Interleaved Boost Converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference 2009 (INTERMAG) CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE DE Interleaved boost converter; magnetic core; magnetic flux AB Interleaved power converter topologies have received increasing attention in recent years for high power and high performance applications. The advantages of interleaved boost converters include increased efficiency, reduced size, reduced electromagnetic emission, faster transient response, and improved reliability. The front end inductors in an interleaved boost converter are magnetically coupled to improve electrical performance and reduce size and weight. Compared to a direct coupled configuration, inverse coupling provides the advantages of lower inductor ripple current and negligible dc flux levels in the core. In this paper, we explore the possible advantages of core geometry on core losses and converter efficiency. Analysis of FEA simulation and empirical characterization data indicates a potential superiority of a square core, with symmetric 45 degrees energy storage corner gaps, for providing both ac flux balance and maximum dc flux cancellation when wound in an inverse coupled configuration. C1 [Kosai, Hiroyuki; Turgut, Zafer] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [McNeal, Seana; Jordan, Brett; Scofield, James] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ray, Biswajit] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Kosai, H (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM hiroyuki.kosai@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 10 SI SI BP 4812 EP 4815 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024639 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 498OA UT WOS:000270149700358 ER PT J AU Petrosky, JC McClory, JW Gray, TE Uhlman, TA AF Petrosky, James C. McClory, John W. Gray, Thomas E. Uhlman, Troy A. TI Trap Assisted Tunneling Induced Currents in Neutron Irradiated AlGaN/GaN HFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HFET; GaN; neutron radiation effects; tunneling ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS AB AlGaN/GaN HFET's were cooled to similar to 85 K and irradiated to a fluence of 10(12) n/cm(2) (1 MeV equivalent) and gate currents measured. The observed increased gate leakage current was studied by curve-fitting a 4-parameter thermionic trap assisted tunneling model to the experimental measurements. The model parameters were constrained and a least-squares fitting routine was applied to best fit the gate current's voltage and temperature dependence. The results were used to provide an interpretation of the physical changes to the HFET gate following neutron irradiation. The fitting showed that Schottky barrier lowering plays a minor role in post irradiation gate leakage, and trap density and mean trap energy were the dominant post irradiation gate leakage parameters. The similar to 25% increase in trap density and similar to 7 mV increase in mean trap energy indicated that neutron elastic collisions produce additional non-native defects within the AlGaN gate region. C1 [Petrosky, James C.; McClory, John W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gray, Thomas E.] USSTRATCOM, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. [Uhlman, Troy A.] DOE Washington, NNSA, Washington, DC USA. RP Petrosky, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Manuscript received July 13, 2008, revised November 28, 2008 Current version published October 07, 2009. This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2905 EP 2909 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2011807 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 510OX UT WOS:000271100600017 ER PT J AU Ferrara, M Arnold, G Stuff, M AF Ferrara, Matthew Arnold, Gregory Stuff, Mark TI Shape and Motion Reconstruction from 3D-to-1D Orthographically Projected Data via Object-Image Relations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Geometric invariants; object-image relation; factorization method; shape from motion; orthographic projection; moving-target imaging ID TARGETS AB This paper describes an invariant-based shape-and motion reconstruction algorithm for 3D-to-1D orthographically projected range data taken from unknown viewpoints. The algorithm exploits the object-image relation that arises in echo-based range data and represents a simplification and unification of previous work in the literature. Unlike one proposed approach, this method does not require uniqueness constraints, which makes its algorithmic form independent of the translation removal process (centroid removal, range alignment, etc.). The new algorithm, which simultaneously incorporates every projection and does not use an initialization in the optimization process, requires fewer calculations and is more straightforward than the previous approach. Additionally, the new algorithm is shown to be the natural extension of the approach developed by Tomasi and Kanade for 3D-to-2D orthographically projected data and is applied to a realistic inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging scenario, as well as experiments with varying amounts of aperture diversity and noise. C1 [Ferrara, Matthew; Arnold, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Stuff, Mark] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.ferrara@afrl.af.mil; gregory.arnold@afrl.af.mil; mastuff@mtu.edu FU AFOSR FX This work was supported in part by the AFOSR laboratory tasks under the direction of Arje Nachman and Jon Sjogren, as well as AFRL Sensors Directorate 6.2 project funding. The authors would like to thank Margaret Cheney, Vince Velten, Peter Stiller, Kirk Sturtz, and Rob Williams for reviewing earlier drafts of this paper. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the US Air Force, US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1906 EP 1912 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.294 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 483VK UT WOS:000268996500014 PM 19696458 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Coop, CA Tankersley, MS AF Calabria, Christopher W. Coop, Christopher A. Tankersley, Michael S. TI The LOCAL Study: Local reactions do not predict local reactions in allergen immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Local reaction; large local reaction; systemic reaction; subcutaneous immunotherapy; safety ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; RUSH-IMMUNOTHERAPY; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; DOSE ADJUSTMENT; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREMEDICATION; PRETREATMENT; INJECTIONS; VENOM AB Background: Although previous immunotherapy studies have demonstrated that a local reaction does not predict a systemic reaction, no study has investigated whether a local reaction predicts a local reaction. Objective: To determine whether a local reaction predicts a local reaction at the next immunotherapy injection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of an electronic immunotherapy database over a 12-month period was performed at a single site that did not dose-adjust for local reactions. Total injections, small local reactions (less than or equal to the size of patient's palm), large local reactions (LLRs; larger than the patient's palm), systemic reactions, and whether a local reaction was followed by a local reaction were recorded. Results: Between August 2005 and July 2006, 360 patients received a total of 9678 injections. Of all patients, 78.3% had at least I local reaction, and 7.5% had an LLR. The total local reaction rate was 16.3% (1574/9678), the small local reaction rate was 15.9% (1536/9678), and the LLR rate was 0.4% (38/9678). Of all local reactions followed by another injection, 27.2% were followed by a local reaction. The sensitivity and positive predictive value for a local reaction predicting a local reaction at the next injection were 26.2% and 27.2%, respectively. In contrast, the specificity for the absence of a local reaction predicting the absence of a subsequent local reaction was 85.5%. For LLRs, only 6.0% were followed by another LLR; the sensitivity, positive predictive value, and specificity were 5.2%, 6.0%, and 99.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In a clinic that does not dose-adjust for local reactions, local reactions do not predict local reactions at the next immunotherapy injection. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:739-44.) C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Coop, Christopher A.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 124 IS 4 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.048 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 506UV UT WOS:000270802800018 PM 19767075 ER PT J AU Pan, E Zou, Y Chung, PW Albrecht, JD AF Pan, Ernie Zou, Yu Chung, Peter W. Albrecht, John D. TI Strain-induced variations of electronic energy band edges of embedded semiconductor quantum dots in half-space substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1.5 MU-M; PIEZOELECTRIC FIELDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INAS/GAAS; EMISSION; INAS AB The strain-induced local electronic band edge states in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are studied using a k.p description of the electronic eigenstates coupled with the induced lattice strain as calculated using the continuum mechanics (CM) description. In the CM method, the misfit-lattice induced strain can be reduced to an analytical expression that is straightforward to evaluate numerically. Different from most previous analyses for QDs in infinite spaces, we address cubic and pyramidal QDs located in half-space substrates with different lattice orientations, which more realistically describe experimental situations in most instances. The band edges within the cubic and pyramidal InAs QDs embedded in GaAs substrates are predicted within the six-band k.p basis via both a published approximation and the presented exact approach. Comparison of the strain-induced local band edge shows that the approximate method adopted previously in literature could result in a substantial error near the interface region of the QD. The strain-induced band edges along the bottom center line of the QD can differ by a factor of 2 between the two approaches. Furthermore, the effect of the free surface on the strain-induced band edges is studied by varying the depth of the buried QD. When the QD is moved away from the surface, the band edges converge in a consistent way to the infinite-space solution. Comparison with available experimental results validates our exact model within the half-space substrate and shows the importance of treating the surface in a theoretically rigorous way. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3234383] C1 [Pan, Ernie; Zou, Yu] Univ Akron, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Coll Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Chung, Peter W.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Albrecht, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Coll Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 7 AR 073504 DI 10.1063/1.3234383 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 508FT UT WOS:000270915600026 ER PT J AU Tully, CC Romanelli, AM Sutton, DA Wickes, BL Hospenthal, DR AF Tully, Charla C. Romanelli, Anna M. Sutton, Deanna A. Wickes, Brian L. Hospenthal, Duane R. TI Fatal Actinomucor elegans var. kuwaitiensis Infection following Combat Trauma SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS MUCORMYCOSIS; ABSIDIA-CORYMBIFERA; ZYGOMYCOSIS; TAIWANENSIS; PATIENT; DNA AB We report the first case of invasive mucormycosis secondary to Actinomucor elegans infection. A severely injured soldier with a fatal A. elegans var. kuwaitiensis infection is described. The identification of this fungus was performed by classical and molecular methods, and this report documents the pathogenicity of the recently described variety Actinomucor elegans var. kuwaitiensis. C1 [Hospenthal, Duane R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Tully, Charla C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Romanelli, Anna M.; Wickes, Brian L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Fungus Testing Lab, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Wickes, Brian L.; Hospenthal, Duane R.] San Antonio Ctr Med Mycol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hospenthal, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM duane.hospenthal@amedd.army.mil FU NIDCR [DE14318]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [PR054228] FX A. M. R. was supported by NIDCR grant DE14318 ( CO STAR). B. L. W. was supported by grant PR054228 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 3394 EP 3399 DI 10.1128/JCM.00797-09 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 501BC UT WOS:000270351700057 PM 19675213 ER PT J AU Morris, MF Kirkpatrick, TC Rutledge, RE Schindler, WG AF Morris, Michael F. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Rutledge, Richard E. Schindler, William G. TI Comparison of Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment and Single-tooth Implants SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Review DE Implant-supported crown; root canal; root canal treatment; single-tooth implant; success-failure; treatment planning ID ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH; SUPPORTED RESTORATIONS; ORAL IMPLANTS; OUTCOMES; SURVIVAL; BONE; COMPLICATIONS; REPLACEMENT; POPULATION; EXTRACTION AB Introduction: The aim of this review was to compare the differences between nonsurgical root canal treatment and single-tooth implants. With the emerging field of implant dentistry gaining acceptance, the choice to retain a diseased tooth through the use of root carA therapy or extract it and replace the tooth with an implant-supported crown has become controversial. Many practitioners consider the single-tooth implant as a reasonable alternative to the preservation of a diseased tooth. Methods: An extensive search of the dental literature was accomplished to identify publications related to the differences in root canal therapy and dental implants. Several comparative studies were also considered. Results: The treatment modalities were reviewed with respect to outcome measures and study design, success/failure, functional rehabilitation and psychological differences, complications related to treatment, cost differences, and factors influencing treatment planning considerations. Conclusions: With the reviewed information in hand, the practitioner should be better prepared to determine which treatment option is most appropriate for each individual patient. (I Endod 2009;35:1325-1330) C1 [Morris, Michael F.; Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.; Rutledge, Richard E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Schindler, William G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, TC (reprint author), Endodont Residency,Wilford Hall Med Ctr,59th Dent, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Timothy.Kirkpatrick@lackland.af.mil NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2009.07.003 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 509RX UT WOS:000271037200001 PM 19801224 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark E. TI Borrowed Soldiers: Americans Under British Command, 1918 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grotelueschen, Mark E.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1363 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 503TP UT WOS:000270563400057 ER PT J AU Muller, RR AF Muller, Richard R. TI Intelligence and Anglo-American Air Support in World War Two: The Western Desert and Tunisia, 1940-43 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Muller, Richard R.] USAF, Sch Adv Air & Space Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Muller, RR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Adv Air & Space Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1371 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 503TP UT WOS:000270563400063 ER PT J AU Davidson, SA Gilkey, RH Colburn, HS Carney, LH AF Davidson, Sean A. Gilkey, Robert H. Colburn, H. Steven Carney, Laurel H. TI Diotic and dichotic detection with reproducible chimeric stimuli SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MASKING-LEVEL DIFFERENCES; BINAURAL DETECTION; NOISE MASKERS; NARROW-BAND; AUDITORY-PERCEPTION; QUANTITATIVE MODEL; HIGH-FREQUENCIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; ENVELOPE; LATERALIZATION AB Subject responses were measured for individual narrow-band reproducible stimuli in a low-frequency tone-in-noise detection task. Both NOSO and NOS, conditions were examined. The goal of the experiment was to determine the relative importance of envelope and fine-structure cues. Therefore, chimeric stimuli were generated by recombining envelopes and fine structures from different reproducible stimuli. Detection judgments for noise-alone or tone-plus-noise stimuli that had common envelopes but different fine structures or common fine structures but different envelopes were compared. The results showed similar patterns of responses to stimuli that shared envelopes, indicating the importance of envelope cues; however, fine-structure cues were also shown to be important. The relative weight assigned to envelope and fine-structure cues varied across subjects and across interaural conditions. The results also indicated that envelope and fine-structure information are not processed independently. Implications for monaural and binaural models of masking are discussed. (C) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3203996] C1 [Davidson, Sean A.] Syracuse Univ, Inst Sensory Res, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Gilkey, Robert H.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gilkey, Robert H.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colburn, H. Steven] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Hearing Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carney, Laurel H.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Carney, LH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Biomed Engn, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, 601 Elmwood Ave,POB 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM laurel.carney@rochester.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00100, R01 DC000100, R01 DC001641]; PHS HHS [001641, F31 077798] NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1889 EP 1905 DI 10.1121/1.3203996 PN 1 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 506MJ UT WOS:000270778600025 PM 19813803 ER PT J AU Davidson, SA Gilkey, RH Colburn, HS Carney, LH AF Davidson, Sean A. Gilkey, Robert H. Colburn, H. Steven Carney, Laurel H. TI An evaluation of models for diotic and dichotic detection in reproducible noises SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NARROW-BAND; CONTRALATERAL INHIBITION; BINAURAL DETECTION; AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; QUANTITATIVE MODEL; SIGNAL-DETECTION; INTERAURAL TIME; AUDITORY-SYSTEM; TEMPORAL MODEL; MASKING AB Several psychophysical models for masked detection were evaluated using reproducible noises. The data were hit and false-alarm rates from three psychophysical studies of detection of 500-Hz tones in reproducible noise under diotic (N0S0) and dichotic (N0S pi) conditions with four stimulus bandwidths (50, 100, 115, and 2900 Hz). Diotic data were best predicted by an energy-based multiple-detector model that linearly combined stimulus energies at the outputs of several critical-band filters. The tone-plus-noise trials in the dichotic data were best predicted by models that linearly combined either the average values or the standard deviations of interaural time and level differences; however, these models offered no predictions for noise-alone responses. The decision variables of more complicated temporal models, including the models of Dau et al. [(1996a). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 3615-3622] and Breebaart et al. [(2001a). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1074-1088], were weakly correlated with subjects' responses. Comparisons of the dependencies of each model on envelope and fine-structure cues to those in the data suggested that dependence upon both envelope and fine structure, as well as an interaction between them, is required to predict the detection results. (C) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3206583] C1 [Davidson, Sean A.; Carney, Laurel H.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Inst Sensory Res, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Carney, Laurel H.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Gilkey, Robert H.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gilkey, Robert H.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colburn, H. Steven] Boston Univ, Hearing Res Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carney, Laurel H.] Univ Rochester, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Carney, LH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Inst Sensory Res, 621 Skytop Rd, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM laurel.carney@rochester.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC000100, R01 DC001641]; PHS HHS [00100, 01641, F31 077798] NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1906 EP 1925 DI 10.1121/1.3206583 PN 1 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 506MJ UT WOS:000270778600026 PM 19813804 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Xu, Y Shih, YCT Giordano, SH Smith, BD Hunt, KK Strom, EA Perkins, GH Hortobagyi, GN Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Grace L. Xu, Ying Shih, Ya-Chen T. Giordano, Sharon H. Smith, Benjamin D. Hunt, Kelly K. Strom, Eric A. Perkins, George H. Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. Buchholz, Thomas A. TI Breast-Conserving Surgery in Older Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer: Current Patterns of Treatment Across the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID COMPARING TOTAL MASTECTOMY; MEDICARE CLAIMS DATA; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; 20-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RADIATION-THERAPY; LOCAL THERAPY; WOMEN; RADIOTHERAPY; DISPARITIES; CARE AB BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy is as effective as mastectomy for treatment of early invasive breast cancer. But earlier studies report low BCS use rates of 12% to 43% nationally, especially in older patients. We sought to determine current patterns and predictors of BCS use. STUDY DESIGN: In a national Medicare database of all beneficiaries (age greater than 65 years) with incident invasive breast cancer treated with operation in 2003, claims codes identified BCS versus mastectomy and demographic, treatment, and geographic region covariates. The 2003 Area Resource File provided socioeconomic covariates. Logistic regression modeled predictors of BCS. RESULTS: In 56,725 women, 59% were treated with BCS versus 41% with mastectomy. BCS was more likely in women who were Younger than 70 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.44; p < 0.001) and had lymph node-negative disease (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.68; p < 0.001). Socioeconomic factors influenced use, with BCS more likely in areas with low poverty (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.09; p = 0.03), high education (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.19), high density of radiation oncologists (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59), and in metropolitan areas (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.26). Significant geographic variation existed: 70% of women were treated with BCS in northeastern New England compared with only 48% to 50% in the South (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, more than half of older women across the US diagnosed with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer treated surgically receive BCS, representing a substantial increased use compared with historical data. Lack of BCS use appears in part associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, suggesting that persistent barriers to breast conservation exist. (J Am Coll Surg 2009;209: 425-433. (C) 2009 by the American College Of Surgeons) C1 [Smith, Grace L.; Smith, Benjamin D.; Strom, Eric A.; Perkins, George H.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Xu, Ying; Shih, Ya-Chen T.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Res Serv, Sect Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Giordano, Sharon H.; Hortobagyi, Gabriel N.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hunt, Kelly K.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Buchholz, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 97, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Postdoctoral Award; Odyssey Program and Theodore N Law Endowment for Scientific Achievement at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center FX Supported by the Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Postdoctoral Award and the Odyssey Program and Theodore N Law Endowment for Scientific Achievement at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (GL Smith). NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 209 IS 4 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.06.363 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 506CD UT WOS:000270749900002 PM 19801315 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. TI Kam Tori Normal Coordinates SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The solution to motion in the vicinity of a KAM torus is constructed. Applying both the KAM theorem and assuming that Hamiltonian motion holds on at least a Cantor set of adjacent tori, the local linearization of a KAM torus can be constructed. A set of eigenvalue-like quantities must be determined to produce a description of local motion that remains bounded. The local motion near a KAM torus involves linear drift, and the Jordan form needs to be generalized to a full symmetric matrix. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 691 EP 700 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V19JU UT WOS:000208069500001 ER PT J AU Haywood, C Beach, MC Lanzkron, S Strouse, JJ Wilson, R Park, H Witkop, C Bass, EB Segal, JB AF Haywood, Carlton, Jr. Beach, Mary Catherine Lanzkron, Sophie Strouse, John J. Wilson, Renee Park, Haeseong Witkop, Catherine Bass, Eric B. Segal, Jodi B. TI A Systematic Review of Barriers and Interventions to Improve Appropriate Use of Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sickle cell anemia; patient-physician relationship; treatment; health care ID PROPHYLACTIC PENICILLIN THERAPY; PAIN MANAGEMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHILDREN; ADHERENCE; CARE; QUALITY; ANEMIA; CRISES; PERCEPTIONS AB Clinical experts have expressed concern about underutilization of sickle cell disease (SCD) therapies, including hydroxyurea, prophylactic antibiotics, iron chelation, bone marrow transplantation, pain management during vaso-occlusive crisis, and receipt of routine ambulatory health care. We synthesized studies that identified barriers to and interventions to improve appropriate use of these therapies. Of the 48 studies included in our review, 35 identified therapeutic barriers or facilitators, and 13 evaluated interventions to improve use of therapies. Consistently identified barriers to appropriate pain management were negative provider attitudes and lack of provider knowledge. Four of 9 pain management interventions improved direct measures of pain management quality, while 5 improved indirect measures. One intervention improved receipt of routine ambulatory care. We concluded that interventions to improve pain management in SCID can be effective and should address providers' negative attitudes and knowledge and that more intervention studies are needed to improve receipt of recommended SCD therapies. C1 [Beach, Mary Catherine] Johns Hopkins Berman Inst Bioeth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Haywood, Carlton, Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Hematol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Lanzkron, Sophie] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Adult Sickle Cell Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Wilson, Renee] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Park, Haeseong] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA USA. [Witkop, Catherine] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Beach, MC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Berman Inst Bioeth, 2024 E Monument St,Rm 2-521, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM mcbeach@jhmi.edu RI Segal, Jodi/A-2863-2009; OI Segal, Jodi/0000-0003-3978-9662; Haywood Jr., Carlton/0000-0002-3574-7871 FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) [290-02-0018]; US Department of Health and Human Services; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [5F31HL082037-03]; AHRQ [K08-HS 13903] FX This project was funded under contract 290-02-0018 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), US Department of Health and Human Services. Mr Haywood's effort was supported by a National Research Service Award from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5F31HL082037-03). Dr Beach's effort was supported by K08-HS 13903 from AHRQ. NR 69 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1022 EP 1033 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511XJ UT WOS:000271204700007 PM 19860302 ER PT J AU Nelson, IC Banerjee, D Ponnappan, R AF Nelson, Ian C. Banerjee, Debjyoti Ponnappan, Rengasamy TI Flow Loop Experiments Using Polyalphaolefin Nanofluids SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANO-FLUIDS; NANOPARTICLES; FRICTION; TUBES AB Experiments were performed using a flow-loop apparatus to explore the performance of nanofluids in cooling applications. The experiments were performed using exfoliated graphite nanoparticle fibers suspended in polyalphaolefin at mass concentrations of 0.6 and 0.3%. The experimental setup consisted of a test section containing a plain offset fin cooler apparatus (gap or nongap fin), which was connected to a flow loop consisting of a gear pump, a shelf and tube heat exchanger (that was cooled or heated by a constant temperature bath chiller/heater), and a reservoir. Experiments were conducted using nanofluid and polyalphaolefin for two different fin strip layouts. Heat transfer data were obtained by parametrically varying the operating conditions (heat flux and flow rates). The heat transfer data for nanofluids were compared with the heat transfer data for neat polyalphaolefin fluid under similar conditions. The change in surface morphology of the fins was investigated using scanning electron micrography. The nanofluid properties were measured using rheometry for the viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry for the specific heat, and laser Hash apparatus for the thermal diffusivity. It was observed that the viscosity was similar to 10 times higher for nanofluids compared with polyalphaolefin and increased with temperature (in contrast, the viscosity of polyalphaolefin decreased with temperature). The specific heat of nanofluids was found to be 50% higher for nanofluids compared with polyalphaolefin and increased with temperature. The thermal diffusivity was found to be 4 times higher for nanofluids compared with polyalphaolefin and increased with temperature. It was found that, in general, the convective heat transfer was enhanced by similar to 10% using nanofluids compared with using polyalphaolefin. Scanning electron micrography measurements show that the nanofluids deposit nanoparticles on the surface, which act as enhanced heat transfer surfaces (nanofins). C1 [Nelson, Ian C.; Banerjee, Debjyoti] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ponnappan, Rengasamy] USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, IC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mail Stop 3123, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dbanerjee@tamu.edu FU AFOSR; Universal Energy Systems (UES) FX Debjyoti Banerjee thanks the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for providing the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRI-) Summer Faculty Fellowship (2006) that enabled this study. Ian C. Nelson thanks the AFOSR and Universal Energy Systems (UES) for the summer financial support that enabled participation in this research work. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to L. Lin (University of Dayton Research Institute, or UDR[), Dick Harris (UDRI), Roger Carr (UDRI), Jacob Lawson (UDRI), and John Tennant (UES) for their help with performing the experiments. The authors also thank Sabyasachi (Raj) Ganguli (contractor/AFRL) and Ajit Roy (Materials Directorate/AFRL) for their help with the thermlophysical measurements (specific heat). The assistance of S. Ganguly, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/Materials Directorate, in obtaining the measurements used in Fig. 8 is duly acknowledged. Last but not least, the authors thank K. Latdi (UDRI) for his help with preparing the nanofluids and for the therniophysical measurement data for the nanofluids. NR 31 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 752 EP 761 DI 10.2514/1.31033 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 509GD UT WOS:000271002100013 ER PT J AU Lyons, JB Schneider, TR AF Lyons, Joseph B. Schneider, Tamera R. TI The effects of leadership style on stress outcomes SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Transformational leadership; Stress appraisals; Self-efficacy; Emotions; Social support ID CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; MEMBER EXCHANGE; POSITIVE AFFECT; SELF-EFFICACY; PERFORMANCE; MODEL AB The present study manipulated transformational and transactional leadership styles to examine their influence on individuals' performance on a stressful task, and on perceived social support, self-efficacy beliefs, emotions, and stressor appraisals. In addition, this study examined whether these variables mediated the relationship between leadership style and performance. Two hundred fourteen participants viewed video instructions for a stressful task presented by an actor depicting one of three leadership. styles (transformational, transactional-contingent reward, and transactional-management by exception). Participants' psychological, emotional, and motivational responses to the videos were assessed prior to their engagement with the task. The transformational leadership condition was associated with enhanced task performance. higher social support perceptions, greater efficacy beliefs, lower negative affect, and lower threat appraisals compared to the transactional conditions. Causal modeling revealed that leadership style had a direct, rather than indirect, effect on task performance. The present research extends leadership research by providing an experimental evaluation of the costs/benefits of transformational and transactional leadership under stressful task conditions. Some of the results parallel those from correlational field studies, thus corroborating transformational leadership theory while other results diverge from theory, but present opportunities for future research. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] USAF, Res Lab, Logist Readiness Branch RHAL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schneider, Tamera R.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Logist Readiness Branch RHAL, 2698 G St,Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.lyons@wpafb.af.mil NR 58 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 14 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 737 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.010 PG 12 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 568WC UT WOS:000275554100007 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Bartha, BB Porter, WJ Murray, PT Fairchild, SB AF Tschopp, M. A. Bartha, B. B. Porter, W. J. Murray, P. T. Fairchild, S. B. TI Microstructure-Dependent Local Strain Behavior in Polycrystals through In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Tensile Experiments SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL-IMAGE-CORRELATION; LARGE-DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DUPLEX STAINLESS-STEEL; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; QUANTITATIVE SMALL; RECRYSTALLIZATION; FATIGUE; MAGNIFICATIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB Digital image correlation of laser-ablated platinum nanoparticles on the surface of a polycrystalline metal (nickel-based superalloy Ren, 88DT) was used to obtain the local strain behavior from an in-situ scanning electron microscope tensile experiment at room temperature. By fusing this information with crystallographic orientations from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), a subsequent analysis shows that the average maximum shear strain tends to increase with increasing Schmid factor. Additionally, the range of the extreme values for the maximum shear strain also increases closer to the grain boundary, signifying that grain boundaries and triple junctions accumulate plasticity at strains just beyond yield in polycrystalline Ren, 88DT. In-situ experiments illuminating microstructure-property relationships of this ilk may be important for understanding damage nucleation in polycrystalline metals at high temperatures. C1 [Tschopp, M. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Bartha, B. B.] Cape Canaveral AFB, United Space Alliance, Cape Canaveral, FL 32815 USA. [Porter, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Porter, W. J.; Murray, P. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Fairchild, S. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.tschopp@gatech.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [92ML02COR] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLMN, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through AFOSR Task No. 92ML02COR, Dr. Victor Giurgiutiu, program manager, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Dr. Bob Wheeler and the Material Characterization Facility, AFRL, for their help in this work. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40A IS 10 BP 2363 EP 2368 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-9938-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 487XT UT WOS:000269312500010 ER PT J AU Yamane, GK Butler, JL AF Yamane, Grover K. Butler, Jenny L. TI Suicide Burden in the US Air Force: 1990-2004 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MILITARY; PERSONNEL; DEATH AB Objective: To measure indirectly standardized active duty Air Force (ADAF) suicide rates. Methods: The study period was 1990-2004. ADAF suicide deaths were obtained from the Air Force Mortality Registry. ADAF population counts were obtained from the Defense Manpower and Data Center. Suicide rates for the U.S. general population were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Results: The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), adjusted for age, gender, and race, were: all enlisted personnel, 0.64(95% Cl: 0.59-0.69) and all officers, 0.14(95% CI: 0.10-0.20). Adjusted for age and race, the SMRs were: enlisted men, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.58-0.68); enlisted women, 0.95 (95% Cl: 0.66-1.33); officer men, 0.12 (95% Cl: 0.08-0.17); and officer women, 0.67 (95% Cl: 0.27-1.36). Conclusions: There were significant deficits of suicides in overall enlisted personnel and in overall officers. When analyzed further by gender and rank, there were significant deficits only in enlisted men and officer men. Suicide mortality in enlisted and officer women was not significantly less compared to their general population counterparts. C1 [Yamane, Grover K.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Butler, Jenny L.] Core6 Solut LLC, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Yamane, GK (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 174 IS 10 BP 1019 EP 1023 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LI UT WOS:000278060500003 PM 19891212 ER PT J AU He, WJ Kulkarni, H Castiblanco, J Shimizu, C Aluyen, U Maldonado, R Carrillo, A Griffin, M Lipsitt, A Beachy, L Shostakovich-Koretskaya, L Mangano, A Sen, L Nibbs, RJB Tiemessen, CT Bolivar, H Bamshad, MJ Clark, RA Burns, JC Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF He, Weijing Kulkarni, Hemant Castiblanco, John Shimizu, Chisato Aluyen, Una Maldonado, Robert Carrillo, Andrew Griffin, Madeline Lipsitt, Amanda Beachy, Lisa Shostakovich-Koretskaya, Ludmila Mangano, Andrea Sen, Luisa Nibbs, Robert J. B. Tiemessen, Caroline T. Bolivar, Hector Bamshad, Michael J. Clark, Robert A. Burns, Jane C. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Experimental aspects of copy number variant assays at CCL3L1 Reply SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Castiblanco, John; Aluyen, Una; Maldonado, Robert; Carrillo, Andrew; Griffin, Madeline; Lipsitt, Amanda; Beachy, Lisa; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX USA. [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Castiblanco, John; Aluyen, Una; Maldonado, Robert; Carrillo, Andrew; Griffin, Madeline; Lipsitt, Amanda; Beachy, Lisa; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Shimizu, Chisato; Burns, Jane C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shostakovich-Koretskaya, Ludmila] Dnepropetrovsk State Med Acad, Dept Gen Pediat & Pediat Infect Dis, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. [Mangano, Andrea; Sen, Luisa] Hosp Pediat JP Garrahan, Lab Biol Celular & Retrovirus, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nibbs, Robert J. B.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Biomed Res Ctr, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Tiemessen, Caroline T.] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Diseases, AIDS Virus Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tiemessen, Caroline T.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bolivar, Hector] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, AIDS Clin Res Unit, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Bamshad, Michael J.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bamshad, Michael J.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bamshad, Michael J.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP He, WJ (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX USA. EM ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/B-6599-2009; Shimizu, Chisato/J-6516-2015 OI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0002-7965-9822; NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1117 EP 1120 DI 10.1038/nm1009-1117 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 504EC UT WOS:000270596400015 PM 19812563 ER PT J AU Schavland, J Chan, YP Raines, RA AF Schavland, Jeffrey Chan, Yupo Raines, Richard A. TI Information Security: Designing A Stochastic-Network for Throughput and Reliability SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE network security; game theory; mulicriteria decision-making; stochastic network ID FLOW NETWORK; VULNERABILITY; SURVIVABILITY; PERFORMANCE; BOUNDS AB Today's information and communication network requires a design that is secure to tampering. Traditional performance measures of reliability and throughput must be supplemented with measures of security. Recognition of an adversary who can inflict damage leads toward a game-theoretic model. Through such a formulation, guidelines for network designs and improvements are derived. We opt for a design that is most robust to withstand both natural degradation and adversarial attacks. Extensive computational experience with such a model suggests that a Nash-equilibrium design exists that can withstand the worst possible damage. Most important, the equilibrium is value-free in that it is stable irrespective of the unit costs associated with reliability vs. capacity improvement and how one wishes to trade between throughput and reliability. This finding helps to pinpoint the most critical components in network design. From a policy standpoint, the model also allows the monetary value of information-security to be imputed. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Naval Research Logistics 56: 625-641, 2009 C1 [Chan, Yupo] Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Schavland, Jeffrey] Unit 5270, Arlington, VA USA. [Raines, Richard A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chan, YP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM yxchan@ualr.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense FX The authors like to acknowledge the research support from the U.S. Department of Defense. Lorin M. Lund is thanked for his guidance during the conduct of this research. Meanwhile, we express our appreciation to Douglas Shier and Miro Kraetzl for their intellectual guidance and assistance in software development. Lindo Systems Inc. provided-free of charge-a temporary copy of Hyper LINGO 8, the top tier version of LINGO capable of handling the largest size problems at the time. This formed the backbone of the computational efforts reported here. Eric Moyer assisted in calculating the two-terminal reliability expression following Shier's algebraic approach. In the journal review process, we benefitted greatly from the many detailed and constructive suggestions made by the editors and the reviewers. Collectively, they served to improve the quality and readability of this article. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 7 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.1002/nav.20365 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 499YQ UT WOS:000270263200003 ER PT J AU Blessington, J Adams, SF Demidov, VI Williamson, JM AF Blessington, J. Adams, S. F. Demidov, V. I. Williamson, J. M. TI Effect of energetic electrons on near-wall sheath voltage in the cathode region of a cold cathode direct current discharge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHORT GLOW-DISCHARGE; PLASMA; MODEL; BEAM; POTENTIALS; PROBES AB It is experimentally demonstrated that energetic electrons originating from the cathode or produced in volumetric processes in the cathode region of a cold cathode direct current discharge can create a large potential drop in the near-wall sheath. This voltage drop may be much greater than kT(e)/e (where k is the Boltzmann constant, T(e) is the electron temperature, and e is the electron charge). Due to the large near-wall sheath voltage, slow and moderately energetic electrons cannot reach the wall and move toward the anode. Application of additional potentials to the wall can change the amount of energetic electrons reaching the wall. This effect can be used for regulation of the near-cathode plasma and near-wall sheath properties and thus may be useful in technical applications. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3257914] C1 [Blessington, J.; Demidov, V. I.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V. I.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Williamson, J. M.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Blessington, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank I. Kaganovich and M. E. Koepke for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the STTR Program. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2009 VL 16 IS 10 AR 104501 DI 10.1063/1.3257914 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 513YK UT WOS:000271359900057 ER PT J AU Porter, WJ Uchic, MD John, R Barnas, NB AF Porter, W. J. Uchic, M. D. John, R. Barnas, N. B. TI Compression property determination of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy using micro-specimens SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Micro-specimen; Titanium aluminide; Yield phenomena; Compression test ID TIAL ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; GRAINS; PST AB Compressive room temperature yield behaviors of micro-specimens representing three lamellar orientations of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy were evaluated. The mechanical responses from specimens of each orientation and various diameters are compared to one another and to compression-loaded, conventionally sized titanium aluminide specimens. The yield stress results from the micro-specimens are shown to be relatively independent of specimen diameter and similar to those of conventionally sized compression specimens with similar microstructures. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Porter, W. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Porter, W. J.; Uchic, M. D.; John, R.; Barnas, N. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Porter, WJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM william.porter@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306-6M2AL8] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXLM), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7817 under on-site contract number FA8650-04-C-5200. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. Victor Giurglutiu of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under task 2306-6M2AL8. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 7 BP 678 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.05.038 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 485AV UT WOS:000269093600003 ER PT J AU Hodson, DD Baldwin, RO AF Hodson, Douglas D. Baldwin, Rusty O. TI Characterizing, Measuring, and Validating the Temporal Consistency of Live-Virtual-Constructive Environments SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE live; virtual; constructive; simulation; real-time; temporal consistency AB A distinguishing characteristic of interactive live-virtual-constructive (LVC) environments is the relaxation of data consistency to improve the performance and scalability of the underlying distributed simulation. Relaxing data consistency improves the interactive performance of the environment because autonomous distributed simulation applications can continue executing and responding to local inputs without waiting for the most current shared data values. Scalability also improves since live and simulated entities from distant geographic locations can be interconnected through relatively high-latency networks. We introduce a temporal consistency model to formally define consistency for the dynamic shared state of a LVC environment for both continuous and discrete data objects. The level of inconsistency tolerated by a LVC is found to be a function of the accuracy and timeliness requirements for the distributed data objects. These requirements are mapped to specific time intervals for which data objects are considered valid. We also develop a real-time algorithm to compute the temporal consistency of individual data objects within the LVC. C1 [Hodson, Douglas D.] ASC Capabil Integrat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Baldwin, Rusty O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hodson, DD (reprint author), ASC Capabil Integrat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 10 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1177/0037549709340732 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 494HL UT WOS:000269802400004 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Howard, RA Vourlidas, A Webb, DF Kunkel, V AF Morrill, J. S. Howard, R. A. Vourlidas, A. Webb, D. F. Kunkel, V. TI The Impact of Geometry on Observations of CME Brightness and Propagation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejection; Solar corona; LASCO; SMEI; SECCHI ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; IMAGER SMEI; EVOLUTION; EARTH; TRANSIENT; DENSITY; SECCHI; LASCO; FLUX AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have a significant impact on space weather and geomagnetic storms and so have been the subject of numerous studies. Most CME observations have been made while these events are near the Sun (e.g., SOHO/LASCO). Recent data from the Coriolis/SMEI and STEREO/SECCHI-HI instruments have imaged CMEs farther into the heliosphere. Analyses of CME observations near the Sun measure the properties of these events by assuming that the emission is in the plane of the sky and hence the speed and mass are lower limits to the true values. However, this assumption cannot be used to analyze optical observations of CMEs far from the Sun, such as observations from SMEI and SECCHI-HI, since the CME source is likely to be far from the limb. In this paper we consider the geometry of observations made by LASCO, SMEI, and SECCHI. We also present results that estimate both CME speed and trajectory by fitting the CME elongations observed by these instruments. Using a constant CME speed does not generally produce profiles that fit observations at both large and small elongation, simultaneously. We include the results of a simple empirical model that alters the CME speed to an estimated value of the solar wind speed to simulate the effect of drag on the propagating CME. This change in speed improves the fit between the model and observations over a broad range of elongations. C1 [Morrill, J. S.; Howard, R. A.; Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Webb, D. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Kunkel, V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; david.webb@hanscom.af.mil; valbona.kunkel@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA [NNG05HL34I, NNG05GF98G]; LASCO; SECCHI MODA; US Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA; University of California at San Diego; University of Birmingham (UK); Boston College; Boston University; US Air Force; University of Birmingham; Naval Research Laboratory (USA); Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA); Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK); Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany); Centre Spatial de Liege (Belgium); Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France); Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France) FX This work was sponsored by NASA Grant Nos. NNG05HL34I and NNG05GF98G and by LASCO and SECCHI MO&DA funding. SMEI is a collaborative project of the US Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Birmingham (UK), Boston College, and Boston University. Financial support has been provided by the US Air Force, the University of Birmingham, and NASA. The STEREO/SECCHI project is an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatial de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument was developed by a collaboration that included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the University of Birmingham, both in the United Kingdom, the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium, and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. We also acknowledge use of the CME catalog that is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory (http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9403-0 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 508AJ UT WOS:000270898200011 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Tappin, SJ AF Howard, Timothy A. Tappin, S. James TI Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed in the Heliosphere: 1. Review of Theory SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Coronal mass ejections; Solar-terrestrial relations; Interplanetary medium ID IMAGER SMEI; SOLAR-WIND; SCINTILLATION; EARTH; SUN; DISTURBANCES; PROPAGATION; BRIGHTNESS; DENSITY; STREAMS AB With the recent advancements in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) imaging it is necessary to understand how heliospheric images may be interpreted, particularly at large elongation angles. Of crucial importance is how the current methods used for coronal mass ejection measurement in coronagraph images must be changed to account for the large elongations involved in the heliosphere. In this review of theory we build up a picture of ICME appearance and evolution at large elongations in terms of how it would appear to an observer near 1 AU from the Sun. We begin by revisiting the basics of Thomson scattering describing how ICMEs are detected, in this we attempt to clarify a number of common misconceptions. We then build up from a single electron to an integrated line of sight, consider the ICME as a collection of lines of sight and describe how a map of ICME appearance may be developed based on its appearance relative to each line of sight. Finally, we discuss how the topology of the ICME affects its observed geometry and kinematic properties, particularly at large elongations. This review is the first of a three-part series of papers, where a review of theory is presented here and a model is developed and used in subsequent papers. C1 [Howard, Timothy A.; Tappin, S. James] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howard, Timothy A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM thoward@nso.edu FU National Research Council; AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; National Science Foundation; USAF FX This work is supported in part by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. NR 44 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9542-5 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519AQ UT WOS:000271737800002 ER PT J AU Tappin, SJ Howard, TA AF Tappin, S. James Howard, Timothy A. TI Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed in the Heliosphere: 2. Model and Data Comparison SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Coronal mass ejections; Solar-terrestrial relations; Interplanetary medium ID IMAGER SMEI; DISTURBANCES; TRANSIENT; MISSION; SUN AB With the recent advancements in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) imaging it is necessary to understand how heliospheric images may be interpreted, particularly at large elongation angles. Of crucial importance is how the current methods used for coronal mass ejection measurement in coronagraph images must be changed to account for the large elongations involved in the heliosphere. We present results comparing a new model of interplanetary disturbances with heliospheric image data, from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager. A database containing a range of ICMEs simulated with varying parameters describing its topology, orientation, location and speed was produced and compared with two ICMEs observed in February and December 2004. We identify the simulated ICME that best matches the data, and use the parameters required to identify their three-dimensional leading-edge structure, orientation and kinematics. By constant comparison with the data we are able to keep track of small changes to the ICME topology and kinematic properties, thus for the first time are able to monitor how the dynamic interaction between the ICME and the interplanetary medium affects ICME evolution. This is the second part of a series of three papers, where the theory behind the model is presented in an accompanying paper and the physical implications are discussed in the third part. The first part considers the effects of Thomson scattering across the entire span of the disturbance and includes its apparent geometry at large elongations. We find that the model converges reliably to a solution for both events, although we identify four separate structures during the December period. Comparing the 3-D trajectory and source location with known associated features identified with other spacecraft, we find a remarkable agreement between the model and data. We conclude with a brief discussion of the physical implications of the model. C1 [Tappin, S. James; Howard, Timothy A.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Tappin, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM jtappin@nso.edu FU National Research Council; AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; National Science Foundation; USAF FX SMEI was designed and constructed by a team of scientists and engineers from the US Air Force Research Laboratory, the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, the University of California at San Diego, Boston College and Boston University. SMEI data are maintained by the Air Force Research Laboratory (http://smei.nso.edu). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA and LASCO data are made available courtesy of Goddard Space Flight Center and the Naval Research Laboratory. This work is supported in part by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for the NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. We thank Max M. Hampson of North Carolina State University and the Research Education for Undergraduates program, funded by the National Science Foundation. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9550-5 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519AQ UT WOS:000271737800003 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Tappin, SJ AF Howard, Timothy A. Tappin, S. James TI Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed in the Heliosphere: 3. Physical Implications SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Coronal mass ejections; Solar-terrestrial relations; Interplanetary medium; Corotating interaction regions ID SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COROTATING STREAMS; HYDRODYNAMIC STREAMS; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; INNER HELIOSPHERE; STEREO MISSION; WHITE-LIGHT; IMAGER SMEI; SOHO LASCO AB We conclude the heliospheric image series with this third and final instalment, where we consider the physical implications of our reconstruction of interplanetary coronal mass ejections from heliospheric imagers. In Paper 1 a review of the theoretical framework for the appearance of ICMEs in the heliosphere was presented and in Paper 2 a model was developed that extracted the three-dimensional structure and kinematics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections directly from SMEI images. Here we extend the model to include STEREO Heliospheric Imager data and reproduce the three-dimensional structure and kinematic evolution of a single Earth-directed interplanetary coronal mass ejection that was observed in November 2007. These measurements were made with each spacecraft independently using leading edge measurements obtained from each instrument. We found that when data from the three instruments was treated as a single collective, we were able to reproduce an estimate of the ICME structure and trajectory. There were some disparities between the modelled ICME and the in situ data, and we interpret this as a combination of a slightly more than spherically curved ICME structure and a corotating interaction region brought about by the creation of a coronal hole from the CME eruption. This is the first time evidence for such a structure has been presented and we believe that it is likely that many ICMEs are of this nature. C1 [Howard, Timothy A.; Tappin, S. James] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM howard@boulder.swri.edu FU he National Research Council; AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; National Science Foundation; USAF FX This work is supported in part by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9577-7 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519AQ UT WOS:000271737800004 ER PT J AU Young, BA Walker, MJ Strunce, JB Boyles, RE Whitman, JM Childs, JD AF Young, Brian A. Walker, Michael J. Strunce, Joseph B. Boyles, Robert E. Whitman, Julie M. Childs, John D. TI Responsiveness of the Neck Disability Index in patients with mechanical neck disorders SO SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Minimum clinically important difference; Reliability; Validity; Psychometric properties; Minimum detectable change; Standard error of measurement ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; LOW-BACK-PAIN; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; HEALTH-STATUS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; INTRAINDIVIDUAL CHANGES; RATING-SCALE; NUMERIC PAIN; RELIABILITY AB PURPOSE: Report the test-retest reliability, construct validity, minimum clinically important difference (MCID), and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the Neck Disability Index (NDI). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Cohort study of patients presenting to outpatient physical therapy clinics. PATIENT SAMPLE: Ninety-one subjects with a primary complaint of neck pain, with or without concomitant upper extremity (UE) symptoms, who were participants in a randomized clinical trial. OUTCOME MEASURES: NDI and the 15-point Global Rating of Change (GRC) self-report measures. METHODS: All subjects completed the NDI at baseline and at a 3-week follow-up. Additionally, subjects completed the GRC scale, which was used to dichotomize patients into improved or stable groups. Changes in the NDI were used to assess test-retest reliability, construct validity, MCID, and MDC. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was moderate for the NDI (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.84). For the NDI, the MCID was 7.5 points and the MDC was 10.2 points. CONCLUSIONS: The NDI appears to demonstrate adequate responsiveness based on statistical reference criteria when used in a sample that approximates the high percentage of patients with neck pain and concomitant UE referred symptoms. Because the MCID is within the bounds of measurement error, a 10-point change (the MDC) should be used as the MCID. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Brian A.; Walker, Michael J.; Childs, John D.] Dept Phys Therapy, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Strunce, Joseph B.] No Navajo Med Ctr, Shiprock, NM USA. [Boyles, Robert E.] Univ Puget Sound, Sch Phys Therapy, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Whitman, Julie M.] Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO USA. RP Young, BA (reprint author), 105 Jupiter St, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. EM byoungpt@earthlink.net NR 39 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1529-9430 J9 SPINE J JI Spine Journal PD OCT PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 802 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.06.002 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 513QM UT WOS:000271338200002 PM 19632904 ER PT J AU Lucarelli, A Grilli, F Lupke, G Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Lucarelli, Andrea Grilli, Francesco Luepke, Gunter Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. TI Finite-element simulations of field and current distributions in multifilamentary superconducting films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; AC LOSSES; STRIATED YBCO; REDUCTION AB We present a finite-element model for computing current and field distributions in multifilamentary superconducting thin films subjected to simultaneous effects of a transport ac current and a perpendicularly applied dc field. The model is implemented in the finite-element software package COMSOL Multiphysics and this solves Maxwell equations using a highly nonlinear resistivity to describe electrical superconducting characteristics. The time-dependent magnetic flux, current distributions, and ac losses are studied for different distances between filaments. We find that increasing the interfilamentary distance affects the transport and screening current distributions, reducing both the magnetic coupling and ac losses. C1 [Lucarelli, Andrea] ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lucarelli, Andrea; Luepke, Gunter] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Grilli, Francesco] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Grilli, Francesco] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Tech Phys, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Haugan, Timothy J.; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucarelli, A (reprint author), ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Lucarelli, Andrea/A-5411-2010 FU Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network; DOE [DEFG0204ER46127] FX This work was supported by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network. The work at CWM is supported by the DOE grant DEFG0204ER46127. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 22 IS 10 AR 105015 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/22/10/105015 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498BC UT WOS:000270109200015 ER PT J AU Albert, JM Meredith, NP Horne, RB AF Albert, Jay M. Meredith, Nigel P. Horne, Richard B. TI Three-dimensional diffusion simulation of outer radiation belt electrons during the 9 October 1990 magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; ZONE ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; WAVE; MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGIES; ENERGIZATION; EMISSIONS AB Relativistic (>1 MeV) electron flux increases in the Earth's radiation belts are significantly underestimated by models that only include transport and loss processes, suggesting that some additional acceleration process is required. Here we use a new, three-dimensional code that includes radial diffusion and quasi-linear pitch angle and energy diffusion due to chorus waves, including cross terms, to simulate the 9 October 1990 magnetic storm. The diffusion coefficients are activity dependent, and time-dependent boundary conditions are imposed on all six boundary faces, taken from fits to CRRES Medium Electrons A electron data. Although the main phase dropout is not fully captured, the persistent phase space density peaks observed during the recovery phase are well explained, but this requires both chorus wave acceleration and radial diffusion. C1 [Albert, Jay M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; nmer@bas.ac.uk; r.horne@bas.ac.uk OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory.; [40] Wolfgang Baumjohann thanks the reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 57 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A09214 DI 10.1029/2009JA014336 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 502MT UT WOS:000270465200002 ER PT J AU Veren, D Evans, JL Jones, S Chiaromonte, F AF Veren, Daniel Evans, Jenni L. Jones, Sarah Chiaromonte, Francesca TI Novel Metrics for Evaluation of Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Structure SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; LIFE-CYCLE; MODEL; METHODOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SPREAD AB Predicting extratropical transition (ET) of a tropical cyclone poses a significant challenge to numerical forecast models because the storm evolution depends on both the timing of the phasing between the tropical cyclone and midlatitude weather systems and the structures of each system. Ensemble prediction systems offer the potential for assessing confidence in numerical guidance during ET cases. Thus, forecasts of storm structure changes during ET from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EPS) are explored using two novel validation approaches. The evolution of the (initially tropical) storm structure is characterized in the framework of the cyclone phase space (CPS) and the validation metrics are based on separation between the EPS forecasts and verifying analyses in the CPS. The first validation approach utilizes two metrics and most closely resembles traditional forecast validation techniques. The second approach involves clustering the ensemble member initializations and operational analyses during the life cycles of each tropical cyclone to provide a reference structure evolution against which to evaluate the EPS forecasts. Application of these metrics is demonstrated for two case studies of ET in the western North Pacific: Typhoons Tokage (2004) and Maemi (2003). Both validation approaches identify a decline in EPS structure forecast accuracy for all valid times coinciding with ET onset and beyond, as well as during a weakening tropical stage prior to ET for Tokage. While track forecast errors contribute to structure errors in the EPS forecasts, they are not an overwhelming factor. The two validation approaches highlight the inability of ensemble member forecasts to appropriately weaken the warm core prior to and during ET, and the effects this has on forecasts of ET timing. The analyses adopted in this study provide a basis for future assessments of ensemble forecast skill of cyclone structure during ET. C1 [Evans, Jenni L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Evans, Jenni L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Veren, Daniel] 26th Operat Weather Squadron, Barksdale AFB, Bossier City, LA USA. [Jones, Sarah] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Chiaromonte, Francesca] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Evans, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jle7@psu.edu RI Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013; OI Evans, Jenni/0000-0003-3425-0932 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0351926, ATM-0735973] FX Weare grateful toDorisAnwender for her assistance with the model data. We thank Bob Hart and Mark Guishard for assistance with CPS computation, and George Young, Adam Moyer, and Aviva Braun for their constructive comments during this study. Acknowledgement is made for the use of ECMWF's archive and computing facilities through the special project "The impact of tropical cyclones on extratropical predictability.'' This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ATM-0351926 and ATM-0735973. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP 29 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2830 EP 2850 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2655.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501LA UT WOS:000270382200007 ER PT J AU Busbee, JD Juhl, AT Natarajan, LV Tongdilia, VP Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA Braun, PV AF Busbee, John D. Juhl, Abigail T. Natarajan, Lalguldi V. Tongdilia, Vincent P. Bunning, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. Braun, Paul V. TI SiO2 Nanoparticle Sequestration via Reactive Functionalization in Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Holographic photopolymerization of reactively functionalized silica nanoparticles in polymer/liquid-crystal systems leads to sequestration of the silica nanoparticles in the polymeric domain of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystals Bragg gratings. Excellent dispersion of the nanoparticles maintains the optical properties of the reflection grating without additional scattering while lowering the voltage necessary to switch the state of the grating. C1 [Juhl, Abigail T.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Juhl, Abigail T.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Busbee, John D.; Bunning, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalguldi V.; Tongdilia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Braun, PV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pbraun@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0642573]; Air Force Research Labs, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX This work was supported by the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number DMR-0642573 and Air Force Research Labs, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. This work was carried out in part in the Center for Microanalysis of Materials at the University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge P. Mirau (Air Force Research Laboratory) for performing the NMR experiments. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 36 BP 3659 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200900298 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 502FT UT WOS:000270441700006 ER PT J AU Kunz, DL Newkirk, MC AF Kunz, Donald L. Newkirk, Mark C. TI A generalized dynamic balancing procedure for the AH-64 tail rotor SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER ROTOR; NEURAL-NETWORKS; TRACK AB The tail rotors on the AH-64A Apache and AH-64D Longbow Apache incorporate a unique design, which includes two, two-bladed teetering rotors that have an azimuth spacing of 55 degrees, instead of the more usual 90 degrees. Maintainers have observed that some Apache tail rotors can be extraordinarily difficult to balance dynamically. This investigation uses RCAS (Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System) numerical simulations of tail rotor response when mass is added to the tips of single and adjacent blades to investigate possible causes for this balancing difficulty. The simulations show that the 1/rev, vertical, vibratory force response due to added tip mass varies as a function of the mass distribution between two adjacent blades, and the azimuth spacing between the two blades. As a result, the tail rotor balance sensitivity coefficients, if used as for a single blade, will be inaccurate; and may be a prime contributor to the problems observed while balancing tail rotors. An analytical model of the AH-64D tail rotor, with characteristics similar to the RCAS model, and which incorporates the influence of structural impedance through the balance sensitivity coefficients and phase angles, is used to develop a method for accurately determining the amount of tip mass required to reduce the 1/rev vibrations to acceptable levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kunz, Donald L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kunz, DL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.kunz@afit.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.04.043 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 487JO UT WOS:000269269400025 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM Gentile, LC AF Retterer, J. M. Gentile, L. C. TI Modeling the climatology of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by DMSP SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD F; SCINTILLATIONS; SATELLITE AB Space environmental sensors on polar-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft occasionally encounter plasma density depletions when they cross the geomagnetic equator in the evening sector. These equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are observed around the times and locations when equatorial spread F and radio scintillation phenomena tend to occur. The solar cycle, seasonal, and longitudinal variations in the observed frequency of these depletions (determined over the past 19 years) are indeed similar to those of scintillation. To test our understanding of EPB formation, we simulated the observations using PBMOD, a suite of first-principle models of the ambient ionosphere and EPB formation, driven by climatological models for its input parameters such as the plasma drift velocity. Maps of the model calculations of EPB frequencies at 840 km as functions of season and longitude exhibit patterns similar to the DMSP observations, including the expected peaks in EPB frequency near the equinoxes, an additional winter peak in the American sector, a summer peak in the Pacific sector, and the proper trends with solar cycle phase. Adjusting the model to reproduce the DMSP EPB occurrence frequencies in detail will allow us to fine tune PBMOD and provides a means for using the DMSP data to enhance the empirical drivers for the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) mission. C1 [Retterer, J. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gentile, L. C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force [F19628-04-C-0055, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force contracts F19628-04-C-0055 and FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A31 DI 10.1029/2008RS004057 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 499QA UT WOS:000270238300001 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, H Marconi, VC He, WJ Landrum, ML Okulicz, JF Delmar, J Kazandjian, D Castiblanco, J Ahuja, SS Wright, EJ Weiss, RA Clark, RA Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Kulkarni, Hemant Marconi, Vincent C. He, Weijing Landrum, Michael L. Okulicz, Jason F. Delmar, Judith Kazandjian, Dickran Castiblanco, John Ahuja, Seema S. Wright, Edwina J. Weiss, Robin A. Clark, Robert A. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI The Duffy-null state is associated with a survival advantage in leukopenic HIV-infected persons of African ancestry SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ETHNIC NEUTROPENIA; BLOOD-GROUP; AIDS SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLASMA-LEVELS; MALARIA; ANTIGEN; PATHOGENESIS; CHEMOKINES AB Persons of African ancestry, on average, have lower white blood cell (WBC) counts than those of European descent (ethnic leukopenia), but whether this impacts negatively on HIV-1 disease course remains unknown. Here, in a large natural history cohort of HIV-infected subjects, we show that, although leukopenia (< 4000 WBC/mm(3) during infection) was associated with an accelerated HIV disease course, this effect was more prominent in leukopenic subjects of European than African ancestry. The African-specific -46C/C genotype of Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) confers the malaria-resisting, Duffy-null phenotype, and we found that the recently described association of this genotype with ethnic leukopenia extends to HIV-infected African Americans (AAs). The association of Duffy-null status with HIV disease course differed according to WBC but not CD4(+) T-cell counts, such that leukopenic but not nonleukopenic HIV+ AAs with DARC -46C/C had a survival advantage compared with all Duffy-positive subjects. This survival advantage became increasingly pronounced in those with progressively lower WBC counts. These data highlight that the interaction between DARC genotype and the cellular milieu defined by WBC counts may influence HIV disease course, and this may provide a partial explanation of why ethnic leukopenia remains benign in HIV-infected AAs, despite immunodeficiency. (Blood. 2009;114:2783-2792) C1 [Kulkarni, Hemant; He, Weijing; Castiblanco, John; Ahuja, Seema S.; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kulkarni, Hemant; He, Weijing; Castiblanco, John; Ahuja, Seema S.; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Landrum, Michael L.; Okulicz, Jason F.; Delmar, Judith] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Landrum, Michael L.; Okulicz, Jason F.; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Landrum, Michael L.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Kazandjian, Dickran] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Wright, Edwina J.] Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Wright, Edwina J.] Alfred Hosp, Burnet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Weiss, Robin A.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, London, England. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/B-6599-2009; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0002-7965-9822; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0003-2556-3697 FU Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System; MERIT [R37046326]; National Institutes of Health [AI043279, MH069270]; Veterans Administration MERIT; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research; Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award; Department of Defense HIV Natural History Study cohort; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Human Services/National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Division of Clinical Research [Y1-AI-5072] FX The authors thank Duane Hospenthal, Brian Agan, and the anonymous reviewers for their critical feedback. This work was supported by the Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and a MERIT (R37046326) and other awards (AI043279 and MH069270) from the National Institutes of Health (S.K.A.). S. K. A. is also supported by a Veterans Administration MERIT award and is a recipient of the Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award, the Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research, and the Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award. Support for the Department of Defense HIV Natural History Study cohort and staff involved in this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, of which the HIV Natural History Study is a component. The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program is a Department of Defense tri-service program executed through Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, in collaboration with Department of Health and Human Services/National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Division of Clinical Research through Interagency Agreement Y1-AI-5072.; The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Institutes of Health or the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense or the Departments of the Army, Navy or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 2021 L ST NW, SUITE 900, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 EI 1528-0020 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 24 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 13 BP 2783 EP 2792 DI 10.1182/blood-2009-04-215186 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 498KK UT WOS:000270138600031 PM 19620399 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T Gustavsson, B Mishin, E MacKenzie, E Carlson, HC Starks, M Mills, T AF Pedersen, T. Gustavsson, B. Mishin, E. MacKenzie, E. Carlson, H. C. Starks, M. Mills, T. TI Optical ring formation and ionization production in high-power HF heating experiments at HAARP SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION; REGION AB Observations of HF-induced artificial optical emissions at the 3.6 MW HAARP facility show unexpected features not seen at the previous 960 kW level. Optical emissions often form a bright rayed ring near the 10% power contour surrounding a central disk with a sharp edge near the 50% power contour. Artificial bottomside layers in ionograms and positive perturbations in total electron content suggest that the bullseye optical patterns are associated with localized enhancements in plasma density below the main F layer. Ray tracing shows transmitter power concentrates in an annular structure consistent with the optical observations. Estimated ionization rates are well within the power available from the transmitter and agree well with the observed intensity of N-2(+) 427.8 nm emissions. We conclude that the optical bullseye patterns are a refraction phenomenon and an indicator of ionization production within the transmitter beam. Citation: Pedersen, T., B. Gustavsson, E. Mishin, E. MacKenzie, H. C. Carlson, M. Starks, and T. Mills (2009), Optical ring formation and ionization production in high-power HF heating experiments at HAARP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18107, doi:10.1029/2009GL040047. C1 [Pedersen, T.; Mishin, E.; Starks, M.; Mills, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Auroral Observ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [MacKenzie, E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Carlson, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London, England. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU HAARP is a Department of Defense program; U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy; AFOSR task [2301SD] FX HAARP is a Department of Defense program operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. Work at AFRL was supported by AFOSR task 2301SD. We thank the operators and site crew of HAARP, the remote imager site, and the SOPAC GPS network. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L18107 DI 10.1029/2009GL040047 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 499OY UT WOS:000270235100007 ER PT J AU Gerken, M Moran, MD Mercier, HPA Pointner, BE Schrobilgen, GJ Hoge, B Christe, KO Boatz, JA AF Gerken, Michael Moran, Matthew D. Mercier, Helene P. A. Pointner, Bernard E. Schrobilgen, Gary J. Hoge, Berthold Christe, Karl O. Boatz, Jerry A. TI On the XeF+/H2O System: Synthesis and Characterization of the Xenon(II) Oxide Fluoride Cation, FXeOXeFXeF+ SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE OXIDE; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FORCE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; RAMAN-SPECTRA; ONIUM SALTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANION AB The reported synthesis of the H2OF+ cation as a product of the oxidative fluorination of H2O by [XeF][PnF(6)] (Pn = As, Sb) in HF solution has been reinvestigated. The system exhibits complex equilibria, producing two new Xe(II) compounds, [Xe3OF3][PnF(6)] and [H3O][PnF(6)]center dot 2XeF(2), refuting the original claim for the synthesis of the H2OF+ cation. Both compounds have been isolated and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray crystal structures of the [Xe3OF3][PnF(6)] salts contain the Z-shaped FXeOXeFXeF+ cation, which represents the first example of an isolated Xe(II) oxide fluoride. The crystal structure of the [H3O][AsF6]center dot 2XeF(2) adduct contains XeF2 molecules that interact with the H3O+ cations. The vibrational assignments for the Xe3OF3+ cation have been made with the aid of quantum-chemical calculations and were confirmed by O-18-enrichment, and the assignments for [H3O][AsF6]center dot 2XeF(2) were confirmed by D-2- and O-18-enrichment. Quantum-chemical calculations have also been carried out for H3O+center dot nXeF(2) (n = 1-4) and have been used to interpret the X-ray crystal structure and vibrational spectra of [H3O][AsF6]center dot 2XeF(2). The energy-minimized geometries and vibrational frequencies for HOF and H2OF+ have been calculated, further disproving the original report of the H2OF+ cation. Both FXeOH and FXeOH2+ have also been computed and are viable intermediates in the proposed equilibria between XeF+ and H2O that lead to the Xe3OF3+ cation. C1 [Gerken, Michael; Moran, Matthew D.; Mercier, Helene P. A.; Pointner, Bernard E.; Schrobilgen, Gary J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Hoge, Berthold; Christe, Karl O.] Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hoge, Berthold; Christe, Karl O.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Schrobilgen, GJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM schrobil@mcmaster.ca; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-9985833, CRE-0456343]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX The work at USC was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CHE-9985833 and CRE-0456343, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Office of Naval Research. We also thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a Stipend (B.H.), Dr. J. Sheehy, Edwards Air Force Base, for some of the quantum-chemical calculations, and Prof. George A. Olah for his steady support. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 37 BP 13474 EP 13489 DI 10.1021/ja905060v PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 498ZU UT WOS:000270186500061 PM 19708668 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Leedy, KD Tomich, DH Subramanyam, G Look, DC AF Varanasi, C. V. Leedy, K. D. Tomich, D. H. Subramanyam, G. Look, D. C. TI Improved photoluminescence of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown on BaSrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRES; HYDROGEN AB ZnO nanorods were grown on a variety of substrates such as Si, SiO2/Si and sapphire in a large-area pulsed laser deposition chamber designed for sensor device fabrication. Processing conditions were optimized to grow ZnO nanorods with or without seed layers. Au, Cr and BaSrTiO3 (BST) seed layers were investigated to compare their effects on the diameter and orientation of ZnO nanorods. ZnO nanorods were observed to align better when grown on sapphire, Cr or BST seed layers as compared to Au or Si layers. The highest quality nanorods were those grown on BST seed layers, as shown by 4 K photoluminescence donor-bound-exciton linewidths of only 0.5 meV. C1 [Varanasi, C. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, K. D.; Tomich, D. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Chakrapani.Varanasi@wpafb.af.mil RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0013]; NSF [DMR0513968]; DOE [DE-FG0207ER46389]; AFRL [FA8650-06-D5401] FX We wish to thank W Rice for the photoluminescence measurements. This work is partially supported by the Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory. Support for DCL is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: AFOSR grant FA9550-07-1-0013 (K Reinhardt); NSF grant DMR0513968 (L Hess); DOE grant DE-FG0207ER46389 (R Kortan) and AFRL Contract FA8650-06-D5401 (D Silversmith). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 38 AR 385706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/38/385706 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 488NP UT WOS:000269356900018 PM 19713591 ER PT J AU Lachat, V Varshney, V Dhinojwala, A Yeganch, MS AF Lachat, Veronique Varshney, Vikas Dhinojwala, Ali Yeganch, Mohsen S. TI Molecular Origin of Solvent Resistance of Polyacrylonitrile SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; WATER INTERFACE; ACETONITRILE; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; LIQUID; RAMAN; PAN AB We report on the First in-situ sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy characterization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) interfacial interactions with air, sapphire, water, and heptane. Using the shift in the resonance frequency of CN at various interfaces, we demonstrated that PAN interacts with the surface hydroxyl of sapphire substrate through the lone pair orbital of nitrogen in the "end-on" configuration (sigma-H bond). We also demonstrated that the CN-CN interaction is the main reason for the superior chemical resistance property of PAN. At room temperature the interaction between the polymer chains is much stronger than the interaction between the polymer and solvent molecules including water and heptane. At high temperatures, however, the interaction between the nitrile groups of the polymer weakens, making interaction possible between the nitrile groups and the surface hydroxyls Of the Substrate and water. These results provide an important insight. as to why acrylonitrile when copolymerized with butadiene to form nitrile rubber results in one of the best known synthetic oil-resistant rubber. C1 [Lachat, Veronique; Dhinojwala, Ali] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Yeganch, Mohsen S.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Dhinojwala, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM ali4@uakron.edu FU NSF [CTS-0355304, DMR-0512156]; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company FX We are grateful for the financial support from NSF (CTS-0355304 and DMR-0512156) and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company. We also thank Shawn Dougal for technical assistance and computer support from WPAFB for Gaussian calculations. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 22 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 18 BP 7103 EP 7107 DI 10.1021/ma901336q PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 492YR UT WOS:000269699400036 ER PT J AU Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Zatsarinny, O Bartschat, K Srivastava, R Sharma, L AF Dressler, Rainer A. Chiu, Yu-Hui Zatsarinny, Oleg Bartschat, Klaus Srivastava, Rajesh Sharma, Lalita TI Near-infrared collisional radiative model for Xe plasma electrostatic thrusters: the role of metastable atoms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT IONIZATION; HALL THRUSTER; XENON; EXCITATION; PLUME; AR AB Mestastable Xe atoms play an important role in the collisional radiative processes of dense xenon plasmas, including those of electric thrusters for space vehicles. Recent measurements and calculations of electron-excitation processes out of the 5p(5)6s J = 2 metastable state (1s(5) state in Paschen notation) have allowed for the development of a collisional radiative model for Xe near-infrared (NIR) emissions based on the population of the metastable level through 2p-1s(5) radiative transitions, and based on depopulation through electron-impact excitation. A modified plasma radiative model incorporating newly computed electron-impact excitation cross sections using both relativistic distorted wave and semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli B-Spline R-matrix methods is presented. The model applies to optically thin, low-density regions of the thruster plasma and is most accurate at electron temperatures below 10 eV. The model is tested on laboratory spectral measurements of the D55 TAL and BHT-200 Hall thruster plasma NIR radiation. The metastable neutral fraction is determined to rise from 0.1 to slightly above 1% as the electron temperature increases from similar to 2 to 10 eV, reaching a maximum around 15 eV. Electron temperatures derived with the modified model are approximately 20% lower than a previous version of the model that used an approximate approach to account for metastable population and line intensity enhancement. C1 [Dressler, Rainer A.] Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Zatsarinny, Oleg; Bartschat, Klaus] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Srivastava, Rajesh; Sharma, Lalita] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Dressler, RA (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301HS, 2303EP02]; United States National Science Foundation [PHY-0555226, PHY-0757755]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research Development, Tokyo, Japan [064029] FX This work is supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under tasks 2301HS and 2303EP02 (Program Managers: Kent Miller and Michael R Berman). OZ and KB acknowledge grant support, in part, by the United States National Science Foundation (Grant Nos PHY-0555226 and PHY-0757755). RS acknowledges the support of the Asian Office of Aerospace Research Development, Tokyo, Japan (Grant No 064029). The authors are grateful for very helpful suggestions by the referees, in particular the recommendation by one to include ionization rates in equation (4). NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 18 AR 185203 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/42/18/185203 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 491DG UT WOS:000269557000031 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ de la Beaujardiere, O Gentile, LC Hunton, DE Pfaff, RF Roddy, PA Su, YJ Wilson, GR AF Burke, W. J. de la Beaujardiere, O. Gentile, L. C. Hunton, D. E. Pfaff, R. F. Roddy, P. A. Su, Y. -J. Wilson, G. R. TI C/NOFS observations of plasma density and electric field irregularities at post-midnight local times SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; STORM; BUBBLES AB We report on plasma densities and electric fields measured by the C/NOFS satellite between 10 and 20 June 2008. Midway through the interval, geomagnetic conditions changed from quiescent to disturbed as a high speed stream (HSS) in the solar wind passed Earth. During the HSS passage C/NOFS encountered post-midnight irregularities that ranged from strong equatorial plasma bubbles to longitudinally broad depletions. At the leading edge of the HSS the interplanetary magnetic field rapidly intensified and rotated causing auroral electrojet currents to rise and fall within a few hours. As the electrojet relaxed, C/NOFS witnessed a rapid transition from a weakly to a strongly disturbed equatorial ionosphere that lasted similar to 10 hours. Eastward polarization electric fields intensified within locally depleted flux tubes. We discuss relative contributions of gravity-driven currents, overshielding electric fields and disturbance dynamos as drivers of post-midnight depletions. Citation: Burke, W.J., O. de La Beaujardiere, L. C. Gentile, D. E. Hunton, R. F. Pfaff, P. A. Roddy, Y.- J. Su, and G. R. Wilson (2009), C/NOFS observations of plasma density and electric field irregularities at post-midnight local times, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C09, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038879. C1 [Burke, W. J.; de la Beaujardiere, O.; Gentile, L. C.; Hunton, D. E.; Roddy, P. A.; Su, Y. -J.; Wilson, G. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task [2301SDA5]; Air Force [FA8718-08-C-0012] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. This analysis was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 2301SDA5 and Air Force contract FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C09 DI 10.1029/2009GL038879 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497JM UT WOS:000270055300001 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Kim, SN Whitehead, TA Clark, DS Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Kim, Sang Nyon Whitehead, Timothy A. Clark, Douglas S. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biotemplated Metal Nanowires Using Hyperthermophilic Protein Filaments SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE bionanotechnology; conductivity; hyperthermophilic proteins; nanowires; prefoldin ID HISTIDINE-RICH PEPTIDE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHAGE DISPLAY; NANOTUBES; DNA; BIOMINERALIZATION; FABRICATION; TEMPLATES; SCAFFOLDS; TRANSPORT C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Kim, Sang Nyon; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Whitehead, Timothy A.; Clark, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 18 BP 2038 EP 2042 DI 10.1002/smll.200900499 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 500YJ UT WOS:000270342500003 PM 19517487 ER PT J AU Gustafson, SC James, EA Terzuoli, AJ Weidenhammer, LN Barnes, RI AF Gustafson, Steven C. James, Evan A. Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr. Weidenhammer, Lindsay N. Barnes, Rod I. TI Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE High Frequency radio wave propagation; Ionospheric radio wave propagation; Clutter Characterization; Over The Horizon Radar; Rayleigh probability density functions ID RADAR AB A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar Clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types Of Clutter data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Gustafson, Steven C.; James, Evan A.; Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr.; Weidenhammer, Lindsay N.] USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Barnes, Rod I.] RRI, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Terzuoli, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.08.023 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 491QT UT WOS:000269594900003 ER PT J AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Farlow, GC AF Evwaraye, A. O. Smith, S. R. Mitchel, W. C. Farlow, G. C. TI Electric field enhancement of electron emission rates from Z(1/2) centers in 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FAR-INFRARED RADIATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEEP LEVELS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; DEFECT CENTERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; IONIZATION AB Z(1/2) defect centers were produced by irradiating 4H-SiC bulk samples with 1 MeV electrons at room temperature. The emission rate dependence on the electric field in the depletion region was measured using deep level transient spectroscopy and double-correlation deep level transient spectroscopy. It is found that the Z(1/2) defect level shows a strong electric field dependence with activation energy decreasing from E-c-0.72 eV at zero field to E-c-0.47 eV at 6.91 x 10(5) V/cm. The phonon assisted tunneling model of Karpus and Perel [Sov. Phys. JETP 64, 1376 (1986)] completely describes the experimental data. This model describes the dependence of the emission rate on electric field F as e(n)(F) = e(no) exp (F-2/F-c(2)), where F-c is the characteristic field that depends on the phonon assisted tunneling time tau(2). The values of F-c and tau(2) were determined and the analysis of the data leads to the suggestion that Z(1/2) may be a substitutional point defect. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3224872] C1 [Evwaraye, A. O.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Smith, S. R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Farlow, G. C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM andrew.evwaraye@notes.udayton.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 6 AR 063702 DI 10.1063/1.3224872 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JP UT WOS:000270378100069 ER PT J AU Lucarelli, A Yang, R Grilli, F Haugan, T Barnes, P Lupke, G AF Lucarelli, Andrea Yang, Ran Grilli, Francesco Haugan, Timothy Barnes, Paul Luepke, Gunter TI Dynamic field and current distributions in multifilamentary YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films with magnetic coupling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; AC LOSSES; REDUCTION AB We report on the effects of different multifilamentary geometries on the dynamic current and field distributions in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films. Finite-element model simulations are presented that allow a direct comparison of the calculated magnetic flux and current profiles with experimental data obtained by time-resolved magneto-optical imaging. We find that increasing the distance between filaments reduces the magnetic coupling and decreases the ac losses. Screening and transport currents also redistribute more evenly between all filaments. The measured transport current density profiles are in good agreement with the modified critical state model. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3212976] C1 [Lucarelli, Andrea; Yang, Ran; Luepke, Gunter] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Grilli, Francesco] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Haugan, Timothy; Barnes, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucarelli, A (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM luepke@wm.edu RI Lucarelli, Andrea/A-5411-2010 FU Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network; DOE [DEFG02-04ER46127] FX This work was supported by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network. The work at CWM is supported by DOE Grant No. DEFG02-04ER46127. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 6 AR 063904 DI 10.1063/1.3212976 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JP UT WOS:000270378100093 ER PT J AU Shaw, TH Warm, JS Finomore, V Tripp, L Matthews, G Weiler, E Parasuraman, R AF Shaw, Tyler H. Warm, Joel S. Finomore, Victor Tripp, Lloyd Matthews, Gerald Weiler, Ernest Parasuraman, Raja TI Effects of sensory modality on cerebral blood flow velocity during vigilance SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD); Vigilance; Sensory modality ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AUDITORY VIGILANCE; PERFORMANCE; TASK; NICOTINE; DISORDER; DEFICIT; TIME AB Transcranial Doppler sonography was used to measure cerebral blood flow velocity (hemovelocity, CBFV) from the left and right middle cerebral arteries during the performance of 40-min auditory and visual vigilance tasks. Reductions in stimulus duration were the critical signals for detection in both tasks, which were equated for stimulus salience and discrimination difficulty. Signal detection responses (correct detections and false alarms) and CBFV declined significantly over time in a linear manner for both modalities. In addition, the overall level of CBFV and the temporal decline in this measure were greater in the right than the left cerebral hemisphere. The results are consistent with the view that a right hemispheric system is involved in the functional control of vigilance and that this system operates in a similar manner in the auditory and visual channels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaw, Tyler H.; Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warm, Joel S.; Finomore, Victor; Tripp, Lloyd] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Matthews, Gerald; Weiler, Ernest] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Shaw, TH (reprint author), 4400 Univ Dr MS3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tshaw4@gmu.edu FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Military Operational Medicine Research Program [W23RYX3106-N605] FX Supported in part by a contract from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program (Contract # W23RYX3106-N605), Diagnostic Methods for Predicting Performance Impairment Associated with Combat Stress. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 461 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.008 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 478VV UT WOS:000268617600001 PM 19539707 ER PT J AU Sedarsky, D Gord, J Carter, C Meyer, T Linne, M AF Sedarsky, David Gord, James Carter, Campbell Meyer, Terrence Linne, Mark TI Fast-framing ballistic imaging of velocity in an aerated spray SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FLOW; VELOCIMETRY; CAVITATION; PIV AB We describe further development of ballistic imaging adapted for the liquid core of an atomizing spray. To fully understand spray breakup dynamics, one must measure the velocity and acceleration vectors that describe the forces active in primary breakup. This information is inaccessible to most optical diagnostics, as the signal is occluded by strong scattering in the medium. Ballistic imaging mitigates this scattering noise, resolving clean shadowgram-type images of structures within the dense spray region. We demonstrate that velocity data can be extracted from ballistic images of a spray relevant to fuel-injection applications, by implementing a simple, targeted correlation method for determining velocity from pairs of spray images. This work presents the first ballistic images of a liquid-fuel injector for scramjet combustion, and the first velocity information from ballistic images relevant to breakup in the near-field of a spray. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Sedarsky, David; Linne, Mark] Lund Univ, Combust Phys Dept, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Gord, James; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Linne, Mark] Chalmers Univ, Dept Appl Mech, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Meyer, Terrence] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sedarsky, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Combust Phys Dept, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM david.sedarsky@forbrf.lth.se RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; OI Sedarsky, David/0000-0003-3012-9596 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-M-2442]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSE); Swedish Vetenskapsrdet FX This Letter reports velocities obtained within a fuel-injection spray, a turbid two-phase environment. This is made possible by the noise reduction of the ballistic imaging measurement that generates a signal field with strong contrast between liquid and gas-phase regions. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-04-M-2442 (Barry Kiel, Technical Monitor) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSE) (Anne Matsuura, Program Manager). D. Sedarsky is supported by the Swedish Vetenskapsrdet. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 18 BP 2748 EP 2750 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 498CS UT WOS:000270114800017 PM 19756092 ER PT J AU Walton, M Terry, N Hader, J Moloney, J Bedford, R AF Walton, Matthew Terry, Nathan Hader, Jorg Moloney, Jerome Bedford, Robert TI Extraction of semiconductor microchip differential gain by use of optically pumped semiconductor laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB The small-signal modulation response of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser is analyzed to determine its resonance frequency in relation to photon density, allowing nondestructive extraction of characteristic parameters of chips, such as internal loss and differential gain. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3222899] C1 [Walton, Matthew; Terry, Nathan; Hader, Jorg; Moloney, Jerome; Bedford, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Walton, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.walton@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR [08RY08COR] FX We thank V. Kovanis for fruitful discussions. This work is supported in part by AFOSR laboratory task Grant No. 08RY08COR. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1063/1.3222899 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497XC UT WOS:000270096900001 ER PT J AU Nishimura, Y Kikuchi, T Wygant, J Shinbori, A Ono, T Matsuoka, A Nagatsuma, T Brautigam, D AF Nishimura, Y. Kikuchi, T. Wygant, J. Shinbori, A. Ono, T. Matsuoka, A. Nagatsuma, T. Brautigam, D. TI Response of convection electric fields in the magnetosphere to IMF orientation change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS TECHNIQUE; EXOS-D SATELLITE; LARGE-SCALE; MODEL; TIME; INSTRUMENT; EVOLUTION; CURRENTS; EISCAT AB The transient response of convection electric fields in the inner magnetosphere to southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is investigated using in-situ electric field observations by the CRRES and Akebono spacecraft. Electric fields earthward of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet show quick responses simultaneously with change in ionospheric electric fields, which indicates the arrival of the first signal related to southward turning. A coordinated observation of the electric field by the CRRES and Akebono spacecraft separated by 5 RE reveals a simultaneous increase in the dawn-dusk electric field in a wide region of the inner magnetosphere. A quick response associated with the southward turning of the IMF is also identified in in-situ magnetic fields. It indicates that the southward turning of the IMF initiates simultaneous (less than 1 min) enhancements of ionospheric electric fields, convection electric fields in the inner magnetosphere, and the ring or tail current and region 2 FACs. In contrast, a quick response of convection electric fields is not identified in the electron plasma sheet. A statistical study using 161 events of IMF orientation change in 1991 confirms a prompt response within 5 min for 80% of events earthward of the electron plasma sheet, while a large time lag of more than 30 min is identified in electric fields in the electron plasma sheet. The remarkable difference in the response of electric fields indicates that electric fields in the electron plasma sheet are weakened by high conductance in the magnetically conjugated auroral ionosphere. C1 [Nishimura, Y.; Kikuchi, T.; Shinbori, A.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Brautigam, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Matsuoka, A.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Nagatsuma, T.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Appl Electromagnet Res Ctr, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Ono, T.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Wygant, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Tate Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nishimura, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM yukitosi@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp OI Nagatsuma, Tsutomu/0000-0002-9334-0738 FU NASA [NAG5-13488]; JSPS; Tohoku University FX The authors wish to thank Howard Singer for the CRRES magnetometer data. The ground magnetometer data and SYM- H index were provided by WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The IMP-8 spacecraft data were provided through the CDAWeb. This work was supported by NASA contract NAG5-13488, JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists, and the 21st century COE program at Tohoku University. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A09206 DI 10.1029/2009JA014277 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 493SR UT WOS:000269758800003 ER PT J AU Phillips, GT Perram, GP AF Phillips, Grady T. Perram, Glen P. TI Crossed-beam intermodulated fluorescence spectroscopy as a spatially resolved temperature diagnostic for supersonic nozzles SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SATURATED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED IODINE FLUORESCENCE; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-IODINE; LASER; LINE; FLAMES; STATE; I-2; NM AB A variant of laser saturation spectroscopy has been applied to the determination of spatially resolved temperature in low-pressure supersonic flows. By copropagating a pump and probe beam with a small crossing angle, the full Doppler profile is retained, but the signal is limited to the volume where both beams are overlapped. The technique was demonstrated on several rovibrational lines of the I2X1 Sigma(0(g)(+)) --> B-3 Pi(0(u)(+)) transition in a Mach 2 Laval nozzle. A temperature of 146 K +/- 1.5 K was extracted from measurements of the I-2 P(46) 17-1 spectral line with a spatial resolution of 2.4 mm(3). Application of the technique to the turbulent gain medium of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser is discussed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Phillips, Grady T.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We particularly appreciate the design and construction of the nozzle by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 26 BP 4917 EP 4921 DI 10.1364/AO.48.004917 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 498DS UT WOS:000270117600011 PM 19745854 ER PT J AU Tappin, SJ Howard, TA AF Tappin, S. J. Howard, T. A. TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF A COROTATING INTERACTION REGION BY THREE SPACECRAFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; SOLAR-WIND STREAMS; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION; STEREO MISSION; 5 AU; EARTH; SUN; TRANSIENT; DENSITY AB White-light observations of interplanetary disturbances have been dominated by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). This is because the other type of disturbance, the corotating interaction region (CIR), has proved difficult to detect using white-light imagers. Recently, a number of papers have appeared presenting CIR observations using the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Heliospheric Imagers (HIs), but have mostly only focused on a single spacecraft and imager. In this paper, we present observations of a single CIR that was observed by all three current white-light heliospheric imagers (SMEI and both STEREO HIs), as well as the in situ instruments on both STEREO satellites and ACE. We begin with a discussion of the geometry of the CIR structure, and show how the apparent leading edge structure is expected to change as it corotates relative to the observer. We use these calculations to predict elongation-time profiles for CIRs of different speeds for each of the imagers, and also to predict the arrival times at the in situ instruments. We show that although all three measured different parts, they combine to produce a self-consistent picture of the CIR. Finally, we offer some thoughts on why CIRs have proved so difficult to detect in white-light heliospheric images. C1 [Tappin, S. J.; Howard, T. A.] Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Tappin, SJ (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM jtappin@nso.edu FU AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; Air Force; University of Birmingham; NASA; UK institutions by Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC); German institutions by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR); Belgian institutions by Belgian Science Policy Office; French institutions by Centre National dEtudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FX This work is supported in part by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. SMEI is a collaborative project of the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory, the University of Birmingham, UK, NASA, the University of California at San Diego, and Boston College. Financial support has been provided by the Air Force, the University of Birmingham, and NASA. The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (US), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (US), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (US), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystem-forschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The US institutions were funded by NASA; the UK institutions by Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC); the German institutions by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR); the Belgian institutions by Belgian Science Policy Office; and the French institutions by Centre National dEtudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 702 IS 2 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/862 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487BI UT WOS:000269245000005 ER PT J AU Siefring, CL Bernhardt, PA Roddy, PA Hunton, DE AF Siefring, Carl L. Bernhardt, Paul A. Roddy, Patrick A. Hunton, Donald E. TI Comparisons of equatorial irregularities measurements from C/NOFS: TEC using CERTO and CITRIS with in-situ plasma density SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSION AB Equatorial plasma density measurements using two techniques are analyzed. The unique instrument complement on C/NOFS (Communication/Navigations Outages Forecasting System) allows for the measurement of TEC (Total Electron Content) using the CERTO (Coherent Electromagnetic Radio TOmography) beacon and measurement of in-situ densities using the PLP (Planar Langmuir Probe). In a nearby orbit, the CITRIS (sCIntilation and TEC Receiver In Space) was available for complementary measurements. TEC was measured with 1) CERTO-CITRIS conjunctions that allow estimates of absolute TEC and 2) CITRIS with ground-based DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) beacons. The combination of the remote and in-situ techniques provides more information, enhanced believability for probe measurements as the satellite transitions from darkness to sunlight, as well as cross-calibration and better accuracy for both data sets. The measurements presented are taken in unusually quiet geomagnetic conditions and indicate equatorial irregularities are present nearly 80% of the time for nighttime measurements. Citation: Siefring, C. L., P. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Roddy, and D. E. Hunton (2009), Comparisons of equatorial irregularities measurements from C/NOFS: TEC using CERTOand CITRISwith in-situ plasma density, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C08, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038985. C1 [Siefring, Carl L.; Bernhardt, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roddy, Patrick A.; Hunton, Donald E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Siefring, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6754,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carl.siefring@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. The authors acknowledge the contributions of M. Long, I. Galysh, D. Koch, T. Rodilosso and T. MacDonald from NRL. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C08 DI 10.1029/2009GL038985 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 493RQ UT WOS:000269756000002 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Midey, A Eyet, N Bierbaum, VM Troe, J AF Viggiano, Albert A. Midey, Anthony Eyet, Nicole Bierbaum, Veronica M. Troe, Juergen TI Dissociative excitation transfer in the reaction of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) with OH-(H2O)(1,2) clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dissociation; molecular clusters; molecule-molecule reactions; oxygen; reaction kinetics theory; reaction rate constants; water ID FORMING BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; IONS; OH; TRANSITION; HYDRATION; O-2(-) AB Rate constants for the dissociation of OH-(H2O) and OH-(H2O)(2) by transfer of electronic energy from O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) were measured. Values of 1.8x10(-11) and 2.2x10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, at 300 K were derived and temperature dependences were obtained from 300 to 500 K for OH-(H2O) and from 300 to 400 K for OH-(H2O)(2). Dissociative excitation transfer with OH-(H2O) is slightly endothermic and the reaction appears to have a positive temperature dependence, but barely outside the uncertainty range. In contrast, the reaction of OH-(H2O)(2) is exothermic and appears to have a negative temperature dependence. The rate constants are analyzed in terms of unimolecular rate theory, which suggests that the dissociation is prompt and is not affected by collisions with the helium buffer gas. C1 [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Viggiano, Albert A.; Midey, Anthony] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Eyet, Nicole; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2303EP4, FA8655-09-3001]; Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0647088] FX We would like to acknowledge Bill McDermott, Terry Rawlins, and Steve Davis who provided numerous helpful suggestions on how to work with O2(a1Delta g). This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Project No. 2303EP4 and Grant Award No. FA8655-09-3001. A. J. M. was supported by the Boston College under Contract No. FA8718-04-C-0006. N. E. and V. M. B. were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0647088. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 9 AR 094303 DI 10.1063/1.3212839 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 492AH UT WOS:000269625400013 PM 19739854 ER PT J AU Hytla, PC Hardie, RC Eismann, MT Meola, J AF Hytla, Patrick C. Hardie, Russell C. Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph TI Anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery: comparison of methods using diurnal and seasonal data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE anomaly detection; hyperspectral imagery; change detection ID DETECTION ALGORITHMS AB The use of hyperspectral imaging is a fast growing field with many applications in the civilian, commercial and military sectors. Hyperspectral images are typically composed of many spectral bands in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and have the potential to deliver a great deal of information about a remotely sensed scene. One area of interest regarding hyperspectral images is anomaly detection, or the ability to find spectral outliers within a complex background in a scene with no a priori information about the scene or its specific contents. Anomaly detectors typically operate by creating a statistical background model of a hyperspectral image and measuring anomalies as image pixels that do not conform properly to that given model. In this study we compare the performance over diurnal and seasonal changes for several different anomaly detection methods found in the literature and a new anomaly detector that we refer to as the fuzzy cluster-based anomaly detector. Here we also compare the performance of several anomaly-based change detection algorithms. Our results indicate that all anomaly detectors tested in this experimentation exhibit strong performance under optimum illumination and environmental conditions. However, our results point toward a significant performance advantage for cluster-based anomaly detectors in the presence of adverse environmental conditions. C1 [Hytla, Patrick C.; Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Eismann, Michael T.; Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hytla, PC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033546 DI 10.1117/1.3236689 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520YG UT WOS:000271885100001 ER PT J AU Duan, JS Park, K MacCuspie, RI Vaia, RA Pachter, R AF Duan, Jinsong Park, Kyoungweon MacCuspie, Robert I. Vaia, Richard A. Pachter, Ruth TI Optical Properties of Rodlike Metallic Nanostructures: Insight from Theory and Experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEED-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANORODS; ASPECT RATIO; PLASMON RESONANCES; AU-AG; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE-PLASMONS; NEAR-FIELD AB In this work, we combined synthesis of Au nanorods (AuNRs) and Au-Ag core-shell nanorod-like structures, of narrow size distribution in all dimensions and for a broad range of aspect ratios, with computational prediction of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPRs), in order to gain a better understanding of the optical response. Self-assembled AuNRs were also synthesized and characterized experimentally and theoretically. In addition, an understanding of the growth of Au-Ag core-shell nanorod-like structures for varying geometries, dielectric environments, and compositions was obtained. Controlled and precise synthesis, even for AuNRs with large aspect ratios, for Au-Ag core-shell nanostructures and AuNR pairs, enabled validation of the computational results, and development of structure-property relationships. These will, in turn, assist in the experimental characterization of AuNRs and related core-shell nanostructures. C1 [Duan, Jinsong; Park, Kyoungweon; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Vaia, Richard A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Jinsong] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 79 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 35 BP 15524 EP 15532 DI 10.1021/jp902448f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 487EC UT WOS:000269252500009 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Kim, SN Naik, RR Maruyama, B Pender, MJ Pachter, R AF Akdim, B. Kim, S. N. Naik, R. R. Maruyama, B. Pender, M. J. Pachter, R. TI Understanding effects of molecular adsorption at a single-wall boron nitride nanotube interface from density functional theory calculations SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; ENERGIES; REACTIVITY; BIOSENSORS; COMPLEXES; TRANSPORT AB In this paper, we explored computationally the feasibility of modulating the bandgap in a single-wall BN nanotube (BNNT) upon noncovalent adsorption of organic molecules, combined with the application of a transverse electric field. Effects of analytes' physisorption on the surface of BNNTs regarding structural and electronic properties were delineated. Relatively large binding energies were calculated, however, with minimal perturbation of the structural framework. Electronic structure calculations indicated that the bandgap of BNNTs can be modified by weak adsorption due to the presence of adsorbate states in the gap of the host system. Furthermore, we have shown that the application of a transverse electric field can tune the bandgap by shifting adsorbate states, consistent with calculated current-voltage characteristics. C1 [Akdim, B.; Kim, S. N.; Naik, R. R.; Maruyama, B.; Pender, M. J.; Pachter, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Akdim, B.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brahim.Akdim@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 2 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 35 AR 355705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/35/355705 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 482TL UT WOS:000268911500021 PM 19671986 ER PT J AU Singamaneni, S Gupta, M Yang, RS Tomczak, MM Naik, RR Wang, ZL Tsukruk, VV AF Singamaneni, Srikanth Gupta, Maneesh Yang, Rusen Tomczak, Melanie M. Naik, Rajesh R. Wang, Zhong L. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Nondestructive In Situ Identification of Crystal Orientation of Anisotropic ZnO Nanostructures SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanostructure; polarized Raman; bioenabled growth; waveguiding; crystal plane ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NANOWIRE; NANOBELTS; SURFACES; STRAIN; DRIVEN AB We present a novel method for direct, fast, nonambiguous, and nondestructive identification of the growth direction and orientation of individual ZnO nanostructures in the device-ready environment by exploiting high-resolution confocal Raman mapping. Various features of the Raman spectrum of ZnO nanostructures, vapor deposition grown nanobelts and peptide-assisted vertical nanorods, were found to be sensitive to the relative orientation of the crystal plane. Furthermore, we discovered that the waveguiding property of the ZnO nanobelt is also orientation dependent and results in either apparent enhancement or suppression of Raman scattering from the underlying substrate. We demonstrate that various features of Raman spectrum of NO and the modulation of the substrate signal can be employed for the rapid and nondestructive identification of the crystal growth direction and orientation of these nanostructures even after integration into devices, which is impossible with current electron microscopy and diffraction techniques. We believe that the general features observed here are equally applicable to other wurtzite nanostructures (ZnS, GaN) which are critical in optoelectronics, lasing, and piezotronic applications. C1 [Singamaneni, Srikanth; Gupta, Maneesh; Yang, Rusen; Wang, Zhong L.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. [Tomczak, Melanie M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. EM vladimlr@mse.gatech.edu RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010; Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; wang, bo/F-9600-2014; Yang, Rusen/D-5536-2009 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; Yang, Rusen/0000-0002-4019-4642 FU Air Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research laboratory FX We would like to thank K. Bergman for technical assistance in the preparation of the vertically aligned nanorods. This work was supported by funding provided by the Air Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research laboratory. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 9 BP 2593 EP 2600 DI 10.1021/nn900687g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 496PY UT WOS:000269988600021 PM 19655727 ER PT J AU Shade, PA Wheeler, R Choi, YS Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Fraser, HL AF Shade, P. A. Wheeler, R. Choi, Y. S. Uchic, M. D. Dimiduk, D. M. Fraser, H. L. TI A combined experimental and simulation study to examine lateral constraint effects on microcompression of single-slip oriented single crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Compression test; Plastic deformation; Slip ID MICRON-SCALE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPRESSION; PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; PILLARS; ORIENTATION; STRENGTH; ALUMINUM; COLUMNS AB A custom in situ scanning electron microscopy mechanical testing system has been used to study the compressive deformation behavior of single-slip oriented Rene N5 single-crystal Ni superalloy microcrystals. Two different compression platens were used to explore the effect of lateral stiffness on the resultant mechanical response, which approximated either a high-friction or effectively zero-friction case. The change in the lateral constraint of the test system had a demonstrable effect on many aspects or attributes of plastic flow: the yield stress and strain-hardening behavior, the intermittency of strain bursts, the spatial distribution of slip bands, and the development of internal crystal rotations. Finite-element modeling of the microcompression experiments using an anisotropic crystal plasticity framework provided insight regarding changes in the internal stress field and resultant activity of slip systems. The experimental findings are rationalized based on these simulation results. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shade, P. A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Shade, P. A.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wheeler, R.; Choi, Y. S.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Uchic, M. D.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM shade.34@osu.edu RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge A. Shiveley, A. Smith, D. Sergison, and R. Kerns for their contributions to this work. The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 57 IS 15 BP 4580 EP 4587 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.029 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 489LA UT WOS:000269420400024 ER PT J AU Siouris, GM AF Siouris, George M. TI Gravity modeling in aerospace applications SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gravity model; Inertial navigation system; Markov process; Geopotential; Zonal harmonics ID STATISTICAL MODELS; CONVERSION AB The science of inertial navigation has evolved to the point that the traditional gravity model is a principal error source in advanced, precise systems. Specifically, the unmodeled vertical deflections of the earth's gravitational field are a major contributor to CEP (circular error probable) divergence in precise terrestrial inertial navigation systems (INS). Over the years, several studies have been undertaken to the development of advanced techniques for accurate, real-time compensation of gravity disturbance vectors. More complex on-board gravity models which compute vertical deflection components will reduce the CEP divergence rate, but imperfect modeling due to on-board processing limitations will still cause residual vertical deflection errors. In order to eliminate or reduce gravity-induced errors in the INS requires measurement of gravity disturbance values and in-flight compensation to the inertial navigator. It is assumed in this paper that gravity disturbance values have been measured prior to the airborne mission and various techniques for compensation are to be considered. As part of a screening process in this study, several gravity compensation techniques (both deterministic and stochastic models) were investigated. The screening process involved identification of gravity models and algorithms, and developments of selection criteria for subsequent screening of the candidates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Siouris, George M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM siouris@att.net NR 26 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 13 IS 6 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2009.05.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510NW UT WOS:000271097200004 ER PT J AU Owens, AB Canas, LC Russell, KL Neville, JS Pavlin, JA MacIntosh, VH Gray, GC Gaydos, JC AF Owens, Angela B. Canas, Linda C. Russell, Kevin L. Neville, James S. Pavlin, Julie A. MacIntosh, Victor H. Gray, Gregory C. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Department of Defense Global Laboratoty-Based Influenza Surveillance 1998-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY; VACCINES AB The Department of Defense (DoD) Global Laboratory Based Influenza Surveillance Program was initiated in 1997 to formally consolidate and expand existing influenza surveillance programs within the DoD and in areas where DoD was working. Substantial changes in 2008 provided an opportunity to review the operation of the Surveillance program as it existed during seven complete influenza seasons (1998-2005); the review was conducted in 2008. A unique aspect of the DoD program was the global reach for specimen collection and the ability to rapidly ship, process, and evaluate specimens from 27 countries. The resulting epidemiologic data combined with the culture results from >46,000 patients provided information that was shared with similar national and international programs, such as those of the CDC. Likewise, selected influenza isolates were molecularly characterized and shared with the CDC to be compared with other surveillance programs. Timeliness of the samples contributed to the information available for annual influenza vaccine selection. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(3):235-241) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Owens, Angela B.; Canas, Linda C.; Neville, James S.; MacIntosh, Victor H.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Russell, Kevin L.; Gaydos, Joel C.] AFHSC, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Neville, JS (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.neville@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.022 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 487RA UT WOS:000269291300011 PM 19666159 ER PT J AU Fester, EW Noyes, FR AF Fester, Eric W. Noyes, Frank R. TI Postoperative Chondrolysis of the Knee 3 Case Reports and a Review of the Literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE chondrolysis; knee arthroscopy; bupivacaine; pain pump ID BOVINE ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES; PARTIAL LATERAL MENISCECTOMY; IN-VITRO; GLENOHUMERAL CHONDROLYSIS; BUPIVACAINE; ARTHROSCOPY; SHOULDER; CHLORHEXIDINE; CARTILAGE; MORPHINE C1 [Fester, Eric W.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Fester, Eric W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Fester, Eric W.] Wright State Univ, Dept Orthopaed, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Noyes, Frank R.] Cincinnati Sportsmed & Orthopaed Ctr Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Noyes, Frank R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Fester, EW (reprint author), 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cfleckenstein@csmref.org NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1848 EP 1854 DI 10.1177/0363546509334999 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 487FO UT WOS:000269256500024 PM 19535664 ER PT J AU Ferre, RM Wasielewski, JN Strout, TD Perron, AD AF Ferre, Robinson M. Wasielewski, Jessica N. Strout, Tania D. Perron, Andrew D. TI Tamsulosin for Ureteral Stones in the Emergency Department: A Randomized, Controlled Trial SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys ID MEDICAL-EXPULSIVE THERAPY; SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY; UROLOGIC DISEASES; AMERICA PROJECT; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; CALCULI; TOMOGRAPHY; NIFEDIPINE; PASSAGE AB Study objective: The a-adrenergic antagonist tamsulosin hydrochloride has become an increasingly common adjunct in the treatment of ureteral calculi; however, its efficacy in a general emergency department (ED) population has not been investigated. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of adult ED patients with distal ureteral calculi diagnosed by computed tomography scan. Patients were randomized to receive either a 10-day course of ibuprofen and oxycodone plus tamsulosin or ibuprofen and oxycodone alone. The primary outcome measure was successful spontaneous ureteral stone expulsion at 14 days. Secondary outcomes included time to stone passage, self-reported pain scores, number of colicky pain episodes, unscheduled return ED/primary care visits, number of days of missed work/usual function, amount of analgesic used, and adverse events. Results: Eighty subjects were enrolled in the study, with 77 completing the trial. Mean stone size was 3.6 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4 to 3.9). Successful spontaneous stone expulsion at 14 days was similar between the groups, with 27 (77.1%) subjects in the tamsulosin group and 24 (64.9%) subjects in the standard therapy group reporting spontaneous stone passage, a difference of 12% (95% CI -8.4% to 32.8%). At 2-, 5-, and 14-day follow-up, there were no clinically important (or statistically significant) differences between the groups for any secondary outcome measure. No adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusion: In this cohort of adult ED patients with distal ureteral calculi, treatment with tamsulosin did not substantially improve any of the studied outcome measures compared with treatment with ibuprofen and oxycodone alone. [Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:432-439.] C1 [Wasielewski, Jessica N.; Strout, Tania D.; Perron, Andrew D.] Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Ferre, Robinson M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Strout, TD (reprint author), Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102 USA. EM Strout@mmc.org RI Strout, Tania/L-1556-2013 OI Strout, Tania/0000-0001-9053-1523 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.12.026 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JM UT WOS:000269345900023 PM 19200622 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Mason, PE Ferre, RM Eadie, JS Muck, AE Joseph, J Pitotti, RL AF Bebarta, V. S. Mason, P. E. Ferre, R. M. Eadie, J. S. Muck, A. E. Joseph, J. Pitotti, R. L. TI Disease and Non-Battle Traumatic Injuries Evaluated by Emergency Physicians in a US Tertiary Combat Hospital SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100191 ER PT J AU Miller, J Lairet, J DeLorenzo, R Pitotti, R AF Miller, J. Lairet, J. DeLorenzo, R. Pitotti, R. TI Intraosseous Infusion of Crystalloid Fluid Immediately After Intraosseous Infusion of Nitroglycerin in the Proximal Tibia of a Swine (Sus Scrofa) Model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S140 EP S140 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100447 ER PT J AU Olderog, CK Schmitz, G Pitotti, R Williams, J Huebner, K Livengood, T Ritz, B AF Olderog, C. K. Schmitz, G. Pitotti, R. Williams, J. Huebner, K. Livengood, T. Ritz, B. TI Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Multi-Center Trial of Antibiotic Treatment for Uncomplicated Skin Abscesses in Patients at Risk for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection: An Interim Analysis SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Darnell Army Med Ctr, Killeen, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100335 ER PT J AU Raja, AS Propper, BW Matchette, MW VandenBerg, SL Rasmussen, TE Johannigman, JA Davidson, SB AF Raja, A. S. Propper, B. W. Matchette, M. W. VandenBerg, S. L. Rasmussen, T. E. Johannigman, J. A. Davidson, S. B. TI Imaging Utilization During Explosive Multiple Casualty Incidents SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 Wright Patterson AF Base, Dayton, OH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100391 ER PT J AU Robinson, JA Kacprowicz, RF Lyon, R AF Robinson, J. A. Kacprowicz, R. F. Lyon, R. TI Automated Referral for Elevated Blood Pressure Has No Impact on Patient Knowledge of Referral SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 [Robinson, J. A.; Kacprowicz, R. F.; Lyon, R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S107 EP S107 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100340 ER PT J AU Schmitz, GR Pitotti, R Olderog, C Livengood, T Williams, J AF Schmitz, G. R. Pitotti, R. Olderog, C. Livengood, T. Williams, J. TI Prospective Randomized Trial of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole vs Placebo on 30-Day Recurrence Rates for Uncomplicated Skin Abscesses in Patients at Risk for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: An Interim Analysis SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Forum 2009 CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Boston Exhibit & Convent Ctr C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooks Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU S BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488JO UT WOS:000269346100331 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG White, MR Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Gackstetter, GD Boyko, EJ AF Jacobson, Isabel G. White, Martin R. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Gackstetter, Gary D. Boyko, Edward J. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-Reported Health Symptoms and Conditions Among Complementary and Alternative Medicine Users in a Large Military Cohort SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cohort Studies; Complementary Therapies; Signs and Symptoms ID UNITED-STATES; MILLENNIUM COHORT; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; PREVALENCE; UTILITY; SERVICES AB PURPOSE: To describe medical symptom and condition reporting in relation to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among members of the US military. METHODS: CAM was defined as health treatments not widely taught at US medical schools or typically available at US hospitals. By using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we included participants who completed a survey from 2004 to 2006 (n = 86,131) as part of this cross-sectional analysis in which we sought to identify demographic characteristics and types of health-related symptoms and conditions associated with CAM use. Chi-square tests were used to compare health assessed by self-reported symptoms and conditions among those not reporting CAM use with those reporting practitioner-assisted or self-administered CAM. RESULTS: Of 86,131 participants, 30% reported using at least one practitioner-assisted CAM therapy, 27% reported using at least one self-administered CAM therapy, whereas 59% did not report using any CAM therapy. Both women and men who used CAM reported a greater proportion of specific health conditions and health-related symptoms compared with those not reporting CAM use (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate that a relatively young adult occupational cohort of military personnel using CAM therapies also report multiple comorbidities which may indicate chronic illness management and poorer overall health. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:613-622. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; White, Martin R.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidetniol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept 164,140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM isabel.jacobson@med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 9 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.05.001 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 488ES UT WOS:000269332600002 PM 19596206 ER PT J AU Propper, BW Alley, JB Gifford, SM Burkhardt, GE Rasmussen, TE AF Propper, Brandon W. Alley, Joshua B. Gifford, Shaun M. Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Endovascular Treatment of a Blunt Aortic Injury in Iraq: Extension of Innovative Endovascular Capabilities to the Modern Battlefield SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID THORACIC AORTA; STENT; REPAIR; CUFFS AB Background: The management of blunt descending thoracic aortic injury remains controversial. Despite emerging evidence touting the advantage of endovascular repair in civilian trauma, there have been no reports on the application of this management strategy in the austere environment of war. We provide a case report from the 332nd EMDG/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base, Iraq. Methods: An Iraqi policeman presented with traumatic aortic disruption following blunt trauma. The patient arrived with hemoperitoneum, a Le Fort III facial fracture, a left humerus fracture, and a thoracic aortic disruption. Following facial packing, fracture stabilization, and damage control laparotomy, aortography was performed, confirming aortic disruption beyond the left subclavian artery. The injury was treated with three aortic cuffs (Gore Excluder (R) AAA Aortic Extender Endoprostheses) placed in sequence from the origin of the left subclavian across the disruption. A type III endoleak was successfully managed with placement of one additional aortic cuff. Results: The patient was discharged after 1 month following the successful treatment of his other injuries. Computed tomography angiography at 10 and 30 days following the procedure revealed no endoleak and a resolved periaortic hematoma. Conclusion: This report details the first endovascular treatment of blunt aortic injury in wartime and represents a sustained commitment to advance innovative endovascular capability closer to the time of injury. Although controversial, this less invasive approach is appealing in patients with high injury severity scores, making its availability in wartime especially germane. C1 [Propper, Brandon W.; Alley, Joshua B.; Gifford, Shaun M.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Alley, Joshua B.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] AF Theater Hosp, Expeditionary Med Grp 332, Balad Air Base, Iraq. [Propper, Brandon W.; Alley, Joshua B.; Gifford, Shaun M.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Propper, BW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bpropper@me.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 AR 687.e19 DI 10.1016/j.avsg.2009.02.007 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 492OV UT WOS:000269669100024 PM 19559567 ER PT J AU Lucey, BP Nelson-Rees, WA Hutchins, GM AF Lucey, Brendan P. Nelson-Rees, Walter A. Hutchins, Grover M. TI Henrietta Lacks, HeLa Cells, and Cell Culture Contamination SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MARKER CHROMOSOMES; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; LINES; ISOENZYME; ORIGIN AB Henrietta Lacks died in 1951 of an aggressive adenocarcinoma of the cervix. A tissue biopsy obtained for diagnostic evaluation yielded additional tissue for Dr George O. Gey's tissue culture laboratory at Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, Maryland). The cancer cells, now called HeLa cells, grew rapidly in cell culture and became the first human cell line. HeLa cells were used by researchers around the world. However, 20 years after Henrietta Lacks' death, mounting evidence suggested that HeLa cells contaminated and overgrew other cell lines. Cultures, supposedly of tissues such as breast cancer or mouse, proved to be HeLa cells. We describe the history behind the development of HeLa cells, including the first published description of Ms Lacks' autopsy, and the cell culture contamination that resulted. The debate over cell culture contamination began in the 1970s and was not harmonious. Ultimately, the problem was not resolved and it continues today. Finally, we discuss the philosophical implications of the immortal HeLa cell line. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009; 133: 1463-1467) C1 [Lucey, Brendan P.] Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Hutchins, Grover M.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Lucey, BP (reprint author), Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1400 N Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM brendanlucey@hotmail.com OI Lucey, Brendan/0000-0001-5400-825X NR 44 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 11 U2 70 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 133 IS 9 BP 1463 EP 1467 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 490GC UT WOS:000269486600027 PM 19722756 ER PT J AU Athwal, GS McGill, RJ Rispoli, DM AF Athwal, George S. McGill, Robert J. Rispoli, Damian M. TI Isolated Avulsion of the Medial Head of the Triceps Tendon: An Anatomic Study and Arthroscopic Repair in 2 Cases SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Triceps; Medial head; Arthroscopy; Footprint; Olecranon ID ELBOW; INSTABILITY; RUPTURE; TEARS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the area and characteristics of the triceps tendon footprint on the olecranon, with special attention to the medial head insertion. The secondary goal was to report 2 cases of isolated avulsions of the medial head of the triceps tendon treated successfully with arthroscopic repair. Methods: Fifteen cadaveric upper extremities were examined to investigate the triceps tendon insertion, and two case reports of an arthroscopic repair technique are described. Results: In 8 specimens (53%) there was a separate insertion of the medial head of the triceps tendon on the olecranon, which was deep to the long and lateral head insertions. The mean area of the medial head insertion was 44 mm(2), and the mean area of the combined long and lateral head insertions was 115 mm(2). In 7 specimens (47%) the long, lateral, and medial heads of the triceps inserted together and had a mean area of 134 mm(2). Although the 3 heads of the triceps inserted together, the medial head tendon fiber orientation was still directed deep to the long and lateral heads. At 2 years' follow-up, both patients described no pain, had better strength, and had improved Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores and Mayo Elbow Performance Scores. Conclusions: We have determined the characteristics of the distal triceps tendon footprint and the insertional orientation on the olecranon. For cases with an isolated avulsion of the medial head of the triceps tendon, an arthroscopic repair technique is described. Level of Evidence: Level IV, anatomic study and therapeutic case series. C1 [Athwal, George S.] Univ Western Ontario, Hand & Upper Limp Ctr, St Josephs Hlth Care, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. [McGill, Robert J.; Rispoli, Damian M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Athwal, GS (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Hand & Upper Limp Ctr, St Josephs Hlth Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. EM gathwal@uwo.ca NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 9 BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.02.020 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 492YN UT WOS:000269698900014 PM 19732636 ER PT J AU Joe, KJ Huitron, SS Crawford, JJ Frink, SJ AF Joe, Keith J. Huitron, Sonny S. Crawford, John J. Frink, Spencer J. TI Idiopathic Equinocavovarus Foot Deformity in an 8-year-old Girl SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; MELORHEOSTOSIS C1 [Joe, Keith J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Huitron, Sonny S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Crawford, John J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX USA. [Frink, Spencer J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Joe, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dyno_kjoe@hotmail.com FU Wilford Hall Medical Center Departments of Orthopaedics and Pathology FX We thank the Wilford Hall Medical Center Departments of Orthopaedics and Pathology, and the Brooke Army Medical Center Department of Orthopaedics, for contributions to this article. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 467 IS 9 BP 2482 EP 2486 DI 10.1007/s11999-008-0677-6 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 476YY UT WOS:000268483900037 PM 19198964 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Mohammed, A AF Lair, Alan V. Mohammed, Ahmed TI ENTIRE LARGE SOLUTIONS OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS OF MIXED TYPE SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Entire solutions; large solutions; semilinear equations ID BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; EXISTENCE AB We prove existence and nonexistence of nonnegative entire large solutions for the semilinear elliptic equation Delta u = p(x)f(u) + q(x)g(u) in which f and g are nondecreasing and vanish at the origin. The locally Holder continuous functions p and q are nonnegative. We extend results previously obtained for special cases of f and g. C1 [Lair, Alan V.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mohammed, Ahmed] Ball State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Lair@afit.edu; amohammed@bsu.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1534-0392 EI 1553-5258 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL ANAL JI Commun. Pure Appl. Anal PD SEP PY 2009 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1607 EP 1618 DI 10.3934/cpaa.2009.8.1607 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 449EI UT WOS:000266313200009 ER PT J AU Mall, S Katwyk, DW Bolick, RL Kelkar, AD Davis, DC AF Mall, S. Katwyk, D. W. Bolick, R. L. Kelkar, A. D. Davis, D. C. TI Tension-compression fatigue behavior of a H-VARTM manufactured unnotched and notched carbon/epoxy composite SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Carbon/Epoxy; Tension-compression fatigue; Notch; Circular hole; H-VARM; Damage mechanisms AB The tension-compression fatigue behavior of a four-harness satin weave carbon fiber/epoxy (IM7/EPON 862) composite manufactured from the H-VARTM (Heated Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process was investigated. Unnotched and notched specimens were both tested in this study. The notch was a circular hole located at the center of specimen. The fatigue lives of the unnotched IM7/EPON 862 composites in the fully reversed tens ion-compress ion fatigue testing condition were significantly shorter than in the tension-tension fatigue testing condition. However, there was no effect of the notch on the fatigue life/strength. Damage mechanisms involved initial matrix cracking followed by delamination, microbuckling, fiber kinking and finally fiber breakage. The final failure occurred under compression in the shear mode. In the notched specimen, the damage was initially concentrated at the maximum stress concentration location (edge of hole). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mall, S.; Katwyk, D. W.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bolick, R. L.; Kelkar, A. D.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Davis, D. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.03.015 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 456OR UT WOS:000266857000012 ER PT J AU Mall, S Conley, DS AF Mall, S. Conley, D. S. TI Modeling and validation of composite patch repair to cracked thick and thin metallic panels SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Patch repair; Bonded composite patch; Finite element analysis; Fatigue crack growth ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; ALUMINUM PANELS; BONDED REINFORCEMENTS; PLATE; GROWTH; COMPONENTS AB A two-dimensional finite element analysis is presented to predict crack growth behavior of cracked panels repaired with bonded composite patch. Fatigue experiments were conducted with precracked aluminum specimens of two thicknesses (1 and 6.35 mm), with and without debond, and repaired asymmetrically. Fatigue lives of thick and thin repaired panels extended four and ten times relative to unrepaired cases, respectively. The predicted fatigue crack growth rates were in agreement with experimental values at the unpatched face but not at the patched face. Thus, the present analysis provides a conservative assessment of durability and damage tolerance of repaired thin and thick panels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mall, S.; Conley, D. S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1331 EP 1339 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.08.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 498RW UT WOS:000270161800003 ER PT J AU Voyiadjis, GZ Deliktas, B Palazotto, AN AF Voyiadjis, George Z. Deliktas, Babur Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Thermodynamically consistent coupled viscoplastic damage model for perforation and penetration in metal matrix composite materials SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Metal-matrix composites (MMCs); Anisotropy; Impact behaviour; Damage mechanics; Perforation and penetration ID ISOENERGY DENSITY THEORY; FRP LAMINATES STRUCK; DISLOCATION MECHANICS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; BALLISTIC PENETRATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; 6061-T6 ALUMINUM; IMPACT BEHAVIOR; PROJECTILES; VELOCITY AB Accurate modeling and efficient analysis of the metal matrix composite materials failure mechanism during high velocity impact conditions is still the ultimate goal for many researchers. The objective is to develop a micromechanical constitutive model that can effectively simulate the high impact damage problem of the metal matrix composite materials. Therefore in this paper, a multiscale micromechanical constitutive model that couples the anisotropic damage mechanism with the viscoplastic deformation is presented here as a solution to this situation. This coupled viscoplastic damage model is formulated based on thermodynamic laws. Nonlinear continuum mechanics is used for this heterogeneous media that assesses a strong coupling between viscoplasticity and anisotropic damage. It includes the strong directional effect of the fiber on the evolution of the back stress and the development of the viscoplastic strain in the material behavior for high velocity impact damage related problems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Voyiadjis, George Z.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Deliktas, Babur] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-31034 Antakya, Antakya, Turkey. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voyiadjis, GZ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3508B CEBA, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu FU AFSOR [FA8601-07-P-0302]; Science and Technology Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) FX The first author acknowledges the financial support provided for this research by the AFSOR through the Air Force Institute of Technology at WPAFB, Ohio, under Grant No. FA8601-07-P-0302. The second author acknowledges the financial support provided for his research from the Science and Technology Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the 2219 International Postdoctoral research Scholarship Program. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 SI SI BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.01.008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 485HK UT WOS:000269111600004 ER PT J AU Deliktas, B Voyiadjis, GZ Palazotto, AN AF Deliktas, Babur Voyiadjis, George Z. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Simulation of perforation and penetration in metal matrix composite materials using coupled viscoplastic damage model SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Metal-matrix composites (MMCs); Impact behaviour; Damage mechanics; Finite element analysis (FEA); Perforation and Penetration ID FRP LAMINATES STRUCK; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRAIN RATES; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; 106 S-1; PROJECTILES; IMPACT; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; PLATES AB In the first part of the two companion papers, theoretical formulation of the multiscale micromechanical constitutive model that couples the anisotropic damage mechanism with the viscoplastic deformation is presented. In the second part of these companion papers the numerical simulation of the computational aspects of the theory are elaborated. The perforation and penetration problem of metal matrix composites (MMCs) due to high impact loading is simulated. in this sense, the computational aspects of the developed theory are elaborated here. First. the verification of the developed model is performed through its numerical implementation in order to test the model predictions of the material characteristic tests. This encompasses uniaxial monotonic loading and unloading under different strain rates, uniaxial cyclic loading, and uniaxial loading and relaxation. The verified material routine of the developed model is then implemented in the explicit finite element code ABAQUS via the user defined subroutine VUMAT at each integration point in order to analyze the projectile impact and penetration into laminated composite plates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deliktas, Babur] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-31034 Antakya, Antakya, Turkey. [Voyiadjis, George Z.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deliktas, B (reprint author), Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-31034 Antakya, Antakya, Turkey. EM bdelik1@lsu.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 SI SI BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 485HK UT WOS:000269111600005 ER PT J AU Hoover, JG Schumaker, AL Franklin, KJ AF Hoover, Jacob G. Schumaker, Annabel L. Franklin, Kevin J. TI Use of Intravenous Proton-Pump Inhibitors in a Teaching Hospital Practice SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cost; Intravenous; Military; Prescribing habits; Proton-pump inhibitor ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DOSE OMEPRAZOLE INFUSION; BLEEDING PEPTIC-ULCERS; ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT; RISK-FACTORS; THERAPY; PANTOPRAZOLE; TRIAL AB Objective To evaluate intravenous proton-pump inhibitor (IV PPI) prescribing in a single academic teaching hospital. Methods A retrospective pilot study of 107 patients in a single United States military teaching hospital was conducted over a 1-month period. Clinical data were collected and analyzed for demographic features, prior medication use, admission hemoglobin level, service prescribing the IV PPI, indication for IV PPI, IV PPI treatment duration, gastroenterology consultant use, endoscopic findings, and blood products given. Indications for use were compared with current established guidelines to determine appropriate usage. Results A total of 683 doses of IV pantoprazole were prescribed over a 1-month period. Seventy-six patients (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62-79%) who received IV PPIs did not meet the criteria for an appropriate indication for use. Ninety-nine patients in the study (93%; 95% CI, 86-96%) met criteria for an acceptable dosage given. The most common appropriate indication given was stress ulcer prophylaxis in a high-risk setting (13%; 95% CI, 8-21%) with appropriate use of this indication 45% of the time (95% CI, 29-62%). IV PPIs were appropriately prescribed most often by the medical intensive care unit (66.7%; 95% CI, 43-84%) and least often by the surgical wards services (16%; 95% CI, 7-33%). No discernable indication was given in 52% of cases (95% CI, 43-62%), and patients were not actually nil per os in 46% of these instances (95% CI, 34-59%). Conclusions Intravenous PPI prescribing habits in this military hospital facility are poor. A multifaceted approach including physician/pharmacist education, IV PPI ordering templates, and a consensus medical position statement from a major gastroenterological or prominent medical association may lead to more appropriate use. C1 [Hoover, Jacob G.; Schumaker, Annabel L.; Franklin, Kevin J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hoover, JG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jacob.hoover@gmail.com NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1947 EP 1952 DI 10.1007/s10620-008-0568-4 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 474ZP UT WOS:000268324000019 PM 19034652 ER PT J AU Shih, RYW Fackler, S Maturo, S True, MW Brennan, J Wells, D AF Shih, Roger Y. W. Fackler, Sarah Maturo, Stephen True, Mark W. Brennan, Joseph Wells, David TI PARATHYROID CARCINOMA IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1 WITH A CLASSIC GERMLINE MUTATION SO ENDOCRINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID THYMIC CARCINOIDS; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY; ADENOMA; GENE AB Objective: To report the case of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) syndrome with concomitant parathyroid carcinoma and a classic MEN1 germline mutation. Methods: We present the clinical findings, laboratory results, imaging studies, and surgical histopathologic features in a woman with MEN 1 syndrome and concomitant parathyroid carcinoma. We also review the literature regarding patients with similar clinical entities and the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for parathyroid carcinoma. Results: A 53-year-old woman presented with nausea and severe primary hyperparathyroidism. Computed tomography revealed parathyroid masses, shown later to be bilateral parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a pituitary macroadenoma, and gastrinomas were confirmed by computed tomography and a secretin stimulation test. She was successfully treated with total thyroidectomy, subtotal parathyroidectomy, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Genetic analysis revealed a classic MEN1 germline mutation. Conclusion: This report describes a patient with parathyroid carcinoma occurring in conjunction with MEN 1, further characterizing this rare condition. In contrast to previously described patients, our patient is the first with a classic MEN1 germline mutation, confirming that parathyroid cancer can occur in association with classic MEN 1 genetics. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:567-572) C1 [Shih, Roger Y. W.] USAF, Med Serv, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fackler, Sarah; True, Mark W.] USAF, Med Serv, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Maturo, Stephen; Brennan, Joseph] USAF, Med Serv, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Wells, David] USAF, Med Serv, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Shih, RYW (reprint author), 10807 Buck Pk, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM Roger.Shih3@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLIN ENDOCRINOL PI JACKSONVILLE PA 1000 RIVERSIDE AVE, STE 205, JACKSONVILLE, FL 32204 USA SN 1530-891X J9 ENDOCR PRACT JI Endocr. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.4158/EP09045.CRR1 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 520EP UT WOS:000271823300008 PM 19491073 ER PT J AU Maixner, MR Stevens, JW AF Maixner, Michael R. Stevens, James W. TI Assessment of near-surface ground temperature profiles for optimal placement of a thermoelectric device SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Energy harvesting; Thermoelectric; Generation ID SYSTEMS AB For a thermoelectric device driven by the temperature difference between soil and ambient air, previous analytical work has been performed wherein a sinusoidal surface boundary condition was imposed; the results suggested that optimal placement of the lower terminal of the device should be at a nondimensional depth of x* = 2.28, resulting in a 7% increase in power over placement at a much greater depth. Analysis of temperature data taken in conjunction with operation of a thermoelectric device has shown that the optimal depth for the lower thermal reservoir is much shallower than originally thought (x* similar to 1), with increases in performance approaching 70% over that experienced at greater depths. Representative data are presented and interpreted, along with recommendations for future work. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maixner, Michael R.] USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Stevens, James W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. RP Maixner, MR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, DFEM Suite 6L-155,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.Maixner@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2361 EP 2365 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.05.019 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 483UA UT WOS:000268992500028 ER PT J AU Salazar, J Coleman, R Griffith, S McNeil, J Young, H Calhoon, J Serrano, F DiGeronimo, R AF Salazar, Jorge Coleman, Ryan Griffith, Stephen McNeil, Jeffrey Young, Haven Calhoon, John Serrano, Faridis DiGeronimo, Robert TI Brain preservation with selective cerebral perfusion for operations requiring circulatory arrest: protection at 25 degrees C is similar to 18 degrees C with shorter operating times SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-Cardio-Thoracic-Surgery CY SEP 14-17, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP European Assoc Cardio Thorac Surg DE Hypothermic circulatory arrest; Selective cerebral perfusion; Aortic arch surgery; Brain protection; Cerebral microdialysis ID HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; LEFT-HEART SYNDROME; AORTIC-ARCH; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; NEURONAL INJURY; MICRODIALYSIS; SURGERY; DYSFUNCTION; METABOLISM; PIGLETS AB Background: Hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is employed for aortic arch and other complex operations, often with selective cerebral perfusion (SCP). Our previous work has demonstrated real-time evidence of improved brain protection using SCP at 18 degrees C. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of SCP at warmer temperatures (25 degrees C) and its impact on operating times. Methods: Piglets undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 60 min of HCA were assigned to three groups: 18 degrees C without SCP, 18 degrees C with SCP and 25 degrees C with SCP (n = 8 animals per group). CPB flows were 100 ml kg(-1) min(-1) using pH-stat management. SCP flows were 10 ml kg(-1) min(-1) via the innominate artery. Cerebral oxygenation was monitored using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy). A microdialysis probe placed into the cerebral cortex had samples collected every 15 min. Animals were recovered for 4 h after separation from CPB. All data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation (SD; p < 0.05, significant). Results: Cerebral oxygenation was preserved during deep and tepid HCA with SCP, in contrast to deep HCA without SCP (p < 0.05). Deep HCA at 18 degrees C without SCP resulted in significantly elevated brain lactate (p < 0.01) and glycerol (p < 0.01), while the energy substrates glucose (p < 0.001) and pyruvate (p < 0.001) were significantly depleted. These derangements were prevented with SCP at 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The lactate/pyruvate ratio (UP) was profoundly elevated following HCA alone (p < 0.001) and remained persistently elevated throughout recovery (p < 0.05). Piglets given SCP during HCA at 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C maintained baseline L/P ratios. Mean operating times were significantly shorter in the 25 degrees C group compared to both 18 degrees C groups (p < 0.05) without evidence of significant acidemia. Conclusion: HCA results in cerebral hypoxia, energy depletion and ischaemic injury, which are attenuated with the use of SCP at both 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Procedures performed at 25 degrees C had significantly shorter operating times white preserving end organs. (C) 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salazar, Jorge] Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Congenital Heart Surg, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Coleman, Ryan; Griffith, Stephen; McNeil, Jeffrey; Young, Haven; Calhoon, John] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [DiGeronimo, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Salazar, J (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Congenital Heart Surg, Baylor Coll Med, 6621 Fannin St,WT 19345H, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jdsalaza@texaschildrenshospital.org NR 24 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1010-7940 J9 EUR J CARDIO-THORAC JI Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.04.017 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 498ET UT WOS:000270120700019 PM 19481468 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Fulco, CS Muza, SR Rock, PB Staab, JE Forte, VA Brothers, MD Cymerman, A AF Beidleman, Beth A. Fulco, Charles S. Muza, Stephen R. Rock, Paul B. Staab, Janet E. Forte, Vincent A. Brothers, Michael D. Cymerman, Allen TI Effect of Six Days of Staging on Physiologic Adjustments and Acute Mountain Sickness during Ascent to 4300 Meters SO HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypobaric hypoxia; arterial oxygen saturation; resting ventilation; heart rate; mean arterial pressure ID MODERATE ALTITUDE; SIMULATED ALTITUDE; HEMOGLOBIN MASS; BLOOD-VOLUME; ACCLIMATIZATION; SYMPTOMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RESPONSES; AMS AB Beidleman, Beth A., Charles S. Fulco, Stephen R. Muza, Paul R. Rock, Janet E. Staab, Vincent A. Forte, Michael D. Brothers, and Allen Cymerman. Effect of six days of staging on physiological adjustments and acute mountain sickness during ascent to 4300 meters. High Alt. Med. Biol. 10: 253-260, 2009.- This study determined the effectiveness of 6 days (d) of staging at 2200 m on physiologic adjustments and acute mountain sickness (AMS) during rapid, high-risk ascent to 4300 m. Eleven sea-level (SL) resident men (means +/- SD; 21 +/- 3 yr; 78 +/- 13 kg) completed resting measures of end-tidal CO(2) (PETCO(2)), arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2)), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at SL and within 1 h of exposure to 4300 m in a hypobaric chamber prior to 6 d of staging at 2200 m (preSTG) and on the summit of Pikes Peak following 6 d of staging at 2200 m (postSTG). Immediately following resting ventilation measures, all performed submaximal exercise (similar to 55% of altitude-specific maximal oxygen uptake) for similar to 2 h on a bicycle ergometer to induce higher levels of AMS. AMS-C, calculated from the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, was measured following 4 h and 8 h of exposure at preSTG and postSTG, and the mean was calculated. Resting PETCO(2) (mmHg) was unchanged from SL (39.8 +/- 2.6) to preSTG (39.3 +/- 3.0), but decreased (p<0.05) from preSTG to postSTG (32.8 +/- 2.6). Resting Sao(2) (%) decreased (p<0.05) from SL (97 +/- 2) to preSTG (80 +/- 4) and increased (p<0.05) from preSTG to postSTG (83 +/- 3). Resting HR (bpm) and MAP ( mmHg) did not change in any of the test conditions. The incidence and severity of AMS-C decreased (p<0.05) from preSTG (91 +/- 30%; 1.05 +/- 0.56) to postSTG (45 +/- 53%; 0.59 +/- 0.43), respectively. These results suggest that modest physiologic adjustments induced by staging for 6 d at 2200 m reduced the incidence and severity of AMS during rapid, high-risk ascent to 4300 m. C1 [Beidleman, Beth A.; Fulco, Charles S.; Muza, Stephen R.; Staab, Janet E.; Forte, Vincent A.; Cymerman, Allen] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Rock, Paul B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Ctr Aerosp & Hyperbar Med, Tulsa, OK USA. [Brothers, Michael D.] USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Beidleman, BA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM beth.beidleman@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1527-0297 J9 HIGH ALT MED BIOL JI High Alt. Med. Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1089/ham.2009.1004 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 498BB UT WOS:000270109000007 PM 19775215 ER PT J AU Buffington, A Bisi, MM Clover, JM Hick, PP Jackson, BV Kuchar, TA Price, SD AF Buffington, Andrew Bisi, Mario M. Clover, John M. Hick, P. Paul Jackson, Bernard V. Kuchar, Thomas A. Price, Stephan D. TI Measurements of the Gegenschein brightness from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Zodiacal light; Photometry; Interplanetary dust ID ZODIACAL LIGHT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ASTEROIDAL DUST; EARTH; RING; EMISSION; SEARCH; BANDS; CLOUD; MODEL AB The Gegenschein is viewed by the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI), which has provided near-full-sky broadband visible-light photometric maps for over 5 years. These have an angular resolution of about 0.5 degrees and differential photometric stability of about 1% throughout this time. When individual bright stars are removed from the maps and an empirical sidereal background subtracted, the residue is dominated by the zodiacal light. The unprecedented sky coverage and duration of these measurements enables a definitive characterization of the Gegenschein. This article describes the analysis method for these data, presents a movie with time of the Gegenschein brightness distribution, determines empirical formulae describing its average shape, and discusses its variation with time. These measurements unambiguously confirm previous reports that the Gegenschein surface-brightness distribution has a decided peak in the antisolar point, which rises above a broader background. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Buffington, Andrew; Bisi, Mario M.; Clover, John M.; Hick, P. Paul; Jackson, Bernard V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kuchar, Thomas A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02147 USA. [Price, Stephan D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Buffington, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr,MS 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM abuffington@ucsd.edu RI Bisi, Mario/C-6376-2009 FU NSF [ATM-0331513]; NASA [NAG5-134543, NNG05GG45G, NNH06AE671]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0107] FX SMEI was designed and constructed by a team of scientists and engineers from the US Air Force Research Laboratory, the University of California at San Diego, Boston College, Boston University, and the University of Birmingham, UK. The work of B.V. Jackson, A. Buffington, P.P. Hick, and UCSD student J.M. Clover was supported at the University of California at San Diego by NSF Grant ATM-0331513 and NASA Grants NAG5-134543 and NNG05GG45G. Post-doctoral fellow M.M. Bisi was supported in part by AFOSR Grant FA9550-06-1-0107. Support at AFRL for this work was provided in part from the NASA Planetary Geology & Geophysics program, Request # NNH06AE671. The authors thank K. Grogan and K. Greist for useful discussions. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2009 VL 203 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.007 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 599HV UT WOS:000277902900015 ER PT J AU Evans, JB Zvonar, Z AF Evans, Joseph B. Zvonar, Zoran TI RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Comp & Network Syst, Directorate Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Evans, Joseph B.] USAF, Rome Labs, Rome, NY USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Elect Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. RP Evans, JB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evans@ittc.ku.edu; zoran.zvonar@mediatek.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 47 IS 9 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 492LR UT WOS:000269659600005 ER PT J AU Bayraktaroglu, B Leedy, K Neidhard, R AF Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert TI High-Frequency ZnO Thin-Film Transistors on Si Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FET; high frequency; microwave; nanocrystalline; on/off ratio; pulsed laser deposition; thin-film transistors (TFTs); ZnO ID TFTS AB Record microwave frequency performance was achieved with nanocrystalline ZnO thin-film transistors fabricated on Si substrates. Devices with 1.2-mu m gate lengths and Au-based gate metals had current and power gain cutoff frequencies of f(T) = 2.45 GHz and f(max) = 7.45 GHz, respectively. Same devices had drain-current on/off ratios of 5 x 10(10), exhibited no hysteresis effects and could be operated at a current density of 348 mA/mm. The microwave performances of devices with 1.2- and 2.1-mu m gate lengths and 50- and 100-mu m gate widths were compared. C1 [Bayraktaroglu, Burhan; Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] AFRL RYDD WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bayraktaroglu, B (reprint author), AFRL RYDD WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM burhan.bayraktaroglu@wpafb.af.mil; kevin.leedy@wpafb.af.mil; robert.neidhard@wpafb.af.mil RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 07SN03COR] FX This work was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR 07SN03COR (Dr. K. Reinhart). NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 9 BP 946 EP 948 DI 10.1109/LED.2009.2025672 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 489SO UT WOS:000269443000018 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Haker, M AF Martin, Richard K. Haker, Marshall TI Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in Transform Domain Communication Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Peak-to-average power ratio; interference suppression ID PAR REDUCTION; OFDM; NORMALITY AB Transform Domain Communication Systems (TDCS) are spectrum-scavenging systems which modulate data by a waveform whose magnitude is non-zero only in unused frequency bins, and whose phase is pseudo-random. This creates a noise-like waveform suitable for secure, low probability of intercept (LPI) communications, as well as spectrum-sharing applications. However, it also creates a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We investigate PAPR reduction in TDCS by modifying the projection onto complex sets approach for multicarrier systems. Simulations show that adequate PAPR reduction is achieved, transmitter-receiver waveform mismatches are not exacerbated by PAPR reduction, and the resulting waveform is still LPI. C1 [Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haker, Marshall] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 8 IS 9 BP 4400 EP 4405 DI 10.1109/TWC.2009.080057 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 491ZC UT WOS:000269621700006 ER PT J AU Nam, CS Lyons, JB Hwang, HS Kim, S AF Nam, Chang S. Lyons, Joseph B. Hwang, Ha-Sung Kim, Sukwon TI The process of team communication in multi-cultural contexts: An empirical study using Bales' interaction process analysis (IPA) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Team communication; Bales' interaction process analysis (IPA); Cultural ergonomics; Team decision-making ID FACE-TO-FACE; COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION; GROUP DECISION-MAKING; VIRTUAL TEAMS; ORGANIZATIONAL GROUPS; GROUP OUTCOMES; WORK GROUPS; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; DIVERSITY AB The main goal of the present study was to empirically investigate the manner in which cultural diversity and communication mode affect team communication process. Two independent variables were manipulated in the study: (1) cultural diversity (homogeneous versus heterogeneous); and (2) communication mode (face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication). Team members' communication exchanges were measured by using Bales' interaction process analysis (IPA) that divides the function (as opposed to the topical content) of communication during group discussion into either task-related or socio-emotional contributions at two-levels: communication profile and functional area. Results of this study indicated homogeneous teams used more showing agreement, giving opinions, and showing tension communication patterns compared to heterogeneous teams. Additionally, when considering the higher-level functional areas, teams using face-to-face (FTF) communication strategies were characterized by greater positive socio-emotional communication, more attempted answers, more questions, and more frequent negative socio-emotional communications. The results of the present study also suggested that the impact of communication mode on team communication varies by the level of diversity within the team. The outcomes of this research should have a broad impact on the management of a multi-cultural team, a task-oriented team consisting of people with different national cultures. Relevance to industry: Results of the present study should provide valuable insights into the ways in which cultural diversity and communication mode influence the communication mechanisms which take place among members during team interaction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nam, Chang S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Ind Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4207, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Lyons, Joseph B.] USAF, Res Lab, Logist Readiness Branch AFRL HEAL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hwang, Ha-Sung] Dongguk Univ, Dept Commun, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Kim, Sukwon] Texas A&M Univ Commerce, Dept Ind Engn & Technol, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. RP Nam, CS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Ind Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4207, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM cnam@uark.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [EEC-0436687] FX This research was in part supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) via the Center for Engineering Logistics and Distribution (CELDi) under Grant No. EEC-0436687. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the AFRL or CELDi. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 EI 1872-8219 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 771 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2009.03.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 498HF UT WOS:000270127300015 ER PT J AU Dowell, EH Thomas, JP Hall, KC Denegri, CM AF Dowell, Earl H. Thomas, Jeffrey P. Hall, Kenneth C. Denegri, Charles M., Jr. TI Theoretical Predictions of F-16 Fighter Limit Cycle Oscillations for Flight Flutter Testing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States Air Force Test and Evaluation Days Meeting CY FEB 13-15, 2007 CL Destin, FL SP US Air Force ID FLOWS AB A computational investigation of the flutter onset and limit cycle oscillation behavior of various F-16 fighter weapons and stores configurations is presented. A nonlinear harmonic balance compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamic flow solver is used to model the unsteady aerodynamics of the F-16 wing. Slender body/wing theory is used as an approximate method for accounting for the unsteady aerodynamic effects of wing-tip launchers and missiles. Details of the computational model are presented along with an examination of the sensitivity of computed aeroelastic behavior to characteristics and parameters of the structural and fluid dynamic model. Comparisons with flight-test data are also shown. C1 [Dowell, Earl H.; Thomas, Jeffrey P.; Hall, Kenneth C.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Denegri, Charles M., Jr.] USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Dowell, EH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1667 EP 1672 DI 10.2514/1.42352 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 506CA UT WOS:000270749600022 ER PT J AU Wellems, LD Huang, DH Leskova, TA Maradudin, AA AF Wellems, L. David Huang, Danhong Leskova, T. A. Maradudin, A. A. TI Optical spectrum and electromagnetic-field distribution at double-groove metallic surface gratings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffraction gratings; Green's function methods; light reflection; light transmission; polaritons; silver; surface electromagnetic waves; surface plasmons ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; PLASMONS; FILMS AB The Green's function formalism [see B. Baumeier , J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 8, S191 (2006)] for calculating the reflection and transmission of light at etched single-groove gratings on both sides of a thin silver film was extended to study the case with double-groove gratings. A splitting of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes was found due to electromagnetic (EM) coupling between the two grooves in the complex unit cell of the grating. Spectral features corresponding to the split SPP branches (peaks in the transmissivity) were found in this system. In addition, the calculated full spatial distributions of the total EM field were used to provide intuitive explanations for these observations by indicating the high-surface-field regions, the coupling between the two grooves in the same complex unit cell, and the cross coupling between the two nearby grooves located at the upper and lower surfaces of the metal film. The effects on the transmissivity and reflectivity due to changing the depth ratio, groove separation, and lattice constant were also highlighted. The split antisymmetrical SPP mode due to EM coupling between the two grooves in the same complex unit cell, as well as the cross EM coupling between the two nonaligned grooves at the upper and lower surfaces, were found to be responsible for the large peaks found in the transmissivity. C1 [Wellems, L. David; Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Leskova, T. A.; Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Leskova, T. A.; Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Wellems, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU AFRL [FA 9453-08-C-0230] FX Two of the authors (T. A. L. and A. A. M.) would like to thank AFRL Contract No. FA 9453-08-C-0230 for partial support. L. D. W. and D. H. would like to thank the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 5 AR 053705 DI 10.1063/1.3208039 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 494WN UT WOS:000269850300055 ER PT J AU Beason, CW Jauchem, JR Clark, CD Parker, JE Fines, DA AF Beason, Charles W. Jauchem, James R. Clark, C. D., III Parker, James E. Fines, David A. TI Pulse Variations of a Conducted Energy Weapon (Similar to the TASER((R)) X26 Device): Effects on Muscle Contraction and Threshold for Ventricular Fibrillation SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Non-Lethal Technology and Academic Research Symposium CY NOV 16, 2004 CL Winston Salem, NC DE forensic science; Sus scrofa; TASER; conducted energy weapon; muscle contraction; electromuscular incapacitation; electronic control devices; fibrillation ID SWINE MODEL; STUN GUN; PROPOFOL; ISOFLURANE; DISCHARGES; ANESTHESIA; INDUCTION; ADULTS; TESTS; HEART AB Conducted energy weapons (such as the Advanced TASER X26 model produced by TASER International), incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. To provide information relevant to development of future potential devices, a "Modifiable Electronic Stimulator" was used to evaluate the effects of changing various parameters of the stimulating pulse. Muscle contraction was affected by pulse power, net/gross charge, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency. The contraction force increased linearly as each of these factors was increased. Elimination of a precursor pulse from X26-like pulses did not have a significant effect on the normalized force measured. Muscle-contraction force increased as the spacing increased from 5 to 20 cm, with no further change in force above 20 cm of spacing. Therefore, it is suggested that any future developments of new conducted energy weapons should include placement of electrodes a minimum of 20 cm apart so that efficiency of the system is not degraded. In the current study, the 50% probability of fibrillation level of X26-like pulses ranged from 4 to 5 times higher than the X26 itself. Relatively large variations about the X26 operating level were found not to result in fibrillation or asystole. Therefore, it should be possible to design and build an X26-type device that operates efficiently at levels higher than the X26. C1 [Jauchem, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Beason, Charles W.; Clark, C. D., III; Parker, James E.; Fines, David A.] Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01129.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 490KZ UT WOS:000269501100024 PM 19737245 ER PT J AU Stevens, RE Baker, WP AF Stevens, Robert E. Baker, William P. TI Optimal Control of a Librating Electrodynamic Tether Performing a Multirevolution Orbit Change SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Satellites that use low-thrust propulsion systems for maneuvering, although efficient, can take a long time to complete significant orbit changes. Determining the nonlinear optimal controls for such multirevolution maneuvers using the instantaneous orbital state dynamics can he riddled with numerical errors and are often subject to long computation times, due to the large number of discretization nodes required by the optimization algorithm. An approach to optimal control of an electrodynamic tether is examined using averaged orbital state dynamics as constraints instead of instantaneous dynamic constraints. A mean-square libration state is introduced in the dynamic model that captures the average of the out-of-plane libration of the tether. A sample long-term optimal orbit change maneuver of a librating electrodynamic tether subject to atmospheric drag is investigated. The method of averaging is employed to transform the optimal control problem from the time domain into Fourier space, in which the complex problem is significantly reduced to a Zermelo-type problem that is solved using a pseudospectral method. To validate the dynamic model of averaged states, the instantaneous states are propagated from the initial conditions using the resulting optimal controls. C1 [Stevens, Robert E.] USN Acad, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Baker, William P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stevens, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM resteven@aol.com; william.baker@afit.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1507 DI 10.2514/1.42679 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496AN UT WOS:000269939800009 ER PT J AU Yedavalli, RK Belapurkar, RK Behbahani, A AF Yedavalli, Rama K. Belapurkar, Rohit K. Behbahani, Alireza TI Design of Distributed Engine Control Systems for Stability Under Communication Packet Dropouts SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID NETWORKED CONTROL-SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we address the issue of the stability of distributed engine control systems under communication constraints and, in particular, for packet dropouts. We propose a control design procedure, labeled decentralized distributed full-authority digital engine control and based on a two-level decentralized control framework. We show that the packet dropping margin, which is a measure of stability robustness under packet dropouts, is largely dependent on the closed-loop controller structure and that, in particular, a block-diagonal structure is more desirable. Thus, we design a controller in a decentralized framework to improve the packet dropping margin. The effect of different mathematical partitioning on the packet dropping margin is studied. The proposed methodology is applied to an F100 gas turbine engine model, which clearly demonstrates the usefulness of decentralization in improving the stability of distributed control under packet dropouts. C1 [Yedavalli, Rama K.; Belapurkar, Rohit K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yedavalli, RK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yedavalli.1@osu.edu; belapurkar.2@osu.edu; al.behbahani@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1544 EP 1549 DI 10.2514/1.40900 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496AN UT WOS:000269939800013 ER PT J AU Wetterer, CJ Jah, M AF Wetterer, Charles J. Jah, Moriba TI Attitude Estimation from Light Curves SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 19th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2009 CL Savannah, GA SP AAS, AIAA C1 [Wetterer, Charles J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jah, Moriba] USAF, Res Lab, Adv Sci & Technol Res Inst Astrodynam, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1648 EP 1651 DI 10.2514/1.44254 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496AN UT WOS:000269939800023 ER PT J AU Sitzabee, WE Hummer, JE Rasdorf, W AF Sitzabee, William E. Hummer, Joseph E. Rasdorf, William TI Pavement Marking Degradation Modeling and Analysis SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The objective of this research was to determine the performance characteristics of thermoplastic pavement markings in North Carolina and to create viable degradation models. Additionally, an evaluation of paint pavement-marking materials was conducted and models were created for them as well. The resulting models provide pavement-marking managers with valuable tools that will allow them to focus limited resources where they are most needed and avoid replacing materials with effective life still remaining in them. Consideration was given to the analysis of the relationships between pavement-marking retroreflectivity values and variables such as time, traffic volume, and marking color. Unique to this research is the inclusion of lateral location as a key variable affecting the performance of pavement markings. Another key contribution to pavement-marking management from this research was the development and use of level of service increments for describing the status of a given marking at some point in time. Using the tools reported herein an expected service life for thermoplastic and paint pavement markings in North Carolina can be estimated. A key finding of the research is that the markings have a far greater life expectancy than originally expected. Combining our predictive tool with level of service increments provides a holistic infrastructure management approach to pavement markings. C1 [Sitzabee, William E.; Rasdorf, William] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, USAF, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rasdorf, W (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, USAF, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wsitzabee@nc.rr.com; hummer@eos.ncsu.edu; rasdorf@eos.ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:3(190) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 484QF UT WOS:000269061200006 ER PT J AU Joo, JJ Sanders, B Byrd, LW Haney, MA AF Joo, James J. Sanders, Brian Byrd, Larry W. Haney, Mark A. TI High Conductive Load-Bearing Sensorcraft Skin Design for Thermal Energy Transport and Harvesting SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE energy harvesting; thermal energy transport; multi-functional skin; topology optimization AB This article introduces the design process of a multi-functional skin structure for thermal energy transport and load bearing by using topology optimization. A single cell with periodic boundary conditions in the in-plane direction is used as a design space so that the final single-cell design can be repeated to construct a continuous sheet of material. The newly engineered skin is developed using two materials to meet two required functionalities of a Sensorcraft wing skin; one is to maximize the conductivity of the skin in thickness direction in order to dissipate internal heat into the air, sink, and minimize the inside skin surface temperature passively, thereby, allowing the thermoelectric device to operate at an optimum condition. The other is to maximize the in-plane stiffness to provide the load-bearing capability of the skin to an external load such as torsion. A multi-functional optimization scheme using a linear combination of two objective functions with weights is used to find the optimal layout of the two materials. A specimen was manufactured and multiple-cell analysis of aluminum block, plug configuration, and optimal configuration was conducted to compare the temperature-convergence history according to the number of cells. C1 [Joo, James J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sanders, Brian] Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.; Haney, Mark A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM james.joo@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was sponsored by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Jeffrey Baur and Dr. David Phillips at AFRL/RXBC for the fabrication of the substrate models, Mr. Donald Wahrer and Mr. Charles Grimm at AFRL/RBSV for conducting the tests for us, and Dr. Geoffrey Frank at UDRI for FEM analysis. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 13 BP 1573 EP 1586 DI 10.1177/1045389X09335616 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 485UR UT WOS:000269150800006 ER PT J AU Larson, RA Palazotto, AN AF Larson, Reid A. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI PROPERTY ESTIMATION IN FGM PLATES SUBJECT TO LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT LOADING SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE functionally graded materials; parameter estimation; impact testing ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS; TI-TIB COMPOSITES; LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; SHALLOW SHELLS; ELASTIC MEDIA; VIBRATION; INCLUSIONS; TITANIUM; STRESS AB A property estimation sequence is presented for determining local elastic properties of a two-phased, two-constituent functionally graded material (FGM) plate subject to impact loading. The property estimation sequence combines the use of experimentally determined strain histories, finite element simulations of the experimental impact events, and an analytical model of the impact tests. The experimental, computational, and analytical models are incorporated into a parameter estimation framework, based on optimization theory, to solve for material properties of individual graded layers in the FGM plate specimens. The property estimation sequence was demonstrated using impact tests performed on a titanium-titanium boride (Ti-TiB) FGM plate system. The estimated material properties of the Ti-TiB FGM from the sequence were shown to correlate well with published material properties for the titanium-titanium boride FGM system. The estimated properties were further input into a finite element model of the impact events and were shown to approximate the experimental strain histories well. This property estimation framework is formulated to apply to virtually any two-phase FGM system and is thus an invaluable tool for research engineers studying the response of FGMs under load. C1 [Larson, Reid A.; Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Larson, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM reid.larson@afit.edu; anthony.palazotto@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, Structural Science Center (AFRL/RBS); Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This work was primarily funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, Structural Science Center (AFRL/RBS); and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) under the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship Program. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 1429 EP 1451 DI 10.2140/jomms.2009.4.1429 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 543JD UT WOS:000273570900015 ER PT J AU Heimbuch, BK Kinney, K Nichols, B Wander, JD AF Heimbuch, B. K. Kinney, K. Nichols, B. Wander, J. D. TI The Dry Aerosol Deposition Device (DADD): An instrument for depositing microbial aerosols onto surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; Deposition; Method; Microorganism; Particle; Spore ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; CHAMBER AB Concerns surrounding the contamination of infrastructure and equipment with biowarfare agents have led to the development of antimicrobial surfaces/coatings that are designed to "self-sterilize." Surfaces will likely be contaminated via an aerosol exposure and thus antimicrobial efficacy measurements should also be performed using biological aerosols. Standard methods that use microbial agents suspended in aqueous buffers may provide misleading results that overestimate the performance of the surface. A settling chamber is the most common instrument for applying biological aerosols to surfaces. However, settling chambers have some drawbacks (e.g., slow loading times, large footprint, variable loading, etc.) that make them undesirable for many applications. We have developed a Dry Aerosol Deposition Device (DADD) that uses impaction rather than settling to load surfaces with biological aerosols. The use of impaction allows for rapid and highly reproducible loading of microorganisms onto surfaces. We have demonstrated that the DADD can deliver both Bacillus atrophaeus spores and Staphylococcus aureus vegetative cells to glass coupons at concentrations exceeding 1 x 10(4) CFU/cm(2). The average coefficient of variation (CV) for sample-to-sample loading within an experiment was 13.6% for spores and 6.1% for S. aureus cells. The DADD is also a relatively simple and inexpensive device that can easily be contained within a 4-foot biological safety cabinet (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heimbuch, B. K.; Kinney, K.; Nichols, B.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Wander, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Heimbuch, BK (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM brian.heimbuch.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; kimberly.kinney.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; bob.nichols.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; joe.wander@tyndall.af.mil NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD SEP PY 2009 VL 78 IS 3 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.06.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 496TZ UT WOS:000270003100002 PM 19520123 ER PT J AU Ying, D Hong, HP Guiver, M Welsh, JS AF Ying Dai Hong Haiping Guiver, Michael Welsh, Jeffry S. TI Reinforced Films Based on Cross-Linked Water-Soluble Sulfonated Carbon Nanotubes with Sulfonated Polystyrene SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Single-Walled Nanotube; Sulfonated Polystyrene; Polymer Reinforced Membrane ID NANOTUBE/POLYMER COMPOSITES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; DISPERSION; ALIGNMENT; SURFACE; MATRIX AB Reinforced films based on sulfonated polystyrene cross-linked with water-soluble sulfonated carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a free-standing film-making method. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to verify the cross-linking reaction. The mechanical properties of these films demonstrated that the tensile strength increases with an increase in the sulfonated nanotube concentration. At 5 wt% nanotube loading, the tensile strength increased 84% compared with polymer containing no nanotube loading. The relationships between structure and mechanical properties are discussed and a possible direction for making ultra thin and ultra lightweight film is proposed. C1 [Ying Dai; Hong Haiping] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Guiver, Michael] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Welsh, Jeffry S.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hong, HP (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RI Guiver, Michael/I-3248-2016 OI Guiver, Michael/0000-0003-2619-6809 FU Air Force Research Lab [FA9453-06-C-0366]; NASA [NCC5-588, NNX07AL04A] FX We would like to thank Air Force Research Lab (Contract FA9453-06-C-0366) and NASA (award No. NCC5-588 and NNX07AL04A) for financial support. We would also like to strongly acknowledge Professor W. Edward Billups of Rice University for providing the water-soluble SWCNTs with pendent sulfonated phenyl group (SSWCNTs), Professor Yun Zhao of Beijing Institute of Technology for making SPS self cross link film, and Dave Kingston and Floyd Toll of National Research Council of Canada for XPS and mechanical property measurements. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9 BP 5150 EP 5156 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.1207 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 487XD UT WOS:000269310600006 ER PT J AU Writer, BW Schillerstrom, JE AF Writer, Brian W. Schillerstrom, Jason E. TI Psychopharmacological Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Critical Review SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DEPRESSION FOLLOWING MILD; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SEQUELAE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; METHYLPHENIDATE; PLACEBO; AMANTADINE; ATTENTION; CARBAMAZEPINE; MEMORY; PERFORMANCE AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing national health issue that commonly results in clinically significant cognitive impairments. This article reviews and evaluates the many proposed psychopharmacological treatments for TBI-related cognitive impairment. A literature review was utilized to focus on stimulant and nonstimulant dopamine enhancing agents, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antidepressant agents, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The most consistent evidence supports the use of dopamine enhancing medications. However, other medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antidepressant agents may help select subgroups. A need remains for well designed, sufficiently powered studies that incorporate functionally relevant neuropsychological outcome measures. (The journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2009; 21:362-370) C1 [Writer, Brian W.; Schillerstrom, Jason E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Writer, BW (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, 59 MHS SGOWV1,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brian.writer@lackland.af.mil NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 362 EP 370 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 526RR UT WOS:000272311300002 PM 19996244 ER PT J AU Athwal, GS Hoxie, SC Rispoli, DM Steinmann, SP AF Athwal, George S. Hoxie, Samuel C. Rispoli, Damian M. Steinmann, Scott P. TI Precontoured Parallel Plate Fixation of AO/OTA Type C Distal Humerus Fractures SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE distal humerus fracture; parallel plating; precontoured plates ID INTERNAL-FIXATION; INTERCONDYLAR FRACTURES; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; OPEN REDUCTION; INTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; ULNAR NERVE; ELBOW; CLASSIFICATION; ADULTS AB Objectives: To determine the clinical effectiveness of precontoured parallel plating for the management of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) type C distal humerus fractures. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients/Participants: Between 2001 and 2005, 37 patients with OTA type C distal humerus fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation exclusively with the Mayo Elbow Congruent Plating system. Thirty-two patients consented to participate in the study. Intervention: All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a precontoured bicolumn parallel plating system. Main Outcome Measurements: Range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH), complication rate, and radiographic evaluation. Results: At a mean of 27 months follow up, the mean arc of elbow flexion-extension motion was 97 degrees (range, 10 degrees-145 degrees). The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 82 points and the mean DASH score was 24 points. There were no implant failures and all distal humerus fractures healed. A total of 24 complications occurred in 17 patients (53%) with five patients (16%) having postoperative nerve injuries. Conclusions: open reduction and internal fixation with a precontoured parallel plating system is an effective treatment method for OTA type C distal humerus fractures. Despite this, the fact that over half of the patients had a significant complication will require utmost vigilance on the part of the surgeon to avoid intraoperative complications. Patient counseling is paramount. C1 [Athwal, George S.] Univ Western Ontario, Hand & Upper Limb Ctr, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. [Hoxie, Samuel C.; Steinmann, Scott P.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN USA. [Rispoli, Damian M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Athwal, GS (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Hand & Upper Limb Ctr, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. EM gathwal@uwo.ca NR 54 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 489ZF UT WOS:000269465000006 PM 19704273 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Kaziska, DM AF Bulutoglu, Dursun A. Kaziska, David M. TI A counterexample to Beder's conjectures about Hadamard matrices SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Hadamard matrix; Maximal row-Hadamard matrix; Binary integer programming AB In this note we provide a counterexample which resolves conjectures about Hadamard matrices made in this journal. Beder [1998. Conjectures about Hadamard matrices. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 72, 7-14] conjectured that if H is a maximal m x n row-Hadamard matrix then m is a multiple of 4: and that if it is a power of 2 then every row-Hadamard matrix can be extended to a Hadamard matrix. Using binary integer programming we obtain a maximal 13 x 32 row-Hadamard matrix, which disproves both conjectures. Additionally for n being a multiple of 4 tip to 64, we tabulate values of m for which we have found a maximal row-Hadamard matrix. Based on the tabulated results we conjecture that a m x n row-Hadamard matrix with m >= n - 7 can be extended to a Hadamard matrix. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Bulutoglu, Dursun A.; Kaziska, David M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaziska, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu; david.kaziska@afit.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 9 BP 3381 EP 3383 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2009.02.003 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 470EE UT WOS:000267956600043 ER PT J AU Carney, CM Mogilvesky, P Parthasarathy, TA AF Carney, Carmen M. Mogilvesky, Pavel Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. TI Oxidation Behavior of Zirconium Diboride Silicon Carbide Produced by the Spark Plasma Sintering Method SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; ZRB2; MICROSTRUCTURE; 1500-DEGREES-C; DENSIFICATION; CONVECTION; RESISTANCE; PRESSURE AB Dense samples of ZrB(2)-20 vol% SiC were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering without the use of sintering aids. Oxidation behavior of these samples was characterized by exposing them to 1400 degrees, 1500 degrees, and 1600 degrees C in an ambient atmosphere for 150 min, and by measuring the weight gains of the sample and crucible, as well as the thickness of the oxide scale and the glassy outer layer. The effects of gravity on the viscous outer layer are shown to result in significant heterogeneity within a sample. The oxidation scales were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. The oxide scale was found to be composed of three layers: (1) a SiO(2)-rich glassy outer layer, (2) an intermediate layer of a ZrO(2) matrix with interpenetrating SiO(2), and (3) a layer containing a ZrO(2) matrix enclosing partially oxidized ZrB(2) with Si-C-B-O glass inclusions. C1 [Carney, Carmen M.; Mogilvesky, Pavel; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carney, Carmen M.; Mogilvesky, Pavel; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Carney, CM (reprint author), AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ccarney@ues.com RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 9 BP 2046 EP 2052 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03134.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 489WT UT WOS:000269457500022 ER PT J AU Cannon, JW Callery, MP Vollmer, CM AF Cannon, Jeremy W. Callery, Mark P. Vollmer, Charles M., Jr. TI Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Pseudocysts: What is the Evidence? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE; FLUID COLLECTIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; NECROSIS; CLASSIFICATION; EXPERIENCE; ENDOSCOPY; ATLANTA; CYST; SIZE C1 [Callery, Mark P.; Vollmer, Charles M., Jr.] Harvard Univ, Dept Surg, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Vollmer, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Surg, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Stoneman 9th Floor,330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 209 IS 3 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.04.017 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 493RH UT WOS:000269755100015 PM 19717045 ER PT J AU Wright, K AF Wright, Kevin TI Afghanistan: An assessment of the status of health care and pharmacy mentoring efforts in an Afghan National Army Hospital SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE International pharmacy; military pharmacy; mentoring AB Background: The United States and Coalition countries initiated mentoring in Afghanistan as a means of training the Afghan people for independence, to include democratic self-governance and national defense. Several medical Embedded Training Teams are executing the medical component of the mentoring mission at Afghan Army hospitals around the country. Objectives: To provide a brief synopsis of Afghanistan history, review the status of Afghanistan health care, and provide an overview of pharmacy mentoring efforts by an Air Force pharmacist and pharmacy technician at Kandahar Regional Military Hospital. Summary: Afghanistan health care has suffered from neglect, and improving health care in the country is an important part of bolstering their military and the country as a whole. Afghanistan is rebounding from decades of civil war and occupation from a number of oppressive regimes, and the Afghan military faces considerable challenges. Challenges specific to military pharmacy include lack of established policies and procedures, medication shortages, medication quality issues, and lack of basic equipment, supplies, and training. Conclusion: Through ingenuity and determination, Afghan and Coalition pharmacists are working together to make progress in advancing the practice of pharmacy in Afghanistan. C1 [Wright, Kevin] Afghan Natl Army Kandahar Reg Mil Hosp, Camp Shirzai, Afghanistan. RP Wright, K (reprint author), 1381 S Patrick Dr, Patrick AFB, FL 32924 USA. EM kevin.wright@patrick.af.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 637 EP 641 DI 10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08078 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 501NZ UT WOS:000270389900016 PM 19748872 ER PT J AU Gifford, SM Aidinian, G Clouse, WD Fox, CJ Porras, CA Jones, WT Zarzabal, LA Michalek, JE Propper, BW Burkhardt, GE Rasmussen, TE AF Gifford, Shaun M. Aidinian, Gilbert Clouse, W. Darrin Fox, Charles J. Porras, Chantel A. Jones, W. Tracey Zarzabal, Lee Ann Michalek, Joel E. Propper, Brandon W. Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Effect of temporary shunting on extremity vascular injury: An outcome analysis from the Global War on Terror vascular injury initiative SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 14-17, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP SE Assoc Vasc Surg ID INTRALUMINAL ARTERIAL SHUNTS; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; VENOUS INJURIES; SYSTEMIC ANTICOAGULATION; PROLONGED USE; MANAGEMENT; TRAUMA; REPAIR; EXPERIENCE; REGISTRY AB Objective: Extremity vascular injury during the current war has been defined by anecdotal description and case series. These reports focused on estimation of short-term limb viability and technical description of commonly used adjuncts. Temporary vascular shunting (TVS) has been advocated in current care structures, yet mostly due to war environments, broader statistical scrutiny is lacking. This study's purpose is to provide perspective on TVS's impact on limb salvage, and estimate longer-term freedom from amputation. Methods: Data from the joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR), Balad Vascular Registry (BVR), Walter Reed Vascular Registry (WRVR), electronic medical records, and patient interviews were collected on American Troops sustaining extremity vascular injury front June 2003 through December 2007. Those in whom arterial TVS utilization was identified comprise the TVS group. These were compared with controls with similar injury date and anatomic location managed without TVS. Descriptive statistics were employed establishing overall univariate predictors of amputation and comparison between groups. Proportional-hazards modeling, with propensity score adjustment for systemic injury severity and Level 2 care, characterized risk factors of limb loss and effect of TVS. Freedom from amputation was estimated using Kaplan Meier log-rank methods. Results. Cases and controls consisted of 64 and 61 extremity arterial injuries, respectively. Mean follow-up was 22 months (range: 1-54 months). The TVS group was more severely injured (mean injury severity score [ISS]: 18 [SD = 10] TVS vs. 15 [SD = 10] control, P = .05) and more likely to receive Level 2 care (TVS: 26%; control: 10%, P = .02). Overall, a total of 26 amputations occurred (21%). Penetrating blasts, compared with gunshot wounds, were associated with amputation (30% vs. 6%, P = .002). After propensity score adjustment, use of TVS suggested a reduced risk of amputation (relative risk [RR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18-1.19]; P =. 11). Venous repair was associated with limb salvage (RR = 0.2; 95% CI [0.04-0.99], P = .05). Associated fracture (RR = 5.0; 95% CI [1.45-17.28], P = .01), and elevated mangled extremity severity score (MESS) ([MESS 5-7] RR = 3.5, 95% CI [0.97-12.36], P = .06; [MESS 8-12] RR = 16.4; 95% CI (3.79-70.79), P < .001) predicted amputation. Amputation-free survival was 78% in the TVS group and 77% in the control group at three years (P = .5). Conclusion: Temporary vascular shunting used as a damage control adjunct in management of wartime extremity vascular injury does not lead to worse outcomes. Benefit from TVS is suggested, but not statistically significant. Injury specific variables of venous ligation, associated fracture, and penetrating blast mechanism are associated with amputation. Amputation-free survival after vascular injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom is 79% at three years. Further studies to statistically define any possible benefits of TVS are needed. (J Vasc Surg 2009;50:549-56.) C1 [Gifford, Shaun M.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Porras, Chantel A.; Jones, W. Tracey; Propper, Brandon W.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Aidinian, Gilbert; Fox, Charles J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin; Fox, Charles J.; Propper, Brandon W.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Gifford, Shaun M.; Zarzabal, Lee Ann; Michalek, Joel E.; Propper, Brandon W.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Clouse, WD (reprint author), USAF MC, Chief San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.clouse@us.af.mil NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.03.051 PG 8 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 488KG UT WOS:000269347900011 PM 19595542 ER PT J AU Chen, SJ Clouse, D Bowser, AN Rasmussen, TE AF Chen, Steve J. Clouse, Darrin Bowser, Andrew N. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Superficial venous aneurysms of the small saphenous vein SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the American-Venous-Forum CY FEB 20-23, 2008 CL Charleston, SC SP Amer Venous Forum ID MANAGEMENT AB Historically, superficial venous aneurysms of the lower extremities are considered rare. However, owing to the increased use of duplex ultrasound imaging, these entities are being recognized more frequently. The clinical significance of superficial aneurysms is poorly defined; yet, pulmonary emboli arising from superficial aneurysms have been reported. Symptomatic patients typically complain of the sequelae of reflux, such as edema, pain, mass, and varicosities. Current treatment consists of simple open excision. We report two cases of small saphenous vein aneurysm and provide review of its pathophysiology, presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapy. (J Vasc Surg 2009;50:644-7.) C1 [Chen, Steve J.; Clouse, Darrin; Bowser, Andrew N.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Clouse, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.clouse@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 644 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.04.025 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 488KG UT WOS:000269347900024 PM 19595536 ER PT J AU Rai, AK Nainaparampil, J Massey, M Bhattacharya, RS Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE AF Rai, A. K. Nainaparampil, J. Massey, M. Bhattacharya, R. S. Gschwender, L. J. Snyder, C. E., Jr. TI Interaction of fornblin (R) lubricant with surface nitrided and/or coated bearing (M50) steel SO LUBRICATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fomblin; M50 steel; oxidation/corrosion; nitridation; coating; microstructural characterisation ID HARD COATINGS; TEMPERATURE; PERFLUOROPOLYALKYLETHER; CORROSION; PERFLUOROPOLYETHER; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION AB High-temperature perfluoropolalkylether lubricants including Fomblin(R) are susceptible to degradation and cause corrosion in the presence of ferrous metals such as M50 bearing steel. This paper describes the effect of surface treatment (nitriding), coating chemistry and architecture in preventing corrosion/oxidation of M50 steel and thermo-oxidative degradation of Fornblin(R) fluid. Specifically, Cr-CrN multilayered coating architecture was used with and without a nitrided steel surface. The oxidation/corrosion tests were conducted by immersing the nitrided and/or coated M50 coupons in Fomblin(R) fluid in an oxidative environment at 270 degrees C for 24 h and compared with untreated/uncoated coupons. It is shown that a considerable lessening of the corrosion of the steel and degradation of the Fornblin(R) fluid can be achieved by nitriding alone. Nitriding in combination with the multilaycred Cr-CrN coating exhibited the best protection. The results are discussed in relation to the literature data. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rai, A. K.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Surface Engn Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gschwender, L. J.; Snyder, C. E., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rai, AK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Surface Engn Lab, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM arai@ues.com FU Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research programme [F33615-98-C-5031] FX This work was supported under the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research programme (Contract No. F33615-98-C-5031). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0954-0075 J9 LUBR SCI JI Lubr. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1002/ls.93 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 506KP UT WOS:000270774000002 ER PT J AU Carter, CC AF Carter, Chad C. TI HALLIBURTON HEARS A WHO? POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR AND THEIR IMPACT ON GOVERNMENT CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Carter, Chad C.] 2D Bomb Wing, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. [Carter, Chad C.] 8th Air Force, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. [Carter, Chad C.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Carter, Chad C.] DCMA, Dallas, TX USA. RP Carter, CC (reprint author), USAF, Mat Command Law Off, Contract Law Div, Dayton, OH USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 201 BP 86 EP 131 PG 46 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 539EW UT WOS:000273237400002 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Hochberg, LP Putnam, JL Swanson, KI Lee, JS McAvin, JC Chan, AS O'Guinn, ML Ryan, JR Wirtz, RA Moulton, JK Dave, K Faulde, MK AF Coleman, Russell E. Hochberg, Lisa P. Putnam, John L. Swanson, Katherine I. Lee, John S. McAvin, James C. Chan, Adeline S. O'Guinn, Monica L. Ryan, Jeffry R. Wirtz, Robert A. Moulton, John K. Dave, Kirti Faulde, Michael K. TI Use of Vector Diagnostics During Military Deployments: Recent Experience in Iraq and Afghanistan SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; ANTIGEN PANEL ASSAY; TALLIL AIR BASE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RAPID DETECTION; ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOS; INDIVIDUAL MOSQUITOS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis are a threat to military forces deployed outside of the United States. The availability of specific information on the vector-borne disease threat (e.g., presence or absence of a specific disease agent, temporal and geographic distribution of competent vectors, and vector infection rates) allows or effective implementation of appropriate measures to protect our deployed military forces. Vector diagnostics can provide critical, real-time information crucial to establishing effective vector prevention/control programs. In this article we provide an overview of current vector diagnostic capabilities, evaluate the use of vector diagnostics in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and discuss the concept of operations under which vector diagnostics are employed. C1 [Coleman, Russell E.; Hochberg, Lisa P.; Swanson, Katherine I.; Chan, Adeline S.; Ryan, Jeffry R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Putnam, John L.; McAvin, James C.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lee, John S.; O'Guinn, Monica L.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dave, Kirti] VecTOR Test Syst Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Moulton, John K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Faulde, Michael K.] Cent Inst Bundeswehr Med Serv, Dept Med Zool, Koblenz, Germany. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center; Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, and the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program. Many thanks to LTC Bill Sames for his review of this manuscript, and to LTC (Ret.) Richard Lofts. COL David Craft, and Dr. Michael Turell for their guidance on BSATs. This study would not have been possible without the support of the many entomologists and environmental science officers conducting vector surveillance throughout Iraq and Afghanistan. In addition, the superb support of our laboratory technicians running the PCR assays is greatly appreciated-thanks to Wayne and Lara Gilmore, Monzia Moodie, Cathy Westbrook, and SGT Ronald Hadley. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 174 IS 9 BP 904 EP 920 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LH UT WOS:000278060400004 PM 19780365 ER PT J AU Olsen, EV Gibbins, CS Grayson, JK AF Olsen, Eric V. Gibbins, Carl S. Grayson, J. Kevin TI Real-Time FRET PCR Assay for Salmonella enterica Serotype Detection in Food SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DETECTION; MOLECULAR BEACON; POULTRY; MEAT; SPP.; ENTERITIDIS; RAW AB Salmonella enterica subsp. emerica serotypes are leading etiological agents of food-borne gastroenteritis. Traditional identification is laborious and time intensive. Faster molecular methods may allow early identification in contaminated food products. We developed a real-time, fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for S. enterica serotypes on the basis of the exclusive presence of the apeE gene in Salmonella Typhimurium. Assay sensitivity for 12 S. enteriea serotypes was as low as 1.87 x 10(2) genomic equivalents per milliliter. PCR efficiency was 94% and the dynamic range was linear over six orders of magnitude from 10(0) to 10(6) copies. The lower limit of detection for 12 different food matrices was between 1.5 x 10(2) and 1.5 x 10(5) CFU/mL without pre-enrichment. When combined with high-throughput automated DNA extraction, 32 food specimens were processed and assayed in less than 2 hours, allowing rapid, specific, sensitive detection of S. enterica serotypes in food products. C1 [Olsen, Eric V.; Gibbins, Carl S.; Grayson, J. Kevin] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Olsen, EV (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. FU USAF [FDC20060002N] FX The work reported was funded and performed under USAF Surgeon General-approved research investigation FDC20060002N. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 174 IS 9 BP 983 EP 990 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LH UT WOS:000278060400015 PM 19780376 ER PT J AU Mehmel, P AF Mehmel, Peter TI A Hidden Cost SO MINNESOTA REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mehmel, P (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINNESOTA REVIEW PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT ENGLISH, BAKER HALL 259, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-3890 USA SN 0026-5667 J9 MINN REV JI Minn. Rev. PD FAL-SPR PY 2009 IS 73-74 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 522QB UT WOS:000272012100006 ER PT J AU El-Azab, A Weygand, D Simmons, J AF El-Azab, Anter Weygand, Daniel Simmons, Jeff TI Microstructure Evolution in Materials SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [El-Azab, Anter] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weygand, Daniel] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Simmons, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP El-Azab, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Weygand, Daniel/D-7203-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 AR 060201 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/17/6/060201 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 487BK UT WOS:000269245200001 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Mixon, DG AF Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. Mixon, Dustin G. TI On a Markov-Modulated Shock and Wear Process SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE shock process; wear process; asymptotic reliability ID INSPECTED SYSTEMS SUBJECT; CUMULATIVE PROCESSES; RANDOM ENVIRONMENT; LIMIT-THEOREMS; AVAILABILITY; DEGRADATION; RELIABILITY; MODELS AB We present transient and asymptotic reliability indices for a sin-le-Unit system that is subject to Markov-modulated shocks and wear. The transient results are derived from the (transform) solution of ail integro-differential equation describing the joint distribution of the cumulative degradation process and the state of the modulating process. Additionally, we prove the asymptotic normality of a properly centered and time-scaled version of the cumulative degradation at time t. This asymptotic result leads to a simple normal approximation for a properly centered and space-scaled version of the system's lifetime distribution, T,Two numerical examples illustrate the quality of the normal approximation. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 56: 563-576, 2009 C1 [Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] USAF, Res Lab, HE Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,RF Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jkharouf@pitt.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X EI 1520-6750 J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1002/nav.20366 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 485RD UT WOS:000269140500006 ER PT J AU Butler, MA Corboy, JR Filley, CM AF Butler, Michelle A. Corboy, John R. Filley, Christopher M. TI How the Conflict between American Psychiatry and Neurology Delayed the Appreciation of Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Cognition; History of medicine; History of psychiatry/neurology; Demyelinating disease; Schemas; Multiple sclerosis ID DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; IMPAIRMENT; HISTORY; DEMENTIA; PATTERNS; CONCEPTUALIZATION; MEDICINE; DISEASE; STATE AB Whereas cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) were documented in the original clinicopathological description by Charcot, the extent and nature of cognitive dysfunction was poorly understood in the U.S. until over a century later. Our objective was to discern reasons for this misunderstanding and to examine forces shifting this topic to center stage of research and increased awareness in clinical practice. We hypothesized that during the 19th century, conflict between psychiatrists and neurologists over control of treatment of the mentally ill fueled a misunderstanding of the nature of MS which led neurologists to treat diseases of the body, and psychiatrists, diseases of the mind. The importance of cognitive deficits in MS was thus minimized until scientific breakthroughs could once again bring them to light. As the rift between disciplines peaked, awareness of cognitive deficits diminished, and vice versa. This may have been one contributing factor affecting how MS was mistakenly conceptualized for a century. C1 [Butler, Michelle A.] USAF Acad, HQ DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Corboy, John R.; Filley, Christopher M.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Filley, Christopher M.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Corboy, John R.; Filley, Christopher M.] Denver Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Butler, MA (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 6L101B, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michelle.butler@usafa.edu NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7308 J9 NEUROPSYCHOL REV JI Neuropsychol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s11065-009-9089-y PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 495SE UT WOS:000269914500010 PM 19373561 ER PT J AU Witkop, CT AF Witkop, Catherine Takacs TI New Prescription Drug Labeling Regulations and the Demise of "the Letter" SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID METFORMIN; PREGNANCY C1 [Witkop, Catherine Takacs] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Witkop, Catherine Takacs] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Witkop, CT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM katika@aya.yale.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 114 IS 3 BP 502 EP 503 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 489FK UT WOS:000269405300002 PM 19701026 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Charlton, DG AF Roberts, H. W. Charlton, D. G. TI The Release of Mercury from Amalgam Restorations and Its Health Effects: A Review SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE; ORAL AIR MERCURY; DENTAL AMALGAM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION; EXPIRED AIR; FILLINGS; CHILDREN; URINE; BLOOD AB Amalgam has successfully been used as a restorative material in dentistry for over a century. It has proven to be a cost-effective, wear-resistant material which, when properly placed, can provide many years of service. However, amalgam's popularity has decreased in recent years due, in part, to patient concerns about its potential for adversely affecting their health. Other reasons for its reduced use include the increased emphasis on more esthetic restorative materials and environmental concerns regarding the amount of mercury discharged into wastewater from dental offices. Controversy persists about amalgam's possible role in causing health problems due to its release of mercury. Although conclusive evidence is lacking that directly correlates amalgam with adverse health effects, clinicians should remain knowledgeable about mercury release from amalgam in order to intelligently address their patients' concerns. This article reviews the latest published scientific literature to provide this information. C1 [Roberts, H. W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Charlton, D. G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 71 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.2341/08-072-LIT PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 495PS UT WOS:000269906600016 PM 19830977 ER PT J AU Tyree, K Tyree, M DiGeronimo, R AF Tyree, Kreangkai Tyree, Melissa DiGeronimo, Robert TI Correlation of brain tissue oxygen tension with cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and mixed venous oxygen saturation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation SO PERFUSION-UK LA English DT Article DE extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ECMO; near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS; regional saturation; rSO(2)i; mixed venous saturation; SVO(2); brain tissue oxygen tension; PbtO(2) ID NORWOOD PROCEDURE; LIFE-SUPPORT; ECMO; MICRODIALYSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; INDUCTION; INJURY AB The aim of this prospective, animal study was to compare brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO(2)) with cerebral near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO(2)) during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in a porcine model. This was accomplished using twelve immature piglets with surgically implanted catheters placed in the superficial cerebral cortex to measure brain PbtO(2) and microdialysis metabolites. The NIRS sensor was placed overlying the forehead to measure cerebral regional saturation index (rSO(2)i) while SVO(2) was measured directly from the ECMO circuit. Animals were placed on VA ECMO followed by an initial period of stabilization, after which they were subjected to graded hypoxia and recovery. Our results revealed that rSO(2)i and SVO(2) correlated only marginally with PbtO(2) (R(2)=0.32 and R(2)=0.26, respectively) while the correlation between rSO(2)i and SVO(2) was significantly stronger (R(2)=0.59). Cerebral metabolites and rSO(2)i were significantly altered during attenuation of PbtO(2), p<0.05). A subset of animals, following exposure to hypoxia, experienced markedly delayed recovery of both rSO(2)i and PbtO(2) despite rapid normalization of SVO(2). Upon further analysis, these animals had significantly lower blood pressure (p=0.001), lower serum pH (p=0.01), and higher serum lactate (p=0.02). Additionally, in this subgroup, rSO(2)i correlated better with PbtO(2) (R(2)=0.76). These findings suggest that, in our ECMO model, rSO(2)i and SVO(2) correlate reasonably well with each other, but not necessarily with brain PbtO(2) and that NIRS-derived rSO(2)i may more accurately reflect cerebral tissue hypoxia in sicker animals. C1 [Tyree, Kreangkai; Tyree, Melissa; DiGeronimo, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tyree, K (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kreangkai.tyree@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0267-6591 J9 PERFUSION-UK JI Perfusion-UK PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1177/0267659109353966 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 539IG UT WOS:000273247000005 PM 19948748 ER PT J AU El-Awady, JA Woodward, C Dimiduk, DM Ghoniem, NM AF El-Awady, Jaafar A. Woodward, Christopher Dimiduk, Dennis M. Ghoniem, Nasr M. TI Effects of focused ion beam induced damage on the plasticity of micropillars SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL; SCALE; FIB; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; MICROSCOPY; SPECIMENS; DYNAMICS; STRENGTH AB The hardening effects of focused ion beam (FIB) induced damage produced during the fabrication of micropillars are examined by introducing a surface layer of nanosized obstacles into a dislocation dynamics simulation. The influence of the depth and strength of the obstacles as a function of pillar diameter is assessed parametrically. We show that for a selected set of sample sizes between 0.5 and 1.0 mu m, the flow strength can increase by 10-20 %, for an obstacle strength of 750 MPa, and damage depth of 100 nm. On the other hand, for sizes larger and smaller than this range, the effect of damage is negligible. Results show that the obstacles formed during the FIB milling may be expected to alter the microstructure of micropillars, however, they have a negligible effect on the observed size-strength scaling laws. C1 [El-Awady, Jaafar A.; Woodward, Christopher; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ghoniem, Nasr M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP El-Awady, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jaafar.el-awady@wpafb.af.mil RI El-Awady, Jaafar/A-8020-2010; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU U. S. Air Force [FA 8650-07-D-5800]; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0396] FX This work was supported in part by U. S. Air Force Contract No. FA 8650-07-D-5800 and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. N.M.G. is supported by the AFOSR through Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0396, with UCLA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 10 AR 104104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.104104 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 501LJ UT WOS:000270383100022 ER PT J AU Allan, PF Thomas, KV Ward, MR Harris, AD Naworol, GA Ward, JA AF Allan, Patrick F. Thomas, Kimbreca V. Ward, Michael R. Harris, Anthony D. Naworol, Gregory A. Ward, John A. TI Feasibility Study of Noninvasive Ventilation With Helium-Oxygen Gas Flow for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease During Exercise SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; helium; oxygen; noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; exercise capacity ID POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION; DYNAMIC HYPERINFLATION; SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN; LUNG HYPERINFLATION; SEVERE COPD; MECHANICS; DYSPNEA; SUPPORT; REHABILITATION; LIMITATION AB BACKGROUND: Individually, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and helium-oxygen gas mixtures (heliox) diminish ventilatory workload and improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NIV in combination with heliox may have additive effects on exercise tolerance in severe COPD. METHODS: We assessed the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of heliox and NIV during exercise in patients with severe COPD. SETTING: Pulmonary rehabilitation facility in an academic tertiary-care medical center. PROTOCOL: Twelve patients with severe COPI) were enrolled. Using a sequential randomized placebo-controlled crossover study design, the patients performed 4 separate constant-work stationary bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise studies at 80% of maximal workload during application of sham NIV, NIV, 60:40 heliox with sham NIV, and 60:40 heliox with NIV. Tolerability, safety, and exercise duration as determined by constant-work cardiopulmonary exercise test were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures at peak exercise and iso-time included rate of perceived exertion, dyspnea, leg pain, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, tympanic temperature, and oxyhemoglobin saturation. RESULTS: No adverse effects occurred during or after application of NIV, heliox, or NIV with heliox. Exercise duration using heliox with NIV was significantly longer than both heliox (P = .01) and NIV (P = .007), but not placebo (P = .09). Relative to placebo, all treatment arms permitted lower respiratory rates at peak exercise. Heliox, with or without NIV, was associated with significant improvements in oxyhemoglobin saturation at peak exercise, relative to placebo or NIV alone. CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of NIV with heliox during exercise proved both safe and tolerable in patients with severe COPD. The lack of demonstrable efficacy to any of the treatment arms relative to placebo (P = .09) may be the result of the small sample size (ie, type 2 error)-a conclusion emphasized by the large standard deviations and differences in treatment group variances in exercise duration alone. C1 [Thomas, Kimbreca V.; Ward, Michael R.; Harris, Anthony D.; Naworol, Gregory A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Resp Therapy, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Ward, John A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Allan, PF (reprint author), Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, CMR 402,Box 307, APO, AE 09180 USA. EM patrick.allan@amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1182 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 494JH UT WOS:000269808400005 PM 19712493 ER PT J AU Blakeman, TC Rodriquez, D Branson, RD AF Blakeman, Thomas C. Rodriquez, Dario Branson, Richard D. TI Accuracy of the Oxygen Cylinder Duration Calculator of the LTV-1000 Portable Ventilator SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article CT 54th International Respiratory Congress of the American-Association-for-Respiratory-Care CY DEC 13-16, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Resp Care DE transport; portable ventilator; oxygen utilization ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; TRANSPORT AB BACKGROUND: Resource planning is essential for successful transport of the mechanically ventilated patient. Mechanically ventilated patients require adequate oxygen supplies to ensure transport is completed without incident. The LTV-1000 portable ventilator utilizes a program to calculate oxygen cylinder duration, based on cylinder size, fraction of inspired oxygen (F(IO2)), and current minute ventilation. We evaluated the accuracy of the cylinder-duration algorithm in a laboratory setting. METHODS: The LTV-1000 was attached to a test lung. Lung compliance was set at 0.04 L/cm H(2)O, and airway resistance was 5.0 cm H(2)O/L/s. We tested 7 different combinations of ventilator settings a minimum of 2 times each. With each setting, minute ventilation was kept at 10 L/min. Breath type, positive end-expiratory pressure, and F(IO2) were varied to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm across a range of clinical scenarios. The cylinder-duration calculation from the ventilator program and manual calculation was determined at each setting and compared to the actual cylinder duration. RESULTS: The ventilator algorithm and the manual calculation underestimated the actual cylinder duration by 12 +/- 3% with each test. The range of differences between calculated and actual cylinder duration was 2-26 min across the 7 conditions. CONCLUSION: Actual cylinder duration averaged 12% longer than the cylinder duration estimated by the algorithm of the LTV-1000. One explanation is that the E cylinders may contain more liters of oxygen than indicated by the sticker on the side of the tank. Additionally, the bias flow during expiration is affected by inspiratory-expiratory ratio and respiratory rate. Clinicians should be aware of these differences when planning for patient transport. C1 [Blakeman, Thomas C.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Blakeman, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM thomas.blakeman@uc.edu NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1183 EP 1186 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 494JH UT WOS:000269808400006 PM 19712494 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Baker, PM Hwang, ES Sporleder, D Stearns, JA Chambreau, SD Braunstein, M Conforti, PF AF Dodd, James A. Baker, Paul M. Hwang, Eunsook S. Sporleder, David Stearns, Jaime A. Chambreau, Steven D. Braunstein, Matthew Conforti, Patrick F. TI Hyperthermal atomic oxygen source for near-space simulation experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE ELECTROTHERMAL THRUSTER; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; DISCHARGE SOURCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT; SINGLET OXYGEN; HIGH-INTENSITY; O(3P) ATOMS; FREE-JET; IONIZATION; O(P-3) AB A hyperthermal atomic oxygen (AO) beam facility has been developed to investigate the collisions of high-velocity AO atoms with vapor-phase counterflow. Application of 4.5 kW, 2.4 GHz microwave power in the source chamber creates a continuous discharge in flowing O(2) gas. The O(2) feedstock is introduced into the source chamber in a vortex flow to constrain the plasma to the center region, with the chamber geometry promoting resonant excitation of the TM(011) mode to localize the energy deposition in the vicinity of the aluminum nitride (AlN) expansion nozzle. The approximately 3500 K environment serves to dissociate the O(2), resulting in an effluent consisting of 40% AO by number density. Downstream of the nozzle, a silicon carbide (SiC) skimmer selects the center portion of the discharge effluent, prior to the expansion reaching the first shock front and rethermalizing, creating a beam with a derived 2.5 km s(-1) velocity. Differential pumping of the skimmer chamber, an optional intermediate chamber and reaction chamber maintains a reaction chamber pressure in the mid-10(-6) to mid-10(-5) Torr range. The beam has been characterized with regard to total AO beam flux, O(2) dissociation fraction, and AO spatial profile using time-of-flight mass spectrometric and Kapton-H erosion measurements. A series of reactions AO+C(n)H(2n) (n = 2-4) has been studied under single-collision conditions using mass spectrometric product detection, and at higher background pressure detecting dispersed IR emissions from primary and secondary products using a step-scan Michelson interferometer. In a more recent AO crossed-beam experiment, number densities and predicted IR emission intensities have been modeled using the direct simulation Monte Carlo technique. The results have been used to guide the experimental conditions. IR emission intensity predictions are compared to detected signal levels to estimate absolute reaction cross sections. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3212676] C1 [Dodd, James A.; Baker, Paul M.; Hwang, Eunsook S.; Sporleder, David; Stearns, Jaime A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Chambreau, Steven D.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Braunstein, Matthew; Conforti, Patrick F.] Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Dodd, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-99-10234]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BRCALL07-N-2-0029]; National Research Council (NRC); Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory [F19628-98-C0058]; [FA8718-05-C-0077] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. F49620-99-10234, Task No. 2303EP02, and from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant No. BRCALL07-N-2-0029. Much of this work was performed, while S. D. C. was a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associate at AFRL/Hanscom; D. S. and J.A.S. are current NRC Postdoctoral Associates at AFRL/Hanscom. E. S. H. performed this work as an employee of the Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory, under Contract No. F19628-98-C0058 with the Air Force. M. B. and P. F. C. acknowledge support under Contract No. FA8718-05-C-0077 with the Air Force. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 9 AR 093104 DI 10.1063/1.3212676 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 501KG UT WOS:000270380000004 PM 19791929 ER PT J AU Hoff, BW Mardahl, PJ Gilgenbach, RM Haworth, MD French, DM Lau, YY Franzi, M AF Hoff, B. W. Mardahl, P. J. Gilgenbach, R. M. Haworth, M. D. French, D. M. Lau, Y. Y. Franzi, M. TI Microwave window breakdown experiments and simulations on the UM/L-3 relativistic magnetron SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPACTOR DISCHARGE; SURFACE FLASHOVER; EMISSION; FIELD; EXCITATION; VACUUM; MODEL AB Experiments have been performed on the UM/L-3 (6-vane, L-band) relativistic magnetron to test a new microwave window configuration designed to limit vacuum side breakdown. In the baseline case, acrylic microwave windows were mounted between three of the waveguide coupling cavities in the anode block vacuum housing and the output waveguides. Each of the six 3 cm deep coupling cavities is separated from its corresponding anode cavity by a 1.75 cm wide aperture. In the baseline case, vacuum side window breakdown was observed to initiate at single waveguide output powers close to 20 MW. In the new window configuration, three Air Force Research Laboratory-designed, vacuum-rated directional coupler waveguide segments were mounted between the coupling cavities and the microwave windows. The inclusion of the vacuum side power couplers moved the microwave windows an additional 30 cm away from the anode apertures. Additionally, the Lucite microwave windows were replaced with polycarbonate windows and the microwave window mounts were redesigned to better maintain waveguide continuity in the region around the microwave windows. No vacuum side window breakdown was observed in the new window configuration at single waveguide output powers of 120+MW (a factor of 3 increase in measured microwave pulse duration and factor of 3 increase in measured peak power over the baseline case). Simulations were performed to investigate likely causes for the window breakdown in the original configuration. Results from these simulations have shown that in the original configuration, at typical operating voltage and magnetic field ranges, electrons emitted from the anode block microwave apertures strike the windows with a mean kinetic energy of 33 keV with a standard deviation of 14 keV. Calculations performed using electron impact angle and energy data predict a first generation secondary electron yield of 65% of the primary electron population. The effects of the primary aperture electron impacts, combined with multiplication of the secondary populations, were determined to be the likely causes of the poor microwave window performance in the original configuration. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3233917] C1 [Hoff, B. W.; Gilgenbach, R. M.; French, D. M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Franzi, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, B. W.; Mardahl, P. J.; Haworth, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Hoff, BW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0087]; Air Force Research Laboratory; AFOSR MURI on Cathodes and Windows for HPM [FA9550-04-1-0369]; L-3 Communications; Northrop Grumman Corp FX This research was supported by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-05-1-0087, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the AFOSR MURI on Cathodes and Windows for HPM FA9550-04-1-0369. Additional support has been received from L-3 Communications and Northrop Grumman Corp. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 9 AR 094702 DI 10.1063/1.3233917 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 501KG UT WOS:000270380000029 PM 19791954 ER PT J AU Qiu, R Guo, N Li, HS Wu, ZQ Chakravarthy, V Song, Y Hu, Z Zhang, P Chen, Z AF Qiu, Robert Guo, Nan Li, Husheng Wu, Zhiqiang Chakravarthy, Vasu Song, Yu Hu, Zhen Zhang, Peng Chen, Zhe TI A Unified Multi-Functional Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework: Tutorial, Theory and Multi-GHz Wideband Testbed (vol 9, pg 6530, 2009) SO SENSORS LA English DT Correction C1 [Qiu, Robert; Guo, Nan; Song, Yu; Hu, Zhen; Zhang, Peng; Chen, Zhe] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Li, Husheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Qiu, R (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM rqiu@tntech.edu; nguo@tntech.edu; husheng@eecs.utk.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu; Vasu.Chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; ysong21@tntech.edu; zhu21@tntech.edu; pzhang21@tntech.edu; zchen42@tntech.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9 BP 6835 EP 6835 DI 10.3390/s90906835 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 499IS UT WOS:000270213300014 ER PT J AU George, BJ Eichinger, JB Richard, TJ AF George, Benjamin J. Eichinger, Jessica B. Richard, Thomas J. TI A Rare Case of Aplastic Anemia Caused by Temozolomide SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aplastic anemia; chemotherapy; temozolomide; toxicity ID GLIOBLASTOMA; PATIENT AB A 65-year-old female patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) developed aplastic anemia following treatment with temozolomide. Following her diagnosis of GBM, the patient received standard treatment with surgery, concomitant radiation therapy and temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. On day 14 of her adjuvant treatment, she developed profound fatigue and spontaneous bruising and was noted to be severely pancytopenic. After an extensive workup, she was found to have aplastic anemia on bone marrow bipsy. Further studies did not reveal any other etiology and she was not on any other medications known to cause aplastic anemia. There have been two previously published cases involving aplastic anemia due to temozolomide. This case represents a rare but potentially fatal toxicity from temozolomide. C1 [George, Benjamin J.; Eichinger, Jessica B.; Richard, Thomas J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP George, BJ (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr S, Hematol Oncol SGOMH, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM benjamin.george@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 9 BP 974 EP 976 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 496GN UT WOS:000269957800026 PM 19668033 ER PT J AU Tucker, AA Dagli, CH AF Tucker, Aaron A. Dagli, Cihan H. TI Design of Experiments as a Means of Lean Value Delivery to the Flight Test Enterprise SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments (DOE)I flight test; ANOVA; lean; case study; F-16; statistics AB Modern flight test tends to be a complex, expensive undertaking, so any increases in efficiency would result in considerable savings. Lean thinking is an effective method to identify value and eliminate waste and is particularly effective when applied to the entire flight test enterprise. Design of experiments is a statistical methodology that results in highly efficient flight test where only the samples needed are collected and analyzed. The application of design of experiments to flight test's value stream can result in a significant increase in lean value to the stakeholders and a reduction of waste. Design of experiments uses objective, verifiable statistical analysis to plan, execute, and analyze test. With lean stakeholder input, design of experiment's planning process ensures that the variables of interest are measured to provide a specified confidence in the analysis. Statistical confidence provides critical information on both the magnitude and significance of system performance. Further, design of experiments provides a statistical power that tells the stakeholders what magnitude of the effect could have been detected. Another benefit is that system response models are continually generated as test matrices are executed. These models enable the stakeholders to understand and evaluate system performance. This increases test safety and flexibility, which also creates value and eliminates waste in a resource-limited experiment. A conceptual model is developed which shows how the design of experiments aligns the flight test process along the lean value delivery stream and identifies the stakeholders at each step.(C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Syst Eng 12: 201-217, 2009 C1 [Tucker, Aaron A.] USAF, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [Dagli, Cihan H.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rollo, MO 65409 USA. RP Tucker, AA (reprint author), USAF, 418th Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM aatucker@usa.net; cdagli@umr.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1002/sys.20119 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 482WK UT WOS:000268920600002 ER PT J AU Polito, A Pelletier, JR AF Polito, A. Pelletier, J. R. TI Analysis of Fresh Frozen Plasma Breakage at the Air Force Theater Hospital SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 24-27, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 [Polito, A.] WHMC, LSQ SGVLB 59, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pelletier, J. R.] 15th ADS, Med Grp 15, Hickman AFB, HI USA. EM anthony.polito@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 BP 84A EP 84A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 490XU UT WOS:000269542200212 ER PT J AU Konecki, L Shaw, K AF Konecki, L. Shaw, K. TI Use of Sysmex for Determining Start of Stem Cell Collection SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 24-27, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 [Konecki, L.; Shaw, K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM elizabeth.konecki@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 BP 179A EP 179A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 490XU UT WOS:000269542200467 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD De Graef, M Wheeler, R Dimiduk, DM AF Uchic, M. D. De Graef, M. Wheeler, R. Dimiduk, D. M. TI Microstructural tomography of a Ni70Cr20Al10 superalloy using focused ion beam microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Focused ion beam milling; Serial sectioning; 3D reconstruction; Nickel-base superalloy ID SERIAL SECTIONING ANALYSIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION; 3D; SYSTEM; VOLUME AB A focused ion beam (FIB) microscope has been used to simultaneously depth profile and image the gamma-gamma' microstructure of a nickel base superalloy using normal incidence milling in order to characterize the precipitate microstructure in three dimensions (3D). The normal incidence milling rates of the gamma and gamma' phases in this alloy are closely matched when the orientation of the depth-profiled surface is near (0 0 1), which allows for uniform material removal to depths up to a couple of microns. Depth-profiling experiments consisted of automated ion milling and collection of ion-generated secondary-electron images at specified intervals, and was demonstrated for a voxel resolution of roughly 15 x 15 x 16 nm(3). Image-processing software was used for automated processing of the 2D image sequence to render the gamma precipitate structure in 3D. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Uchic, M. D.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wheeler, R.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 FU Defense Research Projects Agency; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F33615-97-C-5274]; LIES, Inc FX This work was supported by the Defense Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, at the Air Force Research Laboratory. MDG and RW acknowledge support under Contract number F33615-97-C-5274. MDG also acknowledges financial support from LIES, Inc. during a research visit at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors also thank Hamish Fraser and the Center for Electron Optics at The Ohio State University for access to their DB 235. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 109 IS 10 BP 1229 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.05.008 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 496YB UT WOS:000270015200003 PM 19523769 ER PT J AU Chen, QF Lai, YC Dietz, D AF Chen, Qingfei Lai, Ying-Cheng Dietz, David TI Inducing intrinsic localized modes in microelectromechanical cantilever arrays by frequency modulation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; ENERGY AB We articulate a control method to induce intrinsic localized modes at programable bielement cell in driven microcantilever arrays. The idea is to excite a preassigned cantilever to an oscillating state with significantly higher amplitude than the average by using feedback signal to modulate the frequency that drives the whole array. Our control method is thus global, which is advantageous in microsystems as local pinning actuation may be difficult to implement at small scales. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3216054] C1 [Chen, Qingfei; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dietz, David] USAF, Res Lab, RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, QF (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM qchen20@asu.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0260] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Liang Huang for useful discussion. This work was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0260. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 9 AR 094102 DI 10.1063/1.3216054 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492AK UT WOS:000269625800079 ER PT J AU Ward, B Spring, J AF Ward, Benjamin Spring, Justin TI Finite element analysis of Brillouin gain in SBS-suppressing optical fibers with non-uniform acoustic velocity profiles SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-FREQUENCY; MODAL-ANALYSIS; OUTPUT POWER; SCATTERING; AMPLIFIER; THRESHOLD; OPERATION; LASER AB A numerical investigation is presented of Brillouin gain in SBS-suppressing optical fibers with non-uniform acoustic velocity profiles. The equation determining the acoustic displacement in response to the electrostriction caused by the pump and Stokes waves reduces to the non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation for fibers with a uniform acoustic velocity profile. In this special case the acoustic displacement and subsequently the Brillouin gain are calculated using a Green's function. These results are then used to validate a finite-element solution of the same equation. This finite element method is then used to analyze a standard large mode area fiber as well as fibers incorporating four different acoustic velocity profiles with 5% variation in the acoustic velocity across the core. The profiles which suppress the peak Brillouin gain most effectively exhibit a maximum acoustic gradient near the midpoint between the center and boundary of the fiber core. These profiles produce 11 dB of suppression relative to standard large mode area fibers. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Ward, Benjamin; Spring, Justin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Benjamin.ward@usafa.edu NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 18 BP 15685 EP 15699 DI 10.1364/OE.17.015685 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494AO UT WOS:000269781700032 PM 19724568 ER PT J AU Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Serak, Svetlana V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Azobenzene liquid crystal polymer-based membrane and cantilever optical systems SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID UNBENDING BEHAVIOR; LIGHT; ACTUATORS; FILMS; GELS AB Optically deformable membranes and cantilevers based on azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) are demonstrated in the context of dynamic optical systems. Large modulations in laser beam propagation direction or amplitude directed by laser-induced changes in material shape are demonstrated. These macroscopic shape changes are induced by local changes to the liquid crystalline order induced by photoisomerization processes. We demonstrate herein a number of concepts including the focusing and defocusing action of an azo-LCN membrane, laser beam steering from a bimorph azo-LCN/metal cantilever, and surface initiated bending and blocking of a parallel propagating laser beam. High speed and large angle deformations of an incident or reference beam is demonstrated when coupled into suitable optical architectures. The concepts under discussion appear to be highly practical for a number of applications due to the significant nonlinearity and photosensitivity of azo-LCN materials. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Serak, SV (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil; nelson@beamco.com RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 31 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 18 BP 15736 EP 15746 DI 10.1364/OE.17.015736 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494AO UT WOS:000269781700037 PM 19724573 ER PT J AU Bishop, GJ Secan, JA Delay, SH AF Bishop, G. J. Secan, J. A. Delay, S. H. TI GPS TEC and the plasmasphere: Some observations and uncertainties SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; PROTONOSPHERE; TOPEX; BIAS AB Plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) remains an elusive component of GPS TEC, even in middle latitude regions. PTEC is significant in measuring and modeling the ionosphere to altitudes much lower than GPS, such as for ground-based transionospheric radars that must detect and track orbital and ballistic objects. In addition, for GPS TEC observations to be useful for today's assimilative models, each TEC measurement needs to have an associated uncertainty. It is clearly beneficial if such uncertainty figures are not constant upper bounds, but rather are as data-specific and determined as possible. This paper presents results from a study using a chain of GPS stations on the west coast of North America. Ionospheric TEC, PTEC, and uncertainties are derived, and validated against Jason 1 TEC. We suggest that the methodology presented has potential to improve midlatitude ionospheric TEC accuracy for modeling, system impact and forecasting applications, and for monitoring PTEC. C1 [Bishop, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Delay, S. H.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Secan, J. A.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Bishop, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG 29 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A26 DI 10.1029/2008RS004037 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 488NW UT WOS:000269357600002 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Schaffer, LC Viggiano, AA AF Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Schaffer, Linda C. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to halomethanes at high temperature: CH2Cl2, CF2Cl2, CH3Cl, and CF3Cl attachment rate constants up to 1100 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron attachment; high-temperature effects; Langmuir probes; organic compounds; reaction rate constants ID CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; CCL2F2; CHF3; COEFFICIENTS; DEPENDENCE; AFFINITY; CHCLF2; SF6 AB We have used a high-temperature flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus to measure rate constants for electron attachment to halomethanes which attach electrons very inefficiently at room temperature, yielding Cl- ion product. We studied CH2Cl2 (495-973 K), CF2Cl2 (291-1105 K), and CF3Cl (524-1004 K) and include our recent measurement for CH3Cl (700-1100 K) in the discussion of the electron attachment results. The measured attachment rate constants show Arrhenius behavior in the temperature ranges examined, from which estimates of rate constants at 300 K may be made: CH2Cl2 (1.8x10(-13) cm(3) s(-1)), CH3Cl (1.1x10(-17) cm(3) s(-1)), and CF3Cl (4.2x10(-14) cm(3) s(-1)), all of which are difficult to measure directly. In the case of CF2Cl2, the room temperature rate constant was sufficiently large to be measured (1.6x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1)). The Arrhenius plots yield activation energies for the attachment reactions: 390 +/- 50 meV (CH2Cl2), 124 +/- 20 meV (CF2Cl2), 670 +/- 70 meV (CH3Cl), and 406 +/- 50 meV (CF3Cl). Comparisons are made with existing data where available. G3 calculations were carried out to obtain reaction energetics. They show that the parent anions of CH2Cl2 CF2Cl2, CH3Cl, and CF3Cl are stable, though CH3Cl- exists only as an electrostatically bound complex. C1 [Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Schaffer, Linda C.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program; [FA8718-04-C0006] FX We are grateful for the support of the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T. M. M. is under contract (No. FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. J. F. F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 084302 DI 10.1063/1.3212598 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 493GK UT WOS:000269723100011 PM 19725611 ER PT J AU Sen, I Maheshwari, L Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB Ramamurty, U AF Sen, Indrani Maheshwari, L. Tamirisakandala, S. Miracle, D. B. Ramamurty, U. TI Micromechanisms of damage in a hypereutectic Ti-6Al-4V-B alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Microstructure; Acoustic emission spectroscopy; Interrupted tensile test ID TITANIUM-MATRIX COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BORON ADDITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; CAST; DEFORMATION AB The tensile stress-strain response and fracture in a hypereutectic Ti-6Al-4V-1.7B (weight percent) alloy were investigated by employing interrupted tensile tests combined with acoustic emission measurements, with the aim to identify the cause for the observed low ductility in this alloy. These tests were complemented with microscopy. The alloy contains TiB whiskers of different length scales, the majority of which include micro-whiskers (similar to 5-10 mu m length) and a few primary-whiskers (similar to 200-300 mu m length). Although the fracture of both types of whiskers occur during deformation, the former leads to a gradual decrease in the secant modulus whereas initiation of the latter leads to a drastic drop in the modulus along with failure of the specimen, limiting the ductility. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sen, Indrani; Maheshwari, L.; Ramamurty, U.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Tamirisakandala, S.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramamurty, U (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Sir CV Raman Ave, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM ramu@materials.iisc.ernet.in RI Ramamurty, Upadrasta/E-5623-2011; Sen, Indrani/C-9419-2012 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.039 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 477PZ UT WOS:000268532300025 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Anderson, KD Brott, LL Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF McConney, Michael E. Anderson, Kyle D. Brott, Lawrence L. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Bioinspired Material Approaches to Sensing SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID MELANOPHILA-ACUMINATA COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL THERMAL DETECTION; ARTHROPOD FILIFORM HAIRS; ARTIFICIAL LATERAL-LINE; CUPIENNIUS-SALEI KEYS; FLOW SENSITIVE HAIRS; GECKO FOOT-HAIR; MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; INFRARED RECEPTOR; THIN-FILMS AB Bioinspired design is an engineering approach that involves working to understand the design principles and strategies employed by biology in order to benefit the development of engineered systems. From a materials perspective, biology offers an almost limitless source of novel approaches capable of arousing innovation in every aspect of materials, including fabrication, design, and functionality. Here, recent and ongoing work on the study of bioinspired materials for sensing applications is presented. Work presented includes the study of fish flow receptor structure and the subsequent development of similar structures to improve flow sensor performance. The study of spider air-flow receptors and the development of a spider-inspired flexible hair is also discussed. Lastly, the development of flexible membrane based infrared sensors, highly influenced by the fire beetle is presented, where a pneumatic mechanism and a thermal-expansion stress- mediated buckling-based mechanism are investigated. Other areas that are discussed include novel biological signal filtering mechanism and reciprocal benefits offered through applying the biology lessons to engineered working to engineered systems. C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Anderson, Kyle D.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brott, Lawrence L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp,AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McConney, ME (reprint author), Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU DARPA; AFOSR; AFRL; NSF FX The authors would like to thank the following people: Dr. S. Peleshanko, Dr. M. Ornatska, Dr. M. Julian, Mr. D. Lu, Prof. C. Jiang, Dr. M. Lemieux, Dr. S. Singamaneni, Prof. F. Barth, Mr. C. Schaber, Prof. S. Coombs, Prof. J.A.C. Humphrey, Mr. W.C. Eberhardt, Prof. C. Liu, Dr. N. Chen, Mr. A. Hu, Dr. C. Tucker, Dr. Y. Yang, Prof. D. H. Reneker, Dr. T. Han, whose participation made this work possible. This work is supported by DARPA, AFOSR, AFRL, and NSF. NR 119 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 13 U2 77 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 24 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 16 BP 2527 EP 2544 DI 10.1002/adfm.200900606 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 488UE UT WOS:000269374800001 ER PT J AU Mao, XY Wang, W Chen, XB Lu, YL AF Mao, Xiangyu Wang, Wei Chen, Xiaobing Lu, Yalin TI Multiferroic properties of layer-structured Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bismuth compounds; calcination; ceramics; cobalt compounds; Curie temperature; ferromagnetic materials; iron compounds; magnetic moments; multiferroics ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; BI5FETI3O15; BI4TI3O12; BIFEO3 AB Layer-structured, single phase Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics was synthesized following a multicalcination procedure. Magnetic moment increases more than three times by substituting half Fe sites by Co ions. The material exhibits an Aurivillius phase with a four-layer unit cell structure, and presents a remarkable coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism above room temperature. The measured 2P(r) and 2M(r) are 13 mu C/cm(2) and 7.8 memu/g, respectively. The material's magnetic behavior below 275 degrees C is relaxationlike and its magnetic Curie temperature is similar to 345 degrees C. C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Wang, Wei; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. EM xbchen@yzu.edu.cn; yalin.lu@usafa.edu FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [10274066]; Jiangsu Province Department of Education [08KJB140011]; U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U. S. Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 10274066) and Jiangsu Province Department of Education (Grant No. 08KJB140011). Professor Lu appreciates the support from U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and U. S. Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL). NR 18 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 99 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 8 AR 082901 DI 10.1063/1.3213344 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 493GL UT WOS:000269723200043 ER PT J AU Yarborough, JM Lai, YY Kaneda, Y Hader, J Moloney, JV Rotter, TJ Balakrishnan, G Hains, C Huffaker, D Koch, SW Bedford, R AF Yarborough, J. M. Lai, Yi-Ying Kaneda, Yushi Hader, Joerg Moloney, Jerome V. Rotter, T. J. Balakrishnan, G. Hains, C. Huffaker, D. Koch, S. W. Bedford, R. TI Record pulsed power demonstration of a 2 mu m GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor laser grown lattice-mismatched on an AlAs/GaAs Bragg mirror and substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; Bragg gratings; gallium arsenide; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; integrated optics; laser cavity resonators; laser mirrors; optical pumping; periodic structures; semiconductor lasers ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER AB An optically pumped semiconductor laser resonant periodic gain structure, grown lattice-mismatched on an AlAs/GaAs Bragg mirror, exhibits a peak pulsed power of 70 W when pumped with a pulsed 1064 nm neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. C1 [Yarborough, J. M.; Lai, Yi-Ying; Kaneda, Yushi; Hader, Joerg; Moloney, Jerome V.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hader, Joerg; Moloney, Jerome V.] Nonlinear Control Strategies Inc, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. [Rotter, T. J.; Balakrishnan, G.; Hains, C.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Huffaker, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Bedford, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yarborough, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM myarborough@optics.arizona.edu RI balakrishnan, ganesh/F-7587-2011 FU U.S. Joint Technology Office Multidisciplinary Research Initiative Program [AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0573] FX This work was funded by a U.S. Joint Technology Office Multidisciplinary Research Initiative Program Grant No. AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0573. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 8 AR 081112 DI 10.1063/1.3212891 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 493GL UT WOS:000269723200012 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Rodrigues, FS Makela, JJ Tsunoda, R Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Retterer, JM de La Beaujardiere, O de Paula, ER Ilma, RR AF Kelley, M. C. Rodrigues, F. S. Makela, J. J. Tsunoda, R. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Retterer, J. M. de La Beaujardiere, O. de Paula, E. R. Ilma, R. R. TI C/NOFS and radar observations during a convective ionospheric storm event over South America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; VORTEX; REGION; WAVES AB The development of a convective ionospheric storm is studied using three radars, the C/NOFS satellite, airglow instrumentation, and a numerical model. First detected in the form of convective plumes over the Eastern Pacific, plasma irregularities, airglow signatures, plumes, and irregularities were also detected over Brazil and then Peru. Dynamo conditions were such that a modest prereversal enhancement was recorded at both Christmas Island and Peru and probably over Brazil as well. No prereversal enhancement occurred during the next two days and no plumes were detected. The numerical model reproduced the results quite well over Peru. Evidence for seeding by both gravity waves and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is presented. Citation: Kelley, M. C., F. S. Rodrigues, J. J. Makela, R. Tsunoda, P. A. Roddy, D. E. Hunton, J. M. Retterer, O. de La Beaujardiere, E. R. de Paula, and R. R. Ilma (2009), C/NOFS and radar observations during a convective ionospheric storm event over South America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C07, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039378. C1 [Kelley, M. C.; Ilma, R. R.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rodrigues, F. S.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Makela, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tsunoda, R.] SRI Int, Geospace Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Retterer, J. M.; de La Beaujardiere, O.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [de Paula, E. R.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mikek@ece.cornell.edu RI de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013 OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; AFOSR [FA9550-05-0160]; NSF [ATM-0852393, ATM-0432565]; FAPESP [99/00026-0, 04/01065-0]; ONR [N00014-08-1-1136] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. Work at Cornell was supported by AFOSR grant FA9550-05-0160. F. S. Rodrigues was partially supported by NSF grant ATM-0852393. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peruand is operated with support from NSF cooperative agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. Help from the scientific and technical staff at the Jicamarca Observatory was much appreciated. The Sao Luis radar was partially supported by FAPESP processes 99/00026-0 and 04/01065-0. Work at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was supported by ONR grant N00014-08-1-1136. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C07 DI 10.1029/2009GL039378 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 487AZ UT WOS:000269244100004 ER PT J AU Pradhan, B Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Pradhan, Basudev Sharma, Ashwani K. Ray, Asim K. TI A simple hybrid inorganic-polymer photodiode SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CDS THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOCURRENT AB A hybrid p-n junction was fabricated by using chemically synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles and spun films of poly (9-vinayl carbazole) (PVK). The junction appeared to be nearly ideal from the current-voltage measurements. The analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics produced a value of nearly 1V for the zero bias built-in barrier of the CdS/PVK junction. The high photoresponsivity in the order of 1.16AW(-1) at -2V may be attributed to dissociation of loosely bound excitons at the CdS/PVK interface. C1 [Pradhan, Basudev; Ray, Asim K.] Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pradhan, B (reprint author), Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. RI Pradhan, Basudev/C-2319-2008 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-03-1-3070] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-03-1-3070. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 16 AR 165308 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/42/16/165308 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 477XZ UT WOS:000268553600028 ER PT J AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L Soe, M AF Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, George Vahala, Linda Soe, Min TI Superfluid Turbulence from Quantum Kelvin Wave to Classical Kolmogorov Cascades SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION AB The main topological feature of a superfluid is a quantum vortex with an identifiable inner and outer radius. A novel unitary quantum lattice gas algorithm is used to simulate quantum turbulence of a Bose-Einstein condensate superfluid described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation on grids up to 5760(3). For the first time, an accurate power-law scaling for the quantum Kelvin wave cascade is determined: k(-3). The incompressible kinetic energy spectrum exhibits very distinct power-law spectra in 3 ranges of k space: a classical Kolmogorov k(-(5/3)) spectrum at scales greater than the outer radius of individual quantum vortex cores and a quantum Kelvin wave cascade spectrum k(-3) on scales smaller than the inner radius of the quantum vortex core. The k(-3) quantum Kelvin wave spectrum due to phonon radiation is robust, while the k(-(5/3)) classical Kolmogorov spectrum becomes robust on large grids. C1 [Yepez, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, George] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Vahala, Linda] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Soe, Min] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 8 AR 084501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.084501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 487PY UT WOS:000269288500036 PM 19792730 ER PT J AU Kosch, MJ Pedersen, T Esposito, R AF Kosch, Michael J. Pedersen, Todd Esposito, Robert TI Wide angle mirror system design for distortionless imaging of the sky SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT ANGULAR MAGNIFICATION; ASPHERIC MIRROR AB We describe a dual-mirror wide angle optical design, which removes the radial distortion associated with traditional all-sky optics for a chosen altitude. The wide angle mirror system provides a transform of the sky, for a selected altitude, as if the viewer is situated at the center of the Earth. Other advantages of the system include (1) real time achromatic transform, (2) higher optical gain compared to pure lens systems, (3) a quasi-telecentric optic capable of taking narrowband interference filters without modification, and (4) a uniform sky spatial resolution everywhere on the detector. Disadvantages include ( 1) cost of manufacture and (2) focusing issues, especially near the horizon. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Kosch, Michael J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Pedersen, Todd; Esposito, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kosch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. EM m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112; Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2301SD]; National Research Council Research Associateship program FX This work was supported by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) task 2301SD. M. J. Kosch acknowledges support by the National Research Council Research Associateship program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 24 BP 4703 EP 4708 DI 10.1364/AO.48.004703 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 498DJ UT WOS:000270116600007 PM 19696858 ER PT J AU Carrano, CS Bridgwood, CT Groves, KM AF Carrano, Charles S. Bridgwood, Christopher T. Groves, Keith M. TI Impacts of the December 2006 solar radio bursts on the performance of GPS SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Four X class solar flares originated from active sunspot region 10930 on 5, 6, 13, and 14 December 2006. Wideband noise from associated solar radio bursts (SRB) on 6, 13, and 14 December drastically reduced the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/No) of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Using specialized high-rate GPS receivers from the AFRL-SCINDA global network, we investigate the impacts of these SRBs on the performance of GPS and quantify the Sudden Increases in Total Electron Content (SITEC) caused by the solar flares. The C/No reduction experienced by a GPS receiver during a SRB depends on the solar incidence angle due to the anisotropy of the antenna gain. We derive an expression for the vertical equivalent C/No reduction due to a SRB in order to compare measurements collected at locations where the solar incidence angles differ. During the SRB on 6 December we observed C/No reductions exceeding 25 dB, intermittent loss of lock, and complete loss of GPS positioning information lasting for several minutes. Peak positioning errors in the horizontal and vertical directions reached 20 and 60 m, respectively. While deep C/No reductions were observed during the SRBs on 6, 13, and 14 December, only the 6 December event was strong enough to substantially degrade GPS tracking and positioning accuracy. C1 [Carrano, Charles S.; Bridgwood, Christopher T.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Groves, Keith M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Carrano, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM charles.carrano@bc.edu; christopher.bridgwood@bc.edu; keith.groves@hanscom.af.mil OI Carrano, Charles/0000-0003-1317-2453 FU AFRL [FA8718-06-C-0022, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX The authors would like to thank Dale Gary of New Jersey Institute of Technology who granted us permission to reprint the figures of solar flux measurements from the OVSA telescope and Paul Kintner of Cornell University for many helpful discussions regarding this work. We would also like to acknowledge Christian Alcala who suggested we account for the GPS antenna gain in our analysis. This work was supported by AFRL contracts FA8718-06-C-0022 and FA8718-08-C-0012. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG 19 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A25 DI 10.1029/2008RS004071 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 487CG UT WOS:000269247500001 ER PT J AU Chung, SW Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Hammerstroem, DW Deng, Y Burgers, MA Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW AF Chung, Stephen W. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Hammerstroem, Douglas W. Deng, Yong Burgers, Mark A. Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steven W. TI Capping and Passivation of Aluminum Nanoparticles Using Alkyl-Substituted Epoxides SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NANOPOWDERS AB We report here on the synthesis and passivation of small (20-30 nm) aluminum nanoparticles using alkyl-substituted epoxides as capping agents. FTIR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy indicate that the epoxides polymerize to form a polyether chip on the surfaces of the aluminum nanoparticles. Nanoparticles capped with epoxyhexane and epoxydodecane are stable in air, but particles capped with epoxyisobutane are pyrophoric. TEM images show spherical Al particles. Powder X-ray diffraction shows the presence of crystalline Al. Titrimetric analysis of the core-shell nanostructures in air reveals that 96% of the total aluminum present is active (unoxidized) aluminum. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorale, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chung, Stephen W.; Hammerstroem, Douglas W.; Deng, Yong; Burgers, Mark A.; Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steven W.] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorale, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; jellissp@slu.edu; Buckners@slu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Nanoenergetics Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory Nanoenergetics Program for supporting this work. We thank Daniel Enriquez for his assistance in the laboratory. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 16 BP 8883 EP 8887 DI 10.1021/la901822h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 480GG UT WOS:000268719900011 PM 19583230 ER PT J AU Roy, S Wrzesinski, P Pestov, D Gunaratne, T Dantus, M Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Wrzesinski, Paul Pestov, Dmitry Gunaratne, Tissa Dantus, Marcos Gord, James R. TI Single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy of N-2 using a shaped 7 fs laser pulse SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coherent antiStokes Raman scattering; laser beams; molecule-photon collisions; nitrogen ID CARS SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; FLOWS AB The feasibility is explored by single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of gas-phase diatomic molecules related to combusting flows, with implications for gas-phase thermometry. We demonstrate CARS of gas-phase N-2 using a shaped similar to 7 fs laser pulse, investigate the dependence of the CARS signal on the total pressure of the probed environment, both in pure N-2 and in mixtures with Ar, discuss the observed signal-to-noise ratio, and suggest improvements to be considered for reliable single-shot measurements at flame temperatures. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wrzesinski, Paul; Pestov, Dmitry; Gunaratne, Tissa; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2918 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Manager). NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 7 AR 074102 DI 10.1063/1.3207829 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 487PW UT WOS:000269288300083 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. TI Cs laser with unstable cavity transversely pumped by multiple diode lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; ARRAY AB We have demonstrated a Cs vapor laser with an unstable resonator transversely pumped by 15 narrowband laser diode arrays. A slope efficiency of 43%, a total optical efficiency of 31% and a maximum output power 49 W were obtained with a pump power of 157 Watts. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers, and the National Science Foundation. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 17 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 17 BP 14767 EP 14770 DI 10.1364/OE.17.014767 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 486XA UT WOS:000269232800031 PM 19687954 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Artyushkova, K Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Artyushkova, Kateryna Johnson, Glenn R. TI Probing the molecular interactions between an antimicrobial peptide and biosilica using XPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Labs, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Artyushkova, Kateryna] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; kartyush@unm.edu; Glenn.Johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 10-BIOL BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900716 ER PT J AU Back, T Maruyama, B Amama, P Shin, E Pearce, N Murray, T AF Back, Tyson Maruyama, Benji Amama, Placidus Shin, Eunsung Pearce, Neal Murray, Terry TI In situ study of catalyst chemical state under carbon nanotube growth conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Back, Tyson; Pearce, Neal; Murray, Terry] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, Placidus; Shin, Eunsung] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM tyson.back@wpafb.af.mil; paul.murray@udri.udayton.edu RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 298-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909592 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Taylor, BE Shi, JJ Durstock, MF Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Taylor, Barney E. Shi, Jinjun Durstock, Michael F. Thuy D. Dang TI Nanocomposite materials based on zirconium phosphate and block copolymers for proton exchange membranes in fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Adv Polymers Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Taylor, Barney E.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Shi, Jinjun] Nanotek Instrument Inc, Dayton, OH 45404 USA. [Durstock, Michael F.; Thuy D. Dang] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; shijinjun@gmail.com; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 44-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905615 ER PT J AU Blanski, RL Yandek, GR Mabry, JM AF Blanski, Rusty L. Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 301-Synthesis of fluoroalkenyl silsesquioxane nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blanski, Rusty L.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM rusty.blanski@edwards.af.mil; gregory.yandek@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 301-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906529 ER PT J AU Brown, DK Iacono, ST Smith, DW AF Brown, Dakarai K. Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI POLY 122-Segmented semifluorinated poly(aryl ether)s from aromatic trifluorovinyl ether monomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, Dakarai K.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, COMSET, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] USAF, Patrick AFB, FL 32929 USA. EM dakarab@clemson.edu; scott.iacono@patrick.af.mil; dwsmith@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 122-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906548 ER PT J AU Campos, R Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Campos, Raymond Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 415-Toward mechanically-robust omniphobic composite coatings using fluoroalkyl-modified silica SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM raymond.campos.ctr@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 415-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906439 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL Strasser, D Kostko, O Koh, C Kwak, K Leone, S AF Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Strasser, D. Kostko, Oleg Koh, Christine Kwak, Kyungwon Leone, Steve TI Photodynamics of room temperature ionic liquids in the gas phase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chambreau, Steven D.; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, AFRL RZSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Strasser, D.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Kostko, Oleg] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koh, Christine; Kwak, Kyungwon; Leone, Steve] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM schambreau@yahoo.com; ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil; strass@wicc.weizmann.ac.il; okostko@lbl.gov; christinekoh@berkeley.edu; kkwak@berkeley.edu RI Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 371-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909159 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Kelley-Loughnane, N Lyon, W Stone, M AF Chavez, Jorge L. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Lyon, Wanda Stone, Morley TI COLL 11-Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles as markers of cognition events SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Lyon, Wanda; Stone, Morley] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jorge.ChavezBenavides.ctr.PER@wpafb.af.mil; Nancy.Kelley-Loughnane@wpafb.af.mil; Wanda.Lyon@wpafb.af.mil; morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 11-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903252 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Spowart, JE AF Crouse, Christopher A. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI FLUO 5-Fluorinated materials and their role in nanothermite reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.; Spowart, Jonathan E.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 5-FLUO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903780 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, B. L. TI POLY 14-Polymers in aviation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 14-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906296 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, B. L. TI Computational modeling of biopolymers on carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 324-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904300 ER PT J AU Feng, J Farmer, BL Naik, R Heinz, H AF Feng, Jie Farmer, B. L. Naik, Rajesh Heinz, Hendrik TI Quantifying adsorption of amino acids and surfactants on Au {111} surfaces in aqueous solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Feng, Jie; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, B. L.; Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jiefeng@uakron.edu; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 326-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904148 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Biffinger, JC Sanders, WC Sheehan, PE Ray, R Little, BJ Ringeisen, BR Baldwin, JW Ribbens, M Finkel, SE Johnson, GR Nadeau, LJ Nealson, KH AF Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Biffinger, Justin C. Sanders, Wesley C. Sheehan, Paul E. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda J. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Ribbens, Meghann Finkel, Steven E. Johnson, Glenn R. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI Monitoring physiological interactions between Shewanella japonica and electrodes using a modular microbial fuel cell array SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Div Chem, Code 6113, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sanders, Wesley C.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Div Chem, Code 6177, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ribbens, Meghann; Finkel, Steven E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.; Nadeau, Lloyd J.] USAF, Res Labs, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lisa.fitzgerald.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil; wesley.sanders.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; ricky.ray@nrlssc.navy.mil; bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil; baldwin@code7136.nrl.navy.mil; ribbens@usc.edu; sfinkel@usc.edu; Glenn.Johnson@tyndall.af.mil; lloyd.nadeau@tyndall.af.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 77-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905040 ER PT J AU Gadhamshetty, VR Ramasamy, RP Sizemore, S Ringeisen, BR Biffinger, JC Johnson, GR AF Gadhamshetty, Venkata Ramana Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Sizemore, Susan Ringeisen, Bradley R. Biffinger, Justin C. Johnson, Glenn R. TI BIOT 404-Shewanella assisted electricity production in gravity fed microbial fuel cell SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gadhamshetty, Venkata Ramana; Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Sizemore, Susan; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vgadhamshetty@fairpoint.net; rramasamy@fairpoint.net; susan.sizemore@tyndall.af.mil; bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil; justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 404-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901602 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Boatz, JA Weber, S Mabry, JM AF Haddad, Timothy S. Boatz, Jerry A. Weber, Sarah Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 302-Thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability of fully-condensed fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.; Weber, Sarah] USAF, Space & Missle Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil; sarah.weber@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 302-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906472 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Farmer, BL Pandey, RB Slocik, J Patnaik, SS Pachter, R Naik, RR AF Heinz, Hendrik Farmer, B. L. Pandey, Ras B. Slocik, Joseph Patnaik, Soumya S. Pachter, Ruth Naik, Rajesh R. TI Nature of molecular interactions of peptides with gold, palladium, and Pd-Au bimetal surfaces in aqueous solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, B. L.; Slocik, Joseph; Patnaik, Soumya S.; Pachter, Ruth; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 177-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904159 ER PT J AU Hong, GY Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth TI Redox potentials in multicopper oxidases: Structure-property relations from density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hong, Gongyi] USAF, RXPJ, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 307-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905096 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST McGee, SA Hunt, WD Smith, DW Mabry, JM AF Iacono, Scott T. McGee, Sean A. Hunt, William D. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 300-Optically transparent, omniphobic fluoropolymer coatings modified with octasilsesquioxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [McGee, Sean A.; Hunt, William D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM scott.iacono@patrick.af.mil; dwsmith@clemson.edu; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 300-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906528 ER PT J AU Ivnitski, D Luckarift, HR Ramasamy, RP Artyushkova, K De la Iglesia, P Khripin, C Apblett, C Johnson, GR Atanassov, P AF Ivnitski, Dmitri Luckarift, Heather R. Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Artyushkova, Kateryna De la Iglesia, Pablo Khripin, Constantine Apblett, Christopher Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen TI Electron transfer mechanism in multicopper oxidases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ivnitski, Dmitri; Artyushkova, Kateryna; De la Iglesia, Pablo; Khripin, Constantine; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Apblett, Christopher] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ivnitski@unm.edu; heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; rramasamy@fairpoint.net; kartyush@unm.edu; pa10zk@unm.edu; constantine.khripin@gmail.com; caapble@sandia.gov; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil; plamen@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 274-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905201 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Kozlovskaya, V Gunawidjaja, R Shevchenko, V Vaia, R Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Kozlovskaya, Veronika Gunawidjaja, Ray Shevchenko, Valery Vaia, Richard Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Silk-based mechanically robust ultrathin nanocomposites with tailored optical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Gunawidjaja, Ray; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Gunawidjaja, Ray; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shevchenko, Valery] Ukrainian Natl Acad Sci, Inst Macromol Chem, Kiev, Ukraine. [Vaia, Richard; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ekharlam@gatech.edu; vkozlovs@gatech.edu; rayguna@gatech.edu; olga-s@mail.kar.net; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 170-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905629 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Gupta, M Naik, R Kaplan, D Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Gupta, Maneesh Naik, Rajesh Kaplan, David Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Redox-active ultrathin templates of silk fibroin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Gupta, Maneesh; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Gupta, Maneesh; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kaplan, David] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM ekharlam@gatech.edu; maneesh.gupta@gatech.edu; david.kaplan@tufts.edu; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 511-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905617 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Slocik, J Poulsen, NC Naik, RR Kroger, N Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Slocik, Joseph Poulsen, Nicole C. Naik, Rajesh R. Kroeger, Nils Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Protein structure and surface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse titania nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poulsen, Nicole C.; Kroeger, Nils] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ekharlam@gatech.edu; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 450-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905612 ER PT J AU Knecht, MR Pacardo, D Jones, SE Naik, RR AF Knecht, Marc R. Pacardo, Dennis Jones, Sharon E. Naik, Rajesh R. TI COLL 7-Peptide mediated synthesis of energy and environmentally friendly nanocatalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knecht, Marc R.; Pacardo, Dennis] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.] USAF, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mrknec2@email.uky.edu; dkpacardo@uky.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 7-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903019 ER PT J AU Lane, SM Yom, J Kuang, ZF Arifuzzaman, S Genzer, J Farmer, BL Naik, R Vaia, RA AF Lane, Sarah M. Yom, Jeannie Kuang, Zhifeng Arifuzzaman, Shafi Genzer, Jan Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh Vaia, Richard A. TI Spatial-temporal modulation of surface properties and biological activity through polymer brushes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lane, Sarah M.; Yom, Jeannie; Kuang, Zhifeng; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arifuzzaman, Shafi; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sarah.lane.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 95-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905748 ER PT J AU Lee, CYC AF Lee, Charles Y-C. TI POLY 236-Organic Materials Chemistry Program at Air Force Office of Scientific Research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Charles Y-C.] USAF, Off Sci Res AFOSR NA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM charles.lee@afosr.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 236-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906338 ER PT J AU Li, Q El Khoury, JM Zhou, XL Qu, LT Dai, LM Urbas, A AF Li, Quan El Khoury, Jouliana M. Zhou, Xiaoli Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Urbas, Augustine TI COLL 46-Organo-soluble photoresponsive thiol monolayer-protected gold nanorods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Quan; El Khoury, Jouliana M.; Zhou, Xiaoli] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM quan@lci.kent.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 46-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903056 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Moore, BM Campos, R Vij, V Yandek, GR Haddad, TS AF Mabry, Joseph M. Moore, Brian M. Campos, Raymond Vij, Vandana Yandek, Gregory R. Haddad, Timothy S. TI POLY 296-Silicon-containing nanoparticles and their enhancement of polymer properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.; Yandek, Gregory R.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Moore, Brian M.; Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vij, Vandana] USAF, ERC AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; brian.moore.ctr@edwards.af.mil; raymond.campos.ctr@edwards.af.mil; vandana.vij.ctr@edwards.af.mil; gregory.yandek@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 296-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906507 ER PT J AU Millican, JN Phelan, D Thomas, EL Leao, J Carpenter, E AF Millican, Jasmine N. Phelan, Daniel Thomas, Evan L. Leao, Juscelino Carpenter, Elisabeth TI Pressure-induced effects on the structure of the FeSe superconductor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Millican, Jasmine N.; Phelan, Daniel; Leao, Juscelino; Carpenter, Elisabeth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF, RZPG UDRI,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jasmine.millican@nist.gov; daniel.phelan@nist.gov; evan.thomas@wpafb.af.mil; juscelino.leao@nist.gov; elisabeth.carpenter@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 334-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000529 ER PT J AU Mitchell, EG Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL AF Mitchell, Erik G. Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. TI FTIR spectroscopic investigations of the interaction between room temperature ionic liquids and gaseous oxidizers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mitchell, Erik G.; Chambreau, Steven D.; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM erik.mitchell@edwards.af.mil; schambreau@yahoo.com; ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 354-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909183 ER PT J AU Moore, BM Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Moore, Brian M. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 412-Synthesis and characterization of functionalized eight-membered cyclic silicates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Brian M.; Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM brian.moore.ctr@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 412-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906437 ER PT J AU Naik, RR AF Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biological-nanomaterial interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 173-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904303 ER PT J AU Pacardo, D Jones, SE Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Pacardo, Dennis Jones, Sharon E. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Biomimetic synthesis of green Pd nanoparticles for the Stille coupling reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pacardo, Dennis; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.] USAF, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dkpacardo@uky.edu; mrknec2@email.uky.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 226-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000059 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, B. L. TI Self-organized dispersion in a multicomponent nanoclay composite by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 111-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904302 ER PT J AU Ramasamy, RP Luckarift, HR Ivnitski, D Apblett, C Atanassov, P Johnson, GR AF Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Luckarift, Heather R. Ivnitski, Dmitri Apblett, Christopher Atanassov, Plamen Johnson, Glenn R. TI Conductive biohybrid materials for enzymatic fuel cell cathodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Apblett, Christopher] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rramasamy@fairpoint.net; heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; ivnitski@unm.edu; caapble@sandia.gov; plamen@unm.edu; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 268-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905259 ER PT J AU Ruth, PN Blanski, RL Yandek, GR Mabry, JM AF Ruth, Patrick N. Blanski, Rusty L. Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 408-Nanoclay dispersion in urethane monomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ruth, Patrick N.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM patrick.ruth@edwards.af.mil; rusty.blanski@edwards.af.mil; gregory.yandek@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 408-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906537 ER PT J AU Schottmiller, C Beltz, R Poojari, Y Clarson, SJ Kannan, MS Kannan, R Patwardhan, SV AF Schottmiller, Chris Beltz, Ryan Poojari, Yadagiri Clarson, Stephen J. Kannan, Miriam Steinitz Kannan, Ramamurthi Patwardhan, Siddharth V. TI POLY 404-Effect of turbulence on biosilica structure and morphology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Poojari, Yadagiri; Clarson, Stephen J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kannan, Miriam Steinitz] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. [Kannan, Ramamurthi] USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patwardhan, Siddharth V.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Biomol & Mat Interface Res Grp, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. EM schottcr@email.uc.edu; beltzrn@email.uc.edu; poojary@email.uc.edu; Stephen.Clarson@UC.Edu; kannan@nku.edu; Siddharth.Patwardhan@ntu.ac.uk RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 404-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906574 ER PT J AU Thomas, EL Wong-Ng, W Phelan, D Millican, JN Barnes, PN AF Thomas, Evan L. Wong-Ng, Winnie Phelan, Daniel Millican, Jasmine N. Barnes, Paul N. TI Thermoelectric behavior of new materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Inst Res, USAF, Res Lab WPAFB,AFPL RZPG UDRI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, Daniel; Millican, Jasmine N.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, RZPG, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM evan.thomas@wpafb.af.mil; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; daniel.phelan@nist.gov; jasmine.millican@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 273-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000362 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, Steven Pachter, Ruth TI Mechanism of hydrogen production by [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase in DdH and CpI: A QM/MM study of transition states SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trohalaki, Steven; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 817-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000787 ER PT J AU Tuteja, A Choi, W Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Tuteja, Anish Choi, Wonjae Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI POLY 580-Designing superoleophobic surfaces with fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tuteja, Anish; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Hatsopoulos Microfluids Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM atuteja@mit.edu; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 580-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906566 ER PT J AU Upadhyayula, VKK Eby, DM Balkundi, S Lvov, YM Johnson, GR AF Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K. Eby, D. Matthew Balkundi, Shantanu Lvov, Yuri M. Johnson, Glenn R. TI ENVR 44-Effect of polyelectrolyte encapsulation on responsiveness of recombinant bacteria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.; Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Labs, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Balkundi, Shantanu; Lvov, Yuri M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM vupadhyayula@fairpoint.net; matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; ssb025@latech.edu; YLvov@latech.edu; Glenn.Johnson@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 44-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903587 ER PT J AU Vaghjiani, GL Gallegos, CJ Chambreau, SD AF Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Gallegos, Christopher J. Chambreau, Steven D. TI Identification of reaction mechanisms in hypergolic ionic liquid reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.; Chambreau, Steven D.] USAF Acad, AFRL RZSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gallegos, Christopher J.] Edwards Air Force Base AFRL RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil; schambreau@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 356-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909143 ER PT J AU Vij, V Yandek, G Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Vij, Vandana Yandek, Gregory Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 414-Synthesis of polyimides produced from novel high temperature polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane dianilines SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vij, Vandana] USAF, ERC AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, RZSM AFRL, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM vandana.vij.ctr@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 414-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906469 ER PT J AU Yandek, GR Mabry, JM AF Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI POLY 369-Crystallization augmentation of engineering thermoplastics through dispersion of silicon-containing nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM gregory.yandek@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 369-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906544 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Tylka, AJ Reames, DV AF Kahler, S. W. Tylka, A. J. Reames, D. V. TI A COMPARISON OF ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE RATIOS IN SEP EVENTS IN FAST AND SLOW SOLAR WIND REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; solar wind; Sun: abundances; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: particle emission ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SEED POPULATION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SUPRATHERMAL TAILS; 1 AU; GRADUAL EVENTS; ION POPULATION; DRIVEN SHOCKS; HIGH-ENERGIES AB The solar energetic (E > 1 MeV nucleon(-1)) particles (SEPs) observed in gradual events at 1 AU are assumed to be accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks from ambient thermal or suprathermal seed particles. If so, then the elemental abundances of SEPs produced in different solar wind (SW) stream types (transient, fast, and slow) might be systematically distinguished from each other. We look for these differences in SEP energy spectra and in elemental abundance ratios (including Mg/Ne and Fe/C, which compare low/high first ionization potential elements), in a large number of SEP time intervals over the past solar cycle. The SW regions are characterized by the three-component stream classification of Richardson et al. Our survey shows no significant compositional or energy spectral differences in the 5-10 MeV nucleon(-1) range for SEP events of different SW stream types. This result extends the earlier finding that SEP events are observed frequently in fast SW streams, although their higher Alfven and SW flow speeds should constrain SEP production by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks in those regions. We discuss the implications of our results for shock seed populations and cross-field propagation. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Tylka, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reames, D. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA DPR [NNG06EC55I]; AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX A.J.T. was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA DPR NNG06EC55I. SWK was partially funded by AFOSR task 2301RDZ4. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/561 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800048 ER PT J AU de La Beaujardiere, O Retterer, JM Pfaff, RF Roddy, PA Roth, C Burke, WJ Su, YJ Kelley, MC Ilma, RR Wilson, GR Gentile, LC Hunton, DE Cooke, DL AF de La Beaujardiere, Odile Retterer, John M. Pfaff, Robert F. Roddy, Patrick A. Roth, Christopher Burke, William J. Su, Yi Jiun Kelley, Michael C. Ilma, Ronald R. Wilson, Gordon R. Gentile, Louise C. Hunton, Donald E. Cooke, David L. TI C/NOFS observations of deep plasma depletions at dawn SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE; SATELLITE; SUNRISE AB The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite was launched in 2008, during solar minimum conditions. An unexpected feature in the C/NOFS plasma density data is the presence of deep plasma depletions observed at sunrise at all satellite altitudes. Ionospheric irregularities are often embedded within these dawn depletions. Their frequencies strongly depend on longitude and season. Dawn depletions are also observed in coincident satellite passes such as DMSP and CHAMP. In one example the depletion extended 50 degrees x 14 degrees in the N-S and E-W directions, respectively. These depletions are caused by upward plasma drifts observed in C/NOFS and ground-based measurements. The reason for these upward drifts is still unresolved. We discuss the roles of dynamo electric fields, over-shielding, and tidal effects as sources for the reported depletions. Citation: de La Beaujardiere, O., et al. (2009), C/NOFS observations of deep plasma depletions at dawn, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C06, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038884. C1 [de La Beaujardiere, Odile; Retterer, John M.; Roddy, Patrick A.; Burke, William J.; Su, Yi Jiun; Wilson, Gordon R.; Gentile, Louise C.; Hunton, Donald E.; Cooke, David L.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kelley, Michael C.; Ilma, Ronald R.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pfaff, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roth, Christopher] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP de La Beaujardiere, O (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM odile.delabeaujardiere@hanscom.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; The Aerospace Corporation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research. FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. This work was also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C06 DI 10.1029/2009GL038884 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481OC UT WOS:000268820000005 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Marcos, FA Roddy, PA Hairston, MR Coley, WR Roth, C Bruinsma, S Hunton, DE AF Huang, Cheryl Y. Marcos, Frank A. Roddy, Patrick A. Hairston, Marc R. Coley, W. Robin Roth, Christopher Bruinsma, Sean Hunton, Donald E. TI Broad plasma decreases in the equatorial ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; BUBBLES AB During June 2008 broad plasma density decreases (BPDs) were detected repeatedly by the Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. These density minima, not to be confused with Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs), occurred within 15 degrees of the equator, consisted of reductions in plasma density up to an order of magnitude and extended across several degrees in azimuth along the orbit. Analysis revealed that the BPDs occurred nearly daily from May through July 2008 on C/NOFS, and that the widest BPDs were observed in the vicinity of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Similar BPDs simultaneous with the C/NOFS measurements were observed by instruments on the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. An examination of plasma densities observed by the DMSP satellites over several years revealed that these phenomena were a frequent occurrence during (1) the period around June solstices; during (2) solar minimum years; (3) in the vicinity of the SAA. Neutral densities were examined during periods when BPDs were detected, and at times there are simultaneous neutral depletions. One possible explanation is a decrease in temperature of both ions and neutrals in the equatorial region at these times, consistent with downwelling in the ionosphere and thermosphere. Measurements of plasma temperatures on DMSP support this hypothesis. Citation: Huang, C. Y., F. A. Marcos, P. A. Roddy, M. R. Hairston, W. R. Coley, C. Roth, S. Bruinsma, and D. E. Hunton (2009), Broad plasma decreases in the equatorial ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C04, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039423. C1 [Huang, Cheryl Y.; Marcos, Frank A.; Roddy, Patrick A.; Hunton, Donald E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Bruinsma, Sean] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Hairston, Marc R.; Coley, W. Robin] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Roth, Christopher] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301SDA5, FA8718-05-C-0036]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-01068] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. DMSP data were made available through funding by the DMSP program office. We thank J. Retterer for the IRI model results. This research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 2301SDA5, and Air Force contract FA8718-05-C-0036 with Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc. Research at the University of Texas at Dallas was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS5-01068. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C04 DI 10.1029/2009GL039423 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481OB UT WOS:000268819900008 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, FS Kelley, MC Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Pfaff, RF de La Beaujardiere, O Bust, GS AF Rodrigues, F. S. Kelley, M. C. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Pfaff, R. F. de La Beaujardiere, O. Bust, G. S. TI C/NOFS observations of intermediate and transitional scale-size equatorial spread F irregularities SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB We present initial results of the analysis of high sampling rate (512 Hz) measurements made by the Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) instrument and the Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) onboard the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. This letter focuses on the analysis of irregularities with scale-sizes in the intermediate (0.1-10 km) and transitional (10100 m) domains observed when the satellite was flying through a large equatorial spread F (ESF) depletion on the night of October 9-10, 2008 over South America. The results presented in this letter suggest the operation of a diffusive subrange in the density power spectra and the possibility of an inertial plasma regime being observed at relatively low altitudes as a result of the long-lasting solar minimum conditions. Citation: Rodrigues, F. S., M. C. Kelley, P. A. Roddy, D. E. Hunton, R. F. Pfaff, O. de La Beaujardiere, and G. S. Bust (2009), C/NOFS observations of intermediate and transitional scale-size equatorial spread F irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C05, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038905. C1 [Rodrigues, F. S.; Bust, G. S.] ASTRA, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; de La Beaujardiere, O.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rodrigues, FS (reprint author), ASTRA, 12703 Spectrum Dr,Suite 101, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM frodrigues@astraspace.net RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NSF [ATM-0719872]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award [FA9550-05-0160] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. Research at ASTRA was partly funded by NSF Award ATM-0719872. Research at Cornell University was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-05-0160. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C05 DI 10.1029/2009GL038905 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481OB UT WOS:000268819900005 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Huang, SK Ganguly, BN AF Sands, Brian L. Huang, Shih K. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Current scaling in an atmospheric pressure capillary dielectric barrier discharge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; glow discharges; plasma boundary layers; plasma flow AB Current scaling in an atmospheric pressure capillary dielectric barrier discharge, comprising a structured rare gas flow that extends into ambient air, is characterized by electrical and optical measurements. In the transient glow mode, two current scaling regimes were identified that are separated by the static free shear flow boundary. The peak current was sensitive to cathode placement relative to this flow structure and could be scaled from similar to 300 mA to over 5 A. Applying a Boltzmann equation solver, it was found that similar to 1% air entrainment into the flow and an E/N less than or similar to 5x10(-16) V cm(-2) could account for the observed trends. C1 [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Huang, Shih K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Ctr Adv Power & Energy Convers, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU U. S. Air Force [FA8650-04-D-2404] FX We thank Jared Speltz and Matthew Niekamp for their assistance. This work was partially supported under U. S. Air Force Contract No. FA8650-04-D-2404. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 051502 DI 10.1063/1.3187939 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400010 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Control of molybdenum disulfide basal plane orientation during coating growth in pulsed magnetron sputtering discharges SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Molybdenum disulfide; Pulsed sputtering; Tribology ID MOS2 THIN-FILMS; ALUMINUM-OXIDE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WEAR MECHANISMS; FREQUENCY; PLASMA; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; TEM AB Molybdenum disulfide coatings were grown under selected mid-frequency bi-polar pulsed direct current power conditions to control the basal plane orientation relative to the substrate, from parallel (002) to perpendicular (100). Growth mechanisms under different conditions were made apparent by the observed trends. The highest (002)/(100) orientation ratios were obtained with growth rates near 1 atomic layer per second accompanied by high energy ion bombardment (up to 175 eV). These conditions allowed maximum surface diffusion of deposited atoms before burial by incident material or removal by desorption and resputtering. Additionally, high energy ion bombardment during pulsed deposition produced defects on the otherwise inert MoS(2) (002) surface that further enabled adsorption and crystal growth. For growth rates of less than one monolayer per second coupled with low ion energies and fluxes, coatings exhibited strong (100) orientation. Under these low growth rate conditions, the burial rate was still higher than the desorption rate on the (100) surface, and the lack of energetic ion bombardment permitted uninterrupted growth of crystals in this orientation. For sliding wear tests conducted in humid air, the tribological performance of the coatings demonstrated a strong dependence on (002)/(100) ratios. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muratore, C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU The Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research is acknowledged for financial support. The authors also wish to thank John Bultman and Art Safriet for technical assistance. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 19 BP 5605 EP 5610 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.190 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467XD UT WOS:000267775500002 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Combs, JG AF Martin, John A. Combs, James G. TI Punishing Managers for Bad Acquisitions: Does Firm Size Matter? SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Combs, James G.] Florida State Univ, Jim Moran Inst Global Entrepreneurship, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1558-9080 J9 ACAD MANAGE PERSPECT JI Acad. Manag. Perspect. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 92 EP 93 PG 2 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 483GF UT WOS:000268950100008 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR Gursul, I Wang, ZJ AF Gordnier, Raymond E. Visbal, Miguel R. Gursul, Ismet Wang, Zhijin TI Computational and Experimental Investigation of a Nonslender Delta Wing SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; VORTEX STRUCTURE; FLOWS; EQUATIONS; MESHES AB Computational simulations have been performed for a 50-deg-sweep delta wing with a sharp leading edge at a 15 deg angle of attack and moderate Reynolds numbers of Re = 2 x 10(5), Re = 6.2 x 10(5), and Re = 2 x 10(6). A sixth-order compact-difference scheme with an eighth-order low-pass filter is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence modeling has been accomplished using an implicit large eddy simulation method that exploits the high-order accuracy of the compact-difference scheme and uses the discriminating higher-order filter to regularize the solution. Computations have been performed on a baseline mesh of 11.3 x 10(6) grid points and a refined mesh of 35 x 10(6) grid points. An assessment of grid resolution showed that significantly finer-scale features of the flow could be captured on the refined mesh, providing a more accurate representation of the complex, unsteady, separated flow. Comparisons are also made with high-resolution particle image velocimetry images obtained for the two lower Reynolds numbers. The numerical results are examined to provide a description of the mean and instantaneous flow structure over the delta wing, including the separated vortical flow, vortex breakdown, surface flow features, and surface boundary-layer transition near the symmetry plane. The effect of Reynolds number on each of these features is assessed. C1 [Gordnier, Raymond E.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gursul, Ismet] Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1811 EP 1825 DI 10.2514/1.37848 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 478RV UT WOS:000268606900002 ER PT J AU Martin, S Elliott-DeSorbo, DK Calabrese, S Wolters, PL Roby, G Brennan, T Wood, LV AF Martin, Staci Elliott-DeSorbo, Deborah K. Calabrese, Sarah Wolters, Pamela L. Roby, Gregg Brennan, Tara Wood, Lauren V. TI A Comparison of Adherence Assessment Methods Utilized in the United States: Perspectives of Researchers, HIV-Infected Children, and their Caregivers SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; POSITIVE ADULTS; VIRAL LOAD; PREDICTORS AB This study sought to elucidate methodological issues in adherence research by comparing multiple methods of assessing adherence to antiretroviral medication. From 2003 to 2004, 24 youths with vertically infected HIV disease (mean age = 14.0 years; range, 8-18) and their caregivers participated in a 6-month study. These children were all on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were relatively healthy (mean CD4 absolute count = 711.8 +/- 604.5). Adherence was assessed with the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), pill counts, and interviews. Patients and caregivers completed the Perceptions of Adherence Study Participation (PASP) questionnaire. MEMS provided the most detailed adherence information, and good reliability was indicated by significant correlations with medical markers. Pill counts provided similar adherence rates, while patients and caregivers reported nearly perfect adherence in interviews. Problems were experienced with each method: MEMS were expensive, had cap malfunctions, and lack a consistent guiding principle for data interpretation. With pill counts, families forgot to bring all medication bottles to clinic, and interviews were compromised by social desirability and difficulty reaching families by telephone. Most patients and caregivers believed study participation improved the child's adherence, although PASP ratings were unrelated to adherence at the study endpoint. While MEMS may be most reliable, pill counts offer comparable data and are less costly, while interviews seemed least accurate in this study. Most participants reported positive perceptions of their research experience. A consensus among researchers is needed for defining and measuring adherence, and specific recommendations are offered for achieving this goal. C1 [Martin, Staci; Elliott-DeSorbo, Deborah K.; Calabrese, Sarah; Wolters, Pamela L.; Roby, Gregg; Brennan, Tara; Wood, Lauren V.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Martin, Staci; Wolters, Pamela L.] Med Illness Counseling Ctr, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Elliott-DeSorbo, Deborah K.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Roby, Gregg] NIAID, Intramural Clin Management & Operat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Brennan, Tara] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Wood, Lauren V.] Ctr Canc Res, Vaccine Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), 9030 Old Georgetown Rd,Room 107, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM martins@mail.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and by federal contracts N01-SC-07006 and HHSN261200477004C. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1089/apc.2009.0021 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 484RC UT WOS:000269063600003 PM 19591601 ER PT J AU Gerami, P Jewell, SS Morrison, LE Blondin, B Schulz, J Ruffalo, T Matushek, P Legator, M Jacobson, K Dalton, SR Charzan, S Kolaitis, NA Guitart, J Lertsbarapa, T Boone, S LeBoit, PE Bastian, BC AF Gerami, Pedram Jewell, Susan S. Morrison, Larry E. Blondin, Beth Schulz, John Ruffalo, Teresa Matushek, Paul Legator, Mona Jacobson, Kristine Dalton, Scott R. Charzan, Susan Kolaitis, Nicholas A. Guitart, Joan Lertsbarapa, Terakeith Boone, Susan LeBoit, Philip E. Bastian, Boris C. TI Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) as an Ancillary Diagnostic Tool in the Diagnosis of Melanoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE melanoma; Spitz nevi; FISH; Spitz tumor ID SPORADIC DYSPLASTIC NEVUS; HISTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; MELANOCYTIC NEVI; LESIONS; PATHOLOGISTS; DISCORDANCE AB Although the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of some melanomas is clear-cut, there are many histopathologic simulators of melanoma that pose problems. Over-diagnosis of melanoma can lead to inappropriate therapy and psychologic burdens, whereas under-diagnosis can lead to inadequate treatment of a deadly cancer. We used existing data on DNA copy number alterations in melanoma to assemble panels of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes suitable for the analysis of paraffin-em bedded tissue. Using FISH data from a training set of 301 tumors, we established a discriminatory algorithm and validated it on an independent set of 169 unequivocal nevi and melanomas as well as 27 cases with ambiguous pathology, for which we had long-term follow-up data. An algorithm-using signal counts from a combination of 4 probes targeting chromosome 6p25, 6 centromere, 6q23, and 11q13 provided the highest diagnostic discrimination. This algorithm correctly classified melanoma with 86.7% sensitivity and 95.4% specificity in the validation cohort. The test also correctly identified as melanoma all 6 of 6 cases with ambiguous pathology that later metastasized. There was a significant difference in the metastasis free survival between test-positive and negative cases with ambiguous pathology (P = 0.003). Sufficient chromosomal alterations are present in melanoma that a limited panel of FISH probes can distinguish most melanomas from most nevi, providing useful diagnostic information in cases that cannot be classified reliably by current methods. As a diagnostic aid to traditional histologic evaluation, this assay can have significant clinical impact and improve classification of melanocytic neoplasms with conflicting morphologic criteria. C1 [Charzan, Susan; Kolaitis, Nicholas A.; LeBoit, Philip E.; Bastian, Boris C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Charzan, Susan; Kolaitis, Nicholas A.; LeBoit, Philip E.; Bastian, Boris C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Gerami, Pedram; Guitart, Joan; Lertsbarapa, Terakeith; Boone, Susan] Northwestern Univ, Dept Dermatol, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gerami, Pedram; Guitart, Joan; Lertsbarapa, Terakeith; Boone, Susan] Northwestern Univ, Lurie Canc Ctr, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jewell, Susan S.; Morrison, Larry E.; Blondin, Beth; Schulz, John; Ruffalo, Teresa; Matushek, Paul; Legator, Mona; Jacobson, Kristine] Abbott Mol Labs, Des Plaines, IL USA. [Dalton, Scott R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bastian, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM bastian@cc.ucsf.edu FU Abbott Molecular FX This study was partially supported by Abbott Molecular. NR 36 TC 200 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1156 PG 11 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 481YR UT WOS:000268850300004 PM 19561450 ER PT J AU Propper, BW Rasmussen, TE Davidson, SB VandenBerg, SL Clouse, WD Burkhardt, GE Gifford, SM Johannigman, JA AF Propper, Brandon W. Rasmussen, Todd E. Davidson, Scott B. VandenBerg, Sheri L. Clouse, W. Darrin Burkhardt, Gabe E. Gifford, Shaun M. Johannigman, Jay A. TI Surgical Response to Multiple Casualty Incidents Following Single Explosive Events SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE mass casualty; trauma surgery; explosive devices; transfusion ID MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; TRAUMA PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRODUCTS; EXPERIENCE; PATTERNS; DISASTER; INJURY; PLASMA; ISRAEL; CARE AB Background: Modem publications on response to single explosive events are from non-US hospitals, predate current resuscitation guidelines and lack detail on surgical and intensive care unit (ICU) requirements. The objective of this study is to provide a contemporary account of surge response to multiple casualty incidences following explosive events managed at a US trauma hospital in Iraq. Methods: Observational study and retrospective chart review of 72-hour transfusion, operating room, and ICU resource utilization front 3 multiple casualty incidences managed at the US Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad AB, Iraq between February and April 2008. Results: Fifty patients were treated with a mean injury severity score of 19. Forty-eight percent (n = 24) of casualties required blood transfusion with 4 patients receiving 43% (N = 74 units) of the packed red blood cells (pRBC). An average of 3.5 and 3.8 units of pRBC and plasma, respectively, was transfused per casualty (pRBC:plasma ratio of 1:1.1). Seventy-six percent (n = 38) of patients required immediate operation upon initial presentation. A total of 191 procedures were performed in parallel during 75 operations (3.8 procedures per casualty). Fifty percent (n = 25) of patients required ICU admission with nearly the same number (n = 24) requiring mechanical ventilator support beyond that required for operation. All cause, in-hospital mortality was 8% (n = 4). Conclusions: Results from this study provide a contemporary assessment of transfusion, surgical, and intensive care resource requirements after a single explosive event. Data from this experience may translate into useful guidelines for emergency planners worldwide. C1 [Propper, Brandon W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Burkhardt, Gabe E.; Gifford, Shaun M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Johannigman, Jay A.] Air Force Theater Hosp, Expedit Med Grp 332, Balad Air Base, Iraq. [Davidson, Scott B.; VandenBerg, Sheri L.] Bronson Methodist Hosp, Trauma Burn & Surg Crit Care Program, Kalamazoo, MI USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.; Davidson, Scott B.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Johannigman, Jay A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 250 IS 2 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ae34a2 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 482GS UT WOS:000268873400023 PM 19638925 ER PT J AU Davidson, ME Kerepesi, LA Soto, A Chan, VT AF Davidson, Molly E. Kerepesi, Laura A. Soto, Armando Chan, Victor T. TI D-Serine exposure resulted in gene expression changes implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and neuronal dysfunction in male Fischer 344 rats SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE D-Serine; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor; Transcriptomic profiling; Pathway analysis; Neuronal dysfunction ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; N-TERMINAL KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; NUCLEOSOME REMODELING FACTOR; WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; C-JUN; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NMDA-RECEPTORS AB d-Serine, an endogenous amino acid, is involved in many physiological processes through its interaction with the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It has important roles in development, learning, and cell death signaling. Recent evidence suggests that decreased function of the NMDA receptor is related to the etiology of schizophrenia, and the use of d-serine as add-on therapy is beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of treatment-refractory schizophrenia. The NMDA receptor also plays a major role in neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration mediated by excitatory amino acid toxicity in ischemia, epilepsy, and trauma. Due to its co-activator function, d-serine can markedly potentiate NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. To investigate potential adverse effects of d-serine treatment, we investigated gene expression changes in the forebrain of male F-344 rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of d-serine (5, 20, 50, 200, or 500 mg/kg) at 96 h post-treatment. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 arrays revealed that d-serine treatment resulted in up- and down-regulation of 134 and 52 genes, respectively, based on the common genes identified using three statistical methods, i.e. t test (p < 0.01 over two consecutive doses), ANOVA (with adjusted Bonferonni correction for multiple testing) and significance analysis of microarray (SAM). Self organized map (SOM) clustering analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed two clusters, one with all 134 up-regulated probe sets and the other with all 52 down-regulated probe sets. The dose-response pattern of the down-regulated cluster showed nearly a perfect mirror image of that of the up-regulated one. Gene ontology analysis revealed that pathways implicated in neuronal functions and/or neurodegenerative disorders are over-represented among the differentially expressed genes. Specifically, genes involved in vesicle-mediated transport, endocytosis, ubiquitin conjugation pathway, regulation of actin filament polymerization/depolymerization, focal adhesion, Wnt signaling, and insulin signaling were up-regulated, while genes involved in RNA metabolism/splicing/processing and Notch signaling were down-regulated. Consistent with this finding, pathway analysis using GenMAPP showed a significant number of differentially expressed genes in these pathways. In addition, the GenMAPP result also showed activation of the signaling pathways of several proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha), which might suggest the onset of neuroinflammation. Biological association network analysis showed that several nuclear factors implicated in transcription regulation (including Taf1, Max, Myc, and Hnf4a) are highly connected to a large number of up-regulated genes. While the transcript levels of these transcription factors were not changed, their connections to Ddx3x, a gene involved in mRNA processing and translation initiation, raise the possibility that they may be up-regulated at the post-transcriptional level. The observation that Ubqln1 and Ube2d, two differentially expressed genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, are highly connected in this network suggests a role of ubiquitination proteasome pathway in response to d-serine exposure. This finding is consistent with the result of gene ontology analysis and suggests that d-serine treatment might result in damage to cellular proteins and subsequent up-regulation of ubiquitination proteasome pathway to clar these damaged proteins. In summary, d-serine exposure resulted in perturbation of a number of pathways implicated in neuronal functions and neurodegenerative disorders. However, activation of cellular response to counter the toxic effects of d-serine might be hindered due to the down-regulation of such important cellular machinery like RNA metabolism, splicing and processing. Consequently, cell damage might be further exacerbated. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential impacts of d-serine exposure on neuronal functions. C1 [Davidson, Molly E.; Soto, Armando; Chan, Victor T.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Area B Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kerepesi, Laura A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Davidson, Molly E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Chan, VT (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Area B Wright Patterson AFB, 711th Human Performance Wing,Bldg 837,2729 R St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Molly.Davidson@wpafb.af.mil; victor.chan@wpafb.af.mil NR 98 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 83 IS 8 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s00204-009-0405-3 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 477UB UT WOS:000268543300002 PM 19212759 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Kahler, SW Tylka, AJ AF Reames, D. V. Kahler, S. W. Tylka, A. J. TI ANOMALOUS COSMIC RAYS AS PROBES OF MAGNETIC CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; interplanetary medium; shock waves; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SOLAR MINIMUM; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; 1 AU; SPECTRA; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE; MODULATION; COMPONENT; ELECTRONS AB We report, for the first time, the observation near the Earth of anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) particles throughout the interiors of interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs) at the same intensity as outside the MCs. ACRs, accelerated in the outer heliosphere, have unique elemental abundances making their identity unambiguous as they probe these clouds from the outside. Thus, MCs, carried out from the Sun by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are seen to contain no structures that are magnetically closed to the penetration of ions with energies above a few MeV amu(-1). As the MCs expand outward, they must fill their increasing volume with ACRs dynamically, to the same degree as neighboring "open" field lines. These observations cast doubt on conventional ideas about the closed field topologies of MCs and the cross-field transport of energetic particles. The ACR observations conflict with some reports of significant exclusion from MCs of solar energetic particles (SEPs) of comparable energy and rigidity. A process that allows cross-field transport of ACRs may also allow similar transport of SEPs late in events, causing the large spatial extent and uniformity of SEPs in "invariant spectral regions" extending far behind CME-driven shock waves. C1 [Reames, D. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kahler, S. W.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Tylka, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dvreames@umd.edu RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU NASA [NNX08AQ02G, DPR NNG06EC55I]; AFOSR [2301RDZ4]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank Frank McDonald for helpful discussions. Work by D. V. R. was funded in part by NASA grant NNX08AQ02G, S. W. K. was supported by AFOSR work unit 2301RDZ4, and A.J.T. was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA DPR NNG06EC55I. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP L196 EP L199 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L196 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472UJ UT WOS:000268157500032 ER PT J AU Lollis, BD Marsh, RW Sowin, TW Thompson, WT AF Lollis, Blake D. Marsh, Royden W. Sowin, Timothy W. Thompson, William T. TI Major Depressive Disorder in Military Aviators: A Retrospective Study of Prevalence SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military aviators; epidemiology; depression; waiver ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT AB LOLLIS BD, MARSH RW, SOWIN TW, THOMPSON WT. Major depressive disorder in military aviators: a retrospective study of prevalence. Aviat Space Environ Med 2009; 80:734-7. Introduction: The occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among military pilots and navigators poses questions with respect to medical care and waiver policy, but the prevalence of such disorders is unclear. We studied the epidemiology of MDD in a USAF aircrew population. Methods: The occurrence of MDD was determined for the period 2001-2006 using the USAF Aeromedical Information Management Waiver Tracking System, which records medical disqualifications and waivers for the entire population of both qualified and disqualified (grounded) USAF aviators. Results: The mean annual population of USAF pilots and navigators averaged 17,781 during the study period. The database yielded 51 cases of MDD, of which 8 were recurrent and 43 were single episodes. All of the recurrent cases were disqualified, while 18 of the single-episode cases (42%) received a flying waiver after being asymptomatic without medications for at least 6 mo. Estimated annual MDD prevalence was 0.06% for the study population. In comparison, the annual prevalence of MDD is 6.7% in the general U.S. population, 2.8% among groups of executives and 4.1% among professionals. Odds ratios were 128 (68,238), 51 (27,96), and 76 (41,142) for the general population, executives, and professionals, respectively. Discussion: Annual MDD prevalence among USAF pilots and navigators was significantly lower than that of the general U.S. population. The difference may reflect lower aircrew vulnerability to depression because of selection and training processes or lower rates of self-report and treatment due to feared aeromedical and/or career consequences. C1 [Lollis, Blake D.; Marsh, Royden W.; Sowin, Timothy W.; Thompson, William T.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lollis, BD (reprint author), 7806 Toumey Oak Dr, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. EM blakelori83@earthlink.net NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 8 BP 734 EP 737 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2484.2009 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 477SL UT WOS:000268538900010 PM 19653579 ER PT J AU Schultz, NB Matthews, G Warm, JS Washburn, DA AF Schultz, Natasha B. Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. Washburn, David A. TI A transcranial Doppler sonography study of shoot/don't-shoot responding SO BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS LA English DT Article ID FLOW VELOCITY CHANGES; CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS; VIGILANCE; TASKS; PERFORMANCE AB The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in cerebral blood-flow velocity and performance on a speeded shoot/don't-shoot task. Brain activity as indicated by cerebral blood-flow velocity (hemovelocity) was recorded using the transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. A shoot/don't-shoot decision-making task presented participants with threat/nonthreat stimuli in the form of bull's-eye images of various colors. Participants were required to shoot threat targets using a laser-modified handgun. Results support a vigilance decrement in both the performance measures and hemovelocity. Performance, as measured by reaction time, number of hits, and marksmanship, decreased across the length of the vigil. Hemovelocity slowed across the left and fight hemispheres as the task progressed, and hemovelocity was slower in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere. C1 [Washburn, David A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Washburn, DA (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM dwashburn@gsu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 38051, P01 HD060563, P01 HD038051] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 1554-351X J9 BEHAV RES METHODS JI Behav. Res. Methods PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.3758/BRM.41.3.593 PG 5 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 471WG UT WOS:000268088400002 PM 19587168 ER PT J AU Schwendiman, MN Beachkofsky, TM Wisco, OJ Owens, NM Hodson, DS AF Schwendiman, Mark N. Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Wisco, Oliver J. Owens, Nicole M. Hodson, Darryl S. TI Primary Cutaneous Nodular Amyloidosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Review ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; COLLOID MILIUM AB Primary cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PCNA) is a rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis. It presents as waxy yellow-red nodules that are located preferentially on the lower extremities, face, scalp, and genitals. Recognition of this condition is of particular importance, as primary systemic amyloidosis can have a similar cutaneous presentation. We report a case of PCNA in a 52-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren syndrome (SS). We discuss the need to evaluate for systemic disease and provide a concise review of the literature focusing on clinical presentation, disease associations, and management. Cutis. 2009;84:87-92 C1 [Schwendiman, Mark N.] Des Moines Univ, Coll Osteopath Med & Surg, Iowa City, IA USA. [Beachkofsky, Thomas M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beachkofsky, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.beachkofsky@lackland.af.mil NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 488QE UT WOS:000269364000006 PM 19746766 ER PT J AU Wisco, OJ Wentzell, JM AF Wisco, Oliver J. Wentzell, J. Michael TI When an M is a V: Vector Analysis Calls for Redesign of the M-Plasty SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article AB The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. C1 [Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Wentzell, J. Michael] Billings Clin, Dept Dermatol, Billings, MT USA. RP Wisco, OJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oliver.wisco@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1271 EP 1276 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01223.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 476YG UT WOS:000268482100015 PM 19469795 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Smith, BD Garden, AS Rosenthal, DI Sherman, SI Morrison, WH Schwartz, DL Weber, RS Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Grace L. Smith, Benjamin D. Garden, Adam S. Rosenthal, David I. Sherman, Steven I. Morrison, William H. Schwartz, David L. Weber, Randal S. Buchholz, Thomas A. TI HYPOTHYROIDISM IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER AFTER TREATMENT WITH RADIATION: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article DE head and neck cancer; hypothyroidism; radiation; toxicity; survivorship ID RADIOTHERAPY; COMORBIDITY; CARCINOMAS; THERAPY; CLAIMS; WOMEN AB Background. In patients with head and neck cancer, radiation treatment (RT) is a risk factor for hypothyroidism. However, the specific magnitude of risk after RT in older patients is not known. Methods. We identified 5916 patients (age > 65 years) from SEER-Medicare diagnosed with head and neck cancer from 1992 to 2002. Proportional hazards models compared hypothyroidism risk after any RT versus surgery alone. Results. In patients treated with RT. 5-year incidence of hypothyroidism was 20% and 10-year incidence was 59%; in patients treated with surgery alone, incidence was 7% and 39% (p<.001), Patients treated with RT had increased adjusted risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74-2.62), persisting for up to 10 years of follow-up (HR = 1,85, 95% CI = 1.39-2.44 from 5 to 10 years). Conclusion, In older patients with head and neck cancer, RT is associated with elevated hypothyroidism risk. As onset may be delayed for years, patients may require lifelong thyroid function screening after treatment. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 31: 1031-1038, 2009 C1 [Smith, Grace L.; Smith, Benjamin D.; Garden, Adam S.; Rosenthal, David I.; Morrison, William H.; Schwartz, David L.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol Flight, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sherman, Steven I.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Weber, Randal S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Buchholz, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbuchhol@mdanderson.org OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093; Sherman, Steven/0000-0002-3079-5153 FU The University of Texas Mr D. Anderson Cancer Center American Society of Clinical Oncology FX Contract grant sponsors: The University of Texas Mr D. Anderson Cancer Center American Society of Clinical Oncology. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD AUG PY 2009 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1002/hed.21066 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 477PB UT WOS:000268529900007 PM 19360741 ER PT J AU Dempsey, T Sahin, G Morton, YT Hopper, CM AF Dempsey, Tae Sahin, Gokhan Morton, Y. T. (Jade) Hopper, Chahira M. TI Intelligent Sensing and Classification in Ad Hoc Networks: A Case Study SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Wireless ad hoc networks have fundamentally altered today's battlefield, with applications ranging from unmanned air vehicles to randomly deployed sensor networks. Security and vulnerabilities in wireless ad hoc networks have been considered at different layers, and many attack strategies have been proposed, including denial of service (DoS) through the intelligent jamming of the most critical packet types of flows in a network. This investigates the effectiveness of intelligent jamming in wireless ad hoc networks using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and TCP protocols and introduces an intelligent classifier to facilitate the jamming of such networks. Assuming encrypted packet headers and contents, our classifier is based solely on the observable characteristics of size, inter-arrival timing, and direction and classifies packets with up to 99.4% accuracy in our experiments. C1 [Dempsey, Tae] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Hopper, Chahira M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYRE, Dayton, OH USA. RP Dempsey, T (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. OI Sahin, Gokhan/0000-0003-2977-3632 FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI); Air Force Research Lab/DAGSI Research [401374]; State of Ohio FX This work has been supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) through the Air Force Research Lab/DAGSI Research Fellowship Award 401374 awarded by the State of Ohio. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 490EX UT WOS:000269482600005 ER PT J AU Jung, SY Suchalkin, S Kipshidze, G Westerfeld, D Snyder, D Johnson, M Belenky, G AF Jung, Seungyong Suchalkin, Sergey Kipshidze, Gela Westerfeld, David Snyder, Donald Johnson, Matthew Belenky, Gregory TI GaSb-Based Type I Quantum-Well Light-Emitting Diode Addressable Array Operated at Wavelengths Up to 3.66 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Infrared (IR) scene projection; mid-infrared (mid-IR) light-emitting diode (LED); type I AB Type I GaSb-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been demonstrated while operating at room temperature at wavelengths up to 3.66 mu m with approximately 200 mu W of quasi-continuous-wave optical power. A mid-infrared 6 x 6 addressable array of Type I LEDs was also demonstrated. C1 [Jung, Seungyong; Kipshidze, Gela; Belenky, Gregory] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Suchalkin, Sergey; Westerfeld, David] Power Photon Corp, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Snyder, Donald; Johnson, Matthew] Eglin AFB, AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Jung, SY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM seung@ece.sunysb.edu; suchal@ece.sunysb.edu; gela@ece.sunysb.edu; davidwester-feld@yahoo.com; snyder@eglin.af.mil; matthew.johnson@eglin.af.mil; garik@ece.sunysb.edu FU United States Air Force [FA8651-07-C-0152]; ARO [W911NF0610399] FX This work was supported by the United States Air Force under Contract FA8651-07-C-0152 and by ARO grant W911NF0610399. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 15 BP 1087 EP 1089 DI 10.1109/LPT.2009.2022843 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 474KT UT WOS:000268282900003 ER PT J AU Gustafson, SC Costello, CS Like, EC Pierce, SJ Shenoy, KN AF Gustafson, Steven C. Costello, Christopher S. Like, Eric C. Pierce, Scott J. Shenoy, Kiran N. TI Bayesian Threshold Estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; entropy maximization; posterior density; prior density; threshold time AB Bayesian estimation of a threshold time (hereafter simply threshold) for the receipt of impulse signals is accomplished given the following: 1) data, consisting of the number of impulses received in a time interval from zero to one and the time of the largest time impulse; 2) a model, consisting of a uniform probability density of impulse time from zero to the threshold, and constituting the probability density from which the data impulses are drawn randomly and independently; and 3) a prior probability density of threshold which is linear from a positive initial threshold to one and that is zero otherwise, or which is uniform from zero to one. The posterior probability density of threshold is found with the number of impulses, the time of the largest time impulse, and the initial threshold as parameters, and with the first two parameters fixed, the initial threshold is found that maximizes the entropy of the posterior probability density. It is shown that for some values of initial threshold, including the value that maximizes entropy, the following three estimates of threshold from the posterior probability density are all different: the maximum (maximum a posteriori or MAP estimate), the mean (mean squared error or MMSE estimate), and the maximum for a uniform prior probability density (maximum likelihood or ML estimate). This easily understood and practical Bayesian threshold estimation problem has two aspects of pedagogical interest: 1) the problem is unusual in that the MAP, MMSE, and ML estimates are generally different-in typical problems with Gaussian or uniform models and prior probability densities, at least two of these three estimates are equal; 2) the problem constitutes a clear illustration of how an unknown parameter in the prior probability density (here, initial threshold) may be specified so as to achieve a desired property for the posterior probability density (here, maximum entropy). C1 [Gustafson, Steven C.; Costello, Christopher S.; Like, Eric C.; Pierce, Scott J.; Shenoy, Kiran N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gustafson, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.gustafson@afit.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 400 EP 403 DI 10.1109/TE.2008.930092 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 480SE UT WOS:000268756300013 ER PT J AU Srinivasa, G Fickus, MC Guo, YS Linstedt, AD Kovacevic, J AF Srinivasa, Gowri Fickus, Matthew C. Guo, Yusong Linstedt, Adam D. Kovacevic, Jelena TI Active Mask Segmentation of Fluorescence Microscope Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Active contours; active masks; cellular automata; fluorescence microscope; multiresolution; multiscale; segmentation ID LEVEL SET APPROACH; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT; VARIATIONAL METHOD; MOTION; WAVELETS; CONTOURS; ALGORITHM; DISEASES; BIOLOGY; CELLS AB We propose a new active mask algorithm for the segmentation of fluorescence microscope images of punctate patterns. It combines the (a) flexibility offered by active-contour methods, (b) speed offered by multiresolution methods, (c) smoothing offered by multiscale methods, and (d) statistical modeling offered by region-growing methods into a fast and accurate segmentation tool. The framework moves from the idea of the "contour" to that of "inside and outside," or masks, allowing for easy multidimensional segmentation. It adapts to the topology of the image through the use of multiple masks. The algorithm is almost invariant under initialization, allowing for random initialization, and uses a few easily tunable parameters. Experiments show that the active mask algorithm matches the ground truth well and outperforms the algorithm widely used in fluorescence microscopy, seeded watershed, both qualitatively, as well as quantitatively. C1 [Srinivasa, Gowri] PES Sch Engn, Dept Informat Sci & Engn, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Srinivasa, Gowri] PES Sch Engn, Ctr Pattern Recognit, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Fickus, Matthew C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guo, Yusong; Linstedt, Adam D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Srinivasa, G (reprint author), PES Sch Engn, Dept Informat Sci & Engn, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R03 EB008870-01, R03 EB008870, R03-EB008870]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM056779, R01-GM-56779] NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1817 EP 1829 DI 10.1109/TIP.2009.2021081 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 471CV UT WOS:000268033300011 PM 19380268 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI "Vague-to-Crisp" Neural Mechanism of Perception SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Brain imaging; brain mechanisms; cognition; cognitive engineering; dynamic logic; neural mechanisms; neural networks; object recognition; perception; "vague-to-crisp" ID IMPROVED TRACKING; VISUAL-CORTEX; RECOGNITION; NETWORKS AB This brief describes neural modeling fields (NMFs) for object perception, a bio-inspired paradigm. We discuss previous difficulties in object perception algorithms encountered since the 1950s, and describe how NMF overcomes these difficulties. NMF mechanisms are compared to recent experimental neuroimaging observations, which have demonstrated that initial top-down signals are vague and during perception they evolve into crisp representations matching the bottom-up signals from observed objects. Neural and mathematical mechanisms are described and future research directions outlined. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [05SN02COR] FX Manuscript received November 25, 2008; revised May 18, 2009; accepted June 09, 2009. First published July 21, 2009; current version published August 05, 2009. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the Laboratory Task 05SN02COR (PM Dr. Jon Sjogren). NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1363 EP 1367 DI 10.1109/TNN.2009.2025501 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 480SJ UT WOS:000268756800014 PM 19628456 ER PT J AU Pack, DJ DeLima, P Toussaint, GJ York, G AF Pack, Daniel J. DeLima, Pedro Toussaint, Gregory J. York, George TI Cooperative Control of UAVs for Localization of Intermittently Emitting Mobile Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative; distributed control; localization; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ID ROBOTS AB Compared with a single platform, cooperative autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer efficiency and robustness in performing complex tasks. Focusing on ground mobile targets that intermittently emit radio frequency signals, this paper presents a decentralized control architecture for multiple UAVs, equipped only with rudimentary sensors, to search, detect, and locate targets over large areas. The proposed architecture has in its core a decision logic which governs the state of operation for each UAV based on sensor readings and communicated data. To support the findings, extensive simulation results are presented, focusing primarily on two success measures that the UAVs seek to minimize: overall time to search for a group of targets and the final target localization error achieved. The results of the simulations have provided support for hardware flight tests. C1 [Pack, Daniel J.; DeLima, Pedro; Toussaint, Gregory J.; York, George] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.edu; pedro.lima@usafa.edu; gregory.toussaint@usafa.edu; george.york@usafa.edu NR 24 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 959 EP 970 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2008.2010865 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 468ZX UT WOS:000267865200014 PM 19473935 ER PT J AU Hersey, RK Melvin, WL McClellan, JH Culpepper, E AF Hersey, R. K. Melvin, W. L. McClellan, J. H. Culpepper, E. TI Adaptive ground clutter suppression for conformal array radar systems SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon ID HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; PERFORMANCE; STAP AB Conformal arrays (CFAs) possess certain desirable characteristics for deployment on unmanned aerial vehicles and other payload-limited platforms. However, the CFA non-planar geometry induces clutter non-stationarity, resulting in elevated signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) loss when applying conventional space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms. Non-stationary clutter leads to covariance matrix estimation error and, consequently, an erroneous STAP frequency response. In this study, the authors examine two practical conformal antenna configurations: a belly-mounted canoe and a nose-mounted, chined shape. Using high-fidelity signal models, the authors show traditional STAP losses in excess of 10 dB because of the effects of clutter non-stationarity. The authors then investigate a number of ameliorating techniques compatible with standard STAP implementation, including localised processing, localised processing with time-varying weights, equivalent uniform linear array transformation, angle-Doppler warping and higher-order angle-Doppler warping. The authors demonstrate very good performance for the higher-order angle-Doppler warping method applied to the chined radome shape, with peak adaptive SINR losses reduced from nearly 16 dB for the uncompensated case to 3 dB of loss consistent with performance attainable in a homogeneous clutter environment. The authors also find good performance for three-dimensional angle-Doppler warping over azimuth, elevation and Doppler when applied to the tapered canoe shape, with uncompensated losses of roughly 14 dB reduced to 3 dB, again a level compatible with STAP applied in a homogeneous clutter environment. The authors thus show that CFA STAP can yield performance similar to that of a conventional planar array when using appropriate compensation methods. C1 [Hersey, R. K.; Melvin, W. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Melvin, W. L.; McClellan, J. H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Signal & Image Proc, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hersey, RK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bill.melvin@gtri.gatech.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 357 EP 372 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2008.0149 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 492AZ UT WOS:000269627600007 ER PT J AU Xue, JM Chen, X Selby, D Hung, CY Yu, JJ Cole, GT AF Xue, Jianmin Chen, Xia Selby, Dale Hung, Chiung-Yu Yu, Jieh-Juen Cole, Garry T. TI A Genetically Engineered Live Attenuated Vaccine of Coccidioides posadasii Protects BALB/c Mice against Coccidioidomycosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; IMMITIS INFECTION; CHITINASE; SEQUENCE; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; CONTRIBUTES; DISRUPTION; EXPRESSION; CALIFORNIA AB Coccidioidomycosis (also known as San Joaquin Valley fever) is an occupational disease. Workers exposed to outdoor dust which contains spores of the soil-inhabiting fungus have a significantly increased risk of respiratory infection. In addition, people with compromised T-cell immunity, the elderly, and certain racial groups, particularly African-Americans and Filipinos, who live in regions of endemicity in the southwestern United States have an elevated incidence of symptomatic infection caused by inhalation of spores of Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis. Recurring epidemics and escalation of medical costs have helped to motivate production of a vaccine against valley fever. The major focus has been the development of a defined, T-cell-reactive, recombinant protein vaccine. However, none of the products described to date have provided full protection to coccidioidal disease-susceptible BALB/c mice. Here we describe the first genetically engineered, live, attenuated vaccine that protects both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice against coccidioidomycosis. Two chitinase genes (CTS2 and CTS3) were disrupted to yield the attenuated strain, which was unable to endosporulate and was no longer infectious. Vaccinated survivors mounted an immune response characterized by production of both T-helper-1- and T-helper-2-type cytokines. Histology revealed well-formed granulomas and markedly diminished inflammation. Significantly fewer organisms were observed in the lungs of survivors than in those of nonvaccinated mice. Additional investigations are required to further define the nature of the live, attenuated vaccine-induced immunity against Coccidioides infection. C1 [Xue, Jianmin; Chen, Xia; Hung, Chiung-Yu; Yu, Jieh-Juen; Cole, Garry T.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xue, Jianmin; Chen, Xia; Hung, Chiung-Yu; Yu, Jieh-Juen; Cole, Garry T.] Univ Texas San Antonio, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Selby, Dale] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cole, GT (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM garry.cole@utsa.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health [AI071118]; California HealthCare Foundation; Margaret Batts Tobin Foundation, San Antonio, TX FX Support for this study was provided by Public Health Service grant AI071118 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health. Additional support for this project was provided by the California HealthCare Foundation and the Margaret Batts Tobin Foundation, San Antonio, TX. NR 53 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 3196 EP 3208 DI 10.1128/IAI.00459-09 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 471ZX UT WOS:000268098400008 PM 19487479 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Smith, GL Roberts, KB Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Benjamin D. Smith, Grace L. Roberts, Kenneth B. Buchholz, Thomas A. TI BASELINE UTILIZATION OF BREAST RADIOTHERAPY BEFORE INSTITUTION OF THE MEDICARE PRACTICE QUALITY REPORTING INITIATIVE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Breast Cancer Symposium of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY SEP 05-07, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol DE Breast neoplasms; Breast conserving therapy; Radiotherapy; Quality of care; Pay-for-performance ID CLINICAL COMORBIDITY INDEX; CONSERVING SURGERY; RADIATION-THERAPY; OLDER WOMEN; ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY; CONSERVATION THERAPY; CANCER PATIENTS; CLAIMS DATA; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL AB Purpose: In 2007, Medicare implemented the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI), which provides financial incentives to physicians who report their performance on certain quality measures. PQRI measure #74 recommends radiotherapy for patients treated with conservative surgery (CS) for invasive breast cancer. As a first step in evaluating the potential impact of this measure, we assessed baseline use of radiotherapy among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer before implementation of PQRI. Methods and Materials: Using the SEER-Medicare data set, we identified women aged 66-70 diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and treated with CS between 2000 and 2002. Treatment with radiotherapy was determined using SEER and claims data. Multivariate logistic regression tested whether receipt of radiotherapy varied significantly across clinical, pathologic, and treatment covariates. Results: Of 3,674 patients, 94% (3,445) received radiotherapy. In adjusted analysis, the presence of comorbid illness (odds ratio [OR] 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.42) and unmarried marital status were associated with omission of radiotherapy (OR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.20). In contrast, receipt of chemotherapy was protective against omission of radiotherapy (OR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16-0.38). Race and geographic region did not correlate with radiotherapy utilization. Conclusions: Utilization of radiotherapy following CS was high for patients treated before institution of PQRI, suggesting that at most 6% of patients could benefit from measure #74. Further research is needed to determine whether institution of PQRI will affect radiotherapy utilization. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.; Smith, Grace L.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Roberts, Kenneth B.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bensmith@alumni.rice.edu OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1506 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.012 PG 7 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 475GH UT WOS:000268346100030 PM 19395182 ER PT J AU Rosner, JW Thal, AE West, CJ AF Rosner, James W. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. West, Christopher J. TI Analysis of the Design-Build Delivery Method in Air Force Construction Projects SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The design-build (DB) method for construction project delivery continues to grow in both the private and public sector; additionally, research has shown that the DB method outperforms the design-bid-build (DBB) method. The Air Force has applied the results of these previous research efforts to its military construction (MILCON) program without performing empirical studies to validate the approach. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the performance of the DB delivery method with the traditional DBB approach for the Air Force MILCON program. Data related to 835 (278 DB and 557 DBB) MILCON projects for fiscal years 1996-2006 were subsequently analyzed. The DB method had better performance in three of six metrics with the performance being significantly better for cost growth and the number of modifications per million dollars. The traditional DBB method performed significantly better in terms of total project time. Furthermore, the DB method was best suited for various facility types. This study provides empirical evidence of how the DB method provides an advantage over the traditional DBB method for Air Force MILCON projects. C1 [Rosner, James W.; Thal, Alfred E., Jr.; West, Christopher J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM al.thal@afit.edu FU Air Force organizations; Air Combat Command; Air Force Material Command; United States Air Force Academy; Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment FX The writers appreciate the support received from the following Air Force organizations in the facilitation of this research: Air Combat Command, Air Force Material Command, the United States Air Force Academy, and the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2009 VL 135 IS 8 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000029 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 471NO UT WOS:000268065400005 ER PT J AU Rebmann, T Clements, BW Bailey, JA Evans, RG AF Rebmann, Terri Clements, Bruce W. Bailey, Jeffrey A. Evans, R. Gregory TI ORGANOPHOSPHATE ANTIDOTE AUTO-INJECTORS VS. TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATION: A TIME MOTION STUDY SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chemical terrorism; time and motion studies; antidotes; auto injector ID ATROPINE; DEVICE AB Organophosphates may be used as weapons in chemical attacks on civilian or military populations. Antidotes are available to counter the effects of organophosphates, but they must be administered shortly after exposure. Timing required to administer organophosphate antidotes using traditional equipment vs. auto-injectors has not been studied. This study is intended to quantify and compare the time required to administer organophosphate antidotes using traditional equipment vs. auto-injectors in different treatment conditions. The study was a randomized, un-blinded design. There were 62 participants assigned to one of three groups: Mark I, ATNAA (antidote treatment nerve agent auto-injector), and traditional needle/syringe; however, the results from only 56 participants could be analyzed. Injection trials were videotaped. Subjects also completed a 14-item survey containing demographic questions, perceived ease of injection, receipt of prior training, and preferred training format for organophosphate treatment. Injection time differentials were compared using one-way analysis of variance; post hoc evaluation was performed using the Scheffe test with Bonferroni correction. Fifty-six subjects completed this study. The ATNAA required less time to administer than the Mark I or traditional needle/syringe devices (p < .001). There was no difference in time to administer the Mark I auto-injectors vs. a traditional needle/syringe. There were no differences between injection time and occupation, receipt of prior training, wearing of personal protective equipment, or perceived ease of injection device use. The use of auto-injectors shortens response time for administering organophosphate antidote treatment. An ATNAA auto-injector can be administered in less than half the time it takes to administer a single injection using a needle and syringe or two injections using a Mark I. Mark I can be administered in approximately the same amount of time it takes to administer a single injection using a needle and syringe. The difference between injection time for the ATNAA and needle and syringe would have been even larger if two injections were given with the needle and syringe. The wearing or absence of personal protective equipment does not affect injection time. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rebmann, Terri; Evans, R. Gregory] St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Biosecur, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [Clements, Bruce W.] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Ctr Emergency Response & Terrorism, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Bailey, Jeffrey A.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. RP Rebmann, T (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Biosecur, 3545 Lafayette Suite 300, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc FX This study was partially funded by a grant from Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.09.043 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 494LF UT WOS:000269813600006 PM 18514464 ER PT J AU Beachkofsky, TM Wisco, OJ Owens, NM Hodson, DS AF Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Wisco, Oliver J. Owens, Nicole M. Hodson, Darryl S. TI Verrucous nodules on the ankle SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NARROW-BAND UVB; LICHEN-PLANUS; ACITRETIN C1 [Beachkofsky, Thomas M.; Wisco, Oliver J.; Owens, Nicole M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hodson, Darryl S.] Skin Surg Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Beachkofsky, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM wiscoderm@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 8 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 478QV UT WOS:000268603800011 PM 19679023 ER PT J AU Nurick, WH Ohanian, T Talley, DG Strakey, PA AF Nurick, W. H. Ohanian, T. Talley, D. G. Strakey, P. A. TI Impact of Orifice Length/Diameter Ratio on 90 deg Sharp-Edge Orifice Flow With Manifold Passage Cross Flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cavitation; confined flow; turbulence ID MICROCHANNELS; CAVITATION AB The available information describing the various stages of flow conditions that occur as the flow transitions from noncavitation to cavitation (turbulent flow), supercavitation, and finally separation in sharp-edge 90 deg orifices is extensive. However, although sharp-edge orifices in cross flow represent a significant number of injection schemes inherent in many applications, data for this configuration are sparse or nonexistent. This study is intended to increase the database and understanding of the driving variables affecting the flow in all of these conditions. Tests were carried out in a unique test facility capable of achieving large variations in back pressure, flowrate, and operating upstream pressure. The configuration and test ranges of this study includes orifice length/diameter ratios from 2 to 10, upstream pressures from 7.03 kg/cm(2) to 105.1 kg/cm(2), orifice/manifold area ratio of 0.028 to 0.082, and manifold cross flow velocity of from 410 cm/s to 1830 cm/s. The results for these small area ratio configurations support two different first order models, one for cavitation and the other noncavitation both in turbulent flow. Under cavitation conditions the discharge coefficient is related to the contraction coefficient and the cavitation parameter to the 1/2 power. In the noncavitation flow regime the head loss is related to the loss coefficient and the dynamic pressure at the orifice exit. Both the head loss and contraction coefficient were found to be a strong function of the ratio of manifold/orifice exit velocity. Equations are provided defining the relationships that allow determination of the contraction coefficient, discharge coefficient, and head loss between the contraction coefficient, as well as the loss coefficient and operating conditions. Cavitation parameter values for cavitation inception, cavitation, and supercavitation are also provided. The potential flow theory was shown to predict the contraction coefficient when upstream (manifold to vena-contracta) losses are minimal. C1 [Nurick, W. H.; Ohanian, T.] Sci & Technol Applicat LLC, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. [Talley, D. G.] USAF, Res Lab, PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Strakey, P. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Energy Syst Dynam Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Nurick, WH (reprint author), Sci & Technol Applicat LLC, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. EM wnurick@verizon.net NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 081103 DI 10.1115/1.3155959 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 475ZC UT WOS:000268405500003 ER PT J AU Kihm, KD Pratt, DM Swanson, AD AF Kihm, Kenneth D. Pratt, David M. Swanson, Andrew D. TI Condensation of Sodium Vapor and High-Temperature Reaction With Quartz Pore Inner Surface SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item DE condensation; sodium; surface chemistry C1 [Kihm, Kenneth D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, David M.; Swanson, Andrew D.] USAF, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 080908 DI 10.1115/1.3143024 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 454IB UT WOS:000266674500008 ER PT J AU Singh, V Skiles, SM Krager, JE Wood, KL Jensen, D Sierakowski, R AF Singh, Vikramjit Skiles, Stewart M. Krager, Jarden E. Wood, Kristin L. Jensen, Dan Sierakowski, Robert TI Innovations in Design Through Transformation: A Fundamental Study of Transformation Principles SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE design principles; transformational design; design transformation theory; inductive research; deductive research ID PRODUCT PLATFORM DESIGN; COMMONALITY; FAMILY; ARCHITECTURE AB The act of creating a new product, system, or process is an innovation; the result of excogitation, study and experimentation. It is an inductive and/or deductive process. The inductive process involves studying systems that exist, for example, in nature, patents and products, and inducing from the behavior of these systems elemental features for innovating novel products. The deductive process involves deducing such aspects from hypothetical concepts and situations where systems or products could exist. By the application of a combined inductive and deductive approach, this paper reports on a methodology for the creation of innovative products with a broader functional repertoire than traditional designs. This breed of innovative products is coined as transformers, transforming into different configurations or according to different states. Current design theory lacks a systematic methodology for the creation of products that have the ability to transform. This paper identifies analogies in nature, patents, and products along with hypothesizing the existence of such products in different environments and situations. Transformation design principles are extracted by studying key design features and functional elements that make up a transforming product. These principles are defined and categorized according to their roles in general transformations. The principles and categorizations are then validated and applied to conceptualize transforming products as part of an innovative design process. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3125205] C1 [Singh, Vikramjit] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78703 USA. [Skiles, Stewart M.] Factory Automat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30316 USA. [Krager, Jarden E.] Luminex Corp, Cedar Pk, TX 78613 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jensen, Dan] USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sierakowski, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, 3454-B Lake Austin Blvd, Austin, TX 78703 USA. EM vikramjit@mail.utexas.edu; stewartsklies@yahoo.com; kragerje@gmail.com; wood@mail.utexas.edu; dan.jensen@usafa.edu; robert.sierakowski@eglin.af.mil NR 124 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 081010 DI 10.1115/1.3125205 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 476KW UT WOS:000268440400011 ER PT J AU Braydich-Stolle, LK Schaeublin, NM Murdock, RC Jiang, J Biswas, P Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Schaeublin, Nicole M. Murdock, Richard C. Jiang, Jingkun Biswas, Pratim Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Crystal structure mediates mode of cell death in TiO2 nanotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanotoxicity; Nano-size; Crystallinity; Keratinocytes; Nanotechnology; Health effects; EHS ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARTICLE-SIZE; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; NANOPARTICLES AB Certain properties that nanoparticles possess differentiate them from their bulk counterparts, and these characteristics must be evaluated prior to nanoparticle studies and include: size, shape, dispersion, physical and chemical properties, surface area, and surface chemistry. Early nanotoxicity studies evaluating TiO2 have yielded conflicting data which identify either size or crystal structure as the mediating property for nano-TiO2 toxicity. However, it is important to note that none of these studies examined size with the crystal structure composition controlled for or examined crystal structure while controlling the nanoparticle size. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of size and crystal structure in TiO2 nanotoxicity while controlling for as many other nanoproperties as possible using the HEL-30 mouse keratinocyte cell line as a model for dermal exposure. In the size-dependent studies, all the nanoparticles are 100% anatase, and aggregate sizes were determined in order to take into account the effect of agglomeration on size-dependent toxicity. In addition, varying crystal structures were assessed while the size of the nanoparticles was controlled. We were able to identify that both size and crystal structure contribute to cytotoxicity and that the mechanism of cell death varies based on crystal structure. The 100% anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, regardless of size, induced cell necrosis, while the rutile TiO2 nanoparticles initiated apoptosis through formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). C1 [Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Murdock, Richard C.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Jiang, Jingkun; Biswas, Pratim] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Bldg 837,R St,Area B, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Saber.Hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Jiang, Jingkun/A-1076-2010 NR 26 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1374 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9523-8 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 482BH UT WOS:000268857900007 ER PT J AU Kleismit, RA Munbodh, K Boeckl, JJ Campbell, AL Koziol, KK Kozlowski, G Hopkins, SC Peterson, TL AF Kleismit, Richard A. Munbodh, Kineshma Boeckl, John J. Campbell, Angela L. Koziol, Krzysztof K. Kozlowski, Gregory Hopkins, Simon C. Peterson, Timothy L. TI Electromagnetic Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Films Subject to an Oxidative Treatment at Elevated Temperature SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evanescent Microwave Microscopy; Permittivity; Quality Factor; Purification and Uncapping of Carbon Nanotubes ID FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM; STRAIN AB Electromagnetic characterization of CNT films fabricated by thermal decomposition of SiC has been performed. Purification and/or uncapping treatment conditions at an elevated temperature of 400 degrees C under flowing oxygen or carbon dioxide have been studied. A near field microwave microscope was used to measure the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of CNT films through the frequency shift and the change in reciprocal quality factor between two extreme positions of an evanescent microwave probe-tip (in contact with the sample, and away from interaction with it). A theoretical two-point model was proposed to confirm experimental data, which showed poor conductivity of the CNT film as grown but has slight improvement after 40 min treatment. C1 [Kleismit, Richard A.; Munbodh, Kineshma; Kozlowski, Gregory] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Boeckl, John J.; Campbell, Angela L.; Peterson, Timothy L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.; Kozlowski, Gregory; Hopkins, Simon C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Kozlowski, G (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Hopkins, Simon/A-6826-2008; Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010 OI Hopkins, Simon/0000-0002-0245-8627; Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4543 EP 4553 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.1214 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 470QO UT WOS:000267994100002 PM 19928116 ER PT J AU Sharma, HS Ali, SF Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Sharma, A AF Sharma, Hari S. Ali, Syed F. Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Sharma, Aruna TI Influence of Engineered Nanoparticles from Metals on the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain Edema and Neurotoxicity. An Experimental Study in the Rat and Mice Using Biochemical and Morphological Approaches SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Nanoneuroscience - Nanoeuroprotection and Nanoeurotoxicity CY AUG 20-26, 2007 CL Killithea, GREECE DE Engineered Nanoparticles; Silver; Copper; Aluminum; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Cerebral Blood Flow; Neuropathology; Astrocytes; Myelin; Evans Blue ID SPINAL CORD BARRIER; CARBON-NANOTUBES; TRAUMATIC INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEAT-STRESS; METHAMPHETAMINE INTOXICATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; DRUG-DELIVERY; HEALTH-RISKS AB Influence of nanoparticles on brain function following in vivo exposures is not well known. Depending on the magnitude and intensity of nanoparticle exposure from the environment, food and/or water source, neuronal function could be affected and may lead to neurotoxicity and neuropathology. This hypothesis was examined in present investigation using systemic or intracerebroventricular administration of engineered nanoparticles from metals, i.e., Al, Ag and Cu (approximate to 50 to 60 nm) on neurotoxicity in rats and mice. Intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg), intravenous (30 mg/kg), intracarotid (2.5 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular administration (20 mu g) of nanoparticles significantly altered the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function to Evans blue and radioiodine in several regions of the brain and spinal cord at 24 h after their administration. Marked decreases in local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and pronounced brain edema was seen in regional areas associated with BBB leakage. Neuronal cell injuries, glial cell activation, heat shock protein (HSP) upregulation and loss of myelinated fibers are quite common in effected brain areas. The observed pathological changes were most pronounced in mice compared to rats. Exposures to Cu and Ag nanoparticles showed most marked effects on brain pathology when administered into systemic circulation or into the brain ventricular spaces as compared to Al nanoparticles. Our results are the first to show that nanoparticles from metals are able to induce selective and specific neurotoxicity that depends on the type of metals, route of administration and the species used. C1 [Sharma, Hari S.; Sharma, Aruna] Uppsala Univ, Univ Hosp, Lab Cerebrovasc Res Anesthesiol & Intens Care, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Ali, Syed F.] US FDA, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sharma, HS (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Univ Hosp, Lab Cerebrovasc Res Anesthesiol & Intens Care, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Sharma, Aruna/D-4430-2011; Sharma, Hari/G-4508-2016 NR 64 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 5055 EP 5072 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.GR09 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 470QO UT WOS:000267994100071 PM 19928185 ER PT J AU Sharma, HS Ali, SF Tian, ZR Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Sjoquist, PO Sharma, A Muresanu, DF AF Sharma, Hari Shanker Ali, Syed F. Tian, Z. Ryan Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Sjoquist, Per-Ove Sharma, Aruna Muresanu, Datin F. TI Chronic Treatment with Nanoparticles Exacerbate Hyperthermia Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown, Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Pathology in the Rat. Neuroprotective Effects of Nanowired-Antioxidant Compound H-290/51 SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Nanoneuroscience - Nanoeuroprotection and Nanoeurotoxicity CY AUG 20-26, 2007 CL Killithea, GREECE DE Nanoparticles; Hyperthermia; Heat Stress; Antioxidants; H-290/51; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Pathology; Nanowiring; Nano-Drug Delivery ID NORMOTENSIVE YOUNG-RATS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DRUG-DELIVERY; AIR-POLLUTION; HEAT-STRESS; NASAL-MUCOSA; SPINAL-CORD; INFLAMMATION AB The possibility that chronic exposure of nanoparticles may alter stress reaction and brain pathology following hyperthermia was examined in a rat model. Engineered nanoparticles from Ag or M Cu (approximate to 50-60 nm) were administered (30 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 1 week in young male rats. M On the 8th day these animals were subjected to 4 h heat stress at 38 degrees C in a BOD incubator. In these animals stress symptoms, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cognitive and motor functions and brain pathology were examined. Subjection of nanoparticle treated rats to heat stress showed exacerbation of stress symptoms i.e., hyperthermia, salivation and prostration and exhibited greater BBB disruption, brain edema formation, impairment of cognitive and motor functions M and brain damage compared to normal animals. This enhanced brain pathology in heat stress was most marked in animals that received Ag nanoparticles compared to Cu treatment. Treatment with antioxidant compound H-290/51 either 30 min or 60 min after heat stress did not alter hyperthermia M induce brain pathology in nanoparticle treated rats. Whereas, administration of nanowired-H-290/51 after 30 min or 60 min heat stress markedly attenuated BBB disruption, sensory motor function and brain pathology. These results suggest that chronic nanoparticles treatment exacerbate hyperthermia induced brain pathology that is significantly attenuated by nanowired but not normal H-290/51 compound. Taken together, our observations suggest that nano-wired drug delivery of H-290/51 is a promising approach to induce neuroprotection in hyperthermia induced brain pathology, not reported earlier. C1 [Sharma, Hari Shanker; Sharma, Aruna] Uppsala Univ, Univ Hosp, Dept Surg Sci Anaesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Lab Cerebrovasc Res, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Ali, Syed F.] US FDA, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Tian, Z. Ryan] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sjoquist, Per-Ove] Astra Zeneca, Dept Biosci, SE-43183 Molndal, Sweden. [Muresanu, Datin F.] Univ Med & Pharm Iuliu Hatieganu, Dept Neurol, RO-400011 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Sharma, HS (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Univ Hosp, Dept Surg Sci Anaesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Lab Cerebrovasc Res, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Muresanu, Dafin Fior/C-4092-2011; Sharma, Aruna/D-4430-2011; Sharma, Hari/G-4508-2016; Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 64 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 5073 EP 5090 DI 10.1160/jnn.2009.GR10 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 470QO UT WOS:000267994100072 PM 19928186 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Arthur, DW Buchholz, TA Haffty, BG Hahn, CA Hardenbergh, PH Julian, TB Marks, LB Todor, DA Vicini, FA Whelan, TJ White, J Wo, JY Harris, JR AF Smith, Benjamin D. Arthur, Douglas W. Buchholz, Thomas A. Haffty, Bruce G. Hahn, Carol A. Hardenbergh, Patricia H. Julian, Thomas B. Marks, Lawrence B. Todor, Dorin A. Vicini, Frank A. Whelan, Timothy J. White, Julia Wo, Jennifer Y. Harris, Jay R. TI Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Consensus Statement from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID BRACHYTHERAPY REGISTRY TRIAL; MAMMOSITE BALLOON BRACHYTHERAPY; INITIAL CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY; WHOLE-BREAST; INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; TUMOR-BED; CONSERVING SURGERY C1 [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Arthur, Douglas W.; Todor, Dorin A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Radiat Oncol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Haffty, Bruce G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Hahn, Carol A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. [Marks, Lawrence B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Vicini, Frank A.] William Beaumont Hosp, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. [Whelan, Timothy J.] Juravinski Canc Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [White, Julia] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Harris, Jay R.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Harris, Jay R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hardenbergh, Patricia H.] Shaw Reg Canc Ctr, Vail, CO USA. [Julian, Thomas B.] Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Human Oncol, Allegheny Canc Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Wo, Jennifer Y.] Harvard Radiat Oncol Residency Program, Boston, MA USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI White, Julia/J-6336-2014; Whelan, Timothy/D-3185-2017; OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 41 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 209 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.02.066 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 480PC UT WOS:000268747300015 PM 19632605 ER PT J AU Gifford, SM Eliason, JL Clouse, WD Spencer, JR Burkhardt, GE Propper, BW Dixon, PS Zarzabal, LA Gelfond, JA Rasmussen, TE AF Gifford, Shaun M. Eliason, Jonathan L. Clouse, W. Darrin Spencer, Jerry R. Burkhardt, Gabe E. Propper, Brandon W. Dixon, Patricia S. Zarzabal, Lee Ann Gelfond, Jonathan A. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Early Versus Delayed Restoration of Flow With Temporary Vascular Shunt Reduces Circulating Markers of Injury in a Porcine Model SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 24-27, 2008 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE Temporary vascular shunt; Vascular injury; Vascular trauma; Temporary shunt; Wartime vascular injury; Vascular adjunct ID INTRALUMINAL ARTERIAL SHUNTS; I TRAUMA CENTER; SYSTEMIC ANTICOAGULATION; INTRAVASCULAR SHUNTS; DECADES EXPERIENCE; PROLONGED USE; MURINE MODEL; MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS; ISCHEMIA AB Background: Temporary vascular shunting to restore flow after vascular injury has been advocated. The effectiveness of this adjunct in protecting against ischemic injury has not been established. This study will assess the temporal impact of shunts on ischemic injury and arterial flow. Methods: A porcine model of hind-limb ischemia via iliac artery occlusion was used (N = 36; weight [kg] +/- SD: 89 +/- 4.4). Animals were randomized into one control (Isc(ctrl)) and four study groups (Isc(0), Isc(1), Isc(3), and Isc(6)) according to ischemic time. Shunt placement followed ischemia, and flow and circulating injury markers were collected incrementally during 18 hours of reperfusion. Flow proportions and a calculated Ischemia Injury Index were used to characterize group differences. Results: There were no intergroup differences concerning initial weight, hemodynamic, or laboratory values. Shunt patency was 92% in the absence of anticoagulation. The proportion of common femoral arterial flow to baseline flow in the Isc(6) group was lower than the Isc(ctrl) group (p = 0.02). There was a similar trend with the Isc(1) and Isc(3) groups. The Ischemia Injury Index demonstrated that there was a difference in the Isc(3) and Isc(6) groups (late shunt placement) compared with the Isc(ctrl), Isc(0), and Isc(1) groups (early shunt placement) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides physiologic insight into the benefit of shunts in a model of extremity ischemia. Early shunting protects the extremity from further ischemic insult and reduces circulating markers of tissue injury. Additionally, the presence of a shunt does not increase the Ischemic Injury Index and patency is maintained in the absence of heparinization. C1 [Gifford, Shaun M.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Spencer, Jerry R.; Burkhardt, Gabe E.; Propper, Brandon W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Gifford, Shaun M.; Burkhardt, Gabe E.; Propper, Brandon W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Zarzabal, Lee Ann; Gelfond, Jonathan A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Eliason, Jonathan L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Vasc Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil FU NCATS NIH HHS [KL2 TR000118, UL1 TR000149]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025767, KL2 RR025766] NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2009 VL 67 IS 2 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5e99b PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 482OL UT WOS:000268898500010 PM 19667877 ER PT J AU Wolf, SJ Bebarta, VS Bonnett, CJ Pons, PT Cantrill, SV AF Wolf, Stephen J. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Bonnett, Carl J. Pons, Peter T. Cantrill, Stephen V. TI Blast injuries SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; EXTREMITY COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN THERAPY; END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; SUICIDE BOMBING ATTACKS; BLUNT ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; CEREBRAL AIR-EMBOLISM; ACUTE LUNG INJURY AB Health-care providers are increasingly faced with the possibility of needing to care for people injured in explosions, but can often, however, feel undertrained for the unique aspects of the patient's presentation and management. Although most blast-related injuries (eg, fragmentation injuries from improvised explosive devices and standard military explosives) can be managed in a similar manner to typical penetrating or blunt traumatic injuries, injuries caused by the blast pressure wave itself cannot. The blast pressure wave exerts forces mainly at air-tissue interfaces within the body, and the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and auditory systems are at greatest risk. Arterial air emboli arising from severe pulmonary injury can cause ischaemic complications-especially in the brain, heart, and intestinal tract. Attributable, in part, to the scene chaos that undoubtedly exists, poor triage and missed diagnosis of blast injuries are substantial concerns because injuries can be subtle or their presentation can be delayed. Management of these injuries can be a challenge, compounded by potentially conflicting treatment goals. This Seminar aims to provide a thorough overview of these unique primary blast injuries and their management. C1 [Wolf, Stephen J.; Bonnett, Carl J.; Pons, Peter T.; Cantrill, Stephen V.] Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Wolf, Stephen J.; Bonnett, Carl J.; Pons, Peter T.; Cantrill, Stephen V.] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Pons, Peter T.; Cantrill, Stephen V.] Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, BNICE Training Ctr, Denver, CO 80249 USA. RP Wolf, SJ (reprint author), Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 777 Bannock St MC 0108, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM stephen.wolf@dhha.org NR 135 TC 104 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 9687 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60257-9 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 481MJ UT WOS:000268815200025 PM 19631372 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Tandon, GP Jones, DC Schoeppner, GA AF Lu, Y. C. Tandon, G. P. Jones, D. C. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Elastic and viscoelastic characterization of thermally-oxidized polymer resin using nanoindentation SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nanoindentation; Thermo-oxidation; Strain rate sensitivity; PMR-15 ID POWER-LAW CREEP; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSING INDENTATION; IMPRESSION CREEP; PMR-15 RESIN; DEGRADATION; SOLIDS; DEPTH; TESTS AB Polymer matrix composites used in high temperature applications experience material property degradation due to thermal oxidation. In the present paper, the oxidation profiles of the isothermally aged PMR-15 specimens are studied using an optical microscope. Results show that the oxidized specimen exhibits distinguished heterogeneous structure. In addition, the spatial dependent elastic and viscoelastic properties of PMR-15 specimens isothermally aged at various environmental conditions are probed through nanoindentation tests. Results indicate that both elastic modulus and creep strain rate sensitivity of the oxidized surfaces are higher than those of the unoxidized interiors. These results are the consequences of chemical and physical changes that occur during oxidation including chemical bond breakage and outgassing of low-molecular weight species. C1 [Lu, Y. C.; Jones, D. C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton Res Ins, Dayton, OH USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM chlu@engr.uky.edu FU American Society of Engineering Education SFF program; Kentucky EPSCoR NLI FX This work has been partially supported by the American Society of Engineering Education SFF program and by a Kentucky EPSCoR NLI grant. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s11043-009-9088-7 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 471PH UT WOS:000268070000003 ER PT J AU Murphy, CS Agner, CD AF Murphy, Sean Agner, Dale TI Cooperative Health Engagement in Stability Operations and Expanding Partner Capability and Capacity SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Murphy, Sean] HQ PACAF SG, Hickam AFB, HI USA. [Agner, Dale] 1st Spec Ops Med Grp, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. RP Murphy, CS (reprint author), HQ PACAF SG, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 174 IS 8 BP III EP VII PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LG UT WOS:000278060300001 ER PT J AU Overholts, DL Bell, JE Arostegui, MA AF Overholts, Dale L., II Bell, John E. Arostegui, Marvin A. TI A location analysis approach for military maintenance scheduling with geographically dispersed service areas SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Decision making/process; Scheduling; Location; Maintenance; Optimization ID STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; COLLECTION AB This research uses a two-stage maximal covering location problem (MCLP) model to develop Inter continental ballistic missile (ICBM) maintenance schedules for the US Air Force. Solutions are compared to actual missile maintenance activities accomplished at F. E. Warren Air Force Base (AFB), Wyoming in May 2005. Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of altering security response times and the number of security patrol areas on the quality of daily maintenance schedules and personnel usage. Results indicate marked improvement over traditional Air Force scheduling methods. In addition sensitivity analysis identifies the levels at which the quality and quantity of maintenance performance is impacted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Overholts, Dale L., II; Bell, John E.; Arostegui, Marvin A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bell, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.bell@ecats.gcsu.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 BP 838 EP 852 DI 10.1016/j.omega.2008.05.003 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 389BA UT WOS:000262063700009 ER PT J AU Andersen, GP Dussan, L Ghebremichael, F Chen, K AF Andersen, Geoff P. Dussan, Luis Ghebremichael, Fassil Chen, Kenny TI Holographic wavefront sensor SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wavefront sensors; holography; adaptive optics ID ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS AB We have constructed a new type of modal wavefront sensor that uses a multiplexed hologram and position-sensing detectors to measure the amplitudes of a preselected set of eight Zernike modes in an input beam. The measurement is all optical, with the calculations made in encoding the holograms themselves. The result is a sensor with no computational overhead or postprocessing that has the potential to operate at megahertz speeds without the need for computer calculations. We have built and tested a prototype device, demonstrating its operation both as a stand-alone wavefront sensor and in a closed-loop adaptive optics control system. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3204232] C1 [Andersen, Geoff P.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Dussan, Luis; Ghebremichael, Fassil; Chen, Kenny] Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. RP Andersen, GP (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office FX We acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Joint Technology Office for their support of this research. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 AR 085801 DI 10.1117/1.3204232 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 504ED UT WOS:000270596700018 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, G Kleismit, R Boeckl, J Campbell, A Munbodh, K Hopkins, S Koziol, K Peterson, T AF Kozlowski, G. Kleismit, R. Boeckl, J. Campbell, A. Munbodh, K. Hopkins, S. Koziol, K. Peterson, T. TI Electromagnetic characterization of carbon nanotube films by a two-point evanescent microwave method SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotube film; Evanescent microwave microscopy; Permittivity ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; SILICON-CARBIDE; MICROSCOPY AB Electromagnetic characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT) films fabricated by thermal decomposition of silicon carbide (SiC) has been performed. A near-field microwave microscope is used to measure the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of CNT films through the frequency shift and the change in reciprocal quality factor between two extreme positions of an evanescent microwave probe tip (in contact with the sample, and away from interaction with it). A theoretical two-point model is proposed to confirm experimental data, which shows poor conductivity of the CNT film. A comparison of our results with existing theoretical models and experimental data is presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kozlowski, G.; Kleismit, R.; Munbodh, K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Boeckl, J.; Campbell, A.; Peterson, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozlowski, G.; Hopkins, S.; Koziol, K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Kozlowski, G (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM gregory.kozlowski@wright.edu RI Hopkins, Simon/A-6826-2008; Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010 OI Hopkins, Simon/0000-0002-0245-8627; Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2009.04.034 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 475TU UT WOS:000268384900033 ER PT J AU Williams, S Popovic, S Gupta, M AF Williams, Skip Popovic, Svetozar Gupta, Manish TI Microwave plasma generation and filtered transport of O(2) (a (1)Delta(g)) SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-OUTPUT SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRIC-QUADRUPOLE; ENHANCED ABSORPTION; 0,0 TRANSITION; PRESSURE; OXYGEN; LASER; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)); WIDTHS AB Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a (1)Delta(g)), is generated using a low pressure, low power continuous microwave discharge operating at 2.45 GHz with a flow of helium seeded with 1-10% molecular oxygen. The absolute concentration of O(2)(a (1)Delta(g)) is measured using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy to probe the Q-branch transition of the (1, 0) band of the b (1)Sigma(+)(g)-a (1)Delta(g) Noxon system. In order to remove other energetic species from the flow, the post-discharge flow is passed through a coarse fritted quartz filter. The use of the quartz frit takes advantage of the substantially lower surface sticking probability of O(2)(a (1)Delta(g)) in comparison with other excited species on the flow. Up to 6% of the total oxygen passing through the filter remains in the a (1)Delta(g) state, and absolute densities of 2.5 x 10(14) cm(-3) are obtained using this method. This preparation method and transport is important in developing sources of singlet oxygen for kinetic and spectroscopic studies. C1 [Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Popovic, Svetozar] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gupta, Manish] Los Gatos Res Inc, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. [Williams, Skip; Popovic, Svetozar] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mail Stop PRAS,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM skip.williams@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 AR 035014 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/18/3/035014 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 470QF UT WOS:000267992200037 ER PT J AU Rudd, AD Cordero, L Bryan, CJ AF Rudd, A. David Cordero, Liliana Bryan, Craig J. TI What Every Psychologist Should Know About the Food and Drug Administration's Black Box Warning Label for Antidepressants SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE black box warnings; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; depression; suicidality; primary care ID PEDIATRIC SUICIDALITY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; DEPRESSION; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; SSRIS; CHILDREN; TRENDS AB In 2004, the Food and Drug Administration released a black box warning label for all antidepressants, indicating an increased risk for suicidality in children and adolescents. The label was subsequently updated in 2007 to include those up to 24 years of age. Data have since emerged to indicate changes in clinical practice patterns of nonspecialists (i.e., nonpsychiatrists) prescribing medications. Among the changes reported in practice patterns are an increased likelihood of referral and a decreased willingness to prescribe antidepressants. Findings also indicate marked reductions in ambulatory visits for depression among children and adolescents, lower rates of diagnosis of depression in this age group, a spillover effect to adults, inaccurate understanding of the actual risk communicated on the warning label (on the part of primary care practitioners), and increased suicide rates among children and adolescents. Recent findings have important implications for practicing psychologists, and specific recommendations are offered. C1 [Rudd, A. David] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Primary Care Psychol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Rudd, AD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, MS 42051, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM david.rudd@ttu.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1037/a0014105 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 484SM UT WOS:000269067800001 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Tamirisakandala, S Curtin, WA Miracle, DB AF Boehlert, C. J. Tamirisakandala, S. Curtin, W. A. Miracle, D. B. TI Assessment of in situ TiB whisker tensile strength and optimization of TiB-reinforced titanium alloy design SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Borides; Whiskers; Fracture; Tensile strength ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES AB A statistical model for fracture of aligned-whisker-reinforced metals was used to interpret tensile data of a TiB-reinforced titanium alloy. From this analysis, a TiB whisker strength of 8.0 GPa with a Weibull modulus of 2 was predicted. The analysis is consistent with observations of the whisker fragmentation process. Moreover, the analysis rationalizes why high tensile elongation was maintained in this reinforced alloy and identifies the constraints on material properties that are necessary to obtain both high elongation and high strength. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All. rights reserved. C1 [Boehlert, C. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tamirisakandala, S.] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. [Curtin, W. A.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. EM seshacharyulu.tamirisakandala.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; USAF [F49620-02-C-0015]; American Society for Engineering Education Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX This work was partially sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, USAF, under grant/contract numbers F49620-02-C-0015 and by the American Society for Engineering Education Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The authors are grateful to Dr. D. McEldowney, Dr. C. Cowen, S. Longanbach, J. Leboeuf, and W. Chen for their technical support. W.A.C. acknowledges support of this work through the NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center on Nano-and Micromechanics of Materials at Brown University. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.054 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 455TH UT WOS:000266788200005 ER PT J AU John, R Buchanan, DJ Jha, SK Larsen, JM AF John, Reji Buchanan, Dennis J. Jha, Sushant K. Larsen, James M. TI Stability of shot-peen residual stresses in an alpha plus beta titanium alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Relaxation; Residual stresses; Shot peen; Titanium alloy ID FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURES; TI-6AL-4V AB Shot-peen residual stress relaxation due to thermal exposure and fatigue loading was characterized in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo. Approximately 80% of the residual stresses were retained at 399 degrees C up to 100 h. Under fatigue loading close to yield stress, retention of residual stresses was approximately 85%, 70% and 50% at 260, 316 and 399 degrees C, respectively. Crack growth calculations demonstrate 1.5-5x benefit in life, even for partial credit for shot-peen residual stresses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [John, Reji; Larsen, James M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Reji.John@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.038 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 464JD UT WOS:000267500300002 ER PT J AU Artsob, H Gubler, DJ Enria, DA Morales, MA Pupo, M Bunning, ML Dudley, JP AF Artsob, H. Gubler, D. J. Enria, D. A. Morales, M. A. Pupo, M. Bunning, M. L. Dudley, J. P. TI West Nile Virus in the New World: Trends in the Spread and Proliferation of West Nile Virus in the Western Hemisphere SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE West Nile Virus; Western Hemisphere; epidemiology; surveillance; public health; trends ID UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; DENGUE VIRUS; MIDDLE-EAST; PUERTO-RICO; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; BIRDS AB P>The observed patterns and variations in the ecology, epidemiology, distribution and prevalence of the West Nile Virus (WNV) in different areas of the Western Hemisphere make this pathogen of particular importance as a model for understanding the potential risk factors associated with emerging pathogens worldwide, particularly those involving zoonotic pathogens whose epidemiology involves the potential for vertical transmission in arthropod vector species, and horizontal and vertical transmission within and among vertebrate host species. Record numbers of human WNV cases were recorded in Canada during 2007, with > 50% more cases than documented in any previous year. Although overall numbers of human infections recorded in the United States were not exceptionally high during 2007 relative to epidemic levels reported in 2002 and 2003, the state of Oklahoma reported that the highest-ever number of human WNV cases and the numbers of human cases recorded in Canada were 50% higher than previous record levels recorded in 2003. The record and near-record numbers of human WNV infections recorded in several regions of North America during 2007 have important implications for the future management and surveillance of WNV vectors and reservoirs in North America. The spatiotemporal distribution of WNV infections in humans and animals recorded during 2007 in North America and South America have important implications for the surveillance and management of public health threats from WNV in the Western Hemisphere. Serological surveys conducted in areas of intense WNV transmission in the United States have reported low prevalence of antibodies to WNV in human s populations, indicating that additional epidemic outbreaks of human disease from WNV can be expected in the future. C1 [Artsob, H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Artsob, H.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Gubler, D. J.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Enria, D. A.; Morales, M. A.] Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina. [Pupo, M.] PAHO WHO Collaborating Ctr Viral Dis Pedro Kouri, Inst Trop Med, Havana, Cuba. [Bunning, M. L.] USAF, Biomed Sci Corps Publ Hlth HQ AFMOA SOUTH SG3PN, Kelly, TX USA. [Dudley, J. P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Modeling & Anal Div, Rockville, MD USA. [Dudley, J. P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Artsob, H (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. EM harvey_artsob@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 74 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6-7 BP 357 EP 369 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01207.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 469GH UT WOS:000267883500011 PM 19486320 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Slocik, JM Singamaneni, S Poulsen, N Kroger, N Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Slocik, Joseph M. Singamaneni, Srikanth Poulsen, Nicole Kroeger, Nils Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Protein-Enabled Synthesis of Monodisperse Titania Nanoparticles On and Within Polyelectrolyte Matrices SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYER-BY-LAYER; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MULTILAYER FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SILK FIBROIN; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS AB Here, the results of a study of the mechanism of bio-enabled surface-mediated titania nanoparticle synthesis with assistance of polyelectrolyte surfaces are reported. By applying atomic force microscopy, surface force spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, structural changes of rSilC-silaffin upon its adsorption to polyelectrolyte surfaces prior to and during titania nanoparticle growth are revealed. It is demonstrated that the adhesion of rSilC-silaffin onto polyelectrolyte surfaces results in its reorganization from a random-coil conformation in solution into a mixed secondary structure with both random coil and beta-sheet structures presented. Moreover, the protein forms a continuous molecularly thin layer with well-defined monodisperse nanodomains of lateral dimensions below 20 nm. It is also shown that rSilC embedded inside the polylelectrolyte matrix preserves its titania formation activity. It is suggested that the surface-mediated, bio-enabled synthesis of nanostructured materials might be useful to develop general procedures for controlled growth of inorganic nanomaterials on reactive organic surfaces, which opens new perspectives in the design of tailored, in situ grown, hybrid inorganic-organic nanomaterials. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Singamaneni, Srikanth; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poulsen, Nicole; Kroeger, Nils] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kharlampieva, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; OI Poulsen, Nicole/0000-0002-4533-8860 FU Air Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; Wiley InterScience FX This work was supported by funding provided by the Air Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. The authors acknowledge S. Bender and B. Barry (Georgia Institute of Technology) for solution FTIR measurements. Supporting Information is available online at Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 14 BP 2303 EP 2311 DI 10.1002/adfm.200801825 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 478RR UT WOS:000268606500016 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Bowman, AM Ibey, BL Andre, FM Pakhomova, ON Schoenbach, KH AF Pakhomov, Andrei G. Bowman, Angela M. Ibey, Bennett L. Andre, Franck M. Pakhomova, Olga N. Schoenbach, Karl H. TI Lipid nanopores can form a stable, ion channel-like conduction pathway in cell membrane SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Electroporation; Membrane lipids; Electric pulses; Membrane permeability; Pores ID HIGH-INTENSITY; PERMEABILIZATION; ELECTROPORATION; NANOSECOND; PULSES; MECHANISMS; PORE AB Cell permeabilization by electric pulses (EPs), or electroporation, has been well established as a tool to indiscriminately increase membrane flows of water solutes down the concentration and voltage gradients. However, we found that EPs of nanosecond duration (nsEPs) trigger formation of voltage-sensitive and inward-rectifying membrane pores. NsEP-treated cells remain mostly impermeable to propidium, suggesting that the maximum pore size is similar to 1 nm. The ion-channel-like properties of nsEP-opened nanopores vanish if they break into larger, propidium-permeable "conventional" pores. However, nanopores can be stable for many minutes and significantly impact cell electrolyte and water balance. Multiple nsEPs cause fast cell swelling and blebbing, whereas opening of larger pores with digitonin abolishes swelling and causes blebs to implode. The lipid nature of nsEP-opened nanopores is confirmed by fast externalization of phosphatidylserine residues. Nanopores constitute a previously unexplored ion transport Pathway that supplements classic ion channels but is distinctly different from them. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pakhomov, Andrei G.; Bowman, Angela M.; Andre, Franck M.; Pakhomova, Olga N.; Schoenbach, Karl H.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Ibey, Bennett L.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, 830 Southampton Ave,Suite 5100, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. EM andrei@pakhomov.net FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA125482-02, R01 CA125482, R01CA125482] NR 23 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 385 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.035 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 458PZ UT WOS:000267037300011 PM 19450553 ER PT J AU Gordon, MS Mullin, JM Pruitt, SR Roskop, LB Slipchenko, LV Boatz, JA AF Gordon, Mark S. Mullin, Jonathan M. Pruitt, Spencer R. Roskop, Luke B. Slipchenko, Lyudmila V. Boatz, Jerry A. TI Accurate Methods for Large Molecular Systems SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; FRAGMENT POTENTIAL METHOD; ORBITAL METHOD FMO; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; APPROXIMATE COMPUTATIONAL METHOD; DISTRIBUTED MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATION; COEFFICIENT CORRELATION METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE METHODS AB Three exciting new methods that address the accurate prediction of processes and properties of large molecular systems are discussed. The systematic fragmentation method (SFM) and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method both decompose a large molecular system (e.g., protein, liquid, zeolite) into small subunits (fragments) in very different ways that are designed to both retain the high accuracy of the chosen quantum mechanical level of theory while greatly reducing the demands on computational time and resources. Each of these methods is inherently scalable and is therefore eminently capable of taking advantage of massively parallel computer hardware while retaining the accuracy of the corresponding electronic structure method from which it is derived. The effective fragment potential (EFP) method is a sophisticated approach for the prediction of nonbonded and intermolecular interactions. Therefore, the EFP method provides a way to further reduce the computational effort while retaining accuracy by treating the far-field interactions in place of the full electronic structure method. The performance of the methods is demonstrated using applications to several systems, including benzene dimer, small organic species, pieces of the alpha helix, water, and ionic liquids. C1 [Gordon, Mark S.; Mullin, Jonathan M.; Pruitt, Spencer R.; Roskop, Luke B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Slipchenko, Lyudmila V.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, RZS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mullin, Jonathan/F-2083-2011; Slipchenko, Lyudmila/G-5182-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation FX The research described in this work has been supported by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation. A grant of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors have benefited from informative discussions with Dr. Dmitri Fedorov (AIST) and Professor Michael Collins (Australian National University). NR 235 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 29 BP 9646 EP 9663 DI 10.1021/jp811519x PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 472NU UT WOS:000268139600006 PM 19368406 ER PT J AU Su, YJ Retterer, JM de La Beaujardiere, O Burke, WJ Roddy, PA Pfaff, RF Wilson, GR Hunton, DE AF Su, Y. -J. Retterer, J. M. de La Beaujardiere, O. Burke, W. J. Roddy, P. A. Pfaff, R. F., Jr. Wilson, G. R. Hunton, D. E. TI Assimilative modeling of equatorial plasma depletions observed by C/NOFS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; IONOSPHERE AB Using electric field measurements as inputs, the assimilative physics-based ionospheric model (PBMOD) successfully reproduced density depletions observed at early morning local times during four consecutive orbits of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite on 17 June 2008. However, the PBMOD running with plasma drift data from empirical models as inputs predicted neither plasma depletions nor irregularities on this day. Coincident over flights of a large depletion by C/NOFS and the DMSP-F17 satellite allow estimates of its longitudinal and latitudinal scale sizes. The satellite-based estimates are shown to be in reasonable agreement with PBMOD predictions. The model's reproduction of observed temporal and spatial distributions of plasma depletions suggests that our assimilative technique can be used to enhance space-weather forecasts. Citation: Su, Y.-J., J. M. Retterer, O. de La Beaujardiere, W. J. Burke, P. A. Roddy, R. F. Pfaff Jr., G. R. Wilson, and D. E. Hunton ( 2009), Assimilative modeling of equatorial plasma depletions observed by C/NOFS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C02, doi:10.1029/2009GL038946. C1 [Su, Y. -J.; Retterer, J. M.; de La Beaujardiere, O.; Burke, W. J.; Roddy, P. A.; Wilson, G. R.; Hunton, D. E.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Pfaff, R. F., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Su, YJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM yi-jiun.su@hanscom.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301SDA5]; Air Force with Boston College [FA8718-08-C-0012]; NASA [NNH09AK05I] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. The analysis was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 2301SDA5, Air Force contract FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College, and NASA grant NNH09AK05I to the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C02 DI 10.1029/2009GL038946 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 475HR UT WOS:000268349700002 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Farmer, BL Pandey, RB Slocik, JM Patnaik, SS Pachter, R Naik, RR AF Heinz, Hendrik Farmer, Barry L. Pandey, Ras B. Slocik, Joseph M. Patnaik, Soumya S. Pachter, Ruth Naik, Rajesh R. TI Nature of Molecular Interactions of Peptides with Gold, Palladium, and Pd-Au Bimetal Surfaces in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL-SURFACES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INORGANIC SURFACES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ALKYL CHAINS; AMINO-ACIDS; ADSORPTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES AB We investigated molecular interactions involved in the selective binding of several short peptides derived from phage-display techniques (8-12 amino acids, excluding Cys) to surfaces of Au, Pd, and Pd-Au bimetal. The quantitative analysis of changes in energy and conformation upon adsorption on even {111} and {100} surfaces was carried out by molecular dynamics simulation using an efficient computational screening technique, including 1000 explicit water molecules and physically meaningful peptide concentrations at pH = 7. Changes in chain conformation from the solution to the adsorbed state over the course of multiple nanoseconds suggest that the peptides preferably interact with vacant sites of the face-centered cubic lattice above the metal surface. Residues that contribute to binding are in direct contact with the metal surfaces, and less-binding residues are separated from the surface by one or two water layers. The strength of adsorption ranges from 0 to -100 kcal/(mol peptide) and scales with the surface energy of the metal (Pd surfaces are more attractive than Au surfaces), the affinity of individual residues versus the affinity of water, and conformation aspects, as well as polarization and charge transfer at the metal interface (only qualitatively considered here). A hexagonal spacing of similar to 1.6 angstrom between available lattice sites on the {111} surfaces accounts for the characteristic adsorption of aromatic side groups and various other residues (including Tyr, Phe, Asp, His, Arg, Asn, Ser), and a quadratic spacing of similar to 2.8 angstrom between available lattice sites on the {100} surface accounts for a significantly lower affinity to all peptides in favor of mobile water molecules. The combination of these factors suggests a "soft epitaxy" mechanism of binding. On a bimetallic Pd-Au {111} surface, binding patterns are similar, and the polarity of the bimetal junction can modify the binding energy by similar to 10 kcal/mol. The results are semiquantitatively supported by experimental measurements of the affinity of peptides and small molecules to metal surfaces as well as results from quantum-mechanical calculations on small peptide and surface fragments. Interfaces were modeled using the consistent valence force field extended for Lennard-Jones parameters for fcc metals which accurately reproduce surface and interface energies [Heinz, H.; Vaia, R. A.; Farmer, B. L.; Naik, R. R. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 17281-17290]. C1 [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Patnaik, Soumya S.; Pachter, Ruth; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFR RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); University of Akron; Wright State University FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), the University of Akron, and Wright State University. We are grateful for computational resources provided by the Ohio Supercomputing Center. Helpful discussions with Michael Bock-staller (Carnegie Mellon University), Peter Mirau, Morley Stone, and Richard Vaia (AFRL) are acknowledged. NR 59 TC 192 Z9 194 U1 14 U2 175 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 28 BP 9704 EP 9714 DI 10.1021/ja900531f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 475XG UT WOS:000268399800031 PM 19552440 ER PT J AU Burston, R Astin, I Mitchell, C Alfonsi, L Pedersen, T Skone, S AF Burston, Robert Astin, Ivan Mitchell, Cathryn Alfonsi, Lucilla Pedersen, Todd Skone, Susan TI Correlation between scintillation indices and gradient drift wave amplitudes in the northern polar ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC POTENTIALS; PLASMA PATCHES; INSTABILITY; MODEL; DENSITY; CAP AB A model is developed of the gradient drift instability growth rate in the north polar cap ionosphere, utilizing a novel approach employing an ionospheric imaging algorithm. The growth rate values calculated by this model are in turn used to estimate how the amplitudes of actual gradient drift waves vary over time as the plasma drifts and the growth rates change with time. Ionospheric imaging is again used in order to determine plasma drift velocities. The final output from the model is in turn used to assess the linear correlation between the scintillation indices S-4 and sigma(phi) recorded by several GPS L1 band scintillation receivers stationed in the north polar cap and mean gradient drift wave amplitudes. Four separate magnetic storm periods, totaling 13 days, are analyzed in this way. The results show weak but significant linear correlations between the mean wave amplitudes calculated and the observed scintillation indices at F layer altitudes. C1 [Burston, Robert; Astin, Ivan; Mitchell, Cathryn] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Alfonsi, Lucilla] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Pedersen, Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Skone, Susan] Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Burston, R (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM rburston@softhome.net OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide; CNR FX L. A. thanks the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide and the CNR. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A07309 DI 10.1029/2009JA014151 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475JU UT WOS:000268355400005 ER PT J AU Cole, WP Marciniak, MA AF Cole, Walter P. Marciniak, Michael A. TI Path-averaged C-n(2) estimation using a laser-and-corner-cube system SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL TURBULENCE; INTENSITY; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; COMMUNICATION; SPECTRUM; LIGHT; BEAM; LAND AB As a finite cross-section laser beam propagates through the atmosphere, the beam spreads due to both diffraction and atmospheric turbulence effects. Using turbulence theory valid in both weak and strong optical turbulence regimes, a relationship between atmospheric beam spread and the resulting return power for an optical system and the refractive-index structure parameter or C-n(2) can be established. A technique for estimating the path-averaged C-n(2) using a laser-and-corner-cube system based on this relationship is described. Experimental results using near-infrared laser wavelengths show good agreement between theoretical predictions and scintillometer-measured C-n(2) values for near-ground line-of-sight propagation paths. (C) 2009 C1 [Cole, Walter P.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cole, WP (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM walter.p.cole@us.army.mil OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) at WPAFB. The authors would like to thank Shawn Davidson from General Dynamics for providing extensive support during the experimental testing, Anthony Cain, Ronald Perrin, and Capt Christopher Charles from AFRL/RX for equipment and data acquisition technical support, and Donald Thomas for computer and software technical support. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army, United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 21 BP 4256 EP 4262 DI 10.1364/AO.48.004256 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 483GC UT WOS:000268949800023 PM 19623240 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Baker, CR Borer, WS AF McNamara, Leo F. Baker, Craig R. Borer, William S. TI Real-time specification of HF propagation support based on a global assimilative model of the ionosphere SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An HF propagation program, HFNowcast, has been developed that takes advantage of the availability of a real-time global model of the ionosphere to specify in real time the range of frequencies that would be supported on a given HF communications circuit. HFNowcast determines the range of frequency support for a specified circuit, from the lowest usable F layer frequency (FLUF) to the highest (FMUF), together with the E layer ELUF and EMUF. The lack of real-time observations of HF absorption and HF noise at the receiver means that it is not possible to provide real-time specifications of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the key parameter for HF communications. The global model ( developed by Utah State University (USU)) includes particle E precipitation at high dip latitudes during the night, which often precludes the determination of foF2 and M(3000) F2 and thus the simple determination of propagation support in those regions. The FMUF is therefore derived by first calculating the vertical incidence ionogram at the control point(s) and then transforming that ionogram to the oblique incidence (OI) ionogram for the given circuit/hop length. HFNowcast has been validated favorably against several months of oblique propagation observations on midlatitude circuits, although its day-to-day variability does not match the observations very well, and it tends to underestimate the FMUFs. The systematic differences between the predictions and observations can be attributed directly to limitations of the current version of the USU model of the ionosphere. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.] USAF, Res Lab, Res Vehicles Directorate, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Baker, Craig R.] Rome AFB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [McNamara, Leo F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Res Vehicles Directorate, RVBXP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@hanscom.af.mil FU AFWA [FA8718-08-C-0012] FX The development of HFNowcast was funded by AFWA under contract FA8718-08-C-0012. AFRL also runs a program of USU- GAIM validation on behalf of AFWA under the same contract. The Digisonde ionograms for Chilton and Rome were obtained from DIDBase (http:// umlcar.uml.edu/DIDBase/)and rescaled using SAO Explorer (http://ulcar.uml.edu/SAO-X/SAO-X.html). The HIDIVE observations were obtained from http://www.spacenv.com/ similar to rice/hidive/index.html. The Inskip-Rome observations were made available by QinetiQ, United Kingdom, in a continuing program of cooperation. The Irirangi-Sydney observations were provided by IPS Radio and Space Services. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 18 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A15 DI 10.1029/2008RS004004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 471YW UT WOS:000268095500002 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Maguire, JF AF Amer, Maher S. Maguire, John F. TI On the compressibility of C-60 individual molecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO FORCE-FIELD; CARBON NANOTUBES; BULK MODULUS; C60; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; STATE; CRYSTALS; EQUATION; SOLIDS AB Theoretical studies have estimated the bulk modulus of individual C-60 molecules to be twice to three times as stiff as diamond. In this Letter, we investigate, for the first time, solvent effects on the compressibility of individual fullerene molecules using molecular dynamic simulation. Interaction with water and methanol was found to significantly affect the fullerene P-V EOS leading to significantly less compressible fullerene molecule. This study sheds important lights on the fact that the compressibility of fullerene molecules cannot be considered out of context of their chemical environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amer, Maher S.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Maguire, John F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM maher.amer@wright.edu RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2009 VL 476 IS 4-6 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.06.010 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 467SK UT WOS:000267762500023 ER PT J AU Tauke-Pedretti, A Ongstad, AP Tilton, ML Chavez, JC Kaspi, R AF Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Ongstad, Andrew P. Tilton, Michael L. Chavez, Joseph C. Kaspi, Ron TI Power Sharing in Dual-Wavelength Optically Pumped Midinfrared Laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dual-wavelength laser; midinfrared (mid-IR) laser; semiconductor lasers; two-color laser; type-II quantum-well laser AB We present a study of dual-wavelength optically pumped midinfrared semiconductor lasers, in which the effects of several design parameters are analyzed. We observe that when the short wavelength waveguide mode overlaps the long wavelength gain region, photon re-absorption occurs, favoring long wavelength emission. We demonstrate high power output from a laser emitting at two wavelength bands. C1 [Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Ongstad, Andrew P.; Tilton, Michael L.; Chavez, Joseph C.; Kaspi, Ron] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tauke-Pedretti, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR); NRC FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR). The work of A. Tauke-Pedretti was supported by an NRC Associateship at AFRL. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 14 BP 1011 EP 1013 DI 10.1109/LPT.2009.2021955 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 470YY UT WOS:000268019600019 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Arthur, DW Buchholz, TA Haffty, BG Hahn, CA Hardenbergh, PH Julian, TB Marks, LB Todor, DA Vicini, FA Whelan, TJ White, J Wo, JY Harris, JR AF Smith, Benjamin D. Arthur, Douglas W. Buchholz, Thomas A. Haffty, Bruce G. Hahn, Carol A. Hardenbergh, Patricia H. Julian, Thomas B. Marks, Lawrence B. Todor, Dorin A. Vicini, Frank A. Whelan, Timothy J. White, Julia Wo, Jennifer Y. Harris, Jay R. TI ACCELERATED PARTIAL BREAST IRRADIATION CONSENSUS STATEMENT FROM THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY (ASTRO) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Accelerated partial-breast irradiation; Breast cancer; Consensus statement ID DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY; PHASE-II TRIAL; MULTICATHETER INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY; INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY; MAMMOSITE BALLOON BRACHYTHERAPY; INITIAL DOSIMETRIC EXPERIENCE; EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; AUSTRIAN MULTICENTER TRIAL; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; CARCINOMA-IN-SITU AB Purpose: To present guidance for patients and physicians regarding the use of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI), based on current published evidence complemented by expert opinion. Methods and Materials: A systematic search of the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database yielded 645 candidate original research articles potentially applicable to APBI. Of these, 4 randomized trials and 38 prospective single-arm studies were identified. A Task Force composed of all authors synthesized the published evidence and, through a series of meetings, reached consensus regarding the recommendations contained herein. Results: The Task Force proposed three patient groups: (1) a "suitable: group, for whom APBI outside of a clinical trial is not generally considered warranted. Patients who choose treatment with APBI should be informed that whole-breast irradiation (WBI) is an established treatment with a much longer track record that has documented long-term effectiveness and safety. Conclusion: Accelerated partial-breast irradiation is a new technology that may ultimately demonstrate long-term effectiveness and safety comparable to that of WBI for selected patients with early breast cancer. This consensus statement is intended to provide guidance regarding the use of APBI outside of a clinical trial and to serve as a framework to promote additional clinical investigations into the optimal role of APBI in the treatment of breast cancer. (C) 2009 American Society for Radiation Oncology C1 [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Arthur, Douglas W.; Todor, Dorin A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Radiat Oncol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Haffty, Bruce G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Hahn, Carol A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC USA. [Hardenbergh, Patricia H.] Shaw Reg Canc Ctr, Veil, CO USA. [Julian, Thomas B.] Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Human Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Marks, Lawrence B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vicini, Frank A.] William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. [Whelan, Timothy J.] Juravinski Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [White, Julia] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Radiat Oncol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Wo, Jennifer Y.] Harvard Radiat Oncol Residency Program, Boston, MA USA. [Harris, Jay R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Harris, Jay R.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM benjamin.smith@lackland.af.mil RI Whelan, Timothy/D-3185-2017; OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 99 TC 419 Z9 439 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP 987 EP 1001 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.031 PG 15 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 464KY UT WOS:000267505000003 PM 19545784 ER PT J AU Rabb, DJ Anderson, BL AF Rabb, David J. Anderson, Betty Lise TI Optical Cross-Connect Based on the Spherical Fourier Cell SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fourier optics; optical communication; optical data processing; optical interconnections ID TRUE-TIME-DELAY; WHITE CELL; SWITCH; PERFORMANCE AB A free-space optical cross connect is proposed here that is highly compact and uses digital microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tip-style micromirror arrays. Based on the Fourier cell, previously described for true time delays, the cross-connect can be strictly non-blocking, or can be of blocking or reconfigurably blocking designs to reduce the MEMS pixel count. Because in the Fourier cell many systems can share a single spherical lens, the hardware count is comparatively low and the system is highly compact. C1 [Rabb, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Electroopt Sensors Div, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Betty Lise] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rabb, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electroopt Sensors Div, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM anderson@ece.osu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2737 EP 2743 DI 10.1109/JLT.2009.2015896 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 472YC UT WOS:000268168200001 ER PT J AU Bontha, S Klingbeil, NW Kobryn, PA Fraser, HL AF Bontha, Srikanth Klingbeil, Nathan W. Kobryn, Pamela A. Fraser, Hamish L. TI Effects of process variables and size-scale on solidification microstructure in beam-based fabrication of bulky 3D structures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Laser deposition; Electron beam manufacturing; Solidification microstructure; Ti-6Al-4V; Rosenthal solution; Finite element modeling ID LASER-DEPOSITED TI-6AL-4V; THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES; POWDER DEPOSITION; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; LENS(R) PROCESS; PROCESS MAPS; EVOLUTION AB A number of laser and electron beam-based fabrication processes are under consideration for aerospace components, where the ability to obtain a consistent and desirable microstructure and resulting mechanical properties is of critical concern. To this end, this work employs a combination of analytical and numerical modeling approaches to investigate the effects of process variables and size-scale on solidification microstructure (grain size and morphology) in beam-based fabrication of bulky 3D structures. Thermal process maps are developed for predicting solidification microstructure in any material system, and results are plotted on solidification maps to investigate trends in grain size and morphology in Ti-6Al-4V. The results of this work suggest that changes in process variables (beam power and velocity) can result in a grading of the microstructure throughout the depth of the deposit, with a transition from columnar to mixed or equiaxed microstructure at higher powers. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bontha, Srikanth; Klingbeil, Nathan W.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kobryn, Pamela A.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL MLSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fraser, Hamish L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Klingbeil, NW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 209 Russ Engn,3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM nathan.klingbeil@wright.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0224517, CMMI-0700509]; AFRL/DAGSI Research Program [ML-WSU-01-11]; Wright State University; Ohio Board of Regents FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation, grant numbers DMI-0224517 and CMMI-0700509, by the joint AFRL/DAGSI Research Program, project number ML-WSU-01-11, and by Wright State University and the Ohio Board of Regents. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 513-14 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.019 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452YP UT WOS:000266577400043 ER PT J AU Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Cook, G Evans, DR AF Shumelyuk, Alexandr Odoulov, Serguey Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. TI Coupling of counterpropagating light beams in low-symmetry crystals SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SN2P2S6 AB Two-beam coupling gain enhancement is demonstrated for a nontraditional orientation of counterpropagating waves in the monoclinic crystal Sn(2)P(2)S(6). (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Shumelyuk, Alexandr; Odoulov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shumelyuk, A (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, 46 Sci Ave, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM shumeluk@iop.kiev.ua FU European Office of Research and Development via Science and Technology Center, Ukraine [P335] FX The authors thank A. Grabar and I. Stoyka for SPS samples. A part of this work was conducted during S. Odoulov's stay at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The financial support from the European Office of Research and Development via Science and Technology Center, Ukraine (project P335), is gratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 14 BP 2126 EP 2128 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481TK UT WOS:000268834500014 PM 19823523 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Zimnitsky, D Gupta, M Bergman, KN Kaplan, DL Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Zimnitsky, Dmitry Gupta, Maneesh Bergman, Kathryn N. Kaplan, David L. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Redox-Active Ultrathin Template of Silk Fibroin: Effect of Secondary Structure on Gold Nanoparticle Reduction SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SPIDER SILK; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; MULTILAYER FILMS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FIBERS; PROTEINS; PH; BIOMATERIALS AB We report on an application of silk as an ultrathin redox-active template for controllable, one-step synthesis of gold nanciparticles via control over silk secondary structure. We found that both silk I and silk II molecular layers can facilitate gold nanoparticle formation at ambient conditions, indicating that tyrosine groups are available for metal ion reduction in both forms of silk, We suggest that the presence of beta-sheets in silk II facilitates tyrosine ordering thereby resulting in well-dispersed, uniform nanciparticles with diameters of less than 6 rim. In addition, the mineralization does not result in transformation of the silk I secondary structure to silk II. In fact, the silk I structure is stabilized from further transformation into silk II even upon drying. These results are critical for developing a better understanding of silk interfacial behavior and offer an opportunity to design a new class of nanocomposites that combine the beneficial features of silk with those of the nanciparticles. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Zimnitsky, Dmitry; Gupta, Maneesh; Bergman, Kathryn N.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0446]; Air Force Research Laboratory; AFRL Bio-X STT program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research FA9550-08-1-0446 project, Air Force Research Laboratory, and AFRL Bio-X STT program. NR 76 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 13 BP 2696 EP 2704 DI 10.1021/cm900073t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 472NG UT WOS:000268138200026 ER PT J AU Hysell, DL Hedden, RB Chau, JL Galindo, FR Roddy, PA Pfaff, RF AF Hysell, D. L. Hedden, R. B. Chau, J. L. Galindo, F. R. Roddy, P. A. Pfaff, R. F. TI Comparing F region ionospheric irregularity observations from C/NOFS and Jicamarca SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; DRIFT WAVES; PLASMA; RADAR; INSTABILITY; GENERATION; CAMPAIGN AB Observations of plasma density irregularities associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) have been made using the Jicamarca Radio Observatory and the Plasma Langmuir Probe (PLP) and Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) instruments on the Communications Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite during a close spatio-temporal conjunction. The radar data resolution is of the order of 1 km and a few sec. in space and time, respectively. We find that coherent scatter intensifications at these scales are coincident and collocated with plasma density depletions as determined by C/NOFS. The Doppler shifts of the localized echoes are also comparable to the vertical components of the E x B plasma drifts. The strongest backscatter does not necessarily come from the deepest or most rapidly convecting depletions. This implies a complex relationship between coherent backscatter and the underlying state parameters in the ionospheric plasma. Citation: Hysell, D. L., R. B. Hedden, J. L. Chau, F. R. Galindo, P. A. Roddy, and R. F. Pfaff (2009), Comparing F region ionospheric irregularity observations from C/NOFS and Jicamarca, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L00C01, doi:10.1029/2009GL038983. C1 [Hysell, D. L.; Hedden, R. B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chau, J. L.; Galindo, F. R.] Geophys Inst Peru, Jicamarca Radio Observ, Lima 13, Peru. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roddy, P. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hysell, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 2122 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dlh37@cornell.edu RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892 FU Instituto Geofisico del Peru [ATM-0432565]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from NSF cooperative agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. We appreciate the help of the Jicamarca staff, particularly the operations group. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L00C01 DI 10.1029/2009GL038983 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 469XO UT WOS:000267935500005 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF van der Laan, D. C. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. TI Effect of a Compressive Uniaxial Strain on the Critical Current Density of Grain Boundaries in Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta Films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; JUNCTIONS; BICRYSTALS; SYMMETRY; DEVICES AB The mechanism by which grain boundaries impede current flow in high-temperature superconductors has resisted explanation for over two decades. We provide evidence that the strain fields around grain boundary dislocations in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films substantially suppress the local critical current density J(c). The removal of strain from the superconducting grain boundary channels by the application of compressive strain causes a remarkable increase in J(c). Contrary to previous understanding, the strain-free J(c) of the grain boundary channels is comparable to the intrinsic J(c) of the grains themselves. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The authors would like to thank Hans Hilgenkamp, Jochen Mannhart, and Jack Ekin for their technical input and fruitful discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 2 AR 027005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.027005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 469HT UT WOS:000267887800053 PM 19659238 ER PT J AU Caton, RG Carrano, CS Alcala, CM Groves, KM Beach, T Sponseller, D AF Caton, R. G. Carrano, C. S. Alcala, C. M. Groves, K. M. Beach, T. Sponseller, D. TI Simulating the effects of scintillation on transionospheric signals with a two-way phase screen constructed from ALTAIR phase-derived TEC SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; RADAR AB Severe scintillation on transionospheric radio signals caused by small-scale plasma irregularities can greatly disrupt wideband communication, surveillance, and navigation systems. Development of techniques to mitigate the effects of scintillation requires accurate characterization of the ionospheric propagation channel. To achieve this goal, multiple campaigns were conducted as part of the joint U. S.-UK Wideband Ionospheric Distortion Experiment to obtain ionospheric signatures from various instruments located on Kwajalein Atoll. We use tracking data from the VHF/UHF Advanced Research Project Agency Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar for overflights of passive calibration spheres in low-Earth orbit to demonstrate the validity of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase screen model to represent the propagation channel through a disturbed ionosphere. The 1-D phase screen is constructed from radar phase-derived estimates of the total electron content. We present a detailed comparison of simulated radar cross section after propagation through the phase screen with observed radar returns under both disturbed and quiet ionospheric conditions. Successful reproduction of radar amplitude enhancements and fades adds to our understanding of small-scale plasma irregularities and moves us toward our goal of providing precise predictions of radar system performance. Doing so will allow for the development of better mitigation/compensation algorithms for detrimental ionospheric effects. Result from this study also provide an assessment of the tools required for incorporating in situ density measurements along with phase screen theory into situational awareness products to offer an accurate nowcast/forecast of system impacts to users in the communication, navigation, and surveillance communities. C1 [Caton, R. G.; Carrano, C. S.; Alcala, C. M.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Sponseller, D.] Kwajalein Range Serv LLC, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Island. [Caton, R. G.; Groves, K. M.; Beach, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Carrano, C. S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Caton, RG (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM ronald.caton@hanscom.af.mil FU AFRL BAA [FA8718-06C-002]; SBIR [FA8718-07-C-0018] FX The authors would like to thank Katie Perrier and her team at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for processing the ALTAIR tracking scans used in this experiment and for answering all of our questions so thoroughly. The work at AER was supported by an AFRL BAA contract (FA8718-06C-002) and an SBIR (FA8718-07-C-0018). NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 8 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A12 DI 10.1029/2008RS004047 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 469YL UT WOS:000267937800003 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Magnetoquantum transport in a modulated 2D electron gas with spin-orbit interaction SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RESONANCE; ARRAY; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; OSCILLATIONS; CYCLOTRON; ANTIDOTS AB We investigate the effects of spin-orbit interaction (501) and plane-perpendicular magnetic field on the conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system in the presence of one-dimensional electrostatic modulation. The calculations are performed when a low-intensity, low-frequency external electric field is applied. The Kubo formula for the conductivity is employed in the calculation. The single-particle eigenstates which depend on the strengths of the magnetic field, the 501 and modulation potential, are calculated and then used to determine the conductivity. We present numerical results for the conductivity along the channels as well as the tunneling conductivity perpendicular to the constrictions as functions of the modulation potential, the SOI and the magnetic field. We demonstrate that the effect of finite frequency is to related to the reduction of both the longitudinal and transverse conductivities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 6 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 30 BP 2506 EP 2515 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.05.015 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 469SD UT WOS:000267919700002 ER PT J AU Wang, WJ Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Wang, Wenjing Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin TI User-input driven QoS management in ad hoc networks SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article CT 5th International ICST Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness CY JUL, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ICST DE Ad hoc networks; Translation functions; MAC; Routing; Interface ID IEEE-802.11 PROTOCOL; WIRELESS NETWORKS; SERVICES; DESIGN AB Though the network quality-of-service (QoS) metrics are defined in terms of technical parameters (e.g., delay, jitter, bandwidth), they are rather subjective when it comes to the end user. Oftentimes, the end user finds it difficult to express his desired QoS in such technical parameters, though he has a fair idea of what QoS he desires. In this paper, we show how translation functions can be devised and used to translate the user inputs to networking parameters that are used by various layers of the protocol stack. in particular, we consider an ad hoc network and show an interface design that uses translation functions to map user supplied inputs to parameters at the medium access control (MAC) and routing layers. These parameters, in turn, choose the right strategies that particular layer functionality can adopt, such that the QoS desired by the user is achieved. We also compute the associated costs due to the different strategies adopted. We implement the interface on ns-2 and conduct simulation experiments with randomly scattered IEEE 802.11 enabled nodes. Results show the functionality of the interface and demonstrate how delay, throughput, and network lifetime are affected when the end user seeks different levels of QoS. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Wenjing; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, WJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM wenjing@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil RI Wang, Wenjing/G-2022-2011 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1306 EP 1315 DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2008.11.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 476DG UT WOS:000268417300007 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Patnaik, SS Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Patnaik, Soumya S. Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI Heat transport in epoxy networks: A molecular dynamics study SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; Thermal conductivity; Epoxy network ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; SIMULATIONS; FILMS; COMPOSITES; PREDICTION; SILICON; SOLIDS; MODELS AB In this article, thermal behavior of an epoxy based thermoset polymer has been discussed using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations were performed on crosslinked network of EPON-862 and curing agent-W (DETDA) using consistent valence force field (CUFF). Thermal conductivity was calculated using both equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium molecular dynamics approaches and the results were found to be in good agreement with experimental findings. Different contributions of heat flux vector towards thermal conductivity and their possible coupling are discussed in terms of various convective and virial contributions. In addition, discussion of power spectra analysis of velocity autocorrelation function for crosslinked network shows a broad distribution of low frequency vibrational modes suggesting distribution of relaxation times. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Patnaik, Soumya S.; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@afmcx.net FU U.S. Air Force Contract [F33615-030D-5801, 0059] FX This work was performed under U.S. Air Force Contract No. F33615-030D-5801, 0059. The two lead authors (Varshney and Patnaik) greatly appreciate the financial support in performing this work. The authors are also thankful to Alan J. McGaughey, Sergei Shenogin and Pawel Keblinksi for their helpful discussions during the course of this study. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 14 BP 3378 EP 3385 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.027 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 468YD UT WOS:000267859700041 ER PT J AU Ben-Nun, M Mills, JD Hinde, RJ Winstead, CL Boatz, JA Gallup, GA Langhoff, PW AF Ben-Nun, M. Mills, J. D. Hinde, R. J. Winstead, C. L. Boatz, J. A. Gallup, G. A. Langhoff, P. W. TI Atomic Spectral-Product Representations of Molecular Electronic Structure: Metric Matrices and Atomic-Product Composition of Molecular Eigenfunctions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-BOND AB Recent progress is reported in development of ab initio computational methods for the electronic structures of molecules employing the many-electron eigenstates of constituent atoms in spectral-product forms. The approach provides a universal atomic-product description of the electronic structure of matter as an alternative to more commonly employed valence-bond- or molecular-orbital-based representations. The Hamiltonian matrix in this representation is seen to comprise a sum over atomic energies and a pairwise sum over Coulombic interaction terms that depend only on the separations of the individual atomic pairs. Overall electron antisymmetry can be enforced by unitary transformation when appropriate, rather than as a possibly encumbering or unnecessary global constraint. The matrix representative of the antisymmetrizer in the spectral-product basis, which is equivalent to the metric matrix of the corresponding explicitly antisymmetric basis, provides the required transformation to antisymmetric or linearly independent states after Hamiltonian evaluation. Particular attention is focused in the present report. on properties of the metric matrix and on the atomic-product compositions of molecular eigenstates as described in the spectral-product representations. Illustrative calculations are reported for simple but prototypically important diatomic (H(2), CH) and triatomic (H(3), CH(2)) molecules employing algorithms and computer codes devised recently for this purpose. This particular implementation of the approach combines Slater-orbital-based one- and two-electron integral evaluations, valence-bond constructions of standard tableau functions and matrices, and transformations to atomic eigenstate-product representations. The calculated metric matrices and corresponding potential energy surfaces obtained in this way elucidate a number of aspects of the spectral-product development, including the nature of closure in the representation, the general redundancy or linear dependence of its explicitly antisymmetrized form, the convergence of the apparently disparate atomic-product and explicitly antisymmetrized atomic-product forms to a common invariant subspace, and the nature of a chemical bonding descriptor provided by the atomic-product compositions of molecular eigenstates. Concluding remarks indicate additional studies in progress and the prognosis for performing atomic spectral-product calculations more generally and efficiently. C1 [Ben-Nun, M.; Langhoff, P. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ben-Nun, M.; Langhoff, P. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mills, J. D.; Boatz, J. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Hinde, R. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Winstead, C. L.] CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gallup, G. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Drs. J. A. Sheehy and S. L. Elbert for assistance and advice during the early stages of the investigation, and Professor J. A. McCammon for his kind hospitality and support throughout. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 26 BP 7687 EP 7697 DI 10.1021/jp901427x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 462VG UT WOS:000267384500062 PM 19552480 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Luckarift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Hybrid Antimicrobial Enzyme and Silver Nanoparticle Coatings for Medical Instruments SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; lysozyme; silver; nanoparticle; electrochemistry; coating ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; IN-SITU; ELECTRODEPOSITION; POLYMERIZATION; RESISTANCE; DRESSINGS; LYSOZYME; SURFACES; BURN AB We report a method for the synthesis of antimicrobial coatings on medical instruments that combines the bacteriolytic activity OF lysozyme and the biocidal properties of silver nanoparticles. Colloidal suspensions of lysozyme and silver nanoparticles were electrophoretically deposited onto the surface of stainless steel Surgical blades and needles. Electrode posited films firmly adhered to stainless steel surfaces even after extensive washing and retained the hydrolytic properties of lysozyme, The antimicrobial efficacy of coatings was tested by using blades and needles in an in vitro lytic assay designed to mimic the normal application OF the instruments. Coated blades and needles were used to make incisions and punctures, respectively, into agarose infused with bacterial cells. Cell lysis was seen at the contact sites, demonstrating that antimicrobial activity is transferred into the media, as well as retained on the surface of the blades and needles. Blade coatings also exhibited antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial species. In particular, coated blades demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, reducing cell viability by at least 3 log within 1.5 h For Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, and Bacillus subtilis and within 3 h for Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baylyi. The results confirmed that complex antimicrobial coatings can be created using facile methods for silver nanoparticle synthesis and electrodeposition. C1 [Eby, D. Matthew; Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Eby, D. Matthew; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Eby, DM (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX); Science Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense [AA06CBT008] FX We thank Karen Kelly at the University of Florida Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Electron Microscopy Core Lab, Gainsville, FL, For generating TEM images, Robert K. Nichols for helpful discussions on electrophoretic deposition, and Kenneth Strawhecker for assistance in AFM techniques. This work was supported through funding from the Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) and the joint Science Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Project Code AA06CBT008 (Ilya Elashvili, Jennifer Becker, and Stephen Lee, Program Managers). NR 41 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL PY 2009 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1553 EP 1560 DI 10.1021/am9002155 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 474UX UT WOS:000268310800028 PM 20355960 ER PT J AU Casazza, PG Fickus, M AF Casazza, Peter G. Fickus, Matthew TI Minimizing Fusion Frame Potential SO ACTA APPLICANDAE MATHEMATICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd SIAM Southeastern-Atlantic Section Conference on Wavelets and Sampling CY MAR 14-15, 2008 CL Univ Central Florida, Orlando, FL SP SIAM HO Univ Central Florida DE Frames; Fusion; Potential; Tight AB Fusion frames are an emerging topic of frame theory, with applications to encoding and distributed sensing. However, little is known about the existence of tight fusion frames. In traditional frame theory, one method for showing that unit norm tight frames exist is to characterize them as the minimizers of an energy functional, known as the frame potential. We generalize the frame potential to the fusion frame setting. In particular, we introduce the fusion frame potential, and show how its minimization is equivalent to the minimization of the traditional frame potential over a particular domain. We then study this minimization problem in detail. Specifically, we show that if the desired number of fusion frame subspaces is large, and if the desired dimension of these subspaces is small compared to the dimension of the underlying space, then a tight fusion frame of those dimensions will necessarily exist, being a minimizer of the fusion frame potential. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Casazza, Peter G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pete@math.missouri.edu; matthew.fickus@afit.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8019 J9 ACTA APPL MATH JI Acta Appl. Math. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10440-008-9377-1 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 457HE UT WOS:000266918300002 ER PT J AU Norfleet, DM Sarosi, PM Manchiraju, S Wagner, MFX Uchic, MD Anderson, PM Mills, MJ AF Norfleet, D. M. Sarosi, P. M. Manchiraju, S. Wagner, M. F. -X. Uchic, M. D. Anderson, P. M. Mills, M. J. TI Transformation-induced plasticity during pseudoelastic deformation in Ni-Ti microcrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Shape memory alloy; NiTi Pseudoelastic response; Micromechanics; Stress-strain response ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL NITI; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; COMPRESSION PILLARS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; TITANIUM; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB [110]-oriented microcrystals of solutionized 50.7 at.% Ni-Ti were prepared by focused ion beam machining and then tested in compression to investigate the stress-induced B2-to-B19' transformation in the pseudoelastic regime. The compression results indicate a sharp onset of the transformation, consistent with little prior plasticity. Post-mortem scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals no apparent retained martensite but rather it macroscopic band of dislocation activity within which are planar arrays of similar to 100 nm dislocation loops involving a single a < 010 >{101} slip system. Micromechanics analyses show that the angle of the band is consistent with activation of a favored martensite plate. Further, the stress from the individual variants within the plate is shown to favor activation of the observed slip system. The work done by the applied stress during the B2-to-B19' transformation is estimated to be similar to 34 MJ m(-3) at ambient temperature. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manchiraju, S.; Anderson, P. M.; Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Norfleet, D. M.] Engn Syst Inc, Aurora, IL 60504 USA. [Sarosi, P. M.] Gen Motors, R&D Tech Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Wagner, M. F. -X.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Werkstoffe, Lehrstuhl Werkstoffwissensch, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Labs RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mills, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM mills.108@osu.edu RI Wagner, Martin/A-6880-2008; Anderson, Peter/J-8315-2014; Mills, Michael/I-6413-2013; Manchiraju, Sivom/A-8497-2015; OI Wagner, Martin/0000-0003-4082-2618 FU Ohio Supercomputer Center [PAS0676-5] FX D.M.N., P.M.S. and M.J.M. acknowledge the support of the AFOSR Science and Technology Workforce for the 21st Century program. P.M.A. and S.M. acknowledge support from the Ohio Supercomputer Center (Grant PAS0676-5) for computing resources in the micromechanics modeling. NR 33 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 14 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3549 EP 3561 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.009 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 464SM UT WOS:000267527000012 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Dietrich, J Hagan, L AF Calabria, Christopher W. Dietrich, Jeffrey Hagan, Larry TI Comparison of serum-specific IgE (ImmunoCAP) and skin-prick test results for 53 inhalant allergens in patients with chronic rhinitis SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE Comparison; ImmunoCAP; inhalant allergy; in vitro; in vivo; Quintip; serum-specific IgE; skin prick testing ID PHARMACIA CAP SYSTEM; TEST REACTIVITY; BIRCH POLLEN; RAST; SENSITIVITY; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Prior studies comparing skin testing to serum-specific IgE testing for inhalant allergy focused on older technologies or small numbers of allergens. The purpose of this study was to compare ImmunoCAP (CAP) testing to skin prick testing (ST) for 53 inhalant allergens. Subjects :?:18 years old with chronic rhinitis and who had at least I positive ST to a 53 inhalant allergen panel underwent testing to an analogous CAP panel. ST was performed with the Quintip device. Using ST as a clinical gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for CAP for each allergen. Percent agreement between testing methods was also evaluated, and the results were analyzed in association with the subjects' total IgE levels. Two-hundred fifty patients (96 male, 154 female, mean 37.1 years) were enrolled. Mean number of positive ST and CAP results were similar. The ST was more often positive for 69.8% of allergens, and 64% of patients had more positive ST than CAP. Overall, the specificity and NPV (generally 80-90%) of CAP were higher than the sensitivity and PPV. The overall agreement between tests was 80.6%, with 11.7% ST+CAP- results and 7.7% CAP+ST- results. In patients with a total IgE level >= 200 IU/L, the percentage of positive CAP results for 52153 allergens was significantly higher with more CAP+ST- results. The performance characteristics of CAP compared to ST vary among 53 inhalant allergens. CAP should be considered complementary, not equivalent, to ST. Total IgE levels should be obtained with serum-specific IgE testing. (Allergy Asthma Proc 30:386-396, 2009; doi: 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3258) C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Dietrich, Jeffrey; Hagan, Larry] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Calabria, Christopher W.] Phadia Inc, Speakers Bur, Portage, MI USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil FU Phadia, Inc FX Research funded in part by Phadia, Inc NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 386 EP 396 DI 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3258 PG 11 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 485AD UT WOS:000269091600007 PM 19772760 ER PT J AU Counselman, FL Marco, CA Patrick, VC McKenzie, DA Monck, L Blum, FC Borg, K Coppola, M Gerard, WA Jorgenson, C Lazarus, J Moorhead, J Proctor, J Schmitz, GR Schneider, SM AF Counselman, Francis L. Marco, Catherine A. Patrick, Vicki C. McKenzie, David A. Monck, Luke Blum, Frederick C. Borg, Keith Coppola, Marco Gerard, W. Anthony Jorgenson, Claudia Lazarus, JoAnn Moorhead, John Proctor, John Schmitz, Gillian R. Schneider, Sandra M. TI A study of the workforce in emergency medicine: 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FUTURE; CARE AB Introduction: This study was undertaken to describe the current status of the emergency medicine workforce in the United States. Methods: Surveys were distributed in 2008 to 2619 emergency department (ED) medical directors and nurse managers in hospitals in the 2006 American Hospital Association database. Results: Among ED medical directors, 713 responded, for a 27.2% response rate. Currently, 65% of practicing emergency physicians are board certified by the American Board of Emergency Medicine or the American Osteopathic Board of Emergency Medicine. Among those leaving the practice, the most common reasons cited for departure include geographic relocation (46%) and better pay (29%). Approximately 12% of the ED physician workforce is expected to retire in the next 5 years. Among nurse managers, 548 responded, for a 21% response rate. Many nurses (46%) have an associate degree as their highest level of education, 28% have a BSN, and 3% have a graduate degree (MSN or higher). Geographic relocation (44%) is the leading reason for changing employment. Emergency department annual volumes have increased by 49% since 1997, with a mean ED volume of 32 281 in 2007. The average reported ED length of stay is 158 minutes from registration to discharge and 208 minutes from registration to admission. Emergency department spent an average of 49 hours per month in ambulance diversion in 2007. Boarding is common practice, with an average of 318 hours of patient boarding per month. Conclusions: In the past 10 years, the number of practicing emergency physicians has grown to more than 42 000. The number of board-certified emergency physicians has increased. The number of annual ED visits has risen significantly. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marco, Catherine A.] Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Counselman, Francis L.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Emergency Med, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Patrick, Vicki C.] Univ Texas Arlington, Sch Nursing, Grad Program, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [McKenzie, David A.] Amer Coll Emergency Phy, Irving, TX 75261 USA. [Monck, Luke] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10102 USA. [Monck, Luke] Booz Allen Hamilton, New York, NY 10102 USA. [Monck, Luke] Baruch Coll, New York, NY 10102 USA. [Blum, Frederick C.] W Virginia Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Blum, Frederick C.] Amer Coll Emergency Phys, Dallas, TX USA. [Borg, Keith] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Coppola, Marco] Plaza Med Ctr Ft Worth, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Worth, TX 76104 USA. [Gerard, W. Anthony] Good Samaritan Hosp, Lebanon, PA 17042 USA. [Jorgenson, Claudia] Emergency Nurses Assoc, Department Profess Practice, Des Plaines, IL 60016 USA. [Lazarus, JoAnn] Blue Jay Consulting LLC, Emergency Serv, Orlando, FL 32839 USA. [Moorhead, John] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Proctor, John] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, So Hills Med Ctr, Team Hlth, Nashville, TN 38163 USA. [Schmitz, Gillian R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Schneider, Sandra M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Marco, CA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. EM cmarco2@aol.com FU The American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors; Emergency Medicine Foundation, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association, ENA, GE Healthcare, and The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of The American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, Emergency Medicine Foundation, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association, ENA, GE Healthcare, and The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 6 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.014 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 477SO UT WOS:000268539200008 PM 19751626 ER PT J AU Salazar, JD Coleman, RD Griffith, S McNeil, JD Steigelman, M Young, H Hensler, B Dixon, P Calhoon, J Serrano, F DiGeronimo, R AF Salazar, Jorge D. Coleman, Ryan D. Griffith, Stephen McNeil, Jeffrey D. Steigelman, Megan Young, Haven Hensler, Bart Dixon, Patricia Calhoon, John Serrano, Faridis DiGeronimo, Robert TI Selective Cerebral Perfusion: Real-Time Evidence of Brain Oxygen and Energy Metabolism Preservation SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST; LOW-FLOW PERFUSION; AORTIC-ARCH RECONSTRUCTION; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; TISSUE OXYGEN; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; NEURONAL INJURY; PORCINE MODEL; MICRODIALYSIS; CHILDREN AB Background. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is commonly used for complex cardiac operations in children, often with selective cerebral perfusion (SCP). Little data exist concerning the real-time effects of DHCA with or without SCP on cerebral metabolism. Our objective was to better define these effects, focusing on brain oxygenation and energy metabolism. Methods. Piglets undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were assigned to either 60 minutes of DHCA at 18 degrees C (n = 9) or DHCA with SCP at 18 degrees C (n = 8), using pH-stat management. SCP was administered at 10 mL/kg/min. A cerebral microdialysis catheter was implanted into the cortex for monitoring of cellular ischemia and energy stores. Cerebral oxygen tension and intracranial pressure also were monitored. After DHCA with or without SCP, animals were recovered for 4 hours off cardiopulmonary bypass. Results. With SCP, brain oxygen tension was preserved in contrast to DHCA alone (p < 0.01). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was associated with marked elevations of lactate (p < 0.01), glycerol (p < 0.01), and the lactate to pyruvate ratio (p < 0.001), as well as profound depletion of the energy substrates glucose (p < 0.001) and pyruvate (p < 0.001). These changes persisted well into recovery. With SCP, no significant cerebral microdialysis changes were observed. A strong correlation was demonstrated between cerebral oxygen levels and cerebral microdialysis markers (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Selective cerebral perfusion preserves cerebral oxygenation and attenuates derangements in cerebral metabolism associated with DHCA. Cerebral microdialysis provides real-time metabolic feedback that correlates with changes in brain tissue oxygenation. This model enables further study and refinement of strategies aiming to limit brain injury in children requiring complex cardiac operations. (Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:162-9) (C) 2009 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons C1 [Salazar, Jorge D.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Div Congenital Heart Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Neurosurg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Salazar, JD (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Div Congenital Heart Surg, 6621 Fannin St,WT 19345H, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jdsalaza@texaschildrens.org FU United States Air Force Surgeon General [FWH20060002A] FX This research was funded by the office of the United States Air Force Surgeon General, Protocol No. FWH20060002A. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 88 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.03.084 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 464ZV UT WOS:000267550600026 PM 19559218 ER PT J AU Chebira, A Fickus, M Kovacevic, J AF Chebira, Amina Fickus, Matthew Kovacevic, Jelena TI Classifying compact convex sets with frames SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Classification; Frames; Convex sets; Decision rule ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; SEGMENTATION; EXTRACTION; IMAGES AB Classification is a fundamental image processing task. Recent empirical evidence Suggests that classification algorithms which make use of redundant linear transforms will regularly Outperform their nonredundant counterparts. We provide a rigorous explanation of this phenomenon in the single-class case. We begin by developing a measure-theoretic analysis of the set of points at which a given decision rule will have an intolerable chance of making a classification error. We then apply this general theory to the special case where the class is compact and convex, showing that such a class may be arbitrarily well approximated by frame sets, namely, preimages of hyperrectangles under frame analysis operators. This leads to a frame-based classification scheme in which frame coefficients are regarded as features. We show that, indeed, the accuracy of such a classification scheme approaches perfect accuracy as the redundancy of the frame grows large. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chebira, Amina; Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Chebira, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Hamerschlag Hall,C 119,5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM achebira@ieee.org FU NSF [CCF-0515152, EF-0331657]; AFOSR [F1ATA07337J001]; Pennsylvania State Tobacco Settlement; Kamlet-Smith Bioinformatics Grant FX We would like to thank Gustavo K. Rohde, Martin Vetterli and Jose F. Moura for helpful discussions. We also thank the three anonymous referees for their many useful suggestions, several of which greatly clarified and simplified the arguments of the second section. This work was supported by NSF grants CCF-0515152 and EF-0331657, AFOSR grant F1ATA07337J001 as well as the Pennsylvania State Tobacco Settlement, Kamlet-Smith Bioinformatics Grant. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2008.11.002 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 452VY UT WOS:000266570500006 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Goodhue, WD Woods, CL Kierstead, J Khoury, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Goodhue, William D. Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Khoury, Jed TI Optical-limiter MEMS dynamic range compression deconvolution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATOR; BIAS AB We propose dynamic range compression deconvolution by a new nonlinear optical-limiter microelectromechanical system (NOLMEMS) device. The NOLMEMS uses aperturized, reflected coherent light from optically addressed, parabolically deformable mirrors. The light is collimated by an array of microlenses. The reflected light saturates as a function of optical drive intensity. In this scheme, a joint image of the blurred input information and the blur impulse response is captured and sent to a spatial light modulator (SLM). The joint information on the SLM is read through a laser beam and is Fourier transformed by a lens to the back of the NOLMEMS device. The output from the NOLMEMS is Fourier transformed to produce the restored image. We derived the input-output nonlinear transfer function of our NOLMEMS device, which relates the transmitted light from the pinhole to the light intensity incident on the back side of the device, and exhibits saturation. We also analyzed the deconvolution orders for this device, using a nonlinear transform method. Computer simulation of image deconvolution by the NOLMEMS device is also presented. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.; Khoury, Jed] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Goodhue, William D.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Haji-Saeed, B (reprint author), Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 19 BP 3771 EP 3787 DI 10.1364/AO.48.003771 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 477LI UT WOS:000268520200031 PM 19571936 ER PT J AU Scott, WJ AF Scott, Wilbur J. TI Women in the Military and Armed Conflict SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Scott, Wilbur J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Scott, WJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 455CT UT WOS:000266735100014 ER PT J AU Scott, WJ AF Scott, Wilbur J. TI Social Sciences and the Military: An Interdisciplinary Overview SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Scott, Wilbur J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Scott, WJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 455CT UT WOS:000266735100013 ER PT J AU Mercer, CA Kaliappan, A Dennis, PB AF Mercer, Carol A. Kaliappan, Alagammai Dennis, Patrick B. TI A novel, human Atg13 binding protein, Atg101, interacts with ULK1 and is essential for macroautophagy SO AUTOPHAGY LA English DT Article DE Atg13; Atg101; ULK1; macroautophagy; GST-BHMT ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AUTOPHAGOSOME FORMATION; MOLECULAR MACHINERY; KINASE COMPLEX; YEAST; ORGANIZATION; CYTOPLASM; CLEAVAGE; MUTANTS; ELEGANS AB Macroautophagy is an intracellular, vesicle-mediated mechanism for the sequestration and ultimate lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic proteins, organelles and macromolecules. The macroautophagy process and many of the autophagy-specific (Atg) proteins are remarkably well conserved in higher eukaryotes. In yeast, the Atg1 kinase complex includes Atg1, Atg13, Atg17, and at least four other interacting proteins, some of which are phosphorylated in a TOR-dependent manner, placing the Atg1 signaling complex downstream of a major nutrient-sensing pathway. Atg1 orthologs, including mammalian unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), have been identified in higher eukaryotes and have been functionally linked to autophagy. This suggests that other components of the Atg1 complex exist in higher eukaryotes. Recently, a putative human Atg13 ortholog, FLJ20698, was identified by gapped-BLAST analysis. We show here that FLJ20698 (Atg13) is a ULK1-interacting phosphoprotein that is essential for macroautophagy. Furthermore, we identify a novel, human Atg13-interacting protein, FLJ11773, which we have termed Atg101. Atg101 is essential for autophagy and interacts with ULK1 in an Atg13-dependent manner. Additionally, we present evidence that intracellular localization of the ULK1 complex is regulated by nutrient conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that Atg101 stabilizes the expression of Atg13 in the cell, suggesting that Atg101 contributes to Atg13 function by protecting Atg13 from proteasomal degradation. Therefore, the identification of the novel protein, Atg101, and the validation of Atg13 and Atg101 as ULK1-interacting proteins, suggests an Atg1 complex is involved in the induction of macroautophagy in mammalian cells. C1 [Mercer, Carol A.; Kaliappan, Alagammai; Dennis, Patrick B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Canc & Cell Biol, Genome Res Inst, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Dennis, PB (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.dennis@wright.edu NR 38 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 5 U2 22 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8627 J9 AUTOPHAGY JI Autophagy PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 BP 649 EP 662 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 473KQ UT WOS:000268205300008 PM 19287211 ER PT J AU Weitzel, EK Flottmann, JT McMains, KC AF Weitzel, Erik K. Flottmann, Jay T. McMains, K. Chris TI Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Drillout for Recurrent Barotrauma: A Procedure to Save a Pilot's Career SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endoscopic sinus surgery; endoscopic modified lothrop procedure; frontal drillout; Draf III; recurrent sinus barotrauma ID LOTHROP PROCEDURE; SURGERY; AVIATORS AB Introduction: Complete sphenoethmoidectomy with a Draf IIA frontal dissection is the standard of care Surgical management for medically resistant diffuse recurrent sinus barotrauma. Surgical failures still occur with this technique mainly due to the propensity of the frontal outflow tract to stenose. Endoscopic frontal revisions are notoriously prone to failure and historically represented the only option for aircrew afflicted by this career-ending complication Of Surgery. The frontal sinus drillout or endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) offers a highly successful salvage surgery for postoperative frontal ostium stenosis and is particularly Suited to he physiologic requirements of the aviator. Case: A high-performance aircraft pilot developed frontal stenosis after extensive sinus surgery for recurrent sinus barotrauma. Multiple failed endoscopic attempts to rehabilitate his sinuses finally gave way to Success using the EMLP. He was returned permanently to flight duty, at 6 wk post-op. Discussion: This case report represents the first published successful application of the modified endoscopic Lothrop procedure to a pilot with recurrent frontal sinus barotrauma. C1 [Weitzel, Erik K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Rhinol Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Rhinol Sect, 2260 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@lackland.af.mil OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 BP 660 EP 662 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2513.2009 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 464TS UT WOS:000267530700013 PM 19601511 ER PT J AU Copelan, EA Crilley, PA Szer, J Dodds, AJ Stevenson, D Phillips, G Elder, P Nivison-Smith, I Avalos, BR Penza, S Topolsky, D Sobecks, R Kalaycio, M Bowell, BJ AF Copelan, Edward A. Crilley, Pamela Ann Szer, Jeffrey Dodds, Anthony J. Stevenson, Dustin Phillips, Gary Elder, Patrick Nivison-Smith, Ian Avalos, Belinda R. Penza, Sam Topolsky, David Sobecks, Ronald Kalaycio, Matt Bowell, Brian J. TI Late Mortality and Relapse following BuCy2 and HLA-Identical Sibling Marrow Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE CML; Long-term follow-up; Relapse ID CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; PREPARATIVE REGIMEN; CHRONIC-PHASE; BUSULFAN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; REMISSION; SURVIVAL AB Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only known curative therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Failure, because of relapse or nonrelapse mortality (NRM), generally occurs within 3 years of transplantation, but large studies with long-term follow-up are limited. We present mature results in 335 patients with CML who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-identical siblings following busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BU/Cy2). Two hundred twenty-nine were in chronic phase (CP) and 106 in accelerated or blastic phase at transplantation. Median follow-up exceeded 14 years. The estimated probability of 18-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) for CP patients was 55.6% and for those beyond CP, 10.5%. Of 182 patients who survived leukemia-free at 3 years, the estimated probability of LFS at 18 years was 61.9%. Late relapse (P = .039) and late NRM (P = .008) occurred at higher rates in patients beyond CP at transplantation. There was no plateau in LFS. C1 [Copelan, Edward A.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Taussig Canc Inst, Dept Hematol Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Crilley, Pamela Ann; Topolsky, David] Drexel Univ, Hahnemann Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Szer, Jeffrey] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Clin Hematol & BMT Serv, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. [Dodds, Anthony J.; Nivison-Smith, Ian] St Vincents Hosp, Hematol & BMT, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Stevenson, Dustin] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Phillips, Gary] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Biostat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Elder, Patrick; Avalos, Belinda R.; Penza, Sam] Ohio State Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Copelan, EA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Taussig Canc Inst, Dept Hematol Oncol, 9500 Euclid Ave,R35, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM copelac@ccf.org OI Szer, Jeff/0000-0001-6783-2301 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 851 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.03.013 PG 5 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 465MD UT WOS:000267588300011 PM 19539217 ER PT J AU Gunzelmann, G Gross, JB Gluck, KA Dinges, DF AF Gunzelmann, Glenn Gross, Joshua B. Gluck, Kevin A. Dinges, David F. TI Sleep Deprivation and Sustained Attention Performance: Integrating Mathematical and Cognitive Modeling SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Attention; Computational model; ACT-R cognitive architecture; Alertness; Psychomotor vigilance test; Sleep deprivation ID PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; NEURAL BASIS; TASK; FATIGUE; ALERTNESS; HUMANS; WAKEFULNESS; PHYSIOLOGY; ACCIDENTS AB A long history of research has revealed many neurophysiological changes and concomitant behavioral impacts of sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, and circadian rhythms. Little research, however, has been conducted in the area of computational cognitive modeling to understand the information processing mechanisms through which neurobehavioral factors operate to produce degradations in human performance. Our approach to understanding this relationship is to link predictions of overall cognitive functioning, or alertness, from existing biomathematical models to information processing parameters in a cognitive architecture, leveraging the strengths from each to develop a more comprehensive explanation. The integration of these methodologies is used to account for changes in human performance on a sustained attention task across 88 h of total sleep deprivation. The integrated model captures changes due to time awake and circadian rhythms, and it also provides an account for underlying changes in the cognitive processes that give rise to those effects. The results show the potential for developing mechanistic accounts of how fatigue impacts cognition, and they illustrate the increased explanatory power that is possible by combining theoretical insights from multiple methodologies. C1 [Gunzelmann, Glenn] USAF, Res Lab, RHAC, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gross, Joshua B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gunzelmann, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RHAC, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM glenn.gunzelmann@us.af.mil NR 70 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-0213 EI 1551-6709 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 880 EP 910 DI 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01032.x PG 31 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 473OB UT WOS:000268216000007 PM 21585489 ER PT J AU Stockman, ES Zaidi, SH Miles, RB Carter, CD Ryan, MD AF Stockman, Emanuel S. Zaidi, Sohail H. Miles, Richard B. Carter, Campbell D. Ryan, Michael D. TI Measurements of combustion properties in a microwave enhanced flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Hydrocarbon combustion; Microwave; Electric field; PIV flame speed; Rayleigh temperature; OH-PLIF; Plasma assisted combustion ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; PREMIXED FLAMES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; BURNING VELOCITY; METHANE; PLASMA; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; SPEEDS AB Microwave induced flame speed enhancement is quantified in a laminar, premixed CH4/air wall stagnation flat flame. Experiments were performed in a high Q microwave cavity with the cavity tuned so that the maximum microwave field is located in the vicinity of a flat flame front. Equivalence ratios were varied between 0.6 and 0.8. When the flame is radiated by a continuous wave microwave field of approximately 5 kV/cm, the flame front is observed to move towards the burner exit and stabilize at a standoff distance corresponding to a flame speed increase of up to 20%. No microwave discharge is observed, indicating that the enhanced flame speed arises from microwave energy deposited directly into the reaction zone through Coupling to the weakly ionized gas in that region. Laser diagnostics were performed to quantify temperature increase, the laminar flame speed enhancement, and changes in the OH radical concentration through filtered Rayleigh scattering, particle image velocimetry, and planar laser induced fluorescence, respectively. These measurements indicate that microwave radiation may prove to be an effective means to non-invasively control and enhance flame stability in combustors. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved. C1 [Stockman, Emanuel S.; Zaidi, Sohail H.; Miles, Richard B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Michael D.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45332 USA. RP Stockman, ES (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM estockma@princeton.edu OI Stockman, Emanuel/0000-0002-4891-5184 FU Research Science Instruments; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Scholar Program; Princeton Program in Plasma Sciences and Technology FX Initial support for this research was provided by Research Science Instruments and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through an STTR under technical monitor, Dr Julian Tishkoff. Emanuel Stockman thanks the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Scholar Program and the Princeton Program in Plasma Sciences and Technology for graduate funding, as well as Dr. Philip Efthimion for his expertise and the lending of his microwave equipment. The PIV measurements were performed using laser and camera equipment loaned by Professor Yiguang Ju at Princeton University. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2009 VL 156 IS 7 BP 1453 EP 1461 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.02.006 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 456OU UT WOS:000266857300014 ER PT J AU Cannon, JW Smith, DL AF Cannon, Jeremy W. Smith, David L. TI The pediatric care crisis in Iraq SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Cannon, Jeremy W.; Smith, David L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cannon, JW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 7 BP 2322 EP 2322 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a9f7db PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 461DQ UT WOS:000267245200037 PM 19535936 ER PT J AU Parra, SL Wisco, OJ AF Parra, Sylvia L. Wisco, Oliver J. TI What Is Your Diagnosis? SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Parra, Sylvia L.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Parra, SL (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 477NQ UT WOS:000268526200002 PM 19743718 ER PT J AU Miley, GH Momota, H Wu, L Reilly, MP Burton, R Teofilo, VL Dell, D Dell, R Hargus, WA AF Miley, George H. Momota, Hiromu Wu, Linchun Reilly, Michael P. Burton, Rodney Teofilo, Vince L. Dell, Dick Dell, Richard Hargus, William A. TI SPACE PROBE APPLICATION OF IEC THRUSTERS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, No California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Earlier studies have described Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) fusion power concepts using either D-He-3 or p-B-11 fuels to provide a high-power density fusion propulsion system capable of aggressive deep space missions. However, this requires a large multi-GW thruster forcing a long term development program. As a first step, we examine here a progression of near-term IEC thrusters, stating with a 1-10 kWe electrically-driven IEC jet thruster for satellites followed by a small 50-100 kW IEC fusion thruster module for next generation large deep space spacecraft. The initial electrically-powered unit is a novel multi-jet plasma thruster based on spherical IEC technology using electrical input power from a solar panel. This type of unit is discussed and its advantages for next step electrically driven units are identified. C1 [Miley, George H.; Momota, Hiromu; Wu, Linchun; Reilly, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Burton, Rodney] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Teofilo, Vince L.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Dell, Dick; Dell, Richard] AARC, Raleigh, NC 27624 USA. [Hargus, William A.] AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Miley, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghmiley@illinois.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 464ZF UT WOS:000267549000092 ER PT J AU Cotton, PB Garrow, DA Gallagher, J Romagnuolo, J AF Cotton, Peter B. Garrow, Donald A. Gallagher, Joseph Romagnuolo, Joseph TI Risk factors for complications after ERCP: a multivariate analysis of 11,497 procedures over 12 years SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Digestive Disease Week Meeting/108th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association CY MAY 19-24, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc, Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis, Amer Soc Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Soc Surg Alimentary Tract ID ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER; THERAPEUTIC ERCP; ODDI MANOMETRY; SINGLE-CENTER; CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS; ACUTE-PANCREATITIS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SPHINCTEROTOMY; CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS AB Background: Complications of ERCP are an important concern. We sought to determine predictors of post-ERCP complications at our institution. Methods: G1 TRAC is a comprehensive data set of patients who underwent ERCP at Our institution from 1994 through 2006. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate 4 categories of complications: (1) overall complications, (2) pancreatitis, (3) bleeding, and (4) severe or fatal complications, independent predictors of complications were determined with multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 11,497 ERCP procedures were analyzed. There were 462 complications (4.0%), 42 of which were severe (0.36%) and 7 were fatal (0.06%). Specific complications of pancreatitis (2.6%) and bleeding (0.3%) were identified. Overall complications were statistically more likely among individuals with Suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.91) and after a biliary sphincterotomy (OR 1.32). Subjects with a history of acute or chronic pancreatitis (OR 0.78) or who received a temporary small-caliber pancreatic stent (OR 0.69) had fewer complications. Post-ERCP pancreatitis was more likely to Occur after a pancreatogram via the major papilla (OR 1.70) or minor papilla (OR 1.54) and among Subjects With Suspected SOD with stent placement (OR 1.45) Or Without stent placement (OR 1.84). Individuals undergoing biliary-stent exchange had less-frequent pancreatitis (OR 0.38). Biliary sphincterotomy was associated with bleeding (OR 4.71). Severe or fatal complications were associated with severe (OR 2.38) and incapacitating (OR 7.65) systemic disease, obesity (OR 5.18), known or suspected bile-duct stones (OR 4.08), pancreatic manometry (OR 3.57), and complex (grade 3) procedures (OR 2.86). Conclusions: This study characterizes a large series of ERCP procedures from a single institution and outlines I the incidence and predictors of complications. (Gastrointest Endosc 2009;70:80-8.) C1 [Cotton, Peter B.; Garrow, Donald A.; Romagnuolo, Joseph] Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Gallagher, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cotton, PB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 25 Courtenay Dr,ART 7100A,MSC 290, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM cottonp@musc.edu NR 38 TC 194 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.039 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 464RI UT WOS:000267523200012 PM 19286178 ER PT J AU Drummond, J Christou, J Nelson, J AF Drummond, Jack Christou, Julian Nelson, Jerry TI Triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and poles of asteroids from AO observations at the Keck-II telescope SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Adaptive optics ID LIGHTCURVE INVERSION; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; PHOTOMETRIC DATA; 532 HERCULINA; SHAPE; SIZE; OCCULTATION; DENSITY; MODELS; PALLAS AB Five main belt asteroids, 2 Pallas, 129 Antigone, 409 Aspasia, 532 Herculina, and 704 Interamnia were imaged with the adaptive optics system on the 10 m Keck-II telescope in the near infrared on one night, August 16, 2006. The three axis dimensions and rotational poles were determined for Pallas, Antigone, Aspasia, and Interamnia, from their changing apparent sizes and shapes as measured with parametric blind deconvolution. The rotational pole found for Interamnia is much different from all previous work, including our own at Lick Observatory the previous month. Although images of Herculina were obtained at only two rotational phases, its rotation appears to be opposite to that predicted from the lightcurve inversion model of M. Kaasalainen, J. Torppa, and J. Piironen [2002. Icarus 159, 369-395]. A search for satellites was made in all of the asteroid images, with negative results, but three trailing stars around Herculina (200 km diameter), down to 8.9 magnitudes fainter and between 1 and 115 asteroid radii (100 to 11,500 km) from the asteroid, establishes an upper limit of 3.3 km for any object with the same albedo near Herculina. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Drummond, Jack] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christou, Julian; Nelson, Jerry] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.011 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460ZD UT WOS:000267231000013 ER PT J AU West, JC Steyskal, H AF West, James C. Steyskal, Hans TI Analysis and Feeding of a Spiral Element Used in a Planar Array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Broadband arrays; phased arrays; spiral antennas ID PHASED-ARRAYS; SCATTERING AB The operation of a previously introduced planar array consisting of square spiral radiating elements has been analyzed by both numerical simulation and a transmission line model. The numerical results show that previously unexplained narrow resonances in the active impedance of the spiral elements result from standing waves excited on the elements through coupling from other elements. The transmission line analysis confirms that the standing waves can only be established when the spiral arm lengths are simultaneously multiples of one half the operating wavelength. The standing wave is excited only by asymmetric coupling, so the resonances are strongly established only for off-broadside scan. A method to feed the unbalanced load presented by an asymmetric spiral that is immune to the narrow resonances is proposed. C1 [West, James C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Steyskal, Hans] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP West, JC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jim.west@okstate.edu; hans.steyskal.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1931 EP 1935 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2021912 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 471ES UT WOS:000268039000008 ER PT J AU Graham, S Baliga, G Kumar, PR AF Graham, Scott Baliga, Girish Kumar, P. R. TI Abstractions, Architecture, Mechanisms, and a Middleware for Networked Control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Abstractions; architecture; mechanisms; middleware; networked control; networked embedded control systems; third generation control ID SOFTWARE; SYSTEMS AB We focus on the mechanism half of the policy-mechanism divide for networked control systems, and address the issue of what are the appropriate abstractions and architecture to facilitate their development and deployment. We propose an abstraction of "virtual collocation" and its realization by the software infrastructure of middleware. Control applications are to be developed as a collection of software components that communicate with each other through the middleware, called Etherware. The middleware handles the complexities of network operation, such as addressing, start-up, configuration and interfaces, by encapsulating application components in "Shells" which mediate component interactions with the rest of the system. The middleware also provides mechanisms to alleviate the effects of uncertain delays and packet losses over wireless channels, component failures, and distributed clocks. This is done through externalization of component state, with primitives to capture and reuse it for component restarts, upgrades, and migration, and through services such as clock synchronization. We further propose an accompanying use of local temporal autonomy for reliability, and describe the implementation as well as some experimental results over a traffic control testbed. C1 [Graham, Scott] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baliga, Girish] Google, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Kumar, P. R.] Univ Illinois, CSL, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kumar, P. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM scott.graham@afit.edu; baliga@google.com; prkumar@illinois.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 FU USARO [W911NF-08-1-0238, W-911-NF-0710287]; NSF [ECCS-0701604, CNS-07-21992, CNS-0626584, CNS-05-19535, CCR-0325716]; DARPA/AFOSR [F49620-02-1-0325]; DARPA [N00014-0-1-10576]; AFOSR [F49620-02-1-0217] FX This work was supported in part by USARO Contracts W911NF-08-1-0238 and W-911-NF-0710287, NSF Contracts ECCS-0701604, CNS-07-21992, CNS-0626584, CNS-05-19535, and CCR-0325716, DARPA/AFOSR Contract F49620-02-1-0325, DARPA Contact N00014-0-1-10576, and AFOSR Contract F49620-02-1-0217. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1490 EP 1503 DI 10.1109/TAC.2009.2022094 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 471EK UT WOS:000268038100005 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ Sahni, M Methaprayoon, K Kwan, C Ren, ZB Sheeley, JM AF Lee, Wei-Jen Sahni, Mandhir Methaprayoon, K. Kwan, Chiman Ren, Zhubing Sheeley, Joseph M. TI A Novel Approach for Arcing Fault Detection for Medium-/Low-Voltage Switchgear SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE, IAS DE Arcing fault; differential protection and harmonics; switchgear AB Switchgear arcing faults have been a primary cause for concern for the manufacturing industry and safety personnel alike. The deregulation of the power industry being in full swing and the ever-growing competitiveness in the distribution sector call for the transition from preventive to predictive maintenance. Switchgears form an integral part of the distribution system in any power system setup. Keeping in mind the switchgear arcing faults, the aforementioned transition applies, most of all, to the switchgear industry. Apart from the fact that it is the primary cause of serious injuries to electrical workers worldwide, switchgear arcing faults directly affect the quality and continuity of electric power to the consumers. A great amount of technological advancement has taken place in the development of arc-resistant/proof switchgears. However, most of these applications focus on minimizing the damage after the occurrence of the arcing fault. The problem associated with the compromise on the quality and continuity of electric power in such a scenario still awaits a technical as well as economically feasible solution. This paper describes the development of a novel approach for the detection of arcing faults in medium-/low-voltage switchgears. The basic concept involves the application of differential protection for the detection of any arcing within the switchgear. The new approach differs from the traditional differential concept in the fact that it employs higher frequency harmonic components of the line current as the input for the differential scheme. Actual arc-generating test benches have been set up in the Power System Simulation Laboratory at the Energy Systems Research Center to represent both medium-and low-voltage levels. Hall effect sensors in conjunction with Data Acquisition in LabVIEW are employed to record the line current data before, during, and after the arcing phenomenon. The methodology is first put to test via simulation approach for medium-voltage levels and then corroborated by actual hardware laboratory testing for low-voltage levels. The plots derived from the data gathering and simulation process clearly underline the efficiency of this approach to detect switchgear arcing faults. Both magnitude and phase differential concepts seem to provide satisfactory results. Apart from the technical efficiency, the approach is financially feasible, considering the fact that the differential protection is already being comprehensively employed worldwide. C1 [Lee, Wei-Jen; Sahni, Mandhir; Methaprayoon, K.] Univ Texas Arlington, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kwan, Chiman; Ren, Zhubing] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Sheeley, Joseph M.] Arnold AFB, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Facil & Test Technol Sect, Tullahoma, TN 37389 USA. RP Lee, WJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wlee@uta.edu; mandhir.sahni@gmail.com; k.methaprayoon@gmail.com; chiman.kwon@signalpro.net; zhubren@i-a-i.com; joseph.sheeley@arnold.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 EI 1939-9367 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1483 DI 10.1109/TIA.2009.2023559 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 474KH UT WOS:000268281700033 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ Crittenden, PE AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. Crittenden, Paul E. TI A Novel Method for Determining the R-Card Sheet Impedance Using the Transmission Coefficient Measured in Free-Space or Waveguide Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Material measurements; permittivity; R-card; sheet impedance; transmission coefficient ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; RESISTIVE SHEET; THIN STRIPS AB Free-space and rectangular waveguide techniques for determining the effective complex permittivity and, ultimately, the effective sheet impedance of an R-card using the forward transmission coefficient are presented. The advantage of using a transmission coefficient method instead of a more traditional reflection-based technique is discussed. The exact transcendental expressions relating the transmission coefficient and effective complex permittivity are derived and approximated using the Maclaurin series for sine and cosine. It is shown that the Maclaurin series expansion leads to simple closed-form solutions to the effective complex permittivity and avoids the use of sensitive and often unstable root search algorithms, which are necessary to solve transcendental equations. The accuracy of the approximations is directly related to the R-card's thickness and wavenumber. Free-space (4-16 GHz) and waveguide (8.2-12.4 GHz) measurements are made using two R-cards of differing thicknesses and impedances to demonstrate the method and regimes of validity. An uncertainty analysis is also performed to demonstrate the robustness of the technique. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Crittenden, Paul E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Sergey Kharkovsky. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. M. W. Hyde, IV NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2228 EP 2233 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2013673 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 458YA UT WOS:000267064300023 ER PT J AU Lambrecht, MR Cartwright, KL Baum, CE Schamiloglu, E AF Lambrecht, Michael R. Cartwright, Keith L. Baum, Carl E. Schamiloglu, Edl TI Electromagnetic Modeling of Hot-Wire Detonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Detonator; electro-explosive device (EED); modeling; transmission line AB An effort is underway to determine the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of hot-wire detonators in order to quantify more precisely how they might respond to modern EM illumination. These analyses provide a precise tailored approach to EM safety and insights into IEEE Standard C95.7-2005. The analyses include a comprehensive investigation of physical detonator characteristics, which is then used to model detonators using EM theory. The theoretical analysis treats the detonator as a cascaded transmission line incorporating several different dielectric regions, and examines both differential and common mode excitation for a generic detonator geometry. This model is then implemented in MATLAB and is used to calculate the input impedance for the detonator from dc to 9 GHz. This program can then be used to quickly investigate similarly constructed hot-wire detonators by simply varying the input parameters. The model is used to predict the input impedance for a state-of-the-art blasting cap, and these predictions are then compared with experimental measurements. C1 [Lambrecht, Michael R.; Baum, Carl E.; Schamiloglu, Edl] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lambrecht, Michael R.; Cartwright, Keith L.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87106 USA. RP Lambrecht, MR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1707 EP 1713 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2022811 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 471DG UT WOS:000268034500011 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, K Roberts, G Wang, XR Thorp, J AF Hopkinson, Kenneth Roberts, Gregory Wang, Xiaoru Thorp, James TI Quality-of-Service Considerations in Utility Communication Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Background traffic; protection and control; quality of service (QOS); simulation; utility intranet ID SYSTEMS; PROTECTION; POWER AB This paper discusses the impact that communication will have on the electric power grid in the future. Recent efforts, such as UCA 2.0 and IEC 61850, are establishing a standard way for electric power substations, intelligent electronic devices, and other apparatus to communicate over data networks. These efforts pave the way to a future where protection and control of the electric power grid will migrate towards a common utility intranet. The intranet will almost certainly be based on Internet standards due to their widespread use, low cost, and easy migration path over time. A utility intranet, common to the utilities but separate from the Internet, will allow for the eventual connection of regional substations, equipment, and control centers throughout the grid. The transition will allow capabilities beyond what is currently available, but it requires a careful understanding of the implications for network capacity constraints, protocol selections, and quality-of-service technologies. This paper discusses the benefits of utility communication, the likely pitfalls in the use of Internet technology for protection and control systems, and technologies that can help to mitigate those pitfalls. This paper also introduces a model for the expected background traffic that will be present in a utility intranet. Experimental results illustrate the use of different communications protocols in representative power situations in the face of different levels of background traffic in the electric power and communication synchronizing simulator simulation environment. C1 [Hopkinson, Kenneth; Roberts, Gregory] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Xiaoru] SW Jiaotong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. [Thorp, James] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hopkinson, K (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; gre-gory.roberts@afit.edu; xrwang1989@yahoo.com; jsthorp@vt.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1465 EP 1474 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2002966 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 467TG UT WOS:000267765100058 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS Castle, PJ Levisky, JA Hermosillo, A Cote, PJ Corley, CA Montgomery, EA Bird, DM Hutchinson, RR Ditson, MF AF Wilkes, John S. Castle, Patrick J. Levisky, Joseph A. Hermosillo, Adrian Cote, Paul J. Corley, Cynthia A. Montgomery, Emily A. Bird, Donald M. Hutchinson, Ralph R. Ditson, Matthew F. TI Reactions of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants in the Common Ion Binary Ionic Liquid 1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium/Copper(II) Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2-CHLOROETHYL PHENYL SULFIDE; MUSTARD SIMULANT; DECONTAMINATION; ETHYLSULFIDE AB Ionic liquids have the potential for being ideal alternatives for organic solvents in chemical warfare agent reactions and demilitarization processes. They are considered to be an excellent substitute, because of their extraordinarily wide liquid range, low melting points, chemical and thermal stability, high conductivity, and nonvolatility. In addition, many have excellent hydrophobic properties and immiscibility with water and offer the opportunity to isolate the chemical agents and reaction products from the environment. In this report, we describe a two-step process in which chemical warfare simulants are reacted with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) followed by basic methanol in a common ion binary ionic liquid that consists of 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and copper(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. The chemical agent simulants used in this study are diisopropylfluorophosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, and 2-chloroethylphenyl sulfide, which simulate agents GB, VX, and HD, respectively. Initially, H(2)O(2) is added to the mixture of simulants and ionic liquid to remove 2-chloroethylphenyl sulfide, followed by the addition of methanolic tetramethylammonium hydroxide hydrate (TMAOH center dot 5H(2)O) (basic methanol) to eliminate diisopropylfluorophosphate and his(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite. The reactions were monitored by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy time-of-flight (LC/MS-TOF), coupled with ultraviolet (UV) diode array detection. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used to aid in product identification. C1 [Wilkes, John S.; Castle, Patrick J.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Hermosillo, Adrian; Cote, Paul J.; Corley, Cynthia A.; Montgomery, Emily A.; Bird, Donald M.; Hutchinson, Ralph R.; Ditson, Matthew F.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Castle, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM patrick.castle@usafa.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for funding this study. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 13 BP 6203 EP 6211 DI 10.1021/ie801650n PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 462TK UT WOS:000267379300028 ER PT J AU Jeans, TL McDaniel, DR Cummings, RM Mason, WH AF Jeans, Tiger L. McDaniel, David R. Cummings, Russell M. Mason, William H. TI Aerodynamic Analysis of a Generic Fighter Using Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID CHINED FOREBODY; FLOWS AB The modular transonic vortex interaction configuration was developed at the NASA Langley Research Center to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a generic fighter incorporating a chined fuselage and delta wing. Previous experiments showed that the fuselage and leading-edge vortex interactions are detrimental to the vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics for angles of attack greater than 23 deg at low angles of sideslip. This is largely due to abrupt asymmetric vortex breakdown, which leads to pronounced pitch-up and significant nonlinearities; in lateral stability that could result in roll departure. An improved understanding of the exact origins of this nonlinear behavior would improve future fighter design, and predictive capabilities of such nonlinearities; could drastically reduce the cost associated with flight testing new or modified aircraft. The nonlinearities experienced by the modular transonic vortex interaction configuration at a 30 deg angle or attack, Reynolds number of 2.68 x 10(6), and Mach number of 0.4 are computed using delayed detached-eddy simulation. Computational predictions of rolling moment compare very well with previous wind-tunnel experiments at the same conditions, including the abrupt nonlinear increase in rolling moment as a function of sideslip angle at small sideslip angles. A detailed investigation of the computational fluid dynamic data confirms that this nonlinearity is due to a rapid change in the flowfield structures from symmetric to asymmetric vortex breakdown. C1 [Jeans, Tiger L.; Cummings, Russell M.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McDaniel, David R.] USAF, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Mason, William H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jeans, TL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1339 DI 10.2514/1.40955 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 482RJ UT WOS:000268906100025 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Adams, SF Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. Adams, S. F. Garscadden, A. TI Ionization of 2,5-dimethylfuran by electron impact and resulting ion-parent molecule reactions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE argon; dissociation; electron impact ionisation; Fourier transform spectra; ion-molecule reactions; mass spectra; molecule-electron collisions; organic compounds; positive ions; reaction kinetics; spectrochemical analysis ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAGMENTATION; EXCITATION; PHASE AB 2,5-dimethylfuran (C(6)H(8)O) is an important fuel additive and a possible renewable liquid fuel for the future. This paper presents a recent Fourier transfer mass spectrometry study on the formation of ions from C(6)H(8)O by electron impact ionization and by ion-molecule reactions. Cross sections of the partial electron impact ionization have been measured and the pathways of major fragmentation channels of the parent ion have been examined. The kinetics of the reactions of C(6)H(8)O with selected product ions from electron impact and Ar(+) have been studied. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] UES, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Adams, S. F.; Garscadden, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), UES, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for its financial support. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 AR 013306 DI 10.1063/1.3159009 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471NK UT WOS:000268065000018 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Neira, A Hwang, JY Tiley, J Banerjee, R AF Scharf, T. W. Neira, A. Hwang, J. Y. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. TI Self-lubricating carbon nanotube reinforced nickel matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectra; carbon nanotubes; composite materials; friction; laser materials processing; lubrication; nickel; Raman spectra; shear strength; wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WEAR-RESISTANCE; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; FRICTION; OXIDE AB Nickel (Ni)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have been processed in a monolithic form using the laser-engineered net shape (LENS (TM)) processing technique. Auger electron spectroscopy maps determined that the nanotubes were well dispersed and bonded in the nickel matrix and no interfacial chemical reaction products were determined in the as-synthesized composites. Mechanisms of solid lubrication have been investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy spatial mapping of the worn surfaces to determine the formation of tribochemical products. The Ni-CNT composites exhibit a self-lubricating behavior, forming an in situ, low interfacial shear strength graphitic film during sliding, resulting in a decrease in friction coefficient compared to pure Ni. C1 [Scharf, T. W.; Neira, A.; Hwang, J. Y.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Scharf, T. W.; Neira, A.; Hwang, J. Y.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45309 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM thomas.scharf@unt.edu FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA955006-1-0193]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [46915-G5] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA955006-1-0193) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation -ISES contract). One of the authors (T.W.S.) acknowledges the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support under Award No. 46915-G5. The authors would also like to acknowledge the experimental facilities available at the Center for Advanced Research and Technolaogy (CART) at the University of North Texas without which this research would not have been possible. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 AR 013508 DI 10.1063/1.3158360 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471NK UT WOS:000268065000035 ER PT J AU Pantha, BN Dahal, R Li, J Lin, JY Jiang, HX Pomrenke, G AF Pantha, B. N. Dahal, R. Li, J. Lin, J. Y. Jiang, H. X. Pomrenke, G. TI Thermoelectric Properties of In0.3Ga0.7N Alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Thermoelectrics CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL Univ Oregon, Corvallis, OR SP Int Thermoelect Soc HO Univ Oregon DE Thermoelectric (TE); InGaN; Seebeck coefficient; electrical conductivity; power factor ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERLATTICES; AL1-XINXN; MERIT AB We report on the experimental investigation of the potential of InGaN alloys as thermoelectric (TE) materials. We have grown undoped and Si-doped In0.3Ga0.7N alloys by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and measured the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the grown films with the aim of maximizing the power factor (P). It was found that P decreases as electron concentration (n) increases. The maximum value for P was found to be 7.3 x 10(-4) W/m K-2 at 750 K in an undoped sample with corresponding values of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of 280 mu V/K and 93a ( pound Omega cm)(-1), respectively. Further enhancement in P is expected by improving the InGaN material quality and conductivity control by reducing background electron concentration. C1 [Pantha, B. N.; Dahal, R.; Li, J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lin, J. Y.; Jiang, H. X.] Texas Tech Univ, Nanotech Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lin, J. Y.; Jiang, H. X.] Texas Tech Univ, ECE Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pomrenke, G.] USAF, Directorate Phys & Elect, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Pantha, BN (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM hx.jiang@ttu.edu RI Dahal, Rajendra/D-1319-2011; Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011; Li, Jing/B-7828-2015 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292; Li, Jing/0000-0003-2880-7933 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0676-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 466LA UT WOS:000267662500043 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R Brockman, RA AF Buchanan, Dennis J. John, Reji Brockman, Robert A. TI Relaxation of Shot-Peened Residual Stresses Under Creep Loading SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE nickel-base superalloy; creep rate; shot peen; residual stress ID CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; PRESTRAIN; NICKEL AB Shot peening is a commonly used surface treatment process that imparts compressive residual stresses into the surface of metal components. Compressive residual stresses retard initiation and growth of fatigue cracks. During the component loading history, the shot-peened residual stresses may change due to thermal exposure, creep, and cyclic loading. This paper describes a methodical approach for characterizing and modeling residual stress relaxation under elevated temperature loading, near and above the monotonic yield strength of nickel-base superalloy IN100. The model incorporates the dominant creep deformation mechanism, coupling between the creep and plasticity models, and effects of prior plastic strain. The initial room temperature residual stress and plastic strain profiles provide the initial conditions for relaxation predictions using the coupled creep-plasticity model. Model predictions correlate well with experimental results on shot-peened dogbone specimens subject to single cycle and creep loading conditions at elevated temperature. The predictions accurately capture both the shape and magnitude of the retained residual stress profile. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3120393] C1 [Buchanan, Dennis J.; Brockman, Robert A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [John, Reji] USAF, Res Lab, RXLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [S271]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306-6M2AL8] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXLMN), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, under on-site Contract No. FA8650-04-C-5200. The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial support of Dr. Leo Christodoulou of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under Order No. S271 and Dr. Victor Giurgiutiu of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Task No. 2306-6M2AL8. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 AR 031008 DI 10.1115/1.3120393 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 454FG UT WOS:000266667200008 ER PT J AU Torvik, PJ Hansel, J AF Torvik, Peter J. Hansel, Jason TI Mechanical Properties of a Ceramic Coating With VEM Infiltration SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE ceramic coating; viscoelastic infiltrate; vibration damping AB In order to determine the mechanical properties of materials suitable for use as coatings on structural or gas turbine components, it is often necessary to conduct testing on coated specimens, with the properties of the coating then to be extracted from the response. A methodology for extracting material properties from comparisons of resonant frequencies and system loss factors for coated and uncoated beams, which is applicable even when the desired properties (storage and loss modulus) have a strong dependence on the amplitude of cyclic strain, is summarized and applied to the determination of the material properties of an air plasma sprayed alumina-titania blend ceramic to which a viscoelastic material has been added by vacuum infiltration. Tests were conducted at both room and elevated temperatures. Material properties obtained from specimens with three coating thicknesses are compared and show that values obtained for the stiffness (storage modulus) decrease with increasing coating thickness, but that values obtained for the measure of dissipative capacity (loss modulus) are essentially independent of thickness. Addition of the infiltrate was found to double the storage modulus and to increase the loss modulus at room temperature by factors of up to 3, depending on the amplitude of cyclic strain. The storage modulus of this infiltrated coating appears to diminish with increasing depth into the coating, suggesting dependence on the amount of infiltrate present. The loss modulus, however, appears to be comparatively insensitive to the amount of infiltrate present. Results from a limited investigation of the influence of increased temperature on the properties of the infiltrated coating show decreases in storage modulus with temperature, and a maximum in the loss modulus at a temperature determined by the temperature dependent properties of the specific viscoelastic material used as the infiltrate. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3120388] C1 [Torvik, Peter J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. [Hansel, Jason] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Torvik, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 1866 Winchester Rd, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. EM torvik@att.net; jason.hansel@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Navy [N68335-06-0027] FX The authors are indebted to APS Materials, Inc. for providing test materials and support for testing enabled by U.S. Navy funding through SBIR Phase II-Option. Contract No. N68335-06-0027, Topic No. N04-019, "Damping Coatings for Gas Turbine Compression System Airfoils," and to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion and Power Directorate (Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility) for making available the test equipment used in this work. Finally, the authors are grateful to Dr. Jack Henderson (Universal Technology Corporation) for his support and encouragement. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 AR 031003 DI 10.1115/1.3120388 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 454FG UT WOS:000266667200003 ER PT J AU Sanders, O Timpone, V Lattin, G AF Sanders, Oscar Timpone, Vincent Lattin, Grant TI Worsening low back pain SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIPLE-MYELOMA C1 [Sanders, Oscar; Timpone, Vincent; Lattin, Grant] David Grant US AF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Timpone, V (reprint author), David Grant US AF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM vincent.timpone@travis.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 371 EP 373 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 470NP UT WOS:000267982400007 PM 19607775 ER PT J AU Just, RS Leney, MD Barritt, SM Los, CW Smith, BC Holland, TD Parsons, TJ AF Just, Rebecca S. Leney, Mark D. Barritt, Suzanne M. Los, Christopher W. Smith, Brion C. Holland, Thomas D. Parsons, Thomas J. TI The Use of Mitochondrial DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Assist in the Resolution of Three Challenging Forensic Cases SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; DNA typing; mitochondrial DNA; degraded DNA; coding region; single nucleotide polymorphisms ID DEGRADED SKELETAL REMAINS; CODING REGION; INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY; MICROARRAY SYSTEM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; MTDNA; SAMPLES; GENOME; DISCRIMINATION AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an 11-plex assay were typed in three missing person cases involving highly degraded human remains. Unlike the traditional forensic approach to analyzing mtDNA which focuses on sequencing portions of the noncoding Control Region, this assay targets discriminatory SNPs that reside principally in the coding region. In two of the cases, the SNP typing successfully excluded one of two reference families that could not be excluded on the basis of mtDNA hypervariable region sequencing alone, and resulted in the final resolution of both decades-old cases. In a third case, SNP typing confirmed the sorting and reassociation of multiple commingled skeletal elements. The application of a specific mtDNA SNP assay in these cases demonstrates its utility in distinguishing samples when the most common Caucasian hypervariable region type is encountered in forensic casework. C1 [Just, Rebecca S.; Barritt, Suzanne M.; Los, Christopher W.; Smith, Brion C.; Parsons, Thomas J.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Leney, Mark D.; Holland, Thomas D.] Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Just, RS (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, AFIP Annex,1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM rebecca.s.just@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 887 EP 891 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01069.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 462BU UT WOS:000267321100022 PM 19486251 ER PT J AU Sanyal, A Fosbury, A Chaturvedi, N Bernstein, DS AF Sanyal, Amit Fosbury, Adam Chaturvedi, Nalin Bernstein, Dennis S. TI Inertia-Free Spacecraft Attitude Tracking with Disturbance Rejection and Almost Global Stabilization SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE-STRUCTURE CONTROL; LARGE-ANGLE MANEUVERS; QUATERNION FEEDBACK; IDENTIFICATION; SATURATION; MOTION AB We derive a continuous nonlinear control law for spacecraft attitude tracking of arbitrary continuously differentiable attitude trajectories based on rotation matrices. This formulation provides almost global stabilizability, that is, Lyapunov stability of the desired equilibrium of the error system as well as convergence from all initial states except for a subset for which the complement is open and dense. This controller thus overcomes the unwinding phenomenon associated with continuous controllers based on attitude representations, such as quaternions, that are not bijective and without resorting to discontinuous switching. The controller requires no inertia information, no information on constant-disturbance torques, and only frequency information for sinusoidal disturbance torques. For slew maneuvers (that is, maneuvers with a setpoint command in the absence of disturbances), the controller specializes to a continuous, nonlinear, proportional-derivative-type, almost globally stabilizing controller, in which case the torque inputs can be arbitrarily bounded a priori. For arbitrary maneuvers, we present an approximate saturation technique for bounding the control torques. C1 [Sanyal, Amit] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fosbury, Adam] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Chaturvedi, Nalin] Robert Bosch LLC, Res & Technol Ctr, Energy Modeling Control & Computat Grp, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Bernstein, Dennis S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sanyal, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Sanyal, Amit/A-1353-2007 OI Sanyal, Amit/0000-0002-3258-7841 NR 27 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1178 DI 10.2514/1.41565 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 472GL UT WOS:000268118300011 ER PT J AU Woolley, BG Peterson, GL AF Woolley, Brian G. Peterson, Gilbert L. TI Unified Behavior Framework for Reactive Robot Control SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Behavior-based robotics; Reactive control architecture; Software design patterns; Software frameworks ID CONTROL-SYSTEM; MOBILE ROBOT; ARCHITECTURE; DESIGN AB Behavior-based systems form the basis of autonomous control for many robots. In this article, we demonstrate that a single software framework can be used to represent many existing behavior based approaches. The unified behavior framework presented, incorporates the critical ideas and concepts of the existing reactive controllers. Additionally, the modular design of the behavior framework: (1) simplifies development and testing; (2) promotes the reuse of code; (3) supports designs that scale easily into large hierarchies while restricting code complexity; and (4) allows the behavior based system developer the freedom to use the behavior system they feel will function the best. When a hybrid or three layer control architecture includes the unified behavior framework, a common interface is shared by all behaviors, leaving the higher order planning and sequencing elements free to interchange behaviors during execution to achieve high level goals and plans. The framework's ability to compose structures from independent elements encourages experimentation and reuse while isolating the scope of troubleshooting to the behavior composition. The ability to use elemental components to build and evaluate behavior structures is demonstrated using the Robocode simulation environment. Additionally, the ability of a reactive controller to change its active behavior during execution is shown in a goal seeking robot implementation. C1 [Woolley, Brian G.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.woolley@ieee.org; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [06SN02COR] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding through AFRL Lab Task 06SN02COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Lt Col ScottWells, program manager. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10846-008-9299-1 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 451UT UT WOS:000266497100004 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE Fullerton, RL West, JE AF Carrell, Scott E. Fullerton, Richard L. West, James E. TI Does Your Cohort Matter? Measuring Peer Effects in College Achievement SO JOURNAL OF LABOR ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS AB We estimate peer effects in college achievement using a data set in which individuals are exogenously assigned to peer groups of about 30 students with whom they are required to spend the majority of their time interacting. This feature enables us to estimate peer effects that are more comparable to changing the entire cohort of peers. Using this broad peer group, we measure academic peer effects of much larger magnitude than found in previous studies. The effects persist at a diminished rate into follow-on years, and we find evidence of nonlinearities in the magnitude of the effects across student academic ability. C1 [Carrell, Scott E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carrell, Scott E.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fullerton, Richard L.; West, James E.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Carrell, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM secarrell@ucdavis.edu; richard.fullerton@usafa.edu; jim.west@usafa.edu OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 23 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 25 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0734-306X J9 J LABOR ECON JI J. Labor Econ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 439 EP 464 PG 26 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 463CD UT WOS:000267405100004 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Park, IW Mishra, B Pinkas, M Moore, JJ Anton, JM Kim, KH Voevodin, AA Levashov, EA AF Lin, Jianliang Park, In-Wook Mishra, Brajendra Pinkas, Malki Moore, John J. Anton, Jennifer M. Kim, Kwang Ho Voevodin, Andrey A. Levashov, Evgeny A. TI Processing, Structure, and Properties of Nanostructured Multifunctional Tribological Coatings SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Developments in Materials, Processes and Applications of Nanotechnology (MPA 2007) CY JAN 15, 2007 CL Univ Ulster, Belfast, NORTH IRELAND HO Univ Ulster DE Nanostructureed; Multifunctional; Tribological Coatings; Process; Structure ID SPUTTERING P-CFUBMS; LANGMUIR PROBE MEASUREMENTS; N NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETRON; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; SYSTEM AB Nanostructured, nanocomposite binary (TiC-a:C), ternary (Cr-Al-N), quaternary (Ti-B-C-N) and quinternary (Ti-Si-B-C-N) multicomponent films have been deposited using unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) and closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) from both elemental and composite targets. Approaches to control the film chemistry, volume fraction and size of the multicomponent species, and pulsed ion energy (ion flux) bombardment to tailor the structure and properties of the films for specific tribological applications, e.g., low friction coefficient and low wear rate, are emphasized. The synthesized films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoindentation, and microtribometry. The relationships between processing parameters (pulsed ion energy and ion flux), thin film microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties are being investigated in terms of the nanocrystalline-nanocrystalline and nanocrystalline-amorphous composite thin film systems that are generated. In the Ti-Si-B-C-N films, nanocomposites of solid solutions, e.g., nanosized (Ti,C,N)B-2 and Ti(C,N) crystallites are embedded in an amorphous TiSi2 and SiC matrix including some carbon, SiB4, BN, CNx, TiO2 and B2O3 components. The Ti-Si-B-C-N coating with up to 150 W Si target power exhibited a hardness of about 35 GPa, a high H/E ratio of 0.095, and a low wear rate of from similar to 3 to similar to 10 x 10(-6) mm(3)/(Nm). In another aspect, using increased ion energy and ion flux, which are generated by pulsing the power of the target(s) in a closed field arrangement, to provide improved ion bombardment on tailoring the structure and properties of TiC-a:C and Cr-Al-N coatings are demonstrated. It was found that highly energetic species (up to hundreds eV) were found in the plasma by pulsing the power of the target(s) during magnetron sputtering. Applying higher pulse frequency and longer reverse time (lower duty cycle) will result in higher ion energy and ion flux in the plasma, which can be utilized to improve the film structure and properties. For example, optimum properties of the TiC-a:C coating were a hardness of 35 to 40 GPa and a COF of 0.2 to 0.22 for moderate maximum ion energies of 70 to 100 eV, and a super high hardness of 41 GPa and low wear rate of 3.41 x 10(-6) mm(3) N(-1)m(-1) was obtained for Cr-Al-N coatings deposited with a maximum ion energy of 122 eV These conditions can be achieved by adjusting the pulsing parameters and target voltages. However, the pulsed ion energy together with the applied substrate bias are need to be carefully controlled in order to avoid excessive ion bombardment (e.g., the maximum ion energy is larger than 180 eV in the current study), which will responsible for an increase in point and line defects, and high residual stress in the crystalline structure. C1 [Lin, Jianliang; Park, In-Wook; Mishra, Brajendra; Pinkas, Malki; Moore, John J.] Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Anton, Jennifer M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Kwang Ho] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Levashov, Evgeny A.] Moscow State Inst Steels & Alloys, Moscow 119049, Russia. RP Moore, JJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lin, Jianliang/F-8405-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 SI SI BP 4073 EP 4084 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.M13 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 470QN UT WOS:000267994000013 PM 19916411 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Self-Controlled Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(ether-ketone)s from A(2) + B-3 Approach in Poly(phosphoric acid) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Friedel-Crafts acylation; high performance polymer; hyperbranched polymer; poly(ether-ketone)s; poly(phosphoric acid) ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CONDENSING VINYL POLYMERIZATION; AROMATIC POLYAMIDE; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; 2-((2-BROMOPROPIONYL)OXY)ETHYL ACRYLATE; BRANCHED POLYMERS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; AB(2) MONOMERS; TRIMESIC ACID; DENDRIMERS AB Self-controlled synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s (HPEKs) were prepared from "A(2) + B-3" approach by using different monomer solubility in reaction medium. 1,3,5-Triphenoxybenzene as a hydrophobic 13,3 monomer was reacted with commercially available terephthalic acid or 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid) as a hydrophilic A(2) monomer in a hydrophilic reaction medium, polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). The resultant HPEKs were soluble in various common organic solvents and had the weight-average molecular weight in the range of 3900-13,400 g/mol. The results implied that HPEKs were branched structures instead of crosslinked polymers. The molecular sizes and shapes of HPEKs were further assured by morphological investigation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hence, the applied polymerization condition was indeed strong enough to efficiently facilitate polycondensation via "direct" Friedel-Crafts reaction without gelation. It could be concluded that the polymer forming reaction was kinetically controlled by automatic and slow feeding of the hydrophobic B-3 monomer into the hydrophilic reaction mixture containing hydrophilic comonomer. As a result, hyperbranched structures were formed instead of crosslinked polymers even at full conversion (equifunctional monomer feed ratio). (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 33263336,2009 C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Nano Bio Chem Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] AFRL RXBN, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Nano Bio Chem Engn, 194 Banyeon, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10,031-02] FX This project was supported by funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R and D (AFOSR-AOARD) and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10,031-02). NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 13 BP 3326 EP 3336 DI 10.1002/pola.23402 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 465FF UT WOS:000267567100011 ER PT J AU Kranendonk, LA Caswell, AW Hagen, CL Neuroth, CT Shouse, DT Gord, JR Sanders, ST AF Kranendonk, Laura A. Caswell, Andrew W. Hagen, Christopher L. Neuroth, Craig T. Shouse, Dale T. Gord, James R. Sanders, Scott T. TI Temperature Measurements in a Gas-Turbine-Combustor Sector Rig Using Swept-Wavelength Absorption Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; SENSOR; THERMOMETRY AB Gas-temperature measurements in the combustion zone of a high-pressure gas-turbine-combustor sector rig were made with a Fourier-domain mode-locked laser using wavelength-agile absorption-spectroscopy techniques. These measurements are among the first employing broadband high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in gas-turbine-engine environments. Compared with previous measurements in reciprocating engines and shock tubes, signal contamination from thermal emission was stronger in this combustor rig; methods for managing emission during experimental planning and postprocessing are discussed. H(2)O spectra spanning 1330-1380 nm (which includes the nu(1) + nu(3) and 2 nu(1) overtone bands) are presented along with a method for calculating gas temperatures from the spectra. The resulting temperatures are reported for a variety of combustor conditions. These tests show promise for simple gas-turbine sensors and potential for more detailed experiments involving tomographic reconstruction or multispecies concentration measurements. C1 [Kranendonk, Laura A.; Caswell, Andrew W.; Hagen, Christopher L.; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neuroth, Craig T.; Shouse, Dale T.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kranendonk, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI De Cicco, Laura/0000-0002-3915-9487 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 859 EP 863 DI 10.2514/1.41587 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 473KI UT WOS:000268204500003 ER PT J AU Doster, JC King, PI Gruber, MR Carter, CD Ryan, MD Hsu, KY AF Doster, Jason C. King, Paul I. Gruber, Mark R. Carter, Campbell D. Ryan, Michael D. Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI In-Stream Hypermixer Fueling Pylons in Supersonic Flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID CROSS-FLOW; COMBUSTION; INJECTION AB This paper presents results front both computational fluid dynamic and wind-tunnel experiments of in-stream fueling pylons injecting air, ethylene, and methane gas into Mach number 2.0 cold airflow. Three fuel-injection pylons studied include a basic pylon, a ramp pylon, and an alternating-wedge pylon. The latter two pylons introduce streamwise vorticity into the flow to increase mixing action. The computational fluid dynamic solution was accomplished using the commercial code FLUENT (R). Three wind-tunnel experimental techniques were used: aerothermal probing, Raman spectroscopy, and nitric-oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence. Four measures reported include streamwise vorticity, total-pressure-loss, mixing efficiency, and flammable plume extent. The ramp and alternating-wedge pylons show decisive increases in mixing capability compared with the basic pylon for a finite distance downstream of the injector. The alternating-wedge pylon exhibits a measurable increase in total pressure loss compared with the basic pylon, and the ramp pylon exhibits a negligible increase in total pressure loss compared with the basic pylon. For comparison, the downstream mixing effectiveness of the three pylons is compared with the downstream mixing effectiveness or a transverse circular wall injector studied in past research. In addition, a qualitative comparison between the computational fluid dynamic and wind-tunnel experimental results is made. C1 [Doster, Jason C.; King, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gruber, Mark R.; Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Michael D.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Doster, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 885 EP 901 DI 10.2514/1.40179 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 473KI UT WOS:000268204500006 ER PT J AU Clay, JG Zierold, D Grayson, K Battistella, FD AF Clay, Jared G. Zierold, Dustin Grayson, Kevin Battistella, Felix D. TI Dextran Polymer Hemostatic Dressing Improves Survival in Liver Injury Model SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hemostatic dressing; hemorrhage; liver; injury; trauma ID BLOOD-LOSS; HEMORRHAGE CONTROL; AORTIC HEMORRHAGE; VENOUS HEMORRHAGE; HEPATIC-INJURY; SWINE; AGENTS; RESUSCITATION; FLUID; DEATH AB Background. Improvements in early hemorrhage control could result in morefavorable outcomes. Several advanced hemostatic dressings are available; however, none meets the ideal characteristics defined by the United States Army. We studied the effects of a new dextran polymer hemostatic dressing on survival, blood loss, and blood pressure in a swine model of severe liver injury. Methods. We randomized 12 Yorkshire swine to treatment with either standard laparotomy pads or laparotomy pads coated with a dextran polymer (Bloxx). These dressings are visually identical, and investigators were not informed of the dressing assignment. We transected the left medial lobe of the liver in the anesthetized swine with a large knife, applied dressings immediately, and held pressure for 7 min. The animals received a weight-based maintenance crystalloid infusion without further resuscitation. Endpoints were blood loss, blood pressure, early mortality (120 min), and tissue histology. Results. Baseline and pre-injury characteristics were similar between all animals. Three of six animals in the control group survived for 2 h while all six animals treated with Bloxx survived (P = 0.05). Similarly, animals in the Bloxx group experienced less blood loss (10.4 +/- 8.8 mL/kg versus 28.3 +/- 13.0 mL/kg, P = 0.025) and higher post-injury blood pressure than the control group. Bloxx was not associated with macroscopic or microscopic tissue damage. Conclusions. Bloxx is superior to standard laparotomy sponges in this model of lethal liver injury. Further study of this dressing is warranted to determine its potential for use in civilian and military trauma. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Clay, Jared G.; Zierold, Dustin] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Grayson, Kevin] David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Battistella, Felix D.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Davis Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Emergency Surg, Dept Surg, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Clay, JG (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 60 MSGS SGCQ,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM jared.clay@travis.af.mil FU United States Air Force Surgeon General-approved Clinical Investigation [FDG20070019A] FX The authors thank Steven D. DeMartini, M.D., who provided histologic review of the liver specimens for this study, and Jon Perlstein, M.D., who provided assistance with study design. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2008.07.028 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 463RC UT WOS:000267448500014 PM 19041100 ER PT J AU McCleskey, MPE Gilson, RT DeVillez, RL AF McCleskey, Patrick E. Gilson, Robert T. DeVillez, Richard L. TI Medical Student Core Curriculum in Dermatology Survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Association-of-Professors-of-Dermatology CY SEP 14, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Assoc Professors Dermatol ID EDUCATION; CARE AB Background: Few published articles focus on undergraduate dermatology education. Objective: To quantify the amount and type of dermatology instruction for medical students and to rank specific diseases by the expectations of learners. Methods: Electronic surveys were sent via e-mail to 109 dermatology residency programs as well as to 33 medical Schools Without dermatology programs. Results: Responses were received from 64% of dermatology residency programs. Half of the responding C, institutions require 10 or fewer hours of dermatology instruction, and 8% require no dermatology instruction. Seventy-five percent or more of the responding dermatologists expected medical students to learn to diagnose or treat 33 skin diseases after completing a clinical dermatology rotation. Limitations: Surveys were sent only to academic institutions. Conclusions. Dermatology educators expect medical Students to learn to diagnose or treat common skin diseases, but little time is desinated for this in most medical schools. The aggregate opinions of 9 dermatology educators may be used to prioritize future curricula. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:30-5.) C1 [McCleskey, Patrick E.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Fairfield, CT USA. [Gilson, Robert T.; DeVillez, Richard L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP McCleskey, MPE (reprint author), David Grant E Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol SGOMD, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM mccleskey@travis.af.mil NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.066 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 462DA UT WOS:000267325000004 ER PT J AU Hayden, CC Hwang, JS Abate, EA Kent, MS Sasaki, DY AF Hayden, Carl C. Hwang, Jane S. Abate, Elisa A. Kent, Michael S. Sasaki, Darryl Y. TI Directed Formation of Lipid Membrane Microdomains as High Affinity Sites for His-Tagged Proteins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DOMAINS; RAFTS; REORGANIZATION; COORDINATION; ORGANIZATION; RECOGNITION; MONOLAYERS; BILAYERS AB Lipid membranes composed of an iminodiacetic acid functionalized lipid, DSIDA, in a POPC matrix exhibited switchable properties via Cu(2+) recognition to rapidly assemble microdomains that act as high affinity sites for His-tagged proteins. The microdomains demonstrated an order of magnitude enhanced affinity for the proteins compared to homogeneously functionalized POPC membranes with Ni(2+)-NTA DOGS or Cu(2+)-DOIDA, while a rapid release and restoration of the original membrane was accomplished with micromolar concentrations of EDTA. C1 [Hayden, Carl C.; Abate, Elisa A.; Sasaki, Darryl Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hwang, Jane S.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dysasak@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 25 BP 8728 EP + DI 10.1021/ja901157c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 465ZY UT WOS:000267631000005 PM 19505102 ER PT J AU Shima, T Schumacher, C AF Shima, T. Schumacher, C. TI Assigning cooperating UAVs to simultaneous tasks on consecutive targets using genetic algorithms SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE task assignment; cooperating agents; genetic algorithms; unmanned aerial vehicles ID GENERALIZED ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM AB A problem of assigning multiple agents to simultaneously perform cooperative tasks on consecutive targets is posed as a new combinatorial optimization problem. The investigated scenario consists of multiple ground moving targets prosecuted by a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The team of agents is heterogeneous, with each UAV carrying designated sensors and all but one carry weapons as well. To successfully prosecute each target it needs to be simultaneously tracked by two UAVs and attacked by a third UAV carrying a weapon. Only for small-sized scenarios involving not more than a few vehicles and targets the problem can be solved in sufficient time using classical combinatorial optimization methods. For larger-sized scenarios the problem cannot be solved in sufficient time using these methods due to timing constraints on the simultaneous tasks and the coupling between task assignment and path planning for each UAV. A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for efficiently searching the space of feasible solutions. A matrix representation of the chromosomes simplifies the encoding process and the application of the genetic operators. To further simplify the encoding, the chromosome is composed of sets of multiple genes, each corresponding to the entire set of simultaneous assignments on each target. Simulation results show the viability of the proposed assignment algorithm for different sized scenarios. The sensitivity of the performance to variations in the GA tuning parameters is also investigated. Journal of the Operational Research Society ( 2009) 60, 973-982. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602617 C1 [Shima, T.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Schumacher, C.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM tal.shima@technion.ac.il FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Control Science Center of Excellence, Air Force Research Labs, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 EI 1476-9360 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 60 IS 7 BP 973 EP 982 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602617 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 455QG UT WOS:000266777300009 ER PT J AU Elston, LJ Yerkes, KL Thomas, SK McQuillen, J AF Elston, Levi J. Yerkes, Kirk L. Thomas, Scott K. McQuillen, John TI Cooling Performance of a 16-Nozzle Array in Variable Gravity SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; SPRAY AB The objective of this paper was to investigate the cooling performance of a 16-nozzle spray array using FC-72 as the working fluid in variable-gravity conditions. A flight-test experiment was modified to accommodate a 16-nozzle spray array, which was then tested in the parabolic flight trajectory environment of NASA's C-9 reduced-gravity aircraft. The 16-nozzle array was designed to cool a 25.4 x 25.4 mm(2) area on a thick-film resistive heater used to simulate an electronic component. Flight tests were conducted over the course of two flight weeks (each week consisting of four flights and each flight consisting of 40 to 60 parabolas). The mass How rate through the 16-nozzle spray array ranged from 13.1 <= (m) over dot <= 21.3 g/s. The heat flux at the thick-film resistor ranged from 2.9 <= q" <= 25 W/cm(2), the subcooling of the working fluid ranged from 1.6 <= Delta T-sc <= 18.4 degrees C, the saturation temperature ranged from 37.4 <= T-sat <= 47.2 degrees C, and the absorbed air content in the working fluid was C = 10.1, 14.3 and 16.8% by volume. The spray chamber pressure ranged from 42 <= P <= 78 kPa and the acceleration ranged from -0.02 <= a <= -2.02 g. Two-phase cooling was emphasized, but some single-phase data were also collected. A one-dimensional model was used to predict the heater surface temperature from the heat input and mean heater base temperature. It was found that the cooling performance was enhanced in microgravity over terrestrial and elevated gravity. In addition, a sudden degradation in performance was found at high mass flow rates in microgravity, possibly due to liquid buildup on the surface between the nozzle impact zones. A high degree of subcooling was found to be beneficial, but the dissolved air content had little effect on the heat transfer performance in either microgravity or elevated gravity. C1 [Elston, Levi J.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Res Lab, Energy Power Thermal Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Scott K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [McQuillen, John] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Lewis Field, Micrograv Fluid Phys Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Elston, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.2514/1.41653 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 474QY UT WOS:000268300300017 ER PT J AU Puterbaugh, RL Yerkes, KL Thomas, SK AF Puterbaugh, Rebekah L. Yerkes, Kirk L. Thomas, Scott K. TI Partially Confined FC-72 Spray-Cooling Performance: Effect of Dissolved Air SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHASE AB The objective of this paper was to investigate the heat transfer performance of a partially confined FC-72 spray with varying dissolved-air concentrations. An experimental test rig consisting of a spray chamber coupled to a fluid-delivery-loop system was used to obtain temperature, pressure, and critical heat flux data. A downward-facing nozzle within the spray chamber allowed the FC-72 fluid to be sprayed onto an upward-facing thick-film resistor heater. The heater was mounted onto a glass post, with a sump system to allow removal of excess fluid. Type-E thermocouples were embedded in the post to obtain temperature data. The parametric ranges for experimental testing were as follows: volume-percent concentration of dissolved air was 5 <= C(m) <= 18%, chamber pressure was 6.90 x 10(4) <= P(ch) <= 8.27 x 10(4) N/m(2) (10 <= P(ch) <= 12 psia), liquid subcooling was 2 <= Delta T(sc) <= 12 degrees C, and volumetric flow rate was 6.31 <= (V) over dot <= 10.5 cm(3)/s (6.0 <= (V) over dot <= 10.0 gph). Test data were obtained for comparison of critical heat flux with varying C while controlling the spray chamber pressure. The applicability of Henry's law to the current system was investigated, and air concentration measurements using Henry's law were compared with those obtained using a direct sample method. An empirical mathematical relationship allowing for determination of surface heat flux with varying flow rate was also developed. The relationship was obtained using test data at flow rates of (V) over dot = 6.31, 8.41, and 10.5 cm(3)/s and was validated using experimental data obtained for How rates of (V) over dot = 7.36 and 9.46 cm(3)/s (7.0 and 9.0 gph). C1 [Puterbaugh, Rebekah L.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div,Engine Integrat & Assessment B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Energy Power & Thermal Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Scott K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Puterbaugh, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div,Engine Integrat & Assessment B, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.2514/1.41654 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 474QY UT WOS:000268300300018 ER PT J AU Harrison, CD Bebarta, VS Grant, GA AF Harrison, Corey D. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Grant, Gerald A. TI Tympanic Membrane Perforation After Combat Blast Exposure in Iraq: A Poor Biomarker of Primary Blast Injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Tympanic membrane rupture; Blast; Blast injury; Primary blast injury; Biomarker; Iraq; Operation Iraqi freedom ID MARKER AB Objective: The US military has reported over 10,000 improvised explosive device attacks attributing to over 400 deaths in Iraq in 2005. Otologic blast injury and tympanic membrane (TM) perforation have traditionally been used as a predictor, or biomarker, of serious or occult primary blast injury (PBI). Although combat injuries from the US-Iraq conflict have been described, the utility of TM perforation as a marker of PBI has not. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of tympanic perforation in patients subject to blast exposures and describe its utility as a biomarker of more serious primary barotrauma, as observed at a US military hospital in Iraq. Methods: In our institutional review board-approved study, all patients during a 30-day period who arrived at a tertiary US military hospital in Iraq were evaluated. All patients with blast injures were identified on arrival to the hospital emergency department and were followed up through their hospital course and evacuation to the United States to assure they received proper otolaryngology evaluation and follow-up. Demographic data and manifestations of PBI (TM perforation, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, nonpenetrating facial sinus injury, and bowel perforation) and other combat injuries were recorded. The diagnostic tests and clinical examination findings used to identify these complications were also recorded. Results: One hundred sixty-seven patients were enrolled over 30 days. All blast exposures resulted from primary or secondary explosions from munitions used in combat. This included both combatants and civilians. All patients were men. The mean patient age was 28 years (range, 12-55 years). Sixteen percent (27 of 167) of blast-exposed patients had TM perforation. Thirteen of 27 patients with perforations had bilateral perforations. Twelve of 167 patients (7%) had PBI. Six of 12 patients (50%) with PBI had TM perforation. The use of TM perforation as a biomarker for PBI resulted in a sensitivity of 50% (95% CL 22-78%) and specificity of 87% (95% Cl, 81-92%). Conclusions: Both TM perforation and PBI are rare with improvised explosive devices and other explosive devices in the current Iraqi-US conflict. Contrary to previous belief and management guidelines, TM perforation had low sensitivity for serious or occult PBI and was not a good biomarker. On the basis of the findings of this study, the absence of TM perforation does not appear to exclude other serious PBI. C1 [Harrison, Corey D.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, UMassMem Med Ctr, Worcester, MA USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Grant, Gerald A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Neurosurg, Durham, NC USA. RP Harrison, CD (reprint author), 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM coreyharrison@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f1db PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 470CZ UT WOS:000267953100038 PM 19590337 ER PT J AU Hudak, SJ Hakim, S AF Hudak, Steven J. Hakim, Samuel TI Operative Management of Wartime Genitourinary Injuries at Balad Air Force Theater Hospital, 2005 to 2008 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wounds and injuries; urogenital system; war; reconstructive surgical procedures; Iraq ID IRAQI FREEDOM; WAR INJURIES; EXPERIENCE; TRAUMA; WOUNDS AB Purpose: We detail the 3-year experience of operative combat urology of genito-urinary surgeons stationed at Balad Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: We performed an institutional review board approved, retrospective review of operative logs of the 9 urologists deployed to Balad Air Force Theater Hospital from June, 1 2005 to June 1, 2008. All operative cases performed by the urologists deployed to this facility were reviewed. Patients were grouped by injury location and operative approach. Analysis included the calculation of relative injury rates by location and the incidence of organ preservation. Results: During the 36 months reviewed 273 patients underwent a total of 361 operative and 25 endoscopic procedures for 1 or more genitourinary injuries. Of the patients 227 (83.1%) had wounds to the lower genitourinary tract, 39 (14.3%) had wounds to the upper genitourinary tract and 7 (2.6%) had upper and lower genitourinary injuries. Exploration, debridement and repair of soft tissue injury to the external genitalia were the most commonly performed procedures. Of the 88 testicular injuries explored testicular salvage was achieved in 45 (51.1%). Nephrectomy was required in 17 of the 27 operative renal injury cases (63.0%). Conclusions: Most genitourinary injuries treated at Balad Air Force Theater Hospital involve the lower genitourinary tract. The high frequency of genital trauma often requires staged reconstructive procedures. Acceptable renal and testicular salvage rates are attainable. This study highlights the diverse array of surgical treatment modalities needed to manage genitourinary trauma during Operation Iraqi Freedom. C1 [Hakim, Samuel] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hakim, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 859 MSGS MCSU,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Samuel.Hakim@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 182 IS 1 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2009.02.150 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 457RI UT WOS:000266949800075 PM 19450817 ER PT J AU Vincelette, RL Rockwell, BA Oliver, JW Kumru, SS Thomas, RJ Schuster, KJ Noojin, GD Shingledecker, AD Stolarski, DJ Welch, AJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca L. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Oliver, Jeff W. Kumru, Semih S. Thomas, Robert J. Schuster, Kurt J. Noojin, Gary D. Shingledecker, Aurora D. Stolarski, Dave J. Welch, Ashley J. TI Trends in Retinal Damage Thresholds From 100-millisecond Near-Infrared Laser Radiation Exposures: A Study at 1,110, 1,130, 1,150, and 1,319 nm SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE eye safe; laser safety; laser tissue interaction; non-ionizing radiation; ocular hazard AB Background and Objectives: Retinal damage thresholds from 100-millisecond exposures to laser radiation for wavelengths between 1,100 and 1,350 nm have never previously been established. We sought to determine the retinal damage threshold for 100-millisecond exposures of near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation wavelengths at 1,110, 1,130, 1,150, and 1,319 nm. These data were then used to create trends for retinal damage thresholds over the 1, 100-1,350 nm NIR region based upon linear absorption of laser radiation in ocular media and chromatic dispersion of the eye. Materials and Methods: The paramacula and macula areas of the retina in Macaca mulatta (rhesus) subjects were exposed for 100 milliseconds to NIR laser radiation wavelengths using a Coherent OPO laser for 1,110, 1,130, and 1,150 nm and a Lee laser for 1,319 nm. Probit analysis was used to establish the estimated damage threshold in the retina for 50% of exposures (ED(50)). Using trends of transmitted energy to the retina, refractive error of the eye and linear absorption of the retina, a scaling factor (SF) method was created to fit the experimental data, predicting retinal damage thresholds over the 1,100-1,350 nm region. Results: The experimental retinal damage threshold, ED(50), for 100-millisecond exposures for laser radiation wavelengths at 1,110, 1,130, and 1,319 nm were determined to be 193, 270, and 13,713 mW of power delivered to the cornea, respectively. The retinal damage threshold for the 1, 150 nm wavelength was statistically undetermined due to laser-power limitations, but was achieved in one out of three subjects tested. Conclusion: The SF predicts the experimental 100-millisecond NIR ED(50) value for wavelengths between 1, 100 and 1,350 nm. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:382-390, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Vincelette, Rebecca L.; Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cockrell Sch Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Oliver, Jeff W.; Kumru, Semih S.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78231 USA. [Schuster, Kurt J.; Noojin, Gary D.; Shingledecker, Aurora D.; Stolarski, Dave J.] Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Vincelette, RL (reprint author), 109 Blue Sage Ln, Cibolo, TX 78108 USA. EM rebecca.vincelette@gmail.com OI Oliver, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8226-7152 FU Consortium Research Fellowship; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-2-6501] FX Support was provided by the Consortium Research Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract number FA8650-05-2-6501. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 5 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.1002/lsm.20772 PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 464RS UT WOS:000267524400008 PM 19533764 ER PT J AU Meisenkothen, F Wheeler, R Uchic, MD Kerns, RD Scheltens, FJ AF Meisenkothen, Frederick Wheeler, Robert Uchic, Michael D. Kerns, Robert D. Scheltens, Frank J. TI Electron Channeling Effects in EPMA Analyses of Bulk Specimen Materials SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meisenkothen, Frederick; Wheeler, Robert; Kerns, Robert D.; Scheltens, Frank J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Characterizat Facil, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Uchic, Michael D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meisenkothen, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Characterizat Facil, Bldg 655,10th & M St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL [F33615-03-C-5206] FX This work was supported under AFRL contract # F33615-03-C-5206. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1017/S1431927609092794 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100016 ER PT J AU Shade, PA Wheeler, R Choi, YS Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Fraser, HL AF Shade, P. A. Wheeler, R. Choi, Y. S. Uchic, M. D. Dimiduk, D. M. Fraser, H. L. TI In-situ Microcompression Experiments: Examination of Lateral Constraint Effects SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shade, P. A.; Uchic, M. D.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shade, P. A.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shade, P. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wheeler, R.; Choi, Y. S.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 50 EP 51 DI 10.1017/S1431927609099516 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100025 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Nag, S Singh, ARP Viswanathan, GB Tiley, J Srinivasan, R Fraser, HL Banerjee, R AF Hwang, J. Y. Nag, S. Singh, A. R. P. Viswanathan, G. B. Tiley, J. Srinivasan, R. Fraser, H. L. Banerjee, R. TI Study of compositional gradients across the gamma/gamma' interface in Ni-base superalloys using 3D Atom Probe Tomography SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hwang, J. Y.; Nag, S.; Singh, A. R. P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Hwang, J. Y.; Nag, S.; Singh, A. R. P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Srinivasan, R.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Srinivasan, R.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hwang, JY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76207 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1017/S1431927609097086 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100132 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Shade, PA AF Uchic, Michael D. Shade, Paul A. TI Serial Sectioning of Deformed Microcrystals using a Dual-Beam FIB-SEM Microscope SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Uchic, Michael D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shade, Paul A.] Univ Technology Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 610 EP 611 DI 10.1017/S1431927609099498 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100302 ER PT J AU Kim, SM Pint, CL Amama, PB Zakharov, DN Hauge, RH Maruyama, B Stach, EA AF Kim, Seung Min Pint, Cary L. Amama, Placidus B. Zakharov, Dmitri N. Hauge, Robert H. Maruyama, Benji Stach, Eric A. TI Understanding Growth Termination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Carpets by Documenting the Evolution of Catalyst Morphology with the Transmission Electron Microscope SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID WATER C1 [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Pint, Cary L.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pint, Cary L.; Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kim, SM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; Pint, Cary/I-6785-2013; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 1176 EP 1177 DI 10.1017/S1431927609098456 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100579 ER PT J AU Han, SW Oh, SJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Han, Sang-Wook Oh, Se-Jin Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Grafting of 4-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenoxy)benzoyl onto Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Poly(phosphoric acid) via Amide Function SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Single-walled carbon nanotube; Purification; Grafting; Polyphosphoric acid; Phosphorous pentoxide ID PURIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOFIBERS; RAMAN AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which were commercial grade containing 60-70 wt% impurity, were treated in a mild poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA). The purity of PPA treated SWCNTs was greatly improved with or without little damage to SWCNTs framework and stable crystalline carbon particles. An amide model compound, 4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzamide (TMPBA), was reacted with SWCNTs in PPA with additional phosphorous pentoxide as "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to afford TMPBA functionalized SWCNTs. All evidences obtained from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microcopy, and transmission electron microscopy strongly supported that the functionalization of SWCNTs with benzamide was indeed feasible. C1 [Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Han, Sang-Wook; Oh, Se-Jin] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Nanostructured & Biol Mat B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, 194,Banyeon, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10031-0]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD); Chungbuk National University FX We are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee of Chungbuk National University for obtaining SEM images. We also thank Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD), Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10031-0) and Chungbuk National University for their financial supports of this research. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7 BP 766 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s11671-009-9308-8 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 453BM UT WOS:000266584900027 PM 20596516 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid TI Language and emotions: Emotional Sapir-Whorf hypothesis SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Networks Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Language; Cognition; Emotions; Knowledge instinct; Dynamic logic; Mind; Heterarchy; Hierarchy ID NEURAL DYNAMICS; CONSCIOUSNESS; DISCRIMINATION; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; NETWORK; MUSIC; COLOR AB An emotional version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that differences in language emotionalities influence differences among cultures no less than conceptual differences. Conceptual contents of languages and Cultures to significant extent are determined by words and their semantic differences; these could be borrowed among languages and exchanged among cultures. Emotional differences, as suggested in the paper, are related to grammar and mostly cannot be borrowed. The paper considers conceptual and emotional mechanisms of language along with their role in the mind and Cultural evolution. Language evolution from primordial undifferentiated animal cries is discussed: while conceptual contents increase, emotional reduced. Neural mechanisms of these processes are suggested as well as their mathematical models: the knowledge instinct, the dual model connecting language and cognition, neural modeling fields, Mathematical results are related to cognitive science, linguistics, and psychology. Experimental evidence and theoretical arguments are discussed. Dynamics of the hierarchy-heterarchy Of human minds and cultures is formulated using mean-field approach and approximate equations are obtained. The knowledge instinct operating in the mind heterarchy leads to mechanisms of differentiation and synthesis determining ontological development and cultural evolution. These mathematical models identify three types Of Cultures: "conceptual" pragmatic cultures in which emotionality of language is reduced and differentiation overtakes synthesis resulting in fast evolution at the price of uncertainty of values, self doubts, and internal crises: "traditional-emotional" cultures where differentiation lags behind synthesis, resulting in cultural stability at the price of stagnation; and "multi-cultural" societies combining fast cultural evolution and stability. Unsolved problems and future theoretical and experimental directions are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, SEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, SEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu NR 67 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.034 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 494JG UT WOS:000269808300005 PM 19616406 ER PT J AU Fontanari, JF Tikhanoff, V Cangelosi, A Ilin, R Perlovsky, LI AF Fontanari, Jose F. Tikhanoff, Vadim Cangelosi, Angelo Ilin, Roman Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI Cross-situational learning of object-word mapping using Neural Modeling Fields SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Networks Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Cross-situational learning; Language acquisition; Clustering algorithms; Neural Modeling Fields ID LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; CONSCIOUSNESS; OPTIMIZATION; EVOLUTION; COGNITION; ROBOTICS AB The issue of how children learn the meaning of words is fundamental to developmental psychology. The recent attempts to develop or evolve efficient communication protocols among interacting robots or Virtual agents have brought that issue to a central place in more applied research fields, such as computational linguistics and neural networks, as well. An attractive approach to learning an object-word mapping is the so-called cross-situational learning. This learning scenario is based on the intuitive notion that a learner can determine the meaning of a word by finding something in common across all observed uses of that word. Here we show how the deterministic Neural Modeling Fields (NMF) categorization mechanism can be used by the learner as an efficient algorithm to infer the correct object-word mapping. To achieve that we first reduce the original on-line learning problem to a batch learning problem where the inputs to the NMF mechanism are all possible object-word associations that Could be inferred from the cross-situational learning scenario. Since many of those associations are incorrect, they are considered as clutter or noise and discarded automatically by a clutter detector model included in our NMF implementation. With these two key ingredients - batch learning and clutter detection - the NMF mechanism was capable to infer perfectly the correct object-word mapping. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fontanari, Jose F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Tikhanoff, Vadim; Cangelosi, Angelo] Univ Plymouth, Adapt Behav & Cognit Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Ilin, Roman; Perlovsky, Leonid I.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fontanari, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Caixa Postal 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM fontanari@ifsc.usp.br; vadim.tikhanoff@plymouth.ac.uk; a.cangelosi@plymouth.ac.uk; roman.ilin.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil RI Cangelosi, Angelo/D-6784-2011; Fontanari, Jose/A-4511-2008; Tikhanoff, Vadim/P-3409-2016; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; OI Fontanari, Jose/0000-0001-9413-1922; Tikhanoff, Vadim/0000-0001-5295-3928; Cangelosi, Angelo/0000-0002-4709-2243 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.010 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 494JG UT WOS:000269808300011 PM 19596549 ER PT J AU Chushak, Y Stone, MO AF Chushak, Yaroslav Stone, Morley O. TI In silico selection of RNA aptamers SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BINDING RNA; MICROARRAYS; SEQUENCE; DOCKING; RECOGNITION; PREDICTION; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; PROGRAMS; LIGANDS AB In vitro selection of RNA aptamers that bind to a specific ligand usually begins with a random pool of RNA sequences. We propose a computational approach for designing a starting pool of RNA sequences for the selection of RNA aptamers for specific analyte binding. Our approach consists of three steps: (i) selection of RNA sequences based on their secondary structure, (ii) generating a library of three-dimensional (3D) structures of RNA molecules and (iii) high-throughput virtual screening of this library to select aptamers with binding affinity to a desired small molecule. We developed a set of criteria that allows one to select a sequence with potential binding affinity from a pool of random sequences and developed a protocol for RNA 3D structure prediction. As verification, we tested the performance of in silico selection on a set of six known aptamer-ligand complexes. The structures of the native sequences for the ligands in the testing set were among the top 5% of the selected structures. The proposed approach reduces the RNA sequences search space by four to five orders of magnitude-significantly accelerating the experimental screening and selection of high-affinity aptamers. C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav] USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chushak, Y (reprint author), USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM yaroslav.chushak@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); US Government [FA8650-05-2-6518] FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes (HSAI) initiative. Funding for open access charge: US Government contract FA8650-05-2-6518. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 AR e87 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp408 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 472FL UT WOS:000268115200035 PM 19465396 ER PT J AU Alley, JB Fenton, SJ Peterson, RM AF Alley, Joshua B. Fenton, Stephen J. Peterson, Richard M. TI The "Tip-Stitch": A Time-Saving Technique for Specimen Extraction in Sleeve Gastrectomy SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Sleeve gastrectomy; Bariatric surgery; Morbid obesity ID SUPER-OBESE-PATIENT AB Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has gained popularity as another tool available to weight loss surgeons, with published excess weight loss results similar or superior to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The gastrectomy specimen consists of a hollow "bag" of fundus, which is typically extracted through an enlarged port site. Extraction can be a challenging and time-consuming portion of the operation. The "Tip-Stitch" is a low-technology method of orienting the gastric specimen for easy retrieval. A suture through the distal tip of the specimen allows for extraction without enlarging a 15-mm trocar site. We report a small series of sleeve gastrectomy using this specimen extraction technique. No wound infections were seen, and enlargement of the fascial incision was done only once, early in our experience. Our technique describes a reliable method of intact specimen retrieval, typically without enlarging a 15-mm trocar incision. C1 [Alley, Joshua B.; Fenton, Stephen J.; Peterson, Richard M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Alley, JB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 59th SSS SGO2G, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM joshua.alley@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 926 EP 927 DI 10.1007/s11695-009-9810-1 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 466LP UT WOS:000267664000018 PM 19238497 ER PT J AU Shobeiri, SA LeClaire, E Nihira, MA Quiroz, LH O'Donoghue, D AF Shobeiri, S. Abbas LeClaire, Edgar Nihira, Mikio A. Quiroz, Lieschen H. O'Donoghue, Daniel TI Appearance of the Levator Ani Muscle Subdivisions in Endovaginal Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the International-Urogynecology-Association CY SEP 15-17, 2008 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Int Urogynecol Assoc ID VAGINAL BIRTH; ANATOMY; PELVIS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To formulate an evaluation system and authenticate the levator ani subdivisions visible on endovaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography. METHODS: A three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound examination was performed on five fresh-frozen female pelves. The location of the pubovaginalis, puboperinealis, puboanalis, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus muscles was identified. Three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound scans of 22 nulliparous women with normal pelvic floors were obtained, and a three-level evaluation system was constructed. Level 1 contained the muscles as they insert into the perineal body. Level 2 evaluated the insertions into the retropubic area and typically contained the pubovaginalis, puboperinealis, puboanalis, and puborectalis. Level 3 contained muscles that were cephalad to the pubic bone. Two blinded reviewers assessed levator ani subdivision visualization at each level and individual muscle visualization by the origin-insertion points. RESULTS: There was 98%, 96%, and 92% agreement for levels 1, 2, and 3 muscles, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.92-1, 0.95-0.99, and 0.88-0.95, respectively. Kappa values (95% CI) for agreement were calculated for individual muscles as follows: superficial transverse perinei and puborectalis were seen by both raters 100%, puboperinealis, pubovaginalis, and puboanalis 0.645 (0.1-1), and iliococcygeus 0.9 (0.6-1). CONCLUSION: The location of the pubovaginalis, puboperinealis, puboanalis, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus as seen by three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasonography was confirmed through anatomic dissection of fresh-frozen pelves. Subdivisions of the levator ani muscle were visualized reliably with three-dimensional ultrasonography using a systematic approach. (Obstet Gynecol 2009,714:66-72) C1 [Shobeiri, S. Abbas] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. USAF, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Shobeiri, SA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, 920 Stanton L Young Blvd,POB 26901,WT2410, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. EM Abbas-Shobeiri@ouhsc.edu NR 10 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 463BX UT WOS:000267404500011 PM 19546760 ER PT J AU Boginski, VL Commander, CW Turko, T AF Boginski, Vladimir L. Commander, Clayton W. Turko, Timofey TI Polynomial-time identification of robust network flows under uncertain arc failures SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Network flows; Minimum Cost Flow problems; Linear programming; Robust optimization; Quantitative risk measures; Conditional Value-at-Risk AB We propose Linear Programming (LP)-based solution methods for network flow problems subject to multiple uncertain arc failures, which allow finding robust optimal solutions in polynomial time under certain conditions. We justify this fact by proving that for the considered class of problems under uncertainty with linear loss functions, the number of entities in the corresponding LP formulations is polynomial with respect to the number of arcs in the network. The proposed formulation is efficient for sparse networks, as well as for time-critical networked systems, where quick and robust decisions play a crucial role. C1 [Boginski, Vladimir L.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. [Commander, Clayton W.] Munit Directorate, AF Res Lab, Niceville, FL USA. [Turko, Timofey] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Risk Management & Financial Engn Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Boginski, VL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. EM boginski@reef.ufl.edu; clayton.commander@gmail.com; jk13@ufl.edu OI Commander, Clayton/0000-0001-8477-932X NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s11590-009-0125-x PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 453BU UT WOS:000266585800014 ER PT J AU Messier, SE DiGeronimo, RJ Gillette, RK AF Messier, Stephen E. DiGeronimo, Robert J. Gillette, Robert K. TI Comparison of the Sensormedics (R) 3100A and Bronchotron (R) Transporter in a Neonatal Piglet ARDS Model SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Pediatric-Research CY MAR, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Soc Pediat Res DE high-frequency ventilation; high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; high-frequency percussive ventilation; tidal volume ID FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; MEAN AIRWAY PRESSURE; TIDAL VOLUME; GAS-EXCHANGE; LUNG INJURY; PULMONARY; INFANTS AB The Sensormedics (R) 3100A (Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH) (HFOV) and the Bronchotron (R) (Percussionaire, Sandpoint, ID) (HFPV) are high-frequency ventilation devices used to support neonatal respiratory failure; however, a comparison of the devices, with respect to gas exchange at similar ventilator settings, has not been previously studied. Thus, we compared the ability of HFOV to that of HFPV to provide oxygenation and ventilation during acute lung injury in a newborn animal model. Using a saline lung lavage model, 12 neonatal piglets were randomized to initial support with either the HFOV or HFPV with settings adjusted to achieve PaCO(2) of 45-60 mmHg. After stabilization, ventilator settings and arterial blood gases were serially recorded for 30 min. Animals were then crossed over to the alternative device set to deliver the same V(t), MAP, and F for an additional 30 min with the same parameters recorded. We found that the Delta P needed to generate adequate V(t) on HFPV (35 +/- 7 cmH(2)O) trended higher versus HFOV (31 +/- 7 cmH(2)O P=0.09) when the devices were matched for V(t), F, and MAP No significant differences in ventilation (PaCO(2)=50 +/- 10.7 mmHg vs. 46 +/- 10 mmHg, P=0.22) or oxygenation (PaO(2) = 150 +/- 76 mmHg vs. 149 +/- 107 mmHg, P=0.57) between the devices were found. We conclude that HFPV ventilates and oxygenates as well as HFOV at equivalent ventilator settings. HFPV may require larger Delta P's to generate equivalent V(t). Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:693-700. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Messier, Stephen E.; DiGeronimo, Robert J.; Gillette, Robert K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stephen.messier@med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1002/ppul.21041 PG 8 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 467HH UT WOS:000267728700011 PM 19499589 ER PT J AU Rebhi, R Mathey, P Jauslin, HR Cook, G Evans, DR Rytz, D Odoulov, S AF Rebhi, Riadh Mathey, Pierre Jauslin, Hans-Rudolf Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. Rytz, Daniel Odoulov, Serguey TI Dynamics of four-wave-mixing oscillators with quasi-phase-matching SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SEMILINEAR PHOTOREFRACTIVE OSCILLATOR; FREQUENCY-SHIFTED FEEDBACK; COHERENT OSCILLATOR; PUMP WAVES; REFLECTION; GRATINGS; BATIO3 AB The effect of pump-wave misalignment on the oscillation spectra of a semilinear photorefractive oscillator is studied numerically and compared with the results of experiments performed with BaTiO(3):Co and KNbO(3):Ag,Fe crystals. C1 [Rebhi, Riadh; Mathey, Pierre; Jauslin, Hans-Rudolf] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Inst Carnot Bourgogne, UMR 5209, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rytz, Daniel] Edelsteine Edelmetalle GmBH, Forschunginst Mineral & Metall Werkstoffe, D-55743 Wackenmuhle, Idar Oberstein, Germany. [Odoulov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, Gary] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rebhi, R (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Inst Carnot Bourgogne, UMR 5209, 9 Ave Alain Savary,BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. EM pierre.mathey@u-bourgogne.fr NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 013803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.013803 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 478VP UT WOS:000268616900156 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey TI Coupled force-balance and scattering equations for nonlinear transport in quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; FIELD AB The coupled force-balance and scattering equations have been derived and applied to study nonlinear transport of electrons subjected to a strong dc electric field in an elastic-scattering-limited quantum wire. Numerical results have demonstrated both field-induced heating-up and cooling-down behaviors in the non-equilibrium part of the total electron-distribution function by varying the impurity density or the width of the quantum wire. The obtained asymmetric distribution function in momentum space invalidates the application of the energy-balance equation to our quantum-wire system in the center-of-mass frame. The experimentally observed suppression of mobility by a driving field for the center-of-mass motion in the quantum-wire system has been reproduced [see K. Tsubaki et al., Electr. Lett. 24, 1267 (1988); M. Hauser et al., Sci. Technol. 9, 951 (1994)). In addition, the thermal enhancement of mobility in the elastic-scattering-limited system has been demonstrated, in accordance with a similar prediction made for graphene nanoribbons (see T. Fang et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 205403 (2008)]. This thermal enhancement has been found to play a more and more significant role with higher lattice temperature and becomes stronger for a low-driving field. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207] FX D. H. would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. G. G. was supported by Contract No. FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 033411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.033411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 478VX UT WOS:000268617800032 ER PT J AU Khramov, AN Johnson, JA AF Khramov, A. N. Johnson, J. A. TI Phosphonate-functionalized ORMOSIL coatings for magnesium alloys SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE Sol-gel; ORMOSIL; Interpenetrating network; Coating; Corrosion; Phosphonate; Magnesium ID 2024-T3 ALUMINUM-ALLOY; METAL-OXIDES AB Hybrid organically modified silicates, or ORMOSIL materials, with covalently attached pendant phosphonate groups were processed by a sol-gel method. A hydrolysis and condensation route Was used involving a phosphonato-silane and resultant films were evaluated as prospective coatings for magnesium AZ31B alloy substrates. The inclusion of phosphonate functionalities into the coating matrix was achieved by a co-condensation of the phosphonato-silane with other organo-functional silanes followed by blending the resultant phosphonate-functionalized silicate oligomers with another sol-gel matrix material to form an interpenetrating network structure. The effect of synthesis composition on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and film barrier properties was examined by several methods, including constant immersion and electrochemical tests. The observed enhancement in corrosion protection properties was attributed to a combination of the barrier properties of the organo-silicate matrix along with strengthening of the coating/substrate interface due to chemical bonding of the phosphonate groups to the metal surface. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khramov, A. N.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khramov, AN (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM alexander.khramov@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Surface and Interfacial Science FX The authors are grateful to Maj. J. Gresham for financial support on this project through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Surface and Interfacial Science "Smart Surfaces" program. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2009.03.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 460OA UT WOS:000267195800013 ER PT J AU Carrano, CS Anghel, A Quinn, RA Groves, KM AF Carrano, Charles S. Anghel, Adela Quinn, Richard A. Groves, Keith M. TI Kalman filter estimation of plasmaspheric total electron content using GPS SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; DENSITY AB We extend a Kalman filter technique for GPS total electron content (TEC) estimation by explicitly accounting for the contribution to the line-of-sight TEC from the plasmasphere. The plasmaspheric contribution is determined by integrating the electron density predicted by the Carpenter-Anderson model along GPS raypaths and allowing the Kalman filter to scale the results to fit the observations. The filter also estimates the coefficients of a local fit to the ionospheric TEC and the receiver and satellite instrumental biases. We compare algorithm results with and without the plasmasphere term for three GPS receivers located at different latitudes. We validate the approach by comparing ionospheric TEC estimates with Advanced Research Projects Agency Long-range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar measurements along coincident lines of sight to calibration objects in low Earth orbit. We find the technique is effective at separating the ionospheric and plasmaspheric contributions to the TEC by exploiting differences in the spatial distributions of electron density, and the time scales on which they vary, in these two regions. C1 [Carrano, Charles S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Anghel, Adela] Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, Richard A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Groves, Keith M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Carrano, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM charles.carrano@bc.edu OI Carrano, Charles/0000-0003-1317-2453 FU AFRL [FA8718-06-C-0022, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX This work was supported by AFRL contracts FA8718-06-C-0022 and FA8718-08-C-0012. The authors would like to thank Andrew Mazzella and the anonymous reviewers, whose helpful comments have improved this paper. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A10 DI 10.1029/2008RS004070 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 466FJ UT WOS:000267646200001 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Nag, S Singh, ARP Srinivasan, R Tiley, J Fraser, HL Banerjee, R AF Hwang, J. Y. Nag, S. Singh, A. R. P. Srinivasan, R. Tiley, J. Fraser, H. L. Banerjee, R. TI Evolution of the gamma/gamma ' interface width in a commercial nickel base superalloy studied by three-dimensional atom probe tomography SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP); Nickel superalloy; Interfaces ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; GAMMA'; MICROSCOPY; ALLOYS AB The compositional width of the gamma/gamma' interface in a commercial nickel base superalloy has been determined using three-dimensional atom probe tomography. Initially, on formation during continuous cooling, the primary gamma' precipitates exhibit a sharp interface while the secondary - precipitates exhibit a substantially diffuse interface. On subsequent isothermal aging, the interface width increases for the primary gamma' precipitates while it decreases for the secondary gamma' precipitates, reaching a near-equilibrium width for both types of interfaces after prolonged aging. (c) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, J. Y.; Nag, S.; Singh, A. R. P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, POB 305310, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM banerjee@unt.edu NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.011 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 447XK UT WOS:000266225100024 ER PT J AU Xie, JK Fehler, M AF Xie, Jiakang Fehler, Michael TI Comment on "Thirty Years of Confusion around 'Scattering Q'?" by Igor B. Morozov SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATTENUATION; WAVE C1 [Xie, Jiakang] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Fehler, Michael] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Xie, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; fehler@mit.edu NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 646 EP 647 DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.4.646 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 503FN UT WOS:000270518900012 ER PT J AU Kurdi, MH Beran, PS AF Kurdi, Mohammad H. Beran, Philip S. TI Optimization of dynamic response using a monolithic-time formulation SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-11, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA DE Dynamic response optimization; Spectral element; Transient; Periodic; Path optimization; Adjoint sensitivity; Shape optimization ID DESIGN SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; MICRO AIR VEHICLES; SHAPE DESIGN; SPACE; LOADS; SYSTEMS AB The design of systems for dynamic response may involve constraints that need to be satisfied over an entire time interval or objective functions evaluated over the interval. Efficiently performing the constrained optimization is challenging, since the typical response is implicitly linked to the design variables through a numerical integration of the governing differential equations. Evaluating constraints is costly, as is the determination of sensitivities to variations in the design variables. In this paper, we investigate the application of a temporal spectral element method to the optimization of transient and time-periodic responses of fundamental engineering systems. Through the spectral discretization, the response is computed globally, thereby enabling a more explicit connection between the response and design variables and facilitating the efficient computation of response sensitivities. Furthermore, the response is captured in a higher order manner to increase analysis accuracy. Two applications of the coupling of dynamic response optimization with the temporal spectral element method are demonstrated. The first application, a one-degree-of-freedom, linear, impact absorber, is selected from the auto industry, and tests the ability of the method to treat transient constraints over a large-time interval. The second application, a related mass-spring-damper system, shows how the method can be used to obtain work and amplitude optimal time-periodic control force subject to constraints over a periodic time interval. C1 [Kurdi, Mohammad H.; Beran, Philip S.] USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kurdi, MH (reprint author), USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Mohammad.Kurdi@wpafb.af.mil; Philip.Beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X EI 1615-1488 J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 83 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00158-008-0316-6 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 455TS UT WOS:000266789400006 ER PT J AU Seto, J Walsh, MP Mahadevan, P Purkayastha, A Clark, JM Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Seto, Jason Walsh, Michael P. Mahadevan, Padmanabhan Purkayastha, Anjan Clark, James M. Tibbetts, Clark Seto, Donald TI Genomic and bioinformatics analyses of HAdV-14p, reference strain of a re-emerging respiratory pathogen and analysis of B1/B2 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Human adenovirus; B1, B2 subspecies; Viral bioinformatics; Re-emerging pathogen; Respiratory disease; Human therapy vector ID ADENOVIRUS DNA-REPLICATION; US MILITARY RECRUITS; GENE-TRANSFER VECTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SPECIES-B; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; VACCINE; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Unlike other human adenovirus (HAdV) species, B is divided into subspecies B1 and B2. Originally this was partly based on restriction enzyme (RE) analysis. B1 members, except HAdV-50, are commonly associated with respiratory diseases while B2 members are rarely associated with reported respiratory diseases. Recently two members of B2 have been identified in outbreaks of acute respiratory disease (ARD). One, HAdV-14, has re-emerged after an apparent 52-year absence. Genomic analysis and bioinformatics data are reported for HAdV-14 prototype for use as a reference and to understand and counter its re-emergence. The data complement and extend the original criteria for subspecies designation, unique amongst the adenoviruses, and highlight differences between B1 and B2, representing the first comprehensive analysis of this division. These data also provide finer granularity into the pathoepidemiology of the HAdVs. Whole genome analysis uncovers heterogeneous identity structures of the hexon and fiber genes amongst the HAdV-14 and the B1/B2 subspecies, which may be important in prescient vaccine development. Analysis of cell surface proteins provides insight into HAdV-14 tropism, accounting for its role as a respiratory pathogen. This HAdV-14 prototype genome is also a reference for applications of B2 adenoviruses as vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seto, Jason; Walsh, Michael P.; Mahadevan, Padmanabhan; Purkayastha, Anjan; Seto, Donald] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Purkayastha, Anjan; Clark, James M.; Tibbetts, Clark; Seto, Donald] USAF, Directorate Modernizat SGR, Off Surgeon Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Purkayastha, Anjan; Clark, James M.; Tibbetts, Clark; Seto, Donald] EOS Consortium, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM jseto@gmu.edu; mwalsh5@gmu.edu; pmahadev@gmu.edu; purkayas@wi.mit.edu; jayemmsee@gmail.com; clark.tibbetts@tessarae.com; dseto@gmu.edu FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC) [DAMD17-03-2-0089] FX During the collection of the genome data and preliminary data analyses, AP (2003-2005), JMC (2004), CT (2001-2005) and DS (2002-2004) were affiliated with the HQ USAF Surgeon General Office, Directorate of Modernization (SGR) and the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS) Consortium, Falls Church, VA. Portions of this work were funded, during the time periods noted, by a grant (DAMD17-03-2-0089) from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC) and additional support was provided by the EOS Project, funded through HQUSAF Surgeon General Office, Directorate of Modernization (SGR) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Therefore, the opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 143 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.03.011 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 457QW UT WOS:000266948200012 PM 19463726 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Lindsay, CM Momose, T AF Fajardo, Mario E. Lindsay, C. Michael Momose, Takamasa TI Crystal field theory analysis of rovibrational spectra of carbon monoxide monomers isolated in solid parahydrogen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE carbon compounds; crystal field interactions; infrared spectra; quantum solids; solid hydrogen; vibrational modes ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS LATTICES; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRA; HELIUM NANODROPLETS; ARGON MATRIX; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; ISOLATED CO; TETRAHEDRAL MOLECULE AB We report the first rotationally resolved and completely assigned rovibrational spectrum for a nonhydride molecule rotating in the solid phase: carbon monoxide (CO) monomers isolated in cryogenic solid parahydrogen (p-H(2)). We employ a modified crystal field theory model, in which the CO molecular spectroscopic constants are taken as adjustable parameters, to make good spectroscopic assignments for all the observed features. We discuss the limitations of this approach and highlight the need for improved theoretical models of molecular rotation dynamics in quantum solids. C1 [Fajardo, Mario E.; Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Momose, Takamasa] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RWME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil NR 117 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 24 AR 244508 DI 10.1063/1.3158947 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 465PX UT WOS:000267600400033 PM 19566167 ER PT J AU Troe, J Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Troe, Juergen Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI On the accuracy of thermionic electron emission models. I. Electron detachment from SF6- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; THERMAL KINETICS; RATE CONSTANTS; SMALL SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE; ATTACHMENT; DISSOCIATION; SPECTRA; CLUSTER; RESOLUTION AB Detailed statistical rate calculations combined with electron capture theory and kinetic modeling for the electron attachment to SF6 and detachment from SF6- [Troe et al., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 244303 (2007)] are used to test thermionic electron emission models. A new method to calculate the specific detachment rate constants k(det)(E) and the electron energy distributions f(E, epsilon) as functions of the total energy E of the anion and the energy epsilon of the emitted electrons is presented, which is computationally simple but neglects fine structures in the detailed k(det)(E). Reduced electron energy distributions f(E, epsilon/ were found to be of the form (epsilon/)(n) exp(-epsilon/) with n approximate to 0.15, whose shape corresponds to thermal distributions only to a limited extent. In contrast, the average energies f(E, epsilon/) can be roughly estimated within thermionic emission and finite heat bath concepts. An effective temperature T-d (E) is determined from the relation E-EA= < ESF6(T-d)>+kT(d), where < E-SF6(T-d)> denotes the thermal internal energy of the detachment product SF6 at the temperature T-d and EA is the electron affinity of SF6. The average electron energy is then approximately given by =kT(d)(E), but dynamical details of the process are not accounted for by this approach. Simplified representations of k(det)(E) in terms of T-d(E) from the literature are shown to lead to only semiquantitative agreement with the equally simple but more accurate calculations presented here. An effective "isokinetic" electron emission temperature T-e(E) does not appear to be useful for the electron detachment system considered because it neither provides advantages over a representation of k(det)(E) as a function of T-d(E), nor are recommended relations between T-e(E) and T-d(E) of sufficient accuracy. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3149782] C1 [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-09-1-3001] FX This work was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Award No. FA8655-09-1-3001). One of the authors (T.M.M.) is under contract with Boston College. Continuing encouragement by M. Berman and technical assistance by A. I. Maergoiz are gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 24 AR 244303 DI 10.1063/1.3149782 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 465PX UT WOS:000267600400015 PM 19566149 ER PT J AU Albert, JM Bortnik, J AF Albert, J. M. Bortnik, J. TI Nonlinear interaction of radiation belt electrons with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; COHERENT VLF WAVES; EMIC WAVES; RESONANT INTERACTIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; PARTICLES; LOSSES; PLASMA; CRRES AB The rapid loss of radiation belt electrons in the main phase of geomagnetic storms is believed to be aided by EMIC waves, and is usually analyzed with quasi-linear theory. However, even moderate EMIC wave intensities easily cause resonant electrons to respond nonlinearly, with drastically different results. We map out the region of nonlinear behavior with a single parameter, and show that both the direction and magnitude of scattering can be estimated by analytical expressions. The nonlinear interactions typically lead to advection toward large pitch angles, rather than diffusion toward the loss cone. This is expected to reduce the overall loss rate and greatly affect the distribution of trapped electrons. Citation: Albert, J. M., and J. Bortnik (2009), Nonlinear interaction of radiation belt electrons with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12110, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038904. C1 [Albert, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil; jbortnik@gmail.com OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA [NNX08A1135G] FX This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. J. B. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX08A1135G. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L12110 DI 10.1029/2009GL038904 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 464FB UT WOS:000267489600006 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T Mishin, E Esposito, R AF Pedersen, T. Mishin, E. Esposito, R. TI New observations of HF-induced optical emissions from the ionospheric E region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; SELF-FOCUSING INSTABILITY; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC ZENITH; INDUCED AIRGLOW; PLASMA LINES; RADIO-WAVES; SPORADIC-E; IRREGULARITIES AB A new independent instance of highly localized artificial 557.7 nm optical emissions induced by high-power HF waves incident upon a precipitation-produced E layer at High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) confirms the original discovery of this phenomenon and adds a number of new observational facts. The features are excited by O mode transmissions but not X mode transmissions and disappear entirely during deliberate off periods. The specific transmitter pulsing period does not appear to be a critical factor, ruling out ULF resonances as a possible mechanism. The observed locations of the enhanced emissions are consistent with a small number of long-lived inhomogeneities traveling steadily across the field of view over several minutes. These persistent regions are preferentially excited even at a small fraction of peak power well away from the beam center and can reappear along the same trajectory after gaps of more than 1 min. The absence of any detectable enhancements in directly coincident 630.0 nm data or side-looking 557.7 and 630.0 nm images focused on the F region portion of the field line conclusively locates these artificial emissions in the ionospheric E region. We suggest possible hypotheses that might explain the new observations and the earlier results. C1 [Pedersen, T.; Mishin, E.; Esposito, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU AFOSR task [2311AS]; AFRL [FA8718-08-C0012] FX HAARP is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. This work was carried out under AFOSR task 2311AS and AFRL contract FA8718-08-C0012 to Boston College, where E. V. M. was employed. We thank Davis Sentman of the University of Alaska for providing side-looking images and Michael McCarrick of BAE Systems Inc. for the detailed transmitter beam power patterns. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A06316 DI 10.1029/2008JA013596 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 464FY UT WOS:000267491900001 ER PT J AU Starks, MJ Bell, TF Quinn, RA Inan, US Piddyachiy, D Parrot, M AF Starks, M. J. Bell, T. F. Quinn, R. A. Inan, U. S. Piddyachiy, D. Parrot, M. TI Modeling of Doppler-shifted terrestrial VLF transmitter signals observed by DEMETER SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Observations of signals from a terrestrial very low frequency (VLF) transmitter made by the DEMETER spacecraft inside the plasmasphere are modeled using a three-dimensional wave propagation code. The simulation results agree well with the satellite measurements, predicting both the incidence and frequency offset of Doppler-shifted signals resulting from non-ducted interhemispheric propagation paths through the plasmasphere. The observed Doppler shifts are similar to those which can result from linear mode coupling as VLF transmitter signals scatter from small-scale plasma density irregularities. Thus care must be taken to differentiate the two effects when studying the power loss of VLF waves through the ionosphere. The agreement shown between predictions and observation demonstrates the utility of the models used for understanding the wave energy distribution in the plasmasphere from terrestrial transmitters. Citation: Starks, M. J., T. F. Bell, R. A. Quinn, U. S. Inan, D. Piddyachiy, and M. Parrot (2009), Modeling of Doppler-shifted terrestrial VLF transmitter signals observed by DEMETER, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12103, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038511. C1 [Starks, M. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Quinn, R. A.] AER Corp, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Parrot, M.] CNRS, LPC2E, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Bell, T. F.; Inan, U. S.; Piddyachiy, D.] Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Starks, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM michael.starks@us.af.mil FU Department of the Air Force [F49620-03-1-0338-P00002, F19628-03-C-0059-P00002]; Office of Naval Research [N000140710789, Z882802] FX The Stanford University STAR Laboratory is a Guest Investigator of the French micro-satellite DEMETER operated by CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). The Stanford authors were supported by the Department of the Air Force, under grant F49620-03-1-0338-P00002 and contract F19628-03-C-0059-P00002, and by the Office of Naval Research under Prime Award N000140710789 to the University of Maryland with subcontract Z882802 to Stanford University. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L12103 DI 10.1029/2009GL038511 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 460KH UT WOS:000267186100005 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SA Belletire, JL Boatz, JA Schneider, S Wheaton, AK Wight, BA Hudgens, LM Ammon, HL Strauss, SH AF Shackelford, Scott A. Belletire, John L. Boatz, Jerry A. Schneider, Stefan Wheaton, Amanda K. Wight, Brett A. Hudgens, Leslie M. Ammon, Herman L. Strauss, Steven H. TI Pairing Heterocyclic Cations with closo-Icosahedral Borane and Carborane Anions. I. Benchtop Aqueous Synthesis of Binary Triazolium and Imidazolium Salts with Limited Water Solubility SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MELTS AB Ten new salts that pair triazolium and Imidazolium cations with closo-icosahedral anions [B(12)H(12)](2-) and [CB(11)H(12)](-) were synthesized In water solvent using an open-air, benchtop method. These unreported [Heterocyclium](2)[B(12)H(12)] and [Heterocyclium](CB(11)H(12)] salts extend reports of [Imidazolium][CB(11)H(12)] and [Pyridinium][CB(11)H(12)] salts that were synthesized in anhydrous organic solvents under an Inert atmosphere with glovebox or Schlenk techniques. Spectroscopic data, melting points, and densities are reported for each salt. Single-crystal X-ray structures are provided for the five new [B(12)H(12)](2-) salts. C1 [Shackelford, Scott A.; Belletire, John L.; Wheaton, Amanda K.; Wight, Brett A.; Hudgens, Leslie M.] AFRL RZSP, AF Res Lab, Propellants Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Ammon, Herman L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Strauss, Steven H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shackelford, SA (reprint author), AFRL RZSP, AF Res Lab, Propellants Branch, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM scott.shackelford@edwards.af.mil FU AFRL/RZS, Edwards AFB, CA FX Mr. Milton B. McKay verified the ion chromatography halide ion content procedure prior to it being used for our Cl- analyses on salts 1-11. AFRL/RZS, Edwards AFB, CA, provided administrative, financial, and technical support. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2626 DI 10.1021/ol900550v PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 457LT UT WOS:000266930900037 PM 19441856 ER PT J AU Frazier, JM Chushak, Y Foy, B AF Frazier, John M. Chushak, Yaroslav Foy, Brent TI Stochastic simulation and analysis of biomolecular reaction networks SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC NETWORK; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; CELL; LIPOSOMES; SOFTWARE AB Background: In recent years, several stochastic simulation algorithms have been developed to generate Monte Carlo trajectories that describe the time evolution of the behavior of biomolecular reaction networks. However, the effects of various stochastic simulation and data analysis conditions on the observed dynamics of complex biomolecular reaction networks have not recieved much attention. In order to investigate these issues, we employed a a software package developed in out group, called Biomolecular Network Simulator (BNS), to simulate and analyze the behavior of such systems. The behavior of a hypothetical two gene in vitro transcription-translation reaction network is investigated using the Gillespie exact stochastic algorithm to illustrate some of the factors that influence the analysis and interpretation of these data. Results: Specific issues affecting the analysis and interpretation of simulation data are investigated, including: (1) the effect of time interval on data presentation and time-weighted averaging of molecule numbers, (2) effect of time averaging interval on reaction rate analysis, (3) effect of number of simulations on precision of model predictions, and (4) implications of stochastic simulations on optimization procedures. Conclusion: The two main factors affecting the analysis of stochastic simulations are: (1) the selection of time intervals to compute or average state variables and (2) the number of simulations generated to evaluate the system behavior. C1 [Frazier, John M.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chushak, Yaroslav] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Foy, Brent] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.frazier@wpafb.af.mil; yaroslav.chushak@wpafb.af.mil; brent.foy@wright.edu FU Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office (HPCMPO) FX The work of Yaroslav Chushak was made possible by a grant from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office (HPCMPO). The work of Brent Foy was made possible by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. DISCLAIMER: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, or the U.S. Department of Defense. This paper has been approved for public release with unlimited distribution (Case Number: 88ABW-2008-0859). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD JUN 17 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 64 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-3-64 PG 21 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 472PZ UT WOS:000268145500001 PM 19534796 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Tauke-Pedretti, A Chavez, JC Tilton, ML Dente, GC AF Ongstad, Andrew P. Kaspi, Ron Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Chavez, Joseph C. Tilton, Michael L. Dente, Gregory C. TI Controlling the outcoupled power in a dual wavelength optically pumped semiconductor laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical losses; optical pumping; optical waveguides; semiconductor lasers ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MIDINFRARED LASER; GAIN AB We present a study of a dual wavelength optically pumped midinfrared semiconductor laser. In order to control the outcoupled power of each wavelength, the modal overlap between the adjacent gain regions was minimized while the pump absorbance for each gain region was balanced. The nominal power expectation, based solely on the absorbed power per gain region, was observed to be generally in good agreement with measurement. Improved power accounting can be accomplished if the waveguide loss and internal efficiency at each operational wavelength is known. C1 [Ongstad, Andrew P.; Kaspi, Ron; Tauke-Pedretti, Anna] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Chavez, Joseph C.; Tilton, Michael L.] Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Dente, Gregory C.] GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 24 AR 241111 DI 10.1063/1.3155427 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 460DF UT WOS:000267166600011 ER EF