FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Abu Al-Rub, RK Palazotto, AN AF Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI NONLOCAL GRADIENT-DEPENDENT CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR SIMULATING LOCALIZED DAMAGE AND FRACTURE OF VISCOPLASTIC SOLIDS UNDER HIGH-ENERGY IMPACTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nonlocal visco plasticity; impact damage; length-scale effect; ballistic limit; mesh sensitivity; projectile perforation; adiabatic shear banding ID ANISOTROPIC VISCODAMAGE; DEFORMATION; FORMULATION; PROJECTILES AB Understanding the constraints and limitations of various potential hull structure materials and armor is paramount in design considerations of future civil and military vehicles. Developing and applying theoretical and computational models that guide the development of design criteria and fabrication processes of high-impact/ballistic-resistant materials are essential. Therefore, performing accurate computational modeling and simulation of the ballistic response of vehicles made of high-performance materials under impact/blast loading conditions is invaluable. However, as soon as material failure dominates a deformation process, the material increasingly displays strain softening (localization) and the finite-element computations are affected considerably by the mesh size and alignment and gives non-physical descriptions of the damaged regions and failure of solids. This study is concerned with the development and numerical implementation of a novel coupled thermo-hypo-elasto, thermo-visco-plastic, and thermo-visco-damage constitutive model within the laws of thermodynamics in which implicit and explicit intrinsic material length-scale parameters are incorporated through the nonlocal gradient-dependent viscoplasticity and viscodamage constitutive equations. In this current model, the Laplacian of the effective viscoplastic strain rate and its coefficient, which introduces a missing length-scale parameter, enter the constitutive equations beside the local effective viscoplastic strain. It is shown through simulating plugging fracture in ballistic penetration of high-strength steel circular plates by hardened blunt-nose cylindrical steel projectiles that the Laplacian coefficient parameter plays the role of a localization limiter during the penetration and perforation processes allowing one to obtain meaningful values for the ballistic limit velocity (or perforation resistance) independent of the finite-element mesh density. For the corresponding local model, on the other hand, the ballistic limit continuously decreases as the mesh density increases and does not converge even for the finest mesh. C1 [Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abu Al-Rub, RK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rabualrub@civil.tamu.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Army Research Office; U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Air Force Institute of Technology and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Also, R.K.A.A.-R. gratefully acknowledges the partial financial support by the Army Research Office through Dr. Bruce LaMattina as program director and by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy through Dr. Ken Chong as program director. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 5 BP 503 EP 526 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 018DB UT WOS:000309639200008 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI A THEORY OF LOW ECCENTRICITY EARTH SATELLITE MOTION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm ID ARTIFICIAL-SATELLITE; PERIODIC-ORBITS; KAM TORI AB Earth satellite motion is considered from the point of view of periodic orbits and Floquet theory in the earth's zonal potential field. Periodic orbits in the zonal potential are nearly circular, except near the critical inclination. The local linear solution near the periodic orbit includes two degenerate modes that locally mirror the global invariance to time and nodal rotation, at least in the zonal potential. Since the earth's oblateness is included in the periodic orbit, perturbations generally begin at one part in 10(5), not one part in 10(3). Perturbations to the periodic orbit are calculated for sectoral and tesseral potential terms, for air drag, and for third body effects. The one free oscillatory mode of the periodic orbit is the eccentricity / argument of perigee analogues, and this can be extended past the first order in small quantities. There results a compact, purely numerical set of algorithms that may rival numerical integration in their accuracy, but have the usual "general perturbations" advantage of calculation directly at the time of interest, without having to perform a long propagation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 609 EP 627 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787200039 ER PT S AU Munoz, JD Leve, FA AF Munoz, Josue D. Leve, Frederick A. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI ARTIFICIAL POTENTIAL STEERING FOR ANGULAR MOMENTUM EXCHANGE DEVICES SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm ID GYROSCOPES; LAW AB Artificial potential function methodology is well-suited for steering of angular momentum exchange devices (AMED) since path constraints (i.e., saturation and singularities) can be imposed using artificial potentials. The angular momentum artificial potential steering (AMAPS) method is developed by first defining a reference trajectory for the angular momentum of the AMED. Next, angular momentum saturation for both reaction wheel assemblies (RWA) and control moment gyros (CMG) are handled by using a repulsive artificial potential function. Singularities of CMGs are handled by defining a repulsive potential to ensure that the Jacobian stays full rank. C1 [Munoz, Josue D.; Leve, Frederick A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Munoz, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 991 EP 1001 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787200062 ER PT S AU Nayak, MV Udreat, B AF Nayak, Michael V. Udreat, Bogdan BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF A PRELIMINARY TARGET SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR THE DESIGN OF A NEAR EARTH ASTEROID HOPPING MISSION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm AB A prospecting mission with a human crew on board is planned to visit multiple near-Earth asteroids (NEAs); the number of NEAs visited is maximized across a mission timeline limited at three years with a minimum operations time at any NEA of five days. The paper describes the setup and results of an algorithm employed for preliminary asteroid target selection for the mission. The algorithm is used to determine the order of transfer between viable targets, keeping Delta V at a minimum, minimizing the computational burden of optimization and maximizing the number of targets visited within the mission timeline. Based on distance from the originating asteroid, inclination change, and planetary perturbation effects, the algorithm is used to support a decision-tree approach to target selection. Results are validated using Satellite Tool Kit v.9.1 Design Explorer Optimizer and used to plan a five-asteroid mission. C1 [Nayak, Michael V.] USAF, Space Dev & Test Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Nayak, MV (reprint author), USAF, Space Dev & Test Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM michael.nayak@kirtland.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 1893 EP 1911 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787201008 ER PT S AU Baldwin, M Weiss, A Kolmanovsky, I Erwin, RS AF Baldwin, Morgan Weiss, Avishai Kolmanovsky, Ilya Erwin, R. Scott BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI SPACECRAFT DEBRIS AVOIDANCE USING POSITIVELY INVARIANT CONSTRAINT ADMISSIBLE SETS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm AB To cope with the growing amount of debris in the Earth orbit, spacecraft collision avoidance capabilities are necessary. In this paper, we propose an approach to debris avoidance maneuvering based on the use of safe positively invariant sets in order to steer the spacecraft, under closed-loop control, around a piece of debris. A connectivity graph of forced equilibria is computed based on the overlap of these invariant sets, and a graph search algorithm is then implmented in order to find the shortest path around the debris. Fast growth distance computation is employed for on-board real-time applicability. Simulation results are presented that illustrate this approach. C1 [Baldwin, Morgan; Erwin, R. Scott] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Baldwin, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 2209 EP 2222 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787201027 ER PT S AU DeMars, KJ Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Jah, Moriba K. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION VIA GAUSSIAN MIXTURE APPROXIMATION OF THE ADMISSIBLE REGION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm ID FILTER AB The concept of the admissible region for a set of optical angles and their associated rates (with respect to time) provides a convenient method for bounding the set of all possible range/range-rate combinations that can provide Earth-bound orbit solutions (i.e. have negative orbital energy). Previous approaches to the problem of utilizing the admissible region for initial orbit determination have implemented discretization schemes to generate either hypotheses or triangulations which are then forecast in order to assimilate future incoming data. While both approaches have shown promise, neither approach provides a method by which probabilistic interpretations of the admissible region or the forward predictions may be made. This work investigates a method that employs a probabilistic approximation of the admissible region. In particular, Gaussian mixture approximations arc applied to the admissible region in order to generate an initial probability density function (pdf) that is associated with uniform ambiguity within the admissible region. The Gaussian mixture pdf is then forecast using a Gaussian mixture filter and subsequent arcs of data are processed within the Gaussian mixture framework to refine the region of uncertainty. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 2359 EP 2378 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787201036 ER PT S AU DeMars, KJ Cheng, Y Bishop, RH Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Cheng, Yang Bishop, Robert H. Jah, Moriba K. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI METHODS FOR SPLITTING GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS WITHIN THE AEGIS FILTER SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm ID DIVERGENCE; ROBUST AB The tracking of space objects is characterized by the lack of frequent observations of the objects. As such, long periods of time in which the object's uncertainty must be propagated are often encountered. The AEGIS filter, which employs an online adaptation of a Gaussian mixtures representation of the uncertainty, has recently been proposed for uncertainty propagation, where the adaptation is based on application of splitting libraries. This work examines several cost functions based on information theoretic divergences and either enforcing or not enforcing moment-equality constraints to develop new splitting libraries and assesses the splitting libraries in the context of uncertainty propagation for space object tracking. It is shown via simulation studies that the Gamma divergence without enforcing moment-equality constraints produces the most accurate method for propagation of uncertainty. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 2379 EP 2398 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787201037 ER PT S AU Maize, K Heller, E Dorsey, D Shakouri, A AF Maize, Kerry Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Shakouri, Ali GP IEEE TI Thermoreflectance CCD Imaging of Self Heating in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Power Transistors at High Drain Voltage SO 2012 28TH ANNUAL IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (SEMI-THERM) SE Proceedings IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM) CY MAR 18-22, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Advancing Technol Human, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Mentor Graph, Mech Anal Div, Future Facilities, Novark Technol Inc, GE Licensing, Elect Cooling, Circuitnet, Micronews, Elect Protect, Qpedia, SMT, PCBC AFE, PCB 007, PCB Design 007, MEPTEC, iMAPS, IPC, Semi DE component; Thermoreflectance imaging; GaN; HEMT; Power Transistors; Self Heating AB Thermoreflectance CCD imaging with sub-micron spatial resolution was used to characterize self heating nonuniformity in two finger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility power transistors at equivalent power (1.27 W) for different combinations of drain and gate voltage. Thermoreflectance images of device surface temperature revealed formation and redistribution of local hotspots as transistor drain voltage increased from V-D=10.7 V to 50 V. For all bias points, heating between the two fingers was not fully uniform. At high drain voltage, heating migrated toward the drain side of the channel and increased thermal nonuniformity was observed along symmetric drain and source fingers. Direct microthermocouple measurements confirmed the spatial temperature nonuniformity that was observed in thermoreflectance images. Results demonstrated the usefulness of fast thermoreflectance imaging to inspect self heating in GaN thin film power devices with high with high spatial resolution. C1 [Maize, Kerry] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shakouri, Ali] Purdue Univ, Brick Nano Technol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Maize, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kerry@soe.ucsc.edu; shakouri@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by a grant from Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 978-1-4673-1111-3; 978-1-4673-1109-0 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2012 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000309172400029 ER PT S AU Patton, LK Hack, DE Himed, B AF Patton, Lee K. Hack, Daniel E. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Adaptive Pulse Design for Space-Time Adaptive Processing SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE AB Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is used in radar to adaptively suppress both ground clutter returns and radio frequency interference (RFI). However, RFI suppression utilizes degrees-of-freedom that would otherwise be applied to clutter suppression. This paper considers designing the transmit pulse so that fast-time correlated (i.e., colored) RFI is suppressed in the pulse-compression stage preceding the STAP processor. The objective function and constraints for the waveform optimization are derived, and a numerical example demonstrating the efficacy of the approach is provided. C1 [Patton, Lee K.; Hack, Daniel E.] Matrix Res, Dayton, OH USA. [Himed, Braham] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Patton, LK (reprint author), Matrix Res, Dayton, OH USA. EM lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpfb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900007 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Patton, LK Kerrick, AD Saville, MA AF Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Kerrick, Alan D. Saville, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Direct Cartesian Detection, Localization, and De-Ghosting for Passive Multistatic Radar SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE ID MOVING TARGETS AB Conventional passive multistatic radar systems, which are comprised of multiple transmitters and receivers, detect and localize targets in a two-stage process. First, detections are performed independently for each bistatic transmit-receive pair. A multilateration process then uses the resulting bistatic range estimates to localize the targets in Cartesian space. Multilateration results in additional false "ghost" targets, which must be removed by a subsequent process. This paper presents a single-stage approach that performs detection, localization, and deghosting directly in Cartesian space. This approach is the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for scintillating targets, which provides improved probability of detection compared to the conventional approach by making use of available diversity gain. Furthermore, as target localization and deghosting are performed implicitly, separate localization and deghosting processes are not required. Detection performance equations are provided, as are numerical examples illustrating the inherent localization and deghosting nature of the proposed architecture. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Kerrick, Alan D.; Saville, Michael A.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hack, Daniel E.; Saville, Michael A.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; alan.kerrick@wpafb.af.mil; michael.saville@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900012 ER PT S AU Kreucher, C Himed, B AF Kreucher, Chris Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Multiple Target Tracking Using a Narrowband RF Sensor Array SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE ID MULTITARGET TRACKING; DENSITY AB This paper describes a method for detecting and tracking multiple moving targets using a multistatic narrowband radar sensor array. We show that the appropriate model for the sensor array measurements is non-linear and the statistics are non-Gaussian. We use this model in conjunction with a Bayesian estimation algorithm which constructs a probability density on the number of targets and their states. The density is approximated using a novel hybrid discrete grid/particle filter. We evaluate the performance on a set of experimental data from a 6-channel array to detect and track two targets that cross, make sharp turns, and move nearly cross-radially to some pairs for a significant portion of the collect. C1 [Kreucher, Chris] Integr Applicat Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYMD WPAFB, RF Technol Branch, Columbus, OH USA. RP Kreucher, C (reprint author), Integr Applicat Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ckreucher@integrity-apps.com; Braham.Himed@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-M-1549, FA8650-10-C-1718] FX This work was supported by The Air Force Research Laboratory, contracts FA8650-09-M-1549 and FA8650-10-C-1718. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900037 ER PT S AU Bhat, SS Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Bhat, Surendra S. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Bandwidth Sharing and Scheduling for Multimodal Radar with Communications and Tracking SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE AB A multimodal radar varies its bandwidth (and hence resolution) based on the arrangement of target scattering features, possibly leaving unused bandwidth for other applications. In this paper, we explore bandwidth sharing scenarios between radar and communications. We divide the surveillance space into sectors and use fuzzy logic to arrive at priorities for each sector. Multi-objective optimization is used to arrive at solutions making the best use of available bandwidth between radar and communications. We also consider the problem of scheduling between tracking and surveillance for the multimodal radar. Smart scheduling is necessary to make the best use of available radar resources. We look at algorithms for special target scenarios. Tracking is performed using the particle filter algorithm. C1 [Bhat, Surendra S.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson AFB, US Air Force, Res Lab, Columbus, OH USA. RP Bhat, SS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ssb166@psu.edu; ram@engr.psu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL Prime [FA8650-08-D-1303, LB001740] FX The research was supported by AFRL Prime Contract # FA8650-08-D-1303 through Dynetics Purchase Order #LB001740. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900059 ER PT S AU Kay, S Ding, Q Rangaswamy, M AF Kay, Steven Ding, Quan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Robust Signal Detection by Using The EEF SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE DE Detection; exponentially embedded family; multimodal sensor integration; robustness AB In detection theory, the optimal Neyman-Pearson rule applies when the characteristics of the signal and the noise are completely known. However, in many practical scenarios such as multipath or moving targets, only partial knowledge of the signal can be obtained. In this paper, we examine the case when the alternative hypothesis has multiple candidate models, and apply the multimodal sensor integration technique based on the exponentially embedded family to detection. It is shown that our method is asymptotically optimal as it converges to the true underlying model. Furthermore, this method is computationally efficient. We also compare the proposed method with existing classifier combining rules by simulations. C1 [Kay, Steven; Ding, Quan] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson AFB, US Air Force, Res Lab, Columbus, OH USA. RP Kay, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM kay@ele.uri.edu; dingqqq@ele.uri.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) [FA8650-08-D- 1303]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [FA8650-11-1-7148] FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) under contract number FA8650-08-D- 1303 to Dynetics, Inc. and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract number FA8650-11-1-7148. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900060 ER PT S AU O'Donnell, B Zhang, JJ Papandreou-Suppappola, A Rangaswamy, M AF O'Donnell, Brian Zhang, Jun Jason Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Waveform-agile Multiple Target Tracking Using Probability Hypothesis Density Filtering SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE AB We investigate a waveform-agile technique for tracking multiple targets using the probability hypothesis density filter (PHDF). We assume that waveforms can be chosen from a class of linear frequency-modulated signals with varying parameters and implement the PHDF sequentially using particle filtering. The selection process myopically chooses the transmit waveform for each target by minimizing the predicted mean-squared error (MSE) across a pre-computed waveform library. Using simulations, we compare the performance of the proposed waveform-agile PHDF tracker with a fixed waveform PHDF tracker, demonstrating improved MSE tracking performance. C1 [O'Donnell, Brian; Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zhang, Jun Jason] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] WPAFB, US Air Force, Res Lab, Columbus, OH USA. RP O'Donnell, B (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) [FA8650-08-D-1303]; Security and Defense Systems Initiative (SDSI), Arizona State University FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) under contract No. FA8650-08-D-1303 to Dynetics, Inc. and by the Security and Defense Systems Initiative (SDSI), Arizona State University. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900062 ER PT S AU Wilkins, N Shaw, A AF Wilkins, Nathan Shaw, Arnab GP IEEE TI Beamformer Bank Optimization for True Time Delay Beam-Space Processing SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE AB The authors examine optimization of the antenna array beamformer bank for a technique to apply coherent signal subspace processing in the beam-space of a bank of true time delay beamformers. This technique offers computational expense advantages over element-space methods, Mean Square Error (MSE) performance similar to wideband coherent subspace techniques and is frequency invariant. This article reports on simulation experiments to improve the true time delay beamformer bank configuration so as to optimize MSE performance of source direction resolution for closely spaced wideband sources. Simulations include pattern search, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing global optimization methods. Results indicate that performance can be significantly improved by applying these methods to the beamformer bank design. C1 [Wilkins, Nathan] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Shaw, Arnab] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Wilkins, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM nathan.wilkins@eglin.af.mil; arnab.shaw@wright.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900111 ER PT S AU Wilkins, N Shaw, A AF Wilkins, Nathan Shaw, Arnab GP IEEE TI Multiple Source Resolution for True Time Delay Beam-Space Processing SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE AB The authors examine a technique to apply coherent signal subspace processing in the beam-space of a bank of true time delay beamformers. The technique is shown to be capable of resolving closely spaced sources while being inherently wideband in nature, computationally less expensive than many previous wideband coherent integration techniques, and does not rely on a preliminary angle of arrival estimate. The technique is examined for performance with various levels of noise in the system compared to previous methods and the Cramer-Rao theoretical performance bound. C1 [Wilkins, Nathan] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Shaw, Arnab] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Wilkins, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM nathan.wilkins@eglin.af.mil; arnab.shaw@wright.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900130 ER PT J AU Ball, DW AF Ball, David W. TI Maxwell's Equations, Part V SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB This is the fifth installment in a series devoted to explaining Maxwell's equations, the four mathematical statements upon which the classical theory of electromagnetic fields - and light - is based. Previous installments can be found on Spectroscopy's website (www.spectroscopyonline. com/The+Baseline+Column). Maxwell's equations are expressed in the language of vector calculus, so a significant part of previous columns have been dedicated to explaining vector calculus, not spectroscopy. For better or worse, that's par for the course, and it's my job to explain it well - I trust readers will let me know if I fail! The old adage "the truth will set you free" might be better stated, for our purposes, as "math will set you free." And that's the truth. C1 [Ball, David W.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Ball, DW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM d.ball@csuohio.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI DULUTH PA 131 W 1ST STREET, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY-US JI Spectroscopy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 24 EP + PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 880YR UT WOS:000299447000002 ER PT J AU Kobaku, SPR Kota, AK Lee, DH Mabry, JM Tuteja, A AF Kobaku, Sai P. R. Kota, Arun K. Lee, Duck Hyun Mabry, Joseph M. Tuteja, Anish TI Patterned Superomniphobic-Superomniphilic Surfaces: Templates for Site-Selective Self-Assembly SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE materials science; self-assembly; surface chemistry; wettability ID ARRAYS; WATER; MICROCHANNELS; WETTABILITY; PAPER; OIL; SUPEROLEOPHOBICITY; FABRICATION; MONOLAYERS; DEVICES C1 [Kobaku, Sai P. R.; Tuteja, Anish] Univ Michigan, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kota, Arun K.; Lee, Duck Hyun; Tuteja, Anish] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Rocket Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tuteja, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM atuteja@umich.edu OI Kobaku, Sai/0000-0001-7727-2619 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0017, LRIR-12RZ03COR]; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan FX We thank Dr. Charles Y-C. Lee and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support under grant numbers FA9550-11-1-0017 and LRIR-12RZ03COR. We also thank the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the University of Michigan for financial support. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 11 U2 115 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 40 BP 10109 EP 10113 DI 10.1002/anie.201202823 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 011RE UT WOS:000309181700027 PM 22936631 ER PT J AU Campbell, RA Pickett, BM La Saponara, V Dierdorf, D AF Campbell, Richard A. Pickett, Brent M. La Saponara, Valeria Dierdorf, Douglas TI Thermal Characterization and Flammability of Structural Epoxy Adhesive and Carbon/Epoxy Composite with Environmental and Chemical Degradation SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Structural adhesive; durability; flammability; thermogravimetric analysis ID AIRCRAFT; JOINTS; FIRE; FRP AB This study investigates the thermal degradation and flammability properties of structural epoxy adhesive and carbon/epoxy composite subject to environmental and chemical agents typical of aerospace operations: water, jet fuel, hydraulic fluid, fuel additive (not mixed in jet fuel), at three conditioning temperatures similar to those experienced by an aerospace composite structure during its operation. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) gave results consistent with those from hardness tests on control and conditioned specimens: they provide evidence for the severity of the adhesive's degradation due to hydraulic fluid (for conditioning temperatures higher than room temperature) or fuel additive (at all temperatures of this study). TGA scans show the thermal degradation of carbon/epoxy composite by fuel additive at room temperature. Through Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC), the flammability properties of selected specimens were measured. Results for the treatment at room temperature confirmed those from the TGA, DSC and hardness tests. The MCC showed a decreased heat release rate for the adhesive samples treated at high temperature in hydraulic fluid and fuel additive. This may be possibly due to the increased amount of char compared to the room temperature treatments. These new results raise concerns regarding the durability of structural epoxy adhesive contaminated by hydraulic fluid or fuel additive, under simplified test conditions (no prior mechanical damage, no coatings/sealants, no mixing of fluids). (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012 C1 [La Saponara, Valeria] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Campbell, Richard A.; Dierdorf, Douglas] Appl Res Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Pickett, Brent M.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP La Saponara, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vlasaponara@ucdavis.edu; ddierdorf@ara.com OI Dierdorf, Doug/0000-0002-1754-2186 FU AFRL/RXQE; National Science Foundation [CMMI-062196, CMMI-0642814] FX The authors are grateful to AFRL/RXQE for supporting Campbell, Pickett and Dierdorf, and funding the DSC/TGA and MCC tests. They also thank Dr. Patrick Sullivan (AFRL/RXQE) for the analysis of the TGA results, and Charles Winkelmann and Yoshino Sugita (Advanced Composites Research, Engineering and Science, UC Davis) for fabricating the specimens and carrying out the gravimetric tests upon which this study is based. This work was partially supported by funding from the National Science Foundation (grant CMMI-062196 and CAREER grant CMMI-0642814) to La Saponara. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 7 SI SI BP 889 EP 910 DI 10.1163/156856111X593621 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 978LM UT WOS:000306742400003 ER PT J AU Barcomb, K Krill, D Mills, R Saville, M AF Barcomb, Kris Krill, Dennis Mills, Robert Saville, Michael BE Lysenko, V TI Establishing Cyberspace Sovereignty SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE cyberspace; space; sovereignty; critical infrastructure AB International norms governing appropriate conduct in cyberspace are immature, leaving politicians, diplomats, and military authorities to grapple with the challenges of defending against and executing hostilities in cyberspace. Cyberspace is unlike the traditional physical domains where actions occur at specific geographic places and times. Rules governing conduct in the traditional domains emerged over centuries and share a common understanding of sovereignty that helps establish and justify the use of force. In cyberspace, sovereignty is a more abstract notion because the geographic boundaries are often difficult to define as data and applications increasingly reside in a virtual, global "cloud." This paper proposes a construct for establishing sovereignty in cyberspace by studying similarities between space and cyberspace. The characteristics of the space domain challenged traditional notions of sovereignty based on geography. As nations deployed space-based capabilities, the concept of sovereignty needed to mature to deal with the physical realities of space. Sovereignty is defined, and general requirements for claiming sovereignty are presented. The evolution of sovereignty in space is then discussed, followed by a construct for how sovereignty could be defined in cyberspace. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on how military doctrine offers useful insights into how nations may choose to assert sovereignty within these domains. C1 [Barcomb, Kris; Krill, Dennis; Mills, Robert; Saville, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kris.Barcomb@us.af.mil; Dennis.Krill@us.af.mil; Robert.Mills@afit.edu; Michael.Saville@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100003 ER PT J AU Bibighaus, D Gibson, D Carlisle, M Merritt, D Boleng, J Maher, J AF Bibighaus, David Gibson, David Carlisle, Martin Merritt, David Boleng, Jeff Maher, James BE Lysenko, V TI Effectively Teaching Cyber Warfare to a Non-Technical Audience SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE education; training; cyberspace; warfare; information AB This paper describes the Air Force Academy's Basic Cyber training program introduced in the summer of 2011. What makes this course unique is that it is specifically designed to provide a motivational hands-on introduction to cyber warfare to rising sophomores of any major. In addition, this course was designed to be taught by student instructors with faculty oversight. It was designed for a 60 contact-hour laboratory format to students who had only a basic understanding of computers. This course was then given to 83 students in 6 offerings from May through July of 2011. We outline the development of this course, including the topics covered and the resources necessary, for accomplishment. We discuss the student leader background, training, and performance in the classroom. We also examine the results of the course by looking at student feedback and their performance in a capstone scenario. Finally, we outline the lessons learned from this first offering and how we intend to improve the course for future offerings. C1 [Bibighaus, David] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM david.bibighaus@usafa.edu; david.gibson@usafa.edu; martin.carlisle@usafa.edu; david.merritt@usafa.edu; jeff.boleng@usafa.edu; james.maher@usafa.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100005 ER PT J AU Lopez, J Nielsen, J Hemmes, J Humphries, J AF Lopez, Juan, Jr. Nielsen, Jason Hemmes, Jeffrey Humphries, Jeffrey BE Lysenko, V TI Using Attack Trees to Assess Security Controls for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE Attack Tree; Security Controls; SCADA; Risk Assessment AB The recent trend to interconnect industrial control systems with a corporate LAN has dramatically expanded the threat of remote cyber attack. Indeed, adversaries are targeting these systems with increasing frequency and sophistication. Cyber defense options for security decision makers are subsequently increasing in variety and complexity. Determining which set of security controls are most effective against cyber attacks is primarily a risk management and resource constraint problem. This research takes an exploratory approach to apply attack tree modeling to assess which group of security controls can potentially mitigate cyber attacks against industrial control systems. The research methodology combined probabilities of adversary success with impact assessments from control system experts. Subsequent data analysis identified 14 of 30 security controls that are strongly associated with mitigating cyber attacks on an ICS. C1 [Lopez, Juan, Jr.; Hemmes, Jeffrey; Humphries, Jeffrey] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Juan.Lopez.ctr@afit.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 166 EP 177 PG 12 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100019 ER PT J AU Bushey, H Lopez, J Butts, J AF Bushey, Henry Lopez, Juan Butts, Jonathan BE Lysenko, V TI Behavioral-Based Method for Detecting SCADA Malware SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE behavioral-based security; assurance; resilience; SCADA security AB Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems control and monitor services for the nation's critical infrastructure. Recent events (e. g., Stuxnet) highlight the increasing threat to these systems. Indeed, attacks vary from denial of service to espionage; however, Stuxnet provides an example of a targeted, covert attack resulting in physical damage. Of particular note is the manner in which Stuxnet exploited the trust relationship between the human machine interface (HMI) and the programmable logic controllers (PLCs). PLCs are critical components of SCADA systems that provide real-time physical control and monitoring of end-devices (e. g., pumps, switches and sensors). Current methods of validating the operational parameters of PLCs primarily consider the message exchange and network communications protocols, generally observed at the HMI. Although sufficient at the macro level, this method does not provide detection of malware embedded in the PLC, as demonstrated by Stuxnet. This work in progress proposes a novel method to analyze the behavior of the input and output parameters of a PLC. Direct analysis of PLC input and output provides the true state of SCADA end-devices. Our research provides a series of inputs to the PLC while monitoring true system outputs. The initial and transition states characterize the baseline behavior of the PLC program. Once the baseline is established, modifications are made to emulate a PLC infected with malware. The enumerated versions of the programs are reevaluated to observe the modified output behavior. The results are then analyzed to identify the presence of malicious code and to determine the degree of modification. The focus of this work is to increase the resilient posture of SCADA systems. By analyzing true system outputs, a model can be derived that identifies malware embedded in PLCs attempting to alter system operations. The results can be extracted to develop resiliency metrics that evaluate how a system is expected to operate in the face of adversity. The research will be expanded to incorporate automated behavioral-based analysis integrated with the PLC. C1 [Bushey, Henry; Lopez, Juan; Butts, Jonathan] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM henry.bushey@afit.edu; jlopez@afit.edu; jonathan.butts@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 392 EP 394 PG 3 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100043 ER PT J AU Larkin, R Lopez, J Butts, J AF Larkin, Robert Lopez, Juan Butts, Jonathan BE Lysenko, V TI Evaluation of Traditional Security Solutions in the SCADA Environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE critical infrastructure protection; SCADA security; host-based IDS AB Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems control and monitor the electric power grid, water treatment facilities, oil and gas pipelines, railways and other critical infrastructures. In recent years, organizations that own and operate these systems have increasingly interconnected them with their enterprise network to take advantage of cost savings and operational benefits. This trend, however, has introduced myriad vulnerabilities associated with the networking environment. As a result, the once isolated systems are now susceptible to a wide range of threats that previously did not exist. To help address the associated risks, security professionals seek to incorporate mitigation solutions designed for traditional networking and information technology (IT) systems. Unfortunately, the operating parameters and security principles associated with traditional IT systems do not readily translate to the SCADA environment; security solutions for IT systems focus primarily on protecting the confidentiality of system and user data. Alternatively, SCADA systems must adhere to strict safety and reliability requirements and rely extensively on system availability. Indeed, mitigation strategies designed for traditional IT systems must be evaluated for the SCADA environment prior to employment to safeguard against adverse operational impacts. This work in progress presents ongoing research that analyzes a traditional host-based intrusion detection system in the SCADA environment. Specifically, we evaluate the Department of Defense (DoD) Host Based Security System (HBSS) employed on a fuels management SCADA system. The preliminary investigation examines whether the increased processing time associated with the HBSS security agent negatively impacts system availability and operations. The research methodology consists of both measurement and simulation evaluations and leverages an operational U.S. Air Force fuels management system and configuration. If findings indicate that the impact to operations is negligible, then the HBSS network defense tool can be employed in the AF fuels management SCADA environment. If successful, HBSS can be extended to other AF and DoD SCADA networks to provide security protections against network-based attacks. C1 [Larkin, Robert; Lopez, Juan; Butts, Jonathan] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.larkin@afit.edu; juan.lopez@afit.edu; jonathan.butts@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100045 ER PT J AU English, TG Simpson, JR Landman, D Parker, PA AF English, Teresa G. Simpson, James R. Landman, Drew Parker, Peter A. TI An Efficient Split-Plot Approach for Modeling Nonlinear Aerodynamic Effects SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; one-factor-at-a-time; micro air vehicle; response surface methods; split-plot design ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; EQUIVALENT-ESTIMATION AB An everyday challenge faced by experimenters across a variety of scientific disciplines is performing well-designed experiments in the presence of characteristics that pose restrictions on complete randomization of the experimental parameters. To mitigate these restrictions on complete randomization, a split-plot experimental design methodology can be employed. The current level of sophistication in split-plot designs is now sufficient to meet the demands of higher-order models in a manner straightforward enough for practitioners. A novel case of a second-order split-plot application was recently implemented in the field of aerodynamic engineering in wind tunnel testing. Wind tunnel environments often pose restrictions on complete randomization of the test runs when aircraft physical configuration changes are required. In addition, aerodynamic empirical models require second-order effects to fit the curvature often observed in response models. Traditionally, wind tunnel testing is performed using a one-factor-at-a-time approach, which prevents capturing factor interactions and quantifying system uncertainty. This article presents a case in which a micro air vehicle (MAV) was tested in the presence of randomization restrictions with expected second-order effects utilizing an efficient design of experiments (DOE) split-plot approach. C1 [English, Teresa G.] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, Eglin, FL USA. [Landman, Drew] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP English, TG (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32536 USA. EM teresa.english@eglin.af.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.710164 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 010VR UT WOS:000309123100008 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR AF Desjardins, Daniel D. Sarma, Kalluri R. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Introduction to Conference 8383B: Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE C1 [Desjardins, Daniel D.] USAF, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400001 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Meyer, F AF Desjardins, Daniel D. Meyer, Frederick BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Military Display Performance Parameters SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The military display market is analyzed in terms of four of its segments: avionics, vetronics, dismounted soldier, and command and control. Requirements are summarized for a number of technology-driving parameters, to include luminance, night vision imaging system compatibility, gray levels, resolution, dimming range, viewing angle, video capability, altitude, temperature, shock and vibration, etc., for direct-view and virtual-view displays in cockpits and crew stations. Technical specifications are discussed for selected programs. C1 [Desjardins, Daniel D.; Meyer, Frederick] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ddesjardins@charter.com; Frederick.meyer@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 838310 DI 10.1117/12.918270 PG 44 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400032 ER PT S AU Geiselman, EE Havig, PR AF Geiselman, Eric E. Havig, Paul R. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Making the case for off-axis ownship attitude symbology ... we may not miss it until it's not there SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HMD; HUD; Symbology; Human Factors; Guidelines; Primary Flight Reference AB There has been significant research completed attempting to optimize the portrayal of ownship attitude information (OAI) via the Helmet-Mounted Display and, there has simultaneously been resistance by the user community regarding the inclusion of OAI. The stated reason is usually because they find it unnecessary. This paper includes a review of both sides of this discussion and attempts to make the case that, similar to the evolution of the Head-Up Display as a primary flight reference, there are likely operational performance and safety-of-flight reasons to justify off-axis OAI within even limited field-of-view applications. C1 [Geiselman, Eric E.; Havig, Paul R.] USAF, Res Lab RHCV 711HPW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geiselman, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RHCV 711HPW, 2255 H St Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.geiselman@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 83830H DI 10.1117/12.919699 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400016 ER PT S AU Havig, PR McIntire, JP Geiselman, E AF Havig, Paul R. McIntire, John P. Geiselman, Eric BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Designing the HMD for Perfection: A Look at the Human Eye-Brain System SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Helmet-Mounted Display; Head-Mounted Display; Eye; Brain AB As we near the ability in microdisplay technology development to surpass the resolution of the human eye, it is worth reviewing this remarkable sensor to better understand where future needs may be. In this paper we review the human eye and then compare current and future trending applications for helmet mounted displays. We aim to show best practices for development of new and innovative displays that work with the human rather than against the human. C1 [Havig, Paul R.; McIntire, John P.; Geiselman, Eric] USAF, Res Lab RHCV 711HPW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RHCV 711HPW, 2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 838307 DI 10.1117/12.920008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400007 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, Peter L. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Systems engineering considerations in body-mounted sensing SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Body-mounted sensing; Optics; Systems engineering; Human-factors engineering AB The desire to augment human performance with additional information and sensing capabilities remains great and is perhaps becoming even more desirable as witnessed by the recent initiation of a few large technology development programs. Considerable advances have been made recently on focal planes that could possibly be used in body-mounted sensing. Advances in optical technology yielded the potential for lighter and smaller objective and eyepiece lenses. However, the systems engineering implications of these new focal planes, optics, displays, and performance augmentation technologies have not been adequately considered. This paper will examine engineering trades in body-mounted sensing. Issues such as sensor resolution, the use of color, body supported loads, power, processing and computational power, along with offensive and defensive capabilities will be considered. A case for the replacement of traditional, piece-wise system development with integrated body-mounted system development will also be presented. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 838309 DI 10.1117/12.919670 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400009 ER PT S AU McIntire, JP Havig, PR Geiselman, EE AF McIntire, John P. Havig, Paul R. Geiselman, Eric E. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI What is 3D Good For? A Review of Human Performance on Stereoscopic 3D Displays SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE stereopsis; three-dimensional display; human factors; depth perception; binocular vision ID BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES; HEAD-SLAVED CAMERA; OPERATOR PERFORMANCE; 2 EYES; 3-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAYS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; VISUAL-SEARCH; 3-D DISPLAYS; VISION; STEREOPSIS AB This work reviews the human factors-related literature on the task performance implications of stereoscopic 3D displays, in order to point out the specific performance benefits (or lack thereof) one might reasonably expect to observe when utilizing these displays. What exactly is 3D good for? Relative to traditional 2D displays, stereoscopic displays have been shown to enhance performance on a variety of depth-related tasks. These tasks include judging absolute and relative distances, finding and identifying objects (by breaking camouflage and eliciting perceptual "pop-out"), performing spatial manipulations of objects (object positioning, orienting, and tracking), and navigating. More cognitively, stereoscopic displays can improve the spatial understanding of 3D scenes or objects, improve memory/recall of scenes or objects, and improve learning of spatial relationships and environments. However, for tasks that are relatively simple, that do not strictly require depth information for good performance, where other strong cues to depth can be utilized, or for depth tasks that lie outside the effective viewing volume of the display, the purported performance benefits of 3D may be small or altogether absent. Stereoscopic 3D displays come with a host of unique human factors problems including the simulator-sickness-type symptoms of eyestrain, headache, fatigue, disorientation, nausea, and malaise, which appear to effect large numbers of viewers (perhaps as many as 25% to 50% of the general population). Thus, 3D technology should be wielded delicately and applied carefully; and perhaps used only as is necessary to ensure good performance. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Geiselman, Eric E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV, Dayton, OH USA. EM john.mcintire@wpafb.af.mil NR 102 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 83830X DI 10.1117/12.920017 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400029 ER PT S AU Renner, AP AF Renner, Adam P. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Critical Testing for Helmet Mounted Displays: A Tracking System Accuracy Test for the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Helmet Mounted Display; Head Mounted Display; HMD; magnetic tracking AB Helmet mounted displays have not been supported with adequate methods and materials to validate and verify the performance of the underlying tracking systems when tested in a simulated or operational environment. Like most electronic systems on aircraft, HMDs evolve over the lifecycle of the system due to requirements changes or diminishing manufacturing sources. Hardware and software bugs are often introduced as the design evolves and it is necessary to revalidate a systems performance attributes over the course of these design changes. An on-aircraft test has been developed and refined to address this testing gap for the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) on F-16 aircraft. This test can be readily ported to other aircraft systems which employ the JHMCS, and has already been ported to the F-18. Additionally, this test method could provide an added value in the testing of any HMD that requires accurate cueing, whether used on fixed or rotary wing aircraft. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Renner, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 838306 DI 10.1117/12.918158 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400006 ER PT S AU Trew, N Linn, A Nelson, Z Burnett, G Sedillo, M AF Trew, Noel Linn, Aaron Nelson, Zac Burnett, Greg Sedillo, Mike BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Ergonomic design considerations for an optical data link between a warfighter's head and body-worn technologies SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Head Mounted Display; Wireless Personal Area Network; Free Space Optical Link; Helmet; Military AB Today, warfighters are burdened by a web of cables linking technologies that span the head and torso regions of the body. These cables help to provide interoperability between helmet-worn peripherals such as head mounted displays (HMDs), cameras, and communication equipment with chest-worn computers and radios. Although promoting enhanced capabilities, this cabling also poses snag hazards and makes it difficult for the warfighter to extricate himself from his kit when necessary. A newly developed wireless personal area network (WPAN), one that uses optical transceivers, may prove to be an acceptable alternative to traditional cabling. Researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory's 711th Human Performance Wing are exploring how best to mount the WPAN transceivers to the body in order to facilitate unimpeded data transfer while also maintaining the operator's natural range of motion. This report describes the two-step research process used to identify the performance limitations and usability of a body-worn optical wireless system. Firstly, researchers characterized the field of view for the current generation of optical WPAN transceivers. Then, this field of view was compared with anthropometric data describing the range of motion of the cervical vertebrae to see if the data link would be lost at the extremes of an operator's head movement. Finally, this report includes an additional discussion of other possible military applications for an optical WPAN. C1 [Trew, Noel; Burnett, Greg; Sedillo, Mike] AFRL, RHCB, HPW 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trew, N (reprint author), AFRL, RHCB, HPW 711, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 838308 DI 10.1117/12.920486 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400008 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA Eismann, MT AF LeMaster, Daniel A. Eismann, Michael T. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Impact of atmospheric aerosols on long range image quality SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE aerosol scattering; modulation transfer function; image quality ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; RESOLUTION AB Image quality in high altitude long range imaging systems can be severely limited by atmospheric absorption, scattering, and turbulence. Atmospheric aerosols contribute to this problem by scattering target signal out of the optical path and by scattering in unwanted light from the surroundings. Target signal scattering may also lead to image blurring though, in conventional modeling, this effect is ignored. The validity of this choice is tested in this paper by developing an aerosol modulation transfer function (MTF) model for an inhomogeneous atmosphere and then applying it to real-world scenarios using MODTRAN derived scattering parameters. The resulting calculations show that aerosol blurring can be effectively ignored. C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.; Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.lemaster@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83550F DI 10.1117/12.918286 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000011 ER PT J AU Belu, RR Jumper, G AF Belu, Radian-Radu Jumper, George GP IEEE TI Comparison of the Refractive Index Structure Constant Prediction using Radiosonde Data to In-situ Thermosonde Measurements SO 2012 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (COMM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Communications (COMM) CY JUN 21-23, 2012 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP Mil Tech Acad, Politehnica Univ Bucharest, IEEE Romania Sect, Romanian Acad Tech Sci, Orange, MRV, Romkatel, Analizoare, MarcTel, Interactive Syst & Business Consulting, RSS, Rohde & Schwarz, CSR, Astro, Beia, IEEE DE Radiosonde; thermosonde; refractive index; turbulence; scintillation; models ID OUTER SCALE; TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; PROFILES AB Inter-comparisons between in-situ thermosonde measurements of atmospheric scintillations and the estimates of the models based on the radiosonde data are presented here. The thermosondes, which provide in situ measurement of optical turbulence by measuring temperature variance, give very high spatio-temporal resolution of the refractive index structure constant profiles C-n(2) (z) at about 7.5 m vertical height resolution. Only a few studies have been conducted to compare the scintillation estimates based on the radiosonde data and in-situ measurements using an accurate thermosonde system. C1 [Belu, Radian-Radu] Drexel Univ, Sch Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jumper, George] Renewable Energy Ctr, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Jumper, George] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Belu, RR (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Sch Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Radian.Belu@drexel.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2573-8 PY 2012 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBP40 UT WOS:000307808200033 ER PT J AU Kwessi, E Alfonso, P De Souza, G Abebe, A AF Kwessi, Eddy Alfonso, Paul De Souza, Geraldo Abebe, Asheber TI A Note on Multiplication and Composition Operators in Lorentz Spaces SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTION SPACES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB we revisit the Lorentz spaces L(p, q) for p > 1, q > 0 defined by G. G. Lorentz in the nineteen fifties and we show how the atomic decomposition of the spaces L (p, 1) obtained by De Souza in 2010 can be used to characterize the multiplication and composition operators on these spaces. These characterizations, though obtained from a completely different perspective, confirm the various results obtained by S. C. Arora, G. Datt and S. Verma in different variants of the Lorentz Spaces. C1 [De Souza, Geraldo; Abebe, Asheber] Auburn Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kwessi, Eddy] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Alfonso, Paul] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP De Souza, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 221 Parker Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM desougs@auburn.edu RI Abebe, Ash/C-3681-2014 OI Abebe, Ash/0000-0001-5759-2383 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-8997 J9 J FUNCT SPACE APPL JI J. Funct. Space Appl. PY 2012 AR 293613 DI 10.1155/2012/293613 PG 10 GA 997NP UT WOS:000308173200001 ER PT B AU Reid, P AF Reid, Patrice BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Generational diversity Removing barriers to building bridges SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FEEDBACK-SEEKING C1 [Reid, Patrice] Patrick AFB, DEOMI, Melbourne, FL USA. [Reid, Patrice] Def Language Off DLO, Arlington, VA USA. [Reid, Patrice] US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. RP Reid, P (reprint author), Patrick AFB, DEOMI, Melbourne, FL USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 174 EP 187 PG 14 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000011 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Roy, AK Dudis, DS Lee, J Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Dudis, Douglas S. Lee, Jonghoon Farmer, Barry L. TI A novel nano-configuration for thermoelectrics: helicity induced thermal conductivity reduction in nanowires SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; NANOSPRINGS; SIMULATION; TEMPLATES; NANOBELTS; COILING; SYSTEMS; FIGURE AB In this article, we propose a novel helical nano-configuration towards the designing of high ZT thermoelectric materials. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations for 'model' bi-component nanowires indicate that a significant reduction in thermal conductivity, similar to that of flat superlattice nanostructures, can be achieved using a helical geometric configuration. The reduction is attributed to a plethora of transmissive and reflective phonon scattering events resulting from the steady alteration of phonon propagating direction that emerges from the continuous rotation of the helical interface. We also show that increasing the relative mass ratio of the two components lowers the phonon energy transmission at the interface due to differences in vibrational frequency spectra, thereby relatively 'easing' the phonon energy propagation along the helical pathway. While the proposed mechanisms result in a reduced lattice thermal conductivity, the continuous nature of the bi-component nanowire would not be expected to significantly reduce its electrical counterpart, as often occurs in superlattice/alloy nanostructures. Hence, we postulate that the helical configuration of atomic arrangement provides an attractive and general framework for improved thermoelectric material assemblies independent of the specific chemical composition. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Dudis, Douglas S.; Lee, Jonghoon] USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [3002ER9P] FX The authors are very grateful to US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for the financial support (Lab Task# 3002ER9P, Dr Byung-Lip Lee, Program Manager) and Department of Defense Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC) for computational time to carry out the simulations. The authors also thank Dr Sergei Shenogin for his insightful discussions during the course of this study. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 16 BP 5009 EP 5016 DI 10.1039/c2nr30602f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 979XC UT WOS:000306855500024 PM 22767206 ER PT S AU Cherry, MR Sathish, S Welter, J Reibel, R Blodgett, MP AF Cherry, M. R. Sathish, S. Welter, J. Reibel, R. Blodgett, M. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH RESOLUTION EDDY CURRENT IMAGING USING AN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SENSOR SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Resolution; Eddy Current; Mechanical; Permanent Magnet ID CURRENT MICROSCOPY; MAGNETOMETER; CORROSION AB Typical eddy current probes are based on measuring the impedance change of a coil excited by an AC current when the coil is placed above a conductive sample. These types of probes are limited in spatial resolution to the dimensions of the coil, and coil diameter is limited by operating frequency. Because of this, the highest resolution available with these probes is on the order of 100 um. While detecting the impedance change of the probe has limited special resolution, various methods of detecting the change in magnetic field in and around the coil have been shown to improve the resolution of a standard coil. These methods have improved the resolution in eddy current imaging to 25 nm. To date, the resolutions achievable by modern eddy current technology have failed to encompass the 100nm - 100 um range, which would be ideal for microstructure characterization of conductive materials. In this paper, a new probe, called the electro-mechanical eddy current sensor (EMECS), is presented that is based on the electromechanical design to fill this resolution gap. The new probe is designed and developed with a sharpened magnetic tip attached to the membrane of an electret microphone. The magnet is actuated by an external coil with a low current AC voltage. The motion of the magnet produces eddy currents in a conductive sample, which then result in a damping force on the magnet. The results of the experimental measurements demonstrate that this probe has spatial resolution that is much higher compared with the measurements using the external excitation coil only. The role of competing eddy currents produced by the motion of the magnet and the excitation coil in the material are examined with numerical analysis and the effects of the eddy currents from the excitation coil are shown to be negligible. A governing equation for the probe is presented that treats the magnet as a magnetic dipole and uses the eddy current forces as a damping term in the equation of motion for the membrane. The equation is solved with finite differences and the resolution is indeed shown to be on the order of the tip diameter. C1 [Cherry, M. R.; Sathish, S.; Reibel, R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cherry, MR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; john.welter@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1063/1.4716246 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600036 ER PT S AU Mooers, RD Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Mooers, R. D. Knopp, J. S. Blodgett, M. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI MODEL BASED STUDIES OF THE SPLIT D DIFFERENTIAL EDDY CURRENT PROBE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Split D; Differential; Reflection Differential; Eddy Current; VIC 3D (c); ECSIM ID VALIDATION; INSPECTION; COIL AB This paper presents preliminary modeling work of split D differential probes, in both regular differential and reflection modes. This work is a prelude for a more in-depth model validation study using split D type probes. A modeling comparison is made for both air and ferrite cores. Lastly, numerical and experimental results are compared. C1 [Mooers, R. D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Knopp, J. S.; Blodgett, M. P.] Air Force Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mooers, RD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ryan.mooers.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1063/1.4716252 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600042 ER PT S AU Hillmann, S Heuer, H Calzada, JG Cooney, AT Foos, BC Meyendorf, N AF Hillmann, Susanne Heuer, Henning Calzada, Juan G. Cooney, Adam T. Foos, Bryan C. Meyendorf, Norbert BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI VALIDATION OF POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS OF A HIGH-FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT SYSTEM IN FREQUENCY SWEEP MODE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Eddy Current Techniques; High-Frequency Eddy Current; Layer Characterization AB To characterize very thin conductive layers on a conducting substrate using Eddy Current Techniques, low penetrations depths at high measurement frequencies are required. Equally high measurement frequencies are needed to characterize materials with very low electrical conductivity. For the characterization of the thickness of multi-layer-systems or layer-substrate-systems with very low variations of electrical conductivity, the multi-frequency approach may be a promising solution. To investigate the limitations of such high-frequency Eddy Current systems, experiments are performed using an extensive sample concept. Frequency dependent conductivity profiles that are obtained by conductivity calibration show remarkable results for different sample sets. C1 [Hillmann, Susanne; Heuer, Henning; Meyendorf, Norbert] Fraunhofer IZFP, Dresden Branch, Maria Reiche Str 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. [Calzada, Juan G.; Cooney, Adam T.] AFRL, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hillmann, S (reprint author), Fraunhofer IZFP, Dresden Branch, Maria Reiche Str 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. EM susanne.hillmann@izfp-d.fraunhofer.de RI Heuer, Henning/B-2817-2009 OI Heuer, Henning/0000-0002-9380-7043 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1063/1.4716260 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600050 ER PT S AU Hillmann, S Heuer, H Calzada, JG Cooney, AT Foos, BC Meyendorf, N AF Hillmann, Susanne Heuer, Henning Calzada, Juan G. Cooney, Adam T. Foos, Bryan C. Meyendorf, Norbert BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF WET CONDUCTIVE COATINGS USING EDDY CURRENT TECHNIQUES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Eddy Current Techniques; Coating Thickness; Wet Coatings AB A solution is required to monitor the spraying and drying process of wet conductive coatings and respective film thickness and conductivity. The method presented is an Eddy Current based solution that could enable a fast and precise characterization of the conductive coating thickness during the drying process of the wet coatings when the conductivity is marginal and highly variable. One challenge of this application is the shifting of apparent conductivity of the coatings during the drying process resulting in property variations due to changes in the coating morphology, thickness and volume. A further challenge is the application of Eddy Current sensors to wet surfaces without contacting the wet film, therefore requiring constant lift-off to avoid contaminating the coil sensor. C1 [Hillmann, Susanne; Heuer, Henning; Meyendorf, Norbert] Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden, Maria Reiche Str 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. [Calzada, Juan G.; Cooney, Adam T.; Foos, Bryan C.] AFRL, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hillmann, S (reprint author), Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden, Maria Reiche Str 2, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. EM susanne.hillmann@izfp-d.fraunhofer.de RI Heuer, Henning/B-2817-2009 OI Heuer, Henning/0000-0002-9380-7043 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1063/1.4716261 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600051 ER PT S AU Chen, MY Ko, RT AF Chen, M. Y. Ko, R. T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONDESTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT OF PORE SIZE IN FOAM-BASED HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Ultrasound; Pore; Foam; Composites ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; POROUS MATERIALS; FREQUENCY RANGE; ELASTIC WAVES AB In-situ non-destructive evaluation (NDE) during processing of high temperature polymer based hybrids offers great potential to gain close control and achieve the desired level of pore size, with low overall development cost. During the polymer curing cycle, close control over the evolution of volatiles would be beneficial to avoid the presence of pores or at least control their sizes. Traditional NDE methods cannot realistically be expected to evaluate individual pores in such components, as each pore evolves and grows during curing. However, NDE techniques offer the potential to detect and quantify the macroscopic response of many pores that are undesirable or intentionally introduced into these advanced materials. In this paper, preliminary results will be presented for nondestructive assessment of pore size in foam-based hybrid composite materials using ultrasonic techniques. Pore size was evaluated through the frequency content of the ultrasonic signal. The effects of pore size on the attenuation of ultrasound were studied. Feasibility of this method was demonstrated on two types of foams with various pore sizes. C1 [Chen, M. Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ko, R. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ray.ko@udri.udayton.edu FU AFRL/RXBC branch in USAF AFMC FX Support of this work is made possible through the AFRL/RXBC branch in USAF AFMC. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1064 EP 1071 DI 10.1063/1.4716339 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600129 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Soni, S AF Blackshire, James L. Soni, Som BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI LAMB WAVE PROPAGATION IN A RESTRICTED GEOMETRY COMPOSITE PI-JOINT SPECIMEN SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Composite Joint; Lamb Waves; Scanning Laser Vibrometry; Finite Element Modeling ID DAMAGE AB The propagation of elastic waves in a material can involve a number of complex physical phenomena, resulting in both subtle and dramatic effects on detected signal content. In recent years, the use of advanced methods for characterizing and imaging elastic wave propagation and scattering processes has increased, where for example the use of scanning laser vibrometry and advanced computational models have been used very effectively to identify propagating modes, scattering phenomena, and damage feature interactions. In the present effort, the propagation of Lamb waves within a narrow, constrained geometry composite pi-joint structure are studied using 3D finite element models and scanning laser vibrometry measurements, where the effects of varying sample thickness, complex joint curvatures, and restricted structure geometries are highlighted, and a direct comparison of computational and experimental results are provided for simulated and realistic geometry composite pi-joint samples. C1 [Blackshire, James L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soni, Som] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Sys & Engn Management AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1299 EP 1306 DI 10.1063/1.4716368 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600158 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Santiago, J Lindgren, EA Buynak, CF Knopp, JS AF Aldrin, John C. Medina, Enrique A. Santiago, Jose Lindgren, Eric A. Buynak, Charles F. Knopp, Jeremy S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI DEMONSTRATION STUDY FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SHM SYSTEMS INCORPORATING MODEL-ASSISTED PROBABILITY OF DETECTION APPROACH SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Model-Assisted POD Evaluation; Probability of Detection (POD); Reliability; Structural Health Monitoring AB This paper presents the results of a demonstration featuring the application of a validation protocol to a vibration-based structural damage sensing system. The results of the full validation study highlight the general protocol feasibility, emphasize the importance of evaluating key application characteristics prior to the POD study, and demonstrate an approach to quantify varying sensor durability on the POD performance. Challenges remain to properly address long time-scale effects with accelerated testing and large testing requirements due to the independence of the inspection of each flaw location. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Lindgren, Eric A.; Buynak, Charles F.; Knopp, Jeremy S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Medina, Enrique A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; eric.lindgren@wpafb.af.mil FU NDE Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory with Radiance Technologies, Inc [FA8650-09-C-5204] FX This work was supported by the NDE Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, through contract FA8650-09-C-5204 with Radiance Technologies, Inc. The authors would like to thank Victor Balch, Hank Rinehart, and Wes Tharp of Radiance Technologies for administrative support and for assistance with design and manufacturing of the test article and fixture. We gratefully acknowledge the logistics support of AFRL/RXSS, the University of Dayton Research Institute, and the National Institute of Aviation Research at Wichita State University NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.1063/1.4716398 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600188 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Lee, CW Storage, T Chen, MY AF Ko, R. T. Lee, C. W. Storage, T. Chen, M. Y. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS OF POLYIMIDE MATERIALS DURING HEATING SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Ultrasound; Polyimide; Bubble; Transition Point ID CURE; FABRICATION; COMPOSITES AB Innovative ultrasonic delay lines are being applied on polyimide neat resin for the detection of bubble formation during heating. These delay lines have certain advantageous characteristics that can enhance the detection of bubbles during the heating process of materials over the conventional curing sensors. A transition point in ultrasonic velocity during heating, which signifies the formation of bubbles, has been experimentally verified in water first and then in polyimide neat resin. C1 [Ko, R. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Storage, T.; Chen, M. Y.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, C. W.] Univ Dayton, Chem & Materials Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Ray.ko@udri.udayton.edu FU University of Dayton Research Institute; the Air Force Research Laboratories in the RXBC Branch; [FA8650-05-D-5052.] FX This work was performed both on-campus at the University of Dayton Research Institute and on-site at the Air Force Research Laboratories in the RXBC Branch under Air Force contract #FA8650-05-D-5052. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1699 EP 1706 DI 10.1063/1.4716417 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600207 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Knopp, JS Lindgren, EA Cherry, MR AF Aldrin, John C. Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Knopp, Jeremy S. Lindgren, Eric A. Cherry, Matthew R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI DEMONSTRATION OF MODEL-ASSISTED PROBABILITY OF DETECTION EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR EDDY CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Eddy Current NDE; Modeling; Probability of Detection; Uncertainty Propagation AB A model-assisted POD (MAPOD) evaluation approach is explored for the eddy current inspection of fatigue cracks in titanium. Experimental results are presented comparing crack and EDM notch responses and different eddy current measurement systems. The MAPOD evaluation process is performed using a simulated case study, highlighting the benefit of leveraging better models to mitigate variation in the model fit and minimize test sample requirements. The benefit of validating NDE techniques that use inverse methods to estimate uncontrolled measurement conditions is also studied. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Lindgren, Eric A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technologies LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Cherry, Matthew R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; has@sabbagh.com; ehs@sabbagh.com; eric.lindgren@wpafb.af.mil; matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this study by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1733 EP 1740 DI 10.1063/1.4716421 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600211 ER PT S AU Cherry, MR Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Cherry, M. R. Knopp, J. S. Blodgett, M. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PROBABILISTIC COLLOCATION METHOD FOR NDE PROBLEMS WITH UNCERTAIN PARAMETERS WITH ARBITRARY DISTRIBUTIONS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Eddy Current; Uncertainty; Stochastic ID CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AB In order to quantify the reliability of NDE systems, large numbers of experiments are performed to develop a probability of detection (POD) curve for the system. These POD studies require a substantial amount of experimentation which can sometimes be cost prohibitive. To expedite the process of developing these curves, highly precise numerical models are used in conjunction with NDE sensors to understand the uncertainties associated with the inspections. Numerical models are also used in stochastic inversion methods such as Bayesian inversion, which provide a means of characterizing system properties with uncertainties. A strong basis has been developed in the modeling and simulation community for deterministic forward models in NDE, but to fully incorporate these models in model-assisted probability of detection (MAPOD) studies or stochastic inversion schemes, the models must be treated in a stochastic sense. A method of taking random inputs to a "black box" forward model and developing the full probability distribution function (PDF) of the response has been proposed. This method, called the probabilistic collocation method (PCM), takes random inputs to a forward model and uses orthogonal polynomials to construct a surrogate model in the area of the expected values of the inputs which is solved much quicker than the original forward model. In the NDE community, this method has only been used with inputs of known, named distributions. In this work, inputs of arbitrary distribution were used and the orthogonal polynomials for these inputs were developed with a recursion relationship that has been shown to produce orthogonal polynomials with respect to a given, continuous function. A concise code was written to make testing the method and incorporating it into MAPOD studies and inversion schemes relatively easy. The routine was tested with academic problems as well as eddy current problems. C1 [Cherry, M. R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Knopp, J. S.; Blodgett, M. P.] WPAFB, AFRL, Metals Ceram & NDE Div, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cherry, MR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1741 EP 1748 DI 10.1063/1.4716422 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600212 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Kuang, ZF Farmer, BL Kim, SS Naik, RR AF Pandey, R. B. Kuang, Zhifeng Farmer, B. L. Kim, Steve S. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Stability of peptide (P1 and P2) binding to a graphene sheet via an all-atom to all-residue coarse-grained approach SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FORCE-FIELD; SURFACES; POTENTIALS; MODEL; PALLADIUM; PROTEINS; GOLD AB Peptide binding to a graphene sheet is studied by a coarse-grained approach. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) is used to assess the adsorption energy (e. g. binding) of each amino acid with graphene. The relative adsorption energy of each residue is normalized to describe its coarse-grained interactions with graphene which is used as an input to a phenomenological interaction in an all-residue coarse-grained (ARCG) representation of the peptide chain. Large scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to study the stability of peptides (P1: H-1-S-2-S-3-Y-4-W-5-Y-6-(7)A-F-8-N-9-N-10-K-11-T-12 and P2: E-1-P-2-L-3-(4)Q-L-5-K-6-M-7) binding to a graphene sheet as a function of temperature. A number of local and global physical quantities are analyzed including mobility and substrate-in-contact profiles of each residue, density profiles, root mean square displacement of the center of mass of each peptide and its radius of gyration. We find that P1 has a higher probability of binding to a graphene sheet than P2 supported by both local and global physical quantities. All residues of P1 can bind to the graphene sheet at low temperatures; however, three residues Y-4-W-5-Y-6 seem to anchor it most strongly at higher temperatures, which is consistent with an all-atom MD simulation. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Kuang, Zhifeng; Farmer, B. L.; Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Diana Lovejoy for careful reading of the manuscript and corrections and referees for constructive criticism. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 10 U2 68 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 35 BP 9101 EP 9109 DI 10.1039/c2sm25870f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 989YD UT WOS:000307596400009 ER PT J AU Parasuraman, R Baldwin, CL Knott, B Warm, JS Finomore, V Boehm-Davis, D Galster, SM AF Parasuraman, Raja Baldwin, Carryl L. Knott, Benjamin Warm, Joel S. Finomore, Victor Boehm-Davis, Deborah Galster, Scott M. TI Symposium: Neuroergonomics, technology, and cognition SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Neuroergonomics; technology; cognition ID CONSTRAINTS; PERFORMANCE; WORK AB This symposium describes collaborative research on neuroergonomics, technology, and cognition being conducted at George Mason University and the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) as part of the Center of Excellence in Neuroergonomics, Technology, and Cognition (CENTEC). Six presentations describe the latest developments in neuroergonomics research conducted by CENTEC scientists. The individual papers cover studies of: (1) adaptive learning systems; (2) neurobehavioral synchronicity during team performance; (3) genetics and individual differences in decision making; (4) vigilance and mindlessness; (5) interruptions and multi-tasking; and (6) development of a simulation capability that integrates measures across these domains and levels of analysis. C1 [Parasuraman, Raja; Baldwin, Carryl L.; Boehm-Davis, Deborah] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Knott, Benjamin; Warm, Joel S.; Finomore, Victor; Galster, Scott M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parasuraman, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rparasur@gmu.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 EI 1875-9270 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2012 VL 41 SU 1 BP 5167 EP 5171 DI 10.3233/WOR-2012-0094-5167 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 973LO UT WOS:000306361805051 PM 22317520 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. TI OPTIMAL FRAMES AND NEWTON'S METHOD SO NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Bistatic; Doppler; Frames; Multistatic; Newton's method ID TRACKING; LOCALIZATION AB Given a parametrized family of finite frames, we consider the optimization problem of finding the member of this family whose coefficient space most closely contains a given data vector. This nonlinear least squares problem arises naturally in the context of a certain type of radar system. We derive analytic expressions for the first and second partial derivatives of the objective function in question, permitting this optimization problem to be efficiently solved using Newton's method. We also consider how sensitive the location of this minimizer is to noise in the data vector. We further provide conditions under which one should expect the minimizer of this objective function to be unique. We conclude by discussing a related variational-calculus-based approach for solving this frame optimization problem over an interval of time. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NSF [DMS 1042701, CCF 1017278]; AFOSR [F1ATA01103J001, F1ATA00183G003]; A.B. Krongard Fellowship FX We thank Laura Suzuki, William Sturgis and the anonymous reviewer for their enlightening comments and suggestions. This work was supported by NSF DMS 1042701, NSF CCF 1017278, AFOSR F1ATA01103J001, AFOSR F1ATA00183G003 and the A.B. Krongard Fellowship. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-0563 J9 NUMER FUNC ANAL OPT JI Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 971 EP 988 DI 10.1080/01630563.2012.682130 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 982YD UT WOS:000307080400012 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, M Singh, A Gopal, P Nag, S Viswanathan, GB Tiley, J Banerjee, R Du, J AF Chaudhari, M. Singh, A. Gopal, P. Nag, S. Viswanathan, G. B. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. Du, J. TI Site occupancy of chromium in the gamma '-Ni3Al phase of nickel-based superalloys: a combined 3D atom probe and first-principles study SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE superalloys; defects; density-functional theory; atom probe; high-resolution imaging ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; POINT-DEFECTS; NI3AL; PREFERENCE; ELEMENTS AB Transition-metal dopants play a critical role in the high-temperature mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of nickel-based superalloys. In this article, the site occupancy behavior of chromium in gamma'-Ni3Al has been investigated by combining three-dimensional (3D) atom probe and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterizations with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The 3D atom probe data show a clear preference of chromium on the aluminum sublattice over the nickel sublattice in Rene88 super alloys. First-principles DFT total-energy calculations were performed to understand the site occupancy of chromium in the L1(2) structured gamma-Ni3Al. The obtained chromium site preference energies have been compared using the anti-site and vacancy-based substitution formation mechanism, as well as using the standard defect formation formalism. It was found that chromium prefers aluminum site, consistent with the 3D atom probe result. In addition, interaction energies between two chromium atoms have also been determined from first-principles calculations. Our results show that chromium atoms prefer to be close by on either nickel or aluminum sublattices or on a nickel-aluminum mixed lattice, suggesting a potential tendency of chromium segregation in the gamma' phase. C1 [Chaudhari, M.; Singh, A.; Gopal, P.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.; Du, J.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Chaudhari, M.; Singh, A.; Gopal, P.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.; Du, J.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45309 USA. RP Du, J (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Jincheng.du@unt.edu FU AFRL ISES program FX We acknowledge the financial support from the AFRL ISES program. We want to thank Dr. Mike Baskes for helpful discussions. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 9 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1080/09500839.2012.690904 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 981OJ UT WOS:000306977400010 ER PT S AU Gorham, BD Zelnio, EG Gorham, LA Garber, FD AF Gorham, Brandy D. Zelnio, Edmund G. Gorham, LeRoy A. Garber, Frederick D. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI A Synopsis of Challenge Problems SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; Challenge Problems; Reconstruction; Detection; Tracking; Recognition AB This document defines the three pieces of the challenge hierarchy: a challenge area, a data set, and a challenge problem. The purpose of a challenge problem is to address a technical research and development area of interest while promoting quantitative comparison between approaches. This paper brings together nine challenge problem papers written for SAR exploitation and describes them in terms of the challenge hierarchy. C1 [Gorham, Brandy D.; Zelnio, Edmund G.; Gorham, LeRoy A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorham, BD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brandy.gorham@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9072-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8394 AR 83940L DI 10.1117/12.925073 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBE03 UT WOS:000306605500017 ER PT S AU Gorham, LA Rigling, BD AF Gorham, LeRoy A. Rigling, Brian D. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Dual Format Algorithm implementation with Gotcha Data SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; image formation ID SAR AB The Dual Format Algorithm (DFA) is an alternative to the Polar Format Algorithm (PFA) where the image is formed first to an arbitrary grid instead of a Cartesian grid. The arbitrary grid is specifically chosen to allow for more efficient application of defocus and distortion corrections that occur due to range curvature. We provide a description of the arbitrary image grid and show that the quadratic phase errors are isolated along a single dimension of the image. We describe an application of the DFA to circular SAR data and analyze the image focus. For an example SAR dataset, the DFA doubles the focused image size of the PFA algorithm with post imaging corrections. C1 [Gorham, LeRoy A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorham, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leroy.gorham@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9072-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8394 AR 839403 DI 10.1117/12.925065 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBE03 UT WOS:000306605500002 ER PT S AU Nolan, AR Goley, GS Bakich, M AF Nolan, Adam R. Goley, G. Steven Bakich, Michael BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Performance Estimation of SAR imagery using NIIRS techniques SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; NIIRS; GIQE; Pursuer; Information Theoretic ID QUALITY EQUATION; DISCRIMINATION; PROBABILITIES; RECOGNITION AB In this paper we present an overview of the National Image Interprability Rating Scale (NIIRS) for SAR imagery. We map basic SAR image formation parameters into the NIIRS via an information theoretic framework. Preliminary results obtained from a pilot study are presented for human interpretablity of various SAR images. Extensions to this work which include sensor exploitation algorithms and integration within the Pursuer environment are outlined. C1 [Nolan, Adam R.; Goley, G. Steven] Etegent Technol Ltd, 1775 Mentor Ave,Suite 302, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Bakich, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nolan, AR (reprint author), Etegent Technol Ltd, 1775 Mentor Ave,Suite 302, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. EM adam.nolan@etegent.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9072-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8394 AR 83940S DI 10.1117/12.920849 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBE03 UT WOS:000306605500023 ER PT S AU Allen, TG O'Connor, AC Ternovskiy, I AF Allen, Thomas G. O'Connor, Alan C. Ternovskiy, Igor BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Improved near-Earth object detection using Dynamic Logic SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE asteroid; comet; NEO; Dynamic Logic; track-before-detect; Kalman filter AB Current efforts aimed at detecting and identifying Near Earth Objects (NEOs) that pose potential risks to Earth use moderately sized telescopes combined with image processing algorithms to detect the motion of these objects. The search strategies of such systems involve multiple revisits at given intervals between observations to the same area of the sky so that objects that appear to move between the observations can be identified against the static star field. Dynamic Logic algorithm, derived from Modeling Field Theory, has made significant improvements in detection, tracking, and fusion of ground radar images. As an extension to this, the research in this paper will examine Dynamic Logic's ability to detect NEOs with minimal human-in-the-loop intervention. Although the research in this paper uses asteroids for the automation detection, the ultimate extension to this study is for detecting orbital debris. Many asteroid orbits are well defined, so they will serve as excellent test cases for our new algorithm application. C1 [Allen, Thomas G.; O'Connor, Alan C.; Ternovskiy, Igor] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, TG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Allen2@wpafb.af.mil; Alan.OConnor.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; Igor.Ternovskiy@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 84080L DI 10.1117/12.921223 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900017 ER PT S AU Lin, FC Perlovsky, LI AF Lin, Freeman C. Perlovsky, Leonid I. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Application of Dynamic Logic Algorithm to Analyze AFRL Gotcha Data SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB In this paper, we apply Dynamic Logic algorithm (DL) directly to analyze AFRL Gotcha raw data, which are sampled in terms of chirp frequencies for each pulse. This approach has not been done in the existing literature because previously, there is no visual or conceptual interpretation how to detect ground moving targets directly from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data. Using Gotcha raw data taken from the severe radar clutter environment, we have demonstrated that DL not only maintains its robustness in terms of detecting small ground moving targets but also provides the effectiveness to extract specific features such as shape, size, location (along the range swath), movement direction, and traveling speed for the desired target. C1 [Lin, Freeman C.; Perlovsky, Leonid I.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, FC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM freeman.lin@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 84080O DI 10.1117/12.921646 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900020 ER PT S AU O'Connor, AC AF O'Connor, Alan C. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Multi-agent System for Target-adaptive Radar Tracking SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE cognitive radar; self-aware sensors; sensor management; distributed consensus optimization; trust AB Sensor systems such as distributed sensor networks and radar systems are potentially agile - they have parameters that can be adjusted in real-time to improve the quality of data obtained for state-estimation and decision-making. The integration of such sensors with cyber systems involving many users or agents permits greater flexibility in choosing measurement actions. This paper considers the problem of selecting radar waveforms to minimize uncertainty about the state of a tracked target. Past work gave a tractable method for optimizing the choice of measurements when an accurate dynamical model is available. However, prior knowledge about a system is often not precise, for example, if the target under observation is an adversary. A multiple agent system is proposed to solve the problem in the case of uncertain target dynamics. Each agent has a different target model and the agents compete to explain past data and select the parameters of future measurements. Collaboration or competition between these agents determines which obtains access to the limited physical sensing resources. This interaction produces a self-aware sensor that adapts to changing information requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45443 USA. RP O'Connor, AC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45443 USA. EM alan.o'connor.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 84080N DI 10.1117/12.921143 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900019 ER PT S AU Schubert, H Luke, JA AF Schubert, Heidi Luke, Jahn A. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Towards a trustworthy distributed architecture for complex sensing networks SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE cyber security; trustworthiness; trust index; assurance case; distributed systems; reputation; Data Distribution Service (DDS) AB Fast, efficient distributed computing enables much more capable sensing systems for defense and commercial applications. However, distributed systems face distributed threats. These threats can be countered with a distributed trustworthiness architecture that measures and enforces trust across a network. Currently, there are no designs for distributed trust architectures suitable for complex systems. We present such an architecture, which measures nodes' trustworthiness before they join the network and while they are operational. In order to facilitate the computation and enforcement of trust, a distributed sensing network has to integrate a new type of component. We define the trust agents in terms of capabilities that support trustworthiness measurements. C1 [Schubert, Heidi] Real Time Innovat, 232 E Java Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. [Luke, Jahn A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schubert, H (reprint author), Real Time Innovat, 232 E Java Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. FU United States Air Force [FA8650-11-M-1112] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the United States Air Force under contract FA8650-11-M-1112. The content of this work is the responsibility of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views or practices of the U.S. Government or its agencies. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 84080V DI 10.1117/12.920493 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900023 ER PT J AU Gilbert, KW Mall, S Leedy, KD AF Gilbert, Kevin W. Mall, Shankar Leedy, Kevin D. TI A Nanoindenter Based Investigation of Gold-Ruthenium Alloy Microcontact Behavior under Cyclic Condition SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Micro-contact; nanoindenter; gold-ruthenium; MEMS switch; contact resistance; adhesion force ID MEMS-SWITCHES; CONTACT; RESISTANCE AB A nanoindenter based experimental setup was used to characterize gold-ruthenium (Au5%Ru) microcontact behavior under cycling and hot-switching conditions where a cantilever beam with a contact bump was cycled in and out of physical contact with a flat plate to simulate the action of MEMS ohmic contact switches. Cantilever beam and flat plate were fabricated from silicon, and then sputter coated with 300 nm of Au5%Ru as the contact material. All contacts failed in adhesion with either shorter fatigue life (about 1-2 million cycles) or longer life (about 6 million cycles). The smoother contact surface had shorter fatigue life. The Au5%Ru contact material had longer life and higher resistance than gold. Further, contact resistance was constant during cycling up to failure. Different contact parameters: adhesion force, threshold force, strain hardening/softening and plastic deformation were monitored during cycling. Adhesion force in Au5%Ru microcontact was smaller than in gold. Threshold force was larger in Au5%Ru than in gold. Time-dependent and plastic deformations as well as cyclic softening were observed in Au5%Ru. Thus, elastic-viscoplastic material model(s) with strain softening capability are needed for the analysis of Au5%Ru microcontact behavior. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012 C1 [Mall, Shankar] USAF, AFIT ENY, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, AFIT ENY, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 8-9 BP 1181 EP 1199 DI 10.1163/156856111X593531 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 978LR UT WOS:000306743000011 ER PT S AU Vaia, RA AF Vaia, Richard A. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Nanomaterials and Future Aerospace Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Nanomaterials; Nanoscience; Nanotechnology AB Two decades of extensive investment in nanomaterials, nanofabrication and nanometrology have provided the global engineering community a vast array of new technologies. These technologies not only promise radical change to traditional industries, such as transportation, information and aerospace, but may create whole new industries, such as personalized medicine and personalized energy harvesting and storage. The challenge today for the defense aerospace community is determining how to accelerate the conversion of these technical opportunities into concrete benefits with quantifiable impact, in conjunction with identifying the most important outstanding scientific questions that are limiting their utilization. For example, nanomaterial fabrication delivers substantial tailorablity beyond a traditional material data sheet. How can we integrate this tailorability into agile manufacturing and design methods to further optimize the performance, cost and durability of future resilient aerospace systems? The intersection of nano-based metamaterials and nanostructured devices with biotechnology epitomizes the technological promise of autonomous systems and enhanced human-machine interfaces. What then are the key materials and processes challenges that are inhibiting current lab-scale innovation from being integrated into functioning systems to increase effectiveness and productivity of our human resources? Where innovation is global, accelerating the use of breakthroughs, both for commercial and defense, is essential. Exploitation of these opportunities and finding solutions to the associated challenges for defense aerospace will rely on highly effective partnerships between commercial development, scientific innovation, systems engineering, design and manufacturing. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 837324 DI 10.1117/12.918883 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400061 ER PT J AU Langley, D Coutu, RA Collins, PJ AF Langley, Derrick Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Collins, Peter J. TI Using Inductance as a Tuning Parameter for RF Meta-atoms SO NANO-MICRO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Inductance; Meta-atom; Metamaterial; Split Ring Resonator; Radio Frequency; Resonance AB The resonant frequency of metamaterials structured with split ring resonator (SRR) meta-atoms is determined primarily through the capacitance and inductance of the individual meta-atoms. Two designs that vary inductance incrementally were modeled, simulated, fabricated, and tested to investigate the role inductance plays in metamaterial designs. The designs consisted of strategically adding sections to the SRR to increase the inductance, but in a manner that minimized capacitance variations. Each design showed a shift in resonant frequency that was proportional to the length of the added section. As the length of each section was increased, the resonant frequency shifted from 2.78 GHz to 2.18 GHz. C1 [Langley, Derrick; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langley, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Derrick.Langley@afit.edu; Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPEN ACCESS HOUSE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI FAYETTE PA 2840 N BOXWOOD DR, FAYETTE, AR 72703 USA SN 2150-5551 J9 NANO-MICRO LETT JI Nano-Micro Lett. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.3786/nml.v4i2.p103-109 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 982PS UT WOS:000307058500007 ER PT S AU Meola, J Herweg, JA AF Meola, Joseph Herweg, Jared A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Anomalous and Matched Hyperspectral Change Detection Applications for SHARE Data Collection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; optimization; subspace models AB Various hyperspectral change detection methods exist in the literature. Here prediction-based methods, such as chronochrome and covariance equalization, are reviewed and compared with a more recently developed model-based approach. These methods are typically applied for anomalous change detection. Several methods for extending these algorithms to achieve matched change detection are discussed. The algorithms are then applied to airborne visible to near infrared hyperspectral data collected recently over Rochester, New York. C1 [Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 839016 DI 10.1117/12.917053 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700036 ER PT S AU Rhoby, MR Gross, KC AF Rhoby, Michael R. Gross, Kevin C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Mid-wave IFTS measurements of a laboratory-scale laminar flame SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transform spectrometry; Hencken burner; calibration flame; combustion efficiency ID TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB A passive remote sensing technique for accurately monitoring the combustion efficiency (CE) of petrochemical flares is greatly desired. A Phase II DOE-funded SBIR lead by Spectral Sciences, Inc. is underway to develop such a method. This paper presents an overview of the current progress of the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) contribution to this effort. A Telops Hyper-Cam Mid-wave infrared (MWIR 1800-6667 cm(-1) or 1.5- 5.5 mu m) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS) is used to examine a laminar calibration flame produced by a Hencken burner. Ethylene fuel (C2H4) was burned at four different equivalency ratios Phi = 0.80, 0.91, 1.0 and 1.25. This work focuses on the qualitative spectrally-resolved visualization of a Hencken burner flame and the spatial distribution of combustion by-products. A simple radiative transfer model is then developed and fit to a single-pixel spectrum. The flame spectra were characterized by structured emissions from CO2, H2O and CO. For the Phi = 0.91 flame, the spectrally-estimated temperature was T = 2172 +/- 28 K at a height 10 mm above the burner, a favorable result compared to OH-PLIF measurements (T = 2226 +/- 112 K) made on an identical flame. H2O and CO2 mole fractions across the flame at the same height of 10 mm were measured to be 13.7 +/- 0.6% and 15.5 +/- 0.8%, respectively. C1 [Rhoby, Michael R.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rhoby, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83900E DI 10.1117/12.920651 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700012 ER PT S AU Clark, JB Jacques, DR AF Clark, Jason B. Jacques, David R. BE Dagli, CH TI Practical measurement of complexity in dynamic systems SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Complexity; Complex Adaptive Systems ID THERMODYNAMIC DEPTH AB A difficulty in complexity theory is lack of a clear definition for complexity, particularly one that is measurable. Those approaches that provide measurable definitions for the absolute complexity of a system often impose the requirement of perfect or near-perfect knowledge of system structure. In practice, it is intractable or impossible to measure the complexity of most dynamic systems. However, by measuring behavioral complexity in context with environmental scenarios, it is possible to set bounds on a system's absolute (maximum) complexity and estimate its total complexity. As this paper shows, behavioral complexity can be determined by observing a system's changes in kinetic energy. This research establishes a methodology for measuring complexity in dynamic systems without the requirement of system structure knowledge. This measurement can be used to compare systems, understand system risks, determine failure dynamics, and guide system architecture. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Clark, Jason B.; Jacques, David R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clark, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.008 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000001 ER PT S AU Rose, CW Wirthlin, JR AF Rose, Christopher W. Wirthlin, Joseph R. BE Dagli, CH TI Using M&S to maximize space satellite data collection with multiple ground stations SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE simulation; modeling; ground station architecture AB With the continued operations of FalconSAT-3 well beyond its design life, an opportunity exists to utilize multiple ground stations beyond the original site at the US Air Force Academy (USAFA) to enhance individual training missions at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), United States Military Academy (USMA), and the Undergraduate Space Training (UST) course at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Using multiple ground stations can enhance FalconSAT-3 experiments beyond the original design. However, with multiple ground stations coordination needs to increase. The problem of distributed files becomes an issue, and all files need to be compiled to maximize experiment analysis. A discrete event simulation of the file distribution was calculated to show how the files are spread across the ground stations. The characteristics of each ground station and available crew rates at the respective stations contribute to the overall ability to download (or miss the opportunity to download) files. The simulation shows the capability of each site to download files and which sites' missed opportunities for file download were caused by crew availability. Implications of downloaded files and missed opportunities can affect the design of the distributed network of ground stations to support FalconSAT-3. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Rose, Christopher W.; Wirthlin, Joseph R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wirthlin, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.wirthlin@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.024 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000017 ER PT S AU Schreiner, MW Wirthlin, JR AF Schreiner, Michael W. Wirthlin, Joseph R. BE Dagli, CH TI Challenges using modeling and simulation in architecture development SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE modeling; simulation; architecture development AB A discrete event simulation was developed combining the Optical Tracking Network (TeleTrak) and Satellite Position Attained by RF-Keyed Tracking (SPARK) system into one system to track, image, and identify space objects as they pass through the space fence to increase space situational awareness for the United States Air Force. The objectives for this study are threefold: model a "to-be" architecture for a combined TeleTrak and SPARK system to develop system requirements, determine if an optimal position for the telescope exists to return to while waiting for the next collect, and demonstrate knowledge and understanding of DOE and simulation principles and techniques. The paper explores the uses and pitfalls of modeling and simulation with this case study. While a working model remained elusive, several important observations emerged. Six recommendations are given to help others become more successful in a modeling and simulation environment along with ideas to pursue in additional research. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Schreiner, Michael W.; Wirthlin, Joseph R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wirthlin, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.wirthlin@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.032 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000021 ER PT S AU Clark, JB Jacques, DR AF Clark, Jason B. Jacques, David R. BE Dagli, CH TI Flight test results for UAVs using boid guidance algorithms SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Agents; swarm guidance; multi-vehicle control; boid AB A critical technology for operating groups of Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is distributed guidance. Distributed guidance allows an operator to command several vehicles at the same time, reduces operator workload, and adds redundancy to the system. Some of the leading software candidates for achieving distributed guidance are known as Boid Guidance Algorithms (BGAs), which are agent-based techniques relying on the interactions of simple behaviors. Flight tests are crucial to the advancement of flight technologies such as BGAs, and this was identified as an important area for development. This paper presents the results from the 2005 flight tests of BGAs at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center with two RnR Products' APV-3 UAVs employing CloudCap Technology's Piccolo autopilot system. Major challenges in these flight tests include the use of a waypoint-following system, limited computation resources, and management of safety procedures. The conclusions of this work include the need for using a path-following platform and completion of a full system optimization. This work is an important step in the development of a deployable distributed guidance system. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Clark, Jason B.; Jacques, David R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clark, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.048 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000033 ER PT S AU Pond, T Webster, B Machuca, J Colombi, J Miller, M Gibb, R AF Pond, Travis Webster, Brandon Machuca, John Colombi, John Miller, Michael Gibb, Randall BE Dagli, CH TI Allocation of Communications to Reduce Mental Workload SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Workload; Multiple Resource Theory; multiple autonomous systems; Human computer interface AB As the United States Department of Defense continues to increase the number of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) operations overseas, improved Human Systems Integration becomes increasingly important. Manpower limitations have motivated the investigation of Multiple Aircraft Control (MAC) configurations where a single pilot controls multiple RPAs simultaneously. Previous research has indicated that frequent, unpredictable, and oftentimes overwhelming, volumes of communication events can produce unmanageable levels of system induced workload for MAC pilots. Existing human computer interface design includes both visual information with typed responses, which conflict with numerous other visual tasks the pilot performs, and auditory information that is provided through multiple audio devices with speech response. This paper extends previous discrete event workload models of pilot activities flying multiple aircraft. Specifically, we examine statically reallocating communication modality with the goal to reduce and minimize the overall pilot cognitive workload. The analysis investigates the impact of various communication reallocations on predicted pilot workload, measured by the percent of time workload is over a saturation threshold. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Pond, Travis; Webster, Brandon; Machuca, John; Colombi, John; Miller, Michael; Gibb, Randall] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pond, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM travis.pond@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.052 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000034 ER PT S AU Ryan, E Jacques, D Colombi, J Schubert, C AF Ryan, E. Jacques, D. Colombi, J. Schubert, C. BE Dagli, CH TI A Proposed Methodology to Characterize the Accuracy of Life Cycle Cost Estimates for DoD Programs SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Life Cycle Cost; Operating and Support Cost AB For decades, the DoD has employed numerous reporting and monitoring tools for characterizing the acquisition cost of its major programs. These tools have resulted in dozens of studies thoroughly documenting the magnitude and extent of DoD acquisition cost growth. Curiously, though, there have been extremely few studies regarding the behavior of the other cost component of a system's life cycle: Operating and Support (O&S) costs. This is particularly strange considering that O&S costs tend to dominate the total life cycle cost (LCC) of a program, and that LCCs are widely regarded as the preferred metric for assessing actual program value. The upshot for not examining such costs is that the DoD has little knowledge of how LCC estimates behave over time, and virtually no insights regarding their accuracy. In recent years, however, enough quality LCC data has amassed to conduct a study to address these deficiencies. This paper describes a method for conducting such a study, and represents (to the authors' knowledge) the first broad-based attempt to do so. The results not only promise insights into the nature of current LCC estimates, but also suggest the possibility of improving the accuracy of DoD LCC estimates via a stochastically-based model. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Ryan, E.; Jacques, D.; Colombi, J.; Schubert, C.] USAF, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, E (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erin.ryan@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.073 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000052 ER PT S AU Ariyawansa, G Duran, JM Grupen, M Scheihing, JE Nelson, TR Eismann, MT AF Ariyawansa, Gamini Duran, Joshua M. Grupen, Matt Scheihing, John E. Nelson, Thomas R. Eismann, Michael T. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Multispectral Imaging with Type II Superlattice Detectors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Multispectral; dual-band; infrared detector; superlattice; InAs/GaSb; spectral crosstalk ID BANDGAP OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; GASB SUPER-LATTICES; INFRARED DETECTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INAS; WAVELENGTH; HGCDTE; PHOTODIODES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; SENSORS AB Infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) with multispectral detector elements promise significant advantages for airborne threat warning, surveillance, and targeting applications. At present, the use of type II superlattice (T2SL) structures based on the 6.1 angstrom-family materials (InAs, GaSb, and AlSb) has become an area of interest for developing IR detectors and their FPAs. The ability to vary the bandgap in the IR range, suppression of Auger processes, prospective reduction of Shockley-Read-Hall centers by improved material growth capabilities, and the material stability are a few reasons for the predicted dominance of the T2SL technology over presently leading HgCdTe and quantum well technologies. The focus of the work reported here is on the development of T2SL based dual-band IR detectors and their applicability for multispectral imaging. A new NpBPN detector designed for the detection of IR in the 3-5 and 8-12 mu m atmospheric windows is presented; comparing its advantages over other T2SL based approaches. One of the key challenges of the T2SL dual-band detectors is the spectral crosstalk associated with the LWIR band. The properties of the state-of-the-art T2SLs (i.e., absorption coefficient, minority carrier lifetime and mobility, etc.) and the present growth limitations that impact spectral crosstalk are discussed. C1 [Ariyawansa, Gamini; Duran, Joshua M.; Grupen, Matt; Scheihing, John E.; Nelson, Thomas R.; Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ariyawansa, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gamini.Ariyawansa.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9031-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8353 AR 83530E DI 10.1117/12.917300 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE01 UT WOS:000306604400014 ER PT S AU Cowan, VM Morath, CP Myers, S Plis, E Krishna, S AF Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. Myers, Stephen Plis, Elena Krishna, Sanjay BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Radiation Tolerance of a Dual-Band IR Detector based on a pBp Architecture SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE nBn; SLS; InAs/GaSb; total ionizing dose; TID; superlattice; infrared; proton irradiation ID SUPERLATTICE AB Infrared (IR) detectors operated in the space environment are required to have high performance while being subjected to a variety of radiation effects. Sources of radiation in space include the trapped particles in the Van Allen belts and transient events such as solar events and galactic cosmic rays. Mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based IR detectors are often used in space applications because they have high performance and are generally relatively tolerant of the space environment when passivated with CdTe; often, the readout-integrated circuit is far more susceptible to radiation effects than the detector materials themselves. However, inherent manufacturing issues with the growth of MCT have led to interest in alternative detector technologies including type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) infrared detectors with unipolar barriers. Much less is known about the radiation tolerance properties of these SLS-based detectors compared to MCT. Here, the effects of 63 MeV protons on variable area, single element, dual-band InAs/GaSb SLS detectors in the pBp architecture are considered. When semiconductors devices are irradiated with protons with energies of 63 MeV the protons are capable of displacing atoms within their crystalline lattice. The SLS detectors tested here utilize a pBp architecture, which takes advantage of the higher mobility electrons as the minority photocarrier. These detectors are also dual-band, implying two absorbing regions are present and separated by the unipolar barrier. The absorbers have cutoff wavelengths of roughly 5 and 9 mu m allowing for mid-wave (MWIR) and long-wave (LWIR) infrared detection, respectively. The radiation effects on these detectors are characterized by dark current and quantum efficiency as a function of total ionizing dose (TID) or, equivalently, the incident proton fluence. C1 [Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Myers, Stephen; Plis, Elena; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 FU Infrared Radiation Effects Laboratory at AFRL/RVSS FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr John Hubbs and his team from Infrared Radiation Effects Laboratory at AFRL/RVSS for their guidance and support. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9031-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8353 AR 83530F DI 10.1117/12.925064 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE01 UT WOS:000306604400015 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD AF LeVan, Paul D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Space-based hyperspectral technologies for the thermal infrared SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; infrared; multi-waveband; focal plane array AB Various approaches now exist for obtaining spectral imagery over a broad range of infrared wavelengths. One involves use of a single grating element in two grating orders with dualband focal plane array (FPA) technology - an approach offering high efficiency over both the MWIR & LWIR, and obviating the need for separate focal plane arrays, dispersing elements, and optical beamsplitters. Another approach achieves similar results by exploiting an FPA having broad wavelength response with an innovative grating having useable efficiency extending beyond the single octave limits of traditional gratings. Significant advantages result in either case for space-based hyperspectral imagers, for which a reduction in cryo-cooled mass translates into prodigious savings in overall payload mass, cryo-cooling requirements, and waste heat removal. By contrast, longer term approaches might realize infrared "hyperspectral pixels" in 2-D imaging focal plane arrays. In this case, each pixel would detect different wavelengths of radiation at different depths, and the resulting "spectral photocurrents" would be transported to read-out circuitry through a vertical grid of electrical contacts. Although not yet realized in practice, the conceptual basis for accomplishing this with the widely-available HgCdTe detector material has been described. With regard to employment, space-based thermal hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is characterized by coarser ground resolution as a result of aperture diameter limitations and diffraction considerations at the longer infrared wavelengths. The resulting sub-pixel detections based on spectral signature are often complementary with higher resolution, shorter wavelength, panchromatic imagery. Overlapping fields-of-view between the two sensor types on the dayside of the earth enable simultaneous correlation of infrared spectral signatures with spatially-resolved scene features; data collects on the night-side are limited to the thermal hyperspectral images and would await correlations with high resolution visible imagery at the next daytime opportunity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave NE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9031-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8353 AR 83530G DI 10.1117/12.919715 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE01 UT WOS:000306604400016 ER PT S AU Murray-Krezan, J Crabtree, PN AF Murray-Krezan, Jeremy Crabtree, Peter N. BE Braun, JJ TI Effects of Aberrations on Image Reconstruction of Data from Hybrid Intensity Interferometers SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Phase retrieval; hybrid input-output algorithm; intensity interferometry; computational imaging ID PHASE RETRIEVAL AB Intensity interferometery (II) holds tremendous potential for remote sensing of space objects. We investigate the properties of a hybrid intensity interferometer concept where information from an II is fused with information from a traditional imaging telescope. Although not an imager, hybrid intensity interferometery measurements can be used to reconstruct an image. In previous work we investigated the effects of poor SNR on this image formation process. In this work, we go beyond the obviously deleterious effects of SNR, to investigate reconstructed image quality as a function of the chosen support constraint, and the resultant image quality issues. The benefits to fusion of assumed perfect-yet-partial a priori information with traditional intensity interferometery measurements are explored and shown to result in increased sensitivity and improved reconstructed-image quality. C1 [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy; Crabtree, Peter N.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Murray-Krezan, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9085-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8407 AR 840703 DI 10.1117/12.919189 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBE04 UT WOS:000306606400002 ER PT S AU Brillson, LJ Dong, Y Tuomisto, F Svensson, BG Kuznetsov, AY Doutt, D Mosbacker, HL Cantwell, G Zhang, J Song, JJ Fang, ZQ Look, DC AF Brillson, Leonard J. Dong, Y. Tuomisto, F. Svensson, B. G. Kuznetsov, A. Yu. Doutt, D. Mosbacker, H. L. Cantwell, G. Zhang, J. Song, J. J. Fang, Z. -Q. Look, D. C. BE Lourdudoss, S Marcinkevicius, S Kataria, H TI Native point defects at ZnO surfaces, interfaces and bulk films SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 9, NO 7 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference (SIMC-XVI) CY JUN 19-23, 2011 CL Royal Inst Technol (KTH), Stockholm, SWEDEN SP KTH - Sch ICT, KTH - Mat Platform, KTH - Energy Platform, KTH - Electrum Lab, Vetenskapsradet, Stockholms Stad, ECOC Fdn, ADOPT - Line Ctr Adv Opt & Photon, Fabsupport AB, AIXTRON, Acreo, Imag Ctr Excellence, Phys Status Solidi HO Royal Inst Technol (KTH) DE ZnO; Schottky barrier; doping; defect ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER FORMATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The impact of electronically-active native point defects on ZnO optoelectronic technologies at the nanoscale is only now being explored. We are able to address the impact of these defects on Schottky barrier formation and doping using a combination of depth-resolved and scanned probe techniques. We clearly identify the optical transitions and energies of V-Zn and V-Zn clusters, Ga on Zn site donors, Li on Zn sites, the effects of different annealing methods on their spatial distributions in ion-implanted as well as Ga grown-in ZnO, and how V-Zn, V-Zn clusters, and V-O complexes contribute to near-and subsurface carrier density. These results reveal the interplay between ZnO electronic defects, polarity, and surface nanostructure. Overall, the influence of native point defects on doping, Schottky barriers, and transport point to new ways for controlling these properties. (C) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Brillson, Leonard J.; Dong, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, Leonard J.; Doutt, D.; Mosbacker, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tuomisto, F.] Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Phys, FL-02015 Helsinki, Finland. [Svensson, B. G.; Kuznetsov, A. Yu.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Cantwell, G.; Zhang, J.; Song, J. J.] ZN Technol Inc, Brea, CA 9282 USA. [Fang, Z. -Q.; Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, D. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brillson, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM brillson.1@osu.edu RI Tuomisto, Filip/B-8189-2008 OI Tuomisto, Filip/0000-0002-6913-5654 FU National Science Foundation [DMR- 0803276] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Grant DMR- 0803276 (Charles Ying). NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2012 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1566 EP 1569 DI 10.1002/pssc.201100538 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BBC86 UT WOS:000306479300011 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Ramirez, S Varney, SM AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Ramirez, Sasha Varney, Shawn M. TI Spice: A New "Legal" Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel SO SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Article DE Cannabinoid; military; spice; substance abuse AB Spice is an herbal mixture smoked for euphoria and mixed with synthetic cannabinoids that are undetected on urine drug screens. Spice use has increased in the military because it is considered legal and is not detected on urine drug screen. The authors describe 3 cases of Spice use in military members. Case 1: 19-year-old male presented with paranoia, agitation, and visual hallucinations after smoking the "Space" brand of Spice. Urine thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were negative. Case 2: 19-year-old female presented with sedation, amnesia, and agitation. She smoked the "Space" brand. She was alert within 3 hours of arrival. Urine GC-MS detected levorphanol. Case 3: 23-year-old male presented with delusions and paranoia. He complained of "monsters on his back." His symptoms improved in the emergency department (ED). His urine TLC and GC-MS were negative. All cases were admitted and evaluated by a toxicologist; all 3 had their history corroborated by family or friends, or with drug paraphernalia. Spice is a new herbal mixture that is increasingly used in the military. Expected effects are similar to cannabis, but may include more paranoia and hallucinations, and may differ for each brand. C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Brooke Army Med Ctr, 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0889-7077 J9 SUBST ABUS JI Subst. Abus. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1080/08897077.2011.637610 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 974UZ UT WOS:000306464200015 PM 22489593 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ECO Rodgers, BC Michener, M Williams, MS AF Lloyd, Emillia C. O. Rodgers, Blake C. Michener, Michael Williams, Michael S. TI Outpatient Burns: Prevention and Care SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-THICKNESS BURNS; 1-PERCENT SILVER SULFADIAZINE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PORCINE MODEL; MANAGEMENT; WOUNDS; INJURIES; EFFICACY AB Most burn injuries can be managed on an outpatient basis by primary care physicians. Prevention efforts can significantly lower the incidence of burns, especially in children. Burns should be managed in the same manner as any other trauma, including a primary and secondary survey. Superficial burns can be treated with topical application of lotions, honey, aloe vera, or antibiotic ointment. Partial-thickness burns should be treated with a topical antimicrobial agent or an absorptive occlusive dressing to help reduce pain, promote healing, and prevent wound desiccation. Topical silver sulfadiazine is the standard treatment; however, newer occlusive dressings can provide faster healing and a re often more cost-effective. Physicians must reevaluate patients frequently after a burn injury and be aware of the indications for referral to a burn specialist. (Am Fam Physician. 2012; 85 (1):25-32. Copyright (C) 2012 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Lloyd, Emillia C. O.; Rodgers, Blake C.] St Louis Univ, Family Med Residency Program, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. [Michener, Michael] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Williams, Michael S.] St Louis Univ, Gen Surg Residency Program, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. RP Lloyd, ECO (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Family Med Residency Program, 180 S 3rd St,Ste 400, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. EM emillia.lloyd@us.af.mil NR 53 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X EI 1532-0650 J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 974NX UT WOS:000306444300004 PM 22230304 ER PT S AU Bolling, S AF Bolling, Sam BE Pham, T TI Standards-based Sensor Interoperability and Networking SensorWeb: An Overview SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The War fighter lacks a unified Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) environment to conduct mission planning, command and control (C2), tasking, collection, exploitation, processing, and data discovery of disparate sensor data across the ISR Enterprise. Legacy sensors and applications are not standardized or integrated for assured, universal access. Existing tasking and collection capabilities are not unified across the enterprise, inhibiting robust C2 of ISR including near-real time, cross-cueing operations. To address these critical needs, the National Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) Office (NMO), and partnering Combatant Commands and Intelligence Agencies are developing SensorWeb, an architecture that harmonizes heterogeneous sensor data to a common standard for users to discover, access, observe, subscribe to and task sensors. The SensorWeb initiative long term goal is to establish an open commercial standards-based, service-oriented framework to facilitate plug and play sensors. The current development effort will produce non-proprietary deliverables, intended as a Government off the Shelf (GOTS) solution to address the U. S. and Coalition nations' inability to quickly and reliably detect, identify, map, track, and fully understand security threats and operational activities. C1 Def Intelligence Agcy, Natl MASINT Off, Washington, DC 20340 USA. RP Bolling, S (reprint author), Def Intelligence Agcy, Natl MASINT Off, 200 Mac Dill Blvd,Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20340 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83890C DI 10.1117/12.922980 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100008 ER PT S AU Curtis, CK Colombi, JM AF Curtis, Christopher K. Colombi, John M. BE Pham, T TI Cooperative Layered Sensing: A Factor Analysis on Finding Elusive Mobile Targetsd SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sensors; modeling; simulation; analysis; target recognition AB Irregular asymmetric conflicts with non-traditional targets and shorter timelines are spawning new mission requirements for situation awareness. As a result, the increasing demands for timely decision-quality information across the battle space have presented tough challenges for stretched operational resources. The Layered Sensing construct developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory provides a unified vision for research to address the situational awareness challenges posed by the complex and dynamic environments seen in recent conflicts. Determining how to maximize available resources across the battle space with the best efficiency and effectiveness is a critical research thread in the Layered Sensing construct. Leveraging different capabilities across networked cooperative sensors to provide timely situational awareness is critical in accomplishing mission objectives with limited resources. This paper evaluates cooperative sensing using a constructive simulation environment by examining mission performance in various scenarios where Remotely Piloted Aircraft are seeking elusive mobile targets. Measured performance parameters include enemy targets killed and suppression of enemy missile attacks. Cooperative and non-cooperative conditions were simulated using variable factors: sensor capabilities, target densities and false target densities. Results demonstrate statistically significant mission performance improvements of over 200% for less capable, but cooperatively networked, sensors increasing their effectiveness to that of more capable sensors working alone. Key factors regarding when and how to leverage cooperation for improved mission performance are also identified and examined through sensitivity analysis. C1 [Curtis, Christopher K.] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Curtis, CK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 838918 DI 10.1117/12.917436 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100032 ER PT S AU Havig, PR McIntire, JP Geiselman, E Mohd-Zaid, F AF Havig, Paul R. McIntire, John P. Geiselman, Eric Mohd-Zaid, Fairul BE Pham, T TI Why Social Network Analysis is Important to Air Force Applications SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Social network analysis; social network; applications ID LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS; LOGIT-MODELS AB Social network analysis is a powerful tool used to help analysts discover relationships amongst groups of people as well as individuals. It is the mathematics behind such social networks as Facebook and MySpace. These networks alone cause a huge amount of data to be generated and the issue is only compounded once one adds in other electronic media such as e-mails and twitter. In this paper we outline the basics of social network analysis and how it may be used in current and future Air Force applications. C1 [Havig, Paul R.; McIntire, John P.; Geiselman, Eric; Mohd-Zaid, Fairul] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711HPW RHCV,2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83891E DI 10.1117/12.920006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100036 ER PT S AU McIntire, JP Osesina, OI Bartley, C Tudoreanu, ME Havig, PR Geiselman, EE AF McIntire, John P. Osesina, O. Isaac Bartley, Cecilia Tudoreanu, M. Eduard Havig, Paul R. Geiselman, Eric E. BE Pham, T TI Visualizing Weighted Networks: A Performance Comparison of Adjacency Matrices versus Node-link Diagrams SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE visualization; visual analytics; human factors; adjacency matrix; heat maps; node-link diagrams; sociograms AB Ensuring the proper and effective ways to visualize network data is important for many areas of academia, applied sciences, the military, and the public. Fields such as social network analysis, genetics, biochemistry, intelligence, cybersecurity, neural network modeling, transit systems, communications, etc. often deal with large, complex network datasets that can be difficult to interact with, study, and use. There have been surprisingly few human factors performance studies on the relative effectiveness of different graph drawings or network diagram techniques to convey information to a viewer. This is particularly true for weighted networks which include the strength of connections between nodes, not just information about which nodes are linked to other nodes. We describe a human factors study in which participants performed four separate network analysis tasks (finding a direct link between given nodes, finding an interconnected node between given nodes, estimating link strengths, and estimating the most densely interconnected nodes) on two different network visualizations: an adjacency matrix with a heat-map versus a node-link diagram. The results should help shed light on effective methods of visualizing network data for some representative analysis tasks, with the ultimate goal of improving usability and performance for viewers of network data displays. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Geiselman, Eric E.] USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV, Dayton, OH USA. [Osesina, O. Isaac; Bartley, Cecilia; Tudoreanu, M. Eduard] Univ Arkansas, Dept Informat Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV, Dayton, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83891G DI 10.1117/12.920012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100038 ER PT S AU Culbertson, J Sturtz, K Oxley, ME AF Culbertson, Jared Sturtz, Kirk Oxley, Mark E. BE Kadar, I TI Representations of Probabilistic Situations SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE category theory; probabilistic; situations; relations AB Determining a decision from data is an important DoD research area with far-reaching applications. In particular, the long-elusive goal of autonomous machines discovering the relations between entities within a situation has proved to be extremely difficult. Many current sensing systems are devoted to fusing information from a variety of heterogeneous sensors in order to characterize the entities and relationships in the data. This leads to the need for representations of relationships and situations which can model the uncertainty that is present in any system. We develop mathematics for representing a situation where the relations are uncertain and use the work of Meng to show how to compare probabilistic relations and situations. C1 [Culbertson, Jared] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Culbertson, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jared.culbertson@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9070-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8392 AR 839212 DI 10.1117/12.919861 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ38 UT WOS:000306170500032 ER PT S AU Fitch, JA Oxley, ME Kabban, CMS AF Fitch, James A. Oxley, Mark E. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert BE Kadar, I TI Label Fusion of Classification Systems via their ROC Functions SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Classification System; Label Fusion; ROC function; ROC manifold AB A classification system with N possible output labels (or decisions) will have N(N-1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. When multiple classification systems are fused, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC manifolds for each system into one ROC manifold. This paper will investigate the label fusion (also called decision fusion) of multiple classification systems that have the same number of output labels. Boolean rules do not exist for multiple symbols, thus, we will derive possible Boolean-like rules as well as other rules that will yield label fusion rules. The formula for the resultant ROC manifold of the fused classification systems which incorporates the individual classification systems will be derived. Specifically, given a label rule and two classification systems, the ROC manifold for the fused system is produced. We generate formulas for other non-Boolean-like OR and non-Boolean-like AND rules and give the resultant ROC manifold for the fused system. Examples will be given that demonstrate how each formula is used. C1 [Fitch, James A.; Oxley, Mark E.; Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.oxley@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9070-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8392 AR 839214 DI 10.1117/12.920352 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ38 UT WOS:000306170500034 ER PT S AU Oxley, ME Fitch, JA Kabban, CMS AF Oxley, Mark E. Fitch, James A. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert BE Kadar, I TI Feature Fusion of Detection Systems via their ROC Functions SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Detection Systems; Feature Fusion; ROC Function; ROC Curve AB A detection system outputs two distinct labels. Thus, there are two errors it can make. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) function quantifies both of these errors as parameters vary within the system. Combining two detection systems typically yields better performance when a combination rule is chosen appropriately. When multiple detection systems are combined, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC functions for each system into one ROC function. This paper investigates feature fusion of multiple detection systems. Given that one knows the ROC function for each individual detection system, we seek a formula with the resultant ROC function of the fused detection systems as a function (specifically, a transformation) of the respective ROC functions. In this paper we derive this transformation for a certain class of feature rules. An example will be given that demonstrates this transformation. C1 [Oxley, Mark E.; Fitch, James A.; Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Oxley@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9070-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8392 AR 839213 DI 10.1117/12.920353 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ38 UT WOS:000306170500033 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Dommett, DW Task, HL AF Pinkus, Alan R. Dommett, David W. Task, H. Lee BE Kadar, I TI A Comparison of Landolt C and triangle resolution targets using the synthetic observer approach to sensor resolution assessment SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Resolution; sensor resolution; image fusion; image quality; visual resolution AB Resolution is often provided as one of the key parameters addressing the quality capability of a sensor. One traditional approach to determining the resolution of a sensor/display system is to use a resolution target pattern to find the smallest target size for which the critical target element can be "resolved" using the sensor/display system, which usually requires a human in the loop to make the assessment. In previous SPIE papers we reported on a synthetic observer approach to determining the point at which a Landoll C resolution target was resolved; a technique with marginal success when compared to human observers. This paper compares the results of the previously developed synthetic observer approach using a Landoll C with a new synthetic observer approach based on Triangle Orientation Detection (TOD). A large collection of multi-spectral (visible, near infra-red, and thermal) sensor images of triangle and Landolt C resolution targets were recorded at a wide range of distances. Each image contained both the triangle and the Landoll C resolution targets as well as a person holding a weapon or other object. The images were analyzed using the two different synthetic observer approaches, one for triangles and one for Landolt Cs, and the results compared with each other for the three different sensors. This paper describes the results and planned future effort to compare the results with human visual performance for both the resolution targets and for the hand-held objects. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.; Dommett, David W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.pinkus@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9070-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8392 AR 83921A DI 10.1117/12.917692 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ38 UT WOS:000306170500040 ER PT S AU Priddy, KL Uppenkamp, DA AF Priddy, Kevin L. Uppenkamp, Daniel A. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Automated Recognition Challenges for Wide-Area Motion Imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) XXII CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Wide-Area Motion Imagery; Geo-registration; Image Stabilization; Automated Recognition; SPADE; Pursuer; Layered Sensing; Tracking AB Automated pattern recognition has been around for several decades. Generally we have been successful at tackling a large variety of technical problems. This paper presents the challenges inherent in wide area motion imagery, which is problematic to the normal pattern recognition process and associated pattern recognition systems. This paper describes persistent wide area motion imagery, its role as a manifold for overlaying episodic sensors of various modalities to present a better view of activity to an analyst. An underlying framework, SPADE, is introduced and a layered sensing viewer, Pursuer, is also presented to demonstrate the utility of creating a unified view of the sensing world to an analyst. C1 [Priddy, Kevin L.; Uppenkamp, Daniel A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYAR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Priddy, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYAR, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9069-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8391 AR 83910G DI 10.1117/12.924597 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW86 UT WOS:000305839300014 ER PT J AU Zhang, YMD Amin, MG Himed, B AF Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Himed, Braham TI Joint DOD/DOA estimation in MIMO radar exploiting time-frequency signal representations SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE radar signal processing; MIMO radar; direction finding; joint DOD/DOA estimation; time-frequency analysis; moving target tracking ID DISTRIBUTION MATRICES; DOA ESTIMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ESPRIT; MUSIC AB In this article, we consider the joint estimation of direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) information of maneuvering targets in a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system that exploits spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD). STFD has been found useful in solving various array processing problems, such as direction finding and blind source separation, where nonstationary signals with time-varying spectral characteristics are encountered. The STFD approach to array processing has been primarily limited to conventional problems for passive radar platform that deals with signal arrivals, while its use in a MIMO radar configuration has received much less attention. This paper examines the use of STFD in MIMO radar systems with application to direction finding of moving targets with nonstationary signatures. Within this framework, we consider the use of joint transmit and receive apertures for the improved estimation of both target time-varying Doppler signatures and joint DOD/DOA. It is demonstrated that the STFD is an effective tool in MIMO radar processing when moving targets produce Doppler signatures that are highly localized in the time-frequency domain. C1 [Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Himed, Braham] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYMD, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, YMD (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM yimin.zhang@villanova.edu FU Dynetics, Inc.; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX The study of Y. D. Zhang and M. G. Amin was supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303. Part of this study was presented at the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, May 2011 [27]. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2012 AR 102 DI 10.1186/1687-6180-2012-102 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 971NT UT WOS:000306211400001 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Banas, C Paul, M Bussjager, B Seetharaman, G AF Blasch, Erik Banas, Christopher Paul, Michael Bussjager, Becky Seetharaman, Guna BE MendozaSchrock, O Rizki, MM TI Pattern Activity Clustering and Evaluation (PACE) SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Group Tracking; Behavior Analysis; Activity-based Intelligence; Information Fusion; Classification; recognition AB With the vast amount of network information available on activities of people (i.e. motions, transportation routes, and site visits) there is a need to explore the salient properties of data that detect and discriminate the behavior of individuals. Recent machine learning approaches include methods of data mining, statistical analysis, clustering, and estimation that support activity-based intelligence. We seek to explore contemporary methods in activity analysis using machine learning techniques that discover and characterize behaviors that enable grouping, anomaly detection, and adversarial intent prediction. To evaluate these methods, we describe the mathematics and potential information theory metrics to characterize behavior. A scenario is presented to demonstrate the concept and metrics that could be useful for layered sensing behavior pattern learning and analysis. We leverage work on group tracking, learning and clustering approaches; as well as utilize information theoretical metrics for classification, behavioral and event pattern recognition, and activity and entity analysis. The performance evaluation of activity analysis supports high-level information fusion of user alerts, data queries and sensor management for data extraction, relations discovery, and situation analysis of existing data. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Bussjager, Becky; Seetharaman, Guna] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9080-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8402 AR 84020C DI 10.1117/12.919027 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAX03 UT WOS:000305902300009 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Ling, HB Wu, Y Seetharaman, G Talbert, M Bai, L Chen, GS AF Blasch, Erik Ling, Haibin Wu, Yi Seetharaman, Guna Talbert, Mike Bai, Li Chen, Genshe BE MendozaSchrock, O Rizki, MM TI Dismount Tracking and Identification from Electro-Optical Imagery SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Group Tracking; Behavior Analysis; Human; Activity-based Intelligence; Information Fusion; Identification ID FUSION AB With the advent of new technology in wide-area motion imagery (WAMI) and full-motion video (FMV), there is a capability to exploit the imagery in conjunction with other information sources for improving confidence in detection, tracking, and identification (DTI) of dismounts. Image exploitation, along with other radar and intelligence information can aid decision support and situation awareness. Many advantages and limitations exist in dismount tracking analysis using WAMI/FMV; however, through layered management of sensing resources, there are future capabilities to explore that would increase dismount DTI accuracy, confidence, and timeliness. A layered sensing approach enables command-level strategic, operational, and tactical analysis of dismounts to combine multiple sensors and databases, to validate DTI information, as well as to enhance reporting results. In this paper, we discuss WAMI/FMV, compile a list of issues and challenges of exploiting the data for WAMI, and provide examples from recently reported results. Our aim is to provide a discussion to ensure that nominated combatants are detected, the sensed information is validated across multiple perspectives, the reported confidence values achieve positive combatant versus non-combatant detection, and the related situational awareness attributes including behavior analysis, spatial-temporal relations, and cueing are provided in a timely and reliable manner to stakeholders. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Seetharaman, Guna] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9080-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8402 AR 84020H DI 10.1117/12.919025 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAX03 UT WOS:000305902300012 ER PT S AU Grigsby, CC Zmuda, MA Boone, DW Highlander, TC Kramer, RM Rizki, MM AF Grigsby, Claude C. Zmuda, Michael A. Boone, Derek W. Highlander, Tyler C. Kramer, Ryan M. Rizki, Mateen M. BE MendozaSchrock, O Rizki, MM TI Differential profiling of volatile organic compound biomarker signatures utilizing a logical statistical filter-set and novel hybrid evolutionary classifiers SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE machine learning; receiver operating characteristic; K-nearest neighbor; genetic algorithm; biomarker; differential profiling; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; volatile organic compound ID FEATURE-SELECTION; TOOL AB A growing body of discoveries in molecular signatures has revealed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the small molecules associated with an individual's odor and breath, can be monitored to reveal the identity and presence of a unique individual, as well their overall physiological status. Given the analysis requirements for differential VOC profiling via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, our group has developed a novel informatics platform, Metabolite Differentiation and Discovery Lab (MeDDL). In its current version, MeDDL is a comprehensive tool for time-series spectral registration and alignment, visualization, comparative analysis, and machine learning to facilitate the efficient analysis of multiple, large-scale biomarker discovery studies. The MeDDL toolset can therefore identify a large differential subset of registered peaks, where their corresponding intensities can be used as features for classification. This initial screening of peaks yields results sets that are typically too large for incorporation into a portable, electronic nose based system in addition to including VOCs that are not amenable to classification; consequently, it is also important to identify an optimal subset of these peaks to increase classification accuracy and to decrease the cost of the final system. MeDDL's learning tools include a classifier similar to a K-nearest neighbor classifier used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm (GA) that simultaneously optimizes the classifier and subset of features. The GA uses ROC curves to produce classifiers having maximal area under their ROC curve. Experimental results on over a dozen recognition problems show many examples of classifiers and feature sets that produce perfect ROC curves. C1 [Grigsby, Claude C.; Kramer, Ryan M.] USAF, Human Biosignatures Branch, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grigsby, CC (reprint author), USAF, Human Biosignatures Branch, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, 2510 5th St,Area B,Bld 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM claude.grigsby@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9080-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8402 AR 84020K DI 10.1117/12.920021 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAX03 UT WOS:000305902300014 ER PT S AU Vasquez, JR Fogle, R Salva, K AF Vasquez, Juan R. Fogle, Ryan Salva, Karl BE MendozaSchrock, O Rizki, MM TI Wide Area Motion Imagery Tracking SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE multi-target tracking; feature aided tracking; wide area motion imagery AB Automated target tracking with wide area motion imagery (WAMI) presents significant challenges due to the low resolution, low framerate data provided by the sensing platform. This paper discusses many of these challenges with a focus on the use of features to aid the tracking process. Results illustrate the potential benefits obtained when combining target kinematic and feature data, but also demonstrate the difficulties encountered when tracking low contrast targets, targets that have appearance models similar to their background and under conditions where traffic density is relatively high. Other difficulties include target occlusion and move-stop-move events, which are mitigated with a new composite detection method that seamlessly integrates feature and kinematic data. A real WAMI dataset was used in this study, and specific vignettes will be discussed. A single target tracker is implemented to demonstrate the concepts and provide results. C1 [Vasquez, Juan R.; Salva, Karl] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vasquez, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Salva, Karol/0000-0001-7635-7805 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9080-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8402 AR 840205 DI 10.1117/12.918696 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAX03 UT WOS:000305902300004 ER PT S AU Burley, JL Fiorino, ST Randall, RM Bartell, RJ Cusumano, SJ AF Burley, Jarred L. Fiorino, Steven T. Randall, Robb M. Bartell, Richard J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI High energy laser tactical decision aid (HELTDA) for mission planning and predictive avoidance SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD DE laser; decision aid; mission planning; forecast; dwell time; tactical; radiative transfer; surface observations AB This study demonstrates the development of a high energy laser tactical decision aid (HELTDA) by the AFIT/CDE for mission planning High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon system engagements as well as centralized, decentralized, or hybrid predictive avoidance (CPA/DPA/HPA) assessments. Analyses of example HEL mission engagements are described as well as how mission planners are expected to employ the software. Example HEL engagement simulations are based on geographic location and recent/current atmospheric weather conditions. The atmospheric effects are defined through the AFIT/CDE Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) model or the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model upon which the HELTDA is based. These models enable the creation of vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, and atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer extinction coefficient magnitude at wavelengths from the UV to the RF. Seasonal and boundary layer variations (summer/winter) and time of day variations for a range of relative humidity percentile conditions are considered to determine optimum efficiency in a specific environment. Each atmospheric particulate/hydrometeor is evaluated based on its wavelength-dependent forward and off-axis scattering characteristics and absorption effects on the propagating environment to and beyond the target. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are included. Numerical weather model forecasts are incorporated in the model to develop comprehensive understanding of HEL weapon system performance. C1 [Burley, Jarred L.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Randall, Robb M.; Bartell, Richard J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burley, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 83811L DI 10.1117/12.919046 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700037 ER PT S AU Flores, A Lu, CT Robin, C Naderi, S Vergien, C Dajani, I AF Flores, Angel Lu, Chunte Robin, Craig Naderi, Shadi Vergien, Christopher Dajani, Iyad BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Experimental and theoretical studies of phase modulation in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD DE Yb-doped fiber lasers; Stimulated Brillouin scattering; nonlinear optics ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INITIATION; LOCKING AB We present detailed studies of the effect of sinusoidal phase modulation on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Based on a time-dependent SBS model, SBS enhancement factor versus pump linewidth for different modulation depths ranging from 0 to pi, and modulation frequencies ranging from 30 MHz to 500 MHz were analyzed. In addition, experimental validation of SBS suppression via sinusoidal phase modulation is presented with experimental results agreeing well with the model and simulations. Furthermore, narrow linewidth coherent beam combining (CBC) of 5 sinusoidal phase modulated lasers is demonstrated via LOCSET. C1 [Flores, Angel; Lu, Chunte; Robin, Craig; Naderi, Shadi; Vergien, Christopher; Dajani, Iyad] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 83811B DI 10.1117/12.921704 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700032 ER PT S AU Kim, HJ Fair, GE Hart, AM Potticary, SA Usechak, NG AF Kim, Hyun Jun Fair, Geoff E. Hart, Allison M. Potticary, Santeri A. Usechak, Nicholas G. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Influence of Processing Variables on the Properties of Polycrystalline YAG Fibers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a candidate host material for high power lasers, and the advantages of polycrystalline forms of YAG relative to single crystal (in terms of production cost, mechanical/optical properties, and feasible dopant concentrations) have been demonstrated. In addition, novel gain media in fiber form have attracted attention because of the potential for enhanced cooling efficiency, vibration resistance, and elimination of free space optics. Consequently, our work focuses on the development and characterization of optical-quality polycrystalline YAG fibers. Utilizing robust ceramic processes, we can readily produce highly transparent YAG fibers of similar to 30 mu m diameter. We have recently begun characterizing both the mechanical properties and optical loss of these polycrystalline YAG fibers. In this report, the experimental setups for these measurements will be described and the effects of processing variables on the properties of polycrystalline YAG fibers will be discussed. C1 [Kim, Hyun Jun] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Fair, Geoff E.; Hart, Allison M.; Potticary, Santeri A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 838111 DI 10.1117/12.918622 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700025 ER PT S AU Lewis, CD Weeks, DE Perram, GP AF Lewis, Charleton D. Weeks, David E. Perram, Glen P. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Diode Pumped Alkali Laser Kinetics: Comparison of Theory and Experiment SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD DE Alkali lasers; fine structure collision mixing rates; alkali - rare gas potential surfaces; laser dynamics ID SCATTERING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; TIME-DEPENDENT FORMULATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; EXCITATION-TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GAS ATOMS; ELECTRONIC STATES; MOLECULAR THEORY AB The performance of Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) depends critically on both collisionally broadened linehapes and rates for fine structure mixing. The first four potential surfaces for K, Rb, and Cs interactions with rare gases have been computed at the MCSCF/MR SOCI level. These surfaces are then used to compute scattering matrix elements for the spin-orbit relaxation, yielding temperature dependent cross-sections. Theoretical predictions are compared to recent experimental results. The observed fine structure mixing rates for rare gas collisions are interpreted in terms of collision adiabaticity. For molecular partners, ro-vibrational energy appears to dominate the mechanism. C1 [Lewis, Charleton D.; Weeks, David E.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, CD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 83810A DI 10.1117/12.920586 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700007 ER PT S AU Perram, GP AF Perram, Glen P. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Alternative Wavelengths for Optically Pumped Alkali Lasers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD DE Alkali lasers; multi-photon excitation; stimulated Raman scattering; infrared laser ID COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; SODIUM VAPOR; RUBIDIUM; BLUE AB As pump intensity in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) is scaled to more than 100 times threshold, several nonlinear optical processes are encountered including two photon absorption and stimulated Raman scattering. A pulsed, optically pumped potassium laser with pump intensities exceeding 1 MW/cm(2) has been demonstrated with output intensities exceeding 100 kW/cm(2), requiring helium buffer gas pressures above 3 atm. At low pressure Stimulated Electronic Raman Scattering (SERS) has been observed in the same system. Indeed, second and third order SERS has been observed from the DPAL upper laser level. Two-photon absorption at wavelengths near then DPAL pump transition has also been observed and used to demonstrate lasing in the blue and mid infrared. Lasing in the blue has also been achieved by direct excitation of the second excited P-2(3/2) level in Cs. C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 838109 DI 10.1117/12.920648 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700006 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Dearborn, ME McHarg, MG Harvey, J AF Andersen, Geoff Dearborn, Michael E. McHarg, Matthew G. Harvey, Jeff BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Zmuda, H TI Membrane Photon Sieve Telescope SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space telescopes; lightweight optics; diffractive optics ID MODEL AB We are currently constructing FalconSAT-7 for launch in late 2013. The low-Earth, 3U CubeSat solar telescope incorporates a 0.2m deployable membrane photon sieve with over 2.5 billion holes. The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate diffraction limited imaging of a collapsible, diffractive primary over a narrow bandwidth. As well as being simpler to manufacture and deploy than curved, polished surfaces, the sheets do not have to be optically flat, greatly reducing many engineering issues. As such, the technology is particularly promising as a means to achieve extremely large optical primaries from compact, lightweight packages. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Dearborn, Michael E.; McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9063-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8385 AR 83850B DI 10.1117/12.918613 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX08 UT WOS:000305905200007 ER PT S AU Tian, X Tian, Z Pham, K Blasch, E Shen, D AF Tian, Xin Tian, Zhi Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Shen, Dan BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Zmuda, H TI Jamming/Anti-jamming Game with a Cognitive Jammer in Space Communication SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space communication; Cognitive jammer; sliding window energy detection; Anti-jamming game AB In this paper a basic cognitive jamming/anti-jamming problem is studied in the context of space communication. The scenario involves a pair of transmitter and receiver, and a cognitive jammer. The cognitive jammer is assumed to have powerful spectrum sensing capability that allows it to detect data transmission from the transmitter to the receiver over the communication channels. Accordingly the jammer uses a "detect and jam" strategy; while the transmitter-receiver side uses the direct frequency hopping spread spectrum approach to mitigate the jamming impact. The basic jamming/anti-jamming problem is formulated as a two-side zero sum game between the jammer and the transmitter-receiver sides. For spectrum sensing, it is assumed that the jammer uses the energy detection in a sliding window fashion, namely, sliding window energy detection. As a conservative strategy of the transmitter-receiver side, Maxmin solutions to the jamming/anti-jamming game are obtained under various conditions. The impacts of factors such as signal propagation delay, channel bandwidth, and jammer/receiver side signal noise ratio on the game results are discussed. The results show the potential threats of cognitive jammers and provide important information for the configuration of jamming resistant space communication networks. C1 [Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Tian, Zhi] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept ECE, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9063-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8385 AR 83850Q DI 10.1117/12.918798 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX08 UT WOS:000305905200020 ER PT S AU Wang, ZH Blasch, E Pham, K Shen, D Lin, P AF Wang, Zhonghai Blasch, Erik Khanh Pham Shen, Dan Lin, Peter BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Zmuda, H TI Ground Emitter Localization via Fusing Terrain Map and DOA Measurements using Two Miniature UASs SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Data fusion; DOA; Emitter localization; Map assistance; Miniature UAS AB This paper presents an emitter localization technique based on the fusion of Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements obtained from two miniature unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and the terrain map of the interested area. The system's objective is to localize an emitter distributed in an area with 2000m radius in real time and the localization error is less than 100m with 95% confidence. In the system, each UAS is equipped with a three-element smart antenna for scanning the desired frequency band, calculating the received signal's spectrum signature and estimating the emitter's elevation and azimuth DOA. The received signal's DOA, spectrum signature, UAS position, and the time that the signal is received (calculated with respected to the pulse per second (PPS) signal of global positioning system (GPS)) are transmitted to the ground control station. At the ground control station, the DOA coming from the two UAS are aligned using the received signal's spectrum signature and time stamp, and then fused with the UAS position and terrain map to localize the emitter. This paper is focused on the localization scheme including the DOA estimation and emitter localization based on data fusion. The simulation conducted shows that azimuth DOA error (about 1.5 degrees) is much smaller than elevation DOA error (about 5 degrees), and the achieved localization error is less than 100m in most cases when the UAS and the emitter are located in an area with radius of 2000m. C1 [Wang, Zhonghai; Shen, Dan; Lin, Peter] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9063-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8385 AR 83850T DI 10.1117/12.918729 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX08 UT WOS:000305905200022 ER PT S AU Steward, BJ Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Steward, Bryan J. Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Henry, DJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Young, DL Bernier, KL Guell, JJ Rajan, SD TI Characterization and Discrimination of Large Caliber Gun Blast and Flash Signatures SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications IX CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Muzzle flash; remote sensing; classification; battle-space combustion events; spectra; shock dynamics ID FIRE DETECTION; MUZZLE BLAST; MODIS AB Two hundred and one firings of three 152 mm howitzer munitions were observed to characterize firing signatures of a large caliber gun. Muzzle blast expansion was observed with high-speed (1600 Hz) optical imagery. The trajectory of the blast front was well approximated by a modified point-blast model described by constant rate of energy deposition. Visible and near-infrared (450 - 850 nm) spectra of secondary combustion were acquired at similar to 0.75 nm spectral resolution and depict strong contaminant emissions including Li, Na, K, Cu, and Ca. The O-2 (X -> b) absorption band is evident in the blue wing of the potassium D lines and was used for monocular passive ranging accurate to within 4 - 9%. Time-resolved midwave infrared (1800 - 6000 cm(-1)) spectra were collected at 100 Hz and 32 cm(-1) resolution. A low dimensional radiative transfer model was used to characterize plume emissions in terms of area, temperature, soot emissivity, and species concentrations. Combustion emissions have similar to 100 ms duration, 1200 - 1600 K temperature, and are dominated by H2O and CO2. Non-combusting plume emissions last similar to 20 ms, are 850 - 1050 K, and show significant continuum (emissivity similar to 0.36) and CO structure. Munitions were discriminated with 92 - 96% classification accuracy using only 1 - 3 firing signature features. C1 [Steward, Bryan J.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steward, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9038-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8360 AR 836006 DI 10.1117/12.920583 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW77 UT WOS:000305812700006 ER PT J AU Huang, YL Goldberg, M Le, T Qiang, R Warner, D Witkowska, HE Liu, HC Zhu, L DenBesten, P Li, W AF Huang, Yulei Goldberg, Michel Thuan Le Qiang, Ran Warner, Douglas Witkowska, Halina Ewa Liu, Haichuan Zhu, Li DenBesten, Pamela Li, Wu TI Amelogenin Exons 8 and 9 Encoded Peptide Enhances Leucine Rich Amelogenin Peptide Mediated Dental Pulp Repair SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Article DE Amelogenin; Alternative splicing; Amelogenin exons 8 and 9; Dental pulp cells; Dental pulp capping ID GENE SPLICE PRODUCTS; IN-VITRO; STEM-CELLS; MOUSE AMELOGENIN; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT INCISOR; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; MATRIX; LAMP-1 AB Amelogenins containing exons 8 and 9 are alternatively spliced variants of amelogenin. Some amelogenin spliced variants have been found to promote pulp regeneration following pulp exposure. The function of the amelogenin spliced variants with the exons 8 and 9 remains unknown. In this study, we synthesized recombinant leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP, A-4), LRAP plus exons 8 and 9 peptide (LRAP 8, 9) or exons 8 and 9 peptide (P89), to determine their effects on odontoblasts. In vivo analyses were completed following the insertion of agarose beads containing LRAP or LRAP 8, 9 into exposed cavity preparations of rat molars. After 8, 15 or 30 days' exposure, the pulp tissues were analyzed for changes in histomorphometry and cell proliferation by PCNA stainings. In vitro analyses included the effects of the addition of the recombinant proteins or peptide on cell proliferation, differentiation and adhesion of postnatal human dental pulp cells (DPCs). These studies showed that in vivo LRAP 8, 9 enhanced the reparative dentin formation as compared to LRAP. In vitro LRAP 8, 9 promoted DPC proliferation and differentiation to a greater extent than LRAP. These data suggest that amelogenin exons 8 and 9 may be useful in amelogenin-mediated pulp repair. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Huang, Yulei; Thuan Le; Qiang, Ran; Warner, Douglas; Zhu, Li; DenBesten, Pamela; Li, Wu] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orofacial Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Huang, Yulei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guanghua Sch Stomatol, Dept Oral Med, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Goldberg, Michel] Univ Paris 05, INSERM, UMR S 747, UFR Biomed St Peres, Paris, France. [Qiang, Ran] Saierbio LLC, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Warner, Douglas] USAF, Misawa, Japan. [Witkowska, Halina Ewa; Liu, Haichuan] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orofacial Sci, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM wu.li@ucsf.edu FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [R01-DE13508, R01-DE015821]; State-Sponsored Scholarship Program for Graduate Students from China Scholarship Council FX This research was supported by research grants R01-DE13508 and R01-DE015821 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and State-Sponsored Scholarship Program for Graduate Students from China Scholarship Council. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 EI 1422-6421 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2012 VL 196 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1159/000331248 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 969SX UT WOS:000306079900006 PM 22301468 ER PT S AU Kramer, RM Grigsby, CC AF Kramer, Ryan M. Grigsby, Claude C. BE Kolk, AHJ Southern, SO Montgomery, KN Taylor, CW Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Analytical Determination and Detection of Individual Odor Signatures SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING II: AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, Disaster Response and Environmental Monitoring II - and Biometric Technology for Human Identification IX CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HUMAN BLADDER-CANCER; ELECTRONIC-NOSE; OLFACTORY DETECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Despite the fact that therapeutic approaches and diagnostic capabilities have made tremendous advances in the past few decades, the associated costs with these treatments continue to rise. This fact, coupled with a rapidly aging population, threatens to cripple our nation's capability to deliver quality healthcare at reasonable and affordable price points. The research community must therefore look to implementing transformational approaches that revolutionize both the way we diagnose and treat patients. Emerging multi-disciplinary research in the fields of molecular biology, systems biology, and solid-state sensing is poised to make such a contribution. Here we highlight key critical insights in the field of human derived volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures and the potential for non-invasive diagnostics. With the aim of developing future VOC-based diagnostics, we identify some critical gaps in our knowledge of how these often complex signatures are influenced by genetics, physiological state, and population variance. Also, we highlight a few canine and solid-state sensing strategies to demonstrate that VOC-based breath diagnostics are feasible and we suggest a bio-inspired approach for optimizing sensor architectures. VOC based diagnostics should drastically enhance early detection of multiple diseases, increase the time for therapeutic intervention, provide the capability to monitor in real-time the efficacy of therapeutic treatments, provide the context of emerging pathological outbreaks across participating populations, and potentially decrease mortality associated with many diseases by orders of magnitude. C1 [Kramer, Ryan M.; Grigsby, Claude C.] USAF, Human Biosignatures Branch, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kramer, RM (reprint author), USAF, Human Biosignatures Branch, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, 2510 5th St,Area B,Bld 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9049-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8371 AR 83711A DI 10.1117/12.919921 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW71 UT WOS:000305799000019 ER PT S AU Harley, JL Rolling, AJ Wisniewski, CF Gross, KC AF Harley, Jacob L. Rolling, August J. Wisniewski, Charles F. Gross, Kevin C. BE Burleigh, D Stockton, GR TI Spatially resolved infrared spectra of F109 turbofan exhaust SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIV CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transformspectrometer (IFTS); turbulence; combustion; jet exhaust; turbofan AB There is a strong interest in diagnosing engine performance problems and maintenance needs using optical techniques instead of expensive, time-consuming mechanical inspection. A Telops Hyper-Cam MWIR imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer collected spectrally-resolved images of jet exhaust from an F109 turbofan engine operating at 53%, 82%, and 88% of maximum RPM. This work attempts to discern what information content about the turbulent jet flow field is revealed in the measured spectra. The spectrum is examined and simulated, a radial and axial temperature mapping of the plume is presented, and a turbulent temporal and spatial analysis method is demonstrated. Spectral simulation of a pixel centered at nozzle exit finds volume mixing fractions of 3.3% H2O and 2.8% CO2 and an exhaust temperature of 560K with the engine at 82%. A single, high frequency turbulent feature is mapped and tracked over several frames. Velocity of this feature, based on the 2.86 kHz camera frame rate and 0.067 cm(2) per pixel spatial resolution, is approximately 176m/s and compares favorably with an estimate based on the measured mass flow rate. This effort is a proof of concept and intended to justify qualitative analysis of a more controlled and characterized turbulent source in future work. C1 [Harley, Jacob L.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harley, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9032-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8354 AR 83540H DI 10.1117/12.920630 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW76 UT WOS:000305811900014 ER PT S AU Basu, S Cusumano, SJ Hyde, MW Marciniak, MA Fiorino, ST AF Basu, Santasri Cusumano, Salvatore J. Hyde, Milo W. Marciniak, Michael A. Fiorino, Steven T. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Validity of using Gaussian Schell model for extended beacon studies SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Extended beacons; Gaussian Schell Model; rough surface scattering; Method of Moments ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; COHERENCE; BEAMS AB In many military applications that use Adaptive Optics (AO) a point source beacon is ideally required at the target to measure and to correct for the wavefront aberrations caused by propagation through the atmosphere. However, it is rarely possible to create a point source beacon at the target. The "extended beacons" that are created instead have intensity profiles with a finite spatial extent and exhibit varying degrees of spatial coherence. The Gaussian Schell model might be a convenient way to model these extended sources because of its analytical tractability. The present work examines the validity of using such a model by evaluating the scattered field from a rough surface target using a full wave electromagnetic solution (method of moments). The full wave electromagnetic calculation improves the fidelity of the analysis by capturing all aspects of laser-target interaction i.e. shadowing/masking, multiple reflections etc. A variety of rough surface targets with different roughness statistics has been analyzed. This analysis will ultimately aid in understanding the key parameters of extended beacons and how they impact the Adaptive Optics (AO) system performance. C1 [Basu, Santasri; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Hyde, Milo W.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM santasri.basu.ctr.in@afit.edu OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800E DI 10.1117/12.918946 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300013 ER PT S AU Beauchamp, RL Fiorino, ST AF Beauchamp, Rebecca L. Fiorino, Steven T. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Propagation of laser light through aero-optic flow: dry air at 0.4 Mach with three-dimensional turret SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HELEEOS; aero-optics; CFD; aerosols; Fluent; LES; OPL; atmosphere AB A study is underway to address effects of aero-optic (AO) flow components added to the typically modeled clean, dry flow. This is the first of multiple runs to address effects of three-dimensional turrets, moist air and aerosols for a turret in airflow at 0.4 Mach with parameters matching atmosphere at 1 km. The resulting analysis will be used as a baseline for comparison with airflow with the same parameters but including moisture, and again including a realistic population of aerosol particles of varying size. Atmospheric properties were determined using High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS). C1 [Beauchamp, Rebecca L.; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beauchamp, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800M DI 10.1117/12.918634 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300018 ER PT S AU Burchett, LR Fiorino, ST Buchanan, M AF Burchett, Lee R. Fiorino, Steven T. Buchanan, Matthew BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Automation of C-n(2) Profile Extraction from Weather Radar Images SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Boundary Layer; Turbulence; Scintillation; Weather Radar; Sensor Fusion AB A novel method for measuring the structure constant of the atmospheric turbulence on an arbitrary path has recently been demonstrated by the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). This method provides a unique ability to remotely measure the intensity of turbulence, which is important for predicting beam spread, wander, and scintillation effects on High Energy Laser (HEL) propagation. Because this is a new technique, estimating C-n(2) using radar is a complicated and time consuming process. This paper presents a new software program which is being developed to automate the calculation of C-n(2) over an arbitrary path. The program takes regional National Weather Service NEXRAD radar reflectivity measurements and extracts data for the path of interest. These reflectivity measurements are then used to estimate C-n(2) over the path. The program uses the Radar Software Library (RSL) produced by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) at the NASA/Goddard Flight Center. RSL provides support for nearly all formats of weather radar data. The particular challenge to extracting data is in determining which data bins the path passes through. Due to variations in radar systems and measurement conditions, the RSL produces data grids that are not consistent in geometry or completeness. The C-n(2) program adapts to the varying geometries of each radar image. Automation of the process allows for fast estimation of C-n(2) and supports a goal of real-time remote turbulence measurement. Recently, this software was used to create comparison data for RF scintillation measurements. In this task it performed well, extracting thousands of measurements in only a few minutes. C1 [Burchett, Lee R.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Buchanan, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burchett, LR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800I DI 10.1117/12.919198 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300016 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Shirey, SM Via, MF Grahn, DJ Krizo, MJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Shirey, Stephen M. Via, Michelle F. Grahn, Daniel J. Krizo, Matthew J. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Potential Impacts of Elevated Aerosol Layers on High Energy Laser Aerial Defense Engagements SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HELEEOS; high energy laser; atmospheric scattering; aerosol properties; aerosol profiles ID SYSTEMS AB This study quantifies the impacts on high energy laser (HEL) air defense performance due to atmospheric effects in the boundary layer driven by varying elevated aerosol layers. The simulations are run using several different engagement geometries to more completely show the effects of aerosols. High adaptive optics are applied to reduce the turbulence effects. The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance is assessed at 1.0642 mu m across the world's oceans, mapped on a 1 x 1 grid, and at 573 land sites. The scenarios evaluated are primarily near-surface and horizontal over ranges up to 10000 meters. Seasonal and boundary layer variations (summer and winter) for a range of relative humidity percentile conditions are considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are used. Results indicate profound effects of elevated aerosol layers on HEL engagements as compared to standard scenarios without elevated layers. Also, results suggest changing optical properties to have additional significant effects. HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with a probability of cloud free line of sight (CFLOS) algorithm for air-to-air, air-to-surface, and surface-to-air (or space) look angles. HELEEOS characterizes aerosol environments using the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM) or various representations of maritime particulates from the Global Aerosol Dataset (GADS). In the lowest 50 m, HELEEOS defines optical turbulence with the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model. HELEEOS was developed under the sponsorship of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Shirey, Stephen M.; Via, Michelle F.; Grahn, Daniel J.; Krizo, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800T DI 10.1117/12.919173 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300024 ER PT S AU Pitz, GA Glass, S Kamer, B Klennert, WL Hostutler, DA AF Pitz, Greg A. Glass, Sara Kamer, Brian Klennert, Wade L. Hostutler, David A. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Atmospheric propagation properties of various laser system SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Propagation; Atmosphere; DPAL; COIL ID ATOMIC IODINE; TRANSITION; ABSORPTION; GASES; SHIFT; D-1; H-2; N-2; CH4 AB Atmospheric propagation properties of various laser systems, including diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) and the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), are of importance. However, there appears to be a lack of highly accurate transmission characteristics of these systems associated with their operating conditions. In this study laser propagation of the rubidium-based DPAL and the COIL has been simulated utilizing integrated cavity output spectroscopy. This technique allowed for the simulation of laser propagation approaching distances of 3 kilometers on a test stand only 35 cm long. The spectral output from these simulations was compared to the HITRAN database with excellent agreement. The spectral profile and proximity of the laser line to the atmospheric absorbers is shown. These low pressure spectral profiles were then extrapolated to higher pressures using an in-house hyperfine model. These models allowed for the comparison of proposed systems and their output spectral profile. The diode pumped rubidium laser at pressures under an atmosphere has been shown to interact with only one water absorption feature, but at pressures approaching 7 atmospheres the D-1 transition may interact with more than 6 water lines depending on resonator considerations. Additionally, a low pressure system may have some slight control of the overlap of the output profile with the water line by changing the buffer gases. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Kamer, Brian; Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RDLC.SCI.org@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800V DI 10.1117/12.921251 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300026 ER PT S AU Sanchez, DJ Oesch, DW Kelly, PR AF Sanchez, Darryl J. Oesch, Denis W. Kelly, Patrick R. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI The Aggregate Behavior of Branch Points - Theoretical Calculation of Branch Point Velocity SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB In our first work in this research thread, we demonstrated that turbulence-created optical vortices are created infinitesimally close together in pairs of opposite helicity-call these creation pairs. In that first work, we postulated that creation pairs separate as they propagate, and that they carry both the velocity of, and distance to, the turbulence layer that created them. Subsequent experimental papers have demonstrated this to be true. Our purpose here is to fill two gaps in our original theoretical results and demonstrate both how, in a mathematical treatment, turbulence-created optical vortices can have the velocity of the turbulence layer that created them, and also, present calculation of their separation velocity. C1 [Sanchez, Darryl J.; Kelly, Patrick R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanchez, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRLRDSWorkflowOrgMailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800P DI 10.1117/12.921501 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300021 ER PT J AU Machado, RG Klein, AG Martin, RK AF Machado, Raquel G. Klein, Andrew G. Martin, Richard K. TI Sparsening filter design for iterative soft-input soft-output detectors SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE belief propagation; turbo equalization; channel sparsening; channel shortening ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; EQUALIZATION; CHANNELS; SYSTEMS AB A large body of research exists around the idea of channel shortening, where a prefilter is designed to reduce the effective channel impulse response to some smaller number of contiguous taps. This idea was originally conceived to reduce the complexity of Viterbi-based maximum-likelihood equalizers. Here, we consider a generalization of channel shortening which we term "channel sparsening". In this case, a prefilter is designed to reduce the effective channel to a small number of nonzero taps which do not need to be contiguous. When used in combination with belief-propagation-based maximum a posteriori (MAP) detectors, an analogous complexity reduction can be realized. We address the design aspects of sparsening filters, including several approaches to minimize the bit error rate of MAP detectors. We devote attention to the interaction of the sparsening filter and detector, and demonstrate the performance gains through simulation. C1 [Machado, Raquel G.; Klein, Andrew G.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Machado, RG (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM raquel@wpi.edu; klein@ece.wpi.edu FU Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate FX Martin is funded in part by the Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2012 AR 72 DI 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-72 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 965RR UT WOS:000305785400001 ER PT S AU Henry, LJ Grosek, J Moore, G Shay, TM AF Henry, L. J. Grosek, J. Moore, G. Shay, T. M. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI 1121 nm resonator properties and impact on the design of a 50 W 1178 nm sodium guidestar laser SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIV CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman laser; resonator cavity; SBS suppression; narrow linewidth ID FIBER; AMPLIFIERS; POWER AB A dual seeded (pump at 1069 nm and second Stokes at 1178 nm) Raman laser system involving amplification of the second Stokes in a Raman resonator having high reflector Bragg gratings tuned to the first Stokes at 1121 nm is proposed. This system has the potential of generating 50 W of output power at 1178 nm. Because the laser is seeded with the desired output wavelength (second Stokes), outputs having narrow or broad linewidths can be achieved. Highly efficient Raman conversion is achieved in a short Raman fiber (< 20 m) due to high 1121 nm circulating power levels in the Raman resonator. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, the 1121 nm circulating power level, and the effects of modal instability are constraints on the design of a narrow linewidth system. Length of the resonator cavity, power level of the 1069 nm pump, and power level of the 1178 nm seed are parameters that can be adjusted to optimize the design. Usage of germanosilicate fiber improves the performance of the system. Finally, because of the low power level of available 1178 nm seeds, a two stage system (low and high power stages) is necessary to achieve 50 W of 1178 nm output power. C1 [Henry, L. J.; Grosek, J.; Moore, G.; Shay, T. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8879-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8236 AR 823605 DI 10.1117/12.906867 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAW39 UT WOS:000305732400002 ER PT S AU Alsing, PM McDonald, JR AF Alsing, Paul M. McDonald, Jonathan R. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Nonlocality, Entanglement Witnesses and Supra-correlations SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE quantum entanglement; quantum non-locality; non-signaling theories; Popescu-Rohrlich boxes; EPR ID INFORMATION CAUSALITY; SCHMIDT DECOMPOSITION; CLASSIFICATION; PRINCIPLE AB While entanglement is believed to underlie the power of quantum computation and communication, it is not generally well understood for multipartite systems. Recently, it has been appreciated that there exists proper no-signaling probability distributions derivable from operators that do not represent valid quantum states. Such systems exhibit supra-correlations that are stronger than allowed by quantum mechanics, but less than the algebraically allowed maximum in Bell-inequalities (in the bipartite case). Some of these probability distributions are derivable from an entanglement witness W, which is a non-positive Hermitian operator constructed such that its expectation value with a separable quantum state (positive density matrix) rho(sep) is non-negative (so that Tr[W rho]< 0 indicates entanglement in quantum state rho). In the bipartite case, it is known that by a modification of the local no-signaling measurements by spacelike separated parties A and B, the supra-correlations exhibited by any W can be modeled as derivable from a physically realizable quantum state rho. However, this result does not generalize to the n-partite case for n>2. Supra-correlations can also be exhibited in 2- and 3-qubit systems by explicitly constructing "states" O (not necessarily positive quantum states) that exhibit PR correlations for a fixed, but arbitrary number, of measurements available to each party. In this paper we examine the structure of "states" that exhibit supra-correlations. In addition, we examine the affect upon the distribution of the correlations amongst the parties involved when constraints of positivity and purity are imposed. We investigate circumstances in which such "states" do and do not represent valid quantum states. C1 [Alsing, Paul M.; McDonald, Jonathan R.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM paul.alsing@rl.af.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 84000Y DI 10.1117/12.919910 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400023 ER PT S AU McDonald, JR Alsing, PM Blair, HA AF McDonald, Jonathan R. Alsing, Paul M. Blair, Howard A. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI A geometric view of quantum cellular automata SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Information geometry; quantum cellular automata; quantum information; quantum computation ID INFORMATION; COMPUTATION AB Nielsen, et al.(1,2) proposed a view of quantum computation where determining optimal algorithms is equivalent to extremizing a geodesic length or cost functional. This view of optimization is highly suggestive of an action principle of the space of N-qubits interacting via local operations. The cost or action functional is given by the cost of evolution operators on local qubit operations leading to causal dynamics, as in Blute et. al.(3) Here we propose a view of information geometry for quantum algorithms where the inherent causal structure determines topology and information distances(4,5) set the local geometry. This naturally leads to geometric characterization of hypersurfaces in a quantum cellular automaton. While in standard quantum circuit representations the connections between individual qubits, i.e. the topology, for hypersurfaces will be dynamic, quantum cellular automata have readily identifiable static hypersurface topologies determined via the quantum update rules. We demonstrate construction of quantum cellular automata geometry and discuss the utility of this approach for tracking entanglement and algorithm optimization. C1 [McDonald, Jonathan R.; Alsing, Paul M.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP McDonald, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM jmcdnld@gmail.com; paul.alsing@rl.af.mil; blair@ecs.syr.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 84000S DI 10.1117/12.921329 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400018 ER PT S AU Peters, CJ Fanto, ML Alsing, PM Smith, AM Genda, TP Erdmann, RK Galvez, EJ AF Peters, Corey J. Fanto, Michael L. Alsing, Paul M. Smith, A. Matthew Genda, Timothy P. Erdmann, Reinhard K. Galvez, Enrique J. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI A MULTIPLI-ENTANGLED PHOTON SOURCE FOR CLUSTER STATE GENERATION SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE quantum; entangled photons; spontaneous parametric down-conversion AB This paper expands upon prior work on an entangled photon source generating six pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a single pass configuration. Experimental results measuring entangled photons at 810 nm are shown and other wavelength regimes will be discussed. The design and fabrication considerations for a group velocity matched (GVM) superlattice photon source are discussed. An application of this source enables various multi-qubit cluster states to be generated in a compact unidirectional configuration. This configuration simplifies the interferometric stability for any associated feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry. C1 [Peters, Corey J.; Fanto, Michael L.; Alsing, Paul M.; Smith, A. Matthew; Genda, Timothy P.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 84000Z DI 10.1117/12.920033 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400024 ER PT S AU Smith, AM AF Smith, A. Matthew BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI A Multi-Layer Three Dimensional Superconducting Nanowire Photon Detector SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Superconducting Nanowires; Number Resolving Photon Detection AB Here we propose a new design paradigm for a superconducting nanowire single photon detector that uses a multi-layer architecture that places the electric leads beneath the nanowires. This allows for a very large number of detector elements, which we will call pixels in analogy to a conventional CCD camera, to be placed in close proximity. This leads to significantly better photon number resolution than current single and multi-nanowire meanders, while maintaining similar detection areas. We discuss the reset time of the pixels and how the design can be modified to avoid the latching failure seen in extremely short superconducting nanowires. These advantages give a multi-layer superconducting number-resolving photon detector significant advantages over the current design paradigm of long superconducting nanowire meanders. Such advantages are desirable in a wide array of photonics applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Smith, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM amos.matthew.smith.ctr@rl.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 84000L DI 10.1117/12.930623 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400011 ER PT J AU Guarini, M Bello, P AF Guarini, Marcello Bello, Paul BE Lin, P Abney, K Bekey, GA TI Robotic Warfare: Some Challenges in Moving from Noncivilian to Civilian Theaters SO ROBOT ETHICS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS SE Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MORAL JUDGMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; UTILITARIAN; ATTENTION; MODEL C1 [Guarini, Marcello] Univ Windsor, Dept Philosophy, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Guarini, Marcello] Shared Hierarch Acad Res Comp Network, Oakville, ON, Canada. [Bello, Paul] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Bello, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Guarini, M (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Philosophy, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01666-7 J9 INTELL ROBOT AUTON PY 2012 BP 129 EP 144 PG 16 WC Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BZT14 UT WOS:000302874600010 ER PT S AU Fedde, ML Lowry, HS Mansfield, JH AF Fedde, M. L. Lowry, H. S. Mansfield, J. H. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Spectral shift of infrared LEDs and resistive sources SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVII CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE space simulation; cryovacuum chamber; spectral shift; space sensor testing AB The Space Chambers at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) are continually exploring new technologies to improve their characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing capabilities for imaging sensors. Part of this task is to develop and integrate methods to simulate high-temperature sources (on the order of 3,000 K) while maintaining the integrity of the low radiometric background within the cryovacuum chambers. The High Temperature Source Simulator project at AEDC is exploring the use of laser diodes, LEDs, and resistive sources of varying IR wavelengths to simulate these high-temperature sources within AEDC's Space Chambers. A brief summary of previous work will be presented with a more detailed discussion of the recent cryospectral shift of the tested sources. We found that the IR LEDs spectrally shift up to about 20% from their ambient center wavelength while the resistive sources do not shift at all (as expected). Several different resistive sources as well as LEDs of varying wavelengths have been procured and will continue to be tested. C1 [Fedde, M. L.; Lowry, H. S.; Mansfield, J. H.] ATA, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. RP Fedde, ML (reprint author), ATA, 1077 Schriever Ave, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. EM mary.fedde@arnold.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9034-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8356 AR 835602 DI 10.1117/12.917485 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW46 UT WOS:000305744300001 ER PT S AU Lowry, H Fedde, M Crider, D Horne, H Bynum, K Steely, S Labello, J AF Lowry, H. Fedde, M. Crider, D. Horne, H. Bynum, K. Steely, S. Labello, J. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Scene Projection Technology Development for Imaging Sensor Testing at AEDC SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVII CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HWIL; cryovacuum testing; imaging sensors; infrared; scene projection; radiometric sources; mission simulation; scene generation; calibration AB Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is tasked with visible-to-LWIR imaging sensor calibration and characterization, as well as hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing with high-fidelity complex scene projection to validate sensor mission performance. They are thus involved in the development of technologies and methodologies that are used in space simulation chambers for such testing. These activities support a variety of program needs such as space situational awareness (SSA). This paper provides an overview of pertinent technologies being investigated and implemented at AEDC. C1 [Lowry, H.; Fedde, M.; Crider, D.; Horne, H.; Bynum, K.; Steely, S.; Labello, J.] ATA, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. RP Lowry, H (reprint author), ATA, 1077 Schriever Ave, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9034-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8356 AR 83560K DI 10.1117/12.917853 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW46 UT WOS:000305744300011 ER PT J AU Menze, AJ Burns, TM AF Menze, Alexander J. Burns, Ted M. BE Donofrio, PD TI Guillain-Barre Syndrome SO TEXTBOOK OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROME; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN; INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY; MOTOR AXONAL NEUROPATHY; AUTOIMMUNE NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BRAIN-STEM ENCEPHALITIS; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; NILE-VIRUS-INFECTION; PLASMA-EXCHANGE C1 [Menze, Alexander J.] USAF, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Burns, Ted M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Neurol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Menze, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. NR 198 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DEMOS MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, 15TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 978-1-61705-034-3 PY 2012 BP 167 EP 186 PG 20 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAH72 UT WOS:000304180800012 ER PT S AU Acosta, RI Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Acosta, R. I. Gross, K. C. Perram, G. P. BE Beyer, E Morris, T TI Mid Infrared Imaging Fourier Transform Spectromtery for High Power Fiber Laser Irradiated Fiberglass Composites SO HIGH POWER LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING: LASERS, BEAM DELIVERY, DIAGNOSTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Laser Materials Processing - Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications CY JAN 24-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Imaging FTIR; combustion kinetics; CO; CO2; fiberglass composites; laser irradiation ID CHEMICAL NATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; PRODUCTS; COMBUSTION; POLYESTERS; TOXICITY; PLASTICS AB New measurement techniques to study continuous wave (CW) laser-material interactions are emerging with the ability to monitor the evolving, spatial distribution of the state of the surface-gas boundary layer. A qualitative analysis of gas phase combustion plumes above the surface of laser irradiated fiberglass composites is developed from fast framing hyperspectral imagery observations. An imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IFTS) operating in the mid-infrared (MWIR) with high framing rate has recently been developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in collaboration with Telops Inc. A 320 x 256 indium antimonide (InSb) focal plane array with spectral response from 1.5 -5.5 mu m is mated with a Michelson interferometer to achieve spectral resolutions as high as 0.25 cm(-1). The very fast 16-tap InSb array frames at 1.9 kHz for the full 320 x 256 frame size. The single pixel field of view of 0.3 mrad provides a spatial resolution of 1 mm at the minimum focal distance of 3 m. Painted and unpainted fiberglass composites are irradiated with a 1064 nm CW Nd:YAG laser for 60 s at 100 W in air at atmospheric pressure. Selective emission in the region of 2100 - 3200 cm(-1) is readily evident and is used to develop a time-dependent spatial map of both temperature and plume constituents. The time evolution of gas phase combustion products such as CO and CO2 molecules are monitored, with a spectral resolution of 2 cm(-1). High-speed imagery is obtained using a low-pass filter for the interferograms, illustrating significant turbulent behavior during laser irradiation. Spatial brightness temperature maps exceed 600 K. Spatial variation in the ratio of [CO2]/[CO] indicates an interplay between heterogeneous and homogeneous kinetics. C1 [Acosta, R. I.; Gross, K. C.; Perram, G. P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8882-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8239 AR 82390R DI 10.1117/12.906434 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAR81 UT WOS:000305332600022 ER PT S AU Gardner, N AF Gardner, Nikolas BE Roy, K TI MORALE OF THE INDIAN ARMY IN THE MESOPOTAMIA CAMPAIGN: 1914-17 SO INDIAN ARMY IN THE TWO WORLD WARS SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Gardner, N (reprint author), USAF, Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21145-2 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 393 EP 417 PG 25 WC History SC History GA BYZ48 UT WOS:000300794200015 ER PT S AU Vap, JC Marciniak, MA Moran, M Johnson, L AF Vap, Jason C. Marciniak, Michael A. Moran, Mark Johnson, Linda BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Examining epsilon near zero structures through effective medium theory and optical thin film analysis SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing X CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE epsilon near zero; ellipsometry; effective medium theory; optical thin film; metal-dielectric; doped semiconductor-dielectric AB Epsilon near zero (ENZ) structures are of increasing interest with developments initially directed at metal-dielectric material combinations and recently extended to doped semiconductor-dielectric combinations - all in an effort to drive the permittivity and wave number of the structure near zero. Of further interest is the effective theoretical characterization of these multi-layered material structures. We investigate increasing the number of layers - from one to four - of a visible ENZ design structure. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental material properties collected from ellisometry; the region where effective medium theory breaks down and optical thin film analysis succeeds are examined. C1 [Vap, Jason C.] USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vap, JC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9042-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8364 AR 83640Q DI 10.1117/12.919053 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAW50 UT WOS:000305747200022 ER PT S AU Vap, JC Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA AF Vap, Jason C. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Optimization of a mid-wave tunable polarimetric optical scatter instrument SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing X CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Scatter; Polarimeter; Mueller matrix; Infrared; MWIR; Dual Rotating Retarder; measurement matrix method ID MUELLER-MATRIX AB A tunable mid-wave infrared Mueller matrix scatterometer was recently developed. Initial design efforts were directed at using existing non-achromatic retarders and leveraging the flexibility of the measurement matrix method for dual rotating retarders. However, insufficient retardance existed among the non-achromatic retarders (similar to lambda/5 at 4.35 mu m), resulting in high condition numbers and large errors in free-space Mueller matrix extractions. Condition number analysis and random error analysis was applied to the measurement matrix method and led to the selection of achromatic lambda/3 retarders in the final design. This establishes a near-optimum configuration and the opportunity to develop and test measurement matrix method calibration techniques. C1 [Vap, Jason C.] USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vap, JC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9042-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8364 AR 836406 DI 10.1117/12.919038 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAW50 UT WOS:000305747200005 ER PT J AU Anderson-Cook, CM Lu, L Clark, G DeHart, SP Hoerl, R Jones, B MacKay, RJ Montgomery, D Parker, PA Simpson, J Snee, R Steiner, SH Van Mullekom, J Vining, GG Wilson, AG AF Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Lu, Lu Clark, Gordon DeHart, Stephanie P. Hoerl, Roger Jones, Bradley MacKay, R. Jock Montgomery, Douglas Parker, Peter A. Simpson, James Snee, Ronald Steiner, Stefan H. Van Mullekom, Jennifer Vining, G. Geoff Wilson, Alyson G. TI Statistical Engineering-Forming the Foundations SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SIGMA C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.; Lu, Lu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clark, Gordon] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [DeHart, Stephanie P.] DuPont Co Inc, Appl Stat Grp, Roanoke, VA USA. [Hoerl, Roger] GE Global Res, Appl Stat Lab, Schenectady, NY USA. [Jones, Bradley] SAS, JMP Div, Cary, NC USA. [MacKay, R. Jock] Univ Waterloo, Inst Improvement Qual & Prod, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Montgomery, Douglas] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Engn Branch, Langley, VA USA. [Snee, Ronald] Snee Associates LLC, Newark, DE USA. [Van Mullekom, Jennifer] DuPont Co Inc, Richmond, VA USA. [Vining, G. Geoff] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Wilson, Alyson G.] Inst Def Anal, Inst Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Steiner, Stefan H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Steiner, Stefan H.] Univ Waterloo, Business & Ind Stat Res Grp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Simpson, James] USAF, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Anderson-Cook, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS FS600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov OI Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 110 EP 132 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.641150 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 962CD UT WOS:000305516000002 ER PT J AU Anderson-Cook, CM Lu, L Clark, G DeHart, SP Hoerl, R Jones, B MacKay, RJ Montgomery, D Parker, PA Simpson, J Snee, R Steiner, SH Van Mullekom, J Vining, GG Wilson, AG AF Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Lu, Lu Clark, Gordon DeHart, Stephanie P. Hoerl, Roger Jones, Bradley MacKay, R. Jock Montgomery, Douglas Parker, Peter A. Simpson, James Snee, Ronald Steiner, Stefan H. Van Mullekom, Jennifer Vining, G. Geoff Wilson, Alyson G. TI Statistical Engineering-Roles for Statisticians and the Path Forward SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.; Lu, Lu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clark, Gordon] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [DeHart, Stephanie P.] DuPont Co Inc, Appl Stat Grp, Roanoke, VA USA. [Hoerl, Roger] GE Global Res, Appl Stat Lab, Schenectady, NY USA. [Jones, Bradley] SAS, JMP Div, Cary, NC USA. [MacKay, R. Jock] Univ Waterloo, Inst Improvement Qual & Prod, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Steiner, Stefan H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Steiner, Stefan H.] Univ Waterloo, Business & Ind Stat Res Grp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Engn Branch, Langley, VA USA. [Simpson, James] USAF, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Snee, Ronald] Snee Associates LLC, Newark, DE USA. [Van Mullekom, Jennifer] DuPont Co Inc, Richmond, VA USA. [Vining, G. Geoff] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Wilson, Alyson G.] Inst Def Anal, Inst Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP Anderson-Cook, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS FS600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov OI Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.641151 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 962CD UT WOS:000305516000003 ER PT B AU Duello, G AF Duello, George BE Cohen, M TI A PATH TO INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE FOR THE DENTAL TEAM SO INTERDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT PLANNING, VOL II: COMPREHENSIVE CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Duello, George] USAF, MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL USA. RP Duello, G (reprint author), Gateway Study Club, St Louis, MO USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA BN 978-0-86715-474-0 PY 2012 BP 463 EP 484 PG 22 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA BZJ29 UT WOS:000301753100020 ER PT J AU Hall, DJ Skipper, JB Hazen, BT Hanna, JB AF Hall, Dianne J. Skipper, Joseph B. Hazen, Benjamin T. Hanna, Joe B. TI Inter-organizational IT use, cooperative attitude, and inter-organizational collaboration as antecedents to contingency planning effectiveness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Contingency planning; Collaboration; Information technology; Cooperative attitude; Partial least squares ID SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; SCALE DEVELOPMENT; DECISION-MAKING; PERFORMANCE; BUSINESS; MODEL; FIRM; PERSPECTIVE AB Purpose - Today's supply chains face increasing vulnerabilities; effective management of disruptions is critical to an organization's ability to weather disruptive events and remain competitive. Contingency planning is a method of risk management that promotes effective crisis management. This research tests proposed antecedents of contingency planning effectiveness in a supply chain setting. Design/methodology/approach - A survey method was used to gather data from 103 participants who are involved in their respective organization's contingency planning and implementation processes. The data were analyzed using partial least squares to examine relationships between contingency planning effectiveness, inter-organizational information technology (IT) use, cooperative attitude, and inter-organizational collaboration. Findings - The proposed model explains 87 percent of the variance in contingency planning effectiveness. The findings suggest that inter-organizational collaboration, inter-organizational IT use, and cooperative attitude directly impact contingency planning effectiveness. Inter-organizational collaboration mediates the relationships between the other antecedents and contingency planning effectiveness. Originality/value - Although effective contingency planning has been shown to influence positive outcomes, the relationship between contingency planning effectiveness and its antecedents is not well understood in extant literature. This study identifies and investigates key antecedents to contingency planning effectiveness and provides a foundation for continued investigation. C1 [Hall, Dianne J.; Hazen, Benjamin T.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Skipper, Joseph B.] USAF, Supply Chain Operat Squadron 400, Langley AFB, VA USA. [Hanna, Joe B.] Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hazen, BT (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM benjamin.hazen@auburn.edu NR 130 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4093 J9 INT J LOGIST MANAG JI Int. J. Logist. Manag. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 50 EP 76 DI 10.1108/09574091211226920 PG 27 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 953TH UT WOS:000304895600003 ER PT S AU Avrett, JT Cain, SC Pochet, M AF Avrett, John T., II Cain, Stephen C. Pochet, Michael BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Dynamic Thermal Analysis of a Concentrated Photovoltaic System SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solar cell; photovoltaic; energy; device modeling AB Concentrated photovoltaic (PV) technology represents a growing market in the field of terrestrial solar energy production. As the demand for renewable energy technologies increases, further importance is placed upon the modeling, design, and simulation of these systems. Given the U. S. Air Force cultural shift towards energy awareness and conservation, several concentrated PV systems have been installed on Air Force installations across the country. However, there has been a dearth of research within the Air Force devoted to understanding these systems in order to possibly improve the existing technologies. This research presents a new model for a simple concentrated PV system. This model accurately determines the steady state operating temperature as a function of the concentration factor for the optical part of the concentrated PV system, in order to calculate the optimum concentration that maximizes power output and efficiency. The dynamic thermal model derived is validated experimentally using a commercial polysilicon solar cell, and is shown to accurately predict the steady state temperature and ideal concentration factor. C1 [Avrett, John T., II; Cain, Stephen C.; Pochet, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Avrett, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 82561V DI 10.1117/12.908282 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000044 ER PT S AU Wilt, DM AF Wilt, David M. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Advanced Photovoltaic Development at Air Force Research Laboratory SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE photovoltaics; spacecraft; power systems AB Photovoltaics continue to be the primary source of electrical power for most near-Sun space missions. The desire to enhance or enable new space missions through higher efficiency, increased specific power (W/kg), increased volumetric power density (W/m(3)) and improved radiation resistance, along with decreased costs, continues to push development of novel solar cell and array technologies. To meet present and future space power requirements, gallium arsenide based multijunction solar cells, thin-film solar cells, and more novel technologies such as intermediate bandgap devices are being pursued. These efforts have resulted in a continual advancement in performance, but new paradigms will be required to continue that performance trend. As cell efficiency increases, other cell and power system characteristics may become more important, namely cost and environmental durability as well as power system survivability. Opportunities for high performance photovoltaics continue to expand for both space and terrestrial applications. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilt, DM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 82561G DI 10.1117/12.910931 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000037 ER PT J AU Reichenstein, W Horan, SM Jennings, WW AF Reichenstein, William Horan, Stephen M. Jennings, William W. TI Two Key Concepts for Wealth Management and Beyond SO FINANCIAL ANALYSTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALLOCATION; LOCATION; RATES C1 [Reichenstein, William] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Horan, Stephen M.] CFA Inst, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Jennings, William W.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Reichenstein, W (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. OI Reichenstein, William/0000-0002-4434-4337 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CFA INST PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA 560 RAY C HUNT DR, PO BOX 3668, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0015-198X J9 FINANC ANAL J JI Financ. Anal. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 68 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 887XO UT WOS:000299965500005 ER PT S AU Doyle, DD Black, JT AF Doyle, Daniel D. Black, Jonathan T. BE Thompson, WE McManamon, PF TI Determination of Feature Generation Methods for PTZ Camera Object Tracking SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXVI CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE object detection; tracking; sift; surf; Gaussian; mixture; optical flow; ptz; flann AB Object detection and tracking using computer vision (CV) techniques have been widely applied to sensor fusion applications. Many papers continue to be written that speed up performance and increase learning of artificially intelligent systems through improved algorithms, workload distribution, and information fusion. Military application of real-time tracking systems is becoming more and more complex with an ever increasing need of fusion and CV techniques to actively track and control dynamic systems. Examples include the use of metrology systems for tracking and measuring micro air vehicles (MAVs) and autonomous navigation systems for controlling MAVs. This paper seeks to contribute to the determination of select tracking algorithms that best track a moving object using a pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) camera applicable to both of the examples presented. The select feature generation algorithms compared in this paper are the trained Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), the Mixture of Gaussians (MoG) background subtraction method, the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method (2000) and the Farneback optical flow method (2003). The matching algorithm used in this paper for the trained feature generation algorithms is the Fast Library for Approximate Nearest Neighbors (FLANN). The BSD licensed OpenCV library is used extensively to demonstrate the viability of each algorithm and its performance. Initial testing is performed on a sequence of images using a stationary camera. Further testing is performed on a sequence of images such that the PTZ camera is moving in order to capture the moving object. Comparisons are made based upon accuracy, speed and memory. C1 [Doyle, Daniel D.; Black, Jonathan T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doyle, DD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.doyle@afit.edu; jonathan.black@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9073-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8395 AR 83950O DI 10.1117/12.918452 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAK71 UT WOS:000304452600019 ER PT J AU Haverhals, LM Nevin, LM Foley, MP Brown, EK De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Nevin, Laura M. Foley, Matthew P. Brown, E. Kathryn De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Fluorescence monitoring of ionic liquid-facilitated biopolymer mobilization and reorganization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE; FIBERS AB Ionic liquid-facilitated mobilization and reorganization of biopolymers in natural fibrous materials is visualized by confocal fluorescent spectromicroscopy. Ionic liquid-based processes controllably fuse adjacent fibres while simultaneously leaving selected amounts of biopolymers in their native states. These processes generate congealed materials with extended intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks and enhanced properties. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Nevin, Laura M.; Foley, Matthew P.; Brown, E. Kathryn; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,MS-9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U.S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Air Force or the U.S. Navy. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 51 BP 6417 EP 6419 DI 10.1039/c2cc31507f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 949VY UT WOS:000304605700029 ER PT S AU Goltz, MN Christ, JA AF Goltz, Mark N. Christ, John A. BE Kitanidis, PK McCarty, PL TI RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS SO DELIVERY AND MIXING IN THE SUBSURFACE: PROCESSES AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR IN SITU REMEDIATION SE SERDP ESTCP Remediation Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; FULL-SCALE BIOCURTAIN; CAPTURE ZONE; GROUND-WATER; COMETABOLIC DEGRADATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CIRCULATION WELLS; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; DIPOLE FLOW; REMEDIATION C1 [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1869-6864 BN 978-1-4614-2239-6 J9 SERDP ESTCP REMEDIAT PY 2012 BP 139 EP 168 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6 PG 30 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BZZ19 UT WOS:000303409300006 ER PT S AU Abriola, LM Christ, JA Pennell, KD Ramsburg, CA AF Abriola, L. M. Christ, J. A. Pennell, K. D. Ramsburg, C. A. BE Kitanidis, PK McCarty, PL TI SOURCE REMEDIATION CHALLENGES SO DELIVERY AND MIXING IN THE SUBSURFACE: PROCESSES AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR IN SITU REMEDIATION SE SERDP ESTCP Remediation Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; DNAPL SOURCE ZONES; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; PARTITIONING TRACER TESTS; MICROBIAL REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CONTAMINANT MASS DISCHARGE; BACHMAN ROAD SITE; SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SOLUBILIZATION; ACTIVATED PERSULFATE OXIDATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS C1 [Abriola, L. M.; Pennell, K. D.; Ramsburg, C. A.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Christ, J. A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abriola, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Ramsburg, Andrew/A-8532-2008 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; Ramsburg, Andrew/0000-0002-7138-6575 NR 188 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1869-6864 BN 978-1-4614-2239-6; 978-1-4614-2238-9 J9 SERDP ESTCP REMEDIAT PY 2012 BP 239 EP 276 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6 PG 38 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BZZ19 UT WOS:000303409300010 ER PT J AU Guler, CU Johnson, AW Cooper, M AF Gueler, Caglar Utku Johnson, Alan W. Cooper, Martha TI Case Study: Energy Industry Economic Impacts from Ohio River Transportation Disruption SO ENGINEERING ECONOMIST LA English DT Article ID NETWORK VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS; FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; FLOW NETWORKS; MODELS; DEMAND; CHOICE; INFRASTRUCTURE; ELASTICITIES; DEREGULATION AB Recent history is full of water transport disruption events that have had significant economic effects on the waterside industries. Such disruptions may be either natural or man-made disasters or planned outages on the river's lock and dam structures. To assess coal-based economic impacts for the Ohio River Basin, we developed a network flow model to represent waterside coal-fired power plants situated along the Ohio River, their respective coal supplying mines, and the various transportationmodes that connect them. We show that significant transportation-centric insights can be derived by using only commonly available spreadsheet-based analysis tools, open-source information systems, and web-based geographic tools. C1 [Gueler, Caglar Utku; Johnson, Alan W.; Cooper, Martha] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cooper, Martha] Ohio State Univ, Fisher Coll Business, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Johnson@afit.edu NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0013-791X J9 ENG ECON JI Eng. Econ. PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 77 EP 100 DI 10.1080/0013791X.2012.677114 PG 24 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 948AD UT WOS:000304474900001 ER PT J AU Heltzel, A Mishra, C Ruoff, RS Fleming, A AF Heltzel, Alex Mishra, Columbia Ruoff, Rodney S. Fleming, Andrew TI Analysis of an Ultrathin Graphite-Based Compact Heat Exchanger SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS; LARGE-AREA; FLOW; FILMS; TRANSPORT; SINK AB The emerging production of ultrathin graphite material is applied to thermal management in a numerical comparison of aluminum and graphite-based plate-fin heat exchangers. Considering anisotropic thermal conductivity in which out-of-plane transport is about two orders of magnitude lower than in-plane values, the ultrathin graphite-based solution outperforms aluminum by rejecting up to 20% more heat on a volumetric basis. Thermal and hydraulic performance is characterized for both solutions over a range of airflow rates in a notional water/air device. Laminar through fully turbulent regimes are considered. Steady and unsteady three-dimensional (3-D) conjugate simulations reveal a faster equilibration rate for the ultrathin graphite-based solution, minimizing thermal lag that must be accounted for in on-demand electronics cooling. Fin optimization studies predict equivalent conductance with graphite at one-tenth the thickness of aluminum. The combination of improved heat rejection, rapid response rate, and low material density make an ultrathin graphite-based solution uniquely suited to aerospace thermal management. C1 [Heltzel, Alex] PC Krause & Associates Inc, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Mishra, Columbia; Ruoff, Rodney S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ruoff, Rodney S.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fleming, Andrew] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heltzel, A (reprint author), PC Krause & Associates Inc, 3000 Kent Ave,Suite C1-100, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM heltzel@pcka.com RI Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015 FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-09-C-2004]; University of Texas at Austin FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Air Force under contract FA8650-09-C-2004. Columbia Mishra and Rodney S. Ruoff appreciate support from startup funds from the University of Texas at Austin to Rodney S. Ruoff. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0145-7632 J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG JI Heat Transf. Eng. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 11 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1080/01457632.2012.654727 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 949RM UT WOS:000304593500003 ER PT B AU Schoeppner, GA Tillman, MS AF Schoeppner, Gregory A. Tillman, Matthew S. BE Pochiraju, KV Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA TI Composite Structures Durability Design and Substantiation SO LONG-TERM DURABILITY OF POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DAMAGE TOLERANCE AB An overview of the durability design requirements and substantiation approaches, with an emphasis on aerospace applications, is provided in this chapter. The service history of both commercial and military composite aircraft structures has provided numerous examples of both good and bad designs from which current design specification and guidance are derived. Issues to be considered in the design of composites used in primary and secondary composite structures including corrosion prevention measures associated with joining composite and metallic components are described. Design details, material selection, and demonstration that designs meet performance criteria are dependent on a structure's thermal and mechanical loading environments, service and economic life requirements, manufacturing constraints, and inspectability requirements. Based on an assessment of the durability of composite materials at the coupon level through modeling and testing, a description of the building block approach used to validate durability predictions of elements, subcomponents, components, and full-scale structural testing is given. The unique requirements for developing load spectra for accelerated full-scale durability testing for both composite and combined composite/metallic structures are discussed. C1 [Schoeppner, Gregory A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM greg.schoeppner@wpafb.af.mil; greg.schoeppner@wpafb.af.mil NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9307-6 PY 2012 BP 427 EP 481 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3 PG 55 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BYK63 UT WOS:000299174800011 ER PT B AU Foster, DC AF Foster, Dean C. BE Pochiraju, KV Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA TI Composite Durability and Aging in Civil Infrastructures SO LONG-TERM DURABILITY OF POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONCRETE AB As composite materials are finding increasing use in infrastructure projects, their durability over the life span of a structure needs to be quantified. The design life for a typical bridge is 50 years or more. As infrastructure demand is outstripping resources, the life of a bridge can exceed 75 years and sometimes approach 100 years. Additionally with the introduction of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures, ACI 440.2R-02, allowable stress knockdown factors are incorporated into the design guidelines for exposure to the environment. Consequently, in order to have high confidence that composite material systems, utilized as either structural component parts or for the strengthening of structures, will last the remaining life of the structure, the degradation mechanisms due to exposure to the natural environment must be known. Thus, effects clue to the freeze thaw cycles, de-icing chemicals, humidity, UV radiation, and erosion on the material behaviors need to be studied in order to establish proper design methodologies to account for these conditions over the life of the structure. This chapter will highlight the recent research for understanding composite material behavior when subjected to the naturally occurring environmental conditions. It will also highlight design methodologies suggested in the literature to properly account for these exposures over the structures' lifetime. C1 USAF, Composite & Hybrid Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, DC (reprint author), USAF, Composite & Hybrid Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Dean.Foster@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9307-6 PY 2012 BP 625 EP 656 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3 PG 32 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BYK63 UT WOS:000299174800016 ER PT S AU MacKunis, W Curtis, JW Berg-Yuen, PEK AF MacKunis, William Curtis, J. Willard Berg-Yuen, Pia E. K. BE Boginski, VL Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ye, Y TI Optimal Estimation of Multidimensional Data with Limited Measurements SO SENSORS: THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMUNICATION BANDWIDTH CONSTRAINTS; INFORMATION FEEDBACK; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION; ENTROPY; CHANNELS AB Recent results indicate how to optimally schedule transmissions of a measurement to a remote estimator when there are limited uses of the communication channel available. The resulting optimal encoder and estimation policies solve an important problem in networked control systems when bandwidth is limited. Previous results were obtained only for scalar processes, and the previous work was unable to address questions regarding informational relevance. We extend the state-of-the art by treating the case where the source process and measurements are multidimensional. To this end, we develop a nontrivial re-working of the underlying proofs. Specifically, we develop optimal encoder policies for Gaussian and Gauss Markov measurement processes by utilizing a measure of the informational value of the source data. Explicit expressions for optimal hyper-ellipsoidal regions are derived and utilized in these encoder policies. Interestingly, it is shown in this chapter that analytical expressions for the hyper-ellipsoids exist only when the state's dimension is even; in odd dimensions (as in the scalar case) the solution requires a numerical look up (e.g., use of the erf function). We have also extended the previous analyses by introducing a weighting matrix in the quadratic cumulative cost function, whose purpose is to allow the system designer to designate which states are more important or relevant to total system performance. C1 [MacKunis, William] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Curtis, J. Willard; Berg-Yuen, Pia E. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP MacKunis, W (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM mackunis@gmail.com; jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil; piagreg@cox.net NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-88618-3 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2012 VL 61 BP 57 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BZC60 UT WOS:000301099400004 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Pham, KD AF Pachter, Meir Pham, Khanh D. BE Boginski, VL Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ye, Y TI Information Patterns in Discrete-Time Linear-Quadratic Dynamic Games SO SENSORS: THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Dynamic Games; Information pattern; Linear-Quadratic Control AB Information - who knows what, when - plays a critical role in game theory, and, in particular, in dynamic games. Thus, dynamic game theory is an ideal vehicle for exploring the interplay of dynamics and information. We confine our attention to discrete-time Linear-Quadratic Dynamic Games (LQDGs) which have the distinct advantage of readily being amenable to analysis without having to overcome conceptual and technical difficulties, closed-form results are possible, and one is in tune with modern digital signal processing techniques. In this chapter a hierarchy of discrete-time LQDGs are characterized by a sequence of information patterns which increase in complexity is analyzed and an insight into the Dynamics of Information Systems is obtained. C1 [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu; khanh.pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-88618-3 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2012 VL 61 BP 83 EP 117 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0 PG 35 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BZC60 UT WOS:000301099400005 ER PT S AU Soloviev, A Miller, MM AF Soloviev, Andrey Miller, Mikel M. BE Boginski, VL Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ye, Y TI Navigation in Difficult Environments: Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniques SO SENSORS: THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter focuses on multi-sensor fusion for navigation in difficult environments where none of the existing navigation technologies can satisfy requirements for accurate and reliable navigation if used in a stand-alone mode. A generic multi-sensor fusion approach is presented. This approach builds the navigation mechanization around a self-contained inertial navigator, which is used as a core sensor. Other sensors generally derive navigation-related measurements from external signals, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and signals of opportunity (SoOP), or external observations, for example, features extracted from images of laser scanners and video cameras. Depending on a specific navigation mission, these measurements may or may not be available. Therefore, externally-dependent sources of navigation information (including GNSS, SoOP, laser scanners, video cameras, pseudolites, Doppler radars, etc.) are treated as secondary sensors. When available, measurements of a secondary sensor or sensors are utilized to reduce drift in inertial navigation outputs. Inertial data are applied to improve the robustness of secondary sensors' signal processing. Applications of the multi-sensor fusion approach are illustrated in detail for two case studies: (1) integration of Global Positioning System (GPS), laser scanner, and inertial navigation; and, (2) fusion of laser scanner, video camera, and inertial measurements. Experimental and simulation results are presented to illustrate performance of multi-sensor fusion algorithms. C1 [Soloviev, Andrey] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Miller, Mikel M.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Soloviev, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM soloviev@ufl.edu; mikel.miller@eglin.af.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-88618-3 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2012 VL 61 BP 199 EP 229 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0_9 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BZC60 UT WOS:000301099400009 ER PT S AU Crowley, MT Naderi, NA Su, H Grillot, F Lester, LF AF Crowley, Mark T. Naderi, Nader A. Su, Hui Grillot, Frederic Lester, Luke F. BE Coleman, JJ Bryce, AC Jagadish, C TI GaAs-Based Quantum Dot Lasers SO ADVANCES IN SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; 1.3 MU-M; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; THRESHOLD CURRENT-DENSITY; SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; TUNNELING INJECTION-LASER; SMALL-SIGNAL MODULATION; DOPED ACTIVE-REGION; DFB LASERS; BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT C1 [Crowley, Mark T.; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Naderi, Nader A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Su, Hui] Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Grillot, Frederic] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Inst Natl Sci Appl, CNRS FOTON, Rennes, France. [Grillot, Frederic] Telecom Paristech, Ecole Natl Super Telecommun, CNRS LTCI, Paris, France. RP Crowley, MT (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 NR 137 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 978-0-12-391066-0 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2012 VL 86 BP 371 EP 417 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-391066-0.00010-1 PG 47 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BAH69 UT WOS:000304180500010 ER PT S AU Reynolds, WD Doyle, D Arritt, B AF Reynolds, Whitney D. Doyle, Derek Arritt, Brandon BE Kundu, T TI Structural Assurance Testing for Post-Shipping Satellite Inspection SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE structural health monitoring; satellite damage inspection AB Current satellite transportation sensors can provide a binary indication of the acceleration or shock that a satellite has experienced during the shipping process but do little to identify if significant structural change has occurred in the satellite and where it may be located. When a sensor indicates that the satellite has experienced shock during transit, an extensive testing process begins to evaluate the satellite functionality. If errors occur during the functional checkout, extensive physical inspection of the structure follows. In this work an alternate method for inspecting satellites for structural defects after shipping is presented. Electro-Mechanical Impedance measurements are used as an indication of the structural state. In partnership with the Air Force Research Laboratory University Nanosatellite Program, Cornell's CUSat mass model was instrumented with piezoelectric transducers and tested under several structural damage scenarios. A method for detecting and locating changes in the structure using EMI data is presented. C1 [Reynolds, Whitney D.; Doyle, Derek; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reynolds, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9005-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8348 AR 83481I DI 10.1117/12.915208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAH79 UT WOS:000304193700045 ER PT J AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Grimaila, M Mullins, B AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Grimaila, Michael Mullins, Barry TI Exploring Extant and Emerging Issues in Anonymous Networks: A Taxonomy and Survey of Protocols and Metrics SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS LA English DT Article DE Anonymity; security; taxonomy; wireless networks; wired networks; anonymity metrics ID AD HOC NETWORKS; AUTHENTICATED KEY EXCHANGE; LOCATION PRIVACY; ROUTING PROTOCOL; SENSOR NETWORKS; MOBILE; COMMUNICATION; SCHEME; ATTACKS AB The desire to preserve privacy in cyberspace drives research in the area of anonymous networks. Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating cyber attacks. As part of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, the United States acknowledges that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Indeed, today's Internet is an incredibly effective, uncontrolled weapon for eavesdropping and spying. Therefore, anonymity and privacy are increasingly important issues. A plethora of existing or proposed anonymous networks achieve diverse levels of anonymity against a variety of adversarial attacks. However, no known taxonomy provides a comprehensive classification of the varied set of wired, wireless, and hybrid anonymous communications networks. We develop a novel cubic taxonomy to facilitate the systematic definition and classification of anonymity in anonymous communications networks. Three key anonymity components: anonymity property, adversary capability, and network type are thoroughly explored. More importantly, an in-depth description of a new tree-based taxonomy for the state-of-the-art in wireless anonymous protocols is offered. For completeness, a tree-based taxonomy of wired and hybrid anonymous protocols are also provided. Lastly, several evolving anonymity metrics which quantify anonymity preservation, degradation, and elimination in existing and future anonymous networks are examined. Hence, this paper explores extant and emerging issues in anonymous networks via an intuitive taxonomy and surveys anonymous protocols and quantifiable metrics essential for any entity determined to assure anonymity and preserve privacy in cyberspace against an adversary. C1 [Kelly, Douglas] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Grimaila, Michael; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Dou-glas.Kelly@wpafb.af.mil NR 124 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1553-877X J9 IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT JI IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 579 EP 606 DI 10.1109/SURV.2011.042011.00080 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 940LH UT WOS:000303890500020 ER PT J AU Gross, KC Hadad, CM Seybold, PG AF Gross, Kevin C. Hadad, Christopher M. Seybold, Paul G. TI Charge Competition in Halogenated Hydrocarbons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology and Pharmacology CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2011 CL St Simons Isl, GA SP Univ Florida, John Wiley & Sons, AF off Sci Res (AFOSR), Army Res Off (ARO), Dept Energy (DOE), Off Naval Res (ONR), Q-Chem, Royal Soc Chem, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Res & Grad Programs, Drs Andrew & Anne McCammon, Quantum Theory Project DE partial atomic charges; electrostatic potential maps; electronegativity; charge capacity; halogenated hydrocarbons ID SIGMA-HOLE; ORBITAL ELECTRONEGATIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POPULATION ANALYSIS; ATOMIC CHARGES; PK(A); EQUALIZATION; PHENOLS AB The distribution of electronic charge in a molecule plays a major role in determining the molecule's physical, chemical, and biological properties. For studies of charge distributions, halogenated hydrocarbons are especially informative prototype systems, because the overall charge distributions depend strongly on both the identities and relative positions of the halogen substituents. In this report, we examine how the placement and identities of the halogen substituents affect the natural population analysis, atoms in molecules, and Gasteiger partial atomic charge distributions in representative saturated (methanes and ethanes), unsaturated (ethylenes), and aromatic (benzenes) halogenated hydrocarbons, using density functional calculations. The results are interpreted in terms of the electronegativities and the charge capacities of the halogens. The relationships of these charge distributions to the electrostatic potential maps of the compounds are also explored. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 112: 219-229, 2012 C1 [Gross, Kevin C.; Seybold, Paul G.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hadad, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Seybold, PG (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM paul.seybold@wright.edu OI Hadad, Christopher/0000-0003-1211-4315 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 1 SI SI BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1002/qua.23223 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 947DA UT WOS:000304405800025 ER PT J AU Reshetnyak, VY Pinkevych, IP Cook, G Evans, DR Sluckin, TJ AF Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Pinkevych, I. P. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. Sluckin, T. J. TI Two-Beam Energy Exchange in a Hybrid Photorefractive Inorganic-Cholesteric Cell SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; BEAM AMPLIFICATION; HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; LIGHT AB We develop a theoretical model to describe two-beam energy exchange in a hybrid photorefractive inorganic-cholesteric cell. A cholesteric LC cell is placed between two inorganic photorefractive windows. Weak and strong light beams are incident on the LC cell. The interfering light beams induce a periodic space-charge field in the photorefractive windows. This penetrates into the LC, inducing a diffraction grating written on the LC director. The theory calculates the energy gain of the weak beam, as a result of its interaction with the pump beam within the diffraction grating. In the theory, the flexoelectric mechanism for electric field-director coupling is a more important than the LC static dielectric anisotropy coupling. The flexoelectric polarization in the bulk LC follows from the initial director pretilt at the cell substrates and is the main physical mechanism governing the magnitude of the director grating and the two-beam coupling. The LC optics is described in the Bragg regime. Theoretical results for exponential gain coefficients have been compared with experimental results for hybrid cells filled with cholesteric mixtures TL205/CB15 and BL038/CB15. In order to reconcile theory and experiment, we require that (a) the magnitude of the director grating must be cubic rather than linear in the space-charge field, and (b) near the cell surface, nematic ordering must dominate. Within this paradigm, we are able to fit experimental data to theory for both cholesteric mixtures, subject to the use of some fitting parameters. C1 [Sluckin, T. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.; Pinkevych, I. P.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sluckin, TJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM T.J.Sluckin@soton.ac.uk RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008; Sluckin, Tim/G-4005-2013 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814; Sluckin, Tim/0000-0002-9163-0061 FU EOARD [078001] FX This work has been partially supported by EOARD Grant 078001(V.Y.R. and I.P.P.). Some of the work was carried out in the Department of Physics at the University of Maribor, Slovenia. T.J. Sluckin thanks the Department of Education of the Republic of Slovenia for a visiting professorship enabling this visit. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2012 VL 560 SI SI BP 8 EP 22 DI 10.1080/15421406.2012.661950 PG 15 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 945MP UT WOS:000304278300002 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Duning, MM Natarajan, LV Voevodin, AA Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Duning, Madeline M. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Voevodin, Anastasia A. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Tuning of the Reflection Properties of Templated Cholesteric Liquid Crystals using Phase Transitions SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE Cholesteric LC; LC gel; phase transition; temperature tuning; templated polymer; wavelength tuning ID POLYMER GELS; SOLVENTS AB The magnitude of the color changes induced by heating chiral templated polymer structures formed in spatially heterogeneous cells is examined. The large blue and subsequent red tuning of the selective reflection wavelength, caused by deswelling/reswelling of the network at the transition temperatures, is affected by the network crosslink density, heating/cooling rates, and architecture of the cell. The system is stable to multiple heat/cool cycles and shows large scale coloration changes at heating rates up to 10 degrees C/min. At higher heating rates, a distortion of the selective reflection notch shape occurs during tuning. The magnitude of the color change is not affected by rate. At both high and low crosslink density, no tuning is observed. A window of network elasticity and responsiveness is needed to enable the anisotropic contraction/expansion processes to be observed macroscopically. Finally, the magnitude of tuning relative to the cell thickness and spatial heterogeneity across the thickness direction is explored. In thin cells, the tuning range was substantially diminished. C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Duning, Madeline M.; Voevodin, Anastasia A.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2012 VL 559 SI SI BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1080/15421406.2012.658699 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 945MJ UT WOS:000304277600013 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Donoghue, J Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M AF Khoury, Jed Donoghue, John Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambarian, Nasser Yamamoto, Michiharu BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Characterization of optical correlation via dynamic range compression using organic photorefractive materials SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXIII CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pattern Recognition; optical processing; photorefractive; organic materials ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; RADAR IMAGE CORRELATION; SCATTERING CENTERS; DECONVOLUTION; RECOGNITION AB In prior work, we demonstrate optical correlation via dynamic range compression in two-beam coupling using thin-film organic materials. In this paper, we continue the effort; characterize the performance of this correlator for variety of input. We successfully demonstrated correlation results almost free of cross-correlation and noise for extremely complicated noisy image were the signal image consist of several targets and reference image superposed of many templates. C1 [Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9076-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8398 AR 83980L DI 10.1117/12.923371 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000304343500019 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Donoghue, J Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambariand, N Yamamotoe, M AF Khoury, Jed Donoghue, John Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambariand, Nasser Yamamotoe, Michiharu BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Adaptive Filtering With Organic Photorefractive Materials Via Four-Wave Mixing SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXIII CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photorefractive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optical nonlinearities in organic Materials ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB In prior work, we exploited the nonlinearity inherent in four-wave mixing in organic photorefractive materials for adaptive filtering. In this paper, we extend our work further and demonstrate new applications which involve: dislocation, scratches and defect enhancement. With the availability of the organic photorefractive materials with large space-bandwidth product, it should open the possibility of using the adaptive filtering techniques in quality control systems. C1 [Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9076-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8398 AR 83980F DI 10.1117/12.923369 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000304343500013 ER PT J AU Lyon, DR Gunzelmann, GM AF Lyon, Don R. Gunzelmann, Glenn M. TI Functional equivalence and spatial path memory (vol 64, pg 2081, 2011) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lyon, Don R.] USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gunzelmann, Glenn M.] USAF, Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyon, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM don.lyon@l-3com.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1747-0218 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 613 EP 613 DI 10.1080/17470218.2012.668370 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 945ZF UT WOS:000304316200017 ER PT J AU Paznukhov, VV Carrano, CS Doherty, PH Groves, KM Caton, RG Valladares, CE Seemala, GK Bridgwood, CT Adeniyi, J Amaeshi, LLN Damtie, B Mutonyi, FD Ndeda, JOH Baki, P Obrou, OK Okere, B Tsidu, GM AF Paznukhov, V. V. Carrano, C. S. Doherty, P. H. Groves, K. M. Caton, R. G. Valladares, C. E. Seemala, G. K. Bridgwood, C. T. Adeniyi, J. Amaeshi, L. L. N. Damtie, B. Mutonyi, F. D'Ujanga Ndeda, J. O. H. Baki, P. Obrou, O. K. Okere, B. Tsidu, G. M. TI Equatorial plasma bubbles and L-band scintillations in Africa during solar minimum SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Equatorial ionosphere; Ionospheric irregularities; Radio science; Space and satellite communication ID SPREAD-F; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; IONOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; DMSP AB We report on the longitudinal, local time and seasonal occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and L band (GPS) scintillations over equatorial Africa. The measurements were made in 2010, as a first step toward establishing the climatology of ionospheric irregularities over Africa. The scintillation intensity is obtained by measuring the standard deviation of normalized GPS signal power. The EPBs are detected using an automated technique, where spectral analysis is used to extract and identify EPB events from the GPS TEC measurements. Overall, the observed seasonal climatology of the EPBs as well as GPS scintillations in equatorial Africa is adequately explained by geometric arguments, i.e., by the alignment of the solar terminator and local geomagnetic field, or STBA hypothesis (Tsunoda, 1985, 2010a). While plasma bubbles and scintillations are primarily observed during equinoctial periods, there are longitudinal differences in their seasonal occurrence statistics. The Atlantic sector has the most intense, longest lasting, and highest scintillation occurrence rate in-season. There is also a pronounced increase in the EPB occurrence rate during the June solstice moving west to east. In Africa, the seasonal occurrence shifts towards boreal summer solstice, with fewer occurrences and shorter durations in equinox seasons. Our results also suggest that the occurrence of plasma bubbles and GPS scintillations over Africa are well correlated, with scintillation intensity depending on depletion depth. A question remains about the possible physical mechanisms responsible for the difference in the occurrence phenomenology of EPBs and GPS scintillations between different regions in equatorial Africa. C1 [Paznukhov, V. V.; Carrano, C. S.; Doherty, P. H.; Valladares, C. E.; Seemala, G. K.; Bridgwood, C. T.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Groves, K. M.; Caton, R. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Adeniyi, J.] Univ Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. [Amaeshi, L. L. N.] Univ Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. [Damtie, B.] Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Mutonyi, F. D'Ujanga] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Ndeda, J. O. H.] Jomo Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya. [Baki, P.] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Obrou, O. K.] Univ Cocody Abidjan, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Okere, B.] Univ Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. [Tsidu, G. M.] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Paznukhov, VV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM vadym.paznukhov@bc.edu RI Seemala, Gopi/J-7050-2012 OI Seemala, Gopi/0000-0002-3690-7873 FU AFOSR FX The authors are grateful to have received support from AFOSR for this work. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-675-2012 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942PL UT WOS:000304058000004 ER PT J AU Mao, XY Wang, W Sun, H Lu, YL Chen, XB AF Mao, Xiangyu Wang, Wei Sun, Hui Lu, Yalin Chen, Xiaobing TI Structural, Magnetic and Ferroelectric Properties of Bi5FeTi3O15 and Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 Ceramics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Aurivillius phases; multiferroic; ceramics; Raman shift ID BISMUTH TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; RAMAN AB The compounds Bi5FeTi3O15 (BFTO) and Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 (BFCT) were prepared by incorporating BiFeO3(BFO) and BiFe0.5Co0.5O3 (BFCO) into the host Bi4Ti3O12 using the solid state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction and Raman shift data indicate that the as-prepared materials are of the four-layer Aurivillius phases. At room temperature, the half substitution of Fe-O layer by Co-O layer is found to result in the increase in the 2P(r) by about 35% and simultaneously the decrease in 2E(c) by about 41%, respectively. The magnetic moment at least tripled its value by substituting half Fe ions by Co ions. The remnant magnetization (2M(r)) and the coercive field (2H(c)) were about 7.8 memu/g and 410 Oe, respectively. C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Wang, Wei; Sun, Hui; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Leser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. EM xbchen@yzu.edu.cn RI Sun, Hui/L-2826-2015 FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [10274066]; Jiangsu Province Department of Education [08KJB140011]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 10274066) and Jiangsu Province Department of Education (Grant No. 08KJB140011). Professor Lu appreciates the support from U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2012 VL 132 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1080/10584587.2012.660420 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 936CM UT WOS:000303568500004 ER PT S AU Robin, C Dajani, I Zeringue, C Ward, B Lanari, A AF Robin, Craig Dajani, Iyad Zeringue, Clint Ward, Benjamin Lanari, Ann BE Honea, EC Hendow, ST TI Gain-tailored SBS suppressing photonic crystal fibers for high power applications SO FIBER LASERS IX: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers IX - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx, Inc DE Fiber laser; stimulated Brillouin scattering; modal instabilities; photonic crystal fiber ID AMPLIFIERS; THRESHOLD AB We present experimental studies of PM Yb-doped photonic crystal fibers possessing acoustic and Yb-ion concentration tailoring. In the initial design, the concentration of dopants in two regions of the core were selected such that the corresponding Brillouin shifts were sufficiently separated to allow for further stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression through thermal effects. The Yb-ion concentration was maintained uniformly throughout the entire core. When this fiber was utilized in a counter-pumped amplifier configuration, similar to 500 W of single-frequency (kHz linewidth) output was obtained in a 10 m long fiber. Further power scaling with good beam quality beyond 500 W was limited by modal instabilities. A second fiber design was developed in which the Yb-ion concentration was modified to have preferential overlap with the fundamental mode as well as reduced pump absorption. The onset of the modal instabilities was sufficiently suppressed to allow for an output of 990 W with a nominal linewidth of 300 MHz and good beam quality. C1 [Robin, Craig; Dajani, Iyad; Zeringue, Clint; Lanari, Ann] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robin, C (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8880-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8237 AR 82371D DI 10.1117/12.910324 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BZR74 UT WOS:000302609600036 ER PT S AU Wagner, TJ AF Wagner, T. J. BE Honea, EC Hendow, ST TI Fiber laser beam combining and power scaling progress, Air Force Research Laboratory Laser Division SO FIBER LASERS IX: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers IX - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx, Inc DE Fiber laser; beam combining; fiber isolator ID HIGH-AVERAGE-POWER; FREQUENCY DITHERING TECHNIQUE; COHERENT BEAM; AMPLIFIER ARRAY; OUTPUT POWER; SINGLE; COMBINATION; KW; MOPA; WAVE AB Numerous achievements have been made recently by researchers in the areas of fiber laser beam combining and power scaling. Industry has demonstrated multi-kW power from a single fiber amplifier, and a US national laboratory has coherently combined eight fiber amplifiers totaling 4 kW. This paper will survey the recent literature and then focus on fiber laser results from the Laser Division, Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Progress has been made in the power scaling of narrow-linewidth fiber amplifiers, and we are transitioning lessons learned from PCF power scaling into monolithic architectures. SBS suppression has been achieved using a variety of techniques to lower the Brillioun gain, including acoustically tailored fiber, laser gain competition resulting from multi-tone seeding and inducing a longitudinal thermal gradient. We recently demonstrated a 32-channel coherent beam combination result using AFRL's phaselocking technique and are focused on exploring the limitations of this technique including linewidth broadening, kW-induced phase nonlinearities and auto-tuning methods for large channel counts. Additionally, we have recently refurbished our High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office-sponsored 16-amplifier fiber testbed to meet strict PER, spatial drift, power stability and beam quality requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. RP Wagner, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8880-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8237 AR 823718 DI 10.1117/12.912154 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BZR74 UT WOS:000302609600031 ER PT J AU Schuessler, JM AF Schuessler, John M. TI Shaping Strategy: The Civil-Military Politics of Strategic Assessment SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schuessler, John M.] US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Schuessler, JM (reprint author), US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 936BT UT WOS:000303566600008 ER PT J AU Fechter, LD Fisher, JW Chapman, GD Mokashi, VP Ortiz, PA Reboulet, JE Stubbs, JE Lear, AM McInturf, SM Prues, SL Gearhart, CA Fulton, S Mattie, DR AF Fechter, L. D. Fisher, J. W. Chapman, G. D. Mokashi, V. P. Ortiz, P. A. Reboulet, J. E. Stubbs, J. E. Lear, A. M. McInturf, S. M. Prues, S. L. Gearhart, C. A. Fulton, S. Mattie, D. R. TI SUBCHRONIC JP-8 JET FUEL EXPOSURE ENHANCES VULNERABILITY TO NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ETHYL BENZENE; INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TOLUENE; STYRENE; POTENTIATION; ACRYLONITRILE; PROMOTION; WORKERS AB Both laboratory and epidemiological studies published over the past two decades have identified the risk of excess hearing loss when specific chemical contaminants are present along with noise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of JP-8 jet fuel to enhance noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) using inhalation exposure to fuel and simultaneous exposure to either continuous or intermittent noise exposure over a 4-wk exposure period using both male and female Fischer 344 rats. In the initial study, male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) rats received inhalation exposure to JP-8 fuel for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 4 wk at concentrations of 200, 750, or 1500 mg/m(3). Parallel groups of rats also received nondamaging noise (constant octave band noise at 85 dB(lin)) in combination with the fuel, noise alone (75, 85, or 95 dB), or no exposure to fuel or noise. Significant concentration-related impairment of auditory function measured by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and compound action potential (CAP) threshold was seen in rats exposed to combined JP-8 plus noise exposure when JP-8 levels of 1500 mg/m(3) were presented with trends toward impairment seen with 750 mg/m(3) JP-8 + noise. JP-8 alone exerted no significant effect on auditory function. In addition, noise was able to disrupt the DPOAE and increase auditory thresholds only when noise exposure was at 95 dB. In a subsequent study, male (n = 5 per group) and female (n = 5 per group) rats received 1000 mg/m(3) JP-8 for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 4 wk with and without exposure to 102 dB octave band noise that was present for 15 min out of each hour (total noise duration 90 min). Comparisons were made to rats receiving only noise, and those C1 [Fechter, L. D.; Gearhart, C. A.; Fulton, S.] Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. [Fisher, J. W.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Chapman, G. D.; Mokashi, V. P.; Ortiz, P. A.; Reboulet, J. E.; Lear, A. M.; McInturf, S. M.; Prues, S. L.] USN, Med Res Unit Dayton, Dayton, OH USA. [Stubbs, J. E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fechter, LD (reprint author), Loma Linda VA Med Ctr, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. EM larry.fechter@va.gov FU VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Service [6006, C4613L]; U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (SGR) [711 HPW/RHPB]; Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine; Jerry Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center; Navy work unit [61062] FX Support for this research was obtained from the VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Service under Merit award 6006 and Career Scientist Award C4613L. Support for this research was also obtained from the U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (SGR) and managed through 711 HPW/RHPB, Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Jerry Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, and Navy work unit number 61062. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, VA, U.S. FDA or the U.S. government. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. The authors are military service members (or employees of the U.S. government). This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States government. Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.652060 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 936ME UT WOS:000303593700004 PM 22409492 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Wang, DH Koerner, H Vaia, RA Tan, LS White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Wang, David H. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. TI Enhancement of Photogenerated Mechanical Force in Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azo compounds; mechanical properties; photochemistry; polarized spectroscopy; polymers ID PHOTOMOBILE POLYMER MATERIALS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL NETWORK ACTUATORS; PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; LIGHT; FILMS; ISOMERIZATION; PHOTODRIVEN; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 68 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4117 EP 4121 DI 10.1002/anie.201200726 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928RN UT WOS:000303001000022 PM 22407969 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Artyushkova, K Paravastu, AK Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Artyushkova, Kateryna Paravastu, Anant K. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Probing the molecular structure of antimicrobial peptide-mediated silica condensation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLY-L-LYSINE; PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NEUTRAL PH; POLYAMINES; SILICIFICATION; PROTONATION; PROTEIN; XPS; BIOSILICIFICATION AB The antimicrobial peptide KSL (KKVVFKVKFK) mediates the rapid condensation of tetramethyl orthosilicate to form silica nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to identify the molecular interactions between protein and silica on the surface of nanoparticles containing antimicrobial peptide and silica. Comparative high resolution spectral analysis between KSL peptide and KSL-catalyzed silica nanoparticles revealed that imidates are present in the KSL peptide backbone after silica formation. Supporting evidence for the presence of an imidate is provided by FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the amide I and V bands. XPS analysis also shows that side-chain amines of lysine do not interact with the silica product and the lack of association is supported further by N-15-Si-29 REDOR NMR. Quantitative analysis of XPS elemental spectra determined the silica O:Si ratio is 3.6 : 1, suggesting that the nuclei (sol) particles are not highly condensed structures. Results were supported using Si-29 CPMAS NMR to show that the majority of the silica is Q(2) groups. A proposed mechanism of rapid silicification with involvement of a peptide imidate is presented. C1 [Eby, D. Matthew] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Artyushkova, Kateryna] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Paravastu, Anant K.] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Paravastu, Anant K.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Eby, DM (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr,Bldg 1117, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM donald.eby.ctr@us.af.mil; kartyush@unm.edu; paravastu@eng.fsu.edu; glenn.johnson.8@us.af.mil RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 19 BP 9875 EP 9883 DI 10.1039/c2jm30837a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 931HN UT WOS:000303207100066 ER PT J AU Jensen, MN AF Jensen, Mark N. TI On Compromises and Rotten Compromises SO JOURNAL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Jensen, Mark N.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jensen, MN (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mark.jensen@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1740-4681 J9 J MORAL PHILOS JI J. Moral Philos. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1163/174552412X625790 PG 3 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 929YR UT WOS:000303102200010 ER PT J AU Geri, GA Williams, LA AF Geri, George A. Williams, Logan A. TI Perceptual assessment of laser-speckle contrast SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE Laser speckle; perceptual display standard; speckle size; speckle contrast ID IMAGES; NOISE; DISCRIMINATION; PROJECTOR; SYSTEM AB A procedure is described for perceptually assessing the effects of laser speckle on target discrimination in the context of developing a laser-display measurement standard. The perceptual approach avoids the difficulties inherent in assessing speckle contrast photometrically. Size thresholds for triangular test stimuli were obtained using an orientation discrimination task. Data were obtained for both a laser display and an LCD monitor using both a method of constant stimuli and a QUEST procedure. The identification threshold was 29% higher for the laser display. Given that the measured spatial resolutions of the displays were similar, the difference in threshold was attributed to the effects of laser speckle. Laser-speckle size was also estimated as part of the display calibration. For a chosen camera f-number, speckle-size data are necessary to determine the sensor pixel density required to photometrically estimate speckle contrast, and they may be useful for comparison with the data obtained using the perceptual procedure described here. Mean speckle size was estimated by scaling and normalizing the laser-speckle luminance and then determining the width of the associated autocorrelation function. It is proposed that a laser-display standard be developed based in part upon a comparison of task performance on the laser display to be evaluated and on a standard display. C1 [Geri, George A.] Link Simulat, Gilbert, AZ 85233 USA. [Williams, Logan A.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Williams, Logan A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geri, GA (reprint author), Link Simulat, 7 S Pueblo St, Gilbert, AZ 85233 USA. EM gageri@msn.com FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-05-D-6502] FX This work was supported by U.S. Air Force Contract FA8650-05-D-6502. The authors thank Tai Chi-Feng ( Link Simulation) for help with the MATLAB code used for data collection and analysis. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or of the U. S. Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1071-0922 EI 1938-3657 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1889/JSID20.1.22 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 914CC UT WOS:000301925300003 ER PT S AU Ager, TA Neel, CH Breaux, B Vineski, C Welle, E Lambert, D Chhabildas, LC AF Ager, T. A. Neel, C. H. Breaux, B. Vineski, C. Welle, E. Lambert, D. Chhabildas, L. C. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DETONATION PRODUCTS OF RSI-007 EXPLOSIVE SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE PMMA; Hugoniot; reshock AB PDV and VISAR have been employed to characterize the detonation products of a high-purity CL-20 based explosive. The explosive was part of an exploding foil initiator (EFI) detonator assembly in which the explosive was contained within a Kovar (Fe-Ni-Co alloy) cup. The back surface of the Kovar serves as the witness plate for interferometry measurements. Detailed reverberations corresponding to shock arrival and release are recorded on the witness plate and the isentropic release path of the explosive is inferred though the velocity history. Two separate window materials are bonded to the Kovar cup in subsequent experiments and are used to further refine the release states. C1 [Ager, T. A.; Neel, C. H.; Breaux, B.; Vineski, C.; Welle, E.; Lambert, D.; Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Ager, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686358 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300146 ER PT S AU Cooper, WL AF Cooper, W. L. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SHEAR STRESS MEASUREMENTS DURING HIGH-SPEED IMPACTS WITH SAND AND GLASS BEADS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Particulate; granular; high-speed; shear stress; shearing; impact AB Right-circular (phi 15 mm x 26 mm) and spherical (phi 10mm) projectiles were fired vertically-downward (300-1,000 m/s) into acrylic containers (phi 100-190 mm) containing either quartz Eglin sand or solid, amorphous glass beads. A variety of shearing conditions were observed; allowing estimation of stresses along the various shearing surfaces. Under certain conditions a false nose was formed of partially-crushed particles on the front of the projectile and the particulate media sheared along the false nose surface. The included angle of the false nose varies with impact velocity (up to a velocity of 375 m/s) and appears to be a residual artifact of initial impact conditions. An analytical model is presented to explain the false nose formation and stability during the projectile deceleration. Other impact conditions (especially on the front face of the spherical projectiles) resulted in shearing along the surface or surface abrasion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWMW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cooper, WL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWMW, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686556 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300344 ER PT S AU Dorgan, RJ Lee, RJ Sutherland, GT AF Dorgan, Robert J. Lee, Richard J. Sutherland, Gerrit T. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI PREDICTING RUN DISTANCES FOR A MODIFIED WEDGE TEST SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shear initiation; shock sensitivity; shock-to-detonation transition; PBXN-110 AB Simulations were used to aid in the development of a modified wedge test (MWT). This explosive sensitivity experiment allows the shockwave curvature to be defined in order to investigate the effect of combined shock-shear loading on sensitivity. Various widths of PBXN-110 donor slabs were used to define the shockwave curvature introduced to wedge samples of the same explosive. The donor slabs were initiated with a linewave generator and a Detasheet booster, and the shock wave was attenuated using a slab of PMMA. In developing simulations for these three material experiments, calibrations of the PBXN-110 ignition and growth model and of the PMMA constitutive model were investigated in order to choose between several models found in the literature. A calibration shot from the MWT was also used to demonstrate the appropriateness of the models selected. Experimental results were compared to CTH calculations to indicate if there were effects associated with highly curved shock fronts that could not be adequately predicted. The run distances predicted in CTH for the thicker donor slab compare very favorably with the actual experiments; however, for thinner donor slabs, the actual experimental results seem to suggest a more sensitive behavior than the simulations are able to capture. C1 [Dorgan, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lee, Richard J.] US Navy, Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit T.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dorgan, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under the Hard Target Defeat Program; Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB FX Funding was provided in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under the Hard Target Defeat Program. The Authors would like to thank Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB for her support and helpful discussions. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686329 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300117 ER PT S AU Fajardo, ME Fossum, EC Molek, CD Lewis, WK AF Fajardo, M. E. Fossum, E. C. Molek, C. D. Lewis, W. K. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI BENCHTOP ENERGETICS PROGRESS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE detonation; deflagration; TOFMS; laser ablation ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; DETONATION PRODUCTS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPANSION; CHEMISTRY AB We have constructed an apparatus for investigating the reactive chemical dynamics of mg-scale energetic materials samples. We seek to advance the understanding of the reaction kinetics of energetic materials, and of the chemical influences on energetic materials sensitivity. We employ direct laser irradiation, and indirect laser-driven shock, techniques to initiate thin-film explosive samples contained in a high-vacuum chamber. Expansion of the reacting flow into vacuum quenches the chemistry and preserves reaction intermediates for interrogation via time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). By rastering the sample coupon through the fixed laser beam focus, we generate hundreds of repetitive energetic events in a few minutes. A detonation wave passing through an organic explosive, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, C5H8N4O12), is remarkably efficient in converting the solid explosive into final thermodynamically-stable gaseous products (e.g. N-2, CO, CO2, H2O...). Termination of a detonation at an explosive-to-vacuum interface produces an expanding pulse of hyperthermal molecular species, with leading-edge velocities similar to 10 km/s. In contrast, deflagration (subsonic combustion) of PETN in vacuum produces mostly reaction intermediates, such as NO and NO2, with much slower molecular velocities; consistent with expansion-quenched thermal decomposition of PETN. We propose to exploit these differences in product chemical identities and molecular species velocities to provide a chemically-based diagnostic for distinguishing between "detonation-like" and deflagration events. We report recent progress towards the quantitative detection of hyperthermal neutral species produced by direct laser ablation of aluminum metal and of organic energetic materials, as a step towards demonstrating the ability to discriminate slow reaction intermediates from fast thermodynamically-stable final products. C1 [Fajardo, M. E.; Fossum, E. C.; Molek, C. D.] USAF, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div,Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Fossum, E. C.] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Natl Res Council Resident Res Associate, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lewis, W. K.] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Met & Ceram Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div,Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU [96ABW-2011-0365] FX This manuscript is approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. 96ABW-2011-0365. The authors thank 1Lt Rachel M. Nep (USAF) for her help preparing energetic materials samples, and for valuable comments. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686258 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300046 ER PT S AU Fossum, EC Molek, CD Lewis, WK Fajardo, ME AF Fossum, E. C. Molek, C. D. Lewis, W. K. Fajardo, M. E. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI BENCHTOP ENERGETICS: DETECTION OF HYPERTHERMAL SPECIES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Detonation; deflagration; TOFMS; laser ablation; laser initiation ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE AB We present a novel scheme for monitoring the transition between deflagration and "detonation-like" behavior of small-scale explosive samples subjected to shock stimuli. The intended geometry for this setup incorporates a laser-driven-flyer impact technique to generate a pure mechanical input. However, we report results here using a simplified geometry for purposes of evaluating the time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOFMS) diagnostics using direct laser ablation of solid aluminum and of an aluminum mirror coated with a small amount (similar to 1 mu g) of PETN. This manuscript presents the TOFMS detection of fast aluminum atoms (> 10 km/s) resulting from laser ablation, confirming our ability to detect hyperthermal species. Preliminary results from pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) experiments reveal a transition from species consistent with deflagration (primarily NO2) at low laser fluence, to those consistent with detonation-like events (N-2, CO, CO2) at higher laser fluence. At this time, due to several unknown parameters in the current setup, we will not posit the exact physical details which cause this transition (e.g. shock pressures, temperatures, etc.). However, these results indicate that such a transition can be detected using the Benchtop Energetics TOFMS diagnostics setup, where future, more controlled and/or characterized energetic events may lead to better understanding of initiation/ignition thresholds of candidate materials. C1 [Fossum, E. C.; Molek, C. D.; Fajardo, M. E.] USAF, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div,Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Fossum, E. C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Resident Res Assoc, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Lewis, W. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Met Ceram Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Fossum, EC (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div,Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU ECF; WKL; National Research Council Research; [96ABW-2011-0367] FX This manuscript is approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. 96ABW-2011-0367. ECF and WKL gratefully acknowledge the National Research Council Research which supported their research at AFRL Munitions Directorate. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686262 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300050 ER PT S AU Jenkins, CM Horie, Y Lindsay, CM Butler, GC Lambert, D Welle, EJ AF Jenkins, C. M. Horie, Y. Lindsay, C. M. Butler, G. C. Lambert, D. Welle, E. J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI CYLINDRICAL CONVERGING SHOCK INITIATION OF REACTIVE MATERIALS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shock wave; Pressure amplification; induced high pressure reactions AB Recent research has been conducted that builds on the Forbes et al. (1997) study of inducing a rapid solid state reaction in a highly porous core using a converging cylindrical shock driven by a high explosive. The high explosive annular charge used in this research to compress the center reactive core was comparable to PBXN-110. Some modifications were made on the physical configuration of the test item for scale-up and ease of production. The reactive materials (I2O5/Al and I2O5/Al/Teflon) were hand mixed and packed to a tap density of about 32 percent. Data provided by a Cordon 114 high speed framing camera and a Photon Doppler Velocimetry instrument provided exit gas expansion, core particle and cylinder wall velocities. Analysis indicates that the case expansion velocity differs according to the core formulation and behaved similar to the baseline high explosive core with the exit gas of the reactive materials producing comparable velocities. Results from CTH hydrocode used to model the test item compares favorably to the experimental results. C1 [Jenkins, C. M.; Horie, Y.; Lindsay, C. M.; Butler, G. C.; Lambert, D.; Welle, E. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Jenkins, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686253 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300041 ER PT S AU Jordan, JL Siviour, CR Woodworth, BT AF Jordan, J. L. Siviour, C. R. Woodworth, B. T. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI HIGH STRAIN RATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSY POLYMERS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE split Hopkinson pressure bar; pressure dependence; high strain rate; poly(vinyl chloride) ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); BEHAVIOR; POLYCARBONATE; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; TESTS; YIELD AB Since the early 1990s, a range of experimental data has been generated describing the response of glassy polymers to high strain rate loading in compression. More recently, research programs that study the combined effects of temperature and strain rate have made significant steps in providing better understanding of the physics behind the observed response, and also in modeling this response. However, limited data are available in tension, and even more limited are data describing both the compressive and tensile response of the same polymer. This paper investigates the compressive and tensile response of glassy polymers, using poly(vinyl chloride) as a representative material, across a range of stain rates from quasi-static to dynamic. The pressure dependant yield in glassy polymers will be discussed through comparison of the tensile and compressive yield stresses. C1 [Jordan, J. L.; Woodworth, B. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Siviour, C. R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Siviour, Clive/E-2032-2012; OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686252 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300040 ER PT S AU Kleiser, GJ Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Anderson, WW AF Kleiser, G. J. Chhabildas, L. C. Reinhart, W. D. Anderson, W. W. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI RELEASE WAVE PROPAGATION IN SHOCKED MOLYBDENUM APPROACHING MELT CONDITIONS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shock loading; molybdenum; phase transition; dynamic strength AB The purpose of this study is to investigate the unloading behavior of molybdenum at shock pressures approaching the melt regime, particularly in the vicinity of a previously reported solid-solid transition. Symmetric impact experiments were conducted using a two-stage light gas gun and VISAR diagnostic system to examine molybdenum's behavior up to pressures of 305 GPa. The approach required compensating for the wave interaction due to the low impedance LiF window, but provided detailed information regarding the release state and comparison of the measured sound speeds support the existence of the phase transition. This paper describes the strategy, experimental method, and corresponding results which are used to draw conclusions about the dynamic behavior of molybdenum at high pressure. C1 [Kleiser, G. J.; Chhabildas, L. C.] US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Anderson, W. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kleiser, GJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories supported by the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We would also like to acknowledge Tom Thornhill, John Martinez and Heidi Anderson, for their invaluable assistance with the experiments. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686571 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300359 ER PT S AU Maines, WR Borg, J Reinhart, WD Neel, C Nixon, M Chhabildas, LC AF Maines, W. R. Borg, J. Reinhart, W. D. Neel, C. Nixon, M. Chhabildas, L. C. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI RELEASE STATES IN ALUMINUM FOAM SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE aluminum foam; release states; CTH; mesoscale simulations AB We report isentropic release states of uniaxial strain experiments and simulations on 6101 T-6 48-50% density open-cell aluminum foam compressed up to 10 GPa. Mesoscale simulations of the dynamic response of the foam are compared to experimental measurements and are used to build continuum constitutive relations. The mesoscale simulations capture the Hugoniot and the release behavior in the foam extremely well. The resulting constitutive relations built from mesoscale simulations compare favorably to those built from experimental results. C1 [Maines, W. R.; Neel, C.; Nixon, M.; Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mech Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Borg, J.] Marquette Univ, Mech Engn Dept, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.] Shock Thermodynam & Res, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Maines, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mech Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. OI Maines, Warren/0000-0002-6708-0151 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding provided by Defense Threat Reduction Agency and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686552 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300340 ER PT S AU Martin, BE Flater, PJ Abrahams, RA Neel, CH Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC AF Martin, Bradley E. Flater, Philip J. Abrahams, Rachel A. Neel, Christopher H. Reinhart, William D. Chhabildas, Lalit C. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EGLIN STEEL BY SYMMETRIC IMPACT EXPERIMENTATION SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ES-1; steel; symmetric impact; shock AB Well-controlled impact studies have been conducted on heat treated ES-1 (i.e. Eglin steel) to determine their dynamic material properties. In particular gas-gun and time-resolved laser interferometry was used to measure the fine structure in the particle velocity profile resulting from symmetric impact. Nominal impact pressures range from 8 to 20 GPa at corresponding impact velocities of 0.400 km/s and 1.00 km/s, respectively. These experiments have allowed us to estimate the dynamic yield and spall strengths and phase transition kinetics of the material. C1 [Martin, Bradley E.; Flater, Philip J.; Abrahams, Rachel A.; Neel, Christopher H.; Chhabildas, Lalit C.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Reinhart, William D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, BE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686441 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300229 ER PT S AU Neel, CH Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Neel, C. H. Chhabildas, L. C. Reinhart, W. D. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI A REVIEW OF RESHOCK DATA FOR PMMA ABOVE THE PHASE TRANSITION AND THE IMPLIED GRUNEISEN COEFFICIENT SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE PMMA; Hugoniot; reshock AB PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) is an important material to characterize, both as a model glassy polymer and as a window for interferometry techniques. Recently, PMMA reshock experimental results have been reported which implied a large thermal pressure component for PMMA reshocked from about 45 GPa. This work calls into question the high pressure, primary Hugoniot data the original conclusions were based on and presents an alternative explanation, namely, that the average Gruneisen coefficient, as indicated by the Mie-Gruneisen EOS, is too small to be inferred by the experimental data. C1 [Neel, C. H.; Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Neel, CH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686392 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300180 ER PT S AU Rumchik, CG Nep, R Butler, GC Breaux, B Lindsay, CM AF Rumchik, C. G. Nep, R. Butler, G. C. Breaux, B. Lindsay, C. M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI THE MINIATURIZATION AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE CYLINDER EXPANSION TEST SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Cylex; Cylinder Expansion Test; Photo Doppler Velocimetry PDV; hydrocode; CTH AB The cylinder test (aka cylinder expansion or Cylex test) is a standard way to measure the Gurney velocity and determine the JWL coefficients of an explosive and has been utilized by the explosives community for many years. More recently, early time shock information has been found to be useful in examining the early pressure-time history during the expansion of the cylinder. Work in the area of nanoenergetics has prompted Air Force researchers to develop a miniaturized version of the Cylex test, for materials with a sufficiently small critical diameter, to reduce the cost and quantity of material required for the test. This paper discusses the development of a half-inch diameter version of the Cylex test. A measurement systems analysis of the new miniaturized and the standard one-inch test has been performed using the liquid explosive PLX (nitromethane sensitized with ethylene diamine). The resulting velocity and displacement profiles obtained from the streak records were compared to Photo Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) measurements as well as CTH hydrocode simulations. Measurements of the Gurney value for both diameter tests were in agreement and yielded a similar level of variability of 1%-4%. C1 [Rumchik, C. G.; Nep, R.; Butler, G. C.; Breaux, B.; Lindsay, C. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Rumchik, CG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686315 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300103 ER PT J AU Akers, B Nicholls, DP AF Akers, Benjamin Nicholls, David P. TI SPECTRAL STABILITY OF DEEP TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY WATER WAVES: REPEATED EIGENVALUES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE spectrum; waves; resonance ID FINITE-AMPLITUDE; INSTABILITIES; DEPTH AB The spectral stability problem for periodic traveling waves on a two-dimensional fluid of infinite depth is investigated via a perturbative approach, computing the spectrum as a function of the wave amplitude beginning with a flat surface. We generalize our previous results by considering the crucially important situation of eigenvalues with multiplicity greater than one (focusing on the generic case of multiplicity two) in the flat water configuration. We use this extended method of transformed field expansions (which now accounts for the resonant spectrum) to numerically simulate the evolution of the eigenvalues as the wave amplitude is increased. We observe that there are no instabilities that are analytically connected to the flat state: The spectrum loses its analyticity at the Benjamin-Feir threshold. We complement the numerical results with an explicit calculation of the first nonzero correction to the linear spectrum of resonant deep water waves. Two countably infinite families of collisions of eigenvalues with opposite Krein signature which do not lead to instability are presented. C1 [Akers, Benjamin] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nicholls, David P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Akers, B (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.akers@afit.edu; nicholls@math.uic.edu FU U.S. Government; National Science Foundation [DMS-0810958]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0001549] FX Received by the editors April 29, 2011; accepted for publication (in revised form) February 24, 2012; published electronically April 24, 2012. This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.; Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan, Chicago, IL 60607 (nicholls@math.uic.edu). This author's work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DMS-0810958, and by the Department of Energy under award DE-SC0001549. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 689 EP 711 DI 10.1137/110832446 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 933WD UT WOS:000303394500010 ER PT J AU Pachter, M AF Pachter, M. TI Kalman Filtering When the Large Bandwidth Control is Not Known SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In the standard Kalman filtering (KF) paradigm it is assumed that the control signal is known, or, alternatively, it is assumed that the dynamical system is in a "free fall." This is problematic when maneuvering targets must be tracked, in which case the input signal is not known to the observer. The KF paradigm for discrete-time control systems is revisited and it is not assumed that the control signal is known. Moreover, a large bandwidth input signal is allowed for. It is shown that under the assumption that, e. g., the measurement and control matrix product CB is full (column) rank-an assumption used in direct adaptive control-it is possible to jointly estimate the input signal and the control system's state. It is not necessary to assume that the control signal is constant and therefore large bandwidth input signals are accommodated. A recursive algorithm for the calculation of the minimum variance estimates of the state and control signal is developed. Similar to classical KF, a linear estimation problem is solved; therefore, the minimum variance estimates of the state and input signal are obtained, and thus, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is attained. The filter's gain is constant and whereas in conventional KF the calculation of the covariance of the state estimation error entails the solution of a Riccati equation, the covariances of the state and input estimation errors are determined here by the solution of a Lyapunov equation, and explicit formulae are obtained. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Meir.Pachter@afit.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.1109/TAES.2012.6129654 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 923TT UT WOS:000302643100039 ER PT J AU Baird, L Fagin, B AF Baird, Leemon Fagin, Barry TI Conserved Energy Functions for Cellular Automata: Finding Nontrivials Faster Through a Complete Theory of the Trivials SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA LA English DT Article DE nontrivial; trivial; conserved; energy; function; cellular; automata; tensors; dimensions AB Conserved quantities indicate fundamental physical properties of systems, and are therefore eagerly sought after in science. Conservation of energy and conservation of angular momentum, for example, are two fundamental principles that offer profound insights into the nature of the world we live in. Cellular automata, as models of physical systems, can exhibit conserved functions of relevance to the system under study. Number conservation is a simple example, but far more sophisticated ones can be discovered with appropriate algorithmic techniques. Cellular automata with identical conserved functions are, in some sense, closely related to one another. Thus conserved functions can be used to classify cellular automata, and to identify connections between seemingly unrelated systems. There are known algorithms to find all conserved energy functions of a Oven order for a given cellular automaton. They are exponentially slow, but can he made faster by eliminating the trivial conserved functions that classify all states as having the same energy. So we must find the basis set for the trivials. That problem is nontrivial. We present here the first proofs for the basis set for all trivial conserved functions in the general case, and use this to derive a number of optimizations for reducing time and memory for the discovery of nontrivials. We use these results to show the Game of Life has no nontrivials with any rectangular energy window containing 13 or fewer cells. Other 2D automata, however, do have nontrivials. We give the complete list of those functions for all life-like automata (i.e. 2D, 2-color, 3 x 3 neighborhood, outer totalistic) with rectangular energy windows with 9 or fewer cells, and discuss patterns we have observed. C1 [Baird, Leemon] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Geometr Modeling & Sci Visualizat Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Baird, Leemon] USAF Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, L (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Geometr Modeling & Sci Visualizat Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM Leemon@Leemon.com; barry.fagin@usafa.edu FU Air Force Academy Center for Cyberspace Research FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Academy Center for Cyberspace Research, and to the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1557-5969 J9 J CELL AUTOM JI J. Cell. Autom. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 SI SI BP 115 EP 150 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 928JJ UT WOS:000302978700003 ER PT S AU Drain, KL Cheng, W Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Drain, Katherine L. Cheng, Wen Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen BE Tabor, C Kajzar, F Kaino, T Koike, Y TI Fabry-Perot resonant switch using electro-optic polymer SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices XIV CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Electro-optic Polymer; Fabry-Perot Resonator; Bragg Mirror; Optical Switch AB An electro-optic (EO) switch based on a Fabry-Perot resonator design was fabricated and tested. The switch is comprised of two high index glass substrates with indium tin oxide (ITO) coated Bragg mirrors, surrounding an electro-optic polymer layer. The ITO top layers were patterned, the electro-optic polymer, SEO100 (Soluxra Inc.), was spun coat onto each of the two Bragg substrates, and the two samples were wafer bonded. The sandwich device was then electric field poled using a field between 80 and 90 V/mu m in order to induce a second-order nonlinear optical activity in the electrooptic polymer. The experimental results done at 1.31 micron laser wavelength with a drive voltage of +/- 200 volts yielded a modulation depth of around 86% and 80% for frequencies of 1kHz and 10kHz, respectively. C1 [Drain, Katherine L.; Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Drain, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8901-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8258 AR 82580R DI 10.1117/12.905650 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR29 UT WOS:000302548700012 ER PT S AU Ullrich, B Wang, JAS Xiao, XYY Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, Bruno Wang, Joanna S. Xiao, Xiaoyin Y. Brown, Gail J. BE Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Huffaker, DL TI Fourier spectroscopy on PbS quantum dots SO QUANTUM DOTS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots and Nanostructures - Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling IX CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE PbS quantum dots; Fourier spectroscopy; photoluminescence; absorption; Fan model; Debye temperature ID NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; STATES; GLASS AB The manuscript summarizes our current research on PbS quantum dots. The emission and transmission features in the temperature range of 5 K - 300 K of 4.7 nm PbS quantum dots were investigated and theoretically analyzed with the Fan model, which is based upon the phonon-electron interaction. The model - although designed for bulk semiconductors apply for quantum dots with the potential to determine fundamental properties such as the Debye temperature. C1 [Ullrich, Bruno; Wang, Joanna S.; Xiao, Xiaoyin Y.; Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8914-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8271 AR 82710A DI 10.1117/12.905980 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BZR78 UT WOS:000302639200005 ER PT S AU Kim, RS Szep, A Usechak, NG Chen, A Sun, HS Shi, SY Abeysinghe, D You, YH Dalton, LR AF Kim, Richard S. Szep, Attila Usechak, Nicholas G. Chen, Antao Sun, Haishan Shi, Shouyan Abeysinghe, Don You, Young-Hwan Dalton, Larry R. BE Nelson, RL Prather, DW Schuetz, C TI Fabrication and Characterization of a Hybrid SOI 1x4 Silicon-Slot Optical Modulator Array Incorporating EO Polymers for Optical Phased-Array Antenna Applications SO RF AND MILLIMETER-WAVE PHOTONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on RF and Millimeter-Wave Photonics II CY JAN 22, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical phase array; silicon-slot optical waveguide; electro-optic polymer; optical phase modulator; optical beam forming network; hybrid integrated photonic circuits; phased array antenna; optical beam steering AB Optical phased arrays are promising candidates for both RF signal processing and optical beam forming and steering. These platforms not only enable accurate electrically controlled beam steering at high frequencies but also have the potential to significantly improve the performance of future free-space optical communications systems. In this work we exploit recent advancements in both nano-scale hybrid silicon-slot waveguides and electro-optic (EO) polymers to demonstrate an integrated optical phased-array antenna. Specifically, we create a hybrid integrated "photonic circuit" that connects an array of optical phase modulators, fed by a common optical signal and a 1x4 splitter, to a compact optical waveguide diffraction array for optical beam steering applications. The fundamental characteristics of the resulting integrated optical beam former, including the optical insertion loss, driving voltage, and phase control from the waveguide aperture are summarized in this letter. C1 [Kim, Richard S.; Szep, Attila; Usechak, Nicholas G.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-902-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8259 AR 82590B DI 10.1117/12.913652 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR30 UT WOS:000302549200009 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI From Storm to Freedom: America's LongWar With Iraq. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 921NF UT WOS:000302483600010 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006-2008. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 921NF UT WOS:000302483600011 ER PT J AU McCrary, PD Beasley, PA Cojocaru, OA Schneider, S Hawkins, TW Perez, JPL McMahon, BW Pfeil, M Boatz, JA Anderson, SL Son, SF Rogers, RD AF McCrary, Parker D. Beasley, Preston A. Cojocaru, O. Andreea Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tommy W. Perez, Jesus Paulo L. McMahon, Brandon W. Pfeil, Mark Boatz, Jerry A. Anderson, Scott L. Son, Steven F. Rogers, Robin D. TI Hypergolic ionic liquids to mill, suspend, and ignite boron nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FUELS AB Boron nanoparticles prepared by milling in the presence of a hypergolic energetic ionic liquid (EIL) are suspendable in the EIL and the EIL retains hypergolicity leading to the ignition of the boron. This approach allows for incorporation of a variety of nanoscale additives to improve EIL properties, such as energetic density and heat of combustion, while providing stability and safe handling of the nanomaterials. C1 [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tommy W.; Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Prop Directorate,AFRL RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [McCrary, Parker D.; Beasley, Preston A.; Cojocaru, O. Andreea; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [McCrary, Parker D.; Beasley, Preston A.; Cojocaru, O. Andreea; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Perez, Jesus Paulo L.; McMahon, Brandon W.; Anderson, Scott L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pfeil, Mark; Son, Steven F.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hawkins, TW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Prop Directorate,AFRL RZSP, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Tommy.Hawkins@edwards.af.mil; anderson@chem.utah.edu; sson@purdue.edu; rdrogers@as.ua.edu RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49550-10-1-0521, FA9300-06-C-0023, FA9550-08-1-0400]; US Department of Education (UA) [GAANN P200A100190]; UT Research Foundation [51003387] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Awards No. F49550-10-1-0521 (UA), FA9300-06-C-0023 (AFRL), FA9550-08-1-0400 (UT), US Department of Education (UA: GAANN P200A100190), and UT Research Foundation (Grant 51003387). We would also like to thank Prof. A. K. Agrawal (UA) for access to the high speed camera. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 36 BP 4311 EP 4313 DI 10.1039/c2cc30957b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 919WR UT WOS:000302363400011 PM 22446931 ER PT J AU Pawlicki, M Morisue, M Davis, NKS McLean, DG Haley, JE Beuerman, E Drobizhev, M Rebane, A Thompson, AL Pascu, SI Accorsi, G Armaroli, N Anderson, HL AF Pawlicki, Milosz Morisue, Mitsuhiko Davis, Nicola K. S. McLean, Daniel G. Haley, Joy E. Beuerman, Erich Drobizhev, Mikhail Rebane, Aleksander Thompson, Amber L. Pascu, Sofia I. Accorsi, Gianluca Armaroli, Nicola Anderson, Harry L. TI Engineering conjugation in para-phenylene-bridged porphyrin tapes SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; STRONG 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; NEAR-IR ABSORPTION; FUSED PORPHYRINS; MOLECULAR WIRES; MESO-MESO; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM YIELDS; DIMERS AB We report the synthesis of 7 new para-phenylene-bridged zinc porphyrin dimers, five of which were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. A variety of links were tested for holding the para-phenylene bridges in pi-conjugation with the porphyrins, and the natures of these restraining links strongly influence the properties of the porphyrin dimers. The keto-linked dimer exhibits a long-lived singlet excited state and strong fluorescence at 960 nm (1.7% quantum yield) in contrast to most previously reported conjugated porphyrin tapes, which are essentially non-emissive. Replacement of the cross-conjugated keto links by directly conjugated C-C bonds eradicates the fluorescence and shifts the absorption maximum to 1077 nm. On the other hand, replacement of the keto links with non-conjugated CPh2 links confers fluorescence at 736 nm (10% quantum yield) and results in remarkably similar one-and two-photon absorption behavior to that of meso-meso ethynylene-bridged porphyrin dimers (peak two-photon cross section: 7,300 GM at 878 nm). Cross-conjugated keto links do more than just hold the para-phenylene bridge coplanar with the porphyrins; they reduce the HOMOLUMO gap, although to a lesser extent than direct pi-conjugated links. Planarized para-phenylenebridged porphyrin dimers provide insights into the relationship between previously investigated classes of conjugated porphyrin oligomers, and they open up possibilities for the synthesis of new types of near-IR two-photon absorbing dyes. C1 [McLean, Daniel G.; Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pawlicki, Milosz; Morisue, Mitsuhiko; Davis, Nicola K. S.; Thompson, Amber L.; Anderson, Harry L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. [Beuerman, Erich; Drobizhev, Mikhail; Rebane, Aleksander] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pascu, Sofia I.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Accorsi, Gianluca; Armaroli, Nicola] CNR, ISOF, Mol Photosci Grp, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Haley, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Pascu, Sofia/C-5236-2009; Accorsi, Gianluca/D-6914-2012; Armaroli, Nicola/B-9094-2009; Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011; OI Pascu, Sofia/0000-0001-6385-4650; Armaroli, Nicola/0000-0001-8599-0901; Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132; Accorsi, Gianluca/0000-0003-4903-2006; Pawlicki, Milosz/0000-0002-8249-0474 FU European Commission [MEIF-CT-2006-041629]; EPSRC; Royal Society; STFC FX We thank the European Commission (MEIF-CT-2006-041629 fellowship to M. P. and TOPBIO ITN), EPSRC, the Royal Society and STFC (S. I. P.) for support, the EPSRC mass spectrometry service (Swansea) for mass spectra, Dr John Warren (SRS Daresbury, UK) for synchrotron crystallography support, Diamond Light Source for an award of beamtime at I19(MT1858) and the instrument scientists, in particular Drs David R. Allan and Kirsten E. Christensen. NR 81 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1039/c2sc00023g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 919JA UT WOS:000302319000024 ER PT J AU Brissett, W AF Brissett, Wilson TI Jonathan Edwards, Continuity and Secularism SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brissett, W (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 921YL UT WOS:000302513900007 ER PT J AU Costantine, J Tawk, Y Christodoulou, CG Banik, J Lane, S AF Costantine, Joseph Tawk, Youssef Christodoulou, Christos G. Banik, Jeremy Lane, Steven TI CubeSat Deployable Antenna Using Bistable Composite Tape-Springs SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CubeSat; deployable antennas; space communications AB In this letter, a new conductive composite tape-spring is proposed for CubeSat deployable antennas that is constructed using a glass fiber reinforced epoxy with an embedded copper alloy conductor. The tape-spring is bistable enabling the antenna to be elastically stable in both the deployed and stowed states. A dipole antenna is designed, simulated, and tested to prove the viability of the electrical properties of this material. C1 [Costantine, Joseph] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Tawk, Youssef; Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Banik, Jeremy; Lane, Steven] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Costantine, J (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM jcostantine@fullerton.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2189544 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 921UD UT WOS:000302502300002 ER PT S AU Vergien, C Dajani, I Robin, C Zeringue, C Wyman, K AF Vergien, Christopher Dajani, Iyad Robin, Craig Zeringue, Clint Wyman, Keith BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Single-frequency acoustically tailored Raman fiber amplifier SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XI CY JAN 24-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman fiber amplifier; stimulated Brillouin scattering; stimulated Raman scattering AB We present experimental results of a single-stage Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) for guide star application. SBS suppression was achieved through the acoustic tailoring of the core of a polarization-maintaining single-mode conventional fiber. The core was also doped for enhanced Raman gain. This fiber was utilized in a counter-pumped amplifier configuration to generate 1178 nm light with a linewidth < 2 MHz for frequency doubling into the D-2 sodium line. Due to the SBS suppressing characteristics of the fiber, the RFA provided 11.2 W of 1178 nm signal when seeded with 15 mW. Application of a thermal gradient allowed for further power scaling leading to 18.3 W. Our measurement of the linewidth at the highest output power indicated no spectral broadening. C1 [Vergien, Christopher; Dajani, Iyad; Robin, Craig; Zeringue, Clint] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vergien, C (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8883-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8240 AR 82400M DI 10.1117/12.906527 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BZR75 UT WOS:000302636900015 ER PT S AU Beier, HT Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA AF Beier, Hope T. Noojin, Gary D. Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Coherent Raman Scattering for Localized Thermal Mapping SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Coherent Raman Scattering; Non-linear microscopy; Temperature; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; CARS; Raman ID LIQUID WATER; TEMPERATURE AB Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) spectroscopy is explored as a tool for obtaining localized temperature measurements. A single femtosecond oscillator is used to pump a photonic crystal fiber to provide a broadband Stokes pulse. The CRS signals from the broad OH-stretching modes between 3000 and 3700 cm(-1) are recorded for water at different temperatures. The shapes of these two modes are shown to correlate with water temperature. As a multi-wave process, excitation is limited to only the focal volume giving inherent spatial resolution that allows for mapping of the thermal profile. The local variation of temperature may be mapped so that the localized thermal response from directed energy exposure can be obtained. As these exposures typically have some thermal component, it is important to have a means of specifically characterizing the thermal effects. The thermal portion can then be decoupled from the other effects of the directed energy source so that the non- thermal components are better characterized. C1 [Beier, Hope T.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, 4141 Petr Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Beier, HT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 4141 Petr Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Human Performance Wing; AFRL [FA8650-08-D-6930] FX This research was performed while Hope Beier held an Air Force Office of Scientific Research sponsored National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Human Performance Wing. Contract support was provided under AFRL contract number FA8650-08-D-6930. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8864-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8221 AR 822110 DI 10.1117/12.913283 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BZO86 UT WOS:000302290100018 ER PT S AU Lipscomb, D Echchgadda, I Ibey, BL Beier, H Thomas, RJ Peralta, X Wilmink, GJ AF Lipscomb, Dawn Echchgadda, Ibtissam Ibey, Bennett L. Beier, Hope Thomas, Robert J. Peralta, Xomalin Wilmink, Gerald J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Terahertz spectroscopy of dry, hydrated, and thermally denatured biological macromolecules SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Terahertz; spectroscopy; collagen; protein; hydration; optics; silicon; Cycloolefine polymer (CO) ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL-REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; RELAXATION; SILICON; PULSES AB Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an effective technique to probe the intermolecular and collective vibrational modes of biological macromolecules at THz frequencies. To date, the vast majority of spectroscopic studies have been performed on dehydrated biomolecular samples. Given the fact that all biochemical processes occur in aqueous environments and water is required for proper protein folding and function, we hypothesize that valuable information can be gained from spectroscopic studies performed on hydrated biomolecules in their native conformation. In this study, we used a THz-TDS system that exploits photoconductive techniques for THz pulse generation and freespace electro-optical sampling approaches for detection. We used the THz spectrometer to measure the time-dependent electric field of THz waves upon interaction with water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and collagen gels. By comparing these waveforms with references, we simultaneously determined each sample's index of refraction (n) and absorption coefficients (mu(a)) as a function of frequency. Our data show that the properties we measure for the water, PBS and collagen are comparable to those reported in the literature. In the future, we plan to examine the effect that both temperature and pH have on the optical properties of other biological macromolecules. Studies will also be performed to compare our results to those generated using molecular dynamics simulations. C1 [Lipscomb, Dawn; Ibey, Bennett L.; Beier, Hope; Thomas, Robert J.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Echchgadda, Ibtissam] Natl Acad Sci, NRC, Houston, TX USA. [Peralta, Xomalin] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Lipscomb, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR; National Science Foundation Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) [DMR-0934218] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR entitled Coupling of Terahertz radiation to intracellular biomolecules for non-contact control and activation of adaptive cellular responses. This study was also supported by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) Grant No.DMR-0934218. The ideas and opinions presented here are those of the authors and not those of the US Air Force research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8864-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8221 AR 82211N DI 10.1117/12.914658 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BZO86 UT WOS:000302290100036 ER PT S AU Pocock, GM Boretsky, A Wang, HC Golden, D Gupta, P Vargas, G Oliver, JW Motamedi, M AF Pocock, Ginger M. Boretsky, Adam Wang, Heuy-Ching Golden, Dallas Gupta, Praveena Vargas, Gracie Oliver, Jeffrey W. Motamedi, Massoud BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI NF-kB Activation as a Biomarker of Light Injury Using a Transgenic Mouse Model SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE retina; brain; laser; mouse; transgenic; NF-kB; inflammation; laser damage; spectral domain optical coherence tomography; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope; fluorescence microscopy; two-photon imaging ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; CELLS; INTEGRATION; MICE AB The spatial and temporal activation of NF-kB (p65) was monitored in the retina of a transgenic mouse model (cis-NF-kB-EGFP) in vivo after receiving varying grades of laser induced thermal injury in one eye. Baseline retinal images were collected from 26 mice and were reimaged up to five months later after receiving thermal injury using a Heidelberg Spectralis HRA confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) with a spectral domain optical coherence tomographer (SD-OCT). Injured and control eyes were enucleated at discrete time points following laser exposure for cryosectioning to determine localization of NF-kB dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene expression in the retina using fluorescence microscopy. In addition, EGFP basal expression in brain and retinal tissue from the cis-NF-kB-EGFP was characterized using two-photon imaging. Regions of the retina exposed to threshold and supra-threshold laser damage evaluated using fluorescence cSLO showed increased EGFP fluorescence localized to the exposed region for a duration that was dependent upon the degree of injury. Fluorescence microscopy of threshold damage revealed EGFP localized to the outer nuclear region and retinal pigment epithelial layer. Basal expression of EGFP imaged using two-photon microscopy was heterogeneously distributed throughout brain tissue and confined to the inner retina. Results validate the cis-NF-kB-EGFP reporter mouse for in vivo studies of laser induced injury to the retina and possibly brain injury. C1 [Pocock, Ginger M.; Oliver, Jeffrey W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL 711 HPW RHDO,4141 Petr Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Pocock, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL 711 HPW RHDO,4141 Petr Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM ginger.m.pocock.civ@mail.mil RI Vargas, Gracie/K-9239-2013; Boretsky, Adam/B-8591-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8864-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8221 AR 822108 DI 10.1117/12.908835 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BZO86 UT WOS:000302290100003 ER PT S AU Weber, EL Rickman, M Dunn, AK Welch, AJ Thomas, RJ AF Weber, Erica L. Rickman, Mike Dunn, Andrew K. Welch, Ashley J. Thomas, Robert J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Direct Assessment of Thermal Lensing in Ocular Media Using an Artificial Eye SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB A new fibe- based imaging system has been incorporated into a modifie artificia eye for direct measurement of the thermal lensing effect induced by an infrared laser (1319 nm) to correlate changes in the visible wavefront to visual distortions observed by human subjects. The response of a visible beam, 632 nm, was observed with respect to various exposures of the infrared light under different power levels and exposure durations. Infrared irradiance levels between 0.57 and 4.56 W . cm(-2) were used with exposure durations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, and 2 seconds in order to observe the optimal level of radiant energy needed to bloom a visible beam at the retinal plane. Results show that deformation of the visible beam focused on the retina begins at irradiance levels of 2.28 W . cm(-2) with significan blurring (10 times larger than the original size) at 3.80 W . cm(-2). A maximum visible beam size at the retina is achieved with exposure durations of 0.75 seconds, and no observable change was reported for longer exposure durations. These results strongly correlate to the previously determined threshold for visual distortion in human subjects using infrared lasers of 2.98 W . cm(-2). Based on these results, the visible wavefront will need to expand four times its original size in order to overcome any accommodation effects and induce an observable visual disruption in human subjects. C1 [Weber, Erica L.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Weber, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RI Dunn, Andrew/I-9527-2014 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8864-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8221 AR 822106 DI 10.1117/12.910716 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BZO86 UT WOS:000302290100001 ER PT S AU Wooddell, DA Schubert-Kabban, CM Hill, RR AF Wooddell, David A., Jr. Schubert-Kabban, Christine M. Hill, Raymond R. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI An Analysis of the Influences of Biological Variance, Measurement Error, and Uncertainty on Retinal Photothermal Damage Threshold Studies SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser; Retina; Dose Response; ED50; Probit Analysis; Directed Energy; Bioeffects; Eye Measurement; Safe Exposure Limit AB Safe exposure limits for directed energy sources are derived from a compilation of known injury thresholds taken primarily from animal models and simulation data. The summary statistics for these experiments are given as exposure levels representing a 50% probability of injury, or ED50, and associated variance. We examine biological variance in focal geometries and thermal properties and the influence each has in single-pulse ED50 threshold studies for 514-, 694-, and 1064-nanometer laser exposures in the thermal damage time domain. Damage threshold is defined to be the amount of energy required for a retinal burn on at least one retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell measuring approximately 10 microns in diameter. Better understanding of experimental variance will allow for more accurate safety buffers for exposure limits and improve directed energy research methodology. C1 [Wooddell, David A., Jr.; Schubert-Kabban, Christine M.; Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wooddell, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8864-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8221 AR 822114 DI 10.1117/12.914645 PG 16 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BZO86 UT WOS:000302290100022 ER PT S AU Biswas, S Nepal, D Park, K Vaia, R AF Biswas, Sushmita Nepal, Dhriti Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Colorimetric polarization sensing with single plasmonic gold nanorods SO PHOTONIC AND PHONONIC PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures II CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nanorod; plasmonic; colorimetric; polarization; dark-field scattering; depolarization ID ORIENTATION SENSORS; MICROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES AB The color of scattered light from longitudinal and transverse surface plasmon resonances of individual gold nanorods is used to detect the polarization direction of incident light at the nanoscale. The relative strength of the scattered intensities of the two resonances reflects the relative orientation between the polarization of incident light and the nanorod. The resultant colored spectrum is used as a metric for polarization sensing in a darkfield geometry. This technique is demonstrated in the visible to near infrared region by varying the aspect ratio of the nanorods between 2 and 5 with diameters less than 20 nm. The ability to determine the polarization of light visually at the nanoscale provides an important tool in material science and molecular biology for probing anisotropic material properties at the nanoscale using single nanorods. In contrast to photothermal imaging where laser induced deformation of nanoparticles occur, this bimodal darkfield scattering is non-destructive and internally calibrated. The tunability of the plasmonic bands by varying the aspect ratio is beneficial for the usage of this method over a broad spectral range. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Nepal, Dhriti; Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biswas, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Sushmita.Biswas@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8912-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8269 AR 82692R DI 10.1117/12.917987 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR50 UT WOS:000302582400040 ER PT S AU Haynes, ND Zelmon, DE Shori, R AF Haynes, Nicholas D. Zelmon, David E. Shori, Ramesh BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Refractive indices and thermo-optic coefficients of Erbium doped Yttria SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXI: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXI - Technology and Devices CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID CERAMIC LASER AB The refractive indices and thermo-optic coefficients for varying concentrations of Er3+ doped polycrystalline yttria were measured at a variety of wavelengths and temperatures. A Lorenz oscillator model was employed to model the room temperature indices and thermo-optic coefficients were calculated based on temperature dependent index measurements from .45 to 1.064 microns. Some consequences relating to thermal lensing are discussed. C1 [Haynes, Nicholas D.; Zelmon, David E.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haynes, ND (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, 3005 Hobson Way R243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8878-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8235 AR 82350E DI 10.1117/12.916178 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR26 UT WOS:000302536200006 ER PT J AU Cordeiro, JD Kharoufeh, JP AF Cordeiro, James D. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. TI THE UNRELIABLE M/M/1 RETRIAL QUEUE IN A RANDOM ENVIRONMENT SO STOCHASTIC MODELS LA English DT Article DE LDQBD process; Retrial queue; Unreliable server ID PATTERN SEARCH ALGORITHMS; ADAPTIVE DIRECT SEARCH; CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; SERVER; OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE; SYSTEM AB We examine an M/M/1 retrial queue with an unreliable server whose arrival, service, failure, repair, and retrial rates are all modulated by an exogenous random environment. Provided are conditions for stability, the (approximate) orbit size distribution, and mean queueing performance measures which are obtained via matrix-analytic methods. Additionally, we consider the problem of choosing arrival and service rates for each environment state with the objective of minimizing the steady state mean time spent in orbit by an arbitrary customer, subject to cost and revenue constraints. Two numerical examples illustrate the main results. C1 [Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Cordeiro, James D.] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, 1048 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jkharouf@pitt.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0004] FX We thank Dr. Srinivas Chakravarthy and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. This research was sponsored in part by a grant from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-08-1-0004). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-6349 EI 1532-4214 J9 STOCH MODELS JI Stoch. Models PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1080/15326349.2011.614478 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 922GH UT WOS:000302534700003 ER PT J AU Eschleman, KJ Alarcon, GM Lyons, JB Stokes, CK Schneider, T AF Eschleman, Kevin J. Alarcon, Gene M. Lyons, Joseph B. Stokes, Charlene K. Schneider, Tamera TI The dynamic nature of the stress appraisal process and the infusion of affect SO ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING LA English DT Article DE stress; appraisal; reappraisal; positive affect; negative affect; latent growth modeling ID COGNITIVE APPRAISAL; AFFECTIVE STATES; METHOD VARIANCE; MOOD; JUDGMENTS; RESPONSES; EMOTIONS; PERSONALITY; ADJUSTMENT; MODEL AB Very little is known about the process in which people reappraise a stressful environment or the factors that may influence this process. In the current study, we address the several limitations to previous research regarding stress reappraisals and explore the role of affect on this process. A total of 320 participants (mean age = 20 years, 60% male) completed an increasingly demanding team-based coordination task. Mood and stress appraisals were assessed at three time points using self-report surveys during four different waves of data collection. The longitudinal design enabled us to assess primary and secondary reappraisals (change in appraisals during the experiment), task-irrelevant affect (affect assessed prior to experiment participation), and task-relevant affect (change in affect experienced during the experiment). Guided by the Transactional Theory of Stress, we argue that the relationship between primary reappraisal and secondary reappraisal is an accurate representation of a dynamic stress appraisal process. We found that participants were more likely to engage in the stress appraisal process when they experienced less task-irrelevant positive affect and greater task-relevant positive affect. Both task-irrelevant and task-relevant negative affect were not found to influence the stress appraisal process. C1 [Eschleman, Kevin J.; Alarcon, Gene M.; Lyons, Joseph B.; Stokes, Charlene K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eschleman, Kevin J.; Schneider, Tamera] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Eschleman, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXS,BLDG 190,2698 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.eschleman@wright.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-5806 J9 ANXIETY STRESS COPIN JI Anxiety Stress Coping PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 BP 309 EP 327 DI 10.1080/10615806.2011.601299 PG 19 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 916YU UT WOS:000302139900005 PM 21800952 ER PT B AU McConney, ME Tsukruk, VV AF McConney, Michael E. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. BE Barth, FG Humphrey, JAC Srinivasan, MV TI Synthetic materials for bio-inspired flow-responsive structures SO FRONTIERS IN SENSING: FROM BIOLOGY TO ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATERAL-LINE; NEUROMASTS; SENSORS AB Fish rely on flow sensors for predator avoidance, hunting, rheotaxis, and other vital functions. The cupula on top of the sensory cells of these sensors is a structure that couples the water flow close to the fish and the receptor cells by efficiently absorbing the mechanical energy contained in the stimulus. The structure and mechanical properties of the fish cupula were investigated in order to develop a bio-inspired analogue to be used for synthetic flow receptors. After having studied the biological original structure, an engineered analogue of the cupula was developed. The addition of the artificial cupula to the flow sensors improved both the response magnitude (sensitivity) and the detection threshold by almost 40 times. In the end, the bio-inspired modification resulted in engineered sensors with capabilities comparable to those of the fish flow sensors. C1 [Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McConney, Michael E.] USAF, Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mcconney@gmail.com; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-211-99748-2 PY 2012 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BZG33 UT WOS:000301510700023 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Lyons, JB Schlessman, BR Barelka, AJ AF Alarcon, Gene M. Lyons, Joseph B. Schlessman, Bradley R. Barelka, Alexander J. TI Leadership and Coping Among Air Force Officers SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP; PERSONALITY; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; INTELLIGENCE; METAANALYSIS; APPRAISALS; EMOTIONS; STIGMA; TRAITS AB The current study explored the relationship between coping and leadership in a military sample. Data were collected from Air Force officers attending a 6-week professional military education course focusing on leadership development. Correlation analyses illustrate that leadership styles are associated with different styles of coping. Hierarchical regression further demonstrates that transformational leaders use more positive reinterpretation and problem-focused coping strategies and less emotion-focused coping strategies. Transactional leaders utilize more problem-focused coping strategies. Results also demonstrated mixed results on the relationship between transformational leadership and positive reinterpretation. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.; Schlessman, Bradley R.; Barelka, Alexander J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lyons, Joseph B.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2215 1st St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gene.alarcon@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.639674 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 919SK UT WOS:000302348700003 ER PT J AU Rau, I Tane, A Zgarian, R Meghea, A Grote, JG Kajzar, F AF Rau, Ileana Tane, Alexandrina Zgarian, Roxana Meghea, Aurelia Grote, James G. Kajzar, Francois TI Stability of Selected Chromophores in Biopolymer Matrix SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM) - Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Pretoria DE Aggregation; biopolymers; chemical degradation; DNA; kinetics degradation parameters; luminophores; photodegradation ID DNA; FILMS AB Photochemical and thermal stability of thin films formed from selected optically responsive chromophores embedded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Collagen and in the complex formed by DNA biopolymer and the surfactant hexadecyl ammonium (CTMA) matrix was studied by UV-VIS and compared with that observed when using some synthetic polymers (polymethylmetacrylate - PMMA, polycarbonate - PC). In particular the influence of external stimuli, such as heating and UV light on the chemical degradation process was investigated. C1 [Rau, Ileana; Tane, Alexandrina; Zgarian, Roxana; Meghea, Aurelia; Kajzar, Francois] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kajzar, Francois] Univ Angers, Inst Sci & Technol Mol Angers, MOLTECH Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, Equipe Interact Mol Opt Non Lineaire & Structurat, F-49045 Angers, France. RP Rau, I (reprint author), Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, 1 Polizu St, Bucharest, Romania. EM ileana.rau@upb.ro RI RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008; Meghea, Aurelia/C-2573-2011 OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502; NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2012 VL 554 SI SI BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1080/15421406.2012.633025 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 919CV UT WOS:000302299300006 ER PT J AU Sheng, Q Guha, S Gonzalez, L AF Sheng, Qin Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leonel TI Eikonal decomposition methods for fast computations of beam propagations SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE Oscillations; Engineering computations; Decomposition difference method; Eikonal transformation; Optical wave approximation; Numerical stability; Differential equations ID NUMERICAL EVALUATION; APPROXIMATION AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop highly efficient decomposition finite difference methods for computing solutions of highly oscillatory beam propagation partial differential equations. Design/methodology/approach - Highly oscillatory optical wave equations, such as the multidimensional paraxial Helmholtz equation, have been used extensively in modelling propagation of the light from lens to the focal region in various engineering applications. Numerical approximations of solutions of such equations contain crucial light information in focal regions even when the f-number is small. However, it has been difficult to acquire highly oscillatory numerical solutions efficiently. This paper proposes two correlated eikonal decomposition strategies for fast computations of the oscillatory solutions. Structures of the numerical methods are designed via an eikonal, or exponential, transformation. The approach converts successfully the oscillatory problems to non-oscillatory subproblems. Therefore, the underlying beam simulation equations can be solved readily with great accuracy and stability. Findings - It is found that the two correlated eikonal transformation based decomposition methods effectively remove the highly oscillatory features of the wave equations. The coupled non-oscillatory subproblems resulted are easier to solve. Discretization steps in computations can be chosen to be relatively large and this ensures the efficiency of computations. The decomposed finite difference schemes are simple to use in different optical applications. Practical implications - The computational approach provides a valuable tool to practical applications, such as those in the defence industry. Originality/value - Although the eikonal transformation has been used in the theory of nonlinear optics, this is the first time it has been utilized for effective engineering computations. C1 [Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sheng, Q (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM qin_sheng@baylor.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F-5400-04-06-SC01-00]; General Dynamics Information Technology FX The authors would like to thank their colleagues for the many discussions which helped to shape their investigations and computational experiments. This study is supported in part by a research grant (No. F-5400-04-06-SC01-00) from the Air Force Research Laboratory and General Dynamics Information Technology. The authors wish to thank the AFRL and GDIT for their generous support and encouragement. Last, but not least, the authors would like to thank the referees for their valuable suggestions which helped to improve the content and presentation of this paper. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1108/02644401211190537 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 916OC UT WOS:000302112100001 ER PT J AU O'Malley, MJ Woodward, PM Verweij, H AF O'Malley, Matthew J. Woodward, Patrick M. Verweij, Henk TI Production and isolation of pH sensing materials by carbonate melt oxidation of iridium and platinum SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDE ELECTRODES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILM; SENSORS; PALLADIUM; CHLORIDE; ACIDITY; PROBES; DIFFAX; NMR AB Structure and pH sensing properties are presented for solid state pH sensing materials prepared by Li+/H+ ion-exchange of Li2MO3 (M = Ir, Pt) as well as by carbonate melt oxidation of iridium and platinum wires. To obtain reproducible results with the latter technique, a new vertical melt oxidation technique was developed. The structures and morphologies of Li2MO3 before and after H+ ion-exchange are characterized using high resolution powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Iridium wires melt oxidized 30 min and 5 h possessed near Nernstian responses with -0.060(3) and -0.057(3) V pH(-1), respectively, while melt oxidized platinum wires resulted in unstable pH sensing. Ion-exchange of Li2IrO3 results in the formation of H1-xLix[Li1/3Ir2/3]O-2 with a HCrO2 structure, which was determined to be the active compound in pH-sensing of melt oxidized iridium electrodes and possessed a pH response of -0.060 V pH(-1). C1 [O'Malley, Matthew J.; Verweij, Henk] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [O'Malley, Matthew J.; Woodward, Patrick M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP O'Malley, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU National Science Foundation IGERT [DGE-0221678] FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation IGERT Grant no. DGE-0221678. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 16 BP 7782 EP 7790 DI 10.1039/c2jm16791c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 915LC UT WOS:000302026100023 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Sun, HS Chen, AT Jang, SH Jen, AKY Szep, A AF Wang, Danling Sun, Haishan Chen, Antao Jang, Sei-Hum Jen, Alex K. -Y. Szep, Attila TI Chemiresistive response of silicon nanowires to trace vapor of nitro explosives SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSORS; FABRICATION; SENSITIVITY; DETECTORS; OXIDATION; ARRAYS AB Silicon nanowires are observed to behave as chemically modulated resistors and exhibit sensitive and fast electrical responses to vapors of common nitro explosives and their degradation by-products. The nanowires were prepared with a top-down nano-fabrication process on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The surface of the silicon nanowires was modified by plasma treatments. Both hydrogen and oxygen plasma treatments can significantly improve the responses, and oxygen plasma changes the majority carrier from p- to n-type on the surface of silicon nanowire thin films. The sensitivity is found to increase when the cross-section of the nanowires decreases. C1 [Wang, Danling; Sun, Haishan; Chen, Antao] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab & Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Chen, Antao] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Jang, Sei-Hum; Jen, Alex K. -Y.] Univ Washington, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Szep, Attila] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab & Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM antaochen@usf.edu RI Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012; Sun, Haishan/F-3322-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0843]; NSF Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR) [DMR-0120967]; University of Washington WRF-APL FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-05-1-0843 and NSF Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR), grant number DMR-0120967. Danling Wang was supported in part by University of Washington WRF-APL Fellowship. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 8 BP 2628 EP 2632 DI 10.1039/c2nr30107e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 915YN UT WOS:000302063600013 PM 22434015 ER PT J AU Yakovlev, VV Petrov, GI Zhang, HF Noojin, GD Thomas, PA Denton, ML Rockwell, BA Thomas, RJ AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Petrov, Georgi I. Zhang, Hao F. Noojin, Gary D. Thomas, Patrick A. Denton, Michael L. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Thomas, Robert J. TI Chemically Specific Imaging Through Stimulated Raman Photoexcitation and Ultrasound Detection: Minireview SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO; PHOTOACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE DIAGNOSIS; CARS MICROSCOPY; TUNABLE LASER; CONTRAST AB A powerful combination of chemically specific Raman excitation and deep tissue ultrasound imaging holds the promise to attain spatially resolved distribution of chemical compounds inside the scattering medium. In this report, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent achievements and possible challenges with an eye on potential clinical applications. C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Petrov, Georgi I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Petrov, Georgi I.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Hao F.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] Tas C Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Thomas, Patrick A.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM yakovlev@tamu.edu RI Zhang, Hao/C-2451-2015; Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU NIH [R21EB011703]; NSF (ECS) [0925950]; DBI [0964225]; CBET [1066562] FX The authors acknowledge generous support of the NIH (R21EB011703) and the NSF (ECS Grant #0925950, DBI Grant #0964225, and CBET Grant #1066562). NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 EI 1445-0038 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1071/CH11407 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 912MA UT WOS:000301800900009 PM 23807817 ER PT J AU Wolf, SP Reeves, WK AF Wolf, Stephen P. Reeves, Will K. TI Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Discovered in Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in the Philippines SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia felis; Ctenocephalides felis; dengue; Philippines C1 [Reeves, Will K.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med USAFSAM PHR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Headquarters Air Mobil Command HQ AMC A700, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med USAFSAM PHR, 2947 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913MW UT WOS:000301883100011 ER PT J AU Kettwich, SC Pierson, SN Peloquin, AJ Mabry, JM Iacono, ST AF Kettwich, Sharon C. Pierson, Scott N. Peloquin, Andrew J. Mabry, Joseph M. Iacono, Scott T. TI Anomalous macromolecular assembly of partially fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARYL ETHER COPOLYMERS; OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY-RESIN; SURFACES; POLYMERIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS; FABRICS; MODELS AB Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) compounds were prepared by employing a facile, corner-capping methodology. Using this modular approach, fluorocarbons with varying degree of fluorine content and architecture were installed on the POSS cage of a partially condensed trisilanol. The melting properties of the F-POSS derivatives showed various influence by Si center dot center dot center dot F contacts via intermolecular packing assembly. All F-POSS compounds were characterized by H-1, C-13, F-19, and Si-29 NMR spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, thermal and elemental combustion analysis. C1 [Kettwich, Sharon C.; Pierson, Scott N.; Peloquin, Andrew J.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX JMM credits the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support. We thank Dr Joseph Lichtenhan (Hybrid Plastics) for technical support and donation of commercial POSS compounds. Prof. Gary Balaich (USAFA) is acknowledged for solid state X-ray structure support on POSS compounds 10 and 11. Dr Ashwani Vij (AFRL) is credited for the initial X-ray structure elucidation of F-POSS compounds 2 and 8. We finally express thanks to Stephen Budy (University of Arizona) and Brian Moore (AFRL) for providing 29Si NMR support. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1039/c2nj20922e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 909UZ UT WOS:000301592300013 ER PT J AU Schmisseur, JD Erbland, P AF Schmisseur, John D. Erbland, Peter TI Introduction: Assessment of aerothermodynamic flight prediction tools through ground and flight experimentation SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Aerothermodynamics; Flight experiments; Computational fluid dynamics AB This article provides an introduction and overview to the efforts of NATO Research and Technology Organization Task Group AVT-136, Assessment of Aerothermodynamic Flight Prediction Tools through Ground and Flight Experimentation. During the period of 2006-2010, AVT-136 coordinated international contributions to assess the state-of-the-art and research challenges for the prediction of critical aerothermodynamic flight phenomena based on the extrapolation of ground test and numerical simulation. To achieve this goal, efforts were organized around six scientific topic areas: (1) Noses and leading edges, (2) Shock Interactions and Control Surfaces, (3) Shock Layers and Radiation, (4) Boundary Layer Transition, (5) Gas-Surface Interactions, and (6) Base and Afterbody Flows. A key component of the AVT-136 strategy was comparison of state-of-the-art numerical simulations with data to be acquired from planned flight research programs. Although it was recognized from the onset of AVT-136 activities that reliance on flight research data yet to be collected posed a significant risk, the group concluded the substantial benefit to be derived from comparison of computational simulations with flight data warranted pursuit of such a program of work. Unfortunately, program delays and failures in the flight programs contributing to the AVT-136 effort prevented timely access to flight research data. Despite this setback, most of the scientific topic areas developed by the Task Group made significant progress in the assessment of current capabilities. Additionally, the activities of AVT-136 generated substantial interest within the international scientific research community and the work of the Task Group was prominently featured in a total of six invited sessions in European and American technical conferences. In addition to this overview, reviews of the state-of-the-art and research challenges identified by the six research thrusts of AVT-136 are also included in this special journal edition. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmisseur, John D.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Schmisseur, JD (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM john.Schmisseur@afosr.af.mil FU RTO Applied Vehicle Technologies Panel was instrumental in the organization FX The authors wish to thank all the participants and contributors to AVT-136. Additionally, the support and encouragement of the RTO Applied Vehicle Technologies Panel was instrumental in the organization of this effort. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 48-49 SI SI BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.09.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 912RK UT WOS:000301817100002 ER PT J AU Knight, D Longo, J Drikakis, D Gaitonde, D Lani, A Nompelis, I Reimann, B Walpot, L AF Knight, Doyle Longo, Jose Drikakis, Dimitris Gaitonde, Datta Lani, Andrea Nompelis, Ioannis Reimann, Bodo Walpot, Louis TI Assessment of CFD capability for prediction of hypersonic shock interactions SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Hypersonics; Computational fluid dynamics; Shock waves ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; LINE RELAXATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FLOWS; COMPUTATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB The aerothermodynamic loadings associated with shock wave boundary layer interactions (shock interactions) must be carefully considered in the design of hypersonic air vehicles. The capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to accurately predict hypersonic shock wave laminar boundary layer interactions is examined. A series of independent computations performed by researchers in the US and Europe are presented for two generic configurations (double cone and cylinder) and compared with experimental data. The results illustrate the current capabilities and limitations of modern CFD methods for these flows. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knight, Doyle] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Longo, Jose; Reimann, Bodo] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. [Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lani, Andrea] Von Karman Inst Fluid Dynam, Brussels, Belgium. [Drikakis, Dimitris] Cranfield Univ, Aerosp Sci Dept, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Nompelis, Ioannis] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Knight, D (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM doyleknight@gmail.com OI Lani, Andrea/0000-0003-4017-215X FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0228] FX The research by the first author (DK) is supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-07-1-0228 managed by Dr. John Schmisseur. The assistance of Michael Holden (CUBRC) and Klaus Hannemann (DLR) is gratefully appreciated. Dimitris Drikakis wishes to thank A. Mosedale, S. Tissera and V. Titarev for their support with regard to the numerical simulations. Andrea Lani wishes to thank Dr. Marco Panesi (former collaborator at the VKI), whose role has been fundamental in the implementation of thermal non-equilibrium models used by our flow solvers. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 48-49 SI SI BP 8 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.10.001 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 912RK UT WOS:000301817100003 ER PT J AU Seal, MD Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Seal, M. D. Hyde, M. W. Havrilla, M. J. TI NONDESTRUCTIVE COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY AND PERMEABILITY EXTRACTION USING A TWO-LAYER DUAL-WAVEGUIDE PROBE MEASUREMENT GEOMETRY SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION; DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; CRACK DETECTION; TISSUES; METALS; SYSTEM AB A two-layer dual-waveguide probe measurement geometry is proposed to nondestructively measure the complex permittivity and permeability of planar materials. The new measurement structure consists of two rectangular waveguides attached to a PEC flange plate that is placed against the material under test, followed by a known material layer backed by a PEC. The purpose for this new measurement geometry is to improve the permittivity results obtained using the existing dual-waveguide probe geometries, namely, the PEC-backed and free-space-backed geometries, by permitting a larger electric field into the material under test and increasing the field coupling between the two rectangular waveguide apertures. The theoretical development of the technique is presented extending the existing single-layer PEC-backed method to the proposed two-layer dual-waveguide probe method. The new measurement structure is theoretically analyzed by replacing the waveguide apertures with equivalent magnetic currents as stipulated by Love's equivalence theorem. Making use of the magnetic-current-excited two-layer parallel-plate Green's function and enforcing the continuity of the transverse magnetic fields over the waveguide apertures results in a system of coupled magnetic field integral equations. These coupled magnetic field integral equations are then solved for the theoretical reflection and transmission coefficients using the Method of Moments. The desired complex permittivity and permeability of the material under test are found by minimizing the root-mean-square difference between the theoretical and measured reflection and transmission coefficients, i.e., numerical inversion. Last, experimental results utilizing the new two-layer technique are presented for two magnetic shielding materials and subsequently compared to the existing PEC-backed and free-space-backed dual-waveguide probe geometries. C1 [Seal, M. D.; Hyde, M. W.; Havrilla, M. J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2012 VL 123 BP 123 EP 142 DI 10.2528/PIER11111108 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 897IM UT WOS:000300643000008 ER PT J AU McConney, ME White, TJ Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Yang, DK Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. White, Timothy J. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Yang, Deng-ke Bunning, Timothy J. TI Dynamic high contrast reflective coloration from responsive polymer/cholesteric liquid crystal architectures SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; GELS; NETWORK; ELASTOMERS; HYDROGELS; BEETLES; SOLVENT AB We report on high reflectivity CLC structures (R > 50%) whose wavelength can be thermally tuned reversibly by a de-swelling/re-swelling transition unique to ordered solvent-gel systems. The system contains no chiral dopant and the coloration is completely induced by a responsive chiral structured gel. The de-swelling transition, leading to blue tuning, occurs at the nematic-isotropic transition of the liquid crystal, which is a result of a mismatch in the orientational energy of the isotropic liquid crystal and the anisotropic gel. The re-swelling transition subsequently occurs at the nematic-isotropic transition of gel, due to the miscibility of the isotropic liquid crystal and the isotropic gel, which induces a red-shift in the coloration. Examination of varying clearing point liquid crystal solvents, contact angle measurements, and white light optical profilometry localized thickness measurements shed light on this de-swelling/re-swelling transition. A dynamic, high reflectivity cell was demonstrated by combining both a left-handed chiral gel with a right handed chiral gel, both of whose initial periodicities were equal. Heating of this so-called hyper-reflective cell drove reversible and large scale wavelength changes (100's of nm) while maintaining large reflectivity (R similar to 90%). C1 [McConney, Michael E.; White, Timothy J.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Deng-ke] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Yang, Deng-ke] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dyang@kent.edu; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank Mrs. Jennifer Hurtubise for her help. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Kenji Urayama, Prof. Srikanth Singamaneni and Dr Christopher Bailey for helpful discussions. Funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. MEM gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council for fellowship support. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1039/c1sm05980g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 912IR UT WOS:000301791100011 ER PT S AU Bedford, RG Dang, T Tomich, D AF Bedford, Robert G. Tuoc Dang Tomich, David BE Tropper, AC TI Recent VECSEL developments for Sensors Applications SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) II CY JAN 23-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; DIODES; WELLS; CW AB Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) have proven themselves to be a suitable semiconductor answer to many solid-state lasers. Their simplicity makes them a very versatile platform for accessing wavelengths from the UV through the THz through direct and frequency-converted emission. This wavelength flexibility, combined with an optical cavity accommodating additional tuning or nonlinear elements, make the VECSEL a uniquely suited solution to a variety of applications. We will present recent Air Force Research Laboratory progress in VECSELs and potential applications for these lasers. C1 [Bedford, Robert G.; Tuoc Dang; Tomich, David] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bedford, RG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-885-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8242 AR 82420W DI 10.1117/12.910607 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BZF75 UT WOS:000301422100022 ER PT S AU Fox, CD Perram, GP AF Fox, Charles D. Perram, Glen P. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT Korotkova, O TI Investigation of Radial Temperature Gradients in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS VI ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VI Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves VI CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL); heat load; absorption diagnostic; radial temperature profile AB Heat loads in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) have been investigated using a diode laser to probe the radial dependence of the absorbance. A TiS pump laser heats the medium in a T=50-100 degrees C cesium heat pipe with 5 Torr nitrogen used for quenching. A tunable diode laser probes the spectral absorbance of the cesium cell. Local alkali concentration, temperature, and saturation broadening modify Voigt lineshapes in the wing of the hyperfine split lines. The temperature within the pumped volume exceeds the wall temperature by almost 200 C. C1 [Fox, Charles D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fox, CD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-881-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8238 AR 823806 DI 10.1117/12.906389 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZE74 UT WOS:000301279700005 ER PT S AU Rice, CA Perram, G AF Rice, Christopher A. Perram, Glen BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT Korotkova, O TI Atmospheric Transmission for Cesium DPAL using TDLAS SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS VI ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VI Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves VI CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE TDLAS; Open-Path; Tunable Diode Laser; DPAL; Cesium; water vapor ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSIONS AB The cesium (Cs) Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) operates near 894 nm, in the vicinity of atmospheric water vapor absorption lines. An open-path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption (TDLAS) system composed of narrow band (similar to 300 kHz) diode laser fiber coupled to a 12" Ritchey-Chretien transmit telescope has been used to study the atmospheric transmission characteristics of Cs DPALs over extended paths. The ruggedized system has been field deployed and tested for propagation distances of greater than 1 km. By scanning the diode laser across many free spectral ranges, many rotational absorption features are observed. Absolute laser frequency is monitored with a High Finesse wavemeter to an accuracy of less than 10 MHz. Phase sensitive detection is employed with an absorbance of less than 1% observable under field conditions. C1 [Rice, Christopher A.; Perram, Glen] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, G (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-881-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8238 AR 82380I DI 10.1117/12.906394 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZE74 UT WOS:000301279700012 ER PT J AU Bond, VL Canfield, RA Cooper, JE Blair, M AF Bond, Vanessa L. Canfield, Robert A. Cooper, Jonathan E. Blair, Maxwell TI Experimental Nonlinear Static Deflections of a Subscale Joined Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ISSMO 12th Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP AIAA, ISSMO ID AIRCRAFT; DESIGN C1 [Bond, Vanessa L.] USAF, Operat Test & Evaluat Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cooper, Jonathan E.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. [Blair, Maxwell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bond, VL (reprint author), USAF, Operat Test & Evaluat Ctr, Det 1,187 N Flightline Rd,Bldg 1806, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.2514/1.C031423 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 889LY UT WOS:000300076400034 ER PT J AU White, TJ Zhao, AD Cazzell, SA Bunning, TJ Kosa, T Sukhomlinova, L Smith, TJ Taheri, B AF White, Timothy J. Zhao, Aaron D. Cazzell, Seth A. Bunning, Timothy J. Kosa, Tamas Sukhomlinova, Ludmilla Smith, Timothy J. Taheri, Bahman TI Optically reconfigurable color change in chiral nematic liquid crystals based on indolylfulgide chiral dopants SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FULGIDE DERIVATIVES; REVERSIBLE CONTROL; CHOLESTERIC PITCH; PHASE-TRANSITION; PHOTOCHROMISM AB Stimuli-directed changes in the coloration of chiral nematic liquid crystal devices are in nearly all cases color-restoring upon removal of the input stimulus. This work employs photoresponsive indolylfulgide chiral dopants to generate optically reconfigurable but color-stable reflectivity when formulated with a nematic liquid crystal host to form a chiral nematic mesophase. The optically-directed color change of the chiral nematic material system to UV and blue irradiation is examined as a function of concentration and light intensity. The temporal stability of the reflection notch at arbitrary spectral positions is presented - confirming that long-lasting, optically reconfigurable color changes are obtainable in this material system. The optically reconfigurable color-stable changes in reflection color could be useful as optical filters, smart textiles, or active camouflage. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Zhao, Aaron D.; Cazzell, Seth A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cazzell, Seth A.] Employed Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kosa, Tamas; Sukhomlinova, Ludmilla; Smith, Timothy J.; Taheri, Bahman] Alpha Micron Inc, Kent, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Cazzell, Seth/J-4392-2015 OI Cazzell, Seth/0000-0001-6220-0436 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials; Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We recognize the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and the Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory for financial support of this work. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 12 BP 5751 EP 5757 DI 10.1039/c2jm00098a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 899TC UT WOS:000300838100067 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, B. Brown, G. J. TI Note: Phase sensitive detection of photoluminescence with Fourier transform spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HG1-XCDXTE; INSB AB Although known for more than twenty years, there is limited information in the literature regarding the experimental parameters of lock-in based phase sensitive emission detection in conjunction with Fourier spectrometers. For this technique also known as double modulation spectroscopy - we present a guideline for parameter optimization by measuring the photoluminescence of InSb:Te at cryogenic temperatures. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3677332] C1 [Ullrich, B.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bruno.ullrich.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 1 AR 016105 DI 10.1063/1.3677332 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 896TS UT WOS:000300594900080 PM 22300001 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Cinibulk, MK AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Cinibulk, M. K. TI Modeling Oxidation Kinetics of SiC-Containing Refractory Diborides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; LIQUID OXIDE FLOW; SILICON-CARBIDE; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; DEGREES-C; VISCOSITY; COMPOSITES; AIR; HAFNIUM; ZRB2 AB Experimental data on the oxidation kinetics of SiC-containing diborides of Zr and Hf in the temperature regime of 14732273 similar to K are interpreted using a mechanistic model. The model encompasses counter-current gas diffusion in the internal SiC depleted zone, oxygen permeation through borosilicate glass channels in the oxide scale, and boundary layer evaporation at the surface. The model uses available viscosity, thermodynamic and kinetic data for boria, silica, and borosilicate glasses, and a logarithmic mean approximation for compositional variations. The internal depletion region of SiC is modeled with CO/CO2 counter diffusion as the oxygen transport mechanism. Data reported for pure SiC in air/oxygen, for ZrB2 containing varying volume fractions of SiC, and for SiCHfB2 ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) by different investigations were compared with quantitative predictions of the model. The model is found to provide good correspondence with laboratory-furnace-based experimental data for weight gain, scale thicknesses, and depletion layer thicknesses. Experimental data obtained from arc-jet tests at high enthalpies are found to fall well outside the model predictions, whereas lower enthalpy data were closer to model predictions, suggesting a transition in mechanism in the arc-jet environment. C1 [Parthasarathy, T. A.; Cinibulk, M. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, R. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Opeka, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM triplicane.parthasar-athy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU USAF [FA8650-10-D-5226]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by USAF Contract # FA8650-10-D-5226 which included funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), monitored by Dr. Ali Sayir. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04927.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 871JX UT WOS:000298735300056 ER PT J AU Hafemeister, TL Garner, SG Bath, VE AF Hafemeister, Thomas L. Garner, Sharon G. Bath, Veronica E. TI Forging Links and Renewing Ties: Applying the Principles of Restorative and Procedural Justice to Better Respond to Criminal Offenders with a Mental Disorder SO BUFFALO LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; DSM-IV DISORDERS; HEALTH COURTS; MANDATED TREATMENT; NATIONAL-SURVEY; BROKEN WINDOWS; ILLNESS; PREVALENCE; PUNISHMENT; POLICY C1 [Hafemeister, Thomas L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Law, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hafemeister, Thomas L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Garner, Sharon G.] Rhode Isl Publ Defenders Off, Providence, RI USA. [Bath, Veronica E.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hafemeister, TL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Law, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 282 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU UNIV BUFFALO STATE UNIV NEW YORK PI BUFFALO PA SCHOOL LAW, 605 JOHN LORD O BRIAN HALL, NORTH CAMPUS, BUFFALO, NY 14260 USA SN 0023-9356 J9 BUFFALO LAW REV JI Buffalo Law Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 147 EP 223 PG 77 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 896BN UT WOS:000300540500003 ER PT J AU Noble, AC King, GB Laurendeau, NM Gord, JR Roy, S AF Noble, Andrew C. King, Galen B. Laurendeau, Normand M. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI NONLINEAR THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITY DYNAMICS IN A RIJKE TUBE SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaos; Combustion instabilities; Data-driven; Feedback control; Nonlinear; Thermoacoustics ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL PULSE COMBUSTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROXYL-CONCENTRATION; CONTROLLING CHAOS; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; FLAME; SYSTEMS; HEAT AB We present a data-driven nonlinear and chaos theory-based analysis of thermoacoustic instabilities in a simple Rijke tube. Thermoacoustic instability modes in this simple Rijke tube display very rich nonlinear behavior because of the interaction of acoustic modes and unsteady heat-release processes during combustion. This approach of analyzing thermoacoustic instabilities, their evolution, and interactions differs from traditional linear time-series-based approaches, such as the Fourier transform or the autocorrelation function. The objectives of this work are to address the limitations of conventional linear and model-based nonlinear analyses and to describe the potential of data-driven nonlinear and chaos theory-based analyses to gain a deeper understanding of thermoacoustic instability dynamics for reacting flows. The Rijke tube permits investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of thermoacoustic instabilities in a very systematic way by using picosecond time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (PITLIF) of the OH radical at a rate of 2500 Hz. The 2500-Hz measurement bandwidth is sufficient to capture all thermoacoustic instability modes encountered in the Rijke tube. Through the use of these nontraditional analyses, we find that thermoacoustic instabilities within the Rijke tube contain chaotic behavior. A simple low-order approximate model and a data-adaptive feedback controller are also introduced for the control of thermoacoustic instabilities. C1 [Noble, Andrew C.; King, Galen B.; Laurendeau, Normand M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH USA. RP King, GB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM kinggb@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Chiping Li and Julian Tishkoff, Program Managers). NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 184 IS 3 BP 293 EP 322 DI 10.1080/00102202.2011.635614 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 897GB UT WOS:000300634000002 ER PT J AU Priyadarshi, S Harris, TR Melamed, S Otero, C Kriplani, NM Christoffersen, CE Manohar, R Dooley, SR Davis, WR Franzon, PD Steer, MB AF Priyadarshi, S. Harris, T. R. Melamed, S. Otero, C. Kriplani, N. M. Christoffersen, C. E. Manohar, R. Dooley, S. R. Davis, W. R. Franzon, P. D. Steer, M. B. TI Dynamic electrothermal simulation of three-dimensional integrated circuits using standard cell macromodels SO IET CIRCUITS DEVICES & SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; ICS AB Physics-based compact electrothermal macromodels of standard cells are developed for fast dynamic simulation of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs). Such circuits can have high thermal densities and thermal effects often limit their performance. The macromodels developed here use fewer state-variables than a discrete transistor-level implementation while retaining transistor-level accuracy. This results in significant speed-up over transistor-level simulation for large-scale circuits. The macromodel-based methodology enables robust and significantly faster dynamic electrothermal simulation over the long times required for thermal transients to subside. Consequently, transient junction temperature can be examined in the design phase. Simulated junction and measured surface thermal transients are compared. C1 [Priyadarshi, S.; Harris, T. R.; Melamed, S.; Kriplani, N. M.; Davis, W. R.; Franzon, P. D.; Steer, M. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Otero, C.; Manohar, R.] Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. [Christoffersen, C. E.] Lakehead Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Dooley, S. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Priyadarshi, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM spriyad@ncsu.edu OI Melamed, Samson/0000-0001-9225-5243 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-858X EI 1751-8598 J9 IET CIRC DEVICE SYST JI IET Circ. Devices Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1049/iet-cds.2011.0061 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 896YP UT WOS:000300607700005 ER PT J AU Wheeler, R Shade, PA Uchic, MD AF Wheeler, R. Shade, P. A. Uchic, M. D. TI Insights Gained Through Image Analysis During In Situ Micromechanical Experiments SO JOM LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPRESSION; PLASTICITY; DIMENSIONS AB A custom in situ testing system has been developed to allow the quantitative study of deformation behavior in microsized specimens with compressive or tensile loading, which allows for ready control of the lateral test frame stiffness. Micromechanical tests have been conducted within the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which allows concurrent visualization of plastic flow during the mechanical test. Three distinct experiments are presented for single-crystal nickel-base superalloy Ren, N5, each carried out under the same loading orientation on samples of similar size. The variation in mechanical response as reflected in the stress-strain curves for these experiments can be understood by correlating specimen morphology change during plastic flow with the test boundary conditions. C1 [Wheeler, R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Wheeler, R.] MicroTesting Solut LLC, Columbus, OH USA. [Shade, P. A.; Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wheeler, R (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM robert.wheeler.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge A.R. Shiveley and R. Kerns for their contributions to this work. The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0224-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 898WL UT WOS:000300773000009 ER PT J AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard TI Legal Theory, Law, and Normativity SO JOURNAL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Review DE Joseph Raz; Legal Positivism; Reasons; Normativity AB Joseph Raz's new book, Between Authority and Interpretation, collects his most important papers in the philosophy of law and the theory of practical rationality from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. In these papers, Raz not only advances earlier theses but also breaks new ground in a number of areas. I focus on three of Raz's topics here: theories of law, separability and necessity, and the normativity of law. While I am generally sympathetic to Raz's thinking on these topics, I raise some room for doubt especially with regard to his pessimism about finding a uniquely best theory of law and the relationship between law and morality. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kahn, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM leonardkahn@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1740-4681 J9 J MORAL PHILOS JI J. Moral Philos. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 SI SI BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1163/174552412X619102 PG 12 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 896DM UT WOS:000300545600007 ER PT J AU Fulcoly, DO Kalamaroff, KI Chun, FK AF Fulcoly, Daniel O. Kalamaroff, Katharine I. Chun, Francis K. TI Determining Basic Satellite Shape from Photometric Light Curves SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB As satellites become smaller, it is difficult to resolve their physical details via high-resolution imagery from ground-based sensors. However, other techniques can be used to characterize and describe these satellites. One method is analyzing the photometric signature from the satellite. In this paper, the results of determining a satellite's shape independent of its size and material composition using simulated data from a photometric modeling tool are presented. A total of 54 test cases were used in the study: six satellite passes, three regular polyhedron shapes, and three satellite attitudes. For each combination of pass, shape, and attitude, 3600 telescope locations centered on the satellite pass were created, and simulated photometry signatures of the satellite as observed from each location were generated. Comparing simulated photometry data from four different telescope locations to a phase-angle-magnitude distribution for each satellite shape, it was possible to automatically determine the satellite shape 80% of the time for rotating satellites. When the satellite had a more stable attitude, however, it was only possible to correctly determine the satellite shape 72% of the time. C1 [Fulcoly, Daniel O.; Kalamaroff, Katharine I.; Chun, Francis K.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fulcoly, DO (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Sensors Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Maui High Performance Computing Center and Detachment [15] FX This research was funded in part by Kent Miller of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Joe Koesters of the Sensors Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors thank Doyle Hall of The Boeing Company and Paul Kervin of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for their valuable advice, as well as the use of the photometric modeling tool used in this study. We also thank the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office, the Maui High Performance Computing Center, and Detachment 15, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, for their support to the U.S. Air Force Academy Cadet Research Program, under which some of this research was conducted. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.2514/1.A32002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 891HA UT WOS:000300206600007 ER PT J AU Stryker, AC Jacques, DR AF Stryker, Amie C. Jacques, David R. TI Plug-and-Play Satellite: A Modularity Assessment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCT MODULARITY; DESIGN AB A vector approach, previously developed by the authors, is used to assess the modularity of the 35 kg, low-Earth-orbit, plug-and-play satellite (PnPSat). PnPSat is being developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory in response to the need for an operationally responsive space capability. The modularity assessment addresses module-to-module interfaces along with several fundamental benefits of modularity. These benefits include reusability, flexibility, reconfigurability, and extensibility. A PnPSat function structure was developed first using a functional basis language, followed by module identification using a dominant flow heuristic. PnPSat functions were mapped to modules, and module-to-module interfaces were determined. Finally, the vector modularity measure, which includes the reconfigurability measure, was calculated and assessed for the PnPSat. The results of the assessment show the two benefits of modularity being realized the most by the PnPSat are reusability and extensibility. This application of the modularity assessment extends the initial application from simple products, precision guided munitions, to a more complex product, PnPSat. C1 [Jacques, David R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacques, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.jacques@afit.edu FU ORS Office, Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB), NM FX This research was sponsored in part by the ORS Office, Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB), NM, and supports their vision of improving the nation's means to develop and employ space capabilities in shortened time frames, recognizing the importance of innovation and responsiveness in delivering space capabilities. This research also resulted in part due to the collaboration efforts between the authors and the Space and Missile Systems Center, Development Planning Directorate (SMC/XR), Los Angeles AFB, CA, and the AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB NM. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.2514/1.49549 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 891HA UT WOS:000300206600009 ER PT J AU Naito, C Hoemann, J Beacraft, M Bewick, B AF Naito, Clay Hoemann, John Beacraft, Mark Bewick, Bryan TI Performance and Characterization of Shear Ties for Use in Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Sandwich panel; Prestressed concrete; Composite; Test; Constitutive model AB Insulated precast concrete sandwich wall panels are commonly used for exterior cladding on building structures. The insulation is sandwiched between exterior and interior concrete layers to reduce the heating and cooling costs for the structure. The panels can be designed as composite, partially composite, or noncomposite. Shear ties are used to achieve these varying degrees of composite action between the interior and exterior concrete layers. A variety of shear ties are available for domestic construction. An experimental study was conducted to assess the relative strength and response of these commercially available ties. Fourteen different shear tie types were examined, the failure modes and responses were quantified, and simplified engineer level multilinear strength curves were developed for each connection. The test results indicate that shear ties used in sandwich wall construction have considerable variation in strength, stiffness, and deformability. The maximum shear strength of the discrete ties averaged 9.3 kN (2,100 lbf) with a minimum of 3.2 kN (730 lbf) and maximum of 18.4 kN (4,138 lbf). The ties exhibited elastic-brittle, elastic-plastic, and plastic-hardening responses. The results were used to develop trilinear constitutive relationships, which were used to approximate the flexural response of sandwich wall panels. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000430. (c) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Naito, Clay] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Hoemann, John] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hoemann, John] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Bewick, Bryan] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL USA. RP Naito, C (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM cjn3@lehigh.edu OI Naito, Clay/0000-0003-3835-8131 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA4918-07-D-0001, FA8903-08-D-8768] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Robert Dinan and Dr. Michael Hammons, Program Managers) for funding this work under contracts FA4918-07-D-0001 and FA8903-08-D-8768. The experiments were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory located at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, and at the University of Missouri-Columbia under Professor Hani Salim. The work was conducted under a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) between the Portland Cement Association, the Prestressed/Precast Concrete Institute, and the Tilt-Up Concrete Association. The authors would like to thank John Sullivan, Jason Krohn, Michael Sugrue, and the member companies of these organizations for technical and fabrication support of the research. The authors would also like to thank the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for efforts in revising this document. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000430 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 894PX UT WOS:000300440000006 ER PT J AU DiPietro, RS Manolakis, DG Lockwood, RB Cooley, T Jacobson, J AF DiPietro, Robert S. Manolakis, Dimitris G. Lockwood, Ronald B. Cooley, Thomas Jacobson, John TI Hyperspectral matched filter with false-alarm mitigation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; hyperspectral imaging; target detection; matched filter; false alarm mitigation AB One of the fundamental challenges for a hyperspectral imaging surveillance system is the detection of sub-pixel objects in background clutter. The background surrounding the object, which acts as interference, provides the major obstacle to successful detection. One algorithm that is widely used in hyperspectral detection and successfully suppresses the background in many situations is the matched filter detector. However, the matched filter also produces false alarms in many situations. We use three simple and well-established concepts-the target-background replacement model, the matched filter, and Mahalanobis distance-to develop the matched filter with false alarm mitigation (MF-FAM), a dual-threshold detector capable of eliminating many matched filter false alarms. We compare this algorithm to the mixture tuned matched filter (MTMF), a popular approach to matched filter false alarm mitigation found in the ENVI (R) software environment. The two algorithms are shown to produce nearly identical results using real hyperspectral data, but the MF-FAM is shown to be operationally, computationally, and theoretically simpler than the MTMF. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.016202] C1 [DiPietro, Robert S.; Manolakis, Dimitris G.; Lockwood, Ronald B.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Cooley, Thomas] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jacobson, John] Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DiPietro, RS (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM r.dipietro@ll.mit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 AR 016202 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.016202 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 896ZV UT WOS:000300611300052 ER PT J AU Vretenar, N Newell, TC Carson, T Peterson, P Lucas, T Latham, WP Bostanci, H Huddle-Lindauer, JJ Saarloos, BA Rini, D AF Vretenar, Natasa Newell, Tim C. Carson, Tyler Peterson, Phillip Lucas, Tim Latham, William P. Bostanci, Huseyin Huddle-Lindauer, Jennifer J. Saarloos, Benjamin A. Rini, Dan TI Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser materials; ytterbium lasers; solid-state lasers; diode-pumped lasers; optical materials ID YB-YAG LASER AB A ceramic ytterbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) thin-disk laser is investigated at 15 degrees C (288 K) and also at 80 K, where it behaves as a four-level laser. We introduce a new two-phase spray cooling method to cool the Yb:YAG. One system relies on R134a refrigerant while the other uses liquid nitrogen (LN2). The use of two systems allows the same disk to be tested at the two temperatures. When the Yb: YAG is cooled from room to cryogenic temperatures, the lasing threshold drops from 155 W to near 10 W, while the slope efficiency increases from 54% to a 63%. A 277 W laser with 520 W of pump is demonstrated. We also model the thermal and structural properties at these two temperatures and estimate the beam quality. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.014201] C1 [Vretenar, Natasa] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Newell, Tim C.; Carson, Tyler; Latham, William P.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Peterson, Phillip; Lucas, Tim] Boeing LTS Inc, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bostanci, Huseyin; Huddle-Lindauer, Jennifer J.; Saarloos, Benjamin A.; Rini, Dan] RINI Technol, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. RP Vretenar, N (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tim.newell@kirtland.af.mil FU High Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office (JTO-HEL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0463] FX The authors would like to thank the High Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office (JTO-HEL) for support and Mr. M. Revak for technical assistance. Natasa Vretenar would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for support under grant FA9550-10-1-0463. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 AR 014201 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.014201 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 896ZV UT WOS:000300611300036 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MD Thompson, SJ Knox, KL AF McCarthy, Michael D. Thompson, Sanna J. Knox, Kerry L. TI Use of the Air Force Post-Deployment Health Reassessment for the Identification of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Public Health Implications for Suicide Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; WAR; VETERANS; MILITARY; TRAUMA; RISK AB Objectives. Military members are required to complete the Post-Deployment Health Assessment on return from deployment and the Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (PHDRA) 90 to 180 days later, and we assessed the PDHRA's sensitivity and specificity in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after a military deployment among US Air Force personnel. Methods. We computed the PDHRA's sensitivity and specificity for depression and PTSD and developed a structural model to suggest possible improvements to it. Results. For depression, sensitivity and specificity were 0.704 and 0.651, respectively; for PTSD, they were 0.774 and 0.650, respectively. Several variables produced significant direct effects on depression and trauma, suggesting that modifications could increase its sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions. The PDHRA was moderately effective in identifying airmen with depression and PTSD. It identified behavioral health concerns in many airmen who did not develop a diagnostic mental health condition. Its low level of specificity may result in reduced barriers to care and increased support services, key components of a public health approach to suicide prevention, for airmen experiencing subacute levels of distress after deployment, which may, in part, account for lower suicide rates among airmen after deployment. (Am J Public Health. 2012;102:S60-S65. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300580) C1 [Thompson, Sanna J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Social Work, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McCarthy, Michael D.] USAF, Med Support Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. [Knox, Kerry L.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. RP Thompson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sch Social Work, 1 Univ Stn,D3510, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sannathompson@mail.utexas.edu NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2012 VL 102 SU 1 BP S60 EP S65 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300580 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 893EO UT WOS:000300338600020 PM 22390604 ER PT J AU Castruita, G Garcia, V Arias, E Moggio, I Ziolo, R Ponce, A Gonzalez, V Haley, JE Flikkema, JL Cooper, T AF Castruita, Griselda Garcia, Vladimir Arias, Eduardo Moggio, Ivana Ziolo, Ronald Ponce, Arturo Gonzalez, Virgilio Haley, Joy E. Flikkema, Jonathan L. Cooper, Thomas TI Synthesis, optical and structural properties of sanidic liquid crystal (cholesteryl)benzoate-ethynylene oligomers and polymer SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHENYLENE-ETHYNYLENE OLIGOMERS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; EXCITON CHIRALITY METHOD; ROD CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; NONLINEAR OPTICS; POLY(P-PHENYLENEETHYNYLENE)S; PLANARIZATION; BACKBONE; BEHAVIOR AB (Cholesteryl)benzoateethynylene oligomers having 3, 5 and 7 repeat units and the homologue polymer were synthesized by a divergence-convergence approach by the Sonogashira-Heck reaction. Their chemical structure was analyzed by H-1, C-13 NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. X-Ray diffraction patterns of all the materials show only a first order peak at 2.05 degrees in 2 theta, indicative of a lamellar order within a distance of 4.3 nm. This is twice the calculated distance of a molecule in its more extended conformation, i.e. of 2.15 nm, and is consistent with a disordered Smectic A phase for the trimer and pentamer and a nematic phase for the heptamer and polymer. The most probable model of organization corresponds to a supramolecular assembly in bilayers, where the cholesteryl chains are oriented in an opposite sense, i.e. in a back-to-back "comb like'' fashion, which is in agreement with AM1 semiempirical optimization and DFT theoretical calculations. Since the molecular shape of the materials is consistent with brick or board-like structures and the molecules are stacked in blocks randomly oriented as observed by High Resolution Transmission Microscopy, the (cholesteryl) benzoateethynylene materials could be described as Sanidic LCs as a general term to classify their mesomorphic behavior. Optical properties are discussed in terms of the conjugation length and the terminal groups, iodine or in one case, hydrogen. In general the results confirm that all the molecules assume in solution a more planar conformational geometry when passing from the ground to the excited state as confirmed by the theoretical calculations. Circular dichroism spectra measured were consistent with the observed structural properties. C1 [Castruita, Griselda; Garcia, Vladimir; Arias, Eduardo; Moggio, Ivana; Ziolo, Ronald; Ponce, Arturo] Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. [Garcia, Vladimir; Gonzalez, Virgilio] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ing Mecan & Elect, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, Mexico. [Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Flikkema, Jonathan L.] SOCHE Student Res Program, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Arias, E (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. EM earias@ciqa.mx RI Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/L-4712-2013 OI Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/0000-0001-5529-6468 FU Mexican National Council for Science and Technology [98513R]; American Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0138]; CONACYT [192696] FX We wish to acknowledge the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology for the financial support of the project 98513R and the American Air Force Office of Scientific Research for grant FA9550-10-1-0138. The authors also thank CONACYT for the PhD scholarship of G. C. 192696 and Dr Donald H. Galvan for the computer time at the CCMC-UNAM and Gabriela Padron for technical support. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3770 EP 3780 DI 10.1039/c2jm14918d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 890ZX UT WOS:000300187000016 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Wellems, LD AF Huang, Danhong Wellems, L. David BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Analytic Calculation for Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Linear Slot Array SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IX CY JAN 22-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE linear slot array; scattering of electromagnetic field; slot-eigenmide expansion ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; TRANSMISSION; LIGHT AB For the scattering of an incident plane electromagnetic wave by a slotted metallic film, the previous analytical calculation for a single slot is generalized into a model for an arbitrary linear array of slots with variable slot width, slot separation and slot dielectric material. The advantage as well as the effectiveness of the generalized model presented in this work are best described by enabling calculation of a continuous spatial distribution of an electromagnetic field by inverting a small discrete coefficient matrix spanned by both the slot index and the slot-eigenmode index for a set of linear equations. In comparisons with well-known plane-wave and finite-difference time-domain methods, inverting a large matrix, in wave number space for the former case and in real space at each time step for the latter case, can be avoided to greatly speed up numerical calculations. In addition, based on a partial-domain method, the formalism presented here can be employed to treat a composite surface (e. g., a slotted metal film with different dielectric materials in the slots). C1 [Huang, Danhong; Wellems, L. David] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-911-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8268 AR 826804 DI 10.1117/12.913014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BYT71 UT WOS:000300191700003 ER PT J AU Mizuno, DR Price, SD Kraemer, KE Kuchar, TA Johnston, JC AF Mizuno, Donald R. Price, Stephan D. Kraemer, Kathleen E. Kuchar, Thomas A. Johnston, Janet C. TI Debris swarms seen by SMEI SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Space debris; Solar Mass Ejection Imager ID MASS-EJECTION IMAGER AB The large 3 degrees x 60 degrees fields-of-view of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) instruments are oriented on the stabilized Coriolis satellite to image most of the sky each Sun-synchronous orbit. Besides observing coronal mass ejections, the SMEI mission objective, SMEI also has detected a plethora of Earth-orbiting satellites (resident space objects or RSOs) brighter than similar to 8th magnitude at a rate of about 1 per minute. Occasionally, SMEI sees an RSO swarm: a sudden onset of a large number of RSOs, many more than the nominal rate, upto dozens detected in a 4-s frame. These swarms usually last for a few minutes. A sample of six such RSO ensembles is analyzed in this paper in which the distance and the direction of the velocity vector for individual objects are estimated. We present the observational evidence indicating that the swarms must be near-field objects traveling in orbits near that of Coriolis, and that the relatively speeds between the objects and Coriolis are low. Further, analyses indicate that the RSOs are quite close (<20 m) and are generally moving radially away from the satellite. The predicted encounter geometries for Coriolis passing through or near a small debris cloud is, generally, quite inconsistent with the observations. The most likely explanation consistent with the observations is that SMEI is seeing debris being ejected from the Coriolis spacecraft itself. An analysis of distance and brightness for a subset of the RSOs indicates that the median diameter of the debris particles is similar to 80 mu m. (C) 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mizuno, Donald R.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Price, Stephan D.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.; Johnston, Janet C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM kathleen.kraemer@bc.edu OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 162 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.09.006 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 887YY UT WOS:000299972200015 ER PT J AU Alley, JB Fenton, SJ Harnisch, MC Tapper, DN Pfluke, JM Peterson, RM AF Alley, Joshua B. Fenton, Stephen J. Harnisch, Michael C. Tapper, Donovan N. Pfluke, Jason M. Peterson, Richard M. TI Quality of life after sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding SO SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bariatric surgery; Gastrectomy; Gastroplasty; Quality of life ID SUPER-OBESE-PATIENT; WEIGHT-LOSS; BARIATRIC SURGERY; MORBID-OBESITY; GHRELIN LEVELS; BYPASS; COMPLICATIONS; GASTROPLASTY; OPERATION; IMPACT AB Background: With the addition of laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to the bariatric surgery procedural toolkit, patients desiring a restrictive bariatric procedure often choose between adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and SG. One study compared quality of life after these 2 procedures and found no difference. The purpose of our study was to re-evaluate the postoperative quality of life in LAGB and SG patients at a military teaching hospital in the United States. Methods: A retrospective review of 108 consecutive laparoscopic restrictive bariatric procedures performed within 15 months at a Department of Defense hospital was conducted. Of these 108 patients, 69 had undergone laparoscopic vertical SG and 39 LAGB. A validated quality of life questionnaire (Bariatric Quality of Life) was conducted a mean of 9.3 +/- 3.2 months (range 5-16) postoperatively. The weight loss and standard laboratory parameters were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: The quality of life assessment revealed significantly better scores after SG than after LAGB (66.5 versus 57.9, P = .0002). The excess weight loss and excess body mass index loss at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were significantly greater in the laparoscopic SG group. The patients demonstrated a clear preference over time for SG once it was offered. Conclusion: Early postoperative quality of life was superior after SG than after LAGB. SG also resulted in superior early excess weight loss. In a practice not constrained by reimbursement, these findings were associated with increased patient choice of SG after it began to be offered. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2012;8:31-40.) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. C1 [Alley, Joshua B.; Fenton, Stephen J.; Harnisch, Michael C.; Tapper, Donovan N.; Pfluke, Jason M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Alley, Joshua B.; Fenton, Stephen J.; Pfluke, Jason M.; Peterson, Richard M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Alley, Joshua B.; Fenton, Stephen J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, US Dept Def, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Alley, JB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 59th SSS SGO2G, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joshalleymd@hotmail.com NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1550-7289 J9 SURG OBES RELAT DIS JI Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.soard.2011.03.009 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 888DI UT WOS:000299983600005 PM 21620778 ER PT J AU Velankar, SS Lai, V Vaia, RA AF Velankar, Sachin S. Lai, Victoria Vaia, Richard A. TI Swelling-Induced Delamination Causes Folding of Surface-Tethered Polymer Gels SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE folds; delamination; creases; buckles; wrinkles; swelling ID INSTABILITY; COATINGS; PATTERNS; STRESS; FILMS AB When a polymer film that is weakly attached to a rigid substrate is exposed to solvent, swelling-induced compressive stress nucleates buckle delamination of the film from the substrate. Surprisingly, the buckles do not have a sinusoidal profile, instead, the film near the delamination buckles slides toward the buckles causing growth of sharp folds of high aspect ratio. These folds do not result from a wrinkle-to-fold transition; instead, the film goes directly from a flat state to a folded state. The folds persist even after the solvent evaporates. We propose that patterned delamination and folding may be exploited to realize high-aspect ratio topological features on surfaces through control of a set of boundary constraints arising from the interrelation of film-surface adhesion, film thickness and degree of swellabilty. C1 [Velankar, Sachin S.; Lai, Victoria] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Velankar, SS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM velankar@pitt.edu FU ASEE; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0329] FX This work was supported by the ASEE Summer Fellowship program, and by the AFOSR (Natural Materials and Systems & Extremeophiles program) under Award No. FA9550-10-1-0329. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1021/am201428m PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 880LV UT WOS:000299409500005 PM 22200108 ER PT J AU Kichambare, P Rodrigues, S Kumar, J AF Kichambare, Padmakar Rodrigues, Stanley Kumar, Jitendra TI Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Glass Ceramic Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon; lithium-air; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; discharge cell capacity; solid-state lithium-oxygen battery ID RECHARGEABLE LI-O-2 BATTERIES; AIR BATTERY; ELECTROLYTES; REDUCTION; GRAPHENE; CELLS AB The composite of nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) blend with lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) was studied as cathode material in a solid-state lithium oxygen cell. Composite electrodes exhibit high electrochemical activity toward oxygen reduction. Compared to the cell capacity of N-C blend cathode, N-C/LAGP composite cathode exhibits six times higher discharge cell capacity. A significant enhancement in cell capacity is attributed to higher electrocatalytic activity and fast lithium ion conduction ability of LAGP in the cathode. C1 [Kichambare, Padmakar; Rodrigues, Stanley] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kumar, Jitendra] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Electrochem Power Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kichambare, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM PadmakarKichambare@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1021/am201513d PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 880LV UT WOS:000299409500010 PM 22148159 ER PT J AU Ramana, CV Noor-A-Alam, M Gengler, JJ Jones, JG AF Ramana, C. V. Noor-A-Alam, M. Gengler, Jamie J. Jones, John G. TI Growth, Structure, and Thermal Conductivity of Yttria-Stabilized Hafnia Thin Films SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE yttria-stabilized hafnia; thin films; growth; structure; thermal conductivity; time-domain thermoreflectance ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ZIRCONIA; REFLECTIVITY; DIELECTRICS; SYSTEM; HFO2; ZRO2 AB Yttria-stabilized hafnia (YSH) films of 90 nm thickness have been produced using sputter-deposition by varying the growth temperature (T-s) from room-temperature (RT) to 400 degrees C. The effect of T-s on the structure, morphology, and thermal conductivity of YSH films has been investigated. Structural studies indicate that YSH films crystallize in the cubic phase. The lattice constant decreases from 5.15 to 5.10 angstrom with increasing T-s. The average grain size (L) increases with increasing T-s; L-T-s relationship indicates the thermally activated process of the crystallization of YSH films. The analyses indicate a critical temperature to promote nanocrystalline, cubic YSH films is 300 degrees C, which is higher compare to that of pure monoclinic HfO2 films. Compared to pure nanocrystaliine hafnia, the addition of yttria lowers the effective thermal conductivity, The effect of grain size on thermal conductivity is also explored. C1 [Ramana, C. V.; Noor-A-Alam, M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramana, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM rvchintalapalle@utep.edu FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FE0000765]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This material is based on the work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under Award DE-FE0000765. The authors at the University of Texas at El Paso acknowledge with pleasure the support from DOE. The thermal conductivity measurement system acquisition and operation at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported under Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1021/am2012596 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 880LV UT WOS:000299409500033 PM 22148322 ER PT J AU Patton, LK Frost, SW Rigling, BD AF Patton, L. K. Frost, S. W. Rigling, B. D. TI Efficient design of radar waveforms for optimised detection in coloured noise SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DESIGN; LIMITED CONDITIONS; OPTIMUM WAVEFORMS; SONAR ENVIRONMENT; BURST WAVEFORMS; CLUTTER; TARGETS; PERFORMANCE; CONSTRAINT AB The authors present a computationally efficient method for designing practical radar transmit waveforms that maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in a known additive coloured Gaussian noise environment. The problem reduces to a non-linear constrained optimisation in which the authors seek the SINR-maximising transmit waveform that has a specified envelope and an acceptable autocorrelation sequence (ACS). The waveform ACS can be constrained either directly or indirectly. The direct approach involves forcing the ACS magnitude below a specified level at each lag. This provides the greatest control over the waveform ACS, but it is too computationally demanding for many realistic problem sizes. Indirect methods of ACS constraint can be computationally less demanding, but they afford only inexact control over the waveform ACS. The leading indirect approach, which relies on the so-called similarity constraint, requires significantly fewer calculations than the direct approach, but it provides significantly less SINR improvement. The indirect approach presented here relies on a parametrisation of the phase perturbations of a linear frequency modulated waveform. This approach requires fewer calculations than the direct approach, and can provide more SINR improvement than the similarity constraint approach. As such, this new approach may be preferable when computation time is limited. C1 [Patton, L. K.] Matrix Res, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Frost, S. W.] USAF, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Div Radar, Sensors Directorate,Lab AFRL RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, B. D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 313, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Patton, LK (reprint author), Matrix Res, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM lee.patton@matrixresearch.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Institute of Technology FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jon Sjogren of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work, and Dr. Matthew Fickus of the Air Force Institute of Technology for assistance with the proof in Appendix 1. Opinions and statements contained in this document are entirely the author's own, and do not constitute an official position of the United States Air Force. Any errors or omissions are our own.; Patton completed part of this work as an employee of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2011.0071 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 886AD UT WOS:000299821700004 ER PT J AU Hall, AB Northern, D AF Hall, Andrew B. Northern, David TI Effect of Abdominal Binders on Pulmonary Mechanics with Implications for the Military Surgical Population SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE surgery; abdominal binder; pulmonary function AB OBJECTIVE: After percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement, many surgeons will place an abdominal binder to protect the tube. Analysis of the literature shows mixed data as to the safety of abdominal binders with respect to pulmonary function. In this study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were used to assess changes in pulmonary status with and without an abdominal binder in volunteer active-duty personnel. DESIGN: Patient's forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVI), forced expiratory flow (FEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF) maximal inspiratory (P-i max) and expiratory pressures (P-e max), total lung capacity (TLC), vital capacity (VC), functional reserve capacity (FRC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV) were measured with and without an elastic abdominal binder in prone, 30 degree and 60 degree positions in 5 male and 5 female active-duty personnel. SETTING: 81st Medical Group Clinical Research Laboratory at Keesler AFB, MS. PARTICIPANTS: Five male and five female active-duty personnel of multiple ethnicities weighing between 125 and 240 lb. RESULTS: There were multiple statistically significant differences in the effect on lung function in the combined data between males and females, including maximum inspiratory pressure (Pi Max) at 60 degree head-of-bed elevation and RV and TLC in the supine position (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant effect on expiratory pressures at any head-of-bed position. CONCLUSIONS: In otherwise healthy active-duty members, abdominal binder placement has a small but statistically significant effect on some lung function but not on parameters that would impede airway protection. For the purpose of protecting wounds, specifically PEG tubes, we conclude that abdominal binders cause no significant safety risk. (J Surg 69:34-36. (C) 2012 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) C1 [Hall, Andrew B.; Northern, David] 81st Med Grp, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Hall, AB (reprint author), 81st Med Grp, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM andrew.hall.2@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-7204 J9 J SURG EDUC JI J. Surg. Educ. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.06.001 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Surgery SC Education & Educational Research; Surgery GA 881DL UT WOS:000299460600007 PM 22208829 ER PT J AU Blanco, CFC Pal, C Ojeda, JJ Ray, AK Sharma, AK AF Blanco, Carlos F. Cruz Pal, Chandana Ojeda, Jesus J. Ray, Asim K. Sharma, Ashwani K. TI Morphological and Elemental Studies on Titania Thin Films Electrodeposited at Different Bath Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDE-FILMS; TIO2; ANATASE; DIOXIDE; RUTILE; ABSORPTION AB Polycrystalline titania (TiO2) films were prepared by 30 minutes long annealing at 823 K of TiO2 hydrates electrodeposited on the ultrasonically cleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate from the chemical bath of titanyl sulphate at four different temperatures from 296 K to 353 K. The film grew in thickness monotonically from 53 nm to 113 nm with the rise in bath temperature. The Raman spectra of the annealed films which were deposited at the bath temperature of 336 K exhibited the highest degree of the anatase phase. Optical absorption in the annealed TiO2 was found to be due to indirect allowed transitions over the band gap of 3.4 eV. The transformation from amorphous to crystalline structure on annealing was observed in the XRD pattern and the AFM image. The grain size was estimated to be 88 nm from XRD measurements. The correct stoichiometry of the TiO2 film was achieved according to the X-ray photoelectron analysis. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.016202jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Blanco, Carlos F. Cruz] Univ London, Sch Engn & Mat Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Pal, Chandana; Ojeda, Jesus J.; Ray, Asim K.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Se Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Blanco, CFC (reprint author), Univ London, Sch Engn & Mat Sci, London E1 4NS, England. EM asim.ray@brunel.ac.uk RI Ojeda, Jesus/B-9488-2009 OI Ojeda, Jesus/0000-0002-2046-1010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-08-1-3034, FA8655-10-1-3056] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-08-1-3034 and FA8655-10-1-3056. The experimental work was carried out at Queen Mary, University of London and Brunel University, U.K. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 2 BP E30 EP E36 DI 10.1149/2.016202jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 869YY UT WOS:000298637500060 ER PT J AU Schrock, CR Wood, AW AF Schrock, Christopher R. Wood, Aihua W. TI Distributional Monte Carlo Solution Technique for Rarefied Gasdynamics SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP AIAA, ASME ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; CONVERGENCE PROOF; SIMULATION SCHEME; GAS C1 [Schrock, Christopher R.; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schrock, CR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.schrock@wpafb.al.af.mil; aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.2514/1.T3700 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 885FS UT WOS:000299764500021 ER PT J AU Douglas, EA Chang, CY Gila, BP Holzworth, MR Jones, KS Liu, L Kim, J Jang, S Via, GD Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Douglas, E. A. Chang, C. Y. Gila, B. P. Holzworth, M. R. Jones, K. S. Liu, L. Kim, Jinhyung Jang, Soohwan Via, G. D. Ren, F. Pearton, S. J. TI Investigation of the effect of temperature during off-state degradation of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Reliability of Compound Semiconductors (ROCS)/Conference on Compound Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology (CS ManTech) CY MAY 16, 2011 CL Indian Wells, CA ID CRITICAL VOLTAGE; GAN; HEMTS; SPECTROSCOPY; RELIABILITY; OXIDATION; BREAKDOWN; DEFECTS; OXIDE AB AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors were found to exhibit a negative temperature dependence of the critical voltage (V-CRI) for irreversible device degradation to occur during bias-stressing. At elevated temperatures, devices exhibited similar gate leakage currents before and after biasing to V-CRI, independent of both stress temperature and critical voltage. Though no crack formation was observed after stress, cross-sectional TEM indicates a breakdown in the oxide interfacial layer due to high reverse gate bias. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Douglas, E. A.; Chang, C. Y.; Gila, B. P.; Holzworth, M. R.; Jones, K. S.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Liu, L.; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kim, Jinhyung; Jang, Soohwan] Dankook Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Yongin 448701, South Korea. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Douglas, EA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rede0001@ufl.edu RI LIU, LU/H-2307-2013; Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775; Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223; NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2011.09.018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 884MQ UT WOS:000299712600005 ER PT J AU Stahl, M Gomez, R Waibel, K AF Stahl, Mark Gomez, Robert Waibel, Kirk TI Allergy to local anesthetics: specific IgE demonstration to both amides and esters in a single patient SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ADVERSE-REACTIONS; MEPIVACAINE; EXPERIENCE C1 [Stahl, Mark; Gomez, Robert; Waibel, Kirk] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Stahl, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM mark.stahl@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 877MS UT WOS:000299187200018 PM 22192971 ER PT J AU Lore, MB Heimbuch, BK Brown, TL Wander, JD Hinrichs, SH AF Lore, Michael B. Heimbuch, Brian K. Brown, Teanne L. Wander, Joseph D. Hinrichs, Steven H. TI Effectiveness of Three Decontamination Treatments against Influenza Virus Applied to Filtering Facepiece Respirators SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE bioaerosol; decontamination; healthcare workers; influenza virus; N95 respirator; respirator reuse ID ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; SURVIVAL; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; RADIATION; MECHANISM; STATE AB Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are recommended for use as precautions against airborne pathogenic microorganisms; however, during pandemics demand for FFRs may far exceed availability. Reuse of FFRs following decontamination has been proposed but few reported studies have addressed the feasibility. Concerns regarding biocidal efficacy, respirator performance post decontamination, decontamination cost, and user safety have impeded adoption of reuse measures. This study examined the effectiveness of three energetic decontamination methods [ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), microwave-generated steam, and moist heat] on two National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-certified N95 FFRs (3M models 1860s and 1870) contaminated with H5N1. An aerosol settling chamber was used to apply virus-laden droplets to FFRs in a method designed to simulate respiratory deposition of droplets onto surfaces. When FFRs were examined post decontamination by viral culture, all three decontamination methods were effective, reducing virus load by > 4 log median tissue culture infective dose. Analysis of treated FFRs using a quantitative molecular amplification assay (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) indicated that UVGI decontamination resulted in lower levels of detectable viral RNA than the other two methods. Filter performance was evaluated before and after decontamination using a 1% NaCl aerosol. As all FFRs displayed < 5% penetration by 300-nm particles, no profound reduction in filtration performance was caused in the FFRs tested by exposure to virus and subsequent decontamination by the methods used. These findings indicate that, when properly implemented, these methods effectively decontaminate H5N1 on the two FFR models tested and do not drastically affect their filtering function; however, other considerations may influence decisions to reuse FFRs. C1 [Lore, Michael B.; Brown, Teanne L.; Hinrichs, Steven H.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Heimbuch, Brian K.] Appl Res Associates, Engn & Sci Div, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hinrichs, SH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM mlore@unmc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-C-5911] FX Air Force Research Laboratory Contract Number FA8650-07-C-5911 to S.H.H. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mer054 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 879RN UT WOS:000299349800011 PM 21859950 ER PT J AU Tam, CC Hoover, AZ Elias, AR AF Tam, Christine C. Hoover, Aaron Z. Elias, Anthony R. TI What Is Your Diagnosis? Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VARIANT; ENTITY C1 [Hoover, Aaron Z.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Elias, Anthony R.] Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 13 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 880KY UT WOS:000299407200003 PM 22439303 ER PT J AU Mall, S Nye, AR Jefferson, G AF Mall, Shankar Nye, Andrew R. Jefferson, George TI Tension-Tension Fatigue Behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/Alumina under Combustion Environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITE; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; POROUS-MATRIX; EXPOSURE AB Fatigue behavior of Nextel720 (TM)/alumina was investigated under combustion environment, which was then compared with that in laboratory environment. Fatigue strength for 90,000 cycles was equal to 150 MPa under combustion condition, while 170 MPa in laboratory environment. However, normalized fatigue strength (ratio of fatigue strength and ultimate tensile strength) was equal in combustion and laboratory environments. The difference in fatigue strength was due to thermal stresses from impingement of combustion flame on one side of specimen. Fractographic analysis showed that combustion had little effect on fiber/matrix bonding in only flame impingement region. Combustion environment was not thus damaging to Nextel720 (TM)/alumina. C1 [Mall, Shankar; Nye, Andrew R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nye, Andrew R.; Jefferson, George] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02625.x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 875YM UT WOS:000299072100020 ER PT J AU Tuller, H Paolello, JM AF Tuller, Hugh Paolello, Josephine M. TI Watch for Those Fragments of Evidence: The Use of an Automatic Timepiece to Help Correlate a Helicopter Crash Site from the Vietnam War SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic archaeology; time since death; circumstantial evidence; automatic wristwatch; Vietnam War AB This case study illustrates the use of the date function on an automatic wristwatch to help identify a Vietnam War helicopter crash site. The location of a crash incident can sometimes be uncertain because of inadequate or inaccurate wartime records and the passage of time. Artifacts recovered from a prospective crash scene are regularly used to correlate the loss incident. In this case study, a recovered automatic watch displayed a date 2 days later than the reported loss incident. Although the date conflicts with the aircraft crash incident report, it is observed that a fully wound automatic watch continues to work for c. 2 days after movement of the watch ceases. Thus, the watchs date in fact correlates with the aircraft crash incident report. It is noted that automatic watches may also be used to date scenes of crime. C1 [Tuller, Hugh] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, JBPHH, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Paolello, Josephine M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Anthropol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tuller, H (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, JBPHH, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM hugh.tuller@jpac.pacom.mil FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through FX Supported in part by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the JPAC-CIL. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01917.x PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 872FI UT WOS:000298793800044 PM 21939442 ER PT J AU Zeineh, CF Cole, LK Roth, T Karagozian, AR Cambier, JL AF Zeineh, Christopher F. Cole, Lord K. Roth, Timothy Karagozian, Ann R. Cambier, Jean-Luc TI Magnetohydrodynamic Augmentation of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engines SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; IMPULSE AB Pulse detonation engines are the focus of increasing attention due to their potentially superior performance over constant-pressure cycle engines. Yet, due to its unsteady chamber pressure, the pulse detonation engine system will either be over- or underexpanded for the majority of the cycle, with energy being used without maximum gain. Magnetohydrodynamic augmentation offers the opportunity to extract energy and apply it to a separate stream where the net thrust can be increased. With magnetohydrodynamic augmentation, such as in the pulse detonation rocket-induced magnetohydrodynamic ejector concept, energy could be extracted from the high-speed portion of the system (e.g., through a magnetohydrodynamic generator in the nozzle) and then applied directly to another flow or portion of the flow as a body force. This paper explores flow processes and the potential performance of such propulsion systems via high-resolution numerical simulations. In the pulse detonation rocket-induced magnetohydrodynamic ejector, at the appropriate point in the pulse detonation engine cycle, the magnetohydrodynamic energy extracted from the nozzle is applied in a separate bypass tube by a magnetohydrodynamic accelerator, which acts to accelerate the bypass air and potentially impart an overall net positive thrust to the system. An additional magnetic piston applying energy in the pulse detonation engine chamber can also act in concert with the pulse detonation rocket-induced magnetohydrodynamic ejector for separate or additional thrust augmentation. Results show potential performance gains under many flight and operating conditions (as high as a 6% increase in total impulse per cycle) but with some challenges associated with achieving these gains, suggesting further analysis and optimization are required. C1 [Zeineh, Christopher F.; Karagozian, Ann R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cambier, Jean-Luc] USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Karagozian, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ark@seas.ucla.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research at University of California, Los Angeles [FA9550-07-1-0156, FA9550-07-1-0368] FX This research has been supported at University of California, Los Angeles, by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Space Power and Propulsion program managed by Mitat Birkan (grants FA9550-07-1-0156 and FA9550-07-1-0368). The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Xing He of HyperComp, Inc., in the early stages of this work. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.2514/1.B34146 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881DU UT WOS:000299461500014 ER PT J AU Sun, HS Chen, AT Abeysinghe, D Szep, A Kim, RS AF Sun, Haishan Chen, Antao Abeysinghe, Don Szep, Attila Kim, Richard S. TI Reduction of scattering loss of silicon slot waveguides by RCA smoothing SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS REDUCTION; OXIDATION; PROFILE AB Because of stronger optical confinement density, silicon slot waveguides tend to have higher scattering loss than normal ridge waveguides with same sidewall roughness. A wet chemical process is found to be highly effective in reducing the surface roughness and scattering loss. A reduction in scattering loss by 10.2 dB/cm for TE and 8.5 dB/cm for TM polarizations has been achieved. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Haishan; Chen, Antao] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don; Szep, Attila; Kim, Richard S.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, AT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM antaochen@apl.washington.edu RI Sun, Haishan/F-3322-2012 FU National Science Foundation Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR) [DMR0120967]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-0101]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by National Science Foundation Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR), grant number DMR0120967, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant number FA9550-08-0101. This work was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 877HB UT WOS:000299167100004 PM 22212775 ER PT J AU Leever, BJ Bailey, CA Marks, TJ Hersam, MC Durstock, MF AF Leever, Benjamin J. Bailey, Christopher A. Marks, Tobin J. Hersam, Mark C. Durstock, Michael F. TI In Situ Characterization of Lifetime and Morphology in Operating Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices by Impedance Spectroscopy SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE impedance; lifetime; morphology; organic photovoltaic devices; P3HT:PCBM ID CHARGE-CARRIER MOBILITY; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; NEGATIVE CAPACITANCE; SELF-ORGANIZATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; BLEND FILMS; EFFICIENCY; NANOCOMPOSITE AB Time-dependent charge transport in operating poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has been characterized with impedance spectroscopy. Devices with varied composition and morphology were measured over a range of illumination intensities ranging from dark conditions to 1 sun and applied bias voltages ranging from 0.0 V to 0.75 V. Using an equivalent circuit model, materials properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity were determined and found to be in agreement with values measured by other methods. Average carrier lifetimes were also extracted from the model and found to correlate with measured power conversion efficiencies. At the short circuit condition and 1 sun illumination, the average electron lifetime was found to vary from 7.8 to 22 mu s for devices with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 2.0 to 2.5%. These results suggest that impedance spectroscopy is an effective tool for predicting how processing parameters can impact device performance in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. C1 [Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Bailey, Christopher A.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marks, TJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Inst, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@wpafb.af.mil; Christopher.Bailey2@wpafb.af.mil; t-marks@northwestern.edu; m-hersam@northwestern.edu; Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009 FU ANSER Energy Frontier Research Center; Department of Energy [DE-SC0001059]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX We thank the ANSER Energy Frontier Research Center (funded by the Department of Energy, grant DE-SC0001059), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for funding. We also thank B. Taylor, B. Savoie, and I. Murray for helpful discussions. NR 52 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 15 U2 141 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1002/aenm.201100357 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 874UB UT WOS:000298982500017 ER PT J AU Lau, C Adkins, ER Ramasamy, RP Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR Atanassov, P AF Lau, Carolin Adkins, Emily R. Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Luckarift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen TI Design of Carbon Nanotube-Based Gas-Diffusion Cathode for O2 Reduction by Multicopper Oxidases SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gas-diffusion cathodes; multicopper oxidases; oxygen reduction; carbon nanotubes; biofuel cells ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FUEL-CELL; COPPER SITES; LACCASE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; OXYGEN; BIOCATHODE; COMPOSITE; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT AB Multicopper oxidases, such as laccase or bilirubin oxidase, are known to reduce molecular oxygen at very high redox potentials, which makes them attractive biocatalysts for enzymatic cathodes in biological fuel cells. By designing an enzymatic gas-diffusion electrode, molecular oxygen can be supplied through the gaseous phase, avoiding solubility and diffusion limitations typically associated with liquid electrolytes. In doing so, the current density of enzymatic cathodes can theoretically be enhanced. This publication presents a material study of carbon/Teflon composites that aim to optimize the functionality of the gas-diffusion and catalytic layers for application in enzymatic systems. The modification of the catalytic layer with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, for example, creates the basis for stronger pp stacking interactions through tethered enzymatic linkers, such as pyrenes or perylene derivates. Cyclic voltammograms show the effective direct electron contact of laccase with carbon nanotube-modified electrodes via tethered crosslinking molecules as a model system. The polarization behavior of laccase-modified gas-diffusion electrodes reveals open-circuit potentials of +550 mV (versus Ag/AgCl) and current densities approaching 0.5 mA cm2 (at zero potential) in air-breathing mode. C1 [Lau, Carolin; Adkins, Emily R.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Nanoelectrochem Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells [FA9550-06-1-0264] FX This work was supported by a US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells (contract FA9550-06-1-0264 to the University of New Mexico). The authors also wish to thank Professor Boris Kiefer (New Mexico State University) for the most contributive discussions. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 67 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1614-6832 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1002/aenm.201100433 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 874UB UT WOS:000298982500022 ER PT J AU Banerjee, PP Buller, SH Liebig, CM Basun, SA Cook, G Evans, DR Blanche, PA Thomas, J Christenson, CW Peyghambarian, N AF Banerjee, P. P. Buller, S. H. Liebig, C. M. Basun, S. A. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. Blanche, P. -A. Thomas, J. Christenson, C. W. Peyghambarian, N. TI Time dynamics of self-pumped reflection gratings in a photorefractive polymer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB The time dynamics of self-pumped reflection gratings in a commonly used photorefractive polymer PDCST:PVK:ECZ-BBP:C-60 with no additional electron sources or traps is investigated. While holes are normally the mobile charges and responsible for grating formation, our experimental observations, analyzed using multi-exponential fitting curves, show evidence of electrons in addition to holes as charge carriers, particularly above an applied field of 40 V/mu m. The dependence of effective carrier mobilities on the applied electric field, deduced from experimental results, show stronger field dependence of electron mobility at high electric fields. At an applied field of 70 V/mu m, electron and hole mobilities become approximately equal, and the contribution of electrons on grating formation becomes significant. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3672832] C1 [Banerjee, P. P.; Buller, S. H.; Liebig, C. M.; Basun, S. A.; Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Liebig, C. M.; Basun, S. A.; Cook, G.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Blanche, P. -A.; Thomas, J.; Christenson, C. W.; Peyghambarian, N.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR/RSA FX The authors acknowledge the support of AFOSR/RSA. P.P.B. acknowledges support from Azimuth Corp. and ASEE during his sabbatical to the Air Force Research Laboratory from the University of Dayton. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1 AR 013108 DI 10.1063/1.3672832 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876SE UT WOS:000299127200008 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Rumchik, CG Broughton, PB Lindsay, CM AF Lewis, W. K. Rumchik, C. G. Broughton, P. B. Lindsay, C. M. TI Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of aluminized explosives: Chemical dynamics and apparent temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE COMBUSTION; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION; PYROMETRY; FIREBALLS; CLOUDS; FLAME; AIR AB Time-resolved emission spectroscopy and high-speed photography were used to study the chemical dynamics and thermal history of aluminized hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) charges following detonation. The aluminized RDX charges contained 20 wt. % of either 30-70 nm or 16-26 mu m Al particles. Non-aluminized RDX charges were also studied for comparison. Spectra collected from the aluminized charges exhibited Al and AlO emissions during the first similar to 60 mu s, followed by a broadband emission that evolved over two time scales: one in the early time, 0-200 mu sec, and another on late time, 0.5-10 ms. The apparent temperatures of the early-time fireballs were obtained using barium atom thermometry and were found to be similar to 2900 K for the RDX-only charges, similar to 3600 K for the RDX-micron Al charges, and similar to 4000 K for the RDX-nano Al charges. In both types of aluminized samples, once Al and AlO emissions ceased, the fireballs began to cool and approached the temperature obtained for the non-aluminized RDX charges. For aluminized charges, a late-time luminescence was also observed, with the intensity and duration dependent upon the size of the Al particles. Aluminum nanoparticles yielded a higher early-time temperature, but a less intense and shorter duration late-time emission, while micron-sized particles produced a lower early-time temperature, but a longer-lived and more intense late-time energy release. These results indicate that post-detonation Al combustion occurs in multiple stages during the evolution of the fireball. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3673602] C1 [Lewis, W. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rumchik, C. G.; Broughton, P. B.; Lindsay, C. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lewiswik@notes.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Funding and facilities for this work were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the NanoEnergetics Program. We would like to thank Mr. Rick Beesley for his assistance in conducting these experiments. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.3673602 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876SE UT WOS:000299127200115 ER PT J AU Barnes, MG AF Barnes, Matthew G. TI Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A "Mesh" of a Situation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Case Report; Hernioplasty; Herniorrhaphy; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Polypropylene; Surgical Mesh ID HERNIA REPAIR; PLUG MIGRATION; COMPLICATION; OBSTRUCTION; MALIGNANCY; MIMICKING AB The diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently is made after the exclusion of a mechanical etiology for a patient's symptoms. This case demonstrates that IBS symptoms can be caused by a rare complication of a common surgery: mesh herniorrhaphy repair. The patient is a 50-year-old woman who underwent periumbilical Marlex mesh herniorrhaphy 13 years before presentation. After her operation, the patient developed constipation (approximately one bowel movement per week) alternating with diarrhea for approximately 10 years. An abdominal radiograph showed large amounts of stool, and after a normal colonoscopy the patient was diagnosed with IBS. The patient was treated with tegaserod (Zelnorm) and polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX), which did not palliate her symptoms. The patient presented with obstructive symptoms and physical findings of an incarcerated umbilical hernia. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen confirmed an umbilical hernia involving a segment of small bowel with surrounding fecalization of enteric contents. During operative repair, the patient was found to have Marlex mesh fully eroded into the lumen of the small bowel, causing a partial obstruction. The involved section of small bowel was resected, and during serial follow-up the patient had complete resolution of her IBS-like symptoms. A discussion follows regarding the implications of mesh migration, and questions are posed for future research. (J Am Board Fam Med 2012; 25: 120-123.) C1 USAF, Dewitt Army Hosp, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Barnes, MG (reprint author), USAF, Dewitt Army Hosp, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.100190 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 877HD UT WOS:000299167300019 PM 22218633 ER PT J AU Fang, S Long, SR Disotell, KJ Gregory, JW Semmelmayer, FC Guyton, RW AF Fang, Shuo Long, Samuel R. Disotell, Kevin J. Gregory, James W. Semmelmayer, Frank C. Guyton, Robert W. TI Comparison of Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurement Techniques SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP AIAA ID REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; TURRET; SPHERE; LAYER; FLOW AB The current work focuses on the development and application of fast-responding polymer/ceramic pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) as an advanced optical surface pressure measurement technique for unsteady flowfields in large-scale wind tunnels. Three different data acquisition methods for PSP are evaluated and compared: phase averaging, real-time (high-speed) imaging, and single-shot lifetime imaging. All three techniques were applied to the measurement of the time-resolved, global surface pressure distribution on a hemispherical dome in Mach 0.6 freestream flow at a total pressure of 71.8 kPa, where the Reynolds number based on dome diameter (0.254 m) was 2.4 x 10(6). At this flow condition, a predominant shear layer oscillating at 400 Hz over the test model was detected by pressure transducer measurement, providing an appropriate trigger for the PSP optical instrumentation. In the phase-averaging technique, pulsed LED arrays were phase-locked to the shear-layer frequency, and a long camera exposure time captured the pressure distribution over many phase-averaged cycles. In the real-time approach, high-intensity continuous LED illumination was paired with a high-speed camera operating at a frame rate of 10 kHz to capture the pressure distribution without any image averaging. In the lifetime-based single-shot approach, instantaneous pressure information was acquired by exciting the paint with pulsed laser energy and ratioing two exposure gates, which covered the luminescent lifetime decay of the luminophore molecules resulting from each excitation pulse. An assessment of the three methods is presented, with the benefits and disadvantages of each technique evaluated through the ease study of the hemispherical dome. C1 [Fang, Shuo; Long, Samuel R.; Disotell, Kevin J.; Gregory, James W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Semmelmayer, Frank C.; Guyton, Robert W.] USAF, Res Lab, Expt Fluid Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div AFRL RBAX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fang, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 2300 W Case Rd, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. RI Gregory, James/A-2343-2015 OI Gregory, James/0000-0002-8589-8758 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.2514/1.J051167 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 872TD UT WOS:000298831600009 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Effect of Plasma-Based Control on Low-Reynolds-Number Flapping Airfoil Performance SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLOW-CONTROL; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; FLOWFIELDS; STRATEGIES; BLADES; VORTEX AB Large-eddy simulation is employed to investigate the use of plasma-based flow control for the flapping motion of a wing section at low Reynolds number. The SD7003 airfoil section and imposed oscillatory motion of the investigation are representative of micro air vehicle applications. Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuation is used to modify the transitional flow and improve aerodynamic performance. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations that were augmented by source terms used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuator on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided the body force resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon an implicit time-marching scheme with spatial high fidelity, an implicit large-eddy simulation approach, and domain decomposition in order to perform calculations on a parallel computing platform. Solutions are obtained for combined periodic pitching and plunging motion about an 8 mean angle of attack at chord-based Reynolds numbers of 30,000 and 60,000. Baseline simulations without control are compared with cases employing plasma actuation in order to assess effects on performance. Comparison is also made with experimental data, and a grid resolution study is performed for validation purposes. Plasma-based control is able to mitigate, but not completely eliminate, the massive separation that occurs during the unsteady motion. It is shown that plasma actuation can reduce drag by 80% over the flapping cycle and increase the lift-to-drag ratio by a factor of 5. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Aerophys Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Aerophys Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.2514/1.J051182 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 872TD UT WOS:000298831600011 ER PT J AU Barcia, AM Kozlowski, EJ Tokish, JM AF Barcia, Anthony M. Kozlowski, Erick J. Tokish, John M. TI Return to Sport After Meniscal Repair SO CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Meniscus; Meniscal repair; Rehabilitation; Therapy; Return to sport ID ACCELERATED REHABILITATION; IMMOBILIZATION; MENISCECTOMY; RECOVERY; TEARS; KNEE AB Preservation of meniscal function is among the most important goals in knee surgery. Loss of this function after meniscal injury and treatment with meniscectomy has long been recognized to play a major role in the deterioration in knee function and the development of degenerative joint disease. Therefore, surgeons have become more and more aggressive with meniscal repair and adjunctive procedures to promote healing in meniscal surgery. C1 [Barcia, Anthony M.; Tokish, John M.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Kozlowski, Erick J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barcia, AM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM anthony.m.barcia@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-5919 J9 CLIN SPORT MED JI Clin. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 155 EP + DI 10.1016/j.csm.2011.08.010 PG 13 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 865JW UT WOS:000298308200012 PM 22108665 ER PT J AU Sun, WT Uddi, M Won, SH Ombrello, T Carter, C Ju, YG AF Sun, Wenting Uddi, Mruthunjaya Won, Sang Hee Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell Ju, Yiguang TI Kinetic effects of non-equilibrium plasma-assisted methane oxidation on diffusion flame extinction limits SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Plasma assisted combustion; Nanosecond pulsed discharge; Plasma flame chemistry reactions; Path flux analysis; Counterflow extinction; Partially premixed flames ID PULSED NANOSECOND DISCHARGE; GLIDING ARC PLASMA; AIR-FLOWS; PREMIXED HYDROCARBON; IGNITION; MIXTURES; COMBUSTION; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISM AB The kinetic effects of low temperature non-equilibrium plasma assisted CH(4) oxidation on the extinction of partially premixed methane flames was studied at 60 Tort by blending 2% CH(4) by volume into the oxidizer stream of a counterflow system. The experiments showed that non-equilibrium plasma can dramatically accelerate the CH(4) oxidation at low temperature. The rapid CH(4) oxidation via plasma assisted combustion resulted in fast chemical heat release and extended the extinction limits significantly. Furthermore, experimental results showed that partial fuel mixing in the oxidizer stream led to a dramatic decrease of O concentration due to its rapid consumption by CH(4) oxidation at low temperature. The products of plasma assisted CH(4) oxidation were measured using the Two-photon Absorption Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) method (for atomic oxygen, O), Fourier Transform Infrared (FUR) spectroscopy, and Gas Chromatography (GC). The product concentrations were used to validate the plasma assisted combustion kinetic model. The comparisons showed the kinetic model over-predicted the CO, H(2)O and H(2) concentrations and under-predicted CO(2) concentration. A path flux analysis showed that O generated by the plasma was the critical species for extinction enhancement. In addition, the results showed that O was produced mainly by direct electron impact dissociation reactions and the collis onal dissociation reactions of electronically excited molecules with O(2). Moreover, these reactions involving electron impact and excited species collisional dissociation of CH(4) contributed approximately a mole fraction of 0.1 of total radical production. The present experiments produced quantitative species and extinction data of low temperature plasma assisted combustion to constrain the uncertainties in plasma/flame kinetic models. (C) 2011 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Wenting; Uddi, Mruthunjaya; Won, Sang Hee; Ju, Yiguang] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ju, YG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yju@princeton.edu RI Won, Sang Hee/B-4839-2012; Sun, Wenting/C-7540-2014 FU MURI from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; [FA9550-07-1-0136] FX This work was supported by the MURI research grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Grant FA9550-07-1-0136 under the technical monitor of program manager Dr. Julian Tishkoff. Wenting Sun thanks Francis Haas, Saeid Jahangirian, Joshua Heyne and Joe Lefkowitz from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University for the help with the FUR and GC measurements. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.008 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 862EA UT WOS:000298071400021 ER PT J AU Chandra, Y Stanciulescu, I Eason, T Spottswood, M AF Chandra, Yenny Stanciulescu, Ilinca Eason, Thomas Spottswood, Michael TI Numerical pathologies in snap-through simulations SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Snap-through; Finite element; Curved beam; Solid (continuum) elements; Structural elements; Time integrators; Numerical pathologies ID NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; CONSERVING ALGORITHMS; ENERGY; MOMENTUM; ELASTODYNAMICS AB Aircraft structures operating in severe environments may experience snap-through, causing the curvature on part or all of the structure to invert inducing fatigue damage. This paper examines the performance of beam and continuum nonlinear finite element formulations in conjunction with several popular implicit time stepping algorithms to assess the accuracy and stability of numerical simulations of snap-through events. Limitations of the structural elements are identified and we provide examples of interaction between spatial and temporal discretizations that affect the robustness of the overall scheme and impose strict limits on the size of the time step. These limitations need to be addressed in future works in order to develop accurate, robust and efficient simulation methods for response prediction of structures encountering extreme environments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandra, Yenny; Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Eason, Thomas; Spottswood, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ilinca@rice.edu OI Stanciulescu, Ilinca/0000-0003-4515-0363 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0201] FX The work has been funded in part by AFOSR under the Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0201. This support is greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.10.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 877AZ UT WOS:000299150200044 ER PT J AU Bandino, ML Tankersley, MS AF Bandino, Michelle L. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Anaphylaxis in an allergy immunotherapy extract-compounding technician after an extract needle stick SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; INJECTIONS C1 [Bandino, Michelle L.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bandino, ML (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 129 IS 1 BP 250 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.028 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 869XT UT WOS:000298634000033 PM 21958586 ER PT J AU Perry, MB Pignatiello, JJ AF Perry, Marcus B. Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr. TI Identifying the time of change in the mean of a two-stage nested process SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE change-point estimation; maximum-likelihood estimation; mixed-effects model; nested samples; statistical process control; variance component estimation ID VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; CHARTS AB Statistical process control charts are used to distinguish between common cause and special cause sources of variability. Once a control chart signals, a search to find the special cause should be initiated. If process analysts had knowledge of the change point, the search to find the special cause could be easily facilitated. Relevant literature contains an array of solutions to the change-point problem; however, these solutions are most appropriate when the samples are assumed to be independent. Unfortunately, the assumption of independence is often violated in practice. This work considers one such case of non-independence that frequently occurs in practice as a result of multi-stage sampling. Due to its commonality in practice, we assume a two-stage nested random model as the underlying process model and derive and evaluate a maximum-likelihood estimator for the change point in the fixed-effects component of this model. The estimator is applied to electron microscopy data obtained following a genuine control chart signal and from a real machining process where the important quality characteristic is the size of the surface grains produced by the machining operation. We conduct a simulation study to compare relative performances between the proposed change-point estimator and a commonly used alternative developed under the assumption of independent observations. The results suggest that both estimators are approximately unbiased; however, the proposed estimator yields smaller variance. The implication is that the proposed estimator is more precise, and thus, the quality of the estimator is improved relative to the alternative. C1 [Perry, Marcus B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Informat Syst Stat & Management Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perry, MB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Informat Syst Stat & Management Sci, 300 Alston Hall,Box 870226, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM mperry@cba.ua.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 EI 1360-0532 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 419 EP 433 DI 10.1080/02664763.2011.594035 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 873ZZ UT WOS:000298926100012 ER PT J AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, Paul N. Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth TI Alternative Mechanisms in Hydrogen Production by Aluminum Anion Clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID JELLIUM-BACKGROUND MODEL; SMALL METAL PARTICLES; ALGORITHM; LOCATION; STATES; SIZE AB Possible mechanisms for the reaction of aluminum anion clusters with water have been studied theoretically using density functional theory for four different size clusters. Our results confirm the previously found (Reber et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 6071) importance of Lewis-acid and Lewis-base sites on the cluster in the size specificity of the reactivity. However, alternative viable mechanisms have been found using both Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal kinetics. Grotthuss-like mechanisms appear to be the most energetically favorable. We show that while the superatom theory successfully predicts reactivity of smaller clusters, it is less useful for the larger clusters. C1 [Day, Paul N.; Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.day@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR; AFRL Section [219] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from AFOSR and from AFRL Section 219 funding, through a grant to Dr. Christopher Bunker, AFRL/RZ. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1021/ct200681k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 873UM UT WOS:000298908500017 PM 26592878 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Garner, J Zhou, YF Lyons, A Kuschner, R Deye, G St Clair, K Douce, RW Chicaiza, W Blair, PJ Myers, CA Burke, RL Sanchez, JL Williams, M Halsey, ES AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Garner, Jason Zhou, Yanfei Lyons, Arthur Kuschner, Robert Deye, Gregory St Clair, Kristina Douce, Richard W. Chicaiza, Wilson Blair, Patrick J. Myers, Christopher A. Burke, Ronald L. Sanchez, Jose L. Williams, Maya Halsey, Eric S. TI Emergent 2009 influenza A(H1N1) viruses containing HA D222N mutation associated with severe clinical outcomes in the Americas SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2009 A(HINI); Influenza; Severe infections; D222N; HA receptor binding site ID RECEPTOR-BINDING; H5N1 VIRUSES; H1N1; HEMAGGLUTININ; VIRULENCE; SUBSTITUTION; INFECTION AB Background: During the 2010-2011 influenza season, a small sub-group of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) viruses (hereafter referred to as 2009 A(H1N1)) emerged that was associated with more severe clinical outcomes in Ecuador and North America. Genetically, the haemagglutinin (HA) of this sub-clade was distinct from HAs found in viruses associated with severe outbreaks in 2010 from the United Kingdom and from other global specimens isolated earlier in the season. Objective: We report the emergence of a novel 2009 A(H1N1) variant possessing a re-emergent HA D222N mutation obtained from patients with severe respiratory illnesses and phylogenetically characterise these D222N mutants with other severe disease-causing variants clustering within a common emerging sub-clade. Case reports: In early 2011, three cases of 2009 A(H1N1) infection, two from Quito, Ecuador, and one from Washington, DC, USA, were complicated by severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation, resulting in one fatality. These cases were selected due to the reported nature of the acute respiratory distress (ARD) that were captured in Department of Defence (DoD)-sponsored global influenza surveillance nets. Results: Genetically, the 2009 A(H1N1) strains isolated from two of the three severe cases carried a prominent amino acid change at position 222 (D222N) within the primary HA receptor binding site. Furthermore, these cases represent an emerging sub-clade of viruses defined by amino acid changes within HA: N31D, S162N, A186T and V272I. Phylogenetically, these viruses share a high degree of homology with strains associated with recent fatal cases in Chihuahua, Mexico. Discussion: Previously, enhanced virulence associated with the change, D222G, has been clinically linked to severe morbidity and mortality. Initial observations of the prevalence of a novel sub-clade of strains in the Americas suggest that viruses with a re-emergent D222N mutation may too correlate with severe clinical manifestations. These findings warrant heightened vigilance for emerging sub-clades of 2009 A(H1N1) and presumptive clinical implications. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houng, Huo-Shu H.; Zhou, Yanfei; Lyons, Arthur; Kuschner, Robert; Deye, Gregory] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Garner, Jason] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Garner, Jason; Sanchez, Jose L.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [St Clair, Kristina] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Douce, Richard W.; Chicaiza, Wilson] Hosp Vozandes Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Blair, Patrick J.; Myers, Christopher A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Burke, Ronald L.; Sanchez, Jose L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Williams, Maya; Halsey, Eric S.] USN, Med Res Unit 6, Lima 205213230, Peru. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM huo-shu.houng@amedd.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Chicaiza-Ayala, Wilson/0000-0001-8639-698X FU United States Department of Defense [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, Work Unit Number: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.09.004 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 863DF UT WOS:000298142300003 PM 22036040 ER PT J AU Baldwin, MC Lu, P AF Baldwin, Morgan C. Lu, Ping TI Optimal Deorbit Guidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the development and application of a method for autonomous optimal deorbit guidance. The problem is for the guidance system to autonomously determine all the necessary guidance data and execute the finite-time deorbit maneuver in a minimum-propellant fashion that achieves desired entry interface conditions. While the traditional treatment of the maneuver as an impulsive velocity change serves the preliminary study of the problem well, it does not provide much of the needed information for guidance, such as burn timing (which in finite-time burn can be hundreds of seconds apart from that of the impulsive solution), duration of the burn, and thrust direction during the burn. In this paper the deorbit guidance problem is formulated as an optimal control problem with finite-time burn structure. Several sets of general targeting conditions are derived to be met at the entry interface. Numerical solutions are obtained by employing a fast multiburn shooting algorithm. The solution contains the coast times before and after a burn, duration of the burn, and thrust-direction profile during the burn. This study investigates both single- and two-burn deorbit maneuvers, and demonstrates how each works in different mission scenarios. C1 [Baldwin, Morgan C.; Lu, Ping] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baldwin, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM plu@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.2514/1.53937 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 876ZO UT WOS:000299146500008 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Cobb, RG AF Anderson, Michael L. Cobb, Richard G. TI Toward Flapping Wing Control of Micro Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMIMETIC ROBOTIC INSECTS; DYNAMIC FLIGHT STABILITY; DROSOPHILA FLIGHT; AERODYNAMICS; MANEUVERS; MECHANICS; HAWKMOTH; DESIGN; MODEL AB Research into insect-sized flapping wing micro air vehicles has exploded over the last decade, yet most of this work has focused on simply achieving flight, while leaving the issue of how to control it to future researchers. Here, previous work in the field of flapping wing control is summarized and each proposed technique is evaluated according to how many body forces and moments it can directly influence on the micro air vehicle and how complicated a wing flapping mechanism is needed to implement it. Though some promising techniques have been proposed, none satisfactorily address all of the design criteria; therefore, a new technique is proposed, biharmonic amplitude and bias modulation. This technique is analyzed with quasi-steady blade-element techniques and shown to provide direct influence over five micro air vehicle body forces and moments in hover while requiring only two actuators. Furthermore, it is applicable to a wing flapping mechanism operating at its resonant frequency, which reduces the energetic cost of control for the micro air vehicle. C1 [Anderson, Michael L.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate under the direction of Greg Parker. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 296 EP 308 DI 10.2514/1.51170 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 876ZO UT WOS:000299146500025 ER PT J AU York, G Pack, DJ AF York, George Pack, Daniel J. TI Ground Target Detection Using Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Systems SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative search; Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles; Comparative study AB In this paper, we present a comparative study that evaluates the merit of cooperative unmanned aerial sensor systems against that of a single system with equivalent capabilities. The motivation for our study stems from the current lack of theoretical and empirical work that shows the effectiveness of multiple cooperative unmanned vehicles (UAVs) over the proponents of a single, sophisticated UAV. Using a case study of searching and detecting ground targets with both electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) signatures, we quantify the advantage of multiple cooperative UAVs over a single UAV with equivalent sensing capabilities. Simulation results that support the use of cooperative systems over a single system are included. C1 [York, George; Pack, Daniel J.] USAF Acad, Denver, CO 80840 USA. RP York, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2F4, Denver, CO 80840 USA. EM george.york@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s10846-011-9590-4 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 864HO UT WOS:000298229100032 ER PT J AU Kwon, H Pack, DJ AF Kwon, Hyukseong Pack, Daniel J. TI A Robust Mobile Target Localization Method for Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Sensor Fusion Quality SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative sensor fusion; Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles; Mobile target localization; Out-of-order sigma-point Kalman filter ID MULTIPLE UAVS; TRACKING AB One of the current unmanned systems research areas at the US Air Force Academy is finding robust methods to locate ground mobile targets using multiple, cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In our previous work (Plett et al., Lect Notes Control Inf Sci 369:22-44, 2007), we showed an effective method to search, detect, and localize static ground targets. The current focus of our research is to extend the method to handle mobile ground targets. To that end, we introduced a novel concept called Sensor Fusion Quality (SFQ) in Kwon and Pack (2011). In this paper, we adapt and incorporate the SFQ principle to include both static and mobile ground targets in a modified Out-of-Order Sigma Point Kalman Filtering ((OSPKF)-S-3) approach (Plett et al., Lect Notes Control Inf Sci 369:22-44, 2007). The proposed method uses augmented covariances of sigma points to compute SFQ values. This approach showed superior performance over those observed when either the SFQ method or the (OSPKF)-S-3 method was used alone. The added benefit of the integrated approach is in the reduction of computational complexity associated with the propagation updates of target state uncertainties. We validate the proposed method using both simulation and flight experiment results. C1 [Kwon, Hyukseong; Pack, Daniel J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2F4, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s10846-011-9581-5 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 864HO UT WOS:000298229100033 ER PT J AU Motes, RA Shakir, SA Berdine, RW AF Motes, R. Andrew Shakir, Sami A. Berdine, Richard W. TI An Efficient Scalar, Non-Paraxial Beam Propagation Method SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beam propagation in cylindrical coordinates; finite-difference non-paraxial-approximation beam propagation method (BPM); optical fiber; photonics modeling; propagation of electromagnetic waves ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; OPTICAL FIBERS; EQUATION AB A fast non-paraxial beam propagation method (BPM) is developed. Our method is based on expanding the field and the refractive index distributions in azimuthal harmonics, thus replacing a 3-D wave equation with a small number of 2-D wave equations. The method is shown to be substantially faster than standard 3-D finite-difference methods with comparable accuracy and works well with wide-angle waves. C1 [Motes, R. Andrew; Berdine, Richard W.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Shakir, Sami A.] TASC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Motes, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM andymotes@msn.com NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1109/JLT.2011.2176103 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 873MW UT WOS:000298888400001 ER PT J AU Stauffer, HU Roy, S Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR AF Stauffer, Hans U. Roy, Sukesh Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Gord, James R. TI Detailed calculation of hydroxyl (OH) radical two-photon absorption via broadband ultrafast excitation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; TURBULENT; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; SPECTRA AB The theoretical framework for calculation of two-photon absorption cross sections for intermediate Hund's cases (a) and (b) diatomic species is described in detail and applied toward the hydroxyl (OH) radical. Analytical expressions are derived for the 20 rotational branches that are present in the two-photon A (2)Sigma(+)<- X-2 Pi electronic transition. Calculation of the corresponding line strengths is necessary to permit accurate relative-concentration measurements obtained from the fluorescence induced by a broadband femtosecond excitation pulse. We demonstrate, in particular, that consideration of the temperature-dependent initial-state populations of OH is necessary to obtain accurate relative concentrations from observed two-photon-excitation based laser-induced-fluorescence measurements. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Stauffer, Hans U.; Roy, Sukesh; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory under contract no. FA8650-10-C-2008 (Ms. Amy Lynch, program manager) and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) (Drs. T. Curcic and R. Parra, program managers). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 870KJ UT WOS:000298667800007 ER PT J AU Cung, K Slater, RL Cui, Y Jones, SE Ahmad, H Naik, RR McAlpine, MC AF Cung, Kellye Slater, Russell L. Cui, Yue Jones, Sharon E. Ahmad, Habib Naik, Rajesh R. McAlpine, Michael C. TI Rapid, multiplexed microfluidic phage display SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE; AUTOMATION; POLYMER; DEVICES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEOMICS; NANOTUBES AB The development of a method for high-throughput, automated proteomic screening could impact areas ranging from fundamental molecular interactions to the discovery of novel disease markers and therapeutic targets. Surface display techniques allow for efficient handling of large molecular libraries in small volumes. In particular, phage display has emerged as a powerful technology for selecting peptides and proteins with enhanced, target-specific binding affinities. Yet, the process becomes cumbersome and time-consuming when multiple targets are involved. Here we demonstrate for the first time a microfluidic chip capable of identifying high affinity phage-displayed peptides for multiple targets in just a single round and without the need for bacterial infection. The chip is shown to be able to yield well-established control consensus sequences while simultaneously identifying new sequences for clinically important targets. Indeed, the confined parameters of the device allow not only for highly controlled assay conditions but also introduce a significant time-reduction to the phage display process. We anticipate that this easily-fabricated, disposable device has the potential to impact areas ranging from fundamental studies of protein, peptide, and molecular interactions, to applications such as fully automated proteomic screening. C1 [Slater, Russell L.; Cui, Yue; McAlpine, Michael C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cung, Kellye] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ahmad, Habib] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP McAlpine, MC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mcm@princeton.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0096]; American Asthma Foundation [09-0038] FX We thank Andrew Hsu for valuable discussions and illustrations. This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (#FA9550-09-1-0096) and by the American Asthma Foundation (#09-0038). NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 562 EP 565 DI 10.1039/c2lc21129g PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874ND UT WOS:000298964300016 PM 22182980 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, JE Rowenhorst, DJ Aagesen, LK Thornton, K Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Aagesen, L. K. Thornton, K. Pollock, T. M. TI Fluid Flow and Defect Formation in the Three-Dimensional Dendritic Structure of Nickel-Based Single Crystals SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; FRECKLE FORMATION; SN ALLOYS; PERMEABILITY; SUPERALLOYS; CONVECTION; MACROSEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; DENSITIES AB Fluid flow within the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface in nickel-based superalloys has been studied in two directionally solidified alloy systems. Millimeter-scale, three-dimensional (3D) datasets of dendritic structure have been collected by serial sectioning, and the reconstructed mushy zones have been used as domains for fluid-flow modeling. Flow permeability and the influence of dendritic structure on flow patterns have been investigated. Permeability analyses indicate that the cross flow normal to the withdrawal direction limits the development of flow instabilities. Local Rayleigh numbers calculated using the permeabilities extracted from the 3D dataset are higher than predicted by conventional empirical calculations in the regions of the mushy zone that are prone to the onset of convective instabilities. The ability to measure dendrite surface area in 3D volumes permit improved prediction of permeability as well. C1 [Madison, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aagesen, L. K.; Thornton, K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pollock, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdmadis@sandia.gov RI Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017; OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; PCC Airfoils, Inc.; AFOSR MEANS-II [FA9550-05-1-0104]; NSF [0746424] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors are grateful for the technical assistance of C. Torbet, UCSB, as well as support from T. Van Vranken and L. Graham of PCC Airfoils, Inc. The authors have also benefited from useful discussions with C. Beckermann, D. Poirier, P. Voorhees, and J. Dvorkin. The authors also thank C. Woodward, D. Trinkle, and Mark Asta for ab initio MD liquidus density calculations. The financial support of the AFOSR MEANS-II Program Grant No. FA9550-05-1-0104 is acknowledged and K. Thornton also acknowledges the support of NSF under Grant No. 0746424. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43A IS 1 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0823-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865SF UT WOS:000298329900034 ER PT J AU Giovannetti, JM Bemben, M Bemben, D Cramer, J AF Giovannetti, Jennifer M. Bemben, Michael Bemben, Debra Cramer, Joel TI Relationship Between Estimated Aerobic Fitness and Injury Rates Among Active Duty at an Air Force Base Based Upon Two Separate Measures of Estimated Cardiovascular Fitness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAINING-RELATED INJURIES; MAXIMAL OXYGEN-UPTAKE; MILITARY; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; VALIDATION; MEN AB With the increased focus on physical fitness and increased fitness regimens, overuse injuries in United States Air Force (USAF) personnel are increasing. We evaluated injuries and level of fitness among a large population-based sample of USAF men and women aged 18 to 60 years from 2003 to 2005. Aerobic capacity was estimated by sub-maximal cycle ergometry fitness test and the 1.5-mile run. There was an increase of 6.04 mL kg(-1) min(-1) in approximate maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2) max) for men and 3.25 mL kg(-1) min(-1) for women with the run test results versus the cycle ergometry test. The results showed increased injuries and higher VO(2) max scores during the implementation of a new "Fit to Fight" fitness program. C1 [Giovannetti, Jennifer M.] USAF, Med Support Agcy, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA. [Bemben, Michael; Bemben, Debra; Cramer, Joel] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Giovannetti, JM (reprint author), USAF, Med Support Agcy, 1500 Wilson St,Suite 1200, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100010 PM 22338977 ER PT J AU Zierold, D Chauviere, M AF Zierold, Dustin Chauviere, Matthew TI Hydrogen Fluoride Inhalation Injury Because of a Fire Suppression System SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROFLUORIC-ACID EXPOSURE; LUNG INJURY; BURNS; GAS; US AB Automatic fire suppression systems (FSSs) use hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to chemically extinguish fires. At high temperatures, HFC can release hydrogen fluoride (HF), a toxic and potentially lethal gas. We report the deaths of three U.S. military personnel at Bagrarn Air Base from acute respiratory failure after the FSS in their vehicle received a direct hit from a rocket-propelled grenade. Despite presenting with little to no additional signs of trauma, these individuals all died within 24 hours from HF-induced respiratory failure. When two patients later presented with similar symptoms after damage to their vehicle's FSS, they were aggressively treated with nebulized calcium and positive pressure ventilation. Both survived. The presence of HFC-containing FSSs in military vehicles may lead to future cases of HF inhalation injury, and further research must be done to help rapidly diagnose and effectively treat this injury. C1 [Zierold, Dustin; Chauviere, Matthew] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Zierold, D (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle,60 MSGS SGCQ, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100024 PM 22338991 ER PT J AU Borders, CW Bennett, S Mount, C Claassen, SL AF Borders, Charles W., III Bennett, Steven Mount, Cristin Claassen, Stephanie L. TI A Rare Case of Acute Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Following Initiation of Amiodarone: A Case Report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TOXICITY; INTRAVENOUS AMIODARONE AB Amiodarone is effective for treating ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, despite potential side effects which can include injury to the liver, thyroid, cornea, skin, and neuromuscular system. Acute lung toxicity is a known but rare side effect of amiodarone use, most commonly taking the form of an acute or subacute interstitial pneumonitis. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a rare reaction, with few case reports documented in the literature since amiodarone became widely used in the early 1980s. We report the case of a patient who developed severe respiratory failure and diffuse alveolar infiltrates within 72 hours of initiating amiodarone therapy. Postmortem lung histology confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. The case presentation and proposed mechanisms of action will be reviewed here. C1 [Borders, Charles W., III] Keesler AFB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Bennett, Steven; Mount, Cristin] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pulm & Crit Care Serv, Base Lewis Mcchord, WA 98433 USA. [Claassen, Stephanie L.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Joint Base Lewis Mcchord, WA 98433 USA. RP Borders, CW (reprint author), Keesler AFB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100026 PM 22338993 ER PT J AU Hawley, JS Bebarta, VS Steele, JT AF Hawley, Jason S. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Steele, John T. TI Intra-Arterial tPA Treatment for Basilar Artery Thrombosis in the Combat Zone: An Example of Modern Nontrauma Medical Care in War SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Military physicians deploy primarily to care for traumatic injuries. However, critically ill medical patients are also evaluated and treated in theater with similar capability as hospitals in the United States because of the close proximity of medical and surgical specialists and advanced equipment in combat support and theater hospitals. We report a case of a 33-year-old soldier diagnosed with a basilar infarct. treated with fibrinolytics, and reversal of severe neurological deficits while treated in the U.S. operational Afghanistan Theater. C1 [Hawley, Jason S.] Walter Reed Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Steele, John T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Steele, John T.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Hawley, JS (reprint author), Walter Reed Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100027 PM 22338994 ER PT J AU Callahan, PG De Graef, M AF Callahan, P. G. De Graef, M. TI Precipitate shape fitting and reconstruction by means of 3D Zernike functions SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOMENT INVARIANTS; RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM; RETRIEVAL AB 3D Zernike functions are defined and used for the reconstruction of precipitate shapes. These functions are orthogonal over the unit ball and allow for an arbitrary shape, scaled to fit inside an embedding sphere, to be decomposed into 3D harmonics. Explicit expressions are given for the general Zernike moments, correcting typographical errors in the literature. Explicit expressions of the Zernike moments for the ellipsoid and the cube are given. The 3D Zernike functions and moments are applied to the reconstruction of gamma' precipitate shapes in two Ni-based superalloys, one with nearly cuboidal precipitate shapes, and one with more complex dendritic shapes. C1 [Callahan, P. G.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Callahan, P. G.; De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Callahan, PG (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA95500710179]; Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXLM) FX The authors would like to acknowledge stimulating discussions with J P Simmons, G S Rohrer, and A D Rollett. Partial financial support for this work was provided by an Air Force Office of Scientific Research award FA95500710179. PGC acknowledges support from the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXLM). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/20/1/015003 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866UE UT WOS:000298409300003 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Dong, B Marron, RW Birnkrant, MJ Elabd, YA Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Li, CY AF Smith, Derrick M. Dong, Bin Marron, Russell W. Birnkrant, Michael J. Elabd, Yossef A. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Christopher Y. TI Tuning Ion Conducting Pathways Using Holographic Polymerization SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polymer electrolyte membrane; lithium ion battery; holographic polymerization; ion conductivity ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOLID-STATE; MEMBRANES; NANOMATERIALS; LITHOGRAPHY; CHALLENGES; CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR AB Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with high and controlled ionic conductivity are important for energy-related applications, such as solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Herein we disclose a new strategy to fabricate long-range ordered PEMs with tunable ion conducting pathways using a holographic polymerization (HP) method. By incorporating polymer electrolyte into the carefully selected HP system, electrolyte layers/channels with length scales of a few tens of nanometers to micrometers can be formed with controlled orientation and anisotropy; ionic conductivity anisotropy as high as 37 has been achieved. C1 [Smith, Derrick M.; Dong, Bin; Marron, Russell W.; Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Smith, Derrick M.; Dong, Bin; Marron, Russell W.; Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Elabd, Yossef A.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Chrisli@drexel.edu RI Elabd, Yossef/G-9866-2014; Li, Christopher/A-1603-2012; dong, bin/E-7987-2013 OI Elabd, Yossef/0000-0002-7790-9445; FU NSF [CMMI-0900162, DMR-0804838, DGE-0654313] FX This work was supported by the NSF CMMI-0900162, DMR-0804838, and DGE-0654313. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1021/nl203599y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100054 PM 22148891 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, A Miller, JO Hill, RR Chambal, SP AF MacKenzie, Adam Miller, J. O. Hill, Raymond R. Chambal, Stephen P. TI Application of agent based modelling to aircraft maintenance manning and sortie generation SO SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY LA English DT Article DE Agent based modelling; Military aircraft maintenance; Experimental design AB This research develops an agent based simulation model for application to the sortie generation process, focusing on a single fighter aircraft unit. The simulation includes representations of each individual maintainer within the unit, along with supervisory agents that provide direction in the form of dynamic task prioritization and resource assignment. Using a high-fidelity depiction of each entity, an exploration of the effects of different mixes of skill levels and United States Air Force Specialty Codes (AFSCs) on sortie production is performed. Analysis is conducted using an experimental design with results presented demonstrating the effects of maintenance manning decisions on the Combat Mission Readiness (CMR) of a fighter unit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, J. O.; Hill, Raymond R.; Chambal, Stephen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacKenzie, Adam] Air Force Anal & Lessons Learned, Washington, DC USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), AFIT ENS, WPAFB, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.miller@afit.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-190X J9 SIMUL MODEL PRACT TH JI Simul. Model. Pract. Theory PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.simpat.2011.09.001 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 868OU UT WOS:000298533400007 ER PT J AU Abramson, MA Asaki, TJ Dennis, JE Magallanez, R Sottile, MJ AF Abramson, Mark A. Asaki, Thomas J. Dennis, John E., Jr. Magallanez, Raymond, Jr. Sottile, Matthew J. TI An efficient class of direct search surrogate methods for solving expensive optimization problems with CPU-time-related functions SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Surrogate optimization; Derivative-free optimization; Black box optimization; Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS); Pattern search; Image registration; Kriging ID ADAPTIVE DIRECT SEARCH; CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; PATTERN; ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE; FRAMEWORK; MODELS AB In this paper, we characterize a new class of computationally expensive optimization problems and introduce an approach for solving them. In this class of problems, objective function values may be directly related to the computational time required to obtain them, so that, as the optimal solution is approached, the computational time required to evaluate the objective is significantly less than at points farther away from the solution. This is motivated by an application in which each objective function evaluation requires both a numerical fluid dynamics simulation and an image registration process, and the goal is to find the parameter values of a predetermined reference image by comparing the flow dynamics from the numerical simulation and the reference image through the image comparison process. In designing an approach to numerically solve the more general class of problems in an efficient way, we make use of surrogates based on CPU times of previously evaluated points, rather than their function values, all within the search step framework of mesh adaptive direct search algorithms. Because of the expected positive correlation between function values and their CPU times, a time cutoff parameter is added to the objective function evaluation to allow its termination during the comparison process if the computational time exceeds a specified threshold. The approach was tested using the NOMADm and DACE MATLABA (R) software packages, and results are presented. C1 [Abramson, Mark A.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Asaki, Thomas J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dennis, John E., Jr.] Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98136 USA. [Magallanez, Raymond, Jr.] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sottile, Matthew J.] Galois Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Abramson, MA (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 3707,MC 7L-21, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM mark.a.abramson@boeing.com; tasaki@wsu.edu; dennis@rice.edu; raymond.magallanez@usafa.edu; matt@galois.com RI Dennis, John/A-6910-2008 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-01-1-0013]; The Boeing Company; ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company FX The authors wish to thank David Bethea and two anonymous referees for some useful comments and discussions. Support for the first author was provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Support for the third author was provided by LANL, Air Force Office of Scientific Research F49620-01-1-0013, The Boeing Company, and ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 45 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00158-011-0658-3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 863UY UT WOS:000298195000004 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Computational strategies for reliability-based structural optimization of aeroelastic limit cycle oscillations SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Limit cycle; Reduced order modeling; RBDO ID MODEL-REDUCTION; NONLINEAR AEROELASTICITY; TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; PANEL FLUTTER; DYNAMICS; ALGORITHM; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; PLATE AB Gradient-based optimization, via the adjoint method, is needed to realistically enable the reliability-based design of a nonlinear unsteady aeroelastic system with many random and/or deterministic design variables. The adjoint derivatives of a time-marched system entail a cumbersome reverse-time integration, and so a time-periodic spectral element scheme is used here to efficiently capture the gradients of the limit cycle oscillations. Further reductions in the computational cost of the monolithic-time adjoint vector are obtained with proper orthogonal decomposition, which projects the large system onto a reduced basis. Design reliability is computed with the first order reliability method, which provides an estimate of the failure probability without resorting to sampling-based approaches (infeasible for large systems). Analytical gradients are needed to obtain the most probable point (in the random variable space), as well as the reliability design derivatives. These computational strategies are utilized to locate the optimal thickness distribution of a cantilevered wing operating beyond its flutter point in supersonic flow (via piston theory). Specifically, the wing mass is minimized under both deterministic and non-deterministic limit cycle oscillation amplitude constraints, with both structural and flow uncertainties considered in the latter. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [03VA01COR]; National Research Council FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo). The research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 45 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s00158-011-0663-6 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 863UY UT WOS:000298195000006 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Goodrich, LF Haugan, TJ AF van der Laan, D. C. Goodrich, L. F. Haugan, T. J. TI High-current dc power transmission in flexible RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta coated conductor cables SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Transmission cables made from high-temperature superconductors have been successfully demonstrated within the electric power grid. These cables carry an ac current of up to 3000 A in a much smaller cross-sectional area than conventional transmission lines, but they are not flexible enough for certain applications that involve very tight cable bends. Certain on-board Air Force applications require 5 MW of dc power transmission at 270 V and current of 18 500 A and would benefit from superconducting transmission in lightweight, flexible cables that would be cooled with helium gas down to about 55 K. To address these needs, we have constructed a 10 mm diameter RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta (RE = rare earth) coated conductor cable that is lighter and more flexible than the current generation of superconducting cables, and that has a critical current of 7561 A at 76 K. The cable is expected to have a critical current of more than 20 000 A at 55 K and therefore will likely exceed the requirements for 5 MW on-board power transmission. The cable consists of two electrically insulated phases that can be operated in different modes, which allows us to study the effect of self-field on the cable performance. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haugan, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Certain commercial materials are referred to in this paper to foster complete understanding. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by NIST, nor that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/1/014003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866VD UT WOS:000298413200005 ER PT J AU Forgacs, AL Kent, MN Makley, MK Mets, B DelRaso, N Jahns, GL Burgoon, LD Zacharewski, TR Reo, NV AF Forgacs, Agnes L. Kent, Michael N. Makley, Meghan K. Mets, Bryan DelRaso, Nicholas Jahns, Gary L. Burgoon, Lyle D. Zacharewski, Timothy R. Reo, Nicholas V. TI Comparative Metabolomic and Genomic Analyses of TCDD-Elicited Metabolic Disruption in Mouse and Rat Liver SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; liver; metabolomics; gene expression ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; GENE-EXPRESSION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; C57BL/6 MICE; AH RECEPTOR; HEPG2 CELLS; TOXICOGENOMIC ANALYSIS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) elicits a broad spectrum of species-specific effects that have not yet been fully characterized. This study compares the temporal effects of TCDD on hepatic aqueous and lipid metabolite extracts from immature ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approaches and integrates published gene expression data to identify species-specific pathways affected by treatment. TCDD elicited metabolite and gene expression changes associated with lipid metabolism and transport, choline metabolism, bile acid metabolism, glycolysis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism is altered in mice resulting in increased hepatic triacylglycerol as well as mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) levels. Mouse-specific changes included the induction of CD36 and other cell surface receptors as well as lipases- and FA-binding proteins consistent with hepatic triglyceride and FA accumulation. In contrast, there was minimal hepatic fat accumulation in rats and decreased CD36 expression. However, choline metabolism was altered in rats, as indicated by decreases in betaine and increases in phosphocholine with the concomitant induction of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and choline kinase gene expression. Results from these studies show that aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated differential gene expression could be linked to metabolite changes and species-specific alterations of biochemical pathways. C1 [Forgacs, Agnes L.; Mets, Bryan; Burgoon, Lyle D.; Zacharewski, Timothy R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kent, Michael N.; Makley, Meghan K.; Reo, Nicholas V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [DelRaso, Nicholas] USAF, Res Lab Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jahns, Gary L.] BAE Syst, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Zacharewski, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, 501 Biochem Bldg,Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tzachare@msu.edu RI Karmaus, Agnes/L-2147-2015; OI Karmaus, Agnes/0000-0003-4421-6164; Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 ES013927] FX National Institutes of Health (RO1 ES013927 to T.Z.). NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr262 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 871JP UT WOS:000298734400006 PM 21964420 ER PT J AU Belletire, JL Schneider, S Wight, BA Strauss, SL Shackelford, SA AF Belletire, John L. Schneider, Stefan Wight, Brett A. Strauss, Steven L. Shackelford, Scott A. TI PAIRING HETEROCYCLIC CATIONS WITH CLOSO-ICOSAHEDRAL BORANE AND CARBORANE ANIONS, II: BENCHTOP ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES FOR BINARY TRIAZOLIUM AND TETRAZOLIUM SALTS WITH SIGNIFICANT WATER SOLUBILITY SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE closo-Icosahedral borane dianions; closo-icosahedral carborane anions; exhaustive trituration; heterocyclium halides; mixed heterocyclium boranes; silver-halide-mediated metathesis ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MELTS AB Two efficient processes for the synthesis of 12 relatively water-soluble binary triazolium and the first tetrazolium borane [B(12)H(12)] and carborane [CB(11)H(12)] salts by a one-step, open-air metathesis reaction have been developed. First, a combination of exhaustive trituration of the two solid reactant salts with refluxing anhydrous acetonitrile followed by flash filtration through a plug of silica gel afforded excellent recovery for a broad series of otherwise water-soluble heterocyclium salts. Second, an alternative aqueous metathesis, driven to completion by precipitation of silver halides, followed by removal of water, redissolution in acetonitrile, and filtration through a silica-gel plug, also yielded such heterocyclium borane and carborane salts. Mixed 1:1 dication heterocyclium borane salts were first synthesized using this second procedure, and one example showed melting-point depression behavior. C1 [Belletire, John L.; Schneider, Stefan; Shackelford, Scott A.] AFRL RZSP, Space & Missile Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Belletire, John L.; Wight, Brett A.] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Strauss, Steven L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Belletire, JL (reprint author), AFRL RZSP, Space & Missile Prop Directorate, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM jbelletire@roadrunner.com; scottshack@roadrunner.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RZSP, Edwards AFB, Calif.) FX The authors acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RZSP, Edwards AFB, Calif.) for financial and administrative support. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1080/00397911.2010.520543 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 860VY UT WOS:000297977500001 ER PT J AU Yoder, J Kwon, H Sharma, R Pack, D AF Yoder, Josiah Kwon, Hyukseong Sharma, Rajnikant Pack, Daniel GP IEEE TI Monitoring for Intrusion Behaviors with a Small UAV SO 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS (ICCAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) CY OCT 17-21, 2012 CL ICC, Jeju, SOUTH KOREA SP IES, RA, CSS, SICE, ACA, AAI, CAA, ISA, CAC HO ICC DE surveillance; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); behavior recognition; intent; tracking; estimation; motion compensation AB In this paper we present behavior recognition algorithms using images captured by a small UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). Small UAVs provide a mobile platform capable of monitoring a large area, but each UAV has a limited field of view, resulting in very brief observations of targets of interest as UAVs fly over them. Standard behavior recognition algorithms are designed for CCTV networks, where cameras have a fixed view of the target area. To apply these algorithms to imagery from small UAVs, we first geo-locate targets based on their image coordinates and correspondences between geo-located landmarks and landmarks in each video frame. We then apply behavior recognition algorithms that are suited to very short observation periods. We test these algorithms in a simulation environment incorporating realistic target motion and validate the entire approach on imagery captured by a small UAV. These experiments illustrate that automatic behavior recognition has merit even during brief fly-overs, typical of a small UAV on surveillance patrol. C1 [Yoder, Josiah; Kwon, Hyukseong; Sharma, Rajnikant; Pack, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Yoder, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM josiah.yoder.ctr@usafa.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-89-93215-04-5 PY 2012 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BB8FX UT WOS:000346513400035 ER PT J AU Kwon, H Sharma, R Yoder, J Pack, D AF Kwon, Hyukseong Sharma, Rajnikant Yoder, Josiah Pack, Daniel GP IEEE TI Robust Mobile Ground Target Localization Using Ground Image Features with UAV Position Compensation Techniques SO 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS (ICCAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) CY OCT 17-21, 2012 CL ICC, Jeju, SOUTH KOREA SP IES, RA, CSS, SICE, ACA, AAI, CAA, ISA, CAC HO ICC DE unmanned aerial vehicles; scale-invariant feature transform; target localization; aerial images AB Recently, the task of localizing mobile ground targets using airborne images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received an increased interest of researchers in the UAV community. The task is even more difficult when position information of a UAV, estimated by Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, becomes unavailable. In this paper, we propose a new method to compute the UAV attitude and thus locate mobile ground targets using ground landmarks obtained from SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) features. We show the validity of the proposed method using experimental flight data. C1 [Kwon, Hyukseong; Sharma, Rajnikant; Yoder, Josiah; Pack, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-89-93215-04-5 PY 2012 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BB8FX UT WOS:000346513400091 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Amdahl, DJ Domonkos, M Grabowski, C Ruden, EL White, WM Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Sears, J Weber, T Waganaar, WJ Frese, MH Frese, SD Camacho, JF Coffey, SK Makhin, V Roderick, NF Gale, DG Kostora, M Lerma, A Roth, C Sommars, W Kiuttu, GF Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Lynn, AG Turchi, PJ AF Degnan, J. H. Amdahl, D. J. Domonkos, M. Grabowski, C. Ruden, E. L. White, W. M. Wurden, G. A. Intrator, T. P. Sears, J. Weber, T. Waganaar, W. J. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Makhin, V. Roderick, N. F. Gale, D. G. Kostora, M. Lerma, A. Roth, C. Sommars, W. Kiuttu, G. F. Bauer, B. S. Fuelling, S. Lynn, A. G. Turchi, P. J. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Flux and Magnetized Plasma Compression Driven by Shiva Star SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE magnetized plasma; imploding liner; magneto-inertial fusion; field reversed configuration; compression; MIF; FRC ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; TARGET FUSION; LINER AB The AFRL Shiva Star capacitor bank (1300 microfarads, up to 120 kilovolts) operated typically with 4 to 5 megajoules of electrically stored energy, with axial discharge currents of 10 to 15 megamps, and current rise times of approximately 10 microseconds, has been used to drive metal shell (solid liner) implosions in several geometries, including long cylindrical designs, which are suitable for compression of axial magnetic fields to multi-megagauss levels. Such imploding liners are also suitable for compressing magnetized plasmas to magneto-inertial fusion conditions. MagnetoInertial Fusion (MIF) approaches take advantage of embedded magnetic field to improve plasma energy confinement by reducing thermal conduction relative to conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF). MIF reduces required implosion speed and convergence ratio relative to ICF. AFRL, its contractors and collaborating institutions LANL, UNM, and UNR have developed one version of magnetized plasmas at pre-compression densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields that may be suitable for such compression. These are Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs). This effort reliably formed, translated, and captured FRCs in magnetic mirrors inside10 cm diameter, 30 cm long, mm thick metal shells or liners in preparation for subsequent compression by liner implosion; imploded a liner with an interior magnetic mirror field, obtaining evidence for compression of 1.36 T field to approximately 500 T; performed a full system experiment of FRC formation, translation, capture, and imploding liner compression operation; identified by comparison of 2D-MHD simulation and FRC capture experiments factors limiting the closed-field lifetime of FRCs to about half that required for good liner compression of FRCs to multi-keV, 10<^>19 ion/cm<^>3, high energy density plasma (HEDP) conditions; and designed and prepared hardware to increase that closed field FRC lifetime to the required amount. Those lifetime extension experiments have obtained imaging evidence of FRC rotation (which is a phenomenon that limits such closed field lifetimes), and of initial rotation control measures slowing and stopping such rotation. These and the results of subsequent closed field plasma lifetime and compression experiments and related simulations will be discussed. C1 [Degnan, J. H.; Amdahl, D. J.; Domonkos, M.; Grabowski, C.; Ruden, E. L.; White, W. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Intrator, T. P.; Sears, J.; Weber, T.; Waganaar, W. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Frese, S. D.; Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.; Makhin, V.; Roderick, N. F.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Gale, D. G.; Kostora, M.; Lerma, A.; Roth, C.; Sommars, W.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Kiuttu, G. F.] VariTech Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Bauer, B. S.; Fuelling, S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lynn, A. G.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764] FX This work was supported by The Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, Grant IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600021 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Degnan, JH Adamson, PE Amdahl, DJ Blasy, B Cooksey, R Grabowski, TC Lehr, FM Robinson, PR White, WM Frese, MH Frese, SD Coffey, SK Camacho, JF Makhin, V Roderick, N Parker, JV Lerma, A Gale, D Kostora, M McCullough, J Ralph, D Roth, CE Sommars, WD Montoya, T Lynn, A Turchi, PJ Schroen, D AF Domonkos, M. T. Degnan, J. H. Adamson, P. E. Amdahl, D. J. Blasy, B. Cooksey, R. Grabowski, T. C. Lehr, F. M. Robinson, P. R. White, W. M. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Coffey, S. K. Camacho, J. F. Makhin, V. Roderick, N. Parker, J. V. Lerma, A. Gale, D. Kostora, M. McCullough, J. Ralph, D. Roth, C. E. Sommars, W. D. Montoya, T. Lynn, A. Turchi, P. J. Schroen, Diana BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Adventures in the Experimental Development of an Ultrahigh Speed Plasma Flow SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE plasma flow switch; magnetized plasma compression AB In 1991, Turchi et al. [1] reported evidence for a 2,000 km/s aluminum plasma that originated from the upstream boundary of a wire array armature in a plasma flow switch (PFS) [2]. The 2008 article by Turchi et al. [3] posits that if such high Z plasma could instead be composed of deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture then the resultant multi-keV plasma would make an effective target for magnetized plasma compression to fusion conditions. This report documents several exploratory tests executed in an effort to achieve significant energy transfer from a plasma flow switch to a deuterium plasma. The first phase of this research concentrated on extension of the earlier work [1, 2] to a lower current system that would emulate the PFS used in series with an imploding liner load. The apparatus was also modified to permit pulsed injection of deuterium gas along the insulated coaxial electrodes between the PFS armature and the vacuum power feed. In analyzing the armature behavior, the initial conditions used in 2-D axisymmetric MHD simulations to approximate the wire-array/polymer film composite armature resulted in significant uncertainty in the validity of the calculations. This uncertainty confounded efforts to improve the opening switch behavior of the armature. Low density foams, commonly used in other high energy density plasma experiments, were seen as a candidate material for the armature that would facilitate greater fidelity between simulations and the experiment. Two subsequent tests were conducted using foam armatures. In both cases, current prematurely shunted upstream in the vacuum feed. Several possible causes were explored for the shunting of the current. Among the modifications implemented, the gas injection system was altered to increase both the quantity of gas adjacent to the armature while facilitating an increased pressure gradient between the armature and the current feed. A series of low energy shots were conducted to examine the impact of several proposed design modifications on current delivery to the armature. One conclusion of these experiments was that it has been very difficult to forestall breakdown in the injected gas as required by Turchi et al. [3]. Nevertheless, two experiments were conducted to evaluate performance with foam armatures. Both experiments exhibited good current delivery to the armature, behaving initially like the low energy experiments. The magnetic flux convected downstream was greater than in any of the prior experiments, though significant work remains to demonstrate the ultra-high-speed plasma flow concept. C1 [Domonkos, M. T.; Degnan, J. H.; Adamson, P. E.; Amdahl, D. J.; Blasy, B.; Cooksey, R.; Grabowski, T. C.; Lehr, F. M.; Robinson, P. R.; White, W. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 45433 USA. [Frese, M. H.; Frese, S. D.; Coffey, S. K.; Camacho, J. F.; Makhin, V.; Roderick, N.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Parker, J. V.; Lerma, A.; Gale, D.; Kostora, M.; McCullough, J.; Ralph, D.; Roth, C. E.; Sommars, W. D.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Montoya, T.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Lynn, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Schroen, Diana] Gen Atom Co, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600044 ER PT S AU Besterfield-Sacre, ME Self, BP Shuman, LJ Christ, JA Miller, RL Moore, TJ AF Besterfield-Sacre, Mary E. Self, Brian P. Shuman, Larry J. Christ, John Anthony Miller, Ronald L. Moore, Tamara J. GP ASEE TI MODELS AND MODELING IN UPPER DIVISION CLASSROOMS: IMPACTING CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND THE PROFESSIONAL SKILLS SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE C1 [Besterfield-Sacre, Mary E.; Shuman, Larry J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Self, Brian P.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Christ, John Anthony] US Air Force Acad, El Paso, TX USA. [Miller, Ronald L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO USA. [Moore, Tamara J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Besterfield-Sacre, ME (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AT UT WOS:000380252705018 ER PT S AU Brown, AO Jensen, DD Rencis, JJ Wood, KL Watson, KA Chen, CC Labay, VA Orabi, II Akasheh, F Wood, JJ AF Brown, Ashland O. Jensen, Daniel D. Rencis, Joseph J. Wood, Kristin L. Watson, Kyle A. Chen, Chuan-Chiang Labay, Vladimir A. Orabi, Ismail I. Akasheh, Firas Wood, John J. GP ASEE TI AC 2012-3981: IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING USING FINITE ELEMENT LEARNING MODULES: AN UPDATE IN RESEARCH FINDINGS SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE ID CURRICULUM AB The landscape of contemporary engineering education is ever changing, adapting and evolving. We are indeed living in interesting and exciting times. At the focal point of these times is the concept of active learning methods. This poster session and paper describes a novel approach to improving student learning using active learning finite element learning modules. This poster session summarizes the improved student learning over the past six years at nine engineering schools and colleges. These active learning finite element modules were originally developed using MSC Nastran, followed by development efforts in SolidWorks (R) Simulation, ANSOFT, ANSYS (c), and other commercial FEA software packages. Researchers, with National Science Foundation support, have created over twenty-eight active finite element learning modules which continue to improve student understanding of difficult engineering concepts across engineering disciplines. Finite element theory and application has often been the focus of graduate-level courses in engineering programs; however, industry needs B.S. engineering graduates to have skills in applying this essential analysis and design technique. We have used the Kolb Learning Cycle as a foundation element to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts, along with gaining essential knowledge of finite element analysis and design content knowledge. We discuss the implementation, improved student knowledge, impact, and assessment across demographics, learning styles and personality preference types. These learning modules are incorporated into undergraduate machine design, mechanical vibrations, heat transfer, bioelectrical engineering, electromagnetic field analysis, structural fatigue analysis, computational fluid dynamics, rocket design, chip formation during manufacturing, and large scale deformation in machining. Key assessment results show improvements in student knowledge of difficult engineering concepts measured with performance on pre- and post-learning module quizzes. C1 [Brown, Ashland O.; Watson, Kyle A.] Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.; Wood, John J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Chen, Chuan-Chiang] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA USA. [Labay, Vladimir A.] Gonzaga Univ, Spokane, WA USA. [Orabi, Ismail I.] Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT USA. [Akasheh, Firas] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL USA. RP Brown, AO (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 26 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AT UT WOS:000380252704073 ER PT S AU Christie, EJ Jensen, DD Buckley, RT Menefee, DA Ziegler, KK Wood, KL Crawford, RH AF Christie, Edward James Jensen, Daniel D. Buckley, Richard T. Menefee, Devin A. Ziegler, Kyle Kenneth Wood, Kristin L. Crawford, Richard H. GP ASEE TI AC 2012-3698: PROTOTYPING STRATEGIES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL VARIABLES SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Prototyping is an initial instantiation of a concept as part of the product development process. Prototypes serve numerous purposes both from a business and an engineering standpoint. Businesses use prototypes to gather detailed customer feedback on issues like aesthetics, ergonomics, and theme, as well as for marketing research and cost analysis. Prototyping is used by engineers to provide manufacturing and assembly data, to investigate system integration issues and to develop analysis and testing strategies. In some cases, prototyping is also used in the concept generation phase of the design process to assist designers to either expand or contract the set of possible concepts. Clearly prototyping is an important part of most design processes. We define the prototyping strategy as the set of decisions that dictate what actions will be taken to accomplish the development of the prototype( s). Prototyping strategies include a variety of different options. In the broadest sense, prototypes can be either physical or virtual. Virtual prototypes can include computer simulations and/or engineering analysis. Physical prototypes can be developed either for a subsystem or for the entire system. In addition, physical prototypes can be either full size or dimensionally scaled and can be either fully functional or be created to exhibit only partial functionality. Additional choices that are part of a prototyping strategy include whether one chooses to develop prototypes for a number of concepts in parallel and whether one plans to develop a sequence of prototypes of a concept. The choices made for the prototyping variables identified above can make tremendous differences in the time frame, cost and effectiveness of the prototyping work. However, very little research has been accomplished to identify how these variables should be chosen for a specific design project. In this paper we document an extensive literature review in the general area of prototyping. Prototyping strategies currently in use by a variety of different product developers are identified. When it is possible to identify either a business or engineering perspective, that perspective is noted. The wide variety of different prototyping strategies currently in use are identified and grouped into categories with similar characteristics. Specific differences in the prototyping strategies for business vs. engineering focused work are noted. Based on the literature review, the current state of the art for prototyping strategies is established. Of particular note is the fact that there is a dearth of information in the literature of how the decisions that determine a prototyping strategy are made. In light of this fact, an additional contribution of this paper is to hypothesize a set of characteristics of a design problem that can be used to optimize prototyping strategies. C1 [Christie, Edward James; Buckley, Richard T.; Menefee, Devin A.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ziegler, Kyle Kenneth; Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Christie, EJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253701021 ER PT S AU Ciston, S Carnasciali, MI Zelenak, V Hollis, MJ AF Ciston, Shannon Carnasciali, Maria-Isabel Zelenak, Viktoria Hollis, Michael J. GP ASEE TI ADULT UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENT EXPERIENCE SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Efforts to remain competitive internationally in engineering and technology require that engineering departments train a diverse set of talented students. One aspect of student diversity that is often overlooked is student age. Adult learners are an important source of future engineering professionals, and it is critical that these students are supported through degree completion. Because relatively little research has focused on adults as a special population among engineering students, this study aims to elucidate adult engineering student experience. Qualitative interview data was chosen as the means to collect rich information about the lived experience of adult engineering students, providing depth that would not be accessible through quantitative data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten undergraduate students aged 25 or older, focusing on their experience pursuing engineering bachelor's degrees at a small, private northeastern university. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by applying grounded theory to identify major themes and connections. The four major themes identified in the data are: motivations, challenges, strategies, and outcomes. Adult students have a wide variety of motivations related to supporting themselves and their families, personal challenge and achievement, and intrinsic interest in or identification with engineering. Major barriers to completing their degree work include time stresses; barriers which prevented them from undertaking engineering degree work earlier in their lives include academic readiness. Strategies for overcoming obstacles are tailored to the barriers they experience, but commonly include sleep reduction and seeking academic and financial assistance from multiple sources. These adult students cite positive outcomes including a synergy between work and classroom, and development of professional skills including time management, conflict resolution, and troubleshooting. In this paper, we will discuss the findings of our analysis, as well as connections between our study and related work in expectancy-value theory and adult student inter-role conflict. Future work aims to expand data collection to multiple sites, and to complement it with quantitative survey data. By understanding the motivations and experiences of adult engineering students, we aim to provide better service to this important part of the student body. C1 [Ciston, Shannon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carnasciali, Maria-Isabel] Univ New Haven, Tagliatela Sch Engn, Mech Engn, West Haven, CT USA. [Zelenak, Viktoria] Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT USA. [Hollis, Michael J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ciston, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250100051 ER PT S AU Gibbons, KA Knodel, P Noble, JW Seibt, NW AF Gibbons, Kevin A. Knodel, Philip Noble, Joel William Seibt, Nathan W. GP ASEE TI AN APPROACH TO USING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT TEAMS TO DEVELOP UNDERGRADUATE LABORATORY EXPERIENCES SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE DE laboratory experiments; laboratory experiences; laboratory exercises; hands-on learning opportunities; undergraduate student team AB The technical information presented in many undergraduate engineering courses is emphasized and solidified by using laboratory experiences. As new, interesting technology is introduced into undergraduate courses or new courses introduced into the curriculum, some professors find themselves wanting to provide new hands-on exercises for their students to support their course objectives. At the same time, they often find they are short on time, money, or resources needed to develop their ideas into meaningful, level-appropriate learning events meant to timely support their students' learning. In this effort, a senior-level mechanical engineering student group in a mechanical instrumentation and measurements course at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) was tasked to develop an engaging, relevant laboratory learning experience for other undergraduate students while they met the learning objectives of their instrumentation course. The intention was to use this student-designed lab in a newly implemented undergraduate renewable energy course. The development process, benefits, as well as difficulties encountered in this approach are discussed and recommendations provided. An example "lab experience" developed by undergraduates, guided by staff, during this process is included. This example could be implemented as is or modified with minimal time and money investment for relevant courses. C1 [Gibbons, Kevin A.; Knodel, Philip; Seibt, Nathan W.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gibbons, Kevin A.] NexOne Inc, Clearfield, UT USA. [Gibbons, Kevin A.] CAStLE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Noble, Joel William] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gibbons, KA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250100016 ER PT S AU Hendrix, C Roberts, ML Eccles, WJ Butler, J Deppensmith, R AF Hendrix, Constance Roberts, Marcus L. Eccles, William J. Butler, Jeffrey Deppensmith, Randall GP ASEE TI WHY SHOULD THEY CARE? MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF TEACHING NON-ENGINEERS TO ENGINEER SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Students must be prepared for today's globally-interconnected, technology-reliant world, so it is absolutely vital that they possess sound technological skills when they graduate. For students immediately entering the United States military upon graduation, this need is paramount. At the U.S. Air Force Academy, students are required to take several core engineering courses, regardless of their major, to graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree. An earlier ASEE paper [1] explored the basic pedagogy developed by the Air Force Academy's Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering to overcome the inherent challenges of teaching non-engineers "to engineer." This paper explores the measure of success for those efforts based on tangible feedback and assessment data. Furthermore, the paper specifically addresses a monumental challenge beyond educating the students: motivating them to care about their learning. Various approaches are discussed and solutions graded on their success or failure. A representative syllabus is included at the end of this paper. C1 [Hendrix, Constance; Butler, Jeffrey] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Roberts, Marcus L.; Deppensmith, Randall] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Eccles, William J.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN USA. RP Hendrix, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM constance.hendrix@usafa.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253705071 ER PT S AU Inamdar, S Zimowski, K Gibbons, KA Rucker, B Jensen, DD Wood, KL Crawford, RH AF Inamdar, Sumedh Zimowski, Krystian Gibbons, Kevin A. Rucker, Brittany Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, Kristin L. Crawford, Richard H. GP ASEE TI DESIGNING NOVEL NONDESTRUCTIVE ATTACHMENT METHODS: A METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION TO ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB In many cases, design involves adding and integrating additional functionality to an existing system. Often, such additions are accomplished by literally attaching a new component or set of components to the existing product. Examples include adding a protective cover to a cell phone, adding an electric starter system to a lawn mower or adding an energy harvesting system to a bridge or other existing infrastructure to provide power for lights or sensors. In many cases, we require that these "add-on" systems interface with the existing system in a nondestructive manner. In some cases, the system should be not affected in any permanent fashion by the attachment. In other cases the requirement is that the system's primary functionality should not be degraded by the attachment. This paper reports on our work to develop a methodology that will assist designers, including students pursuing engineering degrees, in designing the means of an attachment of a new ( child) system onto an existing ( parent) system. Based on a literature review of existing joining and attachment methods, we analyze Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving (TRIZ) principles that can be used to design nondestructive attachment methods. In developing the methodology, we performed an experiential study wherein several off-the-shelf products, patents, and biological systems encompassing a wide range of attachment methods were examined. Generalizable patterns from these products were identified and the distinguishing characteristics of each attachment method utilized to develop a foundation for the methodology. A matrix mapping the attachment methods and the system characteristics is presented as a design tool. Use of the tool is demonstrated through its application for attachment of a "child" energy harvesting system to a "parent" existing bridge for the purpose of powering a structural health monitoring system on the bridge. The effectiveness of the design tool was confirmed through the results of a design experiment where two groups of undergraduate senior engineering students at the US Air Force Academy were presented with a design problem. The control group did not use the new methodology while the experimental group did utilize this methodology to generate concept variants. The attachment concepts from the two groups were compared and analyzed with respect to a number of metrics. The experimental group produced a set of concepts that were higher in quantity, more feasible, and better met the design requirements when compared to the control group. The method should have particular applicability for student design teams where, due to the relatively short design timeline ( either 1 or 2 semesters), it is common for the design problem to entail incorporating a "child" system into an existing "parent" system. The overall approach to this research and design-educational-ideation tool promises to inform similar approaches to educational research on innovation processes and students' innovation skill sets. C1 [Inamdar, Sumedh; Zimowski, Krystian; Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gibbons, Kevin A.] US Air Force Acad, NexOne Inc, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens CAStLE, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gibbons, Kevin A.] CAStLE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rucker, Brittany] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Inamdar, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 21 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250104034 ER PT S AU Jensen, DD Wood, JJ Knodel, P Wood, KL Crawford, RH Vincent, R AF Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, John J. Knodel, Philip Wood, Kristin L. Crawford, Richard H. Vincent, Robert GP ASEE TI EVALUATING IDEATION USING THE PUBLICATIONS POPULAR SCIENCE, POPULAR MECHANICS, AND MAKE IN COORDINATION WITH A NEW PATENT SEARCH TOOL AND THE 6-3-5 METHOD SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The ideation or concept generation stage in the design process is ripe with possibility for infusion of creativity that can lead to the development of innovative products and systems. Along with the desired creativity or novelty, concepts must also be feasible in order to have promise as fielded products. This combination of desired novelty and required feasibility can be difficult to attain. Various ideation techniques have been developed which aid the designer in their quest for an innovative new product or system. In the current work, we evaluate four ideation techniques: use of the publications Popular Science and Popular Mechanics, use of the publication Make, use of a new patent search tool and use of the 6-3-5 "brain writing - rotational drawing" technique. The four techniques are described in detail with particular emphasis placed on a description of the patent search tool as this ideation technique, based on recently developed software, has not been previously disseminated. The techniques are then assessed to determine their utility in terms of quantity of ideas generated, novelty of the ideas and feasibility of the ideas. This assessment was done in the context of a capstone design team at the US Air Force Academy working on a robotics oriented project. Specifically, the design team is developing small robots with the ability to maneuver through rough terrain in caves or tunnels for surveillance purposes. Representative assessment results include the fact that the design team was able to produce over 20 new concepts using the new patent search tool; validating that this new technique shows great promise. Also, the feasibility of the concepts created using the Make publication was significantly higher (p-value of 0.06) than the concepts from the Popular Science and Popular Mechanics publications while the novelty ratings between these two showed no statistically significant difference. Overall the team generated over 130 concepts with the largest contributors to this quantity coming from the Make publication and the 6-3-5 technique. The paper concludes by noting the unique characteristics and resulting contributions from each of the four ideation techniques along with suggestions regarding which technique(s) might be most beneficial depending on the nature of a specific design challenge. C1 [Jensen, Daniel D.; Wood, John J.; Knodel, Philip; Vincent, Robert] US Air Force Acad, El Paso, TX USA. [Wood, Kristin L.; Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA. RP Jensen, DD (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, El Paso, TX USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AT UT WOS:000380252701031 ER PT S AU Rhymer, DW Buckley, RT Jensen, DD AF Rhymer, Donald William Buckley, Richard T. Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI THE EFFECT OF STUDENT NARRATION ON SENIOR-LEVEL ENGINEERING CLASSES SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Narration (having students read text aloud, recite the main points, followed by thinking about the implications of the points) has been shown in many cases to develop deeper, more critical thinking in students at the K-12 level. Significant research in this area has not been accomplished at the college level where, particularly in engineering, textbooks are used by students primarily to solve problems in a rote manner, not to aid their overall understanding of how to solve problems or give them a background as to the beneficial applications of solving problems. By asking senior students in an instrumentation mechanical engineering class at the Air Force Academy to narrate, recite, and reflect on a pertinent engineering text in class, the authors hypothesized that students would demonstrate an increase in conceptual understanding of course material. Additionally, the authors believed the students' perception of the narration method might have an impact on the technique's success. Thus, the study, using two control classes and two research (narration) classes, investigated whether performance was impacted by the incoming GPA of the student, participation in the narration condition, and the students' overall qualitative impression of the narration technique's perceived benefits. In comparing performances on conceptual exam questions covering material introduced via student narration in the classroom, the narration students performed more poorly than the control group students who did not narrate. Because the narration group began with lower GPAs on average, we used GPA as a covariant; however,, the means were still significantly different, with the research group scoring an average of 5.8% lower across two exam sets of questions (p = 0.028). The qualitative data also suggest a less than positive impact of using narration; the students' opinions of the narration became more negative as the semester progressed. Specifically, as the semester progressed the students had less faith that narration would aid their learning, with many believing that having the instructor cover the material would be as good or better than using narration. While it may seem counter-intuitive based on the above results, we are continuing our investigation of the incorporation, but will increase the use of narration time per lesson so that it more closely matches previous research where the results were more positive. This follow-on work has also begun honing assessment exam questions to more closely correlate with concepts targeted using narration, and ensuring instructor emphasis in teaching the concepts is controlled (equivalent emphasis whether using narration-discussion or traditional instructor lectures). While still preliminary, the initial results from implementing these changes have indicated the largest learning increases for narrating students, followed by smaller increases for students participating in post-narration discussion over those not participating. C1 [Rhymer, Donald William; Buckley, Richard T.; Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rhymer, DW (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253706025 ER PT S AU Roberts, ML Deppensmith, R Silva, RJ AF Roberts, Marcus L. Deppensmith, Randall Silva, Ryan Jay GP ASEE TI Observations From First Year Instructors: What We Wish We Knew Before We Began SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB In June 2010, we reported to the United States Air Force Academy to teach in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Each of us brought different skill sets, different experiences, and different interests from different jobs in different locations. Yet, throughout our first year we simultaneously observed common stumbling blocks leading to some dilemmas and curiosities. This paper presents some of these common observations from three dissimilar instructors within a contextual framework promoting a learning-centered paradigm and balancing technical syllabus content with real-world "soft" skills. It is not our intention to define these observations as "Tricks of the Trade" or "Best Practices," although some recommendations are made. Rather, our intent is that these 10 observations will open dialogue in other institutions and departments to collectively address these issues. C1 [Roberts, Marcus L.; Silva, Ryan Jay] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Deppensmith, Randall] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Roberts, ML (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM marcus.roberts@usafa.edu; ryan.silva@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AT UT WOS:000380252705070 ER PT S AU Sathyamoorthy, S Jarvin, L Hollis, M Christ, JA Ramsburg, CA AF Sathyamoorthy, Sandeep Jarvin, Linda Hollis, Michael Christ, John Anthony Ramsburg, C. Andrew GP ASEE TI A STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING LAB TO INCREASE MOTIVATION AND INTEREST IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE ID MEDICAL CURRICULA; PROJECT; PBL AB Problem based learning (PBL) is a well established student-centered approach which promotes application-based learning, enhances problem solving skills and fosters peer learning. This paper describes implementation of a PBL lab within a junior-level course on environmental engineering processes. The PBL exercise was an open-ended, two-hour lab, where student teams designed, built and tested a prototype water treatment system to achieve stated water quality criteria (UV transmittance and turbidity). Each team was given a scope of work that outlined the problem, objectives, design criteria, available materials, constraints, effluent quality testing protocol (using a synthetic influent) and evaluation criteria. Students were given no prior information about the lab, and the PBL lab was the first lab of the semester. A multidimensional survey was developed and administered three times throughout the semester. Questions were designed to evaluate whether or not the PBL lab had a quantifiable effect on learner motivation (for the course and for environmental engineering), and self efficacy. Results indicate that the students enter the course as highly motivated learners (cohort motivation for course (out of 5): median=5, mean=4.32). This ceiling effects limits assessment of the direct impact of the PBL lab on learner motivation. The data do, however, suggest that learner self efficacy increased as a result of the PBL exercise. Evidence from post-lab student presentations supports this observation, with teams applying knowledge from previous classes to this new problem. The PBL lab was well received; students reported enjoying collaborating with their peers to develop a tangible solution to a real-world problem. Student feedback suggests the influence of the PBL lab may increase if learners had an opportunity to see the influent prior to construction. This study provides additional empirical evidence to encourage more widespread inclusion of PBL teaching/learning experiences into environmental engineering curricula. C1 [Sathyamoorthy, Sandeep] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Jarvin, Linda] Paris Coll Art, Paris, France. [Hollis, Michael; Christ, John Anthony] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ramsburg, C. Andrew] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Sathyamoorthy, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250100030 ER PT S AU Van Treuren, KW Jean, BR Fry, CC AF Van Treuren, Kenneth W. Jean, Buford Randall Fry, Cynthia C. GP ASEE TI AC 2012-3830: TEACHING CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN THE CLASSROOM SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Much is being required of engineering graduates that goes well beyond the basic skills traditionally required in engineering. While ABET assessment insures that all programs have the minimum skills and outcomes required for accreditation, it is the responsibility of academic institution to develop "core values" in their students so that the constituents are best served. Feedback from industry highlights the need for students to understand more about the areas of creativity and innovation in the context of the business environment. 1 Innovation and creativity are critical to maintaining an engineering edge in the United States' industrial base. 2 These topics deserve emphasis in classes other than dedicated design classes. This paper will outline what is being done at Baylor University to develop an entrepreneurial/intrapreneurial mindset in our students that emphasizes creativity and innovation through the KEEN Innovator program. This program is enabling faculty to help the students learn to be creative and innovative. Highlighted in the paper will be two examples where modules on creativity and innovation were incorporated into existing classes. Assessment and student response will be addressed. One course, entitled "Electronic Design", introduced students to the creativity and innovation involved in patent process. Students were given periodic assignments linking the course material to relevant patents associated with the topic under discussion. A major laboratory assignment required the student to design a circuit to accomplish a given function while avoiding infringing on a hypothetical patent for a well-known design. In addition to reporting experimental results, students were required to prepare a patent application for their new design. The patent applications were reviewed by a team of faculty who selected the best application. A second course, entitled "Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems," had the students learn about creativity and innovation, the Request for Proposal (RFP) process, and then apply what they learned to develop an RFP for a battlefield information gathering system. Their RFP was presented to a panel of faculty who gave feedback on both the mechanics of presentation as well as the practicality of the ideas. A written RFP was also submitted and, based on the two evaluations, a "winner" was recognized. The course went on to use an RFP in the design of a gas turbine engine cycle for a high altitude long endurance aircraft used to gather intelligence. Concepts for innovation and creativity were also evaluated on the course exams. C1 [Van Treuren, Kenneth W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Waco, TX USA. [Van Treuren, Kenneth W.] USAF Acad, Heat Transfer & Prop Syst, Us Air Force Acad, CO USA. [Van Treuren, Kenneth W.] Baylor Univ, Lab Tech Fluid Mech Energy Syst Aeronaut Wind Ene, Waco, TX USA. [Jean, Buford Randall] Baylor Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX USA. [Fry, Cynthia C.] Baylor Univ, Comp Sci, Waco, TX USA. [Fry, Cynthia C.] Baylor Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Waco, TX USA. RP Van Treuren, KW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Res & Fac Dev, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253701041 ER PT S AU Wood, KL Mohan, RE Kaijima, S Dritsas, S Frey, DD White, CK Jensen, DD Crawford, RH Moreno, D Pey, KL AF Wood, Kristin L. Mohan, Rajesh Elara Kaijima, Sawako Dritsas, Stylianos Frey, Daniel D. White, Christina Kay Jensen, Daniel D. Crawford, Richard H. Moreno, Diana Pey, Kin-Leong GP ASEE TI AC 2012-4004: A SYMPHONY OF DESIGNIETTES: EXPLORING THE BOUNDARIES OF DESIGN THINKING IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE ID ACHIEVEMENT; MECHANICS AB In this paper, we consider the integration of design into engineering curricula from the perspective of designiettes. Designiettes are glimpses, snapshots, small-scale, short turnaround and well-scoped design problems that provide a significant design experience. While most engineering programs around the world introduce design at distinct points in a curriculum, such as freshman and capstone design courses, we present the concept of a "4-D" design pedagogy, where design is integrated across courses, semesters, years, and extra-curricular activities. This pedagogy, or framework, may be implemented in whole or in part in any engineering program. Building on this design pedagogy, we present the context of designiettes in terms of educational theories, the I-Engineering, and assessment. We then explore the strategic development and use of designiettes, and present a literature review on small scale design project efforts as they relate to the concept of designiettes. This literature leads to a categorization of characteristics and questions that form a basis for creating designiettes for use in engineering curricula. Exemplar designiettes are then presented to illustrate their development and implementation process. C1 [Wood, Kristin L.; White, Christina Kay; Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mohan, Rajesh Elara; Kaijima, Sawako; Dritsas, Stylianos; Moreno, Diana; Pey, Kin-Leong] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Frey, Daniel D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wood, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 34 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250101060 ER PT S AU Dunkley, R AF Dunkley, Richard GP IEEE TI Supporting a Wide Variety of Communication Protocols Using Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration SO 2012 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 10-13, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, Disneyland, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration; Field Programmable Gate Array; Communication Protocols; Embedded Design; Test and Evaluation Framework AB supporting a variety of communication protocols for test support equipment has typically required extensive hardware and Input/Output (I/O) interfaces targeting each protocol specifically. Recent advanced designs in the past ten years have created more dynamic approaches by using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and embedded hardware to implement or simulate previous hardware I/O designs. The dynamic possibilities of FPGAs have recently been expanded with the introduction of Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR), which allows part of the FPGA to be reconfigured while the rest of the logic remains static. This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using DPR to interface with various communication protocols in test equipment. C1 [Dunkley, Richard] Common Aircraft Portable Reprogramming Equipment, Software Maintenance Grp 309, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Dunkley, R (reprint author), Common Aircraft Portable Reprogramming Equipment, Software Maintenance Grp 309, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. FU ASEE SMART Scholarship program (smart. asee. org) FX This work was made possible by the ASEE SMART Scholarship program (smart. asee. org). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4673-0699-7; 978-1-4673-0700-0 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2012 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9AS UT WOS:000392928300023 ER PT S AU Kelly, PB AF Kelly, Patrick B. GP IEEE TI A New Class of Test Instrument The FPGA Based Module SO 2012 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 10-13, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, Disneyland, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE FPGA; ATE; Digital Test; Hardware; Mixed Signal; Programmable Hardware; Timing; Control AB Testing involves applying stimulus to a device, called the Unit Under Test (UUT), and evaluating the measured response against the expected values. Traditional systems use discrete instruments to supply the stimulus and measure the response, but most devices are part of a larger system and may be a component of a closed control loop. Many devices are designed to respond to the inputs by generating outputs that are dependent on some part of the output being fed back to the inputs through the rest of the system. To be comprehensive, a test of such a device must include stimulus and response that matches, as closely as possible, the way the device is used in the full system. This requires test equipment that can alter the stimulus in response to the UUT's outputs. For low speed systems, software can often accomplish this, which is the traditional approach, but systems that require much faster response than practically accomplished in software are simply not tested in this fashion unless custom test hardware is designed to do it. This drives up the cost of test station and test program design, development, and maintenance, making it prohibitive except where crucial. Recent advancements in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology have made a new class of instrument available to the test market. Modules based on standard interfaces that provide a large FPGA with external memory, multiple ADC and DAC channels with the digital side interfaced to the FPGA, and a large number of digital I/O pins plus programming interfaces that are fairly easy to use are now available at low cost. These modules can replace custom electronics that were required to achieve satisfactory test results in "Hardware in the Loop" test scenarios at very low acquisition and development cost. FPGA based test instruments allow rapid development of complex control systems without custom hardware development. The future impact of such implementations will be reduced station and test program maintenance cost and problems since the "custom hardware" is contained in the test program and the hardware it runs on is a commercially available standard part number. C1 [Kelly, Patrick B.] 516th Software Maintenance Squadron, Software Maintenance Wing 309, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Kelly, PB (reprint author), 516th Software Maintenance Squadron, Software Maintenance Wing 309, Hill AFB, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4673-0699-7; 978-1-4673-0700-0 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2012 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9AS UT WOS:000392928300050 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, S Adams, WL Sankar, R AF Sobolewski, Sylwester Adams, William Larry, Jr. Sankar, Ravi GP IEEE TI Automatic Modulation Recognition Techniques Based on Cyclostationary and Multifractal Features For Distinguishing LFM, PWM and PPM Waveforms Used in Radar Systems as Example of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Test. SO 2012 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 10-13, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, Disneyland, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE Automatic modulation recognition; cyclostationarity; multi-fractals; LFM (Chirp); PWM; PPM AB Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is an example of implementation of Artificial Intelligence to cognitive radio received signal software testing. This article proposes two fairly simple and computationally feasible AMR algorithms, based on the principles of cyclostationarity and multi-fractals, suitable for practical real-time software radio communications applications for distinguishing Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM or Chirp), Pulse Width and Pulse Position Modulations (PWM/PPM) waveforms used in Radar systems, both commercial and military, from other commonly employed modulations such as, for example, BPSK, BFSK, GMSK. In these techniques, the incoming received signal is processed to determine the cyclostationary and multifractal features of the waveforms which are later matched by a neural network classifier with corresponding feature patterns of stored modulated waveforms, declaring the appropriate modulation present for whichever waveform produces the highest matching output. A spreadsheet of classification probabilities for both techniques is generated which compares their performance for the six studied waveforms. C1 [Sobolewski, Sylwester; Adams, William Larry, Jr.] US Air Force, Automat Test Syst Div, USAF AFMC AFLCMC WNAEB, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. [Sankar, Ravi] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Sobolewski, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Automat Test Syst Div, USAF AFMC AFLCMC WNAEB, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM sylwester.sobolewski@robins.af.mil; william.adams@robins.af.mil; sankar@eng.usf.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4673-0699-7; 978-1-4673-0700-0 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2012 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9AS UT WOS:000392928300063 ER PT S AU Hayden, E Schmalz, M Chapman, W Ranka, S Sahni, S Seetharaman, G AF Hayden, Eric Schmalz, Mark Chapman, William Ranka, Sanjay Sahni, Sartaj Seetharaman, Gunasekaran GP IEEE TI Techniques for Mapping Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing Algorithms to Multi-GPU Clusters SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ISSPIT) SE IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) CY DEC 12-15, 2012 CL Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM SP IEEE, Ton Duc Thang Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Fdn Sci Technol Dev, AF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE High performance computing; Synthetic aperture radar; Image reconstruction; Graphics processing unit AB This paper presents a design for parallel processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data using multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Our approach supports real-time reconstruction of a two-dimensional image from a matrix of echo pulses and their response values. Key to runtime efficiency is a partitioning scheme that divides the output image into tiles and the input matrix into a collection of pulses associated with each tile. Each image tile and its associated pulse set are distributed to thread blocks across multiple GPUs, which support parallel computation with near-optimal I/O cost. The partial results are subsequently combined by a host CPU. Further efficiency is realized by the GPU's low-latency thread scheduling, which masks memory access latencies. Performance analysis quantifies runtime as a function of input/output parameters and number of GPUs. Experimental results were generated with 10 nVidia Tesla C2050 GPUs having maximum throughput of 972 Gflop/s. Our approach scales well for output (reconstructed) image sizes from 2,048 x 2,048 pixels to 8,192 x 8,192 pixels. C1 [Hayden, Eric; Schmalz, Mark; Chapman, William; Ranka, Sanjay; Sahni, Sartaj] Univ Florida, Dept CISE, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Seetharaman, Gunasekaran] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hayden, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept CISE, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hayden@cise.ufl.edu; mssz@cise.ufl.edu; wchapman@cise.ufl.edu; ranka@cise.ufl.edu; sahni@cise.ufl.edu; Gunasekaran.Seetharaman@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-II-C-0182] FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory for support for this research under Contract #FA8750-II-C-0182. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7843 BN 978-1-4673-5604-6 J9 IEEE INT SYMP SIGNAL PY 2012 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA0ST UT WOS:000332187000003 ER PT B AU Cheng, ZQ Mosher, S Parakkat, J Robinette, K AF Cheng, Zhiqing Mosher, Stephen Parakkat, Julia Robinette, Kathleen BE Duffy, VG TI Human Modeling and Simulation with High Biofidelity SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED HUMAN MODELING AND SIMULATION SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Human modeling; biofidelity; human shape; human motion; human activity; virtual ID HUMAN MOTION CAPTURE; SKIN DEFORMATION; SHAPE; POSE AB The human modeling and simulation (M&S) technology currently used in most virtual reality systems lacks sufficient biofidelity and thus is not able to describe and demonstrate the nuances of human activities and human signatures. In this paper, the problem is addressed from the perspectives of major factors affecting biofidelity, including static and dynamic shape modeling and motion capture and analysis. An investigation on replicating and creating human activities with high biofidelity is described with examples demonstrated. C1 [Cheng, Zhiqing; Mosher, Stephen] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Parakkat, Julia; Robinette, Kathleen] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7032-7; 978-1-4398-7031-0 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2012 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BC2WC UT WOS:000351388700001 ER PT S AU Kettwich, SC Lund, BR Smith, DW Iacono, ST AF Kettwich, Sharon C. Lund, Benjamin R. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Iacono, Scott T. BE Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC TI Recent Advances in Partially Fluorinated Arylene Vinylene Ether (FAVE) Polymers SO ADVANCES IN FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PERFLUOROCYCLOPENTENE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NUCLEOPHILES; DERIVATIVES AB A new, facile step-growth polymerization of diols/bisphenols and aryl trifluorovinylethers has been established to afford fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers. Kinetic and mechanistic studies produced optimized polymerization methodologies that have led to the development of tailorable FAVE polymer systems to include linear polymers, telechelomers, segmented block polymers, and networks. The combination of tailroability, processablility, and thermal stability has promoted interest in light emissive materials, chemical sensors, and proton exchange membranes. This timely review will provide a comprehensive account of this new FAVE polymer system. C1 [Kettwich, Sharon C.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lund, Benjamin R.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Lund, Benjamin R.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Kettwich, SC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dwsmith@utdallas.edu; scott.iacono@usafa.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2792-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1106 BP 9 EP 28 D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1106 PG 20 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA4MN UT WOS:000336003100003 ER PT S AU Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC AF Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Iacono, Scott T. Boday, Dylan J. Kettwich, Sharon C. BE Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC TI Advances in Fluorine-Containing Polymers Preface SO ADVANCES IN FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan MacDiramid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.; Kettwich, Sharon C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Boday, Dylan J.] IBM Mat Engn, Tucson, AZ 85744 USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2792-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1106 BP IX EP X D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1106 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA4MN UT WOS:000336003100001 ER PT S AU Perahia, D Ratnaweera, DR Shrestha, UM Iacono, ST Smith, DW Mabry, J Majewski, J AF Perahia, Dvora Ratnaweera, Dilru R. Shrestha, Umesh M. Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W. Mabry, Joseph Majewski, Jaroslaw BE Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC TI Semi-Fluorinated Polymer/POSS Thin Films Nanocomposites: Response to Water SO ADVANCES IN FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALKANES; STABILIZATION; COPOLYMERS; STATE AB The potential of semifluorinated polymers thin nanocomposite films to form responsive interfaces is demonstrated. The changes that take place in a random copolymer Biphenyl Perfluorocyclobutane (BPh-PFCB) impregnated with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to humidity were followed by neutron reflectometery. The response to water is affected by the dispersion of the NPs which is strongly influenced by the semifluorinated nature of the polymer. Thin films of the pristine polymer consist of layered structures with the air interface rich with the fluorinated block. Pristine BPh-PFCB polymer films were surprisingly fully wetted by water, with distinct accumulation of liquid at the air/polymer and substrate/polymer interface. Upon exposure of the nanocomposite thin films to water vapor, compositional changes took place at the interfaces, which demonstrate the ability of the hybrid film to respond. The response mechanism encompasses the effect of fluorination that controls the interactions of the NPs within the polymer, coupled with entropic driving forces. C1 [Perahia, Dvora; Ratnaweera, Dilru R.; Shrestha, Umesh M.; Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Smith, Dennis W.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mabry, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perahia, D (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dperahi@clemson.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2792-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1106 BP 81 EP 93 D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1106 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA4MN UT WOS:000336003100007 ER PT S AU Crouse, CA AF Crouse, Christopher A. BE Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC TI Fluorinated Polymers as Oxidizers for Energetic Composites SO ADVANCES IN FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-FLUOROCARBON-PYROLANTS; MAGNESIUM/TEFLON/VITON MTV; COMBUSTION; ALUMINUM; PASSIVATION; PROPELLANT AB Fluorinated polymers have made a significant impact on the energetic materials community over the past several decades due to the strong oxidizing nature of the fluorine atoms found within their polymeric structure. The high density of fluorine within these polymers makes them highly effective oxidizers for energetic formulations with strongly electropositive metals (Mg, B, Al, Si, etc.) serving as the fuel. Furthermore, the presence of fluoropolymers in an energetic composite also incorporates beneficial structural properties as the polymer can simultaneously serve the role of both oxidizer and binder. Energetic formulations prepared with fluoropolymers as the binder and/or oxidizer have consistently demonstrated faster flame speeds, higher flame temperatures, increased reaction pressures and higher gas output when compared to formulations prepared with more conventional oxidizers. C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Crouse, CA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.crouse.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2792-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1106 BP 127 EP 140 D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1106 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA4MN UT WOS:000336003100010 ER PT S AU White, LD AF White, Larry D. BE Duyan, A TI Terrorism and Human Rights SO ANALYZING DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS AND NEW THREATS IN DEFENCE AGAINST TERRORISM SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series E-Human and Societal Dynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Training Course on Analyzing Different Dimensions and New Trends in Defence against Terrorism CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO DE counterterrorism; universal human rights; counterterrorism planning AB The fight against terrorism is not just about protection of lives, but also about protection of values, so human rights must be a consideration in all antiterrorism activities. In addition to the worldwide human rights establishment, counterterrorist forces, whether acting in a police or military capacity, must plan and execute actions consistent with the principles of human rights. C1 [White, Larry D.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Ankara, Turkey. [White, Larry D.] US Air Force, Sch Law, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP White, LD (reprint author), TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Ankara, Turkey. EM ldwhite@etu.edu.tr NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1879-8268 BN 978-1-61499-159-5; 978-1-61499-158-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC PY 2012 VL 104 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-159-5-105 PG 4 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC1PF UT WOS:000350342900009 ER PT B AU Lu, YL AF Lu, Yalin BE Chen, A Murphy, EJ TI Complex Oxide Electro-Optic Modulators SO BROADBAND OPTICAL MODULATORS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; PHASE-MODULATOR; LINBO3 CRYSTAL; BLUE-LIGHT; PLZT; CERAMICS; DEVICES; SUPERLATTICES; TEMPERATURE C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2507-5; 978-1-4398-2506-8 PY 2012 BP 307 EP 326 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC5GZ UT WOS:000353275900014 ER PT B AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon BE Cimbala, SJ TI The US Civil-Military Problematique and New Military Missions SO CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE: STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-2979-1; 978-1-4094-2978-4 PY 2012 BP 83 EP 100 PG 18 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BA3QC UT WOS:000334608500006 ER PT B AU Hocken, RJ Bosch, JA AF Hocken, Robert J. Bosch, John A. BE Hocken, RJ Pereira, PH TI Evolution of Measurement SO COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, 2ND EDITION SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hocken, Robert J.] Univ N Carolina, Precis Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hocken, Robert J.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Bosch, John A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Bosch, John A.] NIST, Tokyo, Japan. [Bosch, John A.] Leland Electrosyst, Board Directors, Vandalia, OH USA. RP Hocken, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Precis Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1753-3; 978-1-57444-652-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2012 VL 76 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BC5NU UT WOS:000353404200002 ER PT B AU Freeman, M L'Heureux, C Furleigh, D Pope, D AF Freeman, Michael L'Heureux, Christopher Furleigh, Dan Pope, Duke BE Freeman, M TI Insurgent and Terrorist Finances in Iraq SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Freeman, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [L'Heureux, Christopher] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Furleigh, Dan; Pope, Duke] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Pope, Duke] 18th Flight Test Squadron FLTS, Operat, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 29 EP 47 PG 19 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200003 ER PT B AU Corley, CL AF Corley, Christopher L. BE Freeman, M TI The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Corley, Christopher L.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Corley, Christopher L.] Director Secur Forces, Washington, DC USA. [Corley, Christopher L.] Staff Logist Installat & Mission Support, Washington, DC USA. RP Corley, CL (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 111 EP 141 PG 31 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200008 ER PT S AU Mann, M Wang, BG Bliss, D AF Mann, Matthew Wang, Buguo Bliss, David BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Ohtani, N Bakowski, M Garg, R TI Hydrophobic Growth of GaN Material: Current Status and Future Potential SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of ECS Fall Meeting CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS ID NA FLUX METHOD; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SCHOTTKY RECTIFIERS; BULK; DISLOCATIONS; SUBSTRATE; NITRIDE; EPITAXY; FILMS AB Due in part to the high breakdown voltage, gallium nitride is among a select few semiconductors investigated for next generation high power electronic devices. However, GaN based devices are currently performing far below their theoretical potential. Manufacturers of GaN HEMTs and FETs must de-rate the voltage of the device to maintain a high reliability. Conventional epitaxial growth of GaN thin films by HVPE, MOCVD, and MBE have been performed on nonnative substrates of Si, SiC, or sapphire, which results in defect formation and ultimately lowers operating voltages. To reduce the defects, several growth techniques have been utilized by researchers to produce bulk GaN single crystals. However, the fabrication of bulk GaN crystals of substantial size and suitable quality has proved quite difficult. This paper will review the current state of the art for the Ammonothermal, Flux growth, and HVPE techniques currently being pursued to produce bulk GaN. C1 [Mann, Matthew; Bliss, David] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH USA. RP Mann, M (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge Kyma Technologies and Soraa Inc. for supplying the images in Figures 2, 3 and 5. This work was sponsored, in part, by Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Dr. James Hwang). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-351-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1149/05003.0153ecst PG 10 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7TJ UT WOS:000337755900017 ER PT B AU Patterson, RE AF Patterson, Robert Earl BE Chen, J Cranton, W Fihn, M TI Binocular Vision and Depth Perception SO HANDBOOK OF VISUAL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STEREOSCOPIC DEPTH; DISTANCE PERCEPTION; VERTICAL DISPARITY; LOCAL STEREOPSIS; VISUAL-CORTEX; TEXTURE; CUES; CONVERGENCE; COMPUTATION; STEREOGRAMS AB This chapter covers several topics that are important for a basic understanding of binocular vision and depth perception. These topics include the horopter, binocular disparity, binocular rivalry, spatio-temporal frequency effects, and distance scaling of disparity. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patterson, RE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-79567-4; 978-3-540-79566-7 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_2.1.6 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC0PH UT WOS:000349301400011 ER PT B AU Patterson, RE AF Patterson, Robert Earl BE Chen, J Cranton, W Fihn, M TI Human Factors of 3D Displays SO HANDBOOK OF VISUAL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STEREOSCOPIC DEPTH-PERCEPTION; HUMAN EYE; STEREOPSIS AB This chapter provides a selected review of a number of important perceptual and human factors issues that arise when three-dimensional (3D) displays are designed and used. Topics discussed include: interocular cross talk; interocular differences in luminance and contrast; accommodation-vergence mismatch; stereoanomaly; spatio-temporal frequency effects; distance scaling of disparity; and high-level cue conflict. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patterson, RE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-79567-4; 978-3-540-79566-7 PY 2012 BP 1815 EP 1822 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_9.1.2 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC0PH UT WOS:000349301400111 ER PT B AU Patterson, RE AF Patterson, Robert Earl BE Chen, J Cranton, W Fihn, M TI Human Interface Factors Associated with HWDs SO HANDBOOK OF VISUAL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STEREOSCOPIC DEPTH-PERCEPTION; BINOCULAR-RIVALRY; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; SPACE-PERCEPTION; MOUNTED DISPLAYS; VISUAL SPACE; HUMAN EYE; DISTANCE; ACCOMMODATION; CONVERGENCE AB This chapter provides a review of selected visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-worn displays (HWDs). Issues discussed include interocular tolerance limits, binocular rivalry, accommodation-vergence mismatch, field of view, partial overlap HWDs, perceptual constancy, head movements, and head tracking. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patterson, RE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-79567-4; 978-3-540-79566-7 PY 2012 BP 2171 EP 2181 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_10.4.2 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC0PH UT WOS:000349301400137 ER PT B AU Patterson, RE Rolland, JP AF Patterson, Robert Earl Rolland, Jannick P. BE Chen, J Cranton, W Fihn, M TI Cognitive Engineering and Information Displays SO HANDBOOK OF VISUAL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS; WORKING-MEMORY; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; STEREO DISPLAYS; LINE SEGMENTS; VISUAL-SEARCH; TERM-MEMORY; SEE-THROUGH; ATTENTION; DEPTH AB While the intention behind the use of information displays may be the inducement of different forms of perception, high-level cognitive processes are always engaged when viewing information displays. Cognitive Engineering, which involves the meaning of display content, should be considered when designing display systems. In this chapter, we present an overview of human reasoning and decision making, which we believe is most relevant to the future of information display design including wearable displays. In this perspective, we discuss how displays may be categorized to interface either with the analytical reasoning system via content involving symbology or with the intuitive reasoning system that may require some level of immersion and more advanced levels of display hardware and cognitive engineering. C1 [Patterson, Robert Earl] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rolland, Jannick P.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Patterson, RE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-79567-4; 978-3-540-79566-7 PY 2012 BP 2259 EP 2269 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_10.6.3 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC0PH UT WOS:000349301400143 ER PT S AU Berg-Yuen, PEK Mehta, SS Pasiliao, EL Murphey, RA AF Berg-Yuen, Pia E. K. Mehta, Siddhartha S. Pasiliao, Eduardo L. Murphey, Robert. A. GP Assoc Comp Machinery TI Control of Human-Machine Interaction for Wide Area Search Munitions in the Presence of Target Uncertainty SO HRI'12: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH ANNUAL ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION SE ACMIEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) CY MAR 05-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE, ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGART, HFES, AAAI, IEEE Robot & Automat DE Control architecture; automation reliability AB In this report we describe the progress in developing a control architecture for human-in-the-loop wide area search munitions to reduce operator errors in the presence of unreliable automation and operator cognitive limitations. An optimal input tracking controller with adaptive automation uncertainty compensation and real-time workload assessment is developed to improve the system performance. Extensive simulations based on the experimental data involving 12 subjects demonstrate effectiveness of the presented controller. C1 [Berg-Yuen, Pia E. K.; Pasiliao, Eduardo L.; Murphey, Robert. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Mehta, Siddhartha S.] Univ Florida, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Mehta, SS (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM Pia.Berg-Yuen.ctr@eglin.af.mil; siddhart@ufl.edu; eduardo.pasiliao@eglin.af.mil; robert.murphey@eglin.af.mil FU US Air Force; Eglin AFB [FA8651-08-D-0108/025] FX This research is supported in part by a grant from the US Air Force, Eglin AFB, grant FA8651-08-D-0108/025. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 2167-2121 BN 978-1-4503-1063-5 J9 ACMIEEE INT CONF HUM PY 2012 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BG9JL UT WOS:000393315300059 ER PT B AU Smith, PJ Beatty, R Hayes, CC Larson, A Geddes, ND Dorneich, MC AF Smith, Philip J. Beatty, Roger Hayes, Caroline C. Larson, Adam Geddes, Norman D. Dorneich, Michael C. BE Jacko, JA TI Human-Centered Design of Decision-Support Systems SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION HANDBOOK: FUNDAMENTALS, EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES, AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS, 3RD EDITION SE Human Factors and Ergonomics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-MACHINE COOPERATION; ECOLOGICAL INTERFACE DESIGN; HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION; WORK DOMAIN ANALYSIS; EXPERT-SYSTEM; VIGILANCE DECREMENT; ASSOCIATE SYSTEMS; HUMAN-PERFORMANCE; TASK-ANALYSIS; HOT HAND C1 [Smith, Philip J.] Ohio State Univ, Cognit Syst Engn Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, Roger] Operat Control Serv, Dallas, TX USA. [Hayes, Caroline C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Larson, Adam] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Geddes, Norman D.] Appl Syst Intelligence Inc, Alpharetta, GA USA. [Dorneich, Michael C.] Honeywell Labs, Human Ctr Syst, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Cognit Syst Engn Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 282 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2944-8; 978-1-4398-2943-1 J9 HUM FACTORS ERGON PY 2012 BP 589 EP 621 D2 10.1201/b11963 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8EB UT WOS:000355562500030 ER PT B AU Brungardt, J AF Brungardt, Joshua BE Barnhart, RK Hottman, SB Marshall, DM Shappee, E TI Unmanned Aircraft System Elements SO INTRODUCTION TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brungardt, Joshua] High Performance Aircraft Training, London, England. [Brungardt, Joshua] EFIS Training, Rome, Italy. [Brungardt, Joshua] Lancair Aircraft, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Brungardt, Joshua] UAS, Creech AFB, NE USA. [Brungardt, Joshua] US Air Force, Pentagon, AR USA. RP Brungardt, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Aviat Dept, Salina, KS 67401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3521-0; 978-1-4398-3520-3 PY 2012 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BC8SE UT WOS:000356056600003 ER PT B AU Witt, G Hottman, SB AF Witt, Glen Hottman, Stephen B. BE Barnhart, RK Hottman, SB Marshall, DM Shappee, E TI Certificate of Authorization Process SO INTRODUCTION TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Witt, Glen] New Mexico State Univ, Airspace Operat Tech Anal & Applicat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Witt, Glen] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Witt, Glen] Lakenheath Radar Air Traff Control Ctr, Lakenheath AFB, England. [Witt, Glen] Albuquerque ARTCC, FAA, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Witt, Glen] FAA, Washington, DC USA. [Witt, Glen] Fac Airspace & Procedures Off, Paris, France. [Witt, Glen] DESA, Belgrade, Serbia. [Witt, Glen] NASA, Environm Res Aircraft & Sensor Technol ERAST Prog, Washington, DC USA. [Hottman, Stephen B.] UAS, TAAC, New Delhi, India. [Hottman, Stephen B.] New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Res & Dev, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hottman, Stephen B.] New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hottman, Stephen B.] NMSU, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Hottman, Stephen B.] DoD, Pentagon, AR USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3521-0; 978-1-4398-3520-3 PY 2012 BP 51 EP 68 PG 18 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA BC8SE UT WOS:000356056600005 ER PT B AU Kirkham, DM AF Kirkham, David M. BE Durham, WC Kirkham, DM Lindholm, T TI Islam and Political-Cultural Europe Introduction SO ISLAM AND POLITICAL-CULTURAL EUROPE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kirkham, David M.] BYU Law Sch, Comparat Law & Int Policy, BYU Int Ctr Law & Relig Studies, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kirkham, David M.] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Polit Sci, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Kirkham, David M.] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Int Polit & Democrat Studies, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Kirkham, David M.] US Air Force Acad, Int Plans & Programs, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kirkham, David M.] US Air Force Acad, Int Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kirkham, David M.] US Air Force Acad, Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kirkham, David M.] United Nations Off Coordinat Humanitarian Affairs, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Kirkham, DM (reprint author), BYU Law Sch, Comparat Law & Int Policy, BYU Int Ctr Law & Relig Studies, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 316 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-5300-0; 978-1-4094-5299-7 PY 2012 BP 1 EP + PG 20 WC Political Science; Religion SC Government & Law; Religion GA BC6DT UT WOS:000353825400001 ER PT B AU Jin, JI Grote, JG AF Jin, Jung-Il Grote, James G. BE Jin, JI Grote, J TI MATERIALS SCIENCE of DNA Preface SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF DNA LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Jin, Jung-Il] Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jin, JI (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2742-0; 978-1-4398-2741-3 PY 2012 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6UN UT WOS:000354491200001 ER PT B AU Heckman, EM Bartsch, CM Yaney, PP Subramanyam, G Ouchen, F Grote, JG AF Heckman, Emily M. Bartsch, Carrie M. Yaney, Perry P. Subramanyam, Guru Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. BE Jin, JI Grote, J TI DNA-Surfactant Thin-Film Processing and Characterization SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF DNA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID DNA; OPTICAL-MATERIALS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; HOLE MOBILITY; MOLECULES; BIOPOLYMER; CONDUCTION; POLYMERS; SEQUENCE C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Bartsch, Carrie M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yaney, Perry P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Yaney, Perry P.; Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2742-0; 978-1-4398-2741-3 PY 2012 BP 179 EP 229 PG 51 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6UN UT WOS:000354491200008 ER PT B AU Bartsch, CM Hagen, JA Heckman, EM Ouchen, F Grote, JG AF Bartsch, Carrie M. Hagen, Joshua A. Heckman, Emily M. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. BE Jin, JI Grote, J TI DNA-Based Thin-Film Devices SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF DNA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INSULATOR LAYER; ORGANIC FET; POLYMER FET; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; CHANNEL C1 [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hagen, Joshua A.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate, RHXB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. [Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bartsch, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2742-0; 978-1-4398-2741-3 PY 2012 BP 255 EP 289 PG 35 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6UN UT WOS:000354491200010 ER PT B AU Grote, JG AF Grote, James G. BE Jin, JI Grote, J TI Materials Science of DNA-Conclusions and Perspectives SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF DNA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSISTOR; SILICON; COMPLEX C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2742-0; 978-1-4398-2741-3 PY 2012 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6UN UT WOS:000354491200012 ER PT B AU Parsons, TW Campbell, SE AF Parsons, Theodore W., III Campbell, Scot E. BA Sivananthan, S Sherry, E Warnke, P Miller, MD BF Sivananthan, S Sherry, E Warnke, P Miller, MD TI Clinical evaluation, principles of biopsy and staging SO MERCER'S TEXTBOOK OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMA, 10TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PEDIATRIC BONE SARCOMAS; MUSCULOSKELETAL NEOPLASMS; PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; CT; METASTASES; DIAGNOSIS; PET; CHONDROSARCOMA; TUMORS C1 [Parsons, Theodore W., III] Dept Orthopaed Surg, Detroit, MI USA. [Campbell, Scot E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Parsons, TW (reprint author), Dept Orthopaed Surg, Detroit, MI USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4441-2876-5; 978-0-340-94203-1 PY 2012 BP 865 EP 873 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BD7FG UT WOS:000362980500081 ER PT S AU Guo, SW Tang, JS Parakkat, JB Robinette, KM AF Guo, Shenwen Tang, Jinshan Parakkat, Julia B. Robinette, Kathleen M. BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, EY TI Saccadic Eyes Recognition Using 3-D Shape Data from a 3-D Near Infrared Sensor SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID FACE RECOGNITION; 3D AB Saccadic eyes are important human behaviors and have important applications in commercial and security fields. In this paper, we focus on saccadic eyes recognition from 3-D shape data acquired from a 3-D near infrared sensor. Two salient features, normal vectors of meshes and curvatures of surfaces, are extracted. The distributions of normal vectors and curvatures are computed to represent eye states. The support vector machine (SVM) is applied to classify eyes states into saccadic and non-saccadic eyes states. To verify the proposed method, we performed three groups of experiments using different strategies for samples selected from 300 3-D data, and present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Guo, Shenwen] Alcorn State Univ, Dept Adv Technol, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. [Tang, Jinshan] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Technol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Parakkat, Julia B.; Robinette, Kathleen M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Vulnerability Analysis Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, SW (reprint author), Alcorn State Univ, Dept Adv Technol, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. EM jinshant@mtu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9084-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8406 AR 84060E DI 10.1117/12.918414 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAW43 UT WOS:000305738900012 ER PT B AU Telesca, DA Sharma, A Mayberry, C Deryb, H Wu, H Ciftcioglu, B Huang, M Song, Y Kawakami, R Shi, J Krivorotov, I Zutic, I Sham, LJ AF Telesca, Donald A. Sharma, Ashwani Mayberry, Clay Deryb, Hanan Wu, Hui Ciftcioglu, Berkehan Huang, Michael Song, Yang Kawakami, Roland Shi, Jing Krivorotov, Ilya Zutic, Igor Sham, Lu J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Inherently Radiation Hardened Electronics: An Examination of III-V Nanowire Transistors and Spin-Based Logic Devices SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 2: ELECTRONICS, DEVICES, FABRICATION, MEMS, FLUIDICS AND COMPUTATIONAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE Nano-wire transistors; magneto-logic gates; radiation hardened electronics ID METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR; SCALING THEORY; LITHOGRAPHY; CIRCUITS; MOSFETS AB This paper presents novel design concepts currently pursued for the realization of inherently radiation hardened electronics. All-around gate oxide nano-wire transistors made from Si and III-V materials, are the first innovation examined. The carriers in these nanowires have dramatically increased mobility which can be used to increase processing speed, while the transistor geometry provides an avenue for inherent radiation hardness. Secondly, this work will discuss the development of a spin based magneto-logic search engine. The manner in which the logic is written has the potential to be radiation hardened in addition to being nonvolatile. Realization of this type of logic will have an impact on both space electronics, as well as current terrestrial electronics. C1 [Telesca, Donald A.; Sharma, Ashwani; Mayberry, Clay] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Deryb, Hanan; Wu, Hui; Ciftcioglu, Berkehan; Huang, Michael] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kawakami, Roland; Shi, Jing] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Krivorotov, Ilya] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Zutic, Igor] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. [Sham, Lu J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Telesca, DA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6275-2 PY 2012 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BG7DY UT WOS:000391249200003 ER PT S AU Liu, BY Chen, YR Wysocki, B Huang, TW AF Liu, Beiye Chen, Yiran Wysocki, Bryant Huang, Tingwen BE Huang, T Zeng, Z Li, C Leung, CS TI The Circuit Realization of a Neuromorphic Computing System with Memristor-Based Synapse Design SO NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, ICONIP 2012, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP) CY NOV 11-15, 2012 CL Doha, QATAR SP IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, United Dev Co PSC, Qatar Petrochem Co, ExxonMobil, Texas A&M Univ Qatar & Asia Pacif Neural Network Assembly, European Neural Network Soc, Japanese Neural Network Soc, Qatar Petr, Int Neural Network Soc DE Bidirectional synapse; memristor; Hopfield network; pattern recognition AB Conventional CMOS technology is slowly approaching its physical limitations and researchers are increasingly utilizing nanotechnology to both extend CMOS capabilities and to explore potential replacements. Novel memristive systems continue to attract growing attention since their reported physical realization by HP in 2008. Unique characteristics like non-volatility, re-configurability, and analog storage properties make memristors a very promising candidate for the realization of artificial neural systems. In this work, we propose a memristor-based design of bidirectional transmission excitation/inhibition synapses and implement a neuromorphic computing system based on our proposed synapse designs. The robustness of our system is also evaluated by considering the actual manufacturing variability with emphasis on process variation. C1 [Liu, Beiye; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, ECE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wysocki, Bryant] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Huang, Tingwen] Texas A&M Univ Qatar, Doho, Qatar. RP Liu, BY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, ECE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bel34@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; Bryant.Wysocki@rl.af.mil; tingwen.huang@qatar.tamu.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-34475-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7663 BP 357 EP 365 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB6WT UT WOS:000345086000043 ER PT S AU Schrand, AM Dai, LM Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Schrand, Amanda M. Dai, Liming Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. BE Balls, M Combes, RD Bhogal, N TI TOXICITY TESTING OF NANOMATERIALS SO NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR TOXICITY TESTING SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LUNG INJURY; CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CELLULAR TOXICITY AB The large-scale production and consumer exposure to a variety of nanotechnology innovations has stirred interest concerning the health consequences of human exposure to nanomaterials. In order to investigate these questions, in vitro systems are used to rapidly and inexpensively predict the effects of nanomaterials at the cellular level. Recent advances in the toxicity testing of nanomaterials are beginning to shed light on the characteristics, uptake and mechanisms of their toxicity in a variety of cell types. Once the nanomaterials have been satisfactorily characterized, the evaluation of their interactions with cells can be studied with microscopy and biochemical assays. The combination of viability testing, observation of morphology and the generation of oxidative stress provide clues to the mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. The results of these studies are used to better understand how the size, chemical composition, shape and functionalization may contribute to their toxicity. This chapter will introduce the reader to the impact of nanomaterials in the workplace and marketplace with an emphasis on carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials, which are most commonly encountered. While most purified carbon nanomaterials were nontoxic to many cell lines, many metal nanoparticles (e.g., silver or manganese) were more toxic. Other side-effects of nanoparticle interactions with cells can also occur, such as increased branching and dopamine depletion. Further investigation into the characteristics, uptake and mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity will continue to elucidate this fascinating and rapidly growing area of science. C1 [Schrand, Amanda M.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schrand, Amanda M.; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schrand, AM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amanda.schrand@udri.udayton.edu NR 87 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4614-3054-4; 978-1-4614-3055-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2012 VL 745 BP 58 EP 75 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1 PG 18 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BA2TB UT WOS:000333851400006 PM 22437813 ER PT B AU Deiner, LJ Marruffo, A Reitz, TL AF Deiner, L. Jay Marruffo, Alexis Reitz, Thomas L. GP IS&T TI Mechanochemical Approaches to Ceramic Ink Formulation for Digital Fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO NIP28: 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES / DIGITAL FABRICATION 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP28) / Digital Fabrication conference 2012 CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Soc Imag Sci & Technol, Imag Soc Japan, Adobe, Kodak, BASF, Canon, LEXMARK, FUJIFILM, KONICA MINOLTA, Hewlett-Packard, xerox, TReK ID NI-YSZ ANODE; ELECTROLYTE; CATHODE; LAYER AB Four different ink processing protocols were investigated to control the particle size distribution of lab scale batches of inkjet inks used for printing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anodes. The inks were composed of a mixture of commercial Nickel Oxide (NiO) and Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) powders dispersed in organic solvents. Protocols incorporating high energy wet and dry milling using a SPEX 8000 mixer mill were compared to traditional low energy milling/dispersion methods. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (B.E.T.) surface area measurements were used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) to determine the effects of the milling protocols on the dry powder particle sizes and morphologies. Dynamic light scattering (D.L.S.) was used to measure the particle size distributions of the inks. Low energy dispersion of the NiO and YSZ powders produced an ink with a number weighted particle size distribution peaked 300 nm and a significant tail of particles as large as 1 pm. Adding high energy dry milling or high energy slurry dispersion to the process removed most of the large particle size tail, but the particle size distribution remained peaked at 250 300 nm. By combining high energy dry powder milling with high energy slurry dispersion, the main peak in the particle size distribution shifted to 180 nm with minimal particles above 600 nm. These results indicate that the combination of high energy milling and dispersion enable lab scale production of nanoscale NiO/YSZ inks from commercial powders. The protocols developed in this work provide a first step towards the goal of controlling the microstructure of inkjet printed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes through control of the ink particle size distribution. C1 [Deiner, L. Jay] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Marruffo, Alexis; Reitz, Thomas L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deiner, LJ (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-302-2 PY 2012 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC4TJ UT WOS:000352920200092 ER PT B AU Hankins, D Burns, M Kuhlman, P Baldwin, T Smock, JA Bynum, A Shaffner, JE Dietz, JE Black, DR AF Hankins, David Burns, Marti Kuhlman, Pat Baldwin, Tim Smock, Jennifer A. Bynum, Andrew Shaffner, Julie E. Dietz, J. Eric Black, David R. BE Dietz, JE Black, DR TI Lessons Learned from Tabletop Exercises SO PANDEMIC PLANNING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pandemic Influenza; Essential Services; Exercise Planning; Tabletop Exercises; Functional Exercises AB This chapter provides information regarding development and delivery of pandemic influenza preparedness exercises for Indiana rural hospitals and their partner stakeholders between 2008 and 2010. In 2008, functional exercises were delivered across the state using a web-based system that was supported by video, e-mail, phone, and fax. This approach allowed us to remain at Purdue University, yet communicate with and deliver the exercise to players who largely remained at their respective work stations within their counties to participate in the exercise. Worksheets were included with each inject with more than half required to be returned. Returned worksheets allowed us to ensure that participants were engaged and helped measure their success or identify areas that needed improvement. In 2009 and 2010, we developed tabletop exercises that were delivered on-site to nine counties in five of the Indiana homeland security districts. Again, these were primarily aimed at rural hospitals and their stakeholders. In this series of exercises, the spotlight was aimed at identifying those essential services that hospitals/communities wanted to retain despite the challenges of an influenza pandemic. In other words, it required players to determine what they would stop or alter in order to continue providing what they had identified as their "essential services." The chapter concludes with some tips that may be valuable for those new to exercise planning. C1 [Hankins, David] Purdue Univ, PHSI, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hankins, David] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Hankins, David] Purdue Homeland Secur Inst PHSI Team, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Hankins, David] Indiana State Dept Hlth ISDH Hlth Preparedness &, PHSI Efforts, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Burns, Marti] Purdue Univ, Visual Analyt Command Control & Interoperabil Env, Engagement & Educ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Burns, Marti; Kuhlman, Pat; Baldwin, Tim; Smock, Jennifer A.; Shaffner, Julie E.; Dietz, J. Eric; Black, David R.] PHSI, London, England. [Kuhlman, Pat] Weas Engn, Tech Dept, Westfield, IN USA. [Kuhlman, Pat] Weas Engn, Westfield, IN USA. [Baldwin, Tim] Westminster Inst, Counterterrorism Training & Res, Washington, DC USA. [Baldwin, Tim] Purdue Off Planning & Preparedness, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Smock, Jennifer A.] Natl Assoc Cty & City Officials, Washington, DC USA. [Smock, Jennifer A.] Natl Assoc Cty & City Officials NACCHO, PPHR, Washington, DC USA. [Smock, Jennifer A.] NACCHO, Washington, DC USA. [Smock, Jennifer A.] Purdue Campus Emergency Preparedness & Planning O, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Shaffner, Julie E.] ICAAP, Obes Prevent Initiat, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Shaffner, Julie E.] ICAAP, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Dietz, J. Eric; Black, David R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dietz, J. Eric] Purdues Discovery Pk, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Dietz, J. Eric] Indiana Dept Homeland Secur, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Dietz, J. Eric] Governors Counterterrorism & Secur Council, London, England. [Dietz, J. Eric] Indiana Intelligence Fus Ctr, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Dietz, J. Eric] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Black, David R.] Purdue Univ, Publ Hlth, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Black, David R.] Purdue Univ, Homeland Secur Inst, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Black, David R.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Black, David R.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Commun Skills & Stat, Omaha, NE USA. [Black, David R.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Prevent & Stress Med, Omaha, NE USA. [Black, David R.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Omaha, NE USA. [Black, David R.] Indiana Mil Acad, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Hankins, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, PHSI, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5767-0; 978-1-4398-5765-6 PY 2012 BP 215 EP 233 D2 10.1201/b11779 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC8IS UT WOS:000355700100015 ER PT B AU Brandt, J AF Brandt, Jordan BE Ayres, P TI The death of determinism SO PERSISTENT MODELLING: EXTENDING THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brandt, Jordan] Horizontal Syst, New York, NY 10036 USA. [Brandt, Jordan] Struct Engn Off Adams Kara Taylor, BIM Programme, London, England. [Brandt, Jordan] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Brandt, Jordan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brandt, Jordan] GSA, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Horizontal Syst, New York, NY 10036 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-59407-3; 978-0-203-78254-5; 978-0-415-59406-6 PY 2012 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA BB4AM UT WOS:000343119500010 ER PT B AU Binkley, BA Malloy, DJ Patterson, GT Hansen, ER Kidman, DS AF Binkley, Brian A. Malloy, Donald J. Patterson, Grant T. Hansen, Eric R. Kidman, David S. GP ASME TI AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM FLIGHT TEST - ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION CHALLENGES AND INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The paper describes the challenges and solution methodologies associated with the flight test and evaluation of the propulsion system for a twin engine military legacy aircraft. Recent flight-test programs evaluated the effects of temperature distortion and biased engine inlet total temperature measurement (TT2) on engine scheduling and compressor stability margin. The challenges are associated with the limited instrumentation and the repeatability of the flight-test points. During the test program it was necessary to employ techniques to extend the usefulness of the data beyond that provided by the acquired and reduced data sets to address the challenges associated with flight-test analysis. The challenges were addressed using mathematical models, engine cycle decks, uninstalled ground-test data, computational fluid dynamics, or some combination of these. Several specific challenges and solutions are described in detail in the paper. C1 [Binkley, Brian A.; Malloy, Donald J.] US Air Force AEDC Test Div, Anal Branch, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. [Patterson, Grant T.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Afb, TN USA. [Hansen, Eric R.; Kidman, David S.] US Air Force 773 Test Squadron, Prop Integrat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Binkley, BA (reprint author), US Air Force AEDC Test Div, Anal Branch, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4467-0 PY 2012 BP 245 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HH UT WOS:000335720700024 ER PT B AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Jones, TP AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Jones, T. P. GP ASME TI TENSION-COMPRESSION FATIGUE OF A SiC/SiC CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); fatigue; high-temperature properties; mechanical properties; fractography ID CREEP-BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; CMCS; SIBC AB Tension-compression fatigue behavior of a non-oxide ceramic composite with a multilayered matrix was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air. The composite was produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite had an oxidation inhibited matrix, which consisted of alternating layers Of silicon carbide and boron carbide and was reinforced with laminated HiNicalon (TM) fibers woven in an eight-harness-satin weave (8HSW). Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbon overlay applied. Tension-compression fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 80 to 200 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz. The R ratio (minimum stress to maximum stress) was -1.0. Fatigue run-out was defined as 2x10(5) cycles. Fatigue limit was 80 MPa. Specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Reductions in tensile modulus and in compressive modulus were negligible. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Jones, T. P.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4467-0 PY 2012 BP 467 EP 473 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HH UT WOS:000335720700042 ER PT B AU Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Klingshirn, CD Anneken, D Shafer, L Striebich, R AF Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Klingshirn, Christopher D. Anneken, David Shafer, Linda Striebich, Richard GP ASME TI COMPARISONS OF EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL TURBINE ENGINES BURNING FISCHER-TROPSCH AND HYDROPROCESSED ESTERS AND FATTY ACIDS ALTERNATIVE JET FUELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A summary of the impacts of alternative fuel blends on the gaseous and particulate matter (PM) (mostly soot) emissions of aircraft turbine engines is presented. Six engines were studied under several US Air Force and NASA sponsored programs to assess the impacts of the alternative (non-petroleum) fuels on emissions and/or to support the certification of military aircraft for the use of 50/50 (by volume) alternative fuel/JP-8 blends. One turboshaft (T63) and five turbofan (CFM56-7, CFM56-2, F117, TF33 and PW308) engines were studied. Fuels derived from coal and natural gas produced via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and fuels from animal fats and plant oils produced via hydroprocessing [Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA)] were evaluated. Trends of alternative fuel impacts on emissions compared to conventional fuel for the different engine types are discussed. Results consistently show significant reductions in PM emissions with the alternative fuel blends compared to operation with conventional fuels. These relative reductions were observed to be lower as engine power increased. Engines operated with different alternative fuel blends were found to produce similar slopes of normalized particle number to engine power with only the magnitude of the reductions being a function of the fuel type. These results suggest that it may be plausible to predict particle number emissions from turbine engines operated on alternative fuels based on engine, engine setting, limited PM data and fuel composition. Gaseous emissions measurements show modest reductions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) with the alternative fuels for several engines; however, no clear dependency of fuel impacts based on engine characteristics were observed. C1 [Corporan, Edwin] Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeWitt, Matthew J.; Klingshirn, Christopher D.; Anneken, David; Shafer, Linda; Striebich, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4468-7 PY 2012 BP 425 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HI UT WOS:000335720800041 ER PT B AU Anthony, RJ Clark, JP Finnegan, JM Johnson, D AF Anthony, Richard J. Clark, John P. Finnegan, John M. Johnson, Dean GP ASME TI MODIFICATIONS AND UPGRADES TO THE AFRL TURBINE RESEARCH FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID PREDICTIONS AB The Turbine Research Facility (TRF) at the Air Force Research Laboratory has undergone a two-year effort to enhance and modernize multiple systems for advanced study of unsteady turbine aerodynamics and heat transfer. This paper provides an overview of several concurrent projects to upgrade a number of facility hardware and software systems. A unique scalable high speed, high channel count data acquisition architecture is developed with modern hardware and software that expands capability while maintaining compatibility and synchronization with. legacy hardware. The combination of both new and existing channels with custom Matlab-based data acquisition and processing code provides accurate and efficient signal processing and display for over 750 high speed data channels. Codes are integrated with a new Turbine Design and Analysis System that provides design CFD modeling, optimization, and post-test analysis. The paper describes a new 1+1/2 stage cooled high pressure research turbine that has been designed, instrumented, and tested. Initial cooled vs. uncooled data comparisons are given including fast response unsteady airfoil pressure and heat flux. This work further describes significant modification to the TRF rotordynamic drive system. Analysis and mechanical re-design have been completed to mitigate vibration effects. Facility monitoring and control upgrades are implemented to improve test situational awareness and safety. Updated cryogenic cooling hardware and software improve cooling flow delivery to HPT airfoils, platforms, and blade outer air seals. Future work includes continued research turbine testing, industry test rig collaboration, new instrumentation technology, and advanced modeling and simulation development. C1 [Anthony, Richard J.; Clark, John P.; Finnegan, John M.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Dean] Florida Turbine Technol, Jupiter, FL USA. RP Anthony, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 793 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900070 ER PT B AU Bohan, BT Blunck, DL Polanka, MD Kostka, S Jiang, NB Roy, S Stouffer, SD AF Bohan, Brian T. Blunck, David L. Polanka, Marc D. Kostka, Stanislav Jiang, Naibo Roy, Sukesh Stouffer, Scott D. GP ASME TI IMPACT OF AN UPSTREAM FILM-COOLING ROW ON MITIGATION OF SECONDARY COMBUSTION IN A HIGH FUEL-AIR ENVIRONMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID ENGINE DURABILITY IMPACTS; TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES; RATIO COMBUSTORS; HEAT RELEASE; TURBINE AB In advanced gas turbine engines that feature very short combustor sections, an issue of fuel-rich gases interacting with downstream components exists. In all of these engines there are regions downstream of the primary combustion section that will require the use of film-cooling in the presence of incompletely reacted exhaust. This will lead to the possibility of additional combustion reactions resulting from the combination of unburnt fuel and oxygen-rich cooling films. Research has been accomplished to understand this secondary reaction process. This experimental film-cooling study expands the previous investigations by attempting to reduce or remove the negative effects that result from secondary combustion in the coolant film. An upstream row of holes was added to a row of previously tested shaped coolant holes to understand if the reactions could be mitigated at the downstream locations. Several combinations of cooling schemes were investigated and the heat flux downstream was measured. Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) was used to measure OH concentration in the combustion zones to understand where the reactions occurred. It was discovered that creating a full sheet of air upstream could effectively protect the downstream row from the negative impacts of the fuel-rich crossflow. C1 [Bohan, Brian T.; Blunck, David L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kostka, Stanislav; Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Polanka, Marc D.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, Scott D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bohan, BT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 915 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900080 ER PT B AU DeLallo, MR Polanka, MD Blunck, DL AF DeLallo, Michael R. Polanka, Marc D. Blunck, David L. GP ASME TI IMPACT OF TRENCH AND RAMP FILM COOLING DESIGNS TO REDUCE HEAT RELEASE EFFECTS IN A REACTING FLOW SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID GAS AB High freestream fuel-air ratios are a recent area of concern in film cooling due to the potential for heat release on the surface of film cooled turbine components. This investigation compared the potential for heat release from three cooling designs: namely a fanned, a trenched, and a ramped. Measurements of heat flux to the downstream surface are provided when subjected to a reacting mainstream flow. This work furthermore studied the effect of multiple injection points in series along the surface of a flat plate. The extremes of either an upstream set of normal holes or an upstream slot is evaluated on its ability to protect the downstream coolant flow from the fuel rich mainstream. Results are presented in terms of heat flux, augmentation of heat flux, and normalized temperature which quantifies the magnitude, change, and potential change of downstream heat release, respectively. Downstream heat release was expected to be a result of local equivalence ratio and characteristic chemical and flow times. Results suggest the method of coolant injection to be more impactful on local equivalence ratio than the volume of coolant injected. C1 [DeLallo, Michael R.; Polanka, Marc D.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blunck, David L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP DeLallo, MR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 927 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900081 ER PT B AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP Ooten, MK AF Johnson, J. J. King, P. I. Clark, J. P. Ooten, M. K. GP ASME TI GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION OF AN HPT VANE PRESSURE SIDE FILM COOLING ARRAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The following work is an in-depth investigation of the heat transfer characteristics and cooling effectiveness of a full-scale fully-cooled modern high-pressure turbine (HPT) vane as a result of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, relative to the baseline cooling configuration. Individual designs were evaluated using 3-D Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that modeled film cooling injection using a transpiration boundary condition. 1,800 total different film cooling arrays were assessed for fitness within the optimization where film cooling parameters such as axial and radial hole location, hole size, injection angle, compound angle, and custom-designed row patterns were varied in the design space. The GA was able to find a unique pressure side (PS) cooling array after only 13 generations. The fitness functions prescribed for the problem successfully lowered the PS average surface temperature, lowered the maximum temperature, and increased the average overall effectiveness. Results clearly show how the optimized design redistributed flow from over-cooled areas on the vane PS to under-cooled areas near the shroud. Methods used in substantially improving pressure side film cooling performance here are promising in terms of eliminating durability problem areas for individual HPT components in their proper operating environments as well as increasing the potential to use less air from the compressor for cooling purposes in a gas turbine engine. C1 [Johnson, J. J.; King, P. I.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, J. P.; Ooten, M. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.johnson2@wpafb.af.mil; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil FU CFD; Tom McCray; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge ob Ni and Aerodynamic Solutions, Inc. for their technical support with the CFD code used in the optimization. Additional computational support from Tom McCray and others from the Air Force Research Laboratory is also greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 1151 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900102 ER PT B AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP Koch, PJ AF Johnson, J. J. King, P. I. Clark, J. P. Koch, P. J. GP ASME TI EXPLORING CONJUGATE CFD HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS FOR A FILM-COOLED FLAT PLATE AND 3-D TURBINE INLET VANE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB As part of a thorough benchmarking of the baseline cooling design in planned optimization work, Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assessments have been accomplished at RTV design flow conditions to simulate both a cooled flat plate pressure side (PS) model infrared thermography experiment as well as a full-scale, fully-cooled, full-wheel blowdown experiment on the same high pressure turbine (HPT) vane. Numerous past works on turbomachinery film cooling have been conducted using flat plate models because of their simplicity, repeatability, and low cost of experimentation relative to full scale rotating blowdown rigs. Some of these works generated film cooling correlations still in use today in industry for HPT components. The CFD assessments in this work provide insight into the fundamental differences between a flat plate model and a realistic 3-D vane in terms of film cooling performance for the same PS cooling array. The comparisons of results wring out expected differences between the geometries due to aspects such as highly curved surfaces and endwall effects. However, with nearly-matched coolant-to-mainstream temperature and pressure ratios, the cooling performance between the two models is surprisingly similar, especially in the midspan region. The similarities and differences observed herein represent the rigor and accuracy afforded by simulating both the solid and fluid domains as well as the high-density unstructured meshes that take into account all individual cooling passages and internal plenums, on top of the typically-assessed external fluid flow field. C1 [Johnson, J. J.; King, P. I.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.johnson2@wpafb.af.mil; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 1163 EP 1174 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900103 ER PT B AU Wertz, J Letcher, T Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Wertz, John Letcher, Todd Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles GP ASME TI AN ENERGY-BASED AXIAL ISOTHERMAL-MECHANICAL FATIGUE LIFING METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An energy-based fatigue lifing method for the determination of the full-life and critical-life of in-service structures subjected to axial isothermal-mechanical fatigue (IMF) has been developed. The foundation of this procedure is the energy-based axial room-temperature lifing model, which states: the total strain energy dissipated during both a quasi-static process and a dynamic (fatigue) process is the same material property. The axial IMF lifing framework is composed of the following entities: (1) the development of an axial IMF testing capability; (2) the creation of a testing procedure capable of assessing the strain energy dissipated during both a quasi-static process and a dynamic process at elevated temperatures; and (3), the incorporation of the effect of thermal loading into the axial fatigue lifing model. Both an axial IMF capability and a detailed testing procedure were created. The axial IMF capability was employed to produce full-life and critical-life predictions as functions of temperature, which were shown to have excellent correlation with experimental fatigue data. For the highest operating temperature, the axial IMF full-life prediction was compared to lifmg predictions made by both the Universal Slopes and the Uniform Material Law prediction and was found to be more accurate at elevated temperature. C1 [Wertz, John; Letcher, Todd; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI); U.S. Government FX The authors would like to thank the Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI) for their financial support of these endeavors. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), specifically the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) laboratory, facility and equipment access, and encouragement of this research.; This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 207 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800023 ER PT B AU Letcher, T Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Letcher, Todd Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles GP ASME TI STRAIN RATE AND LOADING WAVEFORM EFFECTS ON AN ENERGY-BASED FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION FOR AL6061-T6 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The energy-based lifmg method is based on the theory that the cumulative energy in all hysteresis loops of a specimens' lifetime is equal to the energy in a monotonic tension test. Based on this theory, fatigue life can be calculated by dividing monotonic strain energy by a hysteresis energy model, which is a function of stress amplitude. Recent studies have focused on developing this method for a sine wave loading pattern - a variable strain rate. In order to remove the effects of a variable strain rate throughout the fatigue cycle, a constant strain rate triangle wave loading pattern was tested. The testing was conducted at various frequencies to evaluate the effects of multiple constant strain rates. Hysteresis loops created with sine wave loading and triangle loading were compared. The effects of variable and constant strain rate loading patterns on hysteresis loops throughout a specimens' fatigue life are examined. C1 [Letcher, Todd; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU U.S. Government FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 225 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800025 ER PT B AU Holycross, CM Wertz, JN Letcher, T Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, OE George, TJ AF Holycross, Casey M. Wertz, John N. Letcher, Todd Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E. George, Tommy J. GP ASME TI DAMAGE PARAMETER ASSESSMENT FOR ENERGY BASED FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An energy-based method used to predict fatigue life and critical life of various materials has been previously developed, correlating strain energy dissipated during monotonic fracture to total cyclic strain energy dissipation in fatigue fracture. This method is based on the assumption that the monotonic strain energy and total hysteretic strain energy to fracture is equivalent. The fracture processes of monotonic and cyclic failure modes can be of stark contrast, with ductile and brittle fracture dominating each respectively. This study proposes that a more appropriate damage parameter for predicting fatigue life may be to use low cycle fatigue (LCF) strain energy rather than monotonic energy. Thus, the new damage parameter would capture similar fracture processes and cyclic behavior Round tensile specimens machined from commercially supplied Al 6061-T6511 were tested to acquire LCF failure data in fully reversed loading at various alternating stresses. Results are compared to both monotonic and cyclic strain energy dissipation to determine if LCF strain energy dissipation is a more suitable damage parameter for fatigue life prediction. C1 [Holycross, Casey M.; Wertz, John N.; Letcher, Todd; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E.; George, Tommy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU U.S. Government FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 235 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800026 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Wertz, J Holycross, C AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Wertz, John Holycross, Casey GP ASME TI The Effect of Compressive Damage on Tensile Loading Failure of Titanium 6Al-4V SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FATIGUE-LIFE PREDICTION; CYCLE-FATIGUE; STRESS; METALS AB In order to explore the belief that total strain energy accumulation during monotonic tensile fracture is a universal damage parameter, the effect of compressive preloads on specimens failed via tensile loading is analyzed. The motivation behind this analysis is due to the theory of an energy-based life prediction model, which states that the total strain energy required for monotonic tensile fracture is defined as the physical damage quantity for the fatigue lifing model. Two things are observed in order to determine the effects of a compressive preload on tensile monotonic fracture. First, the compressive work is viewed as accumulated damage, thus adding to the total work necessary for failure. Second, tensile works of fractured specimens with and without stored compressive energy are compared to see if the damage parameter is affected. The analysis is conducted through experimental data acquisition from round stock Titanium 6Al-4V dogbone specimens. The results from this study show that compressive damage has a negligible effect on monotonic tensile work to fracture, and combined half-cycle tension and compression preloads have an unnoticeable effect on the tensile work of the final pull to fracture. These results contradict the theory and research validations of the energy-based predictions; however, they provide a platform for future efforts to understand the strain energy correlation between monotonic, low cycle and high cycle failures. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wertz, John; Holycross, Casey] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800029 ER PT B AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Cross, CJ Slater, JC AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Cross, Charles J. Slater, Joseph C. GP ASME TI PROBABILISTIC MISTUNING ASSESSMENT USING NOMINAL AND GEOMETRY BASED MISTUNING METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID ORDER MODELING TECHNIQUES; BLADED DISK ASSEMBLIES; FORCED RESPONSE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; PART II; STATISTICS; VIBRATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Two deterministic mistuning models utilizing component mode synthesis methods are used in a Monte Carlo simulation to generate mistuned response distributions for a geometrically perturbed Integrally Bladed Rotor. The first method, a frequency-perturbation approach with a nominal mode approximation used widely in academia and industry, assumes airfoil geometric perturbations alter only the corresponding modal stiffnesses while its mode shapes remain unaffected. The mistuned response is then predicted by a summation of the nominal modes. The second method, a geometric method utilizing non-nominal modes, makes no simplifying assumptions of the dynamic response due to airfoil geometric perturbations, but requires recalculation of each airfoil eigen-problem. A comparison of the statistical moments of the mistuned response distributions and prediction error is given for three different frequency ranges and engine order excitations. Further, the response distributions are used for a variety of design and testing scenarios to highlight impacts of the frequency-based approach inaccuracy. Results indicate the frequency-based method typically provides conservative response levels. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck@wpafb.af.mil; Joseph.Slater@wright.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 1085 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800110 ER PT B AU Lyall, ME King, PI Sondergaard, R AF Lyall, M. Eric King, Paul I. Sondergaard, Rolf GP ASME TI ENDWALL LOSS AND MIXING ANALYSIS OF A HIGH LIFT LOW PRESSURE TURBINE CASCADE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 8, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SECONDARY FLOWS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOWNSTREAM; PROBES AB A high lift LPT profile designated L2A is used as a test bed for studying the origin of endwall mixing loss and the role of vortical structures in loss development. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the mixing forces within the endwall wake can be decoupled into either mean flow or turbulent forces, and can be further classified as either reversible or irreversible. Among the irreversible forces, mean flow shear is negligible compared to turbulent shear, suggesting that turbulence dissipation is the dominant cause of loss generation. As a result, the mean flow components of the vortical structures do not generate significant mixing losses. Rather than mixing effects, the mean flow of the vortices cause the suction surface boundary layer to separate inside the passage, thereby generating the large low, energy regions typical of endwall flows. Losses are generated as the low energy regions mix out. This vortex separation effect is demonstrated with an experiment using a profile fence and pressure surface modification near the endwall. The findings in this paper suggest that profile modifications near the endwall that suppress suction surface separation may provide loss reductions additive to those that weaken vortical structures, such as endwall contouring. C1 [Lyall, M. Eric; King, Paul I.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyall, ME (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4474-8 PY 2012 BP 1205 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HJ UT WOS:000335720900109 ER PT B AU Benton, S Bons, JP Sondergaard, R AF Benton, Stuart Bons, Jeffrey P. Sondergaard, Rolf GP ASME TI SECONDARY FLOW LOSS REDUCTION THROUGH BLOWING FOR A HIGH-LIFT FRONT-LOADED LOW PRESSURE TURBINE CASCADE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 8, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; COMPRESSOR CASCADE; SEPARATION CONTROL; ENDWALL AB Efforts to increase individual blade loading in the low pressure turbine have resulted in blade geometries optimized for midspan performance. Many researchers have shown that in creased blade loading and a front-loaded pressure distribution each contribute separately to increased losses in the endwall region. A detailed investigation is performed of the baseline endwall flow of the L2F profile, a high-lift, front loaded profile. In-plane velocity vectors and total pressure loss maps are obtained in five planes oriented normal to the blade surface, for three Reynolds numbers. A row of pitched and skewed jets are introduced near the endwall on the suction surface of the blade. The flow control method is evaluated for four momentum coefficients at the high Reynolds number; with a maximum reduction of 42% in the area averaged total pressure loss coefficient. The same blade is also fitted with midspan vortex-generator jets and is tested at a Reynolds number of 20,000, resulting in a 21% reduction in area averaged total pressure loss. C1 [Benton, Stuart; Bons, Jeffrey P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benton, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. EM benton.53@osu.edu RI Bons, Jeffrey/N-9854-2014 FU The Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute through AFRL/DAGSI FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of The Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute through the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4474-8 PY 2012 BP 1217 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HJ UT WOS:000335720900110 ER PT S AU Duan, JS Pachter, R AF Duan, Jinsong Pachter, Ruth BE Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Huffaker, DL TI Computational analysis of the effects of gain material inclusion in engineered metal nanostructures SO QUANTUM DOTS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots and Nanostructures - Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling IX CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE loss; gain; metamaterials; nanostructure ID INP QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAMATERIALS AB Compensation for loss by introducing gain media in optical metamaterials was suggested by Ramakrishna and Pendry (Phys. Rev. B, 67, 201101, 2003). In this work, applying finite-difference-time-domain simulations, we analyzed an Au nanorod (AuNR) structure, as well as fishnet nanostructures with varying positioning of the gain medium. Transmittance, reflection and absorption spectra for an AuNR nanostructure incorporating InP quantum dots (QDs) and of a fishnet nanostructure incorporating InAs QDs have shown that despite limitations, results are encouraging in increasing the transmittance upon gain medium incorporation in the passive regime. C1 [Duan, Jinsong] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Duan, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8914-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8271 AR 82710V DI 10.1117/12.908842 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BZR78 UT WOS:000302639200015 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Wellems, LD AF Huang, Danhong Wellems, L. David BE Hanssen, LM TI Surface-Plasmon Mediated Near-Field Light Diffraction SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface plasmon; near field; light diffraction ID LAMELLAR METALLIC GRATINGS; FILM; ARRAY AB The electromagnetic response of an arbitrary array of multiple slits perforated on a metallic film and filled with different slit dielectric materials is studied in an analytical way. As a specific example, we consider a triple-slit structure perforated on a gold film, where the middle slit is used for the surface-plasmon excitation by a narrow Gaussian beam while the other two side slits are used for the detection of a transmitted surface-plasmon wave propagated from the middle opaque slit either at a particular wavelength or at double that wavelength, respectively. For this particular structure, we show that only one of the two side observation slits can be in a passing state for a particular wavelength, but the other blocked slit will change to a passing state at double that wavelength with a specific design for the slit depth, silt dielectric and inter-slit distance in the deep sub-wavelength regime. In this sense, we create a surface-plasmon mediated light diffraction in the near-filed regime. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Wellems, L. David] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950H DI 10.1117/12.927772 PG 15 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500013 ER PT B AU Klinect, J Overton, JW Sumwalt, RL Tesmer, BA AF Klinect, James Overton, John W., Jr. Sumwalt, Robert L. Tesmer, Bruce A. BE Overton, JW Frazer, E TI A Tribute to Robert L. Helmreich, Ph.D. SO SAFETY AND QUALITY IN MEDICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: CREATING AN EFFECTIVE CULTURE LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter C1 [Tesmer, Bruce A.] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-3541-9; 978-1-4094-3540-2 PY 2012 BP XXI EP XXI PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC4TY UT WOS:000352971100002 ER PT B AU Tesmer, BA AF Tesmer, Bruce A. BE Overton, JW Frazer, E TI Operations Safety: Developing, Executing and Upgrading the Operations Plan SO SAFETY AND QUALITY IN MEDICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: CREATING AN EFFECTIVE CULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tesmer, BA (reprint author), US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-3541-9; 978-1-4094-3540-2 PY 2012 BP 127 EP 158 PG 32 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC4TY UT WOS:000352971100015 ER PT S AU Murray, W AF Murray, Williamson BE OConnell, ME TI History and War: The Grim Record of the Past SO WHAT IS WAR?: AN INVESTIGATION IN THE WAKE OF 9/11 SE International Humanitarian Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Murray, Williamson] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murray, Williamson] Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Murray, Williamson] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Murray, Williamson] Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Murray, Williamson] Marine Corps Univ, Quantico, VA USA. [Murray, Williamson] Smithsonians Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Murray, W (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARTINUS NIJHOFF PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 163, AD-3300 DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-6776 BN 978-90-47-42581-6; 978-90-04-17234-0 J9 INT HUMANIT LAW PY 2012 VL 37 BP 183 EP 193 D2 10.1163/9789047425816 PG 11 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BA6KZ UT WOS:000337173100014 ER PT J AU Przybyla, CP McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, C. P. McDowell, D. L. TI Microstructure-sensitive extreme-value probabilities of high-cycle fatigue for surface vs. subsurface crack formation in duplex Ti-6Al-4V SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE High-cycle fatigue; Extreme value statistics; Ti-6Al-4V; Crystal plasticity; Texture ID TITANIUM-ALLOY; INCLUSIONS; NUCLEATION; STEELS; DEFORMATION; STATISTICS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; MODEL; SLIP AB The distributions of the extreme-value driving force(s) for surface vs. subsurface fatigue crack formation (nucleation and early growth) in high-cycle fatigue are evaluated for a microstructure variant of duplex Ti-6Al-4V. In polycrystalline metals, previous work has explored estimation of the driving force(s) for fatigue crack formation at the scale of the grains by computing non-local fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) based on the cyclic plastic strain averaged over domains on the length scale of the grains. Instantiated statistical volume elements (SVEs), which sample the distributed microstructure attributes of interest for a given material system, can be simulated via the finite element method with embedded polycrystalline plasticity models to estimate the distributed plasticity and resulting FIPs. This strategy of simulating multiple SVEs is in contrast to the simulation of a single representative volume element which is typically untenably large for extreme-value distributions of microstructure attributes or response variables. In this work, multiple SVEs are instantiated with both traction-free (i.e. surface) boundary conditions and fully periodic (i.e. subsurface) boundary conditions. In addition to estimating the extreme-value distributions of the FIPs, newly introduced extreme-value marked correlation functions are applied to characterize the coupled crystallographic microstructure attributes (e.g. grain size, grain orientation, grain misorientation) that most influence the extreme-value distributions of the FIPs. It is shown that there is overlap in the distributions of the driving forces for surface vs. subsurface crack formation in the low to moderate range of failure probability based on FIPs; however, at higher failure probability levels, the driving forces are highest for surface crack formation. The overlap in the distributions of the driving forces for fatigue crack formation in the low to moderate probability range may assist in describing the competing surface vs. subsurface failure modes that are observed experimentally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Przybyla, C. P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Przybyla, CP (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM craig.przybyla@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.09.03 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 858SF UT WOS:000297822300029 ER PT J AU Casazza, PG Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Casazza, Peter G. Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. TI Auto-tuning unit norm frames SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Frames; Finite; Tight; Unit norm; Frame potential; Gradient descent ID TIGHT FRAMES; ERASURES; ALGORITHMS; EXPANSIONS; ADVENT; BASES; LIFE AB Finite unit norm tight frames provide Parseval-like decompositions of vectors in terms of redundant components of equal weight. They are known to be robust against additive noise and erasures, and as such, have great potential as encoding schemes. Unfortunately, up to this point, these frames have proven notoriously difficult to construct. Indeed, though the set of all unit norm tight frames, modulo rotations, is known to contain manifolds of nontrivial dimension, we have but a small finite number of known constructions of such frames. In this paper, we present a new iterative algorithm gradient descent of the frame potential for increasing the degree of tightness of any finite unit norm frame. The algorithm itself is easy to implement, and it preserves certain group structures present in the initial frame. In the special case where the number of frame elements is relatively prime to the dimension of the underlying space, we show that this algorithm converges to a unit norm tight frame at a linear rate, provided the initial unit norm frame is already sufficiently close to being tight. By slightly modifying this approach, we get a similar, but weaker, result in the non-relatively-prime case, providing an explicit answer to the Paulsen problem: "How close is a frame which is almost tight and almost unit norm to some unit norm tight frame?" Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Casazza, Peter G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NSF [DMS 1042701, DMS 0704216, 1008183, CCF 1017278]; AFOSR [F1ATA00183G003, F1ATA00083G004, F1ATA0035J001]; A.B. Krongard Fellowship FX The authors thank Bernhard G. Bodmann and the three anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions. Casazza and Fickus were jointly supported by NSF DMS 1042701 and AFOSR F1ATA00183G003. Casazza received additional support from NSF DMS 0704216 and 1008183. Fickus received additional support from NSF CCF 1017278 as well as AFOSR F1ATA00083G004 and F1ATA0035J001. Mixon was supported by the A.B. Krongard Fellowship. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2011.02.005 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 855LF UT WOS:000297565200001 ER PT J AU Murphy, MR AF Murphy, Michael R. TI Introducing Dr. Shoogo Ueno, honored recipient of the 12th d'Arsonval medal conferred by the bioelectromagnetics society, 2010 SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murphy, MR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd,Bldg 3, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM murphym45@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1002/bem.20701 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 855FU UT WOS:000297550000001 ER PT J AU Zheng, YR Shao, T Blasch, E AF Zheng, Yahong Rosa Shao, Tiange Blasch, Erik TI A fast-converging space-time adaptive processing algorithm for non-Gaussian clutter suppression SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Space-time adaptive processing (STAP); Adaptive filtering; Beamforming; Convergence; Normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm; Normalized fractional lower order moment (NFLOM) algorithm; Compound K distribution; Clutter suppression AB The normalized fractionally-lower order moment (NFLOM) algorithm differs from the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm in that it minimizes the lower order moment (p < 2) of the error rather than the variance (p = 2). This paper first evaluates the performances of the NFLOM for space-time adaptive processing in heavy-tailed compound K clutters in terms of the excess mean square error (MSE), misalignment, beampatterns, and output signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR). The results show that the MSE curve of a small-order NFLOM exhibits faster convergence but higher steady-state error than a large-order NFLOM. Second, this paper proposes a new variable-order FLOM algorithm to dynamically change the order during adaptation, thus achieving both fast initial convergence and low steady-state error. The new algorithm is applied to STAP for Gaussian and non-Gaussian clutter suppression. The simulation results show that it achieves the best compromise between fast convergence and low steady-state error in both types of clutters. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Shao, Tiange] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept ECE, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zheng, YR (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept ECE, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM zhengyr@mst.edu; ts4g2@mst.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0336] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-07-1-0336. The authors wish to thank Drs. Jon A. Sjogren, Genshe Chen, and Robert S. Lynch for their technical inputs and suggestions on the work. The authors also wish to thank Drs. Maria Greco and Muralidhar Rangaswamy for providing help on Radar data statistics. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 74 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2010.11.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 856SH UT WOS:000297663200007 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Blasch, E Xue, ZY Zhao, JY Laganiere, R Wu, W AF Liu, Zheng Blasch, Erik Xue, Zhiyun Zhao, Jiying Laganiere, Robert Wu, Wei TI Objective Assessment of Multiresolution Image Fusion Algorithms for Context Enhancement in Night Vision: A Comparative Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Night vision; context enhancement; pixel-level image fusion; multiresolution analysis; objective fusion assessment; performance metric; image quality ID INFORMATION MEASURE; MUTUAL INFORMATION; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; ENTROPY AB Comparison of image processing techniques is critically important in deciding which algorithm, method, or metric to use for enhanced image assessment. Image fusion is a popular choice for various image enhancement applications such as overlay of two image products, refinement of image resolutions for alignment, and image combination for feature extraction and target recognition. Since image fusion is used in many geospatial and night vision applications, it is important to understand these techniques and provide a comparative study of the methods. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study on 12 selected image fusion metrics over six multiresolution image fusion algorithms for two different fusion schemes and input images with distortion. The analysis can be applied to different image combination algorithms, image processing methods, and over a different choice of metrics that are of use to an image processing expert. The paper relates the results to an image quality measurement based on power spectrum and correlation analysis and serves as a summary of many contemporary techniques for objective assessment of image fusion algorithms. C1 [Liu, Zheng; Zhao, Jiying; Laganiere, Robert] Univ Ottawa, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Liu, Zheng] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab AFRL, AFRL RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xue, Zhiyun] NIH, Natl Lib Med, Commun Engn Branch, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Wu, Wei] Sichuan Univ, Coll Elect & Informat Engn, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, 800 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM zheng.liu@ieee.org; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; xuez@mail.nih.gov; jyzhao@site.uottawa.ca; laganier@site.uottawa.ca; wuwei@scu.edu.cn RI Laganiere, Robert/H-9138-2013; OI Laganiere, Robert/0000-0001-9475-8151; Wu, Wei/0000-0001-5769-9340 NR 42 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 42 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 94 EP 109 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2011.109 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 848RB UT WOS:000297069900007 PM 21576753 ER PT J AU Cohen, K Siegel, S Seidel, J Aradag, S McLaughlin, T AF Cohen, Kelly Siegel, Stefan Seidel, Juergen Aradag, Selin McLaughlin, Thomas TI Nonlinear estimation of transient flow field low dimensional states using artificial neural nets SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Turbulent cylinder wake; ANNE; Low dimensional modeling; DPOD; Flow control ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER WAKE; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; DYNAMICS AB Feedback flow control of the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 is an interesting and challenging benchmark for controlling absolute instabilities associated with bluff body wakes. A two dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to develop low-dimensional models for estimator design. Actuation is implemented as displacement of the cylinder normal to the flow. The estimation approach uses a low dimensional model based on a truncated 6 mode Double Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (DPOD) applied to the streamwise velocity component of the flow field. Sensor placement is based on the intensity of the resulting spatial modes. A non-linear Artificial Neural Network Estimator (ANNE) was employed to map the velocity data to the mode amplitudes of the DPOD model. For a given four sensor configuration, developed using a previously validated strategy, ANNE performed better than two state-of-the-art approaches, namely, a Quadratic Stochastic Estimator (QSE) and a Linear Stochastic Estimator with time delays (DSE). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aradag, Selin] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Cohen, Kelly] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Siegel, Stefan; Seidel, Juergen; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Aradag, S (reprint author), TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM selinaradag@gmail.com OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465; Aradag, Selin/0000-0002-2034-0008 FU AFOSR; AFRL FX The authors thank Lt. Col. Scott Wells, Lt. Col. Sharon Heise (AFOSR), and Dr. James Myatt (AFRL) for their support and assistance. The authors acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Jim Forsythe of Cobalt Solutions, LLC and Dr. Young Sug-Shin of Agency for Defense Development (ADD), South Korea. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4174 J9 EXPERT SYST APPL JI Expert Syst. Appl. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1264 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.eswa.2011.07.135 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 837PE UT WOS:000296214900132 ER PT J AU Moore, EA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY AF Moore, E. A. Yeo, Y. K. Ryu, Mee-Yi TI Ion dose and anneal temperature dependent studies of silicon implanted AlxGa1-xN SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; Implantation; Activation; Hall-effect measurement; Photoluminescence ID NONALLOYED OHMIC CONTACTS; ATOMIC-LAYER EPITAXY; ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; SI; AL0.18GA0.82N; EFFICIENCY AB Electrical and optical activation studies of AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.11 and 0.21) implanted with silicon were made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 1 s 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The implanted samples were subsequently annealed from 1100 to 1300 degrees C for 20 min in a nitrogen environment. A maximum electrical activation efficiency of 91% was obtained for the Al0.11Ga0.89N implanted with the highest dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) even after annealing at 1150 degrees C. 100% activation efficiencies were successfully obtained for the Al0.21Ga0.79N samples after annealing at 1300 degrees C for both doses of 5 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2). The mobility of the Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN increases with annealing temperature, and the highest mobilities are 109 and 98 cm(2)/V.s for Al0.11Ga0.89N and Al0.21Ga0.79N, respectively. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra for all the samples exhibited a sharp neutral-donor-bound exciton peak, and the CL intensity increases with annealing temperature, indicating successive improved implantation damage recovery as the annealing temperature is increased. These results provide the optimum annealing conditions for activation of implanted Si ions in AlxGa1-xN (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. [Moore, E. A.; Yeo, Y. K.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-314-D00249]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0073699] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. This work was supported in part by a Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund, KRF-2008-314-D00249), and in part by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0073699). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2011.05.007 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 841PV UT WOS:000296525700023 ER PT J AU Hill, RR Cho, YK Moore, JT AF Hill, Raymond R. Cho, Yong Kun Moore, James T. TI Problem reduction heuristic for the 0-1 multidimensional knapsack problem SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Heuristic optimization; Design of algorithms; Multi-dimensional knapsack problem; Core problem ID PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; ALGORITHM AB This paper introduces new problem-size reduction heuristics for the multidimensional knapsack problem. These heuristics are based on solving a relaxed version of the problem, using the dual variables to formulate a Lagrangian relaxation of the original problem, and then solving an estimated core problem to achieve a heuristic solution to the original problem. We demonstrate the performance of these heuristics as compared to legacy heuristics and two other problem reduction heuristics for the multi-dimensional knapsack problem. We discuss problems with existing test problems and discuss the use of an improved test problem generation approach. We use a competitive test to highlight the performance of our heuristics versus the legacy heuristic approaches. We also introduce the concept of computational versus competitive problem test data sets as a means to focus the empirical analysis of heuristic performance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hill, Raymond R.; Moore, James T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cho, Yong Kun] Minist Natl Def, Seoul, South Korea. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rayrhill@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FIATA04336J001, FA9550-04-1-0163] FX Yung Kun Cho and James T. Moore were partially supported by an Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant FIATA04336J001. Raymond R. Hill was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant FA9550-04-1-0163. The test problems generated in this work can be obtained from the first author. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2010.06.009 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 825VP UT WOS:000295310500004 ER PT J AU Lu, G Li, WH Raeder, J Deng, Y Rich, F Ober, D Zhang, YL Paxton, L Ruohoniemi, JM Hairston, M Newell, P AF Lu, G. Li, W. H. Raeder, J. Deng, Y. Rich, F. Ober, D. Zhang, Y. L. Paxton, L. Ruohoniemi, J. M. Hairston, M. Newell, P. TI Reversed two-cell convection in the Northern and Southern hemispheres during northward interplanetary magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; STRONGLY NORTHWARD; CURRENT SYSTEM; MODEL; RECONNECTION; SATURATION; CUSP; IMF AB This article presents a case study of large-scale ionospheric convection in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres under strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions on 9 November 2004. Using a comprehensive data set from both ground-and space-based instruments, the study shows the formation of reversed two-cell convection in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres that lasted for nearly 2 hours. Examination of the concurrent satellite energy-time spectrograms of precipitating particles reveals that reverse convection occurs in the region filled mostly with the boundary plasma sheet (BPS) type precipitating electrons except that the electron number flux is much smaller than that in the normal BPS. We have named this region the northward B(z) boundary layer (NBZBL), which we interpret as a consequence of double-lobe reconnection. This interpretation is corroborated by the global MHD simulations, which show that the NBZBL consists of mostly closed field lines, resulting from double-lobe reconnection in both the hemispheres, together with intermittent presence of overdraped open field lines, resulting from single-lobe reconnection in one of the hemispheres. In addition to reversed two-cell convection, the distribution of field-aligned currents (FACs) shows clearly the presence of a pair of the northward B(z) (NBZ) currents near the central polar region in both the hemispheres. Intense downward Poynting flux with a peak value around 100 mW/m(2) is also seen in the high-latitude polar region, which tends to surround the upward leg of the NBZ currents. Finally, the potential drop between the two reverse-convection cells exceeds 100 kV, which is far larger than the values reported in any previous studies of reverse convection under northward IMF conditions. The unusually large reverse potential drop in this case is attributed in part to the strong NBZ component of 35-40 nT and in part to the unusually large solar wind dynamic pressure that is about five times its nominal value. C1 [Lu, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Li, W. H.; Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Deng, Y.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Rich, F.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Rich, F.; Ober, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Zhang, Y. L.; Paxton, L.; Newell, P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ruohoniemi, J. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hairston, M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75080 USA. RP Lu, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, 3080 Ctr Green, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM ganglu@ucar.edu RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016; OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCI-0749125, ATM-0639658, ATM0955629]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AL07G, NNH09AK621] FX We wish to acknowledge the International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network for the INTERMAGNET magnetometer network, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska for the Alaska magnetometer stations, the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory of the Nagoya University for the 210 magnetic meridian chain, the Finnish Meteorological Institute for the IMAGE chain, the Canadian Space Agency for CARISMA magnetometer network, and the Space Plasma Environment and Radio Science (SPEARS) in the Department of Communication Systems at the Lancaster University for the SAMNET magnetometer chain, and the Danish Meteorological Institute for the Greenland magnetometer stations. J. Posch at Augsburg College and O. Troshichev at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in Russia provided additional ground magnetometer data used in this study. We also acknowledge the CEDAR data based at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for providing the F10.7 and auroral hemispheric power indices used in this study. The ACE solar wind and IMF key parameters were obtained from the NASA CDAW website. The DMSP particle detectors were designed by Dave Hardy of Air Force Research Laboratory, and data were obtained from JHU/APL. The research at UNH was supported by grants OCI-0749125 and ATM-0639658 from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and by grant NNX10AL07G from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Work at UTA was supported by NSF grant ATM0955629. Work at HAO/NCAR was supported in part by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program under grant NNH09AK621. NCAR is sponsored by the NSF. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12237 DI 10.1029/2011JA017043 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 871UC UT WOS:000298762200005 ER PT J AU Shim, JS Kuznetsova, M Rastatter, L Hesse, M Bilitza, D Butala, M Codrescu, M Emery, B Foster, B Fuller-Rowell, T Huba, J Mannucci, AJ Pi, X Ridley, A Scherliess, L Schunk, RW Stephens, P Thompson, DC Zhu, L Anderson, D Chau, JL Sojka, JJ Rideout, B AF Shim, J. S. Kuznetsova, M. Rastaetter, L. Hesse, M. Bilitza, D. Butala, M. Codrescu, M. Emery, B. Foster, B. Fuller-Rowell, T. Huba, J. Mannucci, A. J. Pi, X. Ridley, A. Scherliess, L. Schunk, R. W. Stephens, P. Thompson, D. C. Zhu, L. Anderson, D. Chau, J. L. Sojka, J. J. Rideout, B. TI CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: NmF2, hmF2, and vertical drift using ground-based observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; PHYSICAL MODELS; ART.; SATELLITE; MIDDLE; RADAR; VELOCITIES AB Objective quantification of model performance based on metrics helps us evaluate the current state of space physics modeling capability, address differences among various modeling approaches, and track model improvements over time. The Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge was initiated in 2009 to assess accuracy of various ionosphere/thermosphere models in reproducing ionosphere and thermosphere parameters. A total of nine events and five physical parameters were selected to compare between model outputs and observations. The nine events included two strong and one moderate geomagnetic storm events from GEM Challenge events and three moderate storms and three quiet periods from the first half of the International Polar Year (IPY) campaign, which lasted for 2 years, from March 2007 to March 2009. The five physical parameters selected were NmF2 and hmF2 from ISRs and LEO satellites such as CHAMP and COSMIC, vertical drifts at Jicamarca, and electron and neutral densities along the track of the CHAMP satellite. For this study, four different metrics and up to 10 models were used. In this paper, we focus on preliminary results of the study using ground-based measurements, which include NmF2 and hmF2 from Incoherent Scatter Radars (ISRs), and vertical drifts at Jicamarca. The results show that the model performance strongly depends on the type of metrics used, and thus no model is ranked top for all used metrics. The analysis further indicates that performance of the model also varies with latitude and geomagnetic activity level. C1 [Shim, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Butala, M.; Mannucci, A. J.; Pi, X.; Stephens, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Codrescu, M.; Fuller-Rowell, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chau, J. L.] Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observat Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. [Emery, B.; Foster, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rideout, B.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scherliess, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Zhu, L.; Sojka, J. J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thompson, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Anderson, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shim, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 21,251,Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jasoon.shim@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012; Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through Cornell University [0905448]; NSF FX The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from National Science Foundation (NSF) award AGS-0905448 through Cornell University. The Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar is supported by the NSF. This study made use of the CEDAR Data Base at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the NSF. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S12003 DI 10.1029/2011SW000727 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871TH UT WOS:000298760100002 ER PT J AU Le, G Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Freudenreich, H Maus, S Luhr, H AF Le, Guan Burke, William J. Pfaff, Robert F. Freudenreich, Henry Maus, Stefan Luehr, Hermann TI C/NOFS measurements of magnetic perturbations in the low-latitude ionosphere during magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME MAGNETOSPHERIC CURRENTS; RING CURRENT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; TAIL CURRENT; FIELD; DST; EARTH; DISTURBANCE AB The Vector Electric Field Investigation suite on the C/NOFS satellite includes a fluxgate magnetometer to monitor the Earth's magnetic fields in the low-latitude ionosphere. Measurements yield full magnetic vectors every second over the range of +/- 45,000 nT with a one-bit resolution of 1.37 nT ( 16 bit A/D) in each component. The sensor's primary responsibility is to support calculations of both V x B and E x B with greater accuracy than can be obtained using standard magnetic field models. The data also contain information about large-scale current systems that, when analyzed in conjunction with electric field measurements, promise to significantly expand understanding of equatorial electrodynamics. We first compare in situ measurements with the POMME (Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth) model to establish in-flight sensor "calibrations" and to compute magnetic residuals. At low latitudes the residuals are predominately products of the storm time ring current. Since C/NOFS provides a complete coverage of all local times every 97 min, magnetic field data allow studies of the temporal evolution and local time variations of storm time ring current. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using instrumented spacecraft in low-inclination orbits to extract a timely proxy for the provisional Dst index and to specify the ring current's evolution. C1 [Le, Guan; Pfaff, Robert F.; Freudenreich, Henry] NASA, Space Weather Lab, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Burke, William J.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, William J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Luehr, Hermann] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Space Weather Lab, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We thank Kenneth Bromund, Steve Martin, and Carmen Liebrecht for assistance in processing the C/NOFS magnetometer data. We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism at Kyoto University for providing Dst indices. The OMNI data are obtained from the OMNIWeb at National Space Science Data Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. GSFC authors received support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) to carry out this research. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12230 DI 10.1029/2011JA017026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 871TT UT WOS:000298761300006 ER PT J AU Gengler, JJ Hu, JJ Jones, JG Voevodin, AA Steidl, P Vlcek, J AF Gengler, Jamie J. Hu, Jianjun Jones, John G. Voevodin, Andrey A. Steidl, Petr Vlcek, Jaroslav TI Thermal conductivity of high-temperature Si-B-C-N thin films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal barrier coatings; Time-domain thermoreflectance; Reactive magnetron sputtering; X-ray diffraction ID TIME-DOMAIN THERMOREFLECTANCE; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HEAT-TRANSPORT; AB-INITIO; STABILITY; COATINGS AB In this study, thermal transport was investigated for ceramic films with different silicon, boron, carbon, and nitrogen (Si-B-C-N) compositions. In order to investigate the effect of morphology on thermal barrier properties, the microstructure of these materials was varied from amorphous to nanocrystalline. Thermal conductivity trends of several ceramic thin films were characterized with a time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) technique. Samples containing two different Si-B-C-N chemical compositions were created by reactive magnetron sputtering and then subjected to annealing at temperatures up to 1400 degrees C. The room temperature thermal conductivity of the samples prepared via a 50% Ar/50% N(2) gas mixture remained constant near 1.3 W m(-1) K(-1), while samples prepared via a 75% Ar/25% N(2) gas mixture exhibited an increase in the thermal conductivity of 2.2 W m(-1) K(-1) (or higher). X-ray diffraction data demonstrated that the former samples were amorphous, while the latter samples formed silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) crystals. The experiments reveal which Si-B-C-N film composition remains stable in the amorphous state at high temperatures, thereby retaining lower thermal transport properties. These material aspects are ideal for thermal barrier applications such as non-oxide based ceramic coatings for high-temperature protective systems of aircrafts, as well as surfaces of cutting tools and optical devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gengler, Jamie J.; Hu, Jianjun; Jones, John G.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Steidl, Petr; Vlcek, Jaroslav] Univ W Bohemia, Dept Phys, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic. RP Gengler, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.gengler.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Vlcek, Jaroslav/B-9259-2016 OI Vlcek, Jaroslav/0000-0003-2627-2074 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-D-5800]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 4977751302]; COST [OC10045] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract No. FA8650-D-5800 and by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic under projects Nos. MSM 4977751302 and COST OC10045. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 25 PY 2011 VL 206 IS 7 BP 2030 EP 2033 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.058 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 871BB UT WOS:000298711500079 ER PT J AU Xu, J Sahu, S Cao, L Anilkumar, P Tackett, KN Qian, HJ Bunker, CE Guliants, EA Parenzan, A Sun, YP AF Xu, Juan Sahu, Sushant Cao, Li Anilkumar, Parambath Tackett, Kenneth N., II Qian, Haijun Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. Parenzan, Alexander Sun, Ya-Ping TI Carbon Nanoparticles as Chromophores for Photon Harvesting and Photoconversion SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE carbon nanoparticles; chromophores; core-shell nanostructures; photon harvesting; redox chemistry ID OPTICAL LIMITING PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION; NANOTUBES; DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; DNA; PARTICLES; RESONANCE AB Carbon nanomaterials have generated a tremendous amount of attention in the scientific community. While most of the research and development efforts have been on fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets, carbon nanoparticles (which are often considered as impurities or unwanted complications in the other carbon nanomaterials) have recently emerged as a unique class of highly fluorescent nano-dots. However, little or no attention has been paid to potential uses of carbon nanoparticles as chromophores in photochemical reactions or for photon harvesting and photoconversion in general. In the study reported herein we demonstrate the chromophore-equivalent functions of aqueous-suspended small carbon nanoparticles in harvesting visible photons for the reductive coating of the nanoparticles with silver and gold and, as a result, the preparation of unique carbonnoble-metal coreshell nanostructures. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xu, Juan; Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Anilkumar, Parambath; Tackett, Kenneth N., II; Qian, Haijun; Parenzan, Alexander; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Xu, Juan; Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Anilkumar, Parambath; Tackett, Kenneth N., II; Qian, Haijun; Parenzan, Alexander; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM syaping@clemson.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF; ACS-PRF; National Science Foundation of China [21003015]; Abroad Scholarship of Jiangsu Province; Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship; Clemson University Electron Microscope Facility FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program. Additional supports from NSF (Y.-P.S.) and ACS-PRF (Y.-P.S.) are also acknowledged. J.X. was on leave from Changzhou University in Changzhou (China) with a visiting scholarship provided by the National Science Foundation of China (21003015) and the Abroad Scholarship of Jiangsu Province. L. C. was supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship. H. Q. was affiliated with and supported by Clemson University Electron Microscope Facility. A. P. was a participant in the Palmetto Academy, an education-training program managed by South Carolina Space Grant Consortium. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 12 IS 18 BP 3604 EP 3608 DI 10.1002/cphc.201100640 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 866BP UT WOS:000298354900019 PM 21997901 ER PT J AU Bristow, WA Spaleta, J Parris, RT AF Bristow, W. A. Spaleta, J. Parris, R. T. TI First observations of ionospheric irregularities and flows over the south geomagnetic pole from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar at McMurdo Station, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; CAP; CONVECTION; POTENTIALS; DIRECTION; MODEL AB Observations from the first 100 days of operation of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar at McMurdo Station, Antarctica are presented. The observations are examined for incidence of ionospheric scatter, which is higher than has been found at the auroral zone radars of the SuperDARN network. During some hours of each day, the probability of observing ionospheric scatter exceeded 90%. In the later portion of the period examined, there was a period of time each day during which the scatter incidence dropped significantly. Incidence was as examined versus solar illumination of the ionosphere, and it was found that the decreases coincided with periods when the ionosphere was in darkness. From this, it is concluded that propagation effects were the reason for the decreases. Plasma velocity observations from the period are also presented and compared with the prevailing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The observations were averaged over the central polar cap (Lambda > 85 degrees) and were selected for intervals when the radar line of sight was nearly parallel to the Earth-Sun (E-S) line or perpendicular (E-S-perp) to it. A linear relationship was found between the IMF z component and the E-S velocity and similar relationship between the E-S-perp velocity and the IMF y component. There was a significant spread of velocities about the best fit lines. The IMF and average velocity time series were cross-correlated for a number of intervals, and it was found that the average correlation was about 50%, though during some intervals, the correlation exceeds 80%. No explanation is given for the variance of the correlation. C1 [Bristow, W. A.; Spaleta, J.; Parris, R. T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Parris, R. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bristow, WA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bill.bristow@gi.alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [ANT-0944270] FX This work was supported by grant ANT-0944270 from the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs. The OMNI data were obtained from the OMNIWeb interface at NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12325 DI 10.1029/2011JA016834 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 868SW UT WOS:000298546700001 ER PT J AU Taylor, DE Runge, K Cory, MG Burns, DS Vasey, JL Hearn, JD Henley, MV AF Taylor, DeCarlos E. Runge, Keith Cory, Marshall G. Burns, Douglas S. Vasey, Joseph L. Hearn, John D. Henley, Michael V. TI Binding of Small Molecules to a Silica Surface: Comparing Experimental and Theoretical Results SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; ISOLATED HYDROXYL; PERIODIC MODEL; ADSORPTION; B3-LYP; WATER; NH3 AB A multiscale method for systematically generating predictive models for probe - surface interactions and its independent experimental verification is described. The interaction of three probe molecules (H2O, NH3, and NO) with silica was studied using experiment, theoretical quantum chemistry, and molecular dynamics calculations. Quantum chemical (QC) methods were used to compute binding enthalpies and vibrational (infrared, IR) spectra of molecule surface pairs for three unique surface silanol sites. The probe-surface IR spectral shifts induced by the interaction of the probe molecules with the surface silanol sites were also computed and compared to experiment. The computed IR results are comparable to those of experiment and (a) verified that the surface that has been created using simulation is indeed similar to the experimental surface and (b) shed insight into the underlying physical process leading to the observed shifts. The theoretically determined enthalpies of adsorption (Delta H-ads) compared well with experiment falling within the uncertainty of those measured using inverse gas chromatography. For water, Delta H-ads,(350K) = -13.5 kcal/mol (calculated) versus -13.6 +/- 2.8 kcal/mol (experimental, 330 K < T-expt < 370K). For ammonia, Delta H-ads,H-353K = -15.2 kcal/mol (calculated) versus 12.7 +/- 2.9 kcal/mol (experimental, 323 K < T-expt < 383K). Finally, for nitric oxide, Delta H-ads,H-253K = -4.23 kcal/mol (calculated) versus 4.03 +/- 0.35 kcal/mol (experimental, 243 K < T-xpt < 263 K). C1 [Runge, Keith] BWD Associates LLC, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Cory, Marshall G.; Burns, Douglas S.; Vasey, Joseph L.] ENSCO Inc, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. [Hearn, John D.; Henley, Michael V.] US AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Taylor, DeCarlos E.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate RDRL WMB D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Runge, K (reprint author), BWD Associates LLC, 2901 NW 54th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM krunge@bellsouth.net FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-07-C-0095] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (contract #: HDTRA1-07-C-0095). While this research has been funded by the agency, the results and content of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the funding agency. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 50 BP 24734 EP 24742 DI 10.1021/jp205479v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 860KR UT WOS:000297947700039 ER PT J AU Ramirez, SM Diaz, YJ Campos, R Stone, RL Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Ramirez, Sean M. Diaz, Yvonne J. Campos, Raymond Stone, Rebecca L. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Incompletely Condensed Fluoroalkyl Silsesquioxanes and Derivatives: Precursors for Low Surface Energy Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOSILSESQUIOXANES; MEDIATED CLEAVAGE; SILICA SURFACES; FRAMEWORK; POLYMERS; COMPLEX; ROUTE; POSS; METATHESIS; CHEMISTRY AB A novel synthetic method was developed for the controlled functionalization of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS), which are useful as low surface energy materials for superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials. Utilizing triflic acid, open-cage compounds were created and then reacted with a variety of dichlorosilanes to produce functional F-PUSS structures possessing alkyl-, aryl-, and acrylate-based moieties. The crystal structure for an endo,endo-disilanol F-POSS compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical structures were confirmed using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (H-1, C-13, F-19, and Si-29), FT-IR, and combustion analysis. Dynamic contact angle measurements of these compounds were taken with water and hexadecane. These novel structures were found to possess excellent wetting-resistant behavior, similar to that of the parent F-POSS compound. They are the first well-defined fluorinated nano-building blocks with a controlled level of reactive functionality for the development of new superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials. C1 [Diaz, Yvonne J.; Stone, Rebecca L.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Ramirez, Sean M.; Campos, Raymond; Haddad, Timothy S.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Mabry, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate for financial support. We thank Peter Muller at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the American Crystallography Association summer course for their assistance with X-ray crystal structure determination and refinement. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 50 BP 20084 EP 20087 DI 10.1021/ja208506v PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 871BW UT WOS:000298713600016 PM 22091959 ER PT J AU Balasubramaniam, KS Pevtsov, AA Cliver, EW Martin, SF Panasenco, O AF Balasubramaniam, K. S. Pevtsov, A. A. Cliver, E. W. Martin, S. F. Panasenco, O. TI THE DISAPPEARING SOLAR FILAMENT OF 2003 JUNE 11: A THREE-BODY PROBLEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; EMERGING FLUX; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SLOW-RISE; HELICITY; REGIONS; ONSET; PHASE; ROPE AB The eruption of a large quiescent filament on 2003 June 11 was preceded by the birth of a nearby active region-a common scenario. In this case, however, the filament lay near a pre-existing active region and the new active region did not destabilize the filament by direct magnetic connection. Instead it appears to have done so indirectly via magnetic coupling with the established region. Restructuring between the perturbed fields of the old region and the filament then weakened the arcade overlying the midpoint of filament, where the eruption originated. The inferred rate (similar to 11 degrees day(-1)) at which the magnetic disturbance propagates from the mature region to destabilize the filament is larger than the mean speed (similar to 5 degrees-6 degrees day(-1)) but still within the scatter obtained for Bruzek's empirical relationship between the distance from a newly formed active region to a quiescent filament and the time from active region appearance to filament disappearance. The higher propagation speed in the 2003 June 11 case may be due to the "broadside" (versus "end-on") angle of attack of the (effective) new flux to the coronal magnetic fields overlying a central section of the axis of the filament. C1 [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pevtsov, A. A.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Martin, S. F.; Panasenco, O.] Helio Res, La Crescenta, CA 91214 USA. RP Balasubramaniam, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933; Pevtsov, Alexei/0000-0003-0489-0920 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2301RDA1]; NSF [0852249] FX We thank the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for funding this effort through Task 2301RDA1. O.P. and S. M. acknowledge support by NSF Grant 0852249. ISOON is operated at the National Solar Observatory by the USAF. SOHO is a joint ESA and NASA Mission. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 743 IS 2 AR 202 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/202 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 863PO UT WOS:000298178400104 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW White, SM Balasubramaniam, KS AF Cliver, E. W. White, S. M. Balasubramaniam, K. S. TI THE SOLAR DECIMETRIC SPIKE BURST OF 2006 DECEMBER 6: POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR FIELD-ALIGNED POTENTIAL DROPS IN POST-ERUPTION LOOPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: radio radiation ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON MASER; POST-FLARE LOOPS; X-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TRACE OBSERVATIONS; CORONAL DIMMINGS; RADIO SPIKES; X1.5 FLARE; POLAR-CAP AB A 1.4 GHz solar radio burst associated with a 3B/X6 eruptive flare on 2006 December 6 had the highest peak flux density (similar to 10(6) sfu) of any event yet recorded at this frequency. The decimetric event characteristics during the brightest emission phase (numerous intense, short-lived, narrow-band bursts that overlapped to form a continuous spectrum) suggest electron cyclotron maser (ECM) emission. The peak 1.4 GHz emission did not occur during the flare impulsive phase but rather similar to 45 minutes later, in association with post-eruption loop activity seen in Ha and by the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer. During the Waves/LASCO era, three other delayed bursts with peak intensities >10(5) sfu in the 1.0-1.6 GHz (L-band) frequency range have been reported that appear to have characteristics similar to the December 6 burst. In each of these three cases, high-frequency type IV bursts were reported in a range from similar to 150 to similar to 1500 MHz. Assuming a common ECM emission mechanism across this frequency range implies a broad span of source heights in the associated post-eruption loop systems. Difficulties with an ECM interpretation for these events include the generation of the lower frequency component of the type IVs and the long-standing problem of escape of the ECM emission from the loops. Magnetic-field-aligned potential drops, analogous to those observed for Earth's auroral kilometric radiation, could plausibly remove both of these objections to ECM emission. C1 [Cliver, E. W.; White, S. M.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [White, S. M.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.] Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFRL Task [2301RDA1] FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFRL Task 2301RDA1. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 743 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/145 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 863PO UT WOS:000298178400047 ER PT J AU Ahmed, AE McClish, DK Schubert, CM AF Ahmed, Anwar E. McClish, Donna K. Schubert, Christine M. TI Accuracy and cost comparison in medical testing using sequential testing strategies SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE believe the extreme (BE); believe the positive (BP); believe the negative (BN); sequential testing; cost of testing; ROC AB The practice of sequential testing is followed by the evaluation of accuracy, but not by the evaluation of cost. This paper focuses on three logic rules for combining two sequences of tests: believe the positive (BP), which diagnoses disease if any of two tests is positive, believe the negative (BN), which diagnoses disease if any of two tests is negative, and believe the extreme (BE), which diagnoses disease if the first test is positive or, after a first inconclusive test, a second test is positive for disease. Comparisons of these strategies are provided in terms of accuracy using false positive rate, sensitivity pairs that make up the maximum receiver operating characteristic curve, and cost of testing, defined as the proportion of subjects needing two tests to diagnose disease. A method to incorporate the cost of testing into the definition of the optimal operating point is also presented. The performance of the testing strategies is examined with respect to the ratio of standard deviations and the correlation between test results under the bivariate normal assumptions. Under all parameter settings, the maximum receiver operating characteristic curve of the BE strategy never performed worse than the BN and BP strategies; the BE strategy also had the lowest cost. The use of body mass index and plasma glucose concentration to diagnose diabetes in Pima Indians was presented as a real-world application. The optimal operating points found by the BN and BE strategies produce lower false positive rate values than the BP strategy for these data. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McClish, Donna K.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Ahmed, Anwar E.] King Abdullah Int Med Res Ctr, Adv Analyt Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Schubert, Christine M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McClish, DK (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Med, Box 980032, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM mcclish@vcu.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 29 BP 3416 EP 3430 DI 10.1002/sim.4358 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 860YT UT WOS:000297985600004 PM 21976377 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Barnard, KJ Ordonez, R AF Hardie, Russell C. Barnard, Kenneth J. Ordonez, Raul TI Fast super-resolution with affine motion using an adaptive Wiener filter and its application to airborne imaging SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; FRAMES; ALGORITHM AB Fast nonuniform interpolation based super-resolution (SR) has traditionally been limited to applications with translational interframe motion. This is in part because such methods are based on an underlying assumption that the warping and blurring components in the observation model commute. For translational motion this is the case, but it is not true in general. This presents a problem for applications such as airborne imaging where translation may be insufficient. Here we present a new Fourier domain analysis to show that, for many image systems, an affine warping model with limited zoom and shear approximately commutes with the point spread function when diffraction effects are modeled. Based on this important result, we present a new fast adaptive Wiener filter (AWF) SR algorithm for non-translational motion and study its performance with affine motion. The fast AWF SR method employs a new smart observation window that allows us to precompute all the needed filter weights for any type of motion without sacrificing much of the full performance of the AWF. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using simulated data and real infrared airborne imagery that contains a thermal resolution target allowing for objective resolution analysis. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Hardie, Russell C.; Ordonez, Raul] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Barnard, Kenneth J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYMT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardie, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM rhardie@udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-06-D-1078-0004] FX The MWIR flight data have been collected under Air Force Research Laboratory contract number FA8650-06-D-1078-0004. The authors would like to thank Mark A. Bicknell for his support of the project and Dr. Frank O. Baxley for leading the flight data acquisition effort and providing the MWIR data used here. Engineers from General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems and the University of Dayton Research Institute, including Patrick C. Hytla, Joseph C. French, and Phil Detweiler, configured the MWIR system and NASA Glenn Research Center provided flight support. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 19 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 27 BP 26208 EP 26231 DI 10.1364/OE.19.026208 PG 24 WC Optics SC Optics GA 903WB UT WOS:000301151500037 PM 22274207 ER PT J AU Gibson, K Goodemote, P Johnson, S AF Gibson, Kacey Goodemote, Patricia Johnson, Stephen TI Antibody Testing for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; RHEUMATIC-DISEASES; REVISED CRITERIA; DIAGNOSIS; CLASSIFICATION; AUTOANTIBODIES C1 [Gibson, Kacey] Family Hlth Clin, Macdill AFB, FL USA. [Goodemote, Patricia] Eglin Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Johnson, Stephen] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Gibson, K (reprint author), Family Hlth Clin, Macdill AFB, FL USA. EM kacey.gibson@macdill.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1409 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 980AQ UT WOS:000306866400010 PM 22230277 ER PT J AU Check, MH Dudis, DS Ferguson, JB Gengler, JJ Seibel, HA Elliott, BC Votaw, ZS Voevodin, AA AF Check, Michael H. Dudis, Douglas S. Ferguson, John B. Gengler, Jamie J. Seibel, Harry A., II Elliott, Bevan C. Votaw, Zachary S. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Synthesis of zinc fulleride (ZnxC60) thin films with ultra-low thermal conductivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; C-60; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; BA6C60 AB The structure and physical properties of doped fullerene materials were investigated for their interesting thermal properties. The synthesis and thermal properties of ZnxC60 thin films are reported. Thin films of ZnxC60 were found to have an exceedingly low thermal conductivity of 0.13 Wm(-1) K-1. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested that a temperature of 357 degrees C is needed in order to fully intercalate the Zn with the C-60. Both charge transfer and covalent bonding (between Zn and C-60) should be considered when attempting to understand the Raman spectra observed. Moreover, the ZnxC60 thin films created represent an interesting class of materials that could find use in several thermal applications. Furthermore, in the present case, the exceptionally low thermal conductivity is accompanied by a substantial increase in the electrical conductivity, suggesting interesting thermal and electrical transport. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3671423] C1 [Check, Michael H.; Dudis, Douglas S.; Ferguson, John B.; Gengler, Jamie J.; Seibel, Harry A., II; Elliott, Bevan C.; Votaw, Zachary S.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Check, Michael H.; Seibel, Harry A., II] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Elliott, Bevan C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Votaw, Zachary S.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Dudis, DS (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM douglas.dudis@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Art Safriet of the Thermal Sciences and Materials branch of AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank John Bultman and Art Safriet of the Thermal Sciences and Materials branch of AFRL for their support and exceptionally productive collaboration. The authors would also like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for partial funding. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 12 AR 124320 DI 10.1063/1.3671423 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869ZV UT WOS:000298639800112 ER PT J AU Shahzad, M Medhi, G Peale, RE Buchwald, WR Cleary, JW Soref, R Boreman, GD Edwards, O AF Shahzad, Monas Medhi, Gautam Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter R. Cleary, Justin W. Soref, Richard Boreman, Glenn D. Edwards, Oliver TI Infrared surface plasmons on heavily doped silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; SILICIDES; GRATINGS; SENSORS; SI AB Conductors with infrared plasma frequencies are potentially useful hosts of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) with sub-wavelength mode confinement for sensing applications. A challenge is to identify such a conductor that also has sharp SPP excitation resonances and the capability to be functionalized for biosensor applications. In this paper we present experimental and theoretical investigations of IR SPPs on doped silicon and their excitation resonances on doped-silicon gratings. The measured complex permittivity spectra for p-type silicon with carrier concentration 6 x 10(19) and 1 x 10(20) cm(-3) show that these materials should support SPPs beyond 11 and 6 mu m wavelengths, respectively. The permittivity spectra were used to calculate SPP mode heights above the silicon surface and SPP propagation lengths. Reasonable merit criteria applied to these quantities suggest that only the heaviest doped material has sensor potential, and then mainly within the wavelength range 6 to 10 mu m. Photon-to-plasmon coupling resonances, a necessary condition for sensing, were demonstrated near 10 mu m wavelength for this material. The shape and position of these resonances agree well with simple analytic calculations based on the theory of Hessel and Oliner (1965). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3672738] C1 [Shahzad, Monas; Medhi, Gautam; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Boreman, Glenn D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Edwards, Oliver] Zyberwear Inc, Orlando, FL 34818 USA. RP Shahzad, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM robert.peale@ucf.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-10030, FA9550-10-1-0417]; AFRL LRIR [09RY09COR, 09RY01COR, 00SN03COR]; NSF SBIR [IIP-0944520] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR (Gernot Pomrenke Program Manager) under Grant Nos. FA9550-10-10030, FA9550-10-1-0417, and AFRL LRIR, Award Nos. 09RY09COR, 09RY01COR, and 00SN03COR, as well as by an NSF SBIR Phase I award IIP-0944520. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 12 AR 123105 DI 10.1063/1.3672738 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869ZV UT WOS:000298639800006 ER PT J AU Goza, AJ Tritchler, SE Bliss, DF Houchens, BC AF Goza, Andres J. Tritchler, Stephanie E. Bliss, David F. Houchens, Brent C. TI Thermodynamic modeling of bulk ternary alloy crystal growth: Comparison of experiments and theory for GaInSb alloys SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Growth models; Segregation; Growth from melt; Antimonides; Semiconducting ternary compounds ID BRIDGMAN; GASB AB Ternary alloy GaInSb crystals are grown from a melt in the horizontal Bridgman configuration for high (70%) and low (30%) Ga compositions. Each composition is compared to ideal and regular solution model predictions. Good agreement is found between the regular solution model and experimental observations. However, this agreement is quite sensitive to the starting proportions of the constituent elements. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goza, Andres J.; Tritchler, Stephanie E.; Houchens, Brent C.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bliss, David F.] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. RP Houchens, BC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM houchens@rice.edu FU AFRL [FA8650-05-D-1912]; AFOSR; STTR [FA9550-09-C-0071] FX We wish to thank Dr. Piotr Becla for his invaluable guidance in the lab. He was instrumental in the analysis of our results. This work was supported by AFRL through the Summer Researcher Program administered by UTC under contract FA8650-05-D-1912. It was also supported by AFOSR through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship and through STTR contract FA9550-09-C-0071. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 337 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.09.056 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 863WV UT WOS:000298199900010 ER PT J AU Peterson, JD Wood, AW AF Peterson, Jesse D. Wood, Aihua W. TI Large solutions to non-monotone semilinear elliptic systems SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Large solutions; Semilinear elliptic systems ID LARGE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS; EXISTENCE AB We present the existence of entire large positive radial solutions for the non-monotonic system Delta u = p(vertical bar x vertical bar)g(v), Delta v = q(vertical bar x vertical bar)f(u) on R(n) where n >= 3. The functions f and g satisfy a Keller-Osserman type condition while nonnegative functions p and q are required to satisfy the decay conditions integral(infinity)(0) tp(t)dt < infinity and integral(infinity)(0) tq(t)dt < infinity. Further, p and q are such that min(p, q) does not have compact support. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peterson, Jesse D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, JD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jdpq6c@mail.missouri.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 384 IS 2 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.05.061 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 810AE UT WOS:000294097000012 ER PT J AU Rabb, DJ Stafford, JW Jameson, DF AF Rabb, David J. Stafford, Jason W. Jameson, Douglas F. TI Non-iterative aberration correction of a multiple transmitter system SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID APERTURE SYNTHESIS AB Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis provides aperture gain and improves effective aperture fill factor by shifting the received speckle field through the use of multiple transmitter locations. It is proposed that by utilizing methods based on shearing interferometry some low-order aberrations, such as defocus, can be found directly rather than through iterative algorithms. The current work describes the theory behind multi-transmitter aberration correction and describes experiments used to validate this method. Experimental results are shown which demonstrate the ability of such a sensor to solve directly for defocus and toric curvature in the captured field values. C1 [Rabb, David J.; Stafford, Jason W.; Jameson, Douglas F.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rabb, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYMM Bldg 622,3109 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.rabb@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 25 BP 25048 EP 25056 DI 10.1364/OE.19.025048 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 857FN UT WOS:000297702400020 PM 22273896 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Newell, TC Vretenar, N Latham, WP AF Peterson, P. Gavrielides, A. Newell, T. C. Vretenar, N. Latham, W. P. TI ASE in thin disk lasers: theory and experiment SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SCALING LAWS AB We derive equations for the ASE intensity, decay time, and heat load. The crux of our development is frequency integration over the gain lineshape followed by a spatial integration over the emitters. These integrations result in a gain length that is determined from experiment. We measure the gain as a function of incident pump power for a multi-pass pumped Yb:YAG disk doped at 9.8 at.% with an anti-ASE cap. The incident pump powers are up to 3kW. Our fit to the measured gain is within 10% of the measured gain up to pump powers where the gain starts to flatten out and roll over. In this comparison we extract the gain length that turns out to be 43% of the pump spot size of 7mm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Peterson, P.] Boeing LTS Inc, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. [Gavrielides, A.; Newell, T. C.; Latham, W. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vretenar, N.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), Boeing LTS Inc, POB 5670 MC RN-M1, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 25 BP 25672 EP 25684 DI 10.1364/OE.19.025672 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 857FN UT WOS:000297702400084 PM 22273960 ER PT J AU Torvik, PJ AF Torvik, Peter J. TI On estimating system damping from frequency response bandwidths SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB As damping determines the maximum vibratory response of a system at resonance, reliable estimates of damping are critical both to the design and qualification of systems to be subjected to a vibratory environment and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of modifications or additions provided to increase damping. The sharpness of the frequency response at resonance is often used for this purpose, quantified by the width of the frequency range (bandwidth) for which the response is above some fraction of the maximum response. Several aspects of the use of bandwidth methods in interpreting test results are considered. It is shown that the use of an excessive rate of change of test frequency in a sine sweep leads to overestimates of system damping. A criterion is offered for the identification of the maximum sweep rate for which an observed frequency response function provides a true indication of system damping, rather than an erroneous value dominated by the sweep rate. Applicability of the criterion is demonstrated through the use of results from actual tests. Excessive sweep rates are shown to inflate estimates of system loss factors above the true values in proportion to the square root of the sweep rate. It is also demonstrated with a specific form for an amplitude-dependent stiffness that the resulting nonlinearity can lead to erroneous observations of bandwidth frequencies, as well as the need for further reductions in the sweep rate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. RP Torvik, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 1866 Winchester Rd, Xenia, OH 45385 USA. EM torvikp@asme.org NR 11 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 330 IS 25 BP 6088 EP 6097 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2011.06.027 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 829FG UT WOS:000295563400003 ER PT J AU Snyder, M Wallace, R AF Snyder, Matthew Wallace, Rick TI What should you tell pregnant women about exposure to parvovirus? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID B19 INFECTION C1 [Snyder, Matthew] Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Family Med Obstet, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Wallace, Rick] E Tennessee State Univ, Med Lib, Quillen Coll Med, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Snyder, M (reprint author), Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Family Med Obstet, Nellis AFB, NV USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 60 IS 12 BP 765 EP 766 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934CW UT WOS:000303421000012 PM 22163362 ER PT J AU Blagoveshchenskaya, NF Borisova, TD Rietveld, MT Yeoman, TK Wright, DM Rother, M Luhr, H Mishin, EV Roth, C AF Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F. Borisova, T. D. Rietveld, M. T. Yeoman, T. K. Wright, D. M. Rother, M. Luehr, H. Mishin, E. V. Roth, C. TI Results of Russian experiments dealing with the impact of powerful HF radiowaves on the high-latitude ionosphere using the EISCAT facilities SO GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY LA English DT Article ID AURORAL IONOSPHERE; F-REGION; IRREGULARITIES; TROMSO; WAVES; FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTROJET; FREQUENCY AB We present the results of complex experiments dealing with the impact of powerful HF radiowaves on the high-latitude ionosphere using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) facilities. During the ionospheric F-region heating by powerful extraordinary (X-mode) polarized HF radiowaves under the conditions of heating near the critical f (H) frequency f (H) a parts per thousand f (x) F2 of the extraordinary wave of the F2-layer, we were first to detect the excitation of intense artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities (ASIs), accompanied by electron temperature increases by approximately 50%. The results of coordinated satellite and ground-based observations of the powerful HF radiowave impact on the high-latitude ionosphere are considered. During ionospheric F-region heating by powerful HF radiowaves of ordinary polarization (O-mode) during evening hours, the phenomenon of ion outflow accompanied by electron temperature increases and thermal plasma expansion was revealed. Concurrent DMSP-F15 satellite measurements at a height of about 850 km indicate an O+ ion density increase. The CHAMP satellite observations identified ULF emissions at the modulation frequency (3 Hz) of the powerful HF radiowave, generated during modulated emissions of the powerful HF radiowave of O-polarization and accompanied by a substantial increase in the electron temperature and ASI generation. C1 [Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F.; Borisova, T. D.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Rietveld, M. T.] EISCAT Sci Assoc, Ramfjordbotn, Norway. [Yeoman, T. K.; Wright, D. M.] Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. [Rother, M.; Luehr, H.] GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany. [Mishin, E. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Roth, C.] AER Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Blagoveshchenskaya, NF (reprint author), Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014 OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825 FU federal target program "Geophysics" FX We thank the personnel of the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) for assistance in accomplishing the experiments in Tromso, Norway, and the staff of the University of Leicester, United Kingdom, for maintaining the operation of the system of CUTLASS radars in Finland and Iceland during the experiments. This work was supported by the federal target program "Geophysics." NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7932 J9 GEOMAGN AERONOMY+ JI Geomagn. Aeron. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 51 IS 8 SI SI BP 1109 EP 1120 DI 10.1134/S0016793211080160 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 919BP UT WOS:000302295900015 ER PT J AU Callihan, RS Wood, AW AF Callihan, Robert S. Wood, Aihua W. TI Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Scattering from an Overfilled Cavity Embedded in an Impedance Ground Plane SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Impedance boundary conditions; overfilled cavity; time domain ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY; ANTENNAS AB In this paper, we consider the time-domain scattering problem of a two-dimensional overfilled cavity embedded in an impedance ground plane. An artificial boundary condition is introduced on a semicircle enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those fields inside. The problem is first discretized in time using the Newmark scheme, and at each time step, we derive the variational formulation for the TM polarization, and establish well-posedness. Numerical implementation of the method for both the planar and overfilled cavity models is also presented. C1 [Callihan, Robert S.; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Callihan, RS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.callihan@us.af.mil; aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 12 SI SI BP 989 EP 996 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 901ZH UT WOS:000301007900005 ER PT J AU Altrock, RC AF Altrock, Richard C. TI Coronal Fe XIV Emission During the Whole Heliosphere Interval Campaign SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar corona; Fe IV corona; Solar cycle ID EXTENDED SOLAR-CYCLE AB Solar Cycle 24 is having a historically long and weak start. Observations of the Fe xiv corona from the Sacramento Peak site of the National Solar Observatory show an abnormal pattern of emission compared to observations of Cycles 21, 22, and 23 from the same instrument. The previous three cycles have shown a strong, rapid "Rush to the Poles" (previously observed in polar crown prominences and earlier coronal observations) in the parameter N(t,l,dt) (average number of Fe xiv emission features per day over dt days at time t and latitude l). Cycle 24 displays a weak, intermittent, and slow "Rush" that is apparent only in the northern hemisphere. If the northern Rush persists at its current rate, evidence from the Rushes in previous cycles indicates that solar maximum will occur in early 2013 or late 2012, at least in the northern hemisphere. At lower latitudes, solar maximum previously occurred when the time maximum of N(t,l,365) reached approximately 20A degrees latitude. Currently, this parameter is at or below 30A degrees and decreasing in latitude. Unfortunately, it is difficult at this time to calculate the rate of decrease in N(t,l,365). However, the southern hemisphere could reach 20A degrees in 2011. Nonetheless, considering the levels of activity so far, there is a possibility that the maximum could be indiscernible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Altrock, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM altrock@nso.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9714-9 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 873ER UT WOS:000298864400014 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Ling, A. G. TI The Floor in the Solar Wind Magnetic Field Revisited SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar wind; Slow solar wind; Floor; Cycle 24 ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAUNDER MINIMUM; FLUX; SUN; ACCELERATION; RECONNECTION; STREAMS; REGION; SPEED AB Svalgaard and Cliver (Astrophys. J. Lett. 661, L203, 2007) proposed that the solar-wind magnetic-field strength [B] at Earth has a "floor" value of a parts per thousand 4.6 nT in yearly averages, which is approached but not broached at solar minima. They attributed the floor to a constant baseline solar open flux. In both 2008 and 2009, the notion of such a floor was undercut by annual B averages of a parts per thousand 4 nT. Here we present a revised view of both the level and the concept of the floor. Two independent correlations indicate that B has a floor of a parts per thousand 2.8 nT in yearly averages. These are i) a relationship between solar polar-field strength and yearly averages of B for the last four 11-year minima (B (MIN)), and ii) a precursor relationship between peak sunspot number for cycles 14 -aEuro parts per thousand 23 and B (MIN) at their preceding minima. These correlations suggest that at 11-year minima, B consists of i) a floor of a parts per thousand 2.8 nT, and ii) a component primarily due to the solar polar fields that varies from a parts per thousand 0 nT to a parts per thousand 3 nT. The solar polar fields provide the "seed" for the subsequent sunspot maximum. Removing the a parts per thousand 2.8 nT floor from B (MIN) brings the percentage decrease in B between the 1996 and 2009 minima into agreement with the corresponding decrease in solar polar-field strength. Based on a decomposition of the solar wind (from 1972 -aEuro parts per thousand 2009) into high-speed streams, coronal mass ejections, and slow solar wind, we suggest that the source of the floor in B is the slow solar wind. During 2009, Earth was in slow solar-wind flows a parts per thousand 70% of the time. We propose that the floor corresponds to a baseline (non-cyclic or ground state) open solar flux of a parts per thousand 8x10(13) Wb, which originates in persistent small-scale (supergranular and granular) field. C1 [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX We thank Leif Svalgaard for numerous discussions, Ken Schatten for comments on a draft of this paper, and the referee for helpful criticism. We thank Ian Richardson for providing us with his decomposition of the solar wind into its three principal components. A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9657-6 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 873ER UT WOS:000298864400016 ER PT J AU Comfort, KK Maurer, EI Braydich-Stolle, LK Hussain, SM AF Comfort, Kristen K. Maurer, Elizabeth I. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Hussain, Saber M. TI Interference of Silver, Gold, and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Epidermal Growth Factor Signal Transduction in Epithelial Cells SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; signal transduction; EGF; nanotoxicology; silver; gold; SPION ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; STEM-CELLS; KINASE; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; ACTIVATION; CANCER; AKT AB Metallic nanomaterials, including silver, gold, and iron oxide, are being utilized in an increasing number of fields and specialties. The use of nanosilver as an antimicrobial agent is becoming ever-more common, whereas gold and Iron oxide nanomaterials are frequently utilized in the medical field due to their recognized "biocompatibility". Numerous reports have examined the general toxicity of these nanomaterials; however, little data exists on how the introduction of these nanomaterials, at nontoxic levels, affects normal cellular processes. In the present study the impact of low levels of 10 nm silver (Ag-NP), gold (Au-NP), and iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal transduction within the human epithelial cell line, A-431, was Investigated. Following a biocompatibility assessment, the nanoparticle-induced interference at four specific targets within the EGF signaling process was evaluated: (1) nanoparticle-EGF association, (2) Akt and Erk phosphorylation, (3) Akt activity, and (4) EGF-dependent gene regulation. For all tested nanoparticles, following cellular exposure, a disruption in the EGF signaling response transpired; however, the metallic composition determined the mechanism of alteration. In addition to inducing high quantities of ROS, Ag-NPs attenuated levels of Akt and Erk phosphorylation. Au-NPs were found to decrease EGF-dependent Akt and Erk phosphorylation as well as inhibit Akt activity. Lastly, SPIONs produced a strong alteration In EGF activated gene transcription, with targeted genes influencing cell proliferation, migration, and receptor expression. These results demonstrate that even at low doses, Introduction of Ag-NPs, Au-NPs, and SPIONs impaired the A-431 cell line's response to EGF. C1 [Comfort, Kristen K.; Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013 FU 711th HPW/AFRL; National Research Council (NRC); AFOSR; Henry Jackson Foundation FX This work was funded by the 711th HPW/AFRL Chief Scientist Seedling Program, Tier I. K. Comfort is supported through a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council (NRC), funded through the AFOSR. E. Maurer and L. Braydich-Stolle are funded through the Henry Jackson Foundation, an in house contractor for AFRL/RH. NR 45 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 12 BP 10000 EP 10008 DI 10.1021/nn203785a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 865ND UT WOS:000298316700076 PM 22070748 ER PT J AU Freeman, TM AF Freeman, Theodore M. TI Challenge sting: to bee or not to bee SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; VENOM; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ANAPHYLAXIS; ALLERGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; HYMENOPTERA; SEVERITY; EXTRACT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Freeman, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 107 IS 6 BP 538 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.01.001 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 862EN UT WOS:000298072700012 PM 22123384 ER PT J AU Chambal, SP Weir, JD Kahraman, YR Gutman, AJ AF Chambal, Stephen P. Weir, Jeffery D. Kahraman, Yucel R. Gutman, Alex J. TI A Practical Procedure for Customizable One-Way Sensitivity Analysis in Additive Value Models SO DECISION ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multiattribute decision analysis; value-focused thinking; parametric analysis; additive value models; one-way sensitivity analysis ID DECISION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; WEIGHTS AB Although a wide variety of sensitivity analysis methods for additive value models appear in the literature, the most commonly used and easily understood is one-way sensitivity analysis. We address concerns from practice with this traditional method and build the mathematical foundation for a new and robust one-way sensitivity analysis approach that enables the decision maker(s) to gain a greater ownership of the model. A traditional one-way sensitivity analysis varies one attribute weight while keeping all others proportionally constant; although useful, it also has limitations, particularly in group decision making. Our proposed methodology, customizable one-way sensitivity analysis (COSA), retains the simplicity of the traditional method but extends it to a more powerful form. COSA allows the decision maker(s) to tailor the sensitivity analysis to the desired decision context by assigning weight coefficients of elasticity to the attribute weights. These parameters let the decision maker choose how the adjusted weight change is distributed throughout the model. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion about performing sensitivity analysis on complex hierarchies with more than one tier and include an applied example to demonstrate COSA's usefulness. Overall, a consistent standard for the one-way sensitivity analysis of additive value models is provided for the decision analysis community. C1 [Chambal, Stephen P.; Weir, Jeffery D.; Kahraman, Yucel R.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gutman, Alex J.] USAF, Ctr Operat Anal, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gutman, Alex J.] Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Chambal, SP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephen.chambal@theperducogroup.com; jeffery.weir@afit.edu; yucelrkahraman@gmail.com; alex.gutman@afit.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1545-8490 J9 DECIS ANAL JI Decis. Anal. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 303 EP 321 DI 10.1287/deca.1110.0219 PG 19 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 861HL UT WOS:000298009900005 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, S Creech, G Wilson, J Yoder, SM McCue, JJ Verhelst, M Khalil, W AF Balasubramanian, S. Creech, G. Wilson, J. Yoder, S. M. McCue, J. J. Verhelst, M. Khalil, W. TI Systematic Analysis of Interleaved Digital-to-Analog Converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS LA English DT Article DE DDRF-DAC; digital-to-analog converters (DACs); interleaving; reconstruction ID DAC AB A generalized theoretical analysis of interleaved digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is presented to explain the cancellation of image replicas. A new RF-DAC architecture comprising N-parallel DACs and using both clock and hold interleaving structure is proposed. The architecture is analyzed using a general mathematical model that can be extended to other types of interleaved DACs. Additional benefits of the proposed architecture, including bandwidth and resolution enhancements, are investigated. The model is extended to analyze return-to-zero variants of this architecture with a variable hold time period. The effect of different path mismatches is further examined. C1 [Yoder, S. M.; McCue, J. J.; Khalil, W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Creech, G.] USAF, Adv Sensor Components Branch, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Wilson, J.] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Verhelst, M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Balasubramanian, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM balasubs@ece.osu.edu RI Khalil, Waleed/H-1065-2012; Verhelst, Marian/E-5739-2011 OI Verhelst, Marian/0000-0003-3495-9263 FU National Science Foundation [1032604]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under NSF Grant 1032604 and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor T.-C. Lee. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-7747 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Express Briefs PD DEC PY 2011 VL 58 IS 12 BP 882 EP 886 DI 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2172526 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 861XA UT WOS:000298052500021 ER PT J AU Hammack, S Rao, X Lee, T Carter, C AF Hammack, Stephen Rao, Xing Lee, Tonghun Carter, Campbell TI Direct-Coupled Plasma-Assisted Combustion Using a Microwave Waveguide Torch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Energetically enhanced combustion; microwave plasma; planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF); plasma-assisted combustion (PAC); Rayleigh scattering thermometry ID GLIDING ARC PLASMA; DIFFUSION FLAMES; HUMID-AIR; DISCHARGE; IGNITION; ENHANCEMENT; DYNAMICS; REACTOR; FLOWS AB A tunable microwave waveguide is used to initiate and enhance combustion by coupling an atmospheric plasma discharge to a premixed methane/air flame. The absorbed microwave power ranges from 60 to 150 W, which was generated from a continuous source operating at 2.45 GHz, whereas combustion power ranges from 200 to 1000 W. OH radical number densities were measured using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), and temperatures were measured using Rayleigh scattering thermometry for various flow rates, equivalence ratios, and power levels. Increases in reaction volume, OH density, and temperature were observed as power increased. In the plasma-coupled premixed flame, OH number densities, which are quantified on the order of 10(16) cm(-3), increased by up to 50%, and temperature ranging from 2000 to 3000 K increased by up to 40% as the absorbed microwave power was increased from 60 to 130 W. Air-only plasma discharges exhibited a much greater temperature increase, i.e., up to 190%. The power associated with the measured temperature increases varied greatly with flow and input power but are typically three to four times greater in the air-only plasma compared to the flame coupled plasma, demonstrating a greater degree of nonthermal mechanisms present in plasma-enhanced flame discharge. C1 [Hammack, Stephen; Rao, Xing; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hammack, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hammacks@msu.edu RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012; Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under Award FA9550-09-1-0282 and Award FA9550-10-1-0556) with Dr. J. Tishkoff as Technical Monitor. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 39 IS 12 SI SI BP 3300 EP 3306 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2161778 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 861YF UT WOS:000298056300007 ER PT J AU Rao, X Hammack, S Carter, C Grotjohn, T Asmussen, J Lee, T AF Rao, Xing Hammack, Stephen Carter, Campbell Grotjohn, Timothy Asmussen, Jes, Jr. Lee, Tonghun TI Microwave-Plasma-Coupled Re-Ignition of Methane-and-Oxygen Mixture Under Auto-Ignition Temperature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auto-ignition temperature; laser induced fluorescence; plasma assisted combustion; re-ignition ID LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; GLIDING ARC PLASMA; PREMIXED HYDROCARBON; COMBUSTION DYNAMICS; ASSISTED COMBUSTION; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR-FLOWS; DISCHARGE AB The re-ignition phenomenon is observed when fuel/oxidizer is re-introduced into an atmospheric-pressure plasma discharge generated by cutting off the gas flow in a re-entrant microwave-plasma applicator system used for plasma-assisted ignition and combustion research works. Results indicate that, for re-ignition to occur, the electric field must be strong enough to fully establish a weakly ionized and self-sustained plasma discharge, and with elevated radical concentrations. The re-ignition was possible at gas flow speeds higher than typical flame propagation rates, and temperature measurements (thermocouple and N(2) emission) reveal that re-ignition occurs under auto-ignition temperatures. The high-speed imaging of the flame propagation shows that it is a two step process of initiating a fast pyrolysis flame, which, in turn, stabilizes and starts the direct coupling process of the plasma energy into the flame for full re-ignition to occur. C1 [Rao, Xing] Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beam, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grotjohn, Timothy; Asmussen, Jes, Jr.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rao, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beam, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012; Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-09-1-0282 and Award FA9550-10-1-0556 with Dr. J. Tishkoff as Technical Monitor. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 39 IS 12 SI SI BP 3307 EP 3313 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2161597 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 861YF UT WOS:000298056300008 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Xie, W Yan, Y Liu, G Kaduk, J Thomas, E Tritt, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Xie, W. Yan, Y. Liu, G. Kaduk, J. Thomas, E. Tritt, T. TI Structural and thermoelectric properties of BaRCo4O7 (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; CA3CO4O9; CA3CO2O6; SRCR9PGA12-9PO19; YBACO4O7+DELTA; MAGNETISM; POWER AB The structure and thermoelectric properties of a series of barium lanthanide cobaltites, BaRCo4O7 (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), which were prepared using the spark plasma synthesis technique, have been investigated. The space group of these compounds was re-determined and confirmed to be P31c instead of the reported P6(3)mc. The lattice parameters a and c range from 6.26279(2) angstrom to 6.31181(6) angstrom, and from 10.22468(6) angstrom to 10.24446(15) angstrom for R Lu to Dy, respectively. The crystal structure of BaRCo4O7 is built up from Kagome sheets of CoO4 tetrahedra, linked by triangular layers of CoO4 tetrahedra. The values of figure of merit (ZT) of the BaRCo4O7 samples were determined to be around 0.02 at 800 K. X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples have been determined and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3663526] C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yan, Y.; Liu, G.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, W.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Greensville, SC 29634 USA. [Kaduk, J.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Thomas, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011 OI XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 11 AR 113706 DI 10.1063/1.3663526 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864QL UT WOS:000298254800056 ER PT J AU Dietl, J Herrmann, T Reich, G Garcia, E AF Dietl, John Herrmann, Thomas Reich, Gregory Garcia, Ephrahim TI Dynamic Modeling, Testing, and Stability Analysis of an Ornithoptic Blimp SO JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ornithopter; blimp; flight dynamics; stability analysis ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; LONGITUDINAL FLIGHT AB In order to study ornithopter flight and to improve a dynamic model of flapping propulsion, a series of tests are conducted on a flapping-wing blimp. The blimp is designed and constructed from mylar plastic and balsa wood as a test platform for aerodynamics and flight dynamics. The blimp, 2.3 meters long and 420 gram mass, is propelled by its flapping wings. Due to buoyancy the wings have no lift requirement so that the distinction between lift and propulsion can be analyzed in a flight platform at low flight speeds. The blimp is tested using a Vicon motion tracking system and various initial conditions are tested including accelerating flight from standstill, decelerating from an initial speed higher than its steady state, and from its steady-state speed but disturbed in pitch angle. Test results are used to estimate parameters in a coupled quasi-steady aerodynamics/Newtonian flight dynamics model. This model is then analyzed using Floquet theory to determine local dynamic modes and stability. It is concluded that the dynamic model adequately describes the vehicle's nonlinear behavior near the steady-state velocity and that the vehicle's linearized modes are akin to those of a fixed-wing aircraft. C1 [Dietl, John; Herrmann, Thomas; Garcia, Ephrahim] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Reich, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dietl, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jmd99@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6529 J9 J BIONIC ENG JI J. Bionic Eng. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60043-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 864DG UT WOS:000298216600004 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC AF Fang, Z. -Q. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. TI Deep Traps in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors Studied by Current-Mode Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy: Influence of Device Location SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN HFETs; current deep-level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS); deep-level traps; spatial variation ID HEMTS; DLTS; GAN AB Across-wafer variation of deep traps in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) has been studied using current-mode deep-level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS). It is found that applying a bias to the gate corresponding to open-channel or nearly pinched-off operation while cooling from 550 K has significant effects on the threshold voltage of the device and spectral features of I-DLTS at T 2:Cs material. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant # FA9550-09-1-0610, Program manager-Dr Charles Lee). NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 4917 EP 4920 DI 10.1039/c1ee01368h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855KF UT WOS:000297562300012 ER PT J AU Evans, J Zvonar, Z AF Evans, Joseph Zvonar, Zoran TI RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Joseph] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, Joseph] Natl Sci Fdn, Directorate Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Div Comp & Network Syst, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Evans, Joseph] Cambridge Univ Comp Lab, Cambridge, England. [Evans, Joseph] USAF, Rome Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Elect Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. RP Evans, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evans@ittc.ku.edu; zoran.zvonar@mediatek.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 49 IS 12 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 858OD UT WOS:000297809100012 ER PT J AU Chabak, KD Walker, DE Johnson, MR Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Smith, DJ Wowchak, AM Tetlak, SK Kossler, M Gillespie, JK Fitch, RC Trejo, M AF Chabak, Kelson D. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Johnson, Michael R. Crespo, Antonio Dabiran, Amir M. Smith, David J. Wowchak, Andrew M. Tetlak, Stephen K. Kossler, Mauricio Gillespie, James K. Fitch, Robert C. Trejo, Manuel TI High-Performance AlN/GaN HEMTs on Sapphire Substrate With an Oxidized Gate Insulator SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aluminum nitride; high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); lattice strain; low gate leakage; sapphire substrate AB This letter presents transistor device results on ultrathin AlN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors grown on a sapphire substrate with high dc/RF performance, including low gate leakage and high transconductance. Devices with 80- and 180-nm T-gates are compared, which demonstrate drain-induced OFF-state gate leakage currents below 10(-6) A/mm and extrinsic transconductance g(m) similar to 500 mS/mm by utilizing a similar to 2-3 nm amorphous oxide layer formed under the T-gate during processing. In addition, excellent dc results such as R(C) < 0.50 Omega . mm and pulsed I(DS,max) similar to 1.75 A/mm are reported. Small-signal RF performance using an 80-nm T-gate achieved f(t) > 100 GHz operation, which is among the best so far reported for AlN/GaN technology. C1 [Chabak, Kelson D.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Crespo, Antonio; Tetlak, Stephen K.; Kossler, Mauricio; Gillespie, James K.; Fitch, Robert C.; Trejo, Manuel] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Michael R.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dabiran, Amir M.; Wowchak, Andrew M.] SVT Associates Inc, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Chabak, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kelson.chabak@wpafb.af.mil; dabiran@svta.com; david.smith@asu.edu NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1677 EP 1679 DI 10.1109/LED.2011.2167952 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 852IZ UT WOS:000297352500010 ER PT J AU Siddiqui, JJ Phillips, JD Leedy, K Bayraktaroglu, B AF Siddiqui, Jeffrey J. Phillips, Jamie D. Leedy, Kevin Bayraktaroglu, Burhan TI Admittance Spectroscopy of Interface States in ZnO/HfO2 Thin-Film Electronics SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Admittance spectroscopy (AS); hafnium oxide (HfO2); interface charge density; zinc oxide (ZnO) AB The electronic properties of ZnO/HfO2 interface states are studied by dc current-voltage and ac admittance spectroscopy on thin-film transistors (TFTs) and metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitor structures. Subthreshold behavior of the transistors indicates an interface state density (N-it) value of 7.2 x 10(12) cm(-2). Cole-Cole plots of ac admittance demonstrate Debye behavior and extracted energy-dependent interface state density (D-it) with an approximate exponential decay of 3.0 x 10(13) cm(-2) . eV(-1) near the conduction band to 1.2 x 10(12) cm(-2) . eV(-1) at 0.9 eV below the conduction band. The integrated interface state density from these measurements is N-it = 7.9 x 10(12) cm(-2), which is consistent with the value obtained from subthreshold behavior of the TFTs. C1 [Siddiqui, Jeffrey J.; Phillips, Jamie D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Bayraktaroglu, Burhan] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYDD, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Siddiqui, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jjameel@umich.edu RI Phillips, Jamie/E-9394-2010 FU Department of Defense SMART FX The first author would like to thank the Department of Defense SMART program for support. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1713 EP 1715 DI 10.1109/LED.2011.2170399 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 852IZ UT WOS:000297352500022 ER PT J AU Zeng, ZW Deng, YM Liu, X Udpa, L Udpa, SS Koltenbah, BEC Bossi, RH Steffes, G AF Zeng, Zhiwei Deng, Yiming Liu, Xin Udpa, Lalita Udpa, Satish S. Koltenbah, Benjamin E. C. Bossi, Richard H. Steffes, Gary TI EC-GMR Data Analysis for Inspection of Multilayer Airframe Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Complex trajectory; detection angle; eddy current; giant magnetoresistive sensor; multilayer aircraft skin structure; nondestructive evaluation ID AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB Eddy-current testing (ECT) is widely used in inspection of multilayer aircraft skin structures for the detection of cracks under fasteners (CUF). Detection of deep hidden CUF poses a major challenge in traditional ECT techniques largely because the weak eddy-current signal due to a subsurface crack is dominated by the strong signal from the aluminum or steel fastener. Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are finding increasing applications in directly measuring weak magnetic fields associated with induced eddy currents. The measured flux image at a fastener site is in general symmetric and an asymmetry is introduced by the presence of a subsurface crack, which is used for defect detection. This paper presents novel methods that employ the resident phase information, for improving detection probability of GMR signal analysis. Using computational model, the effectiveness of the proposed methods for enhancing detection of CUF is investigated. Results demonstrating the potential of these techniques for detection of second layer CUF are presented. C1 [Zeng, Zhiwei] Xiamen Univ, Dept Aeronaut, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Deng, Yiming] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Liu, Xin; Udpa, Lalita; Udpa, Satish S.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Koltenbah, Benjamin E. C.; Bossi, Richard H.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. [Steffes, Gary] USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Res Branch, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Zeng, ZW (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Aeronaut, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM zeng@xmu.edu.cn NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 47 IS 12 BP 4745 EP 4752 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2160553 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 852FA UT WOS:000297337400012 ER PT J AU Coutu, RA Collins, PJ Moore, EA Langley, D Jussaume, ME Starman, LA AF Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Collins, Peter J. Moore, Elizabeth A. Langley, Derrick Jussaume, Matthew E. Starman, Lavern A. TI Electrostatically Tunable Meta-Atoms Integrated With In Situ Fabricated MEMS Cantilever Beam Arrays SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cantilever; meta-atom; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); split ring resonators (SRRs) ID METAMATERIAL AB Two concentric split ring resonators (SRRs) or meta-atoms designed to have a resonant frequency of 14 GHz are integrated with microelectromechanical systems cantilever arrays to enable electrostatic tuning of the resonant frequency. The entire structure was fabricated monolithically to improve scalability and minimize losses from externally wire-bonded components. A cantilever array was fabricated in the gap of both the inner and outer SRRs and consisted of five evenly spaced beams with lengths ranging from 300 to 400 mu m. The cantilevers pulled in between 15 and 24 V depending on the beam geometry. Each pulled-in beam increased the SRR gap capacitance resulting in an overall 1-GHz shift of the measured meta-atom resonant frequency. C1 [Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Collins, Peter J.; Langley, Derrick; Starman, Lavern A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Moore, Elizabeth A.] Wyle Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Jussaume, Matthew E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu; peter.collins@afit.edu; elizabeth.moore@gmx.com; derrick.langley@afit.edu; matthew.jussaume@afit.edu; lavern.starman@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 FU Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by Dr. Katie Thorp and in part by Dr. Augustine Urbas from the Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. Subject Editor A. M. Shkel. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2167659 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 855TZ UT WOS:000297589200017 ER PT J AU Stankiewicz, JA Lal, D Connor, M Welch, K AF Stankiewicz, James A. Lal, Devyani Connor, Matthew Welch, Kevin TI Complications in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A 25-Year Experience SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Complications; endoscopic sinus surgery ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID FISTULA; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; INTRANASAL ETHMOIDECTOMY; ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS; MEDICAL MALPRACTICE; NASAL POLYPOSIS; SURGICAL FIELD; SKULL BASE; BLOOD-LOSS; MANAGEMENT AB Objectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to review complications occurring as a result of endoscopic sinus surgery by one surgeon in an academic practice during a 25-year period. Study Design: Retrospective clinical study. Methods: A register of complications was tabulated during a period of 25 years for endoscopic sinus surgery performed for chronic rhinosinusitis in 3,402 patients (6,148 sides). All complications were reviewed as a whole and were not divided into major or minor categories. Results: A total of 105 patients were found to have complicated endoscopic sinus surgery, for an overall patient complication rate of 0.031, or 0.017 per operated side. The most common complications were hemorrhage (n = 41), orbital complications (n = 29), and CSF leak (n = 19). The following factors were noted to have increased risk for complications: age, revision surgery, nasal polyps, anatomic variation, extensive disease, overall health, medications, and underlying factors. Certain types of instrumentation such as powered instrumentation placed patients at greater risk. The use of image guidance or surgical experience did not eliminate complications from occurring. Conclusions: Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery still occur 25 years after the initial introduction of the surgery in 1985. Many complications can be managed without a bad outcome. The key to prevention is knowledge of anatomy, preparation, anticipation, and experience. Even then, complications can occur in the most experienced hands. Patients most at risk for complications include those with revision surgery, extensive disease, skull base anatomic or radiologic variations or dehiscences related to disease or previous surgery, and the use of powered instrumentation. C1 [Stankiewicz, James A.; Welch, Kevin] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Lal, Devyani] Mayo Clin Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Connor, Matthew] USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stankiewicz, JA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. EM jstank@lumc.edu NR 56 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2011 VL 121 IS 12 BP 2684 EP 2701 DI 10.1002/lary.21446 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 856LX UT WOS:000297644000031 PM 22086769 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Knight, CL Gupta, MK Luckarift, HR Drummy, LF Jespersen, ML Johnson, GR Naik, RR AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Knight, Caitlin L. Gupta, Maneesh K. Luckarift, Heather R. Drummy, Lawrence F. Jespersen, Michael L. Johnson, Glenn R. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Hybrid fibers containing protein-templated nanomaterials and biologically active components as antibacterial materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial; Biomimetic; TiO2; Silver nanoparticles; Lysozyme; Silk ID ANTIMICROBIAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES; BOMBYX-MORI SILK; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; METAL-CATIONS; SILICA; LYSOZYME; SURFACE; OXIDE; ADSORPTION AB The persistent and emerging threat of bacterial infections now extends to many real world scenarios that drive a requirement for antimicrobial fabrics. Such functionalized textiles may find application in protective wear for medical and military personnel and provide functional wound dressings that reduce infection in situ. In this work, biomimetic enzyme entrapment and protein-directed nanomaterials synthesis is combined and applied to the antimicrobial functionalization of fabrics. A multi-faceted approach was adopted to address the fabrication of textiles with Ag nanoparticles, bactericidal proteins and mineral coatings that may contribute (singularly or in unison) to provide antimicrobial activity. Fibroin coordinated silver ions, for example, were chemically reduced to generate silver nanoparticles within the interior of silk fabric fibers. Silk textiles were further functionalized by the surface adsorption of the bactericidal enzyme lysozyme. The exposure of such lysozyme-conjugated fabrics to mineralizing solutions enabled the self-directed immobilization of the enzyme in a subsequent protective matrix of amorphous silica or titania. Silk-immobilized lysozyme was also utilized to adsorb nanocrystalline TiO2 from solution onto the fabric surface; a subsequent layer of enzyme served to entrap the ceramic particles under a layer of biomimetically mineralized titania. The multiplicity of antimicrobial activities derived from this approach thereby combined: 1) the hydrolytic activity of lysozyme (demonstrated by radial diffusion assays), 2) the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles (demonstrated effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and silver resistant E. coli) and 3) the photocatalytic bactericidal response of TiO2 under UV illumination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Knight, Caitlin L.; Gupta, Maneesh K.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Jespersen, Michael L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06CBT008]; National Research Council [pMG101] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Project AA06CBT008). The assistance of P. Lloyd and J. M. Slocik with materials preparation and TEM/EDS characterization of silica samples and T. Reid with the ICP characterization of silk Ag content is gratefully acknowledged. MBD was supported during a portion of this work and MLJ was supported fully through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. The bacteria E. coli J53 (pMG101) was kindly provided by Dr. Anne O. Summers, University of Georgia (Athens, GA). NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 EI 1873-0191 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-MATER JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2011.08.006 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA 853BI UT WOS:000297400800021 ER PT J AU Clos, AL Lasagna-Reeves, CA Castillo-Carranza, DL Sengupta, U Jackson, GR Kelly, B Beachkofsky, TM Kayed, R AF Clos, A. L. Lasagna-Reeves, C. A. Castillo-Carranza, D. L. Sengupta, U. Jackson, G. R. Kelly, B. Beachkofsky, T. M. Kayed, R. TI Formation of immunoglobulin light chain amyloid oligomers in primary cutaneous nodular amyloidosis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; DEPOSITS; FIBRILS; DISEASE; COMMON; BETA; TAU AB Background Primary cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PCNA) is thought to be a plasma cell dyscrasia. The amyloid deposits are found in the dermis and subcutis, and they contain clonal immunoglobulin light chains, produced by a local proliferation of plasma cells. New insights into amyloid diseases have revealed that the pathology is due more to the presence of small, misfolded protein species termed oligomers than to the deposition of fibrillar material. Objectives To demonstrate the presence of amyloid oligomers in PCNA and to provide evidence that cutaneous amyloid diseases share a common pathogenic pathway similar to other amyloid diseases. Methods Immunohistochemical staining with conformation-specific and sequencespecific antibodies was used to localize different amyloid species of light chain immunoglobulins in a case of PCNA. Additionally, in vitro characterization of immunoglobulin oligomers and fibrils was performed to determine, through toxicity studies in a human keratinocyte cell line, which amyloidogenic form of the immunoglobulin is toxic in PCNA. Results Amyloid oligomers were identified in PCNA. Oligomers were mainly formed by lambda light chain immunoglobulins, and kappa light chain oligomers were detected in lesser amounts. Amyloid species were detected intra-and extracellularly. In addition, amyloid oligomers and fibrils, derived from unknown protein sources, were detected. This finding suggests that immunoglobulin amyloids can act as seeds capable of inducing the aggregation of heterogeneous proteins in the skin. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that immunoglobulin oligomers, but not monomers or fibrils, are toxic to human keratinocytes. Conclusions These data indicate that PCNA has common pathways with other amyloid diseases with respect to protein misfolding and pathogenesis. Immunoglobulin oligomers may prove to be targets for the treatment of PCNA. C1 [Lasagna-Reeves, C. A.; Castillo-Carranza, D. L.; Sengupta, U.; Jackson, G. R.; Kayed, R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Neurol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Clos, A. L.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Kelly, B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Dermatol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Lasagna-Reeves, C. A.; Castillo-Carranza, D. L.; Sengupta, U.; Jackson, G. R.; Kayed, R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Ctr Neurodegene, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Beachkofsky, T. M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Kayed, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Neurol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rakayed@utmb.edu FU Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases FX Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1354 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10508.x PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 852BM UT WOS:000297320000128 PM 21729025 ER PT J AU Gowayed, Y Ojard, G Chen, J Morscher, G Miller, R Santhosh, U Ahmad, J John, R AF Gowayed, Y. Ojard, G. Chen, J. Morscher, G. Miller, R. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. John, R. TI Accumulation of time-dependent strain during dwell-fatigue experiments of iBN-Sylramic melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composites with and without holes SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites; Creep; Fatigue; MI SiC/SiC ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; FIBERS; CREEP AB A 2 h tensile load cycle is repeated for specimens without holes and specimens with a central hole under the following conditions: (i) a stress ratio of 0.05, (ii) various stress levels, (iii) 815 degrees C and 1204 degrees C, (iv) different times up to 600 h and (v) different hole diameters. An increase in the accumulation of time-dependent strain with the increase in time and stress level is observed for specimens with and without holes. All specimens recovered part of their time-dependent strain at the minimum stress level. Residual strain to failure for specimens without holes showed a reduction with the increase in the amount of strain accumulated during the experiment. A curve fitting procedure of this experimental data, as well as data from archived literature, pointed at the possibility of the existence of a similar finite amount of strain to failure of all specimens tested at both temperatures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gowayed, Y.; Chen, J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [John, R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Morscher, G.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Santhosh, U.; Ahmad, J.] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gowayed, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gowayed@auburn.edu FU The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-D04] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA supported this effort under contracts F33615-01-C-5234 and F33615-03-D-2354-D04. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2020 EP 2027 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.09.008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 853AG UT WOS:000297398000018 ER PT J AU Rubovitch, V Ten-Bosch, M Zohar, O Harrison, CR Tempel-Brami, C Stein, E Hoffer, BJ Balaban, CD Schreiber, S Chiu, WT Pick, CG AF Rubovitch, Vardit Ten-Bosch, Meital Zohar, Ofer Harrison, Catherine R. Tempel-Brami, Catherine Stein, Elliot Hoffer, Barry J. Balaban, Carey D. Schreiber, Shaul Chiu, Wen-Ta Pick, Chaim G. TI A mouse model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Low level blast-induced brain injury; Behavior; MRI ID ADULT-RAT BRAIN; MANGANESE-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME; LASTING IMPULSE NOISE; MINOR HEAD-INJURY; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; DIFFUSION; EXPOSURE; MEMORY AB Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are one of the main causes for casualties among civilians and military personnel in the present war against terror. Mild traumatic brain injury from IEDs induces various degrees of cognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbances but knowledge of the exact brain pathophysiology following exposure to blast is poorly understood. The study was aimed at establishing a murine model for a mild BI-TBI that isolates low-level blast pressure effects to the brain without systemic injuries. An open-field explosives detonation was used to replicate, as closely as possible, low-level blast trauma in the battlefield or at a terror-attack site. No alterations in basic neurological assessment or brain gross pathology were found acutely in the blast-exposed mice. At 7 days post blast, cognitive and behavioral tests revealed significantly decreased performance at both 4 and 7 m distance from the blast (5.5 and 2.5 PSI, respectively). At 30 days post-blast, clear differences were found in animals at both distances in the object recognition test. and in the 7 m group in the Y maze test. Using MRI, T1 weighted images showed an increased BBB permeability I month post-blast. DTI analysis showed an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) and a decrease in radial diffusivity. These changes correlated with sites of up-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 in neurons and CXC-motif chemokine receptor 3 around blood vessels in fiber tracts. These results may represent brain axonal and myelin abnormalities. Cellular and biochemical studies are underway in order to further correlate the blast-induced cognitive and behavioral changes and to identify possible underlying mechanisms that may help develop treatment- and neuroprotective modalities. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stein, Elliot; Hoffer, Barry J.] NIDA, Intramural Res Program, NIH, IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Rubovitch, Vardit; Ten-Bosch, Meital; Pick, Chaim G.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Anat & Anthropol, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zohar, Ofer] Johns Hopkins Univ Montgomery Cty Campus, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Harrison, Catherine R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tempel-Brami, Catherine] Tel Aviv Univ, Alfredo Federico Strauss Ctr Computat Neuroimagin, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Balaban, Carey D.] Eye & Ear Inst 107, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Schreiber, Shaul] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Psychiat, Tel Aviv Souraslry Med Ctr, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Schreiber, Shaul] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Chiu, Wen-Ta] Taipei Med Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Taipei, Taiwan. [Balaban, Carey D.] 107 Eye & Ear Inst, Dept Neurobiol Commun Sci & Disorders, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Balaban, Carey D.] 107 Eye & Ear Inst, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hoffer, BJ (reprint author), NIDA, Intramural Res Program, NIH, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM barry.hoffer@nih.gov RI Schreiber, Shaul/E-5821-2010; OI Schreiber, Shaul/0000-0002-2189-0693; Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 FU NIH (National Institute on Drug Abuse); Taiwan NSC [NSC98-2321-B-038-003-MY3, NSC98-2314-B-038-012-MY3]; DOD-EOARD [FA8655-08-1-3010] FX We thank Dr. Letizia Schreiber, Dr. Galia Tsarfati and Dr. Ronit Satchi-Fainaro for their help. In addition, we would like to express thanks to Mr. Boaz Hayun, Mr. Avi Icar, Mr. Lippe Sadwin, Ms. Gloria Limetti and Ms. Cynthia Stone for their expert technical assistance and support. This study was partially supported by the Intramural Research Programs at the NIH (National Institute on Drug Abuse), by Taiwan NSC grants NSC98-2321-B-038-003-MY3 and NSC98-2314-B-038-012-MY3, and by DOD-EOARD grant FA8655-08-1-3010. NR 69 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 232 IS 2 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.018 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852UX UT WOS:000297384100023 PM 21946269 ER PT J AU Nifiatis, F Su, WJ Haley, JE Slagle, JE Cooper, TM AF Nifiatis, Fotis Su, Weijie Haley, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan E. Cooper, Thomas M. TI Comparison of the Photophysical Properties of a Planar, PtOEP, and a Nonplanar, PtOETPP, Porphyrin in Solution and Doped Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BASKET-HANDLE PORPHYRINS; EXCITED-STATE PROPERTIES; BACTERIUM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER; OPTICAL OXYGEN SENSORS; FREE-BASE PORPHYRINS; NICKEL(II) PORPHYRINS; PD COMPLEXES; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; SPECTRAL MANIFESTATIONS AB The absorption and emission spectroscopic properties of planar (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato)platinum(II) (PtOEP) and nonplanar (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)platinum(II) (PtOETPP) complexes have been studied at room temperature. Liquid solutions and doped films, in polystyrene (PS) and epoxy (EPO) polymers, have been investigated. In dilute liquid solution, the photophysical properties of the nonplanar complex are substantially perturbed compared to the planar analogue. Strong ligating solvents further affect the photophysical behavior of both Pt(II) complexes via axial ligation to the central metal ion. At high concentrations, ground state aggregation and excimer formation is observed for PtOEP films in PS and EPO hosts. Incorporation of the nonplanar PtOETPP complex in PS results in enhanced coplanarity of the meso-phenyl groups, leading to a more extended conjugation between the meso-substituents and the pi-conjugated system of the macrocycle. A more planar conformer for the nonplanar PtOETPP is present in the EPO host. C1 [Nifiatis, Fotis; Su, Weijie; Haley, Joy E.; Slagle, Jonathan E.; Cooper, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nifiatis, Fotis] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Chem, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Su, Weijie] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Nifiatis, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Fotis.Nifiatis@Plattsburgh.edu FU AFRL/RX [F33615-03-D-5408, F33615-99-C-5415] FX We thank the support of this work by AFRL/RX contacts F33615-03-D-5408 for R.N. and W.S. and contract F33615-99-C-5415 for J.E.S. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 47 BP 13764 EP 13772 DI 10.1021/jp205110j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 850LE UT WOS:000297195300005 PM 21988543 ER PT J AU Parker, M Bowers, SP Goldberg, RF Pfluke, JM Stauffer, JA Asbun, HJ Smith, CD AF Parker, Michael Bowers, Steven P. Goldberg, Ross F. Pfluke, Jason M. Stauffer, John A. Asbun, Horacio J. Smith, C. Daniel TI Transcervical videoscopic esophageal dissection during two-field minimally invasive esophagectomy: early patient experience SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Esophagectomy; Minimally invasive esophagectomy; Esophageal cancer; Barrett's Single-incision laparoscopy; Laparoscopy ID TRANSHIATAL ESOPHAGECTOMY; PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS; FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY; EN-BLOC; CANCER; ENDODISSECTION; ADENOCARCINOMA; VALIDATION; RESECTION AB Transhiatal (two-field) esophagectomy reduces cardiopulmonary complications by avoiding thoracic access, but requires blind mediastinal dissection. The authors developed a minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) technique applying single-incision laparoscopy technology to better visualize the thoracic esophageal dissection. This is performed using laparoscopy and simultaneous transcervical videoscopic esophageal dissection (TVED). Our aim is to demonstrate feasibility of two-field MIE with TVED and improve recovery in high-risk patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study of eight patients who underwent two-field MIE with TVED over 10 months. The majority were male (N = 6) with mean age of 63 +/- 12 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.2 +/- 5.1 kg/m(2). Indications for operation were: high-grade dysplasia (N = 2), adenocarcinoma (N = 6) with one receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Using the Charlson comorbidity index, three patients were low risk and five were high risk. TVED was performed with a modified single-incision access device across the left neck. The mediastinal esophagus was dissected distally and circumferentially with simultaneous transabdominal laparoscopy for gastric conduit creation and distal esophageal dissection. Mean operative time was 292 min (range 194-375 min). Three obese patients required temporary abdominal desufflation to avoid extrinsic mediastinal compression. Mean estimated blood loss was 119 mL (range 25-400 mL). A median of 23 lymph nodes (range 13-29) was harvested. Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 1 day (range 1-5 days), and median overall stay was 7 days (range 5-16 days). The three low-risk patients had no major complications. Three of five high-risk patients had major complications, including two cervical anastomotic leaks. Major complications were seen in three of four obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)). There were no mortalities. The TVED approach may avoid the morbidity of transthoracic esophageal dissection by improving esophageal visualization. Complications with TVED appear to correlate with obesity and comorbidities. Although TVED appears feasible, a larger experience is required. C1 [Parker, Michael; Bowers, Steven P.; Goldberg, Ross F.; Stauffer, John A.; Asbun, Horacio J.; Smith, C. Daniel] Mayo Clin Florida, Dept Surg, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Pfluke, Jason M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen & Bariatr Surg, San Antonio, TX 78230 USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Mayo Clin Florida, Dept Surg, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM smith.c.daniel@mayo.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 12 BP 3865 EP 3869 DI 10.1007/s00464-011-1811-1 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 849ZR UT WOS:000297164700024 PM 21701920 ER PT J AU Eick, AA Faix, DJ Tobler, SK Nevin, RL Lindler, LE Hu, Z Sanchez, JL MacIntosh, VH Russell, KL Gaydos, JC AF Eick, Angelia A. Faix, Dennis J. Tobler, Steven K. Nevin, Remington L. Lindler, Luther E. Hu, Zheng Sanchez, Jose L. MacIntosh, Victor H. Russell, Kevin L. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Serosurvey of Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Pathogens Among Deployed US Service Members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-YOUNG ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; MILITARY PERSONNEL; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; IRAQI-FREEDOM; PERTUSSIS; ILLNESS; ADOLESCENTS; DISEASES; AFGHANISTAN AB Background: Respiratory illnesses can cause substantial morbidity during military deployments. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are hypothesized causes. Purpose: To determine pathogen-specific seroprevalence prior to and after deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1000 service members deployed between June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2007, was conducted from 2008 through 2009. Pre- and post-deployment sera were tested for the presence of antibody to each pathogen. Results: Pre-deployment IgG seropositivity was high for adenovirus, RSV, and parainfluenza (98.7%, 97.8%, and 81.6%, respectively), whereas seropositivity for B. pertussis, M. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae was 14.2%, 21.9%, and 65.1%, respectively. As defined by seroconversion in 1000 subjects, the following were identified: 43 new parainfluenza infections (24% of susceptibles); 37 new pertussis infections (4% of susceptibles); 33 new C. pneumoniae infections (10% of susceptibles); and 29 new M. pneumoniae infections (4% of susceptibles). B. pertussis seroconversion was two to four times higher than reports for the general U. S. population. Overall, 14.2% of the service members seroconverted to at least one of these six pathogens; this increased to 30.1% seroconversion when influenza was included. However, serologic testing was not clearly associated with clinical illness in this report. Conclusions: Serologic evidence for respiratory infections was common among the 2004-2007 OEF-deployed military, sometimes at a higher rate than the general U. S. population. Awareness of this risk and implementation of preventive measures should be emphasized by leadership prior to and during deployment. (Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):573-580) (C) 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Eick, Angelia A.; Tobler, Steven K.; Nevin, Remington L.; Lindler, Luther E.; Hu, Zheng; Sanchez, Jose L.; MacIntosh, Victor H.; Russell, Kevin L.; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Faix, Dennis J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Naval Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Tobler, Steven K.] Evans Army Community Hosp, Ft Carson, CO USA. [Nevin, Remington L.] Bayne Jones Army Community Hosp, Ft Polk, LA USA. [Lindler, Luther E.] Dept Homeland Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [MacIntosh, Victor H.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eick, AA (reprint author), Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM angie.eick@us.army.mil OI Nevin, Remington/0000-0002-0534-1889 FU Naval Health Research Center; DoD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response (DoD-GEIS) [GF0233_06_CH]; Divisions of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring MD FX We would like to acknowledge the excellent laboratory work conducted in support of this study by the Naval Health Research Center. Specifically, we would like to thank Christian Hansen, David Metzgar, and Ryan Ortiguerra for their assistance in running the assays and compiling the results.; Financial support: DoD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response (DoD-GEIS) (Award GF0233_06_CH) (PI:AE) and the Army Medical Surveillance Activity, now Divisions of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring MD. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 41 IS 6 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 849US UT WOS:000297151400004 PM 22099233 ER PT J AU Proctor, SP Heaton, KJ Smith, KW Rodrigues, ER Widing, DE Herrick, R Vasterling, JJ McClean, MD AF Proctor, Susan P. Heaton, Kristin J. Smith, Kristen W. Rodrigues, Ema R. Widing, Drew E. Herrick, Robert Vasterling, Jennifer J. McClean, Michael D. TI The Occupational JP8 Exposure Neuroepidemiology Study (OJENES): Repeated workday exposure and central nervous system functioning among US Air Force personnel SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JP8; Jet fuel; Central nervous system; Exposure assessment; Military ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CLINICAL BALANCE TESTS; TRUNK SWAY MEASURES; S-TRANSFERASE M1; JET FUEL JP-8; POSTURAL STABILITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DERMAL EXPOSURE; BENZENE; WORKERS AB One of the most prevalent workplace chemical exposures historically and currently confronting the global military and civilian workforce is jet propellant (JP) fuel (e.g., JP4, JP5, JP8, jet A1), a complex mixture of numerous hydrocarbon compounds and additives. To date, numerous protective and preventive strategies (e.g., federal exposure limits, workplace procedure protocols, protective gear such as goggles, respirator use, gloves, and coveralls) have been put in place to minimize acutely toxic exposure levels. However, questions remain regarding the effect of repeated exposures at lower (than regulated) levels of JP fuel. The Occupational JP8 Exposure Neuroepidemiology Study (OJENES) was designed to examine the relationships between occupational JP8 exposure over multiple, repeated workdays and specific aspects of central nervous system (CNS) functioning among Air Force (AF) personnel. In this report, we present the OJENES methodology, descriptive findings related to participant characteristics, JP8 exposure levels observed over a work week among higher and lower exposure groups, and neuropsychological task performances at the first study assessment. Results indicated minimal differences between participants in the high and lower exposure groups in terms of descriptive characteristics, other than daily JP8 exposure levels (p < 0.001). In addition, neuropsychological task performances for most task measures were not found to be significantly different from reported reference ranges. These findings demonstrated that confounding and misclassification of exposure and outcome status are not major concerns for the study. Therefore, future OJENES analyses targeting the more focused research questions regarding associations between JP8 exposure and CNS functioning are likely to provide valid conclusions, as they will be less influenced by these research biases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Proctor, Susan P.; Heaton, Kristin J.] USA, Mil Performance Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Proctor, Susan P.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Proctor, Susan P.; Heaton, Kristin J.; Smith, Kristen W.; Rodrigues, Ema R.; McClean, Michael D.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Widing, Drew E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Herrick, Robert] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer J.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Proctor, SP (reprint author), USA, Mil Performance Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM susan.proctor@us.army.mil RI Heaton, Kristin/E-3660-2013; McClean, Michael/J-2934-2015; OI McClean, Michael/0000-0002-3902-8823 FU U.S. Air Force; US Army Medical Research [W81XWH-06-1-0105] FX We thank the U.S. Air Force personnel for their support and generous participation in the project. We are grateful to LTC Theresa Brininger, along with additional Boston area study team personnel (N. Longcore, E. Kryskow, K. Merchant-Borna, H. MacDonald, and A. Graefe) and other personnel from local universities for their assistance in Study 2 data collection process at the respective US Air Force base locations. We acknowledge and appreciate the personnel at the Organic Chemistry Analytical Laboratory at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Combustion Products and Persistent Pollutants Biomonitoring Laboratory, VOC and Perchlorate Laboratory, and Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers Laboratory), and Brown University (Center for Environmental Health and Technology) for the timely analyses of collected environmental and personal samples. We appreciate the assistance of Ms. Alexis Maule in helping to prepare this manuscript for submission. This work was supported by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command/Neurotoxin Exposure Treatment Program (NETRP) through a grant award (W81XWH-06-1-0105: PI: S. P. Proctor) to the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 6 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.06.010 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 847VK UT WOS:000297000400014 PM 21824494 ER PT J AU Goolsby, J AF Goolsby, Jesse TI Resurrecting a Body Half SO LITERARY REVIEW LA English DT Fiction, Creative Prose C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Goolsby, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIV LITERARY REV PI MADISON PA 285 MADISON AVE, MADISON, NJ 07940 USA SN 0024-4589 J9 LITERARY REV JI Lit. Rev. PD WIN PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 PG 8 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA V35PN UT WOS:000209161100035 ER PT J AU Trickler, WJ Lantz, SM Murdock, RC Schrand, AM Robinson, BL Newport, GD Schlager, JJ Oldenburg, SJ Paule, MG Slikker, W Hussain, SM Ali, SF AF Trickler, William J. Lantz, Susan M. Murdock, Richard C. Schrand, Amanda M. Robinson, Bonnie L. Newport, Glenn D. Schlager, John J. Oldenburg, Steven J. Paule, Merle G. Slikker, William, Jr. Hussain, Saber M. Ali, Syed F. TI Brain microvessel endothelial cells responses to gold nanoparticles: In vitro pro-inflammatory mediators and permeability SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blood-brain-barrier; neuroinflammation; gold nanoparticles; brain microvessel endothelial cells; neurotoxicity ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BARRIER PERMEABILITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; RAT-BRAIN; TNF-ALPHA; EXPOSURE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; INCREASES; COMPLEXES AB This report examined blood-brain barrier (BBB) related proinflammatory mediators and permeability changes in response to various sized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) (3, 5, 7, 10, 30 and 60 nm) in vitro using primary rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMEC). The Au-NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The accumulation of Au-NPs was determined spectrophotometrically. The rBMEC cytotoxicity of Au-NPs was evaluated by cell proliferation assay (XTT) (concentration range 0.24-15.63 mu g/cm(2), for 24 h). The time-dependent changes (0, 2, 4 and 8 h) of several proinflammatory mediators (IL-1 beta, IL-2, TNF alpha and PGE(2)) were evaluated by ELISA. The smaller Au-NPs (3-7 nm) showed higher rBMEC accumulation compared to larger Au-NPs (10-60 nm), while only moderate decreased cell viability was observed with small Au-NPs (3 nm) at high concentrations (>= 7.8 mu g/cm(2)). Even though slight changes in cell viability were observed with small Au-NPs, the basal levels of the various proinflammatory mediators remained unchanged with all treatments except LPS (positive control). rBMEC morphology appeared unaffected 24 h after exposure to Au-NPs with only mild changes in fluorescein permeability indicating BBB integrity was unaltered. Together, these data suggest the responses of the cerebral microvasculature to Au-NPs have a significant relationship with the Au-NPs unique size-dependent physiochemical properties. C1 [Trickler, William J.; Lantz, Susan M.; Robinson, Bonnie L.; Newport, Glenn D.; Paule, Merle G.; Slikker, William, Jr.; Ali, Syed F.] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res FDA, Div Neurotoxicol, Neurochem Lab, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Murdock, Richard C.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oldenburg, Steven J.] NanoComposix Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ali, SF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res FDA, Div Neurotoxicol, Neurochem Lab, HFT 132,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM syed.ali@fda.hhs.gov FU U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA; U. S. Department of Energy, U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory/RHPB; U. S. Food and Drug Administration/NCTR FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program with the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA (Jefferson, AR) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Oak Ridge, TN) through an interagency agreement between U. S. Department of Energy, U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory/RHPB and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration/NCTR. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 479 EP 492 DI 10.3109/17435390.2010.540356 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 842WS UT WOS:000296633100003 PM 21175299 ER PT J AU Nishanth, RP Jyotsna, RG Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM Reddanna, P AF Nishanth, Reddy P. Jyotsna, Radhika G. Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. Reddanna, Pallu TI Inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophages upon exposure to nanoparticles: Role of ROS-NF kappa B signaling pathway SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; inflammation; ROS; NF-kappa B; cyclooxygenase-2 ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARBON-BLACK; IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CELLULAR TOXICITY; DNA-BINDING; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; CELLS AB Recent advances in particle-forming chemistries used for developing nanotechnology has not only widened novel applications for nanoscale materials but also has provided significant concern regarding their biological effects. The present study investigates the inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages exposed to nanoparticles (NPs, 5 mu g/ml) of varied sizes including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), carbon black (CB), carbon-coated silver (CAg) and gold (Au). A significant increase in IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression was observed in macrophages with maximum response found in cells exposed to Ag NPs followed by Al, CB and CAg. These pro-inflammatory effects of NPs were dependent on size and duration of exposure and comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known inflammatory mediator. Au NPs, on the other hand, induced small but significant inflammatory responses in macrophages upon prolonged exposure. These studies reveal that Ag NPs exhibit higher propensity in inducing inflammation, mediated by ROS and NF-kappa B signaling pathways and leading to the induction of COX-2, TNF-alpha and IL-6. However, no such prominent pro-inflammatory responses were observed with Au NPs, suggesting their bio-compatibility. C1 [Nishanth, Reddy P.; Jyotsna, Radhika G.; Reddanna, Pallu] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Life Sci, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Reddanna, P (reprint author), Univ Hyderabad, Sch Life Sci, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM prsl@uohyd.ernet.in FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD), USA [FA4869-07-1-0017]; Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India [IR/S5/IU-01/2006] FX We sincerely acknowledge Dr Steve and Dr Neigh of Nanocomposix (USA), Dr Himabindu and Dr Vivek of JNTU-H (India) for supplying NPs. We also duly acknowledge the support of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India, for providing a Senior Research Fellowship to Reddy P. Nishanth.; This work was supported by research grants (Grant No. FA4869-07-1-0017) from the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD), USA, and from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Nano Project (Grant No. IR/S5/IU-01/2006) Govt. of India. The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 45 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 26 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 502 EP 516 DI 10.3109/17435390.2010.541604 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 842WS UT WOS:000296633100005 PM 21417802 ER PT J AU Przybyla, CP McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, Craig P. McDowell, David L. TI Simulated microstructure-sensitive extreme value probabilities for high cycle fatigue of duplex Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE High cycle fatigue; Extreme value statistics; Ti-6Al-4V; Microstructure; Crystal plasticity ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR DISTANCES; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; CRACK NUCLEATION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; LIFE-PREDICTION; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; DWELL FATIGUE AB A newly developed microstructure-sensitive extreme value probabilistic framework to characterize the performance/variability for damage evolution processes is exercised to compare the driving forces for fatigue crack formation (nucleation and early growth) at room temperature for four different microstructure variants of a duplex Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The aforementioned probabilistic framework links certain extreme value fatigue response parameters with microstructure attributes at fatigue critical sites through the use of marked correlation functions. By applying this framework to study the driving forces for fatigue crack formation in these microstructure variants of Ti-6Al-4V, these microstructures can be ranked in terms of relative high cycle fatigue (HCF) performance and the correlated microstructure attributes that have the most influence on the predicted fatigue response can be identified. Nonlocal fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) based on the cyclic plastic strain averaged over domains on the length scale of the microstructure attributes (e.g., grains, phases) are used to estimate the driving force(s) for fatigue crack formation at the grain scale. By simulating multiple statistical volume elements (SVEs) using crystal plasticity constitutive relations, extreme value distributions of the predicted driving forces for fatigue crack formation are estimated using these FIPs. This strategy of using multiple SVEs contrasts with simulation based on a single representative volume element (RVE), which is often untenably large when considering extreme value responses. The simulations demonstrate that microstructures with smaller relative primary a grain sizes and lower volume fractions of the primary a grains tend to exhibit less variability and smaller magnitudes of the driving forces for fatigue crack formation. The extreme value FIPs are predicted to most likely occur at clusters of primary a grains oriented for easy basal slip. Additionally, surrounding grains/phases with soft orientation shed load to less favorably oriented primary a grains, producing extreme value FIPs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Przybyla, Craig P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Przybyla, CP (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cpriz@gatech.edu FU NSF Center for Computational Materials Design [NSF IIP-0541678] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the NSF Center for Computational Materials Design (NSF IIP-0541678) a joint Penn State-Georgia Tech I/UCRC, for development of extreme value HCF and VHCF statistical methods informed by microstructure-sensitive computational models. In addition, Craig P. Przybyla is grateful for the financial support of the Graduate Coop Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Simulations were performed using the AFRL DOD Supercomputing Resource Center. Values for the grain sizes and volume fractions used in this study were supplied by Boeing. The authors are also grateful for additional support of the Carter N. Paden, Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing in early stages of this work. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 27 IS 12 SI SI BP 1871 EP 1895 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.01.006 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 843QV UT WOS:000296688200002 ER PT J AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. TI Using Alpha Shapes to Approximate Signal Strength Based Positioning Performance SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Alpha hull; alpha shape; Cramer-Rao lower bound; received signal strength ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; SENSOR NETWORKS AB Received signal strength (RSS) is a common tool for locating a transmitter via a sensor network. It is considered common knowledge that RSS performs well if the transmitter is inside the convex hull of the sensor network, and poorly otherwise. However, this positioning rule of thumb is binary, vague, and not always accurate. In this letter, we consider the alpha shape, which is a generalization of the concept of a convex hull. We show that the alpha shape gives a more accurate estimate of localization performance than the convex hull, and we show how to use it to obtain a quasi-continuous and quantitative (rather than binary and qualitative) estimate of a sensor network's performance. We then compare this rule of thumb to more detailed, computationally intensive performance limits generated by the Cramer-Rao lower bound, with very good agreement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate FX Manuscript received August 31, 2011; accepted October 15, 2011. Date of publication October 21, 2011; date of current version October 31, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Aleksandar Dogandzic. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 18 IS 12 BP 741 EP 744 DI 10.1109/LSP.2011.2173193 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 840VO UT WOS:000296469700005 ER PT J AU Simon, GK Maruyama, B Durstock, MF Burton, DJ Goswami, T AF Simon, Gerard K. Maruyama, Benji Durstock, Michael F. Burton, David J. Goswami, Tarun TI Silicon-coated carbon nanofiber hierarchical nanostructures for improved lithium-ion battery anodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion battery; Anode; Silicon; Carbon nanofibers; Hierarchical ID NANOCOMPOSITE ANODES; NANOWIRES; SI; NANOTUBES; INSERTION; GRAPHITE; GROWTH AB Silicon-coated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are a viable method of exploiting silicon's capacity in a battery anode while ameliorating the complications of silicon expansion as it alloys with lithium. Silicon-coated CNFs were fabricated through chemical vapor deposition and deposited onto a carbon fiber mesh. This novel anode material demonstrated a capacity of 954 mAh g(-1) in the first cycle, but faded to 766 mAh g(-1) after 20 cycles. Structural characterization of the samples before and after cycling was carried out using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggest that a portion of the fade may be due to separation of the silicon coating from the CNFs. Enough silicon remains in contact with the conductive network of CNFs to allow a usable reversible capacity that well exceeds that of graphite. An anode of this material can double the capacity of a lithium-ion battery or allow a 14% weight reduction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Simon, Gerard K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maruyama, Benji; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burton, David J.] Appl Sci Inc, Cedarville, OH 45014 USA. [Simon, Gerard K.; Goswami, Tarun] Wright State Univ, Russ Engn Ctr 207, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Simon, GK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL RXBC, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gerard.simon@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 23 BP 10254 EP 10257 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.058 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 837PV UT WOS:000296216600057 ER PT J AU Kennedy, KT Deckro, RF Moore, JT Hopkinson, KM AF Kennedy, Kevin T. Deckro, Richard F. Moore, James T. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. TI Nodal interdiction SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Networks; Interdiction; Bilevel programming ID NETWORK-INTERDICTION AB This study extends network interdiction to directly include node interdiction. Current interdiction literature focuses primarily on arcs/edges. Traditional network interdiction generally incorporates nodes by replacing each node with two artificial nodes and an artificial link; this is followed by a links interdiction approach. However, this increases the size of the network, and in some cases may not be intuitive to the decision maker. To more directly represent nodes to target/protect, a formulation that explicitly considers nodes is proposed and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Kennedy, Kevin T.] 3rd Air Force, Unit 3050, APO, AE 09094 USA. [Deckro, Richard F.; Moore, James T.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kennedy, KT (reprint author), 3rd Air Force, Unit 3050, Box 170, APO, AE 09094 USA. EM kevin.kennedy.4@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 11-12 BP 3116 EP 3125 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2011.07.041 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 831GJ UT WOS:000295716700056 ER PT J AU Stefik, A Hundhausen, C Patterson, R AF Stefik, Andreas Hundhausen, Christopher Patterson, Robert TI An empirical investigation into the design of auditory cues to enhance computer program comprehension SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Auditory programming; Programming; Debugging; Program comprehension ID ENVIRONMENTS; LANGUAGES; BARRIERS; SYSTEM AB Decades of research have led to notable improvements in the representations used to aid human comprehension of computer programs. Much of this research has focused on visual representations, which leaves open the question of how best to design auditory representations of computer programs. While this question has particular relevance for visually impaired programmers, sighted programmers might also benefit from enhanced auditory representations of their programs. In order to investigate this question empirically, first, we introduce artifact encoding, a novel approach to rigorously measuring the comprehensibility of auditory representations of computer programs. Using this approach as a foundation, we present an experimental study that compared the comprehensibility of two alternative auditory program representations: one with lexical scoping cues that convey the nesting level of program statements, and another without such scoping cues. The results of our first experiment validate both artifact encoding and the scoping cues we used. To see whether auditory cues validated through our paradigm can aid program comprehension in a realistic task scenario, we experimentally compared programmers' ability to debug programs using three alternative environments: (1) an auditory execution environment with our empirically derived auditory cues; (2) an auditory execution environment with the current state-of-the-art auditory cues generated by a screen reader running on top of Microsoft Visual Studio; and (3) a visual version of the execution environment. The results of our second experiment showed that our comprehensible auditory cues are significantly better than the state-of-the-art, affording human performance approaching the effectiveness of visual representations within the statistical margin of error. This research contributes a novel methodology and foundational empirical data that can guide the design of effective auditory representations of computer programs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stefik, Andreas] So Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Dept Comp Sci, Edwardsville, IL USA. [Hundhausen, Christopher] Washington State Univ, Human Ctr Environm Learning & Programming HELP La, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Patterson, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stefik, A (reprint author), So Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Dept Comp Sci, Edwardsville, IL USA. EM stefika@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0940521] FX We would like to thank the contributors to the Sodbeans project for their help with creating our technology, especially Richard Most and Sina Bahram. We would also like to thank the Washington State School for the Blind for their help in brainstorming ideas on how to improve our tools and we appreciate the extraordinary technical expertise of Tim Boudreau (Previously with Oracle) and Tom Wheeler (A NetBeans Platform expert), who have helped make the NetBeans platform integration possible. And we extend our thanks to Central Washington University, especially Ed Gellenbeck, who helped us to prepare for our artifact encoding study. Finally, we wish to express gratitude to the National Science Foundation under award (CNS-0940521) and the school of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University for their generous support of this work. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 69 IS 12 BP 820 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.07.002 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 836PL UT WOS:000296123500003 ER PT J AU Singh, D Murthy, JY Fisher, TS AF Singh, Dhruv Murthy, Jayathi Y. Fisher, Timothy S. TI Effect of Phonon Dispersion on Thermal Conduction Across Si/Ge Interfaces SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE superlattices; diffuse mismatch model; ballistic-diffusive transition; phonon scattering; interfacial thermal resistance ID SUPERLATTICE NANOWIRES; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; SIMULATION; SI; SCATTERING; NANOTUBES; DYNAMICS; SI/SIGE AB We report finite-volume simulations of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for heat conduction across the heterogeneous interfaces in SiGe superlattices. The diffuse mismatch model incorporating phonon dispersion and polarization is implemented over a wide range of Knudsen numbers. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of a Si/Ge superlattice is much lower than that of the constitutive bulk materials for superlattice periods in the submicron regime. We report results for effective thermal conductivity of various material volume fractions and superlattice periods. Details of the nonequilibrium energy exchange between optical and acoustic phonons that originate from the mismatch of phonon spectra in silicon and germanium are delineated for the first time. Conditions are identified for which this effect can produce significantly more thermal resistance than that due to boundary scattering of phonons. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004429] C1 [Singh, Dhruv; Murthy, Jayathi Y.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Singh, Dhruv; Murthy, Jayathi Y.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Singh, Dhruv; Murthy, Jayathi Y.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murthy, JY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM singh36@purdue.edu; jmurthy@ecn.purdue.edu; tsfisher@ecn.purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU DARPA; IMPACT Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) [DE-FC52-08NA2861] FX J. Murthy and D. Singh wish to acknowledge use of Purdue's nanoHUB (http://www.nanohub.org) and support from the DARPA-funded IMPACT Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Support of J. Murthy by the Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) under award no: DE-FC52-08NA2861 is also acknowledged. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 37 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2011 VL 133 IS 12 AR 122401 DI 10.1115/1.4004429 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 833JS UT WOS:000295881500010 ER PT J AU Robbins, MJ Jacobson, SH AF Robbins, Matthew J. Jacobson, Sheldon H. TI Pediatric vaccine procurement policy: The monopsonist's problem SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Operational/OR; Policy analysis; Mathematical programming; Cost models ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; SELECTION; ALGORITHM AB Vaccination against infectious disease is an extremely important public health endeavor. Yet, in the past 40 years, the manufacture of pediatric vaccines has become less profitable due to rising costs and limited demand, inducing many pharmaceutical companies to leave the market. To ensure the safe, secure, and reliable provision of vaccines, the economic interests of the vaccine industry must be considered by public health policy makers. The monopsonistic market power of the federal government uniquely positions it to significantly influence the pediatric vaccine market by negotiating contractual agreements that increase the vaccine manufacturers' financial incentives to remain in the market. The Monopsonist Vaccine Formulary Pricing and Purchasing Problem (MVF3P) is introduced, which seeks pediatric vaccine prices and purchase quantities that ensure a birth cohort is fully immunized according to the recommended childhood immunization schedule at an overall minimum system cost while also ensuring that vaccine manufacturers each attain a reservation profit level. The practical value of MVF3P is demonstrated by analyzing and assessing pricing and purchasing policies that the Centers for Disease Control could adopt in attempting to actively manage the long-term provision of pediatric vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Robbins, Matthew J.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Robbins, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Robbins@afit.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0457176]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0232, FA9550-10-1-0387] FX The authors would like to thank Bruce G. Weniger, M.D., M.P.H., Chief, Vaccine Technology Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for his long-standing encouragement and feedback on this line of research. The authors would also like to thank Edward C. Sewell for his assistance with earlier drafts of this manuscript as well as three anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions that resulted in a significantly improved manuscript. This research has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (DMI-0457176). The second author was also supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-07-1-0232, FA9550-10-1-0387). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, or the United States Government. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 39 IS 6 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.omega.2010.12.004 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 773FR UT WOS:000291292900001 ER PT J AU Gibson, DB AF Gibson, Douglas B. TI A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neuroscience. SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gibson, Douglas B.] USAF, Surg Gen Off, AFMSA SGR, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Gibson, DB (reprint author), USAF, Surg Gen Off, AFMSA SGR, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5061 J9 J HIST BEHAV SCI JI J. Hist. Behav. Sci. PD WIN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1002/jhbs.20479 PG 2 WC History Of Social Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 710YQ UT WOS:000286553300012 ER PT J AU Thomas, AG Tran, BR Cranston, M Brown, MC Kumar, R Tlelai, M AF Thomas, Anne Goldzier Tran, Bonnie Robin Cranston, Marcus Brown, Malerato Cecilia Kumar, Rajiv Tlelai, Matsotetsi TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Circumcision Self-Report and Physical Examination Findings in Lesotho SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENT HIV-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; EASTERN CAPE; MEN; PREVENTION; TANZANIA; UGANDA; KENYA; COMPLICATIONS; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Overwhelming evidence, including three clinical trials, shows that male circumcision (MC) reduces the risk of HIV infection among men. However, data from recent Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys do not demonstrate MC to be protective against HIV. These contradictory findings could partially be due to inaccurate self-reported MC status used to estimate MC prevalence. This study describes MC characteristics among men applying for Lesotho Defence Force recruitment and seeks to assess MC self-reported accuracy through comparison with physical-examination-based data. Methods and Findings: During Lesotho Defence Force applicant screening in 2009, 241 (77%) of 312 men, aged 18-25 y, consented to a self-administered demographic and MC characteristic survey and physician-performed genital examination. The extent of foreskin removal was graded on a scale of 1 (no evidence of MC) to 4 (complete MC). MC was self-reported by 27% (n = 64/239) of participants. Of the 64 men self-reporting being circumcised, physical exam showed that 23% had no evidence of circumcision, 27% had partial circumcision, and 50% had complete circumcision. Of the MCs reportedly performed by a medical provider, 3% were Grade 1 and 73% were Grade 4. Of the MCs reportedly performed by traditional circumcisers, 41% were Grade 1, while 28% were Grade 4. Among participants self-reporting being circumcised, the odds of MC status misclassification were seven times higher among those reportedly circumcised by initiation school personnel (odds ratio = 7.22; 95% CI = 2.29-22.75). Conclusions: Approximately 27% of participants self-reported being circumcised. However, only 50% of these men had complete MC as determined by a physical exam. Given this low MC self-report accuracy, countries scaling up voluntary medical MC (VMMC) should obtain physical-exam-based MC data to guide service delivery and cost estimates. HIV prevention messages promoting VMMC should provide comprehensive education regarding the definition of VMMC. C1 [Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Tran, Bonnie Robin] USN, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. [Cranston, Marcus] USAF, Dept Def, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Brown, Malerato Cecilia] US Embassy, US Presidents Emergency Plan AIDS Relif Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho. [Kumar, Rajiv] Indian Armed Forces, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Tlelai, Matsotetsi] Lesotho Def Force, Maseru, Lesotho. RP Thomas, AG (reprint author), USN, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. EM anne.thomas@med.navy.mil FU PEPFAR FX Our program is supported by PEPFAR. DoD/DHAPP is a USG PEPFAR implementing agency. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 29 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27561 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027561 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863LT UT WOS:000298166300006 PM 22140449 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Roy, S Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Miller, Joseph D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. TI Communication: Time-domain measurement of high-pressure N-2 and O-2 self-broadened linewidths using hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ROTATIONAL CARS; Q-BRANCH; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN AB The direct measurement of self-broadened linewidths using the time decay of pure-rotational hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps RCARS) signals is demonstrated in gas-phase N-2 and O-2 from 1-20 atm. Using fs pump and Stokes pulses and a spectrally narrowed ps probe pulse, collisional dephasing rates with time constants as short as 2.5 ps are captured with high accuracy for individual rotational transitions. S-branch linewidths of N-2 and O-2 from similar to 0.06 to 2.2 cm(-1) and the line separation of O-2 triplet states are obtained from the measured dephasing rates and compared with high-resolution, frequency-domain measurements and S-branch approximations using the modified exponential gap model. The accuracy of the current measurements suggests that the fs/ps RCARS approach is well suited for tracking the collisional dynamics of gas-phase mixtures over a wide range of pressures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3665932] C1 [Miller, Joseph D.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Grad Sch Adv Opt Technol SAOT, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1056006]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1056006, Dr. A. Atreya, Program Official) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. R. Parra and Dr. C. Li, Program Managers). J. Miller was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. The authors also thank C. Dedic, M. Johnson, and B. Halls of Iowa State University. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 20 AR 201104 DI 10.1063/1.3665932 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860JM UT WOS:000297944600004 PM 22128921 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Woodward, CF AF Senkov, O. N. Woodward, C. F. TI Microstructure and properties of a refractory NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Alloy design; High entropy alloy; Crystallography; Microstructure; Mechanical properties ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; ENGINE; NB AB A new refractory alloy, Nb(20)Cr(20)Mo(10)Ta(10)TinZr(20), was produced by vacuum arc melting. To close shrinkage porosity, it was hot isostatically pressed (HIPd) at T = 1723 K and P = 207 MPa for 3 h. In both as-solidified and HIPd conditions, the alloy contained three phases: two body centered cubic (BCC1 and BCC2) and one face centered cubic (FCC). The BCC1 phase was enriched with Nb. Mo and Ta and depleted with Zr and Cr, and its lattice parameter after HIP was a = 324.76 +/- 0.16 pm. The BCC2 phase was enriched with Zr and Ti and considerably depleted with Mo. Cr and Ta, and its lattice parameter after HIP was estimated to be a = 341.0 +/- 1.0 pm. The FCC phase was highly enriched with Cr and it was identified as a Laves C15 phase, (Zr,Ta)(Cr,Mo,Nb)(2), with the lattice parameter a = 733.38 +/- 0.18 pm. The volume fractions of the BCC1, BCC2 and FCC phases were 67%, 16% and 17%, respectively. The alloy density and Vickers microhardness were rho = 8.23 +/- 0.01 g/cm(3) and H-upsilon = 5288 +/- 71 MPa. The alloy had compression yield strength of 1595 MPa at 296 K, 983 MPa at 1073K, 546 MPa at 1273 K and 171 MPa at 1473 K. During deformation at 296K and 1073 K. the alloy showed a mixture of ductile and brittle fracture after plastic compression strain of similar to 5-6%. No macroscopic fracture was observed after 50% compression strain at 1273K and 1473K. Phase transformations and particle coarsening considerably accelerated by the plastic deformation occurred in the temperature range of 1073-1473 K. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Senkov, O. N.; Woodward, C. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Discussions with Drs. D.M. Dimiduk, F. Meisenkothen, D.B. Miracle, T.A. Parthasarathy, A.A. Salem, G.B. Viswanathan, and G.B. Wilks are recognized. Technical help from T.A. Goff (arc melting), J.M. Scott (mechanical testing) and S.V. Senkova (SEM) is acknowledged. This work was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Ali Sayir, Program Manager) and through the USAF Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 15 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 529 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.033 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 852XV UT WOS:000297391700042 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Gurvich, MR Mollenhauer, DH Rose, CA Davila, CG AF Iarve, Endel V. Gurvich, Mark R. Mollenhauer, David H. Rose, Cheryl A. Davila, Carlos G. TI Mesh-independent matrix cracking and delamination modeling in laminated composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE composite; mesh independent cracking; delamination; failure ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; PART I; DISCONTINUITIES; MICROMECHANICS; SIMULATION; SPECIMENS; FAILURE; LAW AB The initiation and evolution of transverse matrix cracks and delaminations are predicted within a mesh-independent cracking (MIC) framework. MIC is a regularized extended finite element method (x-FEM) that allows the insertion of cracks in directions that are independent of the mesh orientation. The Heaviside step function that is typically used to introduce a displacement discontinuity across a crack surface is replaced by a continuous function approximated by using the original displacement shape functions. Such regularization allows the preservation of the Gaussian integration schema regardless of the enrichment required to model cracking in an arbitrary direction. The interaction between plies is anchored on the integration point distribution, which remains constant through the entire simulation. Initiation and propagation of delaminations between plies as well as intra-ply MIC opening is implemented by using a mixed-mode cohesive formulation in a fully three-dimensional model that includes residual thermal stresses. The validity of the proposed methodology was tested against a variety of problems ranging from simple evolution of delamination from existing transverse cracks to strength predictions of complex laminates without a priori knowledge of damage location or initiation. Good agreement with conventional numerical solutions and/or experimental data was observed in all the problems considered. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Iarve, Endel V.; Mollenhauer, David H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iarve, Endel V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gurvich, Mark R.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Rose, Cheryl A.; Davila, Carlos G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil RI Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011 FU NASA AAD-2 [NNX08AB05A-G]; AFRL [FA8650-05-D-5052]; University of Dayton Research Institute FX The work was funded under NASA AAD-2 contract number NNX08AB05A-G and partially by AFRL contract FA8650-05-D-5052 with the University of Dayton Research Institute. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 749 EP 773 DI 10.1002/nme.3195 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 847YR UT WOS:000297012500002 ER PT J AU Hooper, JB Borodin, O Schneider, S AF Hooper, Justin B. Borodin, Oleg Schneider, Stefan TI Insight into Hydrazinium Nitrates, Azides, Dicyanamide, and 5-Azidotetrazolate Ionic Materials from Simulations and Experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR POLARIZABILITIES; LIQUIDS; DERIVATIVES; DYNAMICS; MODEL; SYSTEMS; SALTS AB A transferrable, polarizable, quantum chemistry (QC) based force field has been developed for hydrazinium (N(2)H(5)(+)), monomethylhydrazinium ((CH(3))N(2)H(4)(+)), and dimethylhydrazinium ((CH(3))(2)N(2)H(3)(+)) cations in combination with the nitrate (NO(3)), azide (N(3)(-)), dicyanamide (N(CN)(2)(-)), and 5-azidotetrazolate (CN(7)(-)) anions. Inclusion of the off-atom charge center to represent a lone pair on the hydrazinium-based cations significantly improved the electrostatic potential description around cations and led to overall a more accurate prediction of ionic crystal cell parameters in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Seven different ionic systems have been investigated: [N(2)H(5)][NO(3)], [(CH(3))N(2)H(4)][NO(3)], [(CH(3))(2)N(2)H(3)][NO(3)], [N(2)H(5)][CN(7)], [(CH(3))N(2)H(4)] [N(3)], [(CH(3))(2)N(2)H(3)] [N(3)], [N(2)H(5)]-[N(CN)(2)]. For all but [(CH(3))(2)N(2)H(3)][NO(3)] and [N(2)H(5)][N(CN)(2)], QC calculations of a single, gas-phase ion pair predicts spontaneous deprotonation of the cation. Crystal lattice parameters' obtained from MD simulations for these seven ionic crystals were compared with the previously published experimental data as well as the crystal structure of [N(2)H(5)] [N(CN)(2)] determined in this work from X-ray data. In general, MD simulations predicted crystal lattice vectors/angles (volumes) within a 5% (3%) absolute margin of error from experiments, with outlying volume deviations of 5-6.6% for three crystals [(CH(3))N(2)H(4)] [N(3)], [N(2)H(5)][NO(3)], and [(CH(3))N(2)H(4)] [NO(3)] with combinations of particularly small anions and/or cations. Structural comparisons between ionic materials in the liquid and crystalline states are made, including the observation of two crystalline systems where the crystalline state induces conformational changes in the methylated hydrazinium cations between the gas-phase and liquid states. Elastic constants and estimated shear and bulk moduli were extracted from MD simulations for all seven ionic crystals and correlated with the structural motifs of ion interactions in the crystals. C1 [Hooper, Justin B.; Borodin, Oleg] Wasatch Mol Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Borodin, Oleg] USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Schneider, Stefan] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hooper, JB (reprint author), Wasatch Mol Inc, 2141 St Marys Dr,Suite 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM jbhooper@wasatchmolecular.com RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-C-0110, FA9300-06-C-0023] FX Financial support of this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Mike Berman) through Contracts FA9550-09-C-0110 and FA9300-06-C-0023. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Air Force. J.B.H. and O.B. thank Prof. T. D. Sewell for his helpful discussion regarding calculation of mechanical properties. Computational resources provided through the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) are highly appreciated. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 46 BP 13578 EP 13592 DI 10.1021/jp2044064 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 847VO UT WOS:000297000800019 PM 22035180 ER PT J AU Joshi, P Shewale, V Pandey, R Shanker, V Hussain, S Karna, SP AF Joshi, Prachi Shewale, Vasundhara Pandey, Ravindra Shanker, Virendra Hussain, Saber Karna, Shashi P. TI Tryptophan-Gold Nanoparticle Interaction: A First-Principles Quantum Mechanical Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; FLUORESCENCE; SURFACE; WATER; SIZE; DFT AB The nature of interaction between tryptophan (Trp) and gold (Au) nanoparticles is studied using first-principles density functional theory calculations and described in terms of equilibrium configurations, interaction energies, density of states, molecular orbitals, and charge density. The calculated results find the binding involving both carboxyl and indole functional groups with mixed salt-bridge and charge-solvation structure to be energetically preferred and is attributed to the stronger-than-expected pi interactions facilitated by the indole group in Trp. In the Trp-Au conjugates, modification of the molecular orbitals associated with Trp occurs because states associated with Au and the hybrid orbitals have mixed metal-molecule character. We find that the nonradiative energy transfer from excited states of Trp to hybrid states of Trp-Au may reduce intrinsic fluorescence intensity of Trp in the conjugated system. C1 [Joshi, Prachi; Shewale, Vasundhara; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Joshi, Prachi; Shanker, Virendra] Natl Phys Lab CSIR, New Delhi 110012, India. [Hussain, Saber] USAF, Res Lab HEPB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, ATTN RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Joshi, P (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM joship@nplindia.org; pandey@mtu.edu FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [611-243-2AFWP-00-104583] FX We acknowledge the support from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (611-243-2AFWP-00-104583). P.J. and V.S. thank Saikat Mukhopadhyay, Xiaoliang Zhong, and Sankar Gowtham for their help and also acknowledge the support received during their stay at Michigan Technological University. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 46 BP 22818 EP 22826 DI 10.1021/jp2070437 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 847VQ UT WOS:000297001000017 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, T Pfaff, RF Roddy, PA Yamamoto, M Otsuka, Y AF Yokoyama, T. Pfaff, R. F. Roddy, P. A. Yamamoto, M. Otsuka, Y. TI On postmidnight low-latitude ionospheric irregularities during solar minimum: 2. C/NOFS observations and comparisons with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGION PLASMA DRIFTS; MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERE; SPREAD-F; JICAMARCA AB A detailed comparison between the observations of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite and the 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in West Sumatra, Indonesia (10.36 degrees S dip latitude) on the postmidnight irregularities is presented. The zonal and meridional E x B drift velocities measured by the vector electric field instrument on the C/NOFS are consistent with the westward propagation of backscatter echoes and the line-of-sight Doppler velocities observed with the EAR, respectively. The plasma density depletions are observed in the postmidnight sector for several consecutive orbits, which suggests the depletions grow slowly during the premidnight period and reach the spacecraft altitude around local midnight. The convergence of the equatorward wind which could be responsible for the midnight temperature maximum may produce a preferable condition for the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability around midnight. Electric field fluctuations of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances may play an important role in seeding the instability. Both equatorial and midlatitude-type plasma instabilities could be operational at the EAR latitude sector, which together would foster a high occurrence of postmidnight irregularities during solar minimum. C1 [Yokoyama, T.; Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yokoyama, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary & Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Roddy, P. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Yamamoto, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Otsuka, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Yokoyama, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tatsuhiro.yokoyama@nasa.gov RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU U.S. Air Force FX The C/NOFS mission, conceived and developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory, is sponsored and executed by the U.S. Air Force Space Test Program. This research was carried out by the collaborative research program of the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University. The operation of EAR is based on the agreement between RISH and LAPAN signed on 8 September 2000. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A11326 DI 10.1029/2011JA016798 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 853IW UT WOS:000297420400002 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Bottom, A Zhang, ZL Ombrello, TM Katta, VR AF Wu, Yue Bottom, Andrew Zhang, Zhili Ombrello, Timothy M. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Direct measurement of methyl radicals in a methane/air flame at atmospheric pressure by radar REMPI SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; RYDBERG STATE; AIR; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; 2-COLOR; FLOWS AB We report the direct measurements of methyl radicals (CH3) in methane/air flames at atmospheric pressure by using coherent microwave Rayleigh scattering (Radar) from Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization (REMPI), also known as the Radar REMPI technique. A tunable dye laser was used to selectively induce the (2 + 1) REMPI ionization of methyl radicals (CH3, 3 p(2) A ''(2)0(0)(0) band) in a near adiabatic and premixed laminar methane/air flame, generated by a Hencken burner. In situ measurements of the REMPI electrons were made by non-intrusively using a microwave homodyne transceiver detection system. The REMPI spectrum of the CH3 radical was obtained and a spatial distribution of the radicals limited by focused laser beam geometry, approximately 20 mu m normal to the flame front and 2.4 mm parallel to the flame, was determined. The measured CH3 was in good agreement with numerical simulations performed using the detailed kinetic mechanism of GRI-3.0. To the authors' knowledge, these experiments represent the first directly-measured spatially-resolved CH3 in a flame at atmospheric pressure. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Wu, Yue; Bottom, Andrew; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523] FX Funding for this research at the University of Tennessee Knoxville was provided by NSF CBET-1032523. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 24 BP 23997 EP 24004 DI 10.1364/OE.19.023997 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 865PE UT WOS:000298322000036 PM 22109424 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Basun, SA Cook, G Pinkevych, IP Reshetnyak, VY AF Evans, D. R. Basun, S. A. Cook, G. Pinkevych, I. P. Reshetnyak, V. Yu TI Electric field interactions and aggregation dynamics of ferroelectric nanoparticles in isotropic fluid suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIPOLAR FLUIDS; LIGHT AB Stressed ferroelectric nanoparticles have been shown to yield unconventional properties that may open the doors to a variety of new fundamental studies and applications. For many of these new areas understanding particle-to-particle interactions will be a requirement. In this paper, the dynamics of aggregation of stressed ferroelectric nanoparticles as small as 9 nm in diameter are investigated in a nonpolar (isotropic) fluid, with the concentration of nanoparticles varying by four orders of magnitude. We also investigate the dependence on the separation distance between nanoparticles and how the field interactions between nanoparticles results in single species (i.e. dipoles) and higher-order aggregates. A theoretical model that accounts for three types of nanoparticles species, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, describes the experimental results. Prior published claims of increased aggregation with concentration and decreased aggregation with large ac fields are verified. Dipole moments for different sizes and concentrations of nanoparticles are determined; techniques to obtain an estimation of dipole moments, when the exact size and shape are unknown, are presented. C1 [Evans, D. R.; Basun, S. A.; Cook, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Cook, G.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Pinkevych, I. P.; Reshetnyak, V. Yu] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 FU AFOSR/RSA; EOARD [078001] FX The authors acknowledge the support of AFOSR/RSA. I. P. Pinkevych and V. Yu. Reshetnyak acknowledges support of the EOARD Grant No. 078001. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 17 AR 174111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.174111 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851TS UT WOS:000297294400003 ER PT J AU Fu, YT Zartman, GD Yoonessi, M Drummy, LF Heinz, H AF Fu, Yao-Tsung Zartman, Gregory D. Yoonessi, Mitra Drummy, Lawrence F. Heinz, Hendrik TI Bending of Layered Silicates on the Nanometer Scale: Mechanism, Stored Energy, and Curvature Limits SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HEAD GROUP-STRUCTURE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MONTMORILLONITE CRYSTAL; ELASTIC-MODULI; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; CATION DENSITY AB Bending and failure of aluminosilicate layers are common in polymer matrices although mechanical properties of curved layers and curvature limits are hardly known. We examined the mechanism of bending, the stored energy, and failure of several clay minerals. We employed molecular dynamics simulation, AFM data, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of montmorillonite embedded in epoxy and silk elastin polymer matrices with different weight percentage and different processing conditions. The bending energy per layer area as a function of bending radius can be converted into force constants for a given layer geometry and is similar for minerals of different cation exchange capacity (pyrophyllite, montmorillonite, mica). The bending energy increases from zero for a flat single layer to similar to 10 mJ/m(2) at a bending radius of 20 nm and exceeds 100 mJ/m(2) at a bending radius of 6 nm. The smallest observed curvature of a bent layer is 3 nm. Failure proceeds through kink and split into two straight layers of shorter length. The mechanically stored energy per unit mass in highly bent aluminosilicate layers is close to the electrical energy stored in batteries. Molecular contributions to the bending energy include bond stretching and bending of bond angles in the mineral as well as rearrangements of alkali ions on the surface of the layers. When embedded in polymers, average radii of curvature of aluminosilicates exceed hundreds of nanometers. The small fraction of highly bent layers (<20 nm radius) can be increased by extrusion, especially in stacked layers, and by an increase in weight percentage of layered silicates above 5%. Extrusion also promotes failure and shortening of isolated layers. C1 [Fu, Yao-Tsung; Zartman, Gregory D.; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Yoonessi, Mitra] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Fu, Yao-Tsung/K-9361-2014; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU University of Akron; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DMR-0955071]; Goodyear fellowship FX We are grateful for support by the University of Akron, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the National Science Foundation (DMR-0955071), and allocation of computational resources at the Ohio Supercomputing Center. The NSF-REU program and the Goodyear fellowship are acknowledged by G. D. Zartman. We further acknowledge assistance with materials fabrication and helpful discussions with Hilmar Koerner, David Jacobs, Rajesh Naik, and Richard Vaia (AFRL). NR 65 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 45 BP 22292 EP 22300 DI 10.1021/jp208383f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 843PZ UT WOS:000296685800025 ER PT J AU Leever, BJ Murray, IP Durstock, MF Marks, TJ Hersam, MC AF Leever, Benjamin J. Murray, Ian P. Durstock, Michael F. Marks, Tobin J. Hersam, Mark C. TI Influence of Indium Tin Oxide Surface Treatment on Spatially Localized Photocurrent Variations in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ORGANIZATION; WORK FUNCTION; THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE AB A correlation between anode surface treatment and spatially localized photocurrent variations has been found in bulk heterojunction poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Atomic force photovoltaic microscopy was used to scan arrays of 2 mu m diameter OPV devices with varied indium tin oxide (ITO) surface treatments. The standard deviation of the average photocurrent was found to be 11.4% for devices fabricated on untreated ITO, 8.6% for devices with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interlayer, and 6.7% for devices with a HCl-treated ITO surface. These results suggest that spatial variations in the structure and electronic properties of the anode surface degrade the overall performance of OPVs, including reductions in short-circuit current by up to 20%, thus highlighting the importance of surface treatments that improve the homogeneity of ITO. C1 [Leever, Benjamin J.; Murray, Ian P.; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Murray, Ian P.; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hersam, MC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Ctr, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil; t-marks@northwestern.edu; m-hersam@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009 FU ANSER Energy Frontier Research Center; Department of Energy [DE-SC0001059]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-05-1-0177]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was supported by the ANSER Energy Frontier Research Center (funded by the Department of Energy, grant DE-SC0001059), the Army Research Office (ARO W911NF-05-1-0177), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 45 BP 22688 EP 22694 DI 10.1021/jp209570h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 843PZ UT WOS:000296685800073 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Naik, RR Gehring, P AF Mirau, Peter A. Naik, Rajesh R. Gehring, Patricia TI Structure of Peptides on Metal Oxide Surfaces Probed by NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCE; INORGANIC MATERIALS; RECOGNITION; SILICA; GOLD; SPECIFICITY; ADSORPTION; PALLADIUM; BIOSILICA AB Peptides that bind inorganic surfaces and template the formation of nanometer-sized inorganic particles are of great interest for the self- or directed assembly of nanomaterials for sensors and diagnostic applications. These surface-recognizing peptides can be identified from combinatorial phage-display peptide libraries, but little experimental information is available for understanding the relationship between the peptide sequence, structure at the nanoparticle surface, and function. We have developed NMR methods to determine the structures of peptides bound to inorganic nanoparticles and report on the structure of three peptides bound to silica and titania surfaces. Samples were prepared under conditions leading to rapid peptide exchange at the surface such that solution-based nuclear Overhauser experiments can be used to determine the three-dimensional structure of the bound peptide. The binding motif is defined by a compact "C"-shaped structure for the first six amino acids in the 12-mer. The orientation of the peptide on the nanoparticle surface was determined by magnetization transfer from the nanoparticle surface to the nearby peptide protons. These methods can be applied to a wide variety of abiotic interfaces to provide an insight into the relationship between the primary sequence of peptides and their functionality at the interface. C1 [Mirau, Peter A.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Gehring, Patricia] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 45 BP 18243 EP 18248 DI 10.1021/ja205454t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 852TU UT WOS:000297381200047 PM 21981074 ER PT J AU Li, Q Li, YNA Ma, J Yang, DK White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Li, Quan Li, Yannian Ma, Ji Yang, Deng-Ke White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Directing Dynamic Control of Red, Green, and Blue Reflection Enabled by a Light-Driven Self-Organized Helical Superstructure SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTON-MODE; COLOR; DISPLAY; LASER; MOTOR C1 [Li, Quan; Li, Yannian; Ma, Ji; Yang, Deng-Ke] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Li, Quan; Li, Yannian; Ma, Ji; Yang, Deng-Ke] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0193, FA9950-09-1-0254] FX The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0193 and FA9950-09-1-0254). NR 37 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 43 BP 5069 EP 5073 DI 10.1002/adma.201103362 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 848HN UT WOS:000297042600013 PM 21997861 ER PT J AU Arnold, JJ Williams, PM AF Arnold, James J. Williams, Pamela M. TI Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID EPINEPHRINE; AUTOINJECTORS; ADRENALINE; INJECTION; ALLERGY; LONG; DRUG AB Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that is almost always unanticipated and may lead to death by airway obstruction or vascular collapse. Anaphylaxis occurs as the result of an allergen response, usually immunoglobulin E mediated, which leads to mast cell and basophil activation and a combination of dermatologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms. Dermatologic and respiratory symptoms are most common, occurring in 90 and 70 percent of episodes, respectively. The three most common triggers are food, insect stings, and medications. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is typically made when symptoms occur within one hour of exposure to a specific antigen. Confirmatory testing using serum histamine and tryptase levels is difficult, because blood samples must be drawn with strict time considerations. Allergen skin testing and in vitro assay for serum immunoglobulin E of specific allergens do not reliably predict who will develop anaphylaxis. Administration of intramuscular epinephrine at the onset of anaphylaxis, before respiratory failure or cardiovascular compromise, is essential. Histamine H, receptor antagonists and corticosteroids may be useful adjuncts. All patients at risk of recurrent anaphylaxis should be educated about the appropriate use of prescription epinephrine autoinjectors. (Am Earn Physician. 2011;84 (10):111-11118. Copyright (C) 2011 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Arnold, James J.; Williams, Pamela M.] David Grant Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Arnold, JJ (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM james.arnold.3@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1118 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 980AN UT WOS:000306866100004 PM 22085665 ER PT J AU Stanford, BK Beran, PS AF Stanford, Bret K. Beran, Philip S. TI Cost reduction techniques for the design of non-linear flapping wing structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flapping wings; model reduction; spectral elements; adjoint sensitivities ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; ORDER MODELING APPROACH; FINITE-ELEMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; TIME; AERODYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB This work details a computational framework for gradient-based optimization of a non-linear flapping wing structure with a large number of design variables, where analytical sensitivities of the unsteady finite element system are computed using the adjoint method. Two techniques are used to reduce the large computational cost of this structural design process. The first projects the finite element system onto a reduced basis of POD modes. The second uses a monolithic time formulation with spectral elements, and can be used to compute only the desired time-periodic response. Results are given in terms of the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency of these methods for both system response and adjoint computations, for a variety of mesh/time step refinements, degrees of non-linearity (i.e. weakly or strongly non-linear), and harmonic content. The work concludes with the structural design of a flapping wing: the elastic deformation at the wingtip is minimized through the flapping stroke by varying the thickness of each finite element. Significant improvements in computational cost are obtained at little expense to the accuracy of the results obtained via design optimization. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Stanford, Bret K.; Beran, Philip S.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, BK (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR]; National Research Council at AFRL FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr Fariba Fahroo). The research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 88 IS 6 BP 533 EP 555 DI 10.1002/nme.3185 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 838BW UT WOS:000296262500002 ER PT J AU Yoonessi, M Heinz, H Dang, TD Bai, ZW AF Yoonessi, Mitra Heinz, Hendrik Dang, Thuy D. Bai, Zongwu TI Morphology of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone random copolymer series as proton exchange fuel cells membranes by small angle neutron scattering SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Fuel cells membrane; Morphology; Neutron scattering ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; CLASSICAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS; NAFION MEMBRANES; WATER; MICROEMULSIONS; NANOSTRUCTURE; TRANSPORT; SWOLLEN; SANS AB Sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) copolymers with high proton conductivity (100-215 mS/cm at 65 degrees C, 85% relative humidity) are promising potential proton exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cells. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) of the hydrated SPTES copolymer membranes at 25 degrees C exhibit a nanostructure which can be approximated by correlated polydisperse spherical aggregates containing water molecules with liquid-like ordering (Percus Yevick approximation) and large scale water pockets. The ionic domain radius and the volume packing density of the aggregates present in the hydrated SPTES copolymer membranes at 25 degrees C increased with increasing degree of sulfonation. SPTES-80 with highest degree of sulfonation (71.6%) showed a Guinier plateau at the very low q range (q < 1 x 10(-4) 1/angstrom) indicating presence of isolated large scale morphology (R(g) = 1.3 +/- 0.18 micron). The radius of spherical ionic aggregates present in the hydrated SPTES-50 and SPTES-60 copolymer membranes increased with increasing temperature to 55 degrees C, but the large scale morphology changed to a fractal network. Further increase of the sulfonation degree to 63.3% and 71.6% (SPTES-70 and SPTES-80) resulted in a substantial morphology change of the spherical aggregates to an irregular bicontinuous hydrophobic/hydrophilic morphology for the hydrated SPTES-70 and SPTES-80 copolymer membranes at 55 degrees C. Presence of ionic maxima followed by a power law decay of -4 for SPTES-70 and SPTES-80 copolymer membranes was attributed to the bicontinuous phase morphology at high degree of sulfonation and elevated temperature (55 degrees C). The disruption of the larger scale fractal morphology was characterized by significant decrease in the intermediate scattering intensity. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains were separated distinctly by sulfonic groups at the interface showing as power law decay of -4 for all hydrated SPTES copolymers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoonessi, Mitra] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Yoonessi, Mitra] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Yoonessi, M (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM mitra.yoonessi@nasa.gov RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch; National Institute of Standards and Technology [S18-38]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch for funding this research. Richard A. Vaia, Michael F. Durstock (WPAFB), and Derek Ho (formerly at NIST) are thanked for the technical discussions support. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is thanked for funding (Proposal S18-38) to conduct neutron scattering experiments which were supported by National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-9986442. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 24 BP 5615 EP 5621 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.047 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 846VC UT WOS:000296930300029 ER PT J AU Klukovich, HM Kean, ZS Iacono, ST Craig, SL AF Klukovich, Hope M. Kean, Zachary S. Iacono, Scott T. Craig, Stephen L. TI Mechanically Induced Scission and Subsequent Thermal Remending of Perfluorocyclobutane Polymers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC ETHER POLYMERS; ULTRASONIC DEGRADATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FORCE; ACTIVATION; EXTENSION; CATALYSTS; KINETICS; STRESS; BONDS AB Perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) polymer solutions were subjected to pulsed ultrasound, leading to mechanically induced chain scission and molecular weight degradation. (19)F NMR revealed that the new, mechanically generated end groups are trifluorovinyl ethers formed by cycloreversion of the PFCB groups, a process that differs from thermal degradation pathways, One consequence of the mechanochemical process is that the trifluorovinyl ether end groups, can be rememded simply by subjecting the polymer solution to the original. polymerization conditions, that is, heating to >150 degrees C. Stereochemical changes in the PFCBs, in combination With radical trapping experiments, indicate that PFCB scission proceeds via a stepwise mechanism with a 1,4-diradical intermediate, offering a potential mechanism for localized functionalization and cross-linking in regions of high stress. C1 [Klukovich, Hope M.; Kean, Zachary S.; Craig, Stephen L.] Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Craig, SL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM stephen.craig@duke.edu RI Craig, Stephen/D-3484-2011 OI Craig, Stephen/0000-0002-8810-0369 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0409] FX We would like to thank Dr. Chris C. Topping and his staff at Tetramer Technologies LLC for their discussions on repolymerization conditions, and Dr. Jeremy M. Lenhardt and Ashley L. Black for guiding conversations. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-07-1-0409. NR 45 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 44 BP 17882 EP 17888 DI 10.1021/ja2074517 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 838SJ UT WOS:000296312200058 PM 21967190 ER PT J AU Du, F Yu, DS Dai, LM Ganguli, S Varshney, V Roy, AK AF Du, Feng Yu, Dingshan Dai, Liming Ganguli, S. Varshney, V. Roy, A. K. TI Preparation of Tunable 3D Pillared Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Networks for High-Performance Capacitance SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; graphene; 3D pillared VACNT-graphene; nickel hydroxide; supercapacitors ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITORS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; FILMS; STORAGE; NANOSTRUCTURE; NI(OH)(2); EFFICIENT; ELECTRODE; HYDROGEN; GROWTH AB We have developed a rational strategy for creating the 3D pillared vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT)-graphene architectures by intercalated growth of VACNTs into thermally expanded highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). By controlling the fabrication process, the length of the VACNT pillars can be tuned. In conjunction with the electrodeposition of nickel hydroxide to introduce the pseudocapacitance, these 3D pillared VACNT-graphene architectures with a controllable nanotube length were demonstrated to show a high specific capacitance and remarkable rate capability, and they significantly outperformed many electrode materials currently used in the state-of-the-art supercapacitors. C1 [Du, Feng; Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Sci & Engn Carbon Case4Carbon, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ganguli, S.; Varshney, V.; Roy, A. K.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Sci & Engn Carbon Case4Carbon, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM liming.dai@case.edu; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil RI Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; Ma, Ying/O-8910-2014; OI Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0546]; MURI FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the AFOSR (FA 9550-10-1-0546) and MURI project under Low Density Materials Program (Dr. Joycelyn Harrison, Program Manager). NR 44 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 19 U2 201 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 8 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 21 BP 4810 EP 4816 DI 10.1021/cm2021214 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 838PG UT WOS:000296304100024 ER PT J AU Miller, BA McNamara, JJ Spottswood, SM Culler, AJ AF Miller, B. A. McNamara, J. J. Spottswood, S. M. Culler, A. J. TI The impact of flow induced loads on snap-through behavior of acoustically excited, thermally buckled panels SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; HYPERSONIC FLOW; MODELS AB The analysis, and ultimately the design, of air-breathing hypersonic cruise-type vehicles is hampered by the inability to accurately capture the coupled fluid-thermal-structure interactions. There are few laboratory experiments that have investigated the interactions of compliant surface panels and hypersonic flow. The vast majority of experimental studies are limited to replicating only parts of the physical mechanisms and couplings because of the difficulty in imposing the complete transient, hypersonic environment. Studies of hot-structures, thermal protection systems, or exotic material and structural configurations, typically neglect vibration induced fluctuating pressures, shock-boundary layer interaction, the effect of transition, and separated flow. Conversely, hypersonic wind-tunnel experiments purposely neglect the influence of non-rigid structure on the aforementioned high-speed flow effects in an effort to better understand the nature of the high-speed effects. The goal of this study is to implement a simple computational model that seeks to incorporate many of the fluid-thermalstructure interactions inherent in hypersonic flow. This is accomplished using simplified aerothermal and aerodynamic theories in conjunction with a simply supported von Karman panel in cylindrical bending. Comparisons are made between the inclusion and exclusion of self-induced and forced fluctuating pressures, as well as the fidelity required in computing the temperature distributions. Results indicate that self-induced pressure fluctuations, which arise from interactions of a vibrating structure with an ambient mean flow, significantly impact the response of panels to random acoustic loadings. Additionally, the inclusion of forced fluctuating pressure loadings can significantly reduce the onset time of panel flutter. It is surmised that experimental investigations must combine thermal loads, as well as both forced and self-induced fluctuating pressures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, B. A.; McNamara, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Spottswood, S. M.; Culler, A. J.] USAF, Struct Sci Ctr, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McNamara, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM miller.3881@osu.edu; mcnamara.190@osu.edu; Stephen.Spottswood@wpafb.af.mil; Adam.Culler.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation Scholarship; Ohio Supercomputer Center FX The research was supported by a Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute Student-Faculty Fellowship, the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation Scholarship for Service Program, and an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the technical insights of Drs. Ravi Chona and Tom Eason of the AFRL/RBSM Structural Sciences Center. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 330 IS 23 BP 5736 EP 5752 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2011.06.028 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 822RG UT WOS:000295066700017 ER PT J AU Mishin, E Albert, J Santolik, O AF Mishin, Evgeny Albert, Jay Santolik, Ondrej TI SAID/SAPS-related VLF waves and the outer radiation belt boundary SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT; INNER EDGE; PLASMAPAUSE AB We explore Cluster and CRRES observations of plasmaspheric broadband hiss-like VLF emissions related with subauroral ion drifts/polarization streams (SAID/SAPS) to numerically simulate losses of energetic outer zone electrons due to wave-particle interactions. These emissions represent a distinctive subset of substorm/storm-related VLF activity in the region co-located with substorm injected energetic ions. Significant values of pitch-angle diffusion coefficients suggest that SAID/SAPS-related VLF waves could be responsible for the alteration of the outer radiation belt boundary during (sub)storms. Citation: Mishin, E., J. Albert, and O. Santolik (2011), SAID/SAPS-related VLF waves and the outer radiation belt boundary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21101, doi:10.1029/2011GL049613. C1 [Mishin, Evgeny; Albert, Jay] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Santolik, Ondrej] Inst Atmospher Phys, Dept Space Phys, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic. [Santolik, Ondrej] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Mishin, E (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@us.af.mil; jay.albert@us.af.mil; ondrej.santolik@mff.cuni.cz RI Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; GACR [205/10/2279] FX EM and JA were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. OS was supported by the GACR grant 205/10/2279. The Cluster FGM Prime Parameter, EFW, EDI, CIS-CODIF, WBD, and STAFF datasets were obtained through the Cluster Science Data System and the ESA Cluster Active Archive. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L21101 DI 10.1029/2011GL049613 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 842SB UT WOS:000296619200005 ER PT J AU Brenner, PS Abadie, WM Weitzel, EK Thomas, RF McMains, KC AF Brenner, Pryor S. Abadie, Wesley M. Weitzel, Erik K. Thomas, Roy F. McMains, Kevin C. TI Unexpected consequences of transnasal balloon dilation of the maxillary ostium SO INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE balloon sinuplasty; dilation; endoscopic sinus surgery; ostia; irrigation ID NASAL IRRIGATION; PENETRATION AB Background: Nasal irrigations and topical sprays have been demonstrated to have benefit in chronic sinusitis. Increasingly, it is evident that delivery system, patient anatomy, and inflammatory process have significant impacts on irrigant distribution. Methods: Intrasinus endoscopy was performed during sinus irrigation of 5 thawed fresh frozen cadavers (10 sides) before and after transnasal dilation of the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid ostia with a 5-mm balloon. Results: Guidewire insertion created false passages through maxillary fontanelle on all of 10 attempts; 1 of 10 frontal insertions entered the ostia in a submucosal plane, while all 10 sphenoid attempts were successful without complication (p < 0.0001). Average minimum ostial dimension increased from 1.73 mm to 3.6 mm (p < 0.0001) after dilation. Obtaining an ostial size of 5 mm was associated with significantly improved irrigation penetration relative to a minimum dimension of 4 mm or less (p = 0.019). After balloon dilation of the true ostia, irrigation of the sphenoid increased, irrigations into the frontal sinuses were unchanged, and irrigation into the maxillary sinuses decreased. Conclusion: Guidewire insertion in this study was noted to frequently create a false passage during maxillary sinus ostial dilation. After balloon dilation, irrigant penetration was increased into the sphenoid sinus for heavy and mist irrigators whereas the maxillary sinus had diminished irrigant penetration for heavy and NetiPot irrigators. (C) 2011 ARSAAOA, LLC. C1 [Brenner, Pryor S.; Abadie, Wesley M.; Weitzel, Erik K.; Thomas, Roy F.; McMains, Kevin C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@yahoo.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2042-6976 J9 INT FORUM ALLERGY RH JI Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 1 IS 6 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1002/alr.20085 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 007YM UT WOS:000308924300008 PM 22144056 ER PT J AU Shen, PH Weitzel, EK Lai, JT Wormald, PJ Lin, CH AF Shen, Ping-Hung Weitzel, Erik Kent Lai, Jen-Tsung Wormald, Peter-John Lin, Chien-Hung TI Retrospective study of full-house functional endoscopic sinus surgery for revision endoscopic sinus surgery SO INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE revision endoscopic sinus surgery; rhinology; symptoms; mucosa; quality-of-life ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MODIFIED LOTHROP PROCEDURE; CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS; SURGICAL OUTCOMES; SYMPTOM OUTCOMES; NASAL POLYPOSIS; LONG; PENETRATION AB Background: Outcomes for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS) are rarely reported in relation to technique. Our goal was to document the outcome of full-house functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (FHF) (complete sphenoethmoidectomy with Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy) for treatment of this recalcitrant group. Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic sinusitis having had at least 1 previous sinus surgery (mean, 2.14) underwent FHF, followed by postoperative nasal douching and oral antibiotics for 12 weeks. After a minimum 6 months of follow-up, patients were asked to complete a 5-item Patient Response Score (PRS) (graded on a 6-point scale from 1 = completely improved to 6 = much worse). Objective measures collected included computed tomography (CT) Lund MacKay score (L-Mscore, LMS), and endoscopic findings: mucosal swelling (MS) and mucopus (MP) (graded on a 4-point scale from 0 = none to 3 = severe). Results: Patients were divided into 3 subgroups based on months of follow up from surgery: 6-12, 12-18, and 18-24. There was no statistical difference in any outcome based on length of follow up. Mean symptom outcome was reported as much improved (PRS = 1.9 +/- 0.1). Both mucosal swelling and mucopus improved dramatically (2.48 vs 0.29, p < 0.001; 2.52 vs 0.29, p < 0.001, respectively). LMS also improved dramatically (11.52 vs 2.1, p < 0.001). Presence of nasal polyps did not affect any subjective or objective outcome. Conclusion: Marked improvements in symptoms and mucosal findings were consistently obtained with FHF between 6 and 24 months postoperatively. (C) 2011 ARSAAOA, LLC. C1 [Shen, Ping-Hung; Lai, Jen-Tsung; Lin, Chien-Hung] Kuang Tien Gen Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Weitzel, Erik Kent] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Wormald, Peter-John] Univ Adelaide, Dept Surg Otolaryngol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Shen, PH (reprint author), Kuang Tien Gen Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Taichung, Taiwan. EM allentube211@gmail.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 FU Medtronic Xomed FX P.J.W. has financial interest/arrangement with Medtronic Xomed for royalties received from design of surgical instruments. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2042-6976 J9 INT FORUM ALLERGY RH JI Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 1 IS 6 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1002/alr.20081 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 007YM UT WOS:000308924300014 PM 22144062 ER PT J AU Pickett, H AF Pickett, Heather TI Shave and Punch Biopsy for Skin Lesions SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; DERMATOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; INCISIONAL BIOPSY; GUIDELINES; ANESTHESIA; DIAGNOSIS; DEPTH AB Shave and punch biopsies are essential procedures for physicians who manage skin conditions. These office-based procedures can diagnose questionable dermatologic lesions, including possible malignancies. Approaches include the superficial shave biopsy, saucerization excision, punch biopsy, and elliptical excision. A superficial shave biopsy can be used for raised lesions. A saucerization biopsy may be performed for flat or pigmented lesions. Punch biopsies yield full-thickness samples and can be used for lesions that require dermal or subcutaneous tissue for diagnosis. Indications for biopsy of suspected melanoma remain controversial. Sufficient tissue may be obtained with the quicker, less costly saucerization biopsy or the more time-consuming, invasive elliptical excisional biopsy. (Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(9):995-1002. Copyright (C) 2011 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Pickett, Heather] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Pickett, H (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, 3700 N Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. EM heather.pickett@nellis.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1002 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 980AK UT WOS:000306865800008 PM 22046939 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Dy, D Carney, M AF Crawford, Paul Dy, David Carney, Misty TI Q/Which combination drug therapies are most effective for hypertension? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; DOUBLE-BLIND; STAGE-2 HYPERTENSION; MONOTHERAPY; METAANALYSIS; TRIAL; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; PREVENTION; AMLODIPINE; PLACEBO C1 [Crawford, Paul; Dy, David] Nellis Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Carney, Misty] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 60 IS 11 BP 684 EP 686 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934CV UT WOS:000303420800011 PM 22049354 ER PT J AU Gardner, CM Rothwell, EJ Kempel, LC Hejase, JA Ouedraogo, RO Schneider, SW AF Gardner, Chad M. Rothwell, Edward J. Kempel, Leo C. Hejase, Jose A. Ouedraogo, Raoul O. Schneider, Stephen W. TI Effect of Curvature on the Performance of a Cylindrically-Conformal Cavity-Backed E-patch Antenna SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aircraft antennas; antenna measurements; antenna radiation patterns; conformal antennas; multifrequency antennas ID FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS; BOW-TIE ANTENNAS; GPR APPLICATIONS; WIDE-BAND; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB The behavior of a cavity-backed E-patch antenna placed conformal to a cylindrical conducting surface is explored through simulations and experiment to determine the effects of curvature on antenna performance. It is shown that introducing a cavity backing reduces the bandwidth of an E-patch, but that the curvature of a conformal antenna partly compensates for the loss of performance. It is further shown that the curvature of a conformal antenna strongly affects both the co- and cross-polarization gain patterns. C1 [Gardner, Chad M.; Rothwell, Edward J.; Kempel, Leo C.; Hejase, Jose A.; Ouedraogo, Raoul O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schneider, Stephen W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gardner, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chadula@gmail.com; rothwell@egr.msu.edu; kempel@egr.msu.edu; hejasejo@msu.edu; ojunior82@gmail.com; Stephen.Schneider@wpafb.af.mil OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-1619] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-09-C-1619. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 26 IS 11 BP 930 EP 936 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 898PB UT WOS:000300753200008 ER PT J AU Wisman, D Ganguly, B AF Wisman, David Ganguly, Biswa TI Flame-Front Visualization Using Argon-Oxygen Plasma Discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Combustion; corona discharge; flow visualization ID FLOW AB The emission from a pulsed point-to-plane corona discharge is used to image flame reaction zones with high temporal resolution. An Ar/O-2 gas mixture is used as an oxidant, allowing for the initiation of the corona discharge at lower applied voltages than it is possible in an air discharge while maintaining similar pulsed plasma current. The lower operating voltages reduce the amount of random streamer strikes and thus increase the clarity of the plasma emission images. C1 [Wisman, David] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wisman, D (reprint author), NSWC Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM Biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2066 EP 2067 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2138165 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400006 ER PT J AU McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Kanmae, T Haaland, RK AF McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. Kanmae, Takeshi Haaland, Ryan K. TI High-Speed Imaging of Sprite Streamers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Plasma applications; plasma diagnostics; plasma stability ID VIDEO AB The spatial and temporal developments of sprite streamers in the mesosphere are discussed in the context of the data recorded on August 27, 2009. Streamers initiate at approximately 75 km in altitude and are seen to propagate first downward and subsequently upward. Streamer splitting is observed as the streamers propagate. The streamer tips are approximately three times brighter than the planet Jupiter. C1 [McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.; Kanmae, Takeshi] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haaland, Ryan K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Matthew.Mcharg@usafa.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; tkammae@gi.alaska.edu; haaland_r@fortlewis.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU National Science Foundation [0737294] FX Manuscript received December 1, 2010; revised June 23, 2011; accepted June 27, 2011. Date of publication October 3, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0737294. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2266 EP 2267 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2165299 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400106 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Pedersen, T Mills, T AF Kuo, Spencer P. Pedersen, Todd Mills, Travis TI Two-Dimensional Distribution of Atomic-Oxygen Multiplet Radiation Produced by an Air-Plasma Torch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Air-plasma torch; atomic-oxygen multiplet radiation; microbial biofilm AB A pen-size low-temperature air-plasma torch is designed for dental applications. A narrow-band-filtered charge-coupled-device camera is used to record the 2-D distribution of the intensities of 777.4-nm emissions from the 5P state of atomic oxygen produced in the plasma effluent of the torch. C1 [Kuo, Spencer P.] NYU, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Pedersen, Todd; Mills, Travis] USAF, Res Lab, Battle Space Ctr Excellence & Ionosphere Hazard A, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), NYU, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM skuo@duke.poly.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [2311AS]; Adventix Technologies Inc. FX Manuscript received October 29, 2010; revised April 27, 2011; accepted May 8, 2011. Date of publication June 23, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Air Force of Scientific Research Task 2311AS. The work of S. P. Kuo was supported in part by the Adventix Technologies Inc. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2282 EP 2283 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2155089 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400114 ER PT J AU Urabe, K Sands, BL Sakai, O Ganguly, BN AF Urabe, Keiichiro Sands, Brian L. Sakai, Osamu Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Temporally Resolved Imaging of Jet-Type Dielectric Barrier Discharge Using He and Ar/Acetone Crossed Gas Flows SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ); dielectric barrier discharge (DBD); temporally resolved imaging AB We report on temporally resolved images in a jet-type dielectric barrier discharge with two crossed gas flows obtained by a spectrally filtered intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. The crossed-flow configuration of He and Ar gases and a small acetone impurity added into the Ar flow simulated a discharge configuration and an organic precursor used for the practical application of material processing, respectively. From the ICCD images, streamer and transient glow discharges could be distinguished between the electrode and the substrate. Filtered emission from excited N-2(+), CH, C-2, He, and Ar also revealed the excitation and decomposition processes in the discharge. C1 [Urabe, Keiichiro; Sakai, Osamu] Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158501, Japan. [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Urabe, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158501, Japan. EM k.urabe@at2.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Urabe, Keiichiro/G-4524-2011 OI Urabe, Keiichiro/0000-0001-9743-3184 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2294 EP 2295 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2111389 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400120 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ Sands, BL Ganguly, BN AF Leiweke, Robert J. Sands, Brian L. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Effect of Gas Mixture on Plasma Jet Discharge Morphology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric pressure plasma jet; discharge morphology; spatiotemporally resolved imaging AB The morphology of plasma emission from a streamer-like atmospheric pressure plasma jet initiated inside a glass capillary has been measured with a high spatial resolution for a gas flow of pure helium and He with a 5% Ar admixture using 5-ns time-gated intensified charge-coupled device imaging. In the pure helium plasma jet, emission remains annular and converges gradually along the core gas-air interface. With a 5% argon admixture, however, the plasma emission is initially annular inside the glass capillary but converges to the flow axis within 5 mm outside the capillary tip. C1 [Leiweke, Robert J.; Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Leiweke, RJ (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM robert.leiweke@wpafb.af.mil; brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received November 23, 2010; accepted March 25, 2011. Date of publication May 5, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2304 EP 2305 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2139228 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400125 ER PT J AU Rao, X Hammack, S Carter, C Lee, T AF Rao, Xing Hammack, Stephen Carter, Campbell Lee, Tonghun TI Laser Diagnostic Imaging of Energetically Enhanced Flames Using Direct Microwave Plasma Coupling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Laser-induced fluorescence; nonequilibrium microwave plasma; plasma-enhanced combustion; Rayleigh scattering ID COMBUSTION AB Quantitative images of temperature and hydroxyl (OH) concentrations are presented in plasma-enhanced flames, where a nonthermal microwave plasma discharge is coupled directly with the reaction zone of the flame. The plasma jet is generated through a novel microwave (2.45 GHz) waveguide based a coaxial reactor system. Planar laser-induced fluorescence is used to generate the OH fields, and planar Rayleigh scattering thermometry is used for the temperature. Plasma-enhanced flames present new possibilities for ignition and flame holding under harsh operating conditions, including stabilization of combustion in hypersonic flame conditions. C1 [Rao, Xing] Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rao, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM raoxing@msu.edu; stevehammack@gmail.com; campbell.carter@wpafb.af.mil; tonghun@msu.edu RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012; Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556] FX Manuscript received December 1, 2010; revised April 19, 2011; accepted April 21, 2011. Date of publication May 19, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported by AFOSR under Rewards FA9550-09-1-0282 and FA9550-10-1-0556. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2354 EP 2355 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2148180 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400150 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TR Holmes, JM Gustavsson, B Mills, TJ AF Pedersen, Todd R. Holmes, Jeffrey M. Gustavsson, Bjorn Mills, Travis J. TI Multisite Optical Imaging of Artificial Ionospheric Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; optical imaging; plasma density; radio propagation AB Artificial ionospheric plasmas are formed on the bottom side of the natural ionospheric F region during high-power high-frequency (HF) heating experiments and descend to altitudes as low as 140 km before disappearing. Optical emissions produced during these events often exhibit bull's-eye structures, where the artificial plasma is thought to form a central spot that diverts or blocks HF waves to form an empty ring of emissions from the natural ionosphere at higher altitudes. We present multisite image data showing that, in some cases, both the spot and ring represent distinct artificial plasma layers. C1 [Pedersen, Todd R.; Holmes, Jeffrey M.; Mills, Travis J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gustavsson, Bjorn] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Pedersen, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112; Holmes, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1025-6694 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Space Vehicles Directorate Innovation Fund FX Manuscript received November 19, 2010; revised April 14, 2011; accepted April 24, 2011. Date of publication May 27, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and in part by the Space Vehicles Directorate Innovation Fund. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2704 EP 2705 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2151209 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400325 ER PT J AU Liu, NY Pasko, VP Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG AF Liu, Ningyu Pasko, Victor P. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. McHarg, Matthew G. TI Sprite Streamers Imaged at Different Exposure Times SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Optical emissions; sprites; streamer coronae AB This paper investigates the appearance of sprite streamer discharges imaged at different exposure times. Both observational and modeling results are presented to illustrate that the formation of luminous filamentary channels in sprites is caused by bright and fast-moving sprite streamer heads. C1 [Liu, Ningyu] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Pasko, Victor P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, NY (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF [ATM-0955379] FX Manuscript received November 27, 2010; revised June 2, 2011; accepted June 4, 2011. Date of publication July 18, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. The participation of N. Liu at Florida Institute of Technology was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF Grant ATM-0955379. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2710 EP 2711 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2159517 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400328 ER PT J AU Holmes, JM Pedersen, TR Mills, TJ AF Holmes, Jeffrey M. Pedersen, Todd R. Mills, Travis J. TI RF-Induced Airglow Observed Using Composite Multispectral Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; multispectral imaging; optical imaging; plasma density AB Atmospheric airglow emissions accompanying artificial ionospheric plasmas occur when the bottom-side ionospheric F-region is exposed to high-power HF heating. These artificial emissions are spectrally similar to those which occur naturally as airglow and aurora, yet they have spatiotemporal behavior commensurate with the heater beam geometry. Interesting dynamics of both the artificial plasma layers and optical emissions have been observed, namely, the presence of multiple descending plasma layers distributed in altitude, mesoscale (10-100 km) bullseye-type airglow emission patterns, and, finally, small-scale (less than or similar to 10 km) field-aligned filaments. We present visualizations of such features exhibited by the heated region using composite multispectral imaging. C1 [Holmes, Jeffrey M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pedersen, Todd R.; Mills, Travis J.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Holmes, JM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvbxiorgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112; Holmes, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1025-6694 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received November 30, 2010; revised May 24, 2011; accepted May 27, 2011. Date of publication July 29, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2714 EP 2715 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2158854 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400330 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Baumgardner, JB Bhatt, AN Erickson, PJ Larsen, MF Pedersen, TR Siefring, CL AF Bernhardt, P. A. Baumgardner, J. B. Bhatt, A. N. Erickson, P. J. Larsen, M. F. Pedersen, T. R. Siefring, C. L. TI Optical Emissions Observed During the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE I) in the Ionosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Active experiments; dusty plasmas; ionospheric modification AB The in-flight engine firing of solid rocket motors in the ionosphere produces an artificial dusty plasma. Optical emissions of sunlight scattered from the dust particles yield measurements of the dust location and flow velocities. Charging by ambient ionospheric electrons of the particulates yields dust particles that stream across the magnetic field lines. These exhaust particles initiate plasma turbulence in the ionosphere that can scatter radar waves. If the exhaust cloud itself passes over in situ particle or plasma wave detectors, measurements can be made of increased dusty plasma wave turbulence and plasma densities. To demonstrate long-range detection of rocket engine burns in the ionosphere, the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE I) was conducted in September 2009. Optical observations from CARE I provided measurements of both the dust particle distributions and the interactions of the molecular component of the rocket exhaust in the ionosphere. C1 [Bernhardt, P. A.; Siefring, C. L.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baumgardner, J. B.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bhatt, A. N.; Erickson, P. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Larsen, M. F.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Larsen, Miguel/A-1079-2013; OI Bhatt, Asti/0000-0002-8881-5348 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received December 6, 2010; revised May 8, 2011; accepted May 11, 2011. Date of publication September 6, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2774 EP 2775 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2164944 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400360 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA AF Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Laser-Induced-Fluorescence-Derived Hall Effect Thruster Ion Velocity Distribution Visualization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hall effect thruster; laser-induced fluorescence (LIF); spacecraft propulsion; velocity distribution ID FIELD AB Laser-induced fluorescence is used to measure ion velocity distributions in a Hall effect thruster plume. Images of ion velocity scaled to fluorescence peak magnitude provide a graphical illustration of the complex interactions between accelerated ion populations. Both axial and radial velocities are sampled at a single cross section approximately 0.6 diameters downstream of the thruster exit. C1 USAF, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), USAF, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM william.hargus@edwards.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2918 EP 2919 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2132149 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400432 ER PT J AU Liu, D Huffman, RE Branam, RD Hargus, WA AF Liu, David Huffman, Richard E. Branam, Richard D. Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Ultrahigh-Speed Imaging of Hall-Thruster Discharge Oscillations With Krypton Propellant SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Breathing modes; Hall thrusters; optical emission; plasma instability AB The discharge oscillations of a 200-W Hall thruster, with krypton propellant, was captured optically with an ultrahigh-speed camera providing information up to 500 kHz. The sequential images provide a temporal 2-D description of the plasma field, which illustrate the direct emission (i.e., visible light emitted by the plasma discharge) of the plasma increasing and decreasing within the thruster channel. These periodic fluctuations of intensity have a frequency of 31 kHz, which is 10% less than the measured breathing-mode frequency utilizing xenon propellant under the same conditions. C1 [Liu, David; Huffman, Richard E.; Branam, Richard D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hargus, William A., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Institute of Technology; Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received November 30, 2010; revised April 6, 2011; accepted April 16, 2011. Date of publication June 2, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Institute of Technology and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2926 EP 2927 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2146282 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400436 ER PT J AU Amama, PB Grant, JT Spowart, JE Shamberger, PJ Voevodin, AA Fisher, TS AF Amama, Placidus B. Grant, John T. Spowart, Jonathan E. Shamberger, Patrick J. Voevodin, Andrey A. Fisher, Timothy S. TI Catalytic influence of Ni-based additives on the dehydrogenation properties of ball milled MgH2 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE MGH2; HYDROGEN STORAGE; DESORPTION PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METAL-HYDRIDES; KINETICS; PHASE; HEAT; NANOCOMPOSITES AB The catalytic influence of Ni, Zr2Ni5, and LaNi5 on the dehydrogenation properties of milled MgH2 was investigated. MgH2 milled in the presence of Ni (5 wt%) and Zr2Ni5 (5 wt%) catalysts for 2 h showed apparent activation energies, E-A, of 81 and 79 kJ/mol, respectively, corresponding to similar to 50% decrease in E-A and a moderate decrease (similar to 100 degrees C) in the decomposition temperature (T-dec). A further 27 degrees C decrease in T-dec was observed after milling with 10 wt% Ni. Based on the E-A values, the catalytic activity decreased in the following order: Ni approximate to Zr2Ni5 > LaNi5. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the milled and dehydrogenated states of the hydrides modified with Ni catalyst revealed that the observed reduction in E-A may be due to the ability of Ni catalyst to decrease the amount of oxygen atoms in defective positions that are capable of blocking catalytically active sites thereby enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics. In particular, our results reveal a strong correlation between the type of oxygen species adsorbed on Ni-modified MgH2 and the E-A of the dehydrogenation reaction. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Grant, John T.; Spowart, Jonathan E.; Shamberger, Patrick J.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.; Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Placidus.Amama@wpafb.af.mil RI Shamberger, Patrick/I-8999-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0003-4190-2070; Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Support from the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Dr. Karla L. Strong for valuable discussions. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 26 IS 21 BP 2725 EP 2734 DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.230 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 886SD UT WOS:000299873300007 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Boolchand, P Fairchild, SB Grazulis, L Murray, PT Back, TC Semet, V Binh, VT Wu, XH Poitras, D Lockwood, DJ Yu, F Kuppa, V AF Cahay, Marc Boolchand, Punit Fairchild, Steven B. Grazulis, Larry Murray, Paul T. Back, Tyson C. Semet, Vincent Vu Thien Binh Wu, Xiaohua Poitras, Daniel Lockwood, David J. Yu, Fei Kuppa, Vikram TI Review Article: Rare-earth monosulfides as durable and efficient cold cathodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Review DE atomic force microscopy; cathodes; electron affinity; ellipsometry; field emission ion microscopy; II-VI semiconductors; indium compounds; lanthanum compounds; magnesium compounds; nanostructured materials; pulsed laser deposition; Raman spectra; silicon; thin films; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet photoelectron spectra; work function; X-ray diffraction ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; GDS AB In their rocksalt structure, rare-earth monosulfides offer a more stable alternative to alkali metals to attain low or negative electron affinity when deposited on various III-V and II-VI semiconductor surfaces. In this article, the authors first describe the successful deposition of lanthanum monosulfide via pulsed laser deposition on Si and MgO substrates. These thin films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe measurements. For both LaS/Si and LaS/MgO thin films, the effective work function of the submicron thick thin films was determined to be about 1 eV from field emission measurements using the scanning anode field emission microscopy technique. The physical reasons for these highly desirable low work function properties were explained using a patchwork field emission model of the emitting surface. In this model, nanocrystals of low work function materials having a < 100 > orientation perpendicular to the surface and outcropping it are surrounded by a matrix of amorphous materials with a higher work function. To date, LaS thin films have been used successfully as cold cathode emitters with measured emitted current densities as high as 50 A/cm(2). Finally, we describe the successful growth of LaS thin films on InP substrates and, more recently, the production of LaS nanoballs and nanoclusters using pulsed laser ablation. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3653275] C1 [Cahay, Marc; Boolchand, Punit] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, Steven B.; Grazulis, Larry] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murray, Paul T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Back, Tyson C.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Semet, Vincent; Vu Thien Binh] Univ Lyon 1, Equipe Emiss Elect, LPMCN, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Wu, Xiaohua; Poitras, Daniel; Lockwood, David J.] CNR, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. [Yu, Fei; Kuppa, Vikram] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu OI Poitras, Daniel/0000-0003-4403-8214 FU NSF [ECS-990653, ECS-9632511]; Air Force Summer Fellowship Program [FA9550-07-C-0052, F49620-93-C-0063]; Wright Laboratory; Air Force Research Laboratory of Wright-Patterson Air Force [F33615-98-C-1204]; [GOALI-ECS-0523966] FX The work at the University of Cincinnati was supported by NSF Grant Nos, ECS-990653, ECS-9632511, and collaborative Grant No. GOALI-ECS-0523966. Part of this work was performed by M. Cahay under support from the Air Force Summer Fellowship Program, Contract Nos. FA9550-07-C-0052 and F49620-93-C-0063, and by Wright Laboratory. The work was also supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors, Directorate, of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base under Contract No. F33615-98-C-1204. The authors thank J.-M. Picard for technical assistance with the Raman measurements. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 AR 06F602 DI 10.1116/1.3653275 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 868QO UT WOS:000298538800035 ER PT J AU Fitch, RC Walker, DE Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Kossler, M Trejo, M Crespo, A Liu, L Kang, TS Lo, CF Ren, F Cheney, DJ Pearton, SJ AF Fitch, R. C. Walker, D. E., Jr. Chabak, K. D. Gillespie, J. K. Kossler, M. Trejo, M. Crespo, A. Liu, L. Kang, T. S. Lo, C. -F. Ren, F. Cheney, D. J. Pearton, S. J. TI Comparison of passivation layers for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; electrical contacts; gallium compounds; hafnium compounds; high electron mobility transistors; III-V semiconductors; passivation; plasma CVD; silicon compounds; wide band gap semiconductors ID SURFACE PASSIVATION; POWER APPLICATIONS; RF DISPERSION; HFETS; GANHEMTS; DC; PERFORMANCE; LEAKAGE; HEMTS AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors require surface passivation layers to reduce the effects of surface traps between the gate and drain contacts. These traps lead to the creation of a virtual gate and the associated collapse of drain current under rf conditions. The authors have investigated three different materials for passivation layers, namely thin (7.5 nm) Al(2)O(3) and HfO(2) deposited with an atomic layer deposition system and conventional, thick (200 nm) plasma enhanced chemically vapor deposited SiN(X). The latter is found to be the most effective in reducing drain current loss during gate lag measurements in both single and double pulse mode, but also reduces f(T) and f(MAX) through additional parasitic capacitance. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3656390] C1 [Fitch, R. C.; Walker, D. E., Jr.; Chabak, K. D.; Gillespie, J. K.; Kossler, M.; Trejo, M.; Crespo, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, L.; Kang, T. S.; Lo, C. -F.; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cheney, D. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fitch, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI LIU, LU/H-2307-2013 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775 FU AFOSR MURI; HDTRA (Don Silversmith) under Contract U.S. DOD HDTRA [1-11-1-0020] FX The work performed at UF is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Gregg Jessen and Kitt Reinhardt and by HDTRA (Don Silversmith) under Contract U.S. DOD HDTRA Grant No. No. 1-11-1-0020. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 AR 061204 DI 10.1116/1.3656390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 868QO UT WOS:000298538800108 ER PT J AU Liu, L Ren, F Pearton, SJ Fitch, RC Walker, DE Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Kossler, M Trejo, M Via, D Crespo, A AF Liu, L. Ren, F. Pearton, S. J. Fitch, R. C. Walker, D. E., Jr. Chabak, K. D. Gillespie, J. K. Kossler, M. Trejo, M. Via, David Crespo, A. TI Investigating the effect of off-state stress on trap densities in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; electron traps; gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors; III-V semiconductors; wide band gap semiconductors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; REVERSE GATE LEAKAGE; FREQUENCY DISPERSION; INDUCED DEGRADATION; CURRENT COLLAPSE; HEMTS; MECHANISM; VOLTAGE; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITANCE AB The temperature dependence of sub-threshold drain current versus gate voltage at a constant drain bias voltage were used to determine the trap densities in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) before and after the off-state stress. Two different trap densities were obtained for the measurements conducted at 300-493 K and 493-573 K, respectively. The trap density at the lower temperature range almost doubled from 1.64 x 10(12) to 3.3 x 10(12)/cm(2)-eV after a critical voltage for degradation of HEMTs was reached during the off-state drain voltage step-stress. The trap density at the higher temperature range only slightly increased from 8.1 x 10(12) and 9.2 x 10(12)/cm(2)-eV after the device stress. The trap densities were also strongly dependent on drain bias voltage; measurements conducted at higher drain bias voltages exhibited larger trap density due to more hot electrons generated at these conditions. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3660396] C1 [Liu, L.; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fitch, R. C.; Walker, D. E., Jr.; Chabak, K. D.; Gillespie, J. K.; Kossler, M.; Trejo, M.; Via, David; Crespo, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fren@che.ufl.edu RI LIU, LU/H-2307-2013 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775 FU AFOSR MURI FX This work is supported by an AFOSR MURI program monitored by Kitt Reinhardt and Gregg Jessen. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 AR 060603 DI 10.1116/1.3660396 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 868QO UT WOS:000298538800102 ER PT J AU Goodding, JC Ardelean, EV Babuska, V Robertson, LM Lane, SA AF Goodding, James C. Ardelean, Emil V. Babuska, Vit Robertson, Lawrence M., III Lane, Steven A. TI Experimental Techniques and Structural Parameter Estimation Studies of Spacecraft Cables SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Signal and electrical power cables pose unique challenges to spacecraft structural design and are often poorly modeled or even neglected. The objective of this research was to develop test methods and analysis techniques to accurately model cable-loaded spacecraft, using linear finite element models. Test methods were developed to characterize cable extensional and bending properties when subjected to low-level lateral dynamic loads. Timoshenko beam theory, including shear and bending, was used to model cable lateral dynamics, and the model formulation applicability was validated through experiment. An algorithm was developed to estimate cable area moment of inertia and shear area factor, shear modulus product, from a single driving point mobility function. Test methods and the parameter estimation algorithm were validated, using metallic rod test specimens. Experiments were performed on cables of differing constructions and spans, to develop a database for finite element modeling validation experiments. C1 [Goodding, James C.] CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Ardelean, Emil V.] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1525, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robertson, Lawrence M., III; Lane, Steven A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Goodding, JC (reprint author), CSA Engn, 1451 Innovat Pkwy SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are also indebted to our colleagues with The Aerospace Corporation, for their technical oversight of this research. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 942 EP 957 DI 10.2514/1.49346 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862UZ UT WOS:000298120900005 ER PT J AU Coombs, DM Goodding, JC Babuska, V Ardelean, EV Robertson, LM Lane, SA AF Coombs, Douglas M. Goodding, James C. Babuska, Vit Ardelean, Emil V. Robertson, Lawrence M. Lane, Steven A. TI Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Cable-Loaded Panel SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BEAM THEORY AB Power and signal cable harnesses on spacecraft are often at 10% of the total mass and can be as much as 30%. These cable harnesses can impact the structural dynamics of spacecraft significantly, specifically by damping the response. Past efforts have looked at how to calculate cable properties and the validation of these cable models on one-dimensional beam structures with uniform cable lengths. This paper looks at how to extend that process to two-dimensional spacecraftlike panels with nonuniform cable lengths. A shear beam model is used for cable properties. Two methods of calculating the tiedown stiffness are compared. Of particular interest is whether or not handbooks of cable properties can be created ahead of time and applied with confidence. There are three frequency bands in which cable effects can be described. Before any cables become resonant, the cable effects are dominated by mass and static stiffness. After all the cables become resonant, the effect is dominated by increased damping in the structure. In between these two frequency cutoff points, there is a transition zone. The dynamic cable modeling method is validated as a distinct improvement over the lumped-mass characterization of cables commonly used today. C1 [Coombs, Douglas M.; Goodding, James C.] CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1525, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ardelean, Emil V.] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Robertson, Lawrence M.; Lane, Steven A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Coombs, DM (reprint author), CSA Engn, 1451 Innovat Pkwy SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 958 EP 973 DI 10.2514/1.51021 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862UZ UT WOS:000298120900006 ER PT J AU Lowry, H Nicholson, R Simpson, R Mead, K Crider, D Fedde, M AF Lowry, Heard Nicholson, Randy Simpson, Randy Mead, Kim Crider, Dustin Fedde, Mary TI Test and Evaluation of Space and Airborne Imaging Sensor Platforms SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The space simulation test chambers at the Arnold Engineering Development Center offer a means of performing high-quality, economical, and timely state-of-the-art tests and evaluations to satisfy a variety of space system testing requirements. These requirements include sensor and focal plane array level characterization (including radiometric calibration and characterization and goniometric evaluation) and mission simulation. Such a ground-test capability is crucial for reducing system development risk by testing the latest technologies developed for space-based, interceptor, and airborne sensor platforms. In response to the evolving requirements for testing sensor platforms, new methodologies and techniques are being developed to maintain a suite of facilities capable of testing sensor systems at any level of development. A roadmap has been created that integrates high-fidelity, complex, and dynamic scene projection systems in conjunction with comprehensive analysis and measurement of the properties of the optical systems to meet imaging sensor test needs. C1 [Lowry, Heard; Crider, Dustin; Fedde, Mary] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Technol Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Nicholson, Randy; Mead, Kim] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Space & Missiles Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Simpson, Randy] Aerosp Testing Alliance, STAT PMO, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Lowry, H (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Technol Branch, 1077 Schriever C, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. FU Aerospace Testing Alliance FX Acknowledgements are due to several coworkers at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) who were very helpful in accomplishing the technical work reported here: Winfried Goethert, Bill Bertrand, Marc Smotherman, Les Crosswy, Joel Mansfield, Carrie McInturff, Ken Bynum, Earl Kiech, and Mike Tripp. Thanks also for the time and effort of Jim Burns, AEDC/TSTS, Steve Marlow of MacAuley Brown [kinetic kill vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulator (KHILS)], and David Cosby (MDA), Gary Ballard [U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC)], and Lee Murrer of Millennium Engineering in discussing and emphasizing the future test needs for space sensors. Cryogenic multispectral scene projector technology was developed through the KHILS with their PC-based array-control electronics. KHILS has done considerable work in characterizing a dual-waveband approach. The visible projection system was developed by Optical Sciences Corporation for AMRDEC. AMRDEC also provided the real-time scene generation computer system for the 10V Chamber test capability. The research reported herein was performed by the AEDC, Air Force Materiel Command. Work and analysis for this research were performed by personnel of the Aerospace Testing Alliance (the operations, maintenance, information management, and support contractor for AEDC). NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1011 DI 10.2514/1.52216 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862UZ UT WOS:000298120900009 ER PT J AU Baker, TW Stokes, S Clawson, J Garrett, T Sacha, JJ Gonzalez-Reyes, E AF Baker, Troy W. Stokes, Shayne Clawson, Jacob Garrett, Todd Sacha, Josh J. Gonzalez-Reyes, Erika TI Recurrent diarrhea in a 26-year-old man SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ANTIBODY-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MANAGEMENT; UPDATE AB This is a case report of a 26-year-old healthy man with chronic diarrhea for 2 years. He was initially believed to have irritable bowel syndrome by his primary care physician after all stool studies yielded negative results. His symptoms persisted, which prompted a referral to a gastroenterology specialist. The patient's esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed variable villous blunting and a paucity of CD 138 plasma cells, which helped reveal the final diagnosis. This cases illustrates a unique presentation of a common primary immunodeficiency that allergy/immunology specialists, along with primary care specialists, will likely encounter. (Allergy Asthma Proc 32:482-485, 2011; doi: 10.2500/aap.2011.32.3471) RP Baker, TW (reprint author), 59th MDG SG05A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM troy.baker2@afncr.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 6 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.2500/aap.2011.32.3471 PG 4 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 874FR UT WOS:000298941300014 PM 22221444 ER PT J AU Shen, PH Weitzel, EK Lai, JT Wormald, PJ Ho, CS AF Shen, Ping-Hung Weitzel, Erik Kent Lai, Jen-Tsung Wormald, Peter-John Ho, Chee-Sang TI Intravenous esmolol infusion improves surgical fields during sevoflurane-anesthetized endoscopic sinus surgery: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-LOSS; CONTROLLED HYPOTENSION; BETA-BLOCKER; ANESTHESIA; PROPOFOL; MULTICENTER; INTUBATION; LIDOCAINE; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Background: There is increasing evidence to support the use of anesthetics to affect operative fields during endoscopic sinus surgery and thus the speed, thoroughness, and safety of the surgery itself. Previous research has suggested preoperative beta-blockers improve surgical fields (SFs); our study is novel in showing the impact of a beta-blocker infusion on SFs during sinus surgery. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 40 patients. Patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis received a constant infusion of i.v. esmolol or saline in addition to a standard inhaled anesthetic protocol. At regular 15-minutes intervals, the quality of SF, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Total blood loss was also recorded. Results: Average vital sign parameters (HR/SBP/DBP) were significantly lower in the esmolol group (69.1/90.2/55.1 versus 77.2/99.5/63.5; p < 0.01). The esmolol infusion improved SFs relative to control (2.3 versus 2.6; p = 0.045). Esmolol infusion resulted in good SFs (grades 1 and 2) more often than poor fields (grades 3 and 4); on the contrary, the control group showed more poor than good SFs (chi-square; p = 0.04). A correlation between increasing HR and worsening SFs was identified (r = 0.259; p = 0.002). The control group had significantly higher average blood loss (1.3 versus 0.8 mL/min; p = 0.037). Conclusion: Esmolol-induced relative hypotension and bradycardia during endoscopic sinus surgery achieves significantly improved SFs relative to saline control. (Am J Rhinol Allergy 25, e208-e211, 2011; doi:10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3701) C1 [Weitzel, Erik Kent] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Shen, Ping-Hung; Lai, Jen-Tsung] Kuang Tien Gen Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wormald, Peter-John] Univ Adelaide, Dept Surg Otolaryngol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Ho, Chee-Sang] Kuang Tien Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@yahoo.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 FU Medtronic Xomed FX PJ Wormald has financial interest/arrangement with Medtronic Xomed for royalties received from design of surgical instruments. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare pertaining to this article NR 28 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1945-8924 J9 AM J RHINOL ALLERGY JI Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP E208 EP E211 DI 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3701 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 868RT UT WOS:000298543100003 PM 22185726 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Sizemore, SR Farrington, KE Fulmer, PA Biffinger, JC Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR AF Luckarift, Heather R. Sizemore, Susan R. Farrington, Karen E. Fulmer, Preston A. Biffinger, Justin C. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Biodegradation of medium chain hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter venetianus 2AW immobilized to hair-based adsorbent mats SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE acinetobacter; adsorbent mat; hair; immobilized cells; silica; biosurfactant; long-chain hydrocarbons ID MICROBIAL-CELLS; SEA-WATER; CRUDE-OIL; EMULSAN; BACTERIA; BIOREMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; DISPERSANT; TOXICITY; CULTURES AB The natural attenuation of hydrocarbons can be hindered by their rapid dispersion in the environment and limited contact with bacteria capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons. A functionalized composite material is described herein, that combines in situ immobilized alkane-degrading bacteria with an adsorbent material that collects hydrocarbon substrates, and facilitates biodegradation by the immobilized bacterial population. Acinetobacter venetianus 2AW was isolated for its ability to utilize hydrophobic n-alkanes (C10C18) as the sole carbon and energy source. Growth of strain 2AW also resulted in the production of a biosurfactant that aided in the dispersion of complex mixtures of hydrophobic compounds. Effective immobilization of strain 2AW to the surface of Ottimat (TM) adsorbent hair mats via vapor phase deposition of silica provided a stable and reproducible biocatalyst population that facilitates in situ biodegradation of n-alkanes. Silica-immobilized strain 2AW demonstrated ca. 85% removal of 1% (v/v) tetradecane and hexadecane within 24 h, under continuous flow conditions. The methodology for immobilizing whole bacterial cells at the surface of an adsorbent, for in situ degradation of hydrocarbons, has practical application in the bioremediation of oil in water emulsions. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol Prog., 2011 C1 [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Farrington, Karen E.; Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Airbase Technol Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Farrington, Karen E.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Fulmer, Preston A.; Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Technol Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Naval Research Laboratory [62123N] FX Work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; and the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by PE#62123N. The authors thank Prof. Plamen Atanassov (University of New Mexico) for useful discussions on silica formation and development of CVD methods. The authors acknowledge Brian Heimbuch (Applied Research Associates Inc.) for help with fluorescence imaging and Richard Holloway, CEO of World Response Group Inc. (Huntsville, AL), for supplying Ottimat (TM) hair mat samples. Ottimat (TM) materials were utilized as a proof of concept adsorbent material and in no way represents any explicit or implicit endorsement by the U.S. Government, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Naval Research Laboratory or partners associated with this research. No financial contribution was received from Ottimat (TM) for described research. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1587 DI 10.1002/btpr.701 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 855GH UT WOS:000297551300009 PM 21948333 ER PT J AU Okolica, JS Peterson, GL AF Okolica, James S. Peterson, Gilbert L. TI Windows driver memory analysis: A reverse engineering methodology SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Digital forensics; Reverse engineering; Direct Kernel Object Manipulation (DKOM); tcpip.sys; Windows 7; Windows Vista AB In a digital forensics examination, the capture and analysis of volatile data provides significant information on the state of the computer at the time of seizure. Memory analysis is a premier method of discovering volatile digital forensic information. While much work has been done in extracting forensic artifacts from Windows kernel structures, less focus has been paid to extracting information from Windows drivers. There are two reasons for this: (1) source code for one version of the Windows kernel (but not associated drivers) is available for educational use and (2) drivers are generally called asynchronously and contain no exported functions. Therefore, finding the handful of driver functions of interest out of the thousands of candidates makes reverse code engineering problematic at best. Developing a methodology to minimize the effort of analyzing these drivers, finding the functions of interest, and extracting the data structures of interest is highly desirable. This paper provides two contributions. First, it describes a general methodology for reverse code engineering of Windows drivers memory structures. Second it applies the methodology to tcpip.sys, a Windows driver that controls network connectivity. The result is the extraction from tcpip.sys of the data structures needed to determine current network connections and listeners from the 32 and 64 bit versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7. Manipulation (DKOM), tcpip.sys, Windows 7, Windows Vista. 2000 MSC: 60, 490. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Okolica, James S.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management,AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Okolica, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management,AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jokolica@afit.edu; gpeterso@afit.edu RI Wang, Deguang/E-3981-2012 FU Air Force Research Lab/ Information Grid Division (AFRL/RIG); Air Force Office of Scientific Research/ Dynamics and Control (AFOSR/RSL) [2311/FX] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Lab/ Information Grid Division (AFRL/RIG) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research/ Dynamics and Control (AFOSR/RSL) project 2311/FX. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the views or policies of AFRL/ RIG, AFOSR/RSL, the United States Air Force, or the Department of Defense. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 770 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2011.08.001 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 862EH UT WOS:000298072100015 ER PT J AU Li, M Batalama, SN Pados, DA Melodia, T Medley, MJ Matyjas, JD AF Li, Ming Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Melodia, Tommaso Medley, Michael J. Matyjas, John D. TI Cognitive Code-Division Links with Blind Primary-System Identification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Blind user identification; code-channel allocation; code-division multiple-access; cognitive radio; dynamic spectrum access; power allocation; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio ID AD HOC NETWORKS; RADIO NETWORKS; ALLOCATION; SEPARATION; CHANNEL; DESIGN; ACCESS AB We consider the problem of cognitive code-division channelization (simultaneous power and code-channel allocation) for secondary transmission links co-existing with an unknown primary code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. We first develop a blind primary-user identification scheme to detect the binary code sequences (signatures) utilized by primary users. To create a secondary link we propose two alternative procedures-one of moderate and one of low computational complexity-that optimize the secondary transmitting power and binary code-channel assignment in accordance with the detected primary code channels to avoid "harmful" interference. At the same time, the optimization procedures guarantee that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the maximum SINR linear secondary receiver is no less than a certain threshold to meet secondary transmission quality of service (QoS) requirements. The extension of the channelization problem to multiple secondary links is also investigated. Simulation studies presented herein illustrate the theoretical developments. C1 [Li, Ming; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.; Melodia, Tommaso] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael J.; Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, RIGF, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mingli@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; tmelodia@buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.mil; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0063, FA8750-11-1-0016] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grants FA8750-08-1-0063 and FA8750-11-1-0016. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-4868. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 10 IS 11 BP 3743 EP 3753 DI 10.1109/TWC.2011.091911.101260 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 865RV UT WOS:000298328900025 ER PT J AU Lester, LF Kovanis, V O'Reilly, EP Tohmori, Y AF Lester, Luke F. Kovanis, Vassilios O'Reilly, Eoin P. Tohmori, Yuichi TI Editorial: Introduction to the Issue on Semiconductor Lasers-Part 2 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [O'Reilly, Eoin P.] Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Photon Theory Grp, Lee Maltings Cork, Ireland. [O'Reilly, Eoin P.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Lee Maltings Cork, Ireland. RP Lester, LF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM luke@chtm.unm.edu; vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil; eoin.oreilly@tyndall.ie; tohmori-y@ntt-el.com RI O'Reilly, Eoin/A-5329-2009 OI O'Reilly, Eoin/0000-0001-5537-2985 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1468 EP 1469 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2165654 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 859FA UT WOS:000297861000001 ER PT J AU Chakravarty, UK Albertani, R AF Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar Albertani, Roberto TI Modal Analysis of a Flexible Membrane Wing of Micro Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR HYPERELASTIC MEMBRANE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; RUBBER; MODEL; AERODYNAMICS; ELASTICITY; MORPHOLOGY; INSECTA; FORCES AB A biologically inspired flexible wing for micro air vehicles applications is constructed with a prestrained latex membrane, attached to a thin aluminum ring with elliptical planform shape. The wing is placed inside a low-speed wind tunnel and the strains of the membrane due to the aerodynamic loads are measured using the visual image correlation technique at different angles of attack and freestream velocities. Finite element models are developed for investigating the modal characteristics of the wing including the effect of added mass, damping, and aerodynamic loads. For validating the finite element models, experimental modal analysis of a prestrained membrane is conducted inside a vacuum chamber at different ambient pressures. Natural frequencies of the wing increase with mode and strain level of the membrane, but decrease in air from those in vacuum, due to the added mass of air. Damping of air is low and has minimal effect on the natural frequencies of the wing, but assists to reduce the out-of-plane modal amplitude of vibration. C1 [Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. [Albertani, Roberto] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chakravarty, UK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0072]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories at Eglin Air Force Base; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors would like to thank the support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract FA9550-09-1-0072, with Victor Giurgiutiu (initiator) and David Stargel as project monitors. The continuing support for research activities from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories at Eglin Air Force Base and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is also greatly appreciated. The authors would also like to thank the experimental support from Joshua Martin. The authors also appreciate the support from Mark Costello of Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1960 EP 1967 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 860SE UT WOS:000297967200015 ER PT J AU Chakravarty, UK AF Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar TI Modal Analysis of a Composite Wing of a Micro Air Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; MODEL C1 [Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. [Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. RP Chakravarty, UK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2175 EP 2178 DI 10.2514/1.C031488 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 860SE UT WOS:000297967200040 ER PT J AU Welter, JT Sathish, S Christensen, DE Brodrick, PG Heebl, JD Cherry, MR AF Welter, John T. Sathish, Shamachary Christensen, Daniel E. Brodrick, Philip G. Heebl, Jason D. Cherry, Matthew R. TI Focusing of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in air with an aperiodic flat lens SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS AB Modeling and experimental results of an ultrasonic aperiodic flat lens for use in air are presented. Predictive modeling of the lens is performed using a hybrid genetic-greedy algorithm constrained to a linear structure. The optimized design parameters are used to fabricate a lens. A method combining a fiber-disk arrangement and scanning laser vibrometer measurements is developed to characterize the acoustic field distribution generated by the lens. The focal spot size is determined to be 0.88 of the incident wavelength of 80-90 kHz at a distance of 2.5 mm from the lens. Theoretically computed field distributions, optimized frequency of operation, and spatial resolution focal length are compared with experimental measurements. The differences between experimental measurements and the theoretical computations are analyzed. The theoretical calculation of the focal spot diameter is 1.7 mm which is 48% of the experimental measurement at a frequency of 80-90 kHz. This work illustrates the capabilities of a hybrid algorithm approach to design of flat acoustic lenses to operate in air with a resolution of greater than the incident wavelength and the challenges of characterizing acoustic field distribution in air. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3640841] C1 [Welter, John T.; Heebl, Jason D.] USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sathish, Shamachary; Cherry, Matthew R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Christensen, Daniel E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. [Brodrick, Philip G.] SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. RP Welter, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch AFRL RXLP, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM John.Welter@wpafb.af.mil RI Brodrick, Philip/B-4496-2015 FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-09-D-5224, FA8650-09-2-5800] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ed Klosterman, Rick Reibel, Julie Piddock, and Brooke Johnson for their assistance in this work. Portions of this work were performed under U.S. Air Force contracts FA8650-09-D-5224 and FA8650-09-2-5800. Authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments that provided additional insight into the discussion of the results. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2789 EP 2796 DI 10.1121/1.3640841 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 854HV UT WOS:000297486500037 PM 22087907 ER PT J AU Termkoa, K Vangala, S Goodhue, W Peterson, R Bedford, R Tassev, V Lynch, C Bliss, D AF Termkoa, Krongtip Vangala, Shivashankar Goodhue, William Peterson, Rita Bedford, Robert Tassev, Vladimir Lynch, Candace Bliss, David TI Production of orientation-patterned GaP templates using wafer fusion techniques SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE GaP; Wafer fusion; Hydride vapor phase epitaxy; Nonlinear optical materials ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; EFFICIENT 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; GAAS FILMS; GROWTH; THICK AB Nonlinear optical frequency conversion is an effective technique for generating infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) wavelengths not readily available from existing laser sources. Birefringent materials such as LiNbO(3) are often used to generate wavelengths where gaps exist, but are unsuitable in the mid-IR, far-IR, and THz regions as these materials are often opaque in these regions. As an alternative, GaAs has been employed for frequency conversion in these regions using quasi-phase-matching (QPM) to overcome the material's lack of birefringence. QPM has been successfully demonstrated in GaAs using fused stacks of thin alternately oriented layers or inverted orientation patterned (OP) grating templates overgrown with thick columnar GaAs layers. Although GaAs has a high nonlinear coefficient d(14) = 170 pm/V at 1.064 mu m and good thermal conductivity (52 W/m K), it suffers from strong two-photon absorption below 1.7 mu m making it inefficient when pumped with a source less than or equal to this wavelength. GaP also has a high nonlinear coefficient d(14) = 71 pm/V at 1.064 mu m, better thermal conductivity (110 W/m K) and much lower two-photon absorption in the 1 mu m region. Therefore, OPGaP is desirable for NLO applications in the mid-IR and THz that use commercially available pump lasers in the 1.06-1.55 mu m wavelength range. In this work the fabrication of OPGaP templates suitable for thick columnar hydride vapor phase epitaxial growth of GaP is reported using a commercially viable wafer fusion technique. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Termkoa, Krongtip; Vangala, Shivashankar; Goodhue, William] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Peterson, Rita; Bedford, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tassev, Vladimir; Lynch, Candace; Bliss, David] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Vangala, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM shivashankar_vangala@uml.edu FU Hanscom Air Force Base AFRL/RYHC [FA8650-09-C-1653] FX This work was supported by Hanscom Air Force Base AFRL/RYHC, Contract no. FA8650-09-C-1653. The SIMS work was performed at Evans Analytical Group by Temel Buyuklimanli. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2011.07.021 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 858VM UT WOS:000297831300007 ER PT J AU Blakeman, TC Rodriquez, D Hanseman, D Branson, RD AF Blakeman, Thomas C. Rodriquez, Dario Hanseman, Dennis Branson, Richard D. TI Bench Evaluation of 7 Home-Care Ventilators SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE mechanical ventilation; portable ventilator; home care; triggering; battery duration ID MECHANICAL VENTILATORS; PERFORMANCE AB BACKGROUND: Portable ventilators continue to decrease in size while increasing in performance. We bench-tested the triggering, battery duration, and tidal volume (V(T)) of 7 portable ventilators: LTV 1000, LTV 1200, Puritan Bennett 540, Trilogy, Vela, iVent 101, and HT50. METHODS: We tested triggering with a modified dual-chamber test lung to simulate spontaneous breathing with weak, normal, and strong inspiratory effort. We measured battery duration by fully charging the battery and operating the ventilator with a V(T) of 500 mL, a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min, and PEEP of 5 cm H(2)O until breath-delivery ceased. We tested V(T) accuracy with pediatric ventilation scenarios (V(T) 50 mL or 100 mL, respiratory rate 50 breaths/min, inspiratory time 0.3 s, and PEEP 5 cm H(2)O) and an adult ventilation scenario (V(T) 400 mL, respiratory rate 30 breaths/min, inspiratory time 0.5 s, and PEEP 5 cm H(2)O). We measured and analyzed airway pressure, volume, and flow signals. RESULTS: At the adult settings the measured V(T) range was 362-426 mL. On the pediatric settings the measured V(T) range was 51-182 mL at the set V(T) of 50 mL, and 90-141 mL at the set V(T) of 100 mL. The V(T) delivered by the Vela at both the 50 mL and 100 mL, and by the HT50 at 100 mL, did not meet the American Society for Testing and Materials standard for V(T) accuracy. Triggering response and battery duration ranged widely among the tested ventilators. CONCLUSIONS: There was wide variability in battery duration and triggering sensitivity. Five of the ventilators performed adequately in V(T) delivery across several settings. The combination of high respiratory rate and low V(T) presented problems for 2 of the ventilators. Key words: mechanical ventilation; portable ventilator; home care; triggering; battery duration. [Respir Care 2011;56(11): 1791-1798. (C) 2011 Daedalus Enterprises] C1 [Blakeman, Thomas C.; Hanseman, Dennis; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Blakeman, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way,ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM thomas.blakeman@uc.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD NOV PY 2011 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1791 EP 1798 DI 10.4187/respcare.01176 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 859TQ UT WOS:000297899100007 PM 21605488 ER PT J AU Bandino, JP Thoppil, J Kennedy, JS Hivnor, CM AF Bandino, Justin P. Thoppil, John Kennedy, J. Scott Hivnor, Chad M. TI Iatrogenic Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis Caused by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for Preterm Labor Prevention SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE CAPROATE; BIRTH PREVENTION; URTICARIA; WOMAN AB Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in otherwise healthy infants, and the rate of pregnancies complicated by a premature delivery continues to rise. Subsequently, attempts have been made to reduce this rate by using progesterone supplementation during pregnancy. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P), a metabolite of progesterone, also has been used as supplementation during pregnancy to prevent preterm births. We report a case of iatrogenic autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) in a pregnant woman who received 17P therapy. Due to the increased use of 17P, our case could represent an increasingly prevalent entity that dermatologists and obstetricians should recognize. In this article, we discuss our findings and provide a basic review of APD. Cutis. 2011;88:241-243. C1 [Bandino, Justin P.; Hivnor, Chad M.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kennedy, J. Scott] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Bandino, JP (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM tantomed@gmail.com NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 853AA UT WOS:000297397400010 PM 22272488 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Duffy, JP Hooper, DJ AF Peterson, Gilbert L. Duffy, Jeffrey P. Hooper, Daylond J. TI Dynamic Behavior Sequencing for Hybrid Robot Architectures SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hybrid control architecture; Behavior hierarchies; Task control language ID MOBILE ROBOTS; INTELLIGENT; SYSTEMS AB Hybrid robot control architectures separate planning, coordination, and sensing and acting into separate processing layers to provide autonomous robots both deliberative and reactive functionality. This approach results in systems that perform well in goal-oriented and dynamic environments. Often, the interfaces and intents of each functional layer are tightly coupled and hand coded so any system change requires several changes in the other layers. This work presents the dynamic behavior hierarchy generation (DBHG) algorithm, which uses an abstract behavior representation to automatically build a behavior hierarchy for meeting a task goal. The generation of the behavior hierarchy occurs without knowledge of the low-level implementation or the high-level goals the behaviors achieve. The algorithm's ability to automate the behavior hierarchy generation is demonstrated on a robot task of target search, identification, and extraction. An additional simulated experiment in which deliberation identifies which sensors to use to conserve power shows that no system modification or predefined task structures is required for the DBHG to dynamically build different behavior hierarchies. C1 [Peterson, Gilbert L.; Duffy, Jeffrey P.; Hooper, Daylond J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hooper, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; jeffrey.duffy@us.af.mil; daylond.hooper.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/RYRN Lab Task from the Air Force Office of Scientific research [06SN02COR] FX This work was supported in part through AFRL/RYRN Lab Task 06SN02COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific research. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United State Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10846-010-9535-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 852OA UT WOS:000297366100004 ER PT J AU Salter, WB Owens, JR Wander, JD AF Salter, W. Bruce Owens, Jeffery R. Wander, Joseph D. TI Methyl Salicylate: A Reactive Chemical Warfare Agent Surrogate to Detect Reaction with Hypochlorite SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE electrophilic aromatic substitution; methyl salicylate; chemical warfare; simulant; decontamination; textile ID DECOMPOSITION; OXONE; ACID AB Methyl salicylate (MeS) has a rich history as an inert physical simulant for the chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard and soman, where it is used extensively for liquid- and vapor-permeation testing. Here we demonstrate possible utility of MeS as a reactivity simulant for chlorine-based decontaminants. In these experiments MeS was reacted with sodium hypochlorite varying stoichiometry, temperature, reaction time, and pH. No colored oxidation products were observed; however, chlorination of the aromatic ring occurred ortho (methyl 3-chlorosalicylate) and para (methyl 5-chlorosalicylate) to the position bearing the -OH group in both the mono- and disubstituted forms. The monosubstituted para product accumulated initially, and the ortho and 3,5-dichloro products formed over the next several hours. Yields from reactions conducted below pH 11 declined rapidly with decreasing pH. Reactions run at 40 degrees C produced predominantly para substitution, while those run at 0 degrees C produced lower yields of ortho- and para-substituted products. Reactions were also carried out on textile substrates of cotton, 50/50 nylon-cotton, and a meta aramid. The textile data broadly reproduced reaction times and stoichiometry observed in the liquid phase, but are complicated by physical and possibly chemical interactions with the fabric. These data indicate that, for hypochlorite-containing neutralizing agents operating at strongly alkaline pH, one can expect MeS to react stoichiometrically with the hypochlorite it encounters. This suggests utility of MeS in lieu of such highly hazardous surrogates as monochloroalkyl sulfides as a simulant for threat scenarios involving the stoichiometric decomposition of sulfur mustard. Specifically, the extent of coverage of the simulant on a fabric by the neutralizing agent can be directly measured. Similar reactivity toward other halogen oxidizing agents is likely but remains to be demonstrated. C1 [Owens, Jeffery R.; Wander, Joseph D.] USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Salter, W. Bruce] USAF, Appl Res Associates, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr Bldg,1117 Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joe.wander@tyndall.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV PY 2011 VL 3 IS 11 BP 4262 EP 4267 DI 10.1021/am200929v PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 850LG UT WOS:000297195500016 PM 21981047 ER PT J AU Rosman, IS Lind, AC Russell, MJ Heffernan, MP AF Rosman, Ilana S. Lind, Anne C. Russell, Michael J. Heffernan, Michael P. TI Pruritic Scaly Rash on Arms and Legs Keratosis lichenoides chronica (KLC). SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rosman, Ilana S.; Lind, Anne C.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Heffernan, Michael P.] Cent Dermatol, St Louis, MO USA. [Russell, Michael J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Rosman, IS (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 147 IS 11 BP 1317 EP U67 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 850UW UT WOS:000297226000016 PM 22106122 ER PT J AU Barrera, JE AF Barrera, Jose E. TI Addressing Challenges of Cleft Lip and Palate Deformity in Afghanistan SO ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Barrera, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jose.barrera@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1521-2491 J9 ARCH FACIAL PLAST S JI Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 13 IS 6 BP 438 EP 440 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 850UB UT WOS:000297223900014 PM 22106192 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Kananan, BE Murari, MK McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Dowben, PA Halliburton, LE AF Brant, A. T. Kananan, B. E. Murari, M. K. McClory, J. W. Petrosky, J. C. Adamiv, V. T. Burak, Ya V. Dowben, P. A. Halliburton, L. E. TI Electron and hole traps in Ag-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; GROUND-STATE; ATOMS; EPR; CU; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; LI2B4O7-CU,AG,P; NEUTRONS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and thermoluminescence (TL) are used to characterize the primary electron and hole trapping centers in a lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystal doped with Ag. Three defects, two holelike and one electronlike, are observed after exposure at room temperature to 60 kV x-rays. The as-grown crystal contains both interstitial Ag+ ions and Ag+ ions substituting for Li+ ions. During the irradiation, substitutional Ag+ ions (4d(10)) trap holes and two distinct Ag2+ centers (4d(9)) are formed. These Ag2+ EPR spectra consist of doublets (i.e., the individual Ag-107 and Ag-109 hyperfine lines are not resolved). One of these hole centers is an isolated unperturbed Ag2+ ion and the other is a Ag2+ ion with a nearby perturbing defect. EPR and ENDOR angular-dependence data provide the g matrix and the Ag-107 and Ag-109 hyperfine matrices for the more intense isolated hole center. In contrast, the electronlike EPR spectrum produced during the irradiation exhibits large nearly isotropic hyperfine interactions with Ag-107 and Ag-109 nuclei and a neighboring I = 3/2 nucleus (either Li-7 or B-11). This spectrum is assigned to a trapped electron shared between an interstitial Ag ion and the substitutional I = 3/2 ion. Upon warming, the radiation-induced trapped electrons and holes seen with EPR recombine between 100 and 200 degrees C, in agreement with a single strong TL peak observed near 160 degrees C. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658264] C1 [Kananan, B. E.; McClory, J. W.; Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brant, A. T.; Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Murari, M. K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Adamiv, V. T.; Burak, Ya V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP McClory, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM John.McClory@afit.edu OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352]; Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Ukraine [0109U001063, 4947] FX Support for this study at the Air Force Institute of Technology was provided by Grants HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, support at West Virginia University was provided by Grant DMR-0804352 from the National Science Foundation, and support at the Institute of Physical Optics was provided through Project 0109U001063 and STCU Project 4947 from the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Ukraine. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 9 AR 093719 DI 10.1063/1.3658264 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 848OY UT WOS:000297062100059 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Critique of Horvath-Palmatier Laboratory Study on Effectiveness of Exclusive v. Non-Exclusive Control Questions in Polygraph Examination Response SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID INCREASED HEMATOCRIT; EXERCISE; DEVICES; SPLEEN C1 USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd,Bldg 32, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM james.r.jauchem.civ@mail.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1671 EP 1672 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01922.x PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 848MK UT WOS:000297055500043 PM 22040045 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Fair, GE Bouffioux, R Urban, E Morrow, J Hart, A Wilson, M AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. E. Bouffioux, R. Urban, E. Morrow, J. Hart, A. Wilson, M. TI Hi-Nicalon (TM)-S SiC Fiber Oxidation and Scale Crystallization Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBERS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LOW-OXYGEN CONTENT; THERMAL-OXIDATION; HI-NICALON; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; PASSIVE-OXIDATION; HEAT-TREATMENT; THIN-FILMS AB The oxidation and scale crystallization kinetics of Hi-Nicalon (TM)-S SiC fibers were measured after oxidation in dry air between 700 and 1400 degrees C. Scale thickness, composition, and crystallization were characterized by TEM with EDS, supplemented by SEM and optical microscopy. TEM was used to distinguish oxidation kinetics of amorphous and crystalline scales. Oxidation initially produces an amorphous silica scale that incorporates some carbon. Growth kinetics of the amorphous scale was analyzed using the flat-plate Deal-Grove model. The activation energy for parabolic oxidation was 248 kJ/mol. The scales crystallized to tridymite and cristobalite, starting at 1000 degrees C in under 100 h and 1300 degrees C in under 1 h. Crystallization kinetics had activation energy of 514 kJ/mol with a time growth exponent of 1.5. Crystalline silica nucleated at the scale surface, with more rapid growth parallel to the surface. Crystalline scales cracked from thermal residual stress and phase transformations during cool-down, and during oxidation from tensile hoop growth stress. High growth shear stress was inferred to cause intense dislocation plasticity near the crystalline SiO(2)-SiC interphase. Crystalline scales were thinner than amorphous scales, except where growth cracks allowed much more rapid oxidation. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Bouffioux, R.] New Mexico Tech U, Socorro, NM USA. [Urban, E.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Morrow, J.; Hart, A.] U Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Wilson, M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM randall.hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 94 IS 11 BP 3983 EP 3991 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04647.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 848CQ UT WOS:000297026700065 ER PT J AU Culler, AJ McNamara, JJ AF Culler, Adam J. McNamara, Jack J. TI Impact of Fluid-Thermal-Structural Coupling on Response Prediction of Hypersonic Skin Panels SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 10-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, AHS, ASME, ASC, ASCE, US Off Naval Res (ONR), US Air Force Off Sci Res ID FLOW; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; VEHICLES; FLUTTER; FLIGHT; WINGS AB The goal of the United States Air Force to field durable platforms capable of sustained hypersonic flight and responsive access to space depends on the ability to predict the response and the life of structures under combined aerothermal and aeropressure loading. However, current predictive capabilities are limited for these conditions due in part to the inability to seamlessly address fluid-thermal-structural interactions. This study aims to quantify the significance of a frequently neglected interaction, namely: the mutual coupling of structural deformation and aerodynamic heating, on response prediction. The quasi-static response of a carbon carbon skin panel is investigated. It is found that the significance of this coupling depends largely on the in-plane boundary conditions, since increasing resistance to thermal expansion results in buckling and increasing deflections into the flow. Including these deformations in aerodynamic heating results in O(10%) increase in peak temperature and O(100%) increase in surface ply failure index for deflections O(1%) of panel length. In these cases, the locations of peak temperatures and stresses are significantly altered. Finally, neglecting deformations in the aeroheating analysis results in the prediction of snap-through for a gradual heating trajectory, whereas, inclusion leads to a higher mode dominated, dynamically stable response. C1 [Culler, Adam J.] USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, AFRL RBSM Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McNamara, Jack J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Culler, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, AFRL RBSM Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2393 EP 2406 DI 10.2514/1.J050617 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 845LW UT WOS:000296825200006 ER PT J AU Baker, TW Webber, CM Tankersley, MS AF Baker, Troy W. Webber, Christopher M. Tankersley, Michael S. TI THE CITIES STUDY: CONVENTIONAL IMMUNOTHERAPY-INVESTIGATING EXISTING SCHEDULES SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY C1 [Baker, Troy W.; Webber, Christopher M.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Baker, TW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. EM troy.baker@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 107 IS 5 BP 460 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2011.03.015 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 845LZ UT WOS:000296825500014 PM 22018620 ER PT J AU Walczak, K Reinecke, TL AF Walczak, Kamil Reinecke, Thomas L. TI Scaling Rules for Telegraph Noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ballistic transport; diffusive transport; random telegraph signals (RTSs); scaling laws; stochastic switching ID SUBMICRON MOSFETS; 1/F NOISE; CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS; THERMAL AGITATION; INTERFACE TRAPS; N-MOSFETS; DEVICE; CONDUCTORS; SIGNALS; IMPACT AB A derivation of scaling rules for random telegraph signals (telegraph noise) and signal-to-noise ratios is presented, taking into consideration trap-assisted Coulomb scattering for stochastic switching. The theory applicable to this problem is based on a Landauer approach for the electric current and formal expressions for different transport regimes: diffusive, ballistic, and deep-tunneling. It is shown that the transport nature determines the scaling rules for telegraph noise with respect to dimensioniality as well as their dependences on channel length and temperature. C1 [Walczak, Kamil; Reinecke, Thomas L.] USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walczak, K (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kamil.walczak.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; reinecke@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, by the National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor M. P. Anantram. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1224 EP 1230 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2010.2042964 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 844JA UT WOS:000296742300005 ER PT J AU Nelson, JL Harmon, ME Robergs, RA AF Nelson, Jeff L. Harmon, Molly E. Robergs, Robert A. TI Identifying Plasma Glycerol Concentration Associated with Urinary Glycerol Excretion in Trained Humans SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERHYDRATION; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; DEHYDRATION; RESPONSES; TURNOVER; TIME C1 [Nelson, Jeff L.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA ADPH, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Harmon, Molly E.] Univ New Mexico, Exercise Physiol Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Harmon, Molly E.; Robergs, Robert A.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Robergs, Robert A.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Nelson, JL (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA ADPH, Human Performance Lab, 2169 Field House Dr,Ste 111, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeffrey.nelson@usafa.edu FU University of New Mexico's Office of Graduate Studies; UNM Graduate and Professional Student Association FX The authors with to thank Christine Mermier, Ph.D., for her assistance with laboratory operations, Deborah Giron for laboratory scheduling and information, and Heidi Weingart for her assistance with residual volume measurement and hydrostatic weighing. Although Dr. Robergs is a paid scientific consultant to Hydrate Beverage Company (HBC), a company that distributes a drink that contains glycerol, this study is in no way connected to HBC. Partial funding for this study was provided by a graduate research, project, and travel grant from the University of New Mexico's Office of Graduate Studies and by a student research allocations committee grant from the UNM Graduate and Professional Student Association. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 35 IS 9 SI SI BP 617 EP 623 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 848VL UT WOS:000297083100005 PM 22080901 ER EF