FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Su, WF Matyjas, JD Batalama, S AF Su, Weifeng Matyjas, John D. Batalama, Stella TI Active Cooperation Between Primary Users and Cognitive Radio Users in Heterogeneous Ad-Hoc Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cooperative communications; amplify-and-forward relaying; cognitive radio; heterogeneous ad-hoc networks ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; POWER ALLOCATION; DIVERSITY; RELAY; PROTOCOLS; CHANNELS; CAPACITY AB In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous ad-hoc network where primary users may cooperate with cognitive radio (CR) users for the transmission of their data. We propose a new cooperation protocol that allows CR users to relay primary user signals in exchange for some spectrum. The spectrum released by primary users is used by CR users for their own data transmission. The proposed protocol maximizes the primary user power savings and the CR users' own data transmission rate. In addition, it provides more robust (potentially continuous) service for CR users, compared to the conventional practice in cognitive networks where cognitive users transmit in the spectrum holes of primary users (i.e., their service is interrupted when primary users need to transmit and no spectrum holes are available). More specifically, we propose a CR user power allocation scheme that maximizes the rate of transmission of CR user own data, for any given CR user power budget and a given bandwidth released from the primary user. Furthermore, we determine a range of possible transmission power levels that can be used by the primary user during cooperation without sacrificing its target transmission rate, and we derive a necessary condition on the quality of the channel between the primary user and the CR user that enables cooperation. Extensive numerical and simulation studies illustrate our theoretical developments and show that cooperation between a primary and CR user may lead, for example, to up to 80% savings of primary user power when compared to a noncooperation scheme at the same transmission power level. C1 [Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, RIT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Su, WF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM weifeng@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil; batalama@buffalo.edu FU U.S. National Research Council (NRC); U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA87501110015, FA87501110016] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) Research Fellowship Program and by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) by Grants FA87501110015 and FA87501110016. Approved for public release (reference number: 88ABW-2011-0329). NR 26 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1796 EP 1805 DI 10.1109/TSP.2011.2181841 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 906OL UT WOS:000301355500020 ER PT J AU Siegel, J AF Siegel, Joe TI Money Well Spent SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Fox Isl, WA USA. RP Siegel, J (reprint author), USAF, Fox Isl, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD APR PY 2012 VL 133 IS 4 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 910ZN UT WOS:000301687200012 ER PT J AU Ferguson, B Shilling, R AF Ferguson, Bill Shilling, Russell TI Serious Games: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: An Interview with Innovation Information Office Program Manager CAPT Russell Shilling, PhD SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shilling, Russell] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Shilling, Russell] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Shilling, Russell] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 1 IS 2 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1089/g4h.2012.1305 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40YO UT WOS:000209514100002 ER PT J AU Kao, GK Sewell, EC Jacobson, SH Hall, SN AF Kao, Gio K. Sewell, Edward C. Jacobson, Sheldon H. Hall, Shane N. TI New dominance rules and exploration strategies for the 1|r (i) |aU (i) scheduling problem SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Branch and bound algorithms; Scheduling theory and algorithms; Dynamic programming ID SINGLE-MACHINE; LATE JOBS; WEIGHTED NUMBER; TARDINESS PROBLEM; TARDY JOBS; ALGORITHM; MINIMIZE; BRANCH; CONSTRAINTS AB The paper proposes a new exact approach, based on a Branch, Bound, and Remember (BB&R) algorithm that uses the Cyclic Best First Search (CBFS) strategy, for the 1|r (i) |aU (i) scheduling problem, a single machine scheduling problem, where the objective is to find a schedule with the minimum number of tardy jobs. The search space is reduced using new and improved dominance properties and tighter upper bounds, based on a new dynamic programming algorithm. Computational results establish the effectiveness of the BB&R algorithm with CBFS for a broad spectrum of problem instances. In particular, this algorithm was able to solve all problems instances, up to 300 jobs, while existing best known algorithms only solve problems instances up to 200 jobs. Furthermore, the BB&R algorithm with CBFS runs one to two orders of magnitude faster than the current best known algorithm on comparable instances. C1 [Kao, Gio K.; Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sewell, Edward C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Hall, Shane N.] USAF, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Jacobson, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 201 N Goodwin Ave MC 258, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM giokao@uiuc.edu; esewell@siue.edu; shj@illinois.edu; shane.hall-03@scott.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0232, FA9550-10-1-0387] FX The authors wish to thank the editor and three anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions, resulting in a significantly improved manuscript. The computational results reported were obtained using the Simulation and Optimization Laboratory. This research has been supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-07-1-0232, FA9550-10-1-0387). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1253 EP 1274 DI 10.1007/s10589-010-9378-7 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 904GB UT WOS:000301181200015 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Voevoclin, AA Zemlyanov, D Zakharov, DN Fisher, TS AF Kumar, A. Voevoclin, A. A. Zemlyanov, D. Zakharov, D. N. Fisher, T. S. TI Rapid synthesis of few-layer graphene over Cu foil SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-AREA; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY CALIBRATION; FILMS; GRAPHITE; GROWTH; COPPER; CATALYST AB We report a unique process for rapid synthesis of few-layer graphene films on Cu foil by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). We show that the plasma/metal interaction can be advantageous for a rapid synthesis of such thin films. The process can produce films of controllable quality from amorphous to highly crystalline by adjusting plasma conditions during growth processes of similar to 100 s duration and with no supplemental substrate heating. Films have been characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results help to identify the stages involved in the MPCVD deposition of thin carbon films on Cu foil, and the findings open new pathways for a rapid growth of few-layer graphene films. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, A.; Voevoclin, A. A.; Zemlyanov, D.; Zakharov, D. N.; Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevoclin, A. A.; Fisher, T. S.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1546 EP 1553 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 901ZG UT WOS:000301007800011 ER PT J AU McKeever, R Sheppard, D Nusslein, K Baek, KH Rieber, K Ergas, SJ Forbes, R Hilyard, M Park, C AF McKeever, Robert Sheppard, Diane Nuesslein, Klaus Baek, Kyung-Hwa Rieber, Khalil Ergas, Sarina J. Forbes, Rose Hilyard, Mark Park, Chul TI Biodegradation of ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane [EDB]) in microcosms simulating in situ and biostimulated conditions SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Biostimulation; EDB; Microcosms; Natural attenuation ID HYDROCARBONS; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; BACTERIA; SOILS AB Although 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) is a common groundwater contaminant, there is the lack of knowledge surrounding EDB biodegradation, especially under aerobic conditions. We have performed an extensive microcosm study to investigate the biodegradation of EDB under simulated in situ and biostimulated conditions. The materials for soil microcosms were collected from an EDB-contaminated aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation in Cape Cod, MA. This EDB plume has persisted for nearly 40 years in both aerobic and anaerobic EDB zones of the aquifer. Microcosms were constructed under environmentally relevant conditions (field EDB and DO concentrations; incubated at 12 degrees C). The results showed that natural attenuation occurred under anaerobic conditions but not under aerobic conditions, explaining why aerobic EDB contamination is so persistent. EDB degradation rates were greater under biostimulated conditions for both the aerobic and anaerobic microcosms. Particularly for aerobic biostimulation, methane-amended microcosms degraded EDB, on average, at a first order rate eight times faster than unamended microcosms. The best performing replicate achieved an EDB degradation rate of 7.0 yr(-1) (half-life (t(1/2))=0.10 yr). Residual methane concentrations and the emergence of methanotrophic bacteria, measured by culture independent bacterial analysis, provided strong indications that EDB degradation in aerobic methane-amended microcosms occurred via cometabolic degradation. These results indicate the potential for enhanced natural attenuation of EDB and that methane could be considered co-substrate for EDB bioremediation for the EDB-contaminated groundwater in aerobic zone. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McKeever, Robert; Sheppard, Diane; Park, Chul] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nuesslein, Klaus; Baek, Kyung-Hwa; Rieber, Khalil] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ergas, Sarina J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Forbes, Rose] USAF, Ctr Engn & Environm, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. [Hilyard, Mark] CH2M Hill Massachusetts Mil Reservat, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 16A Marston, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM park@ecs.umass.edu RI Ergas, Sarina/B-5489-2013 FU Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) FX This research was funded by The Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE). We thank AFCEE/CH2M HILL for providing us with soil core and groundwater samples. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 209 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.067 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913NM UT WOS:000301884700012 PM 22301079 ER PT J AU Sinha, V Srinivasan, R Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Sinha, V. Srinivasan, R. Tamirisakandala, S. Miracle, D. B. TI Superplastic behavior of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloy; Superplasticity; Strain rate sensitivity ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY; TIC)/TI MATRIX COMPOSITE; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; (TIB; DIFFUSION; SHEET AB The superplastic behavior of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B sheet was evaluated. The strain rate sensitivity (m) is >= 0.47 in the temperature range 775-900 degrees C and at strain rate, (epsilon) over dot = 10(-5) to 10(-3) s(-1). The material exhibits tensile elongations > 200% in the temperature range 725-950 degrees C at (epsilon) over dot = 3 x 10(-4) s(-1). The optimum superplastic forming temperature is 900 degrees C, which is similar to conventional Ti-6Al-4V. However, a lower flow stress is needed in the case of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1 B. The superplastic deformation mechanism is suggested from estimates of activation energy to be grain boundary sliding (CBS) accommodated by dislocation motion along grain boundaries at (epsilon) over dot = 10(-4) s(-1) and is diffusion-controlled dislocation climb at (epsilon) over dot = 10(-3) s(-1). Microstructural observations also confirm that CBS is the operating deformation mechanism at 900 degrees C and (epsilon) over dot = 3 x 10(-4) s(-1). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinha, V.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sinha, V.; Tamirisakandala, S.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Wright State Univ, Mech & Mat Engn Dept, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tamirisakandala, S.] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. RP Sinha, V (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM vikas.sinha@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [FA9650-04-D-5233, FA8650-10-D-5226]; EMTEC [CT-86] FX This research was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (Contract # FA9650-04-D-5233 and FA8650-10-D-5226). The authors thank Mike Scott (UES, Inc.) for help with running the high temperature tension tests. The Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B sheets used in this study were fabricated in collaboration with Scott Reed (Flowserve) and Oscar Yu (RTI) under EMTEC Project CT-86. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 539 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.12.058 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 915SI UT WOS:000302047300002 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Gentile, LC Shomo, SR Roddy, PA Pfaff, RF AF Burke, William J. Gentile, Louise C. Shomo, Shannon R. Roddy, Patrick A. Pfaff, Robert F. TI Images of bottomside irregularities observed at topside altitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; F-REGION; SPREAD-F; ELECTRIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERE; SCINTILLATION; CLIMATOLOGY AB We analyzed plasma and field measurements acquired by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during an eight-hour period on 13-14 January 2010 when strong to moderate 250 MHz scintillation activity was observed at nearby Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) ground stations. C/NOFS consistently detected relatively small-scale density and electric field irregularities embedded within large-scale (similar to 100 km) structures at topside altitudes. Significant spectral power measured at the Fresnel (similar to 1 km) scale size suggests that C/NOFS was magnetically conjugate to bottomside irregularities similar to those directly responsible for the observed scintillations. Simultaneous ion drift and plasma density measurements indicate three distinct types of large-scale irregularities: (1) upward moving depletions, (2) downward moving depletions, and (3) upward moving density enhancements. The first type has the characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles; the second and third do not. The data suggest that both downward moving depletions and upward moving density enhancements and the embedded small-scale irregularities may be regarded as Alfvenic images of bottomside irregularities. This interpretation is consistent with predictions of previously reported theoretical modeling and with satellite observations of upward-directed Poynting flux in the low-latitude ionosphere. C1 [Burke, William J.; Gentile, Louise C.; Shomo, Shannon R.; Roddy, Patrick A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, William J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Pfaff, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Task [12RV10COR]; Boston College; [FA8718-08-C-0012] FX Support for the present work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Task 12RV10COR, and AF contract FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. The authors are very grateful to R.A. Heelis for helpful discussions about the possible roles of Alfven waves in the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03332 DI 10.1029/2011JA017169 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 918LZ UT WOS:000302252500001 ER PT J AU Blank, L Weeks, DE Kedziora, GS AF Blank, L. Weeks, David E. Kedziora, Gary S. TI M plus Ng potential energy curves including spin-orbit coupling for M = K, Rb, Cs and Ng = He, Ne, Ar SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNITARY-GROUP APPROACH; TRANSMISSION SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITED-STATES; PROGRAM SYSTEM; BROWN DWARFS; VAPOR LASER; T-DWARFS; LINES; COLLISIONS AB The X-2 Sigma(+)(1/2), A(2)Pi(1/2), A(2)Pi(3/2), and B-2 Sigma(+)(1/2) potential energy curves and associated dipole matrix elements are computed for M + Ng at the spin-orbit multi-reference configuration interaction level, where M = K, Rb, Cs and Ng = He, Ne, Ar. Dissociation energies and equilibrium positions for all minima are identified and corresponding vibrational energy levels are computed. Difference potentials are used together with the quasistatic approximation to estimate the position of satellite peaks of collisionally broadened D2 lines. The comparison of potential energy curves for different alkali atom and noble gas atom combinations is facilitated by using the same level of theory for all nine M + Ng pairs.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3696377] C1 [Blank, L.; Weeks, David E.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kedziora, Gary S.] Dynam Res Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blank, L (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.weeks@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Department of Defense; AFRL DSRC FX The authors are grateful to M. C. Heaven for several useful discussions regarding potential energy curves and line broadening models. We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. We would also like to acknowledge the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program and the AFRL DSRC for computer time and support. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 12 AR 124315 DI 10.1063/1.3696377 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917YU UT WOS:000302216200041 PM 22462865 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics of electron attachment to OH and HNO3 and mutual neutralization of Ar+ with NO2- and NO3- at 300 and 500 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLOWING-AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; PHASE ION CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULES; ENERGY; CAPTURE; SF6 AB The electron attachment rate constant to nitric acid (HNO3) has been measured in a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus at 300 and 500 K using three independent methods: the traditional FALP technique of monitoring electron depletion, "one-gas" VENDAMS (variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry), and "two-gas" VENDAMS. The three measurements are in agreement with a 300 K weighted average of 1.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), 2 to 10 times higher than previously reported values. Attachment is primarily dissociative yielding NO2- as previously reported, but for the first time a small endothermic channel to produce OH- was also observed at 500 K. From the one-gas VENDAMS data, associative attachment to the OH produced in the primary attachment was found to occur with an effective two body rate constant of 1.2 +/-(3)(0.7) x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, the first reported rate constant for this radical species. Finally, ion-ion neutralization rate constants of NO2- and NO3- with Ar+ were determined to be 5.2 +/-(1.5)(2.5) x 10(-8) and 4.5 +/- 2.5 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, respectively. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3694876] C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Shuman, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFOSR [2303EP]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX This project was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFOSR (Contract No. 2303EP). T.M.M. is under contract (FA8718-10-C-0002) from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 12 AR 124307 DI 10.1063/1.3694876 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917YU UT WOS:000302216200033 PM 22462857 ER PT J AU Troe, J Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Troe, Juergen Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Communication: Revised electron affinity of SF6 from kinetic data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dissociation energies; electron affinity; electron attachment; negative ions; reaction kinetics theory; reaction rate constants; sulphur compounds; vibrational states AB Previously determined experimental data for thermal attachment of electrons to SF6 and thermal detachment from SF6- over the range 590-670 K are reevaluated by a third-law analysis. Recent high precision calculations of SF6- harmonic frequences and anharmonicities (for several of the modes) lead to considerable changes in modeled vibrational partition functions which then have to be accommodated for by a smaller value of the derived adiabatic electron affinity EA of SF6. The previously estimated value of EA = 1.20 (+/- 0.05) eV in this way is reduced to a value of EA = 1.03 (+/- 0.05) eV. In addition, the bond dissociation energy E-0,E-dis for SF6 -> SF5 + F is reduced to E-0,E-dis = 1.44 (+/- 0.05) eV. Finally, the consequences for modeled specific rate constants k(det)(E,J) of electron detachment from SF6- are discussed. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3698170] C1 [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de FU EOARD [FA8655-11-1-3077] FX The most helpful discussions of this work with W. Eisfeld, who also provided us updated rotational constants of SF6- as well as extended calculations of anharmonic energy levels, are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank K. Morokuma for sharing his new results3 with us. The work was supported by the EOARD Grant Award FA8655-11-1-3077. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 12 AR 121102 DI 10.1063/1.3698170 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917YU UT WOS:000302216200002 PM 22462826 ER PT J AU Koerner, H MacCuspie, RI Park, K Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar MacCuspie, Robert I. Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. TI In Situ UV/Vis, SAXS, and TEM Study of Single-Phase Gold Nanoparticle Growth SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticle; small angle X-ray scattering; transmission electron microscopy; nanoparticle growth; kinetics ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PARTICLE-SIZE; KINETICS; PEPTIDE; TEMPLATES; NANORODS; NUCLEATION; MOLECULES; PHOTOREDUCTION; NANOCRYSTALS AB Given the diverse scientific and technological applications of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), understanding the impact of macromolecular additives on the distribution of size, shape, and composition is crucial to ensure reproducibility and lower production cost. In situ measurement of the evolution of these distributions challenges current techniques; however, it is critical for in-line manufacturing controls. Using mild Au(I) reduction by tert-butylamine-borane in toluene, the utility and limitations of SAXS, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and TEM are considered by comparing the mean nanoparticle size, size distribution, and relative number density. Individually, these techniques are insufficient to follow these parameters through the initial process of nucleation and growth; either providing insufficient information on the number of particles (UV/Vis), introducing artifacts (TEM), or not providing a unique solution for the shape of the distribution (SAXS). However, when used in conjunction, especially SAXS calibrated with TEM of reaction aliquots, the time evolution of these parameters can be quantified. For the single-phase Au NP synthesis with Au(I) and mild reductants, four distinct experimental regions are revealed that entail two growth mechanisms, which complement previous discussions of single-mode growth kinetics. The kinetics of Au(I):borane reactions are dependent on the Au precursor/reductant ratio and the thiol capping agent length, when reductant concentration is low. The final reaction products exhibit an LSW size distribution. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Park, Kyoungweon] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We would like to thank the following people for their help: Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Dr. Eric Schaible, for guidance, setup, and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at ALS/LBNL (as well as Lixia Rong at beamline X27C of NSLS/BNL). We also thank Jan Ilavsky for providing and refining the Nika data reduction routine. Sanat Kumar and Michael Clark of Columbia University are acknowledged for extremely fruitful discussions on growth kinetics. This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Finally, we would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 14 U2 131 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 BP 981 EP 995 DI 10.1021/cm202633v PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 914JX UT WOS:000301947000006 ER PT J AU Park, J Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Back, TC AF Park, Jeongho Mitchel, W. C. Elhamri, Said Back, Tyson C. TI Effect of in-situ oxygen on the electronic properties of graphene grown by carbon molecular beam epitaxy grown SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE; SUBSTRATE; FILMS; SIO2 AB We report that graphene grown by molecular beam epitaxy from solid carbon (CMBE) on (0001) SiC in the presence of unintentional oxygen exhibits a small bandgap on the order of tens of meV. The presence of bandgaps is confirmed by temperature dependent Hall effect and resistivity measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements suggest that oxygen incorporates into the SiC substrate in the form of O-Si-C and not into the graphene as graphene oxide or some other species. The effect is independent of the carrier type of the graphene. Temperature dependent transport measurements show the presence of hopping conduction in the resistivity and a concurrent disappearance of the Hall voltage. Interactions between the graphene layers and the oxidized substrate are believed to be responsible for the bandgap. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697830] C1 [Park, Jeongho; Mitchel, W. C.; Back, Tyson C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeongho.park@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Harold Weinstock). We thank M. G. Landis for technical assistance. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 13 AR 133107 DI 10.1063/1.3697830 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 918DZ UT WOS:000302230800065 ER PT J AU Ward, B AF Ward, Benjamin TI Bend performance-enhanced photonic crystal fibers with anisotropic numerical aperture (vol 16, pg 8532, 2008) SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Correction AB An error was made in converting the units of bend radius within the computer program used to obtain the reported results. This caused the calculated values of the bending induced stress to be significantly smaller than their true value. Corrected results for stress within the fiber and bend losses are reported. Since bending-induced stresses cause a relatively small correction to the refractive index profile, these corrections result in no changes in the main conclusions of this work. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward.1@us.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 7 BP 7966 EP 7972 DI 10.1364/OE.20.007966 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 916YJ UT WOS:000302138800108 ER PT J AU Firth, J Black, J AF Firth, Jordan Black, Jonathan TI Vibration interaction in a multiple flywheel system SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This paper investigates vibration interaction in a multiple flywheel system. Flywheels can be used for kinetic energy storage in a satellite Integrated Power and Attitude Control System (IPACS). One hitherto unstudied problem with IPACS is vibration interaction between multiple unbalanced wheels. This paper uses a linear state-space dynamics model to study the impact of vibration interaction. Specifically, imbalance-induced vibration inputs in one flywheel rotor are used to cause a resonant whirling vibration in another rotor. Extra-synchronous resonant vibrations are shown to exist, but with damping modeled the effect is minimal. Vibration is most severe when both rotors are spinning in the same direction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Firth, Jordan; Black, Jonathan] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Black, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jordan.firth@us.af.mil; jonathan.black@afit.edu RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 FU NASA Glenn Research Center FX The authors would like to thank Ray Beach and the other members of the flywheel team at NASA Glenn Research Center for their support. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 331 IS 7 BP 1701 EP 1714 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2011.11.028 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 892BY UT WOS:000300262900016 ER PT J AU Ali, SF Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Trickler, WJ AF Ali, Syed F. Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Trickler, William J. TI Engineered metallic nanoparticles and blood-brain-barrier SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ali, Syed F.] US FDA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.; Schlager, John J.; Trickler, William J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, HED AFRL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Syed.ali@fda.hhs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 185-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104969 ER PT J AU Chushak, Y Martin, JA Hagen, J Chavez, JL Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Chushak, Yaroslav Martin, Jennifer A. Hagen, Joshua Chavez, Jorge L. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. TI Combination of in silico design and microarray screening for high-throughput selection of protein binding peptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav; Martin, Jennifer A.; Hagen, Joshua; Chavez, Jorge L.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yaroslav.chushak@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 278-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104463 ER PT J AU Cole, C Knoerzer, T AF Cole, Caleb Knoerzer, Timm TI Synthesis of orthogonal chain-growth polymers from novel tripodal monomeric structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cole, Caleb; Knoerzer, Timm] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C12Caleb.Cole@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1372-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103053 ER PT J AU Danielson, S Ball, DW Kettwich, SC Iacono, ST AF Danielson, Seth Ball, David W. Kettwich, Sharon C. Iacono, Scott T. TI Design of fluoropolymer metal composites for energetic materials development SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Danielson, Seth; Ball, David W.; Kettwich, Sharon C.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c12seth.danielson@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1367-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103048 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Strack, GM Nadeau, LJ Tatum, RN Luckarift, HR Pachter, R Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Strack, Guinevere M. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Tatum, Randi N. Luckarift, Heather R. Pachter, Ruth Johnson, Glenn R. TI Structure-function characterization and redox tuning of a multicopper oxidase for biological fuel cell cathodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eby, D. Matthew; Tatum, Randi N.; Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Strack, Guinevere M.; Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 15-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100556 ER PT J AU Emami, FS Berry, RJ Naik, RR Perry, CC Patwardhan, SV Heinz, H AF Emami, Fateme S. Berry, Rajiv J. Naik, Rajesh R. Perry, Carole C. Patwardhan, Siddharth V. Heinz, Hendrik TI Atomistic simulation of aqueous silica interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Emami, Fateme S.; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Berry, Rajiv J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perry, Carole C.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England. [Patwardhan, Siddharth V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM fe2@zips.uakron.edu RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 118-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203823 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, Barry L. TI Polymer research for the Air Force: Interests and opportunities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 439-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204677 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Roy, A Brown, J Lee, J Varshney, V AF Farmer, Barry L. Roy, Ajit Brown, Joshua Lee, Jonghoon (Jay) Varshney, Vikas TI Modeling thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Farmer, Barry L.; Roy, Ajit] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brown, Joshua; Lee, Jonghoon (Jay); Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 143-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203848 ER PT J AU Fillery, S Kern, K Koerner, H Drummy, L Tchoul, M Beier, C Brutchey, RL Durstock, MF Vaia, RA AF Fillery, Scott Kern, Kimberly Koerner, Hilmar Drummy, Lawrence Tchoul, Maxim Beier, Christopher Brutchey, Richard L. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Single component BaTiO3 polymer nanocomposites: Polymer-nanoparticle hybrids for capacitive energy storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fillery, Scott; Kern, Kimberly; Koerner, Hilmar; Drummy, Lawrence; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tchoul, Maxim] Osram Sylvania Corp, Beverly, MA USA. [Beier, Christopher; Brutchey, Richard L.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 229-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203933 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Fu, YT Zartman, GD Liu, H Drummy, LF AF Heinz, Hendrik Fu, Yao-Tsung Zartman, Gregory D. Liu, Hua Drummy, Lawrence F. TI Nanomechanics and dispersion of layered silicates in polymer matrices: Moduli, cleavage energy, and free energy of exfoliation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Fu, Yao-Tsung; Zartman, Gregory D.; Liu, Hua] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1172-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201528 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Fu, YT Zartman, GD Yoonessi, M Drummy, LF AF Heinz, Hendrik Fu, Yao-Tsung Zartman, Gregory D. Yoonessi, Mitra Drummy, Lawrence F. TI Bending of layered silicates on the nanometer scale: Mechanism, stored energy, and curvature limits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Fu, Yao-Tsung; Zartman, Gregory D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yoonessi, Mitra] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Div Polymer, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 685-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104125 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Feng, J Jha, KC Berry, RJ Naik, RR Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Feng, Jie Jha, Kshitij C. Berry, Rajiv J. Naik, Rajesh R. Farmer, Barry L. TI Mechanism of adsorption of peptides and surfactants on metal surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Feng, Jie; Jha, Kshitij C.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Berry, Rajiv J.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 518-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103957 ER PT J AU Hong, GY Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth TI Oxygen inhibition of the biocatalysis in [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases: A combination of empirical molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gongyi.hong.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 383-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104564 ER PT J AU Jones, SE AF Jones, Sharon E. TI Isolation and characterization of peptides that interact with graphene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jones, Sharon E.] Air Force Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sharon.jones@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 173-BIOL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100498 ER PT J AU Keck, SD Knoerzer, TA Iacono, ST AF Keck, Stephen D. Knoerzer, Timm A. Iacono, Scott T. TI Chemical detection and decontamination of G series nerve agents: A novel method for detection combining phosphorescing organic detectors with conductive polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Keck, Stephen D.; Knoerzer, Timm A.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c12stephen.keck@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1366-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103047 ER PT J AU Kettwich, SC Pierson, SN Iacono, ST AF Kettwich, Sharon C. Pierson, Scott N. Iacono, Scott T. TI Structure-property relationships of partially fluorinated silsesquioxane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kettwich, Sharon C.; Pierson, Scott N.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM sharon.kettwich@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 336-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204584 ER PT J AU Knoerzer, TA Hicks, BW AF Knoerzer, Timm A. Hicks, Barry W. TI What we're doing isn't working: An alternative to the traditional general chemistry course SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Knoerzer, Timm A.; Hicks, Barry W.] US Air Force Acad, USAF Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM timm.knoerzer@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 112-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101823 ER PT J AU Kusel, BS Iacono, ST Kettwich, SC AF Kusel, Bradley S. Iacono, Scott T. Kettwich, Sharon C. TI Synthesis and optimization of fluorinated epoxy resins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kusel, Bradley S.; Iacono, Scott T.; Kettwich, Sharon C.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c12bradley.kusel@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1363-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103044 ER PT J AU Lovingood, D Simpson, K Owens, J AF Lovingood, Derek Simpson, Katherine Owens, Jeffery TI Modification of cotton fibers with silica nanoparticles and silica species via microwave synthetic techniques for adsorption of chemical agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lovingood, Derek] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Simpson, Katherine] Univ Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Owens, Jeffery] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM derek.lovingood.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 530-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103968 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Natarajan, LV Dunning, M Tondigilia, VP White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Dunning, Madeline Tondigilia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Helicoidally structured gels undergoing order-disorder phase transitions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Dunning, Madeline; Tondigilia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 239-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203943 ER PT J AU Park, K Nepal, D Biswas, S Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Nepal, Dhriti Biswas, Sushmita Vaia, Richard A. TI Discrete, monodisperse, plasmonic nano-architectures by solvent induced assembly of poly (ethylene glycol) functionalized gold nanorods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Nepal, Dhriti; Biswas, Sushmita; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kyoungweon.park.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 204-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203908 ER PT J AU Roy, J Lau, C Atanassov, P Luckarift, H Eby, DM Johnson, GR AF Roy, Jared Lau, Carolin Atanassov, Plamen Luckarift, Heather Eby, D. Matthew Johnson, Glenn R. TI Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm formation induced by polarized surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roy, Jared; Lau, Carolin; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87121 USA. [Luckarift, Heather; Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jaredunm@unm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 542-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105301 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Luckadrift, HR Johnson, GR Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, Steven Luckadrift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. Pachter, Ruth TI Immobilization of laccases on single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes: A molecular dynamics study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Trohalaki, Steven; Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Trohalaki, Steven] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. [Luckadrift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 615-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104772 ER PT J AU Cho, HD Zakirov, AS Yuldashev, SU Ahn, CW Yeo, YK Kang, TW AF Cho, Hak Dong Zakirov, Anvar S. Yuldashev, Shavkat U. Ahn, Chi Won Yeo, Yung Kee Kang, Tae Won TI Photovoltaic device on a single ZnO nanowire p-n homojunction SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; SOLAR-CELLS; ZINC-OXIDE; NANOGENERATORS; ARRAYS; LASERS AB A photovoltaic device was successfully grown solely based on the single ZnO p-n homojunction nanowire. The ZnO nanowire p-n diode consists of an as- grown n-type segment and an in situ arsenic-doped p-type segment. This p-n homojunction acts as a good photovoltaic cell, producing a photocurrent almost 45 times larger than the dark current under reverse-biased conditions. Our results demonstrate that the present ZnO p-n homojunction nanowire can be used as a self-powered ultraviolet photodetector as well as a photovoltaic cell, which can also be used as an ultralow electrical power source for nanoscale electronic, optoelectronic and medical devices. C1 [Cho, Hak Dong; Zakirov, Anvar S.; Yuldashev, Shavkat U.; Kang, Tae Won] Dongguk Univ Seoul, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Zakirov, Anvar S.; Yuldashev, Shavkat U.] Uzbek Acad Sci, Dept Thermophys, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. [Ahn, Chi Won] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Nanomat Lab, Natl Nanofab Ctr, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Yeo, Yung Kee] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cho, HD (reprint author), Dongguk Univ Seoul, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM twkang@dongguk.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean government's Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2011-0000016]; NRF; MEST [2011-00125] FX This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government's Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (no. 2011-0000016) and by the Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program through the NRF funded by the MEST (no. 2011-00125). NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 69 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 11 AR 115401 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115401 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 910SI UT WOS:000301661700006 PM 22383446 ER PT J AU Tao, X Bortnik, J Thorne, RM Albert, JM Li, W AF Tao, X. Bortnik, J. Thorne, R. M. Albert, J. M. Li, W. TI Effects of amplitude modulation on nonlinear interactions between electrons and chorus waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; VLF WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; EMISSIONS AB The effects of amplitude modulation on nonlinear interactions between a parallel propagating chorus wave packet and electrons in a dipole field are investigated in this work using a test particle code. Previous research used a single wave to model a chorus wave element, leading to nonlinear processes such as phase trapping and bunching when the wave amplitude was large enough. However, high resolution observations of chorus wave packets show a modulation of the wave amplitude, forming the so-called chorus subpackets or subelements. Here we first extend a previous method to model a realistic chorus packet. Using the modeled chorus packet, we demonstrate directly that including the realistic amplitude modulation could significantly affect the behavior of resonant electrons. Our results suggest that the amplitude modulation should be considered in the quantitative treatment of interactions between electrons and chorus waves. Citation: Tao, X., J. Bortnik, R. M. Thorne, J. M. Albert, and W. Li (2012), Effects of amplitude modulation on nonlinear interactions between electrons and chorus waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06102, doi:10.1029/2012GL051202. C1 [Tao, X.; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Albert, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,7115 Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xtao@atmos.ucla.edu RI Li, Wen/F-3722-2011; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU NSF [0903802]; NSF/DOE; NASA [NNX11AR64G, NAS5-02099] FX This research was supported at UCLA by NSF grant 0903802, which was awarded through the NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program, and NASA grant NNX11AR64G. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS mission, specifically A. Roux and O. LeContel for use of SCM data. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06102 DI 10.1029/2012GL051202 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914GG UT WOS:000301936900001 ER PT J AU Stauffer, HU Miller, JD Roy, S Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Stauffer, Hans U. Miller, Joseph D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. TI Communication: Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering thermometry using a narrowband time-asymmetric probe pulse SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION; PRESSURE AB A narrowband, time-asymmetric probe pulse is introduced into the hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps RCARS) technique to provide accurate and precise single-shot, high-repetition-rate gas-phase thermometric measurements. This narrowband pulse-generated by inserting a Fabry-Perot etalon into the probe-pulse beam path-enables frequency-domain detection of pure-rotational transitions. The unique time-asymmetric nature of this pulse, in turn, allows for detection of resonant Raman-active rotational transitions free of signal contamination by nonresonant four-wave-mixing processes while still allowing detection at short probe-pulse delays, where collisional dephasing processes are negligible. We demonstrate that this approach provides excellent single-shot thermometric accuracy (<1% error) and precision (similar to 2.5%) in gas-phase environments. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3693669] C1 [Stauffer, Hans U.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stauffer, HU (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM hans.stauffer.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1056006]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-10-C-2008] FX Funding was provided, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET-1056006, Dr. Arvind Atreya, Program Official), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager), and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008. J.D.M. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1063/1.3693669 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917YG UT WOS:000302214200001 PM 22443740 ER PT J AU Aveiro, HC Hysell, DL Caton, RG Groves, KM Klenzing, J Pfaff, RF Stoneback, R Heelis, RA AF Aveiro, H. C. Hysell, D. L. Caton, R. G. Groves, K. M. Klenzing, J. Pfaff, R. F. Stoneback, R. Heelis, R. A. TI Three-dimensional numerical simulations of equatorial spread F: Results and observations in the Pacific sector SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC PLASMA CLOUDS; SCATTERING LAYERS; DRIFT WAVES; RADAR; IRREGULARITIES; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; ECHOES; MODEL; WINDS AB A three-dimensional numerical simulation of plasma density irregularities in the postsunset equatorial F region ionosphere leading to equatorial spread F (ESF) is described. The simulation evolves under realistic background conditions including bottomside plasma shear flow and vertical current. It also incorporates C/NOFS satellite data which partially specify the forcing. A combination of generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability (GRT) and collisional shear instability (CSI) produces growing waveforms with key features that agree with C/NOFS satellite and ALTAIR radar observations in the Pacific sector, including features such as gross morphology and rates of development. The transient response of CSI is consistent with the observation of bottomside waves with wavelengths close to 30 km, whereas the steady state behavior of the combined instability can account for the 100+ km wavelength waves that predominate in the F region. C1 [Aveiro, H. C.; Hysell, D. L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Caton, R. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Stoneback, R.; Heelis, R. A.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Klenzing, J.; Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Aveiro, HC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 2122 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hca24@cornell.edu RI Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Stoneback, Russell/0000-0001-7216-4336 FU Air Force Office of Sponsored Research [FA9550-09-1-0337]; NASA [NNX10AM94G] FX This work was supported by award FA9550-09-1-0337 from the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research to Cornell University. The CINDI project is supported at the University of Texas at Dallas by NASA grant NNX10AM94G. Special thanks go to Dale Sponseller and the rest of the Kwajalein Range Systems crew at the Kwajalein Missile Range for their support during the 2009 C/NOFS campaign. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03325 DI 10.1029/2011JA017077 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914GY UT WOS:000301938900001 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, O Sun, YQ Thaner, R Bratt, A Shenoy, V Wong, MS Jones, J Billups, WE AF Kuznetsov, Oleksandr Sun, Yanqiu Thaner, Ryan Bratt, Ariana Shenoy, Varun Wong, Michael S. Jones, John Billups, W. E. TI Water-Soluble Nanodiamond SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; NANOSCALE DIAMOND; CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITIZATION; POWDER AB Reduction of the graphenic edges of annealed nanodiamond by sodium in liquid ammonia leads to a nanodiamond salt that reacts with either alkyl or aryl halides by electron transfer to yield radical anions that dissociate spontaneously into free radicals and halide. The free radicals were observed to add readily to the aromatic rings of the annealed nanodiamond. Nanodiamonds functionalized by phenyl radicals were sulfonated in oleum, and the resulting sulfonic acid was converted to the sodium salt by treatment with sodium hydroxide. The solubility of the salt in water was determined to be 248 mg/L. Nanodiamond functionalized by carboxylic acid groups could be prepared by reacting 5-bromovaleric acid with the annealed nanodiamond salt. The solubility of the sodium carboxylate in water was found to be 160 mg/L. C1 [Sun, Yanqiu; Thaner, Ryan; Bratt, Ariana; Billups, W. E.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Sun, Yanqiu; Thaner, Ryan; Bratt, Ariana; Billups, W. E.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kuznetsov, Oleksandr] Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Shenoy, Varun; Wong, Michael S.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Jones, John] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billups, WE (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM billups@rice.edu RI Wong, Michael/F-9286-2010 OI Wong, Michael/0000-0002-3652-3378 FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-0490] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Robert A. Welch Foundation (C-0490) for support of this work. We thank Dr. G. C. Kini for fruitful discussions. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 11 BP 5243 EP 5248 DI 10.1021/la204660h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 910KZ UT WOS:000301636900041 PM 22360371 ER PT J AU Fritsche, M Pandey, RB Farmer, BL Heermann, DW AF Fritsche, Miriam Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, Barry L. Heermann, Dieter W. TI Conformational Temperature-Dependent Behavior of a Histone H2AX: A Coarse-Grained Monte Carlo Approach Via Knowledge-Based Interaction Potentials SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE; SIMULATIONS; MODEL; PROTEINS; DYNAMICS; PEPTIDE AB Histone proteins are not only important due to their vital role in cellular processes such as DNA compaction, replication and repair but also show intriguing structural properties that might be exploited for bioengineering purposes such as the development of nano-materials. Based on their biological and technological implications, it is interesting to investigate the structural properties of proteins as a function of temperature. In this work, we study the spatial response dynamics of the histone H2AX, consisting of 143 residues, by a coarse-grained bond fluctuating model for a broad range of normalized temperatures. A knowledge-based interaction matrix is used as input for the residue-residue Lennard-Jones potential. We find a variety of equilibrium structures including global globular configurations at low normalized temperature (T* = 0.014), combination of segmental globules and elongated chains (T* = 0.016,0.017), predominantly elongated chains (T* = 0.019,0.020), as well as universal SAW conformations at high normalized temperature (T* >= 0.023). The radius of gyration of the protein exhibits a non-monotonic temperature dependence with a maximum at a characteristic temperature (T-c* = 0.019) where a crossover occurs from a positive (stretching at T* <= T-c*) to negative (contraction at T* >= T-c*) thermal response on increasing T*. C1 [Fritsche, Miriam; Heermann, Dieter W.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heermann, Dieter W.] Jackson Lab, Inst Mol Biophys, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Heermann, Dieter W.] Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Fritsche, M (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. EM fritsche@tphys.uni-heidelberg.de FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Alexander von Humboldt foundation FX Support from the Air Force Research Laboratory and Alexander von Humboldt foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32075 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032075 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939TA UT WOS:000303836500004 PM 22442661 ER PT J AU Michell, RG McHarg, MG Samara, M Hampton, DL AF Michell, R. G. McHarg, M. G. Samara, M. Hampton, D. L. TI Spectral analysis of flickering aurora SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALIGNED ELECTRON FLUX; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES AB We present a case study of a flickering aurora event observed from Poker Flat, Alaska. The data were recorded using an Andor EMCCD narrow field of view (15 degrees x 15 degrees) imager. The images were recorded at 33.58 frames per second resulting in 256 x 256 pixel images. The specific event analyzed consists of a time series of images lasting approximately 30 seconds (1000 images) where flickering aurora was observed throughout the entire sequence. An asymmetry was found in the scale size of the patches, with the East-West direction being approximately twice as large as the North-South direction. The calculation of the spatiotemporal spectra reveals that the temporal frequencies of the luminosity variations occur throughout the well-defined range of 5 Hz to 14 Hz, with a sharp increase in power around 5 Hz and the peak at approximately 10 Hz. These data are compared to the theoretically calculated dispersion relation for ion cyclotron waves and the observed wave power can be bounded by using a k(parallel to) between 1 x 10(-5) m(-1) and 3 x 10(-5) m-(1) for an altitude of 3100 km. Observationally there is a lack of power at values of k(perpendicular to) larger than similar to 2 x 10(-3) m(-1), suggesting the existence of a minimum spatial scale for flickering auroral patches of approximately the O+ ion gyroradius (similar to 1 km) at the interaction altitude. C1 [Michell, R. G.; Samara, M.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hampton, D. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Michell, RG (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci & Engn, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM rmichell@swri.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0836410]; PFISR FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-0836410. The authors thank SRI International for their support in the operation of PFISR. Many thanks to the referees, whose comments significantly improved the quality of this paper. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03321 DI 10.1029/2011JA016703 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 910TZ UT WOS:000301667000001 ER PT J AU Johnsen, MG Lorentzen, DA Holmes, JM Lovhaug, UP AF Johnsen, M. G. Lorentzen, D. A. Holmes, J. M. Lovhaug, U. P. TI A model based method for obtaining the open/closed field line boundary from the cusp auroral 6300 angstrom[OI] red line SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; EISCAT SVALBARD RADAR; POLAR-CAP; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSPS; OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; SPATIAL VARIATION; F-REGION; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA AB Ground based optical instruments are invaluable tools for studies of processes associated with the cusps and auroral morphology. In this work we present a method for obtaining the magnetic latitude of the open/closed field line boundary (OCB) from the cusp 6300 angstrom[OI] auroral red line using a meridian scanning photometer. The method which is based on a pre-defined reference cusp aurora produced by the GLOW model is examined with respect to uncertainties, and we describe how a set of equations describing the error is constructed. The method is applicable to data from optical instruments located at high latitude observation sites such as Svalbard and Antarctica. Equations describing both errors and the mapping altitude for transforming the OCB from instrument centered coordinates to magnetic latitude for instrumentation located in Svalbard (Longyearbyen) are presented. Further, by applying the GLOW model we present results illustrating the great variability in the altitude profile of the atomic oxygen 6300 angstrom[OI] red line emission in the cusp. A simple calculation showing how a poleward neutral wind will change the latitudinal shape of the cusp aurora is also performed. C1 [Johnsen, M. G.; Lovhaug, U. P.] Univ Tromso, Fac Sci & Technol, Tromso Geophys Observ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Lorentzen, D. A.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Geophys, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Holmes, J. M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Johnsen, MG (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Fac Sci & Technol, Tromso Geophys Observ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM magnar.g.johnsen@uit.no NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03319 DI 10.1029/2011JA016980 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 910TX UT WOS:000301666700002 ER PT J AU Kuo, S Snyder, A Kossey, P Chang, CL Labenski, J AF Kuo, Spencer Snyder, Arnold Kossey, Paul Chang, Chia-Lie Labenski, John TI Beating HF waves to generate VLF waves in the ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODULATED POLAR ELECTROJET; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; ELF RADIATION; EXCITATION AB Beat-wave generation of very low frequency (VLF) waves by two HF heaters in the ionosphere is formulated theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The heater-induced differential thermal pressure force and ponderomotive force, which dominate separately in the D and F regions of the ionosphere, drive an electron current for the VLF emission. A comparison, applying appropriate ionospheric parameters shows that the ponderomotive force dominates in beat-wave generation of VLF waves. Three experiments, one in the nighttime in the absence of D and E layers and two in the daytime in the presence of D and E layers, were performed. X mode HF heaters of slightly different frequencies were transmitted at CW full power. VLF waves at 10 frequencies ranging from 3.5 to 21.5 kHz were generated. The frequency dependencies of the daytime and nighttime radiation intensities are quite similar, but the nighttime radiation is much stronger than the daytime one at the same radiation frequency. The intensity ratio is as large as 9 dB at 11.5 kHz. An experiment directly comparing VLF waves generated by the beat-wave approach and by the amplitude modulation (AM) approach was also conducted. The results rule out the likely contribution of the AM mechanism acting on the electrojet and indicate that beat-wave in the VLF range prefers to be generated in the F region of the ionosphere through the ponderomotive nonlinearity, consistent with the theory. In the nighttime experiment, the ionosphere was underdense to the HF heaters, suggesting a likely setting for effective beat-wave generation of VLF waves by the HF heaters. C1 [Kuo, Spencer] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Snyder, Arnold] NW Res Associates, Stockton Springs, ME 04981 USA. [Kossey, Paul] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Chang, Chia-Lie; Labenski, John] BAE Syst Technol Solut, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Kuo, S (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, 6 MetroTech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM skuo@duke.poly.edu FU High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP); AFRL at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts; Office of Naval Research [ONR-N00014-10-1-0856]; NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. under Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8718-08-C-0049]; DARPA-DSO FX We are grateful to Michael McCarrick, David Seafolk-Kopp, Benjamin Uscinski, and Travis Million for their operation of the HAARP facility and to James Battis for useful discussions. This work was supported by the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), AFRL at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts and by the Office of Naval Research, grant ONR-N00014-10-1-0856. Part of the financial support was arranged through NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. under Air Force Research Laboratory contract FA8718-08-C-0049. Two of the authors (C.L.C. and J.L.) would like to acknowledge support from DARPA-DSO. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03318 DI 10.1029/2011JA017076 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 910TX UT WOS:000301666700006 ER PT J AU Bailey, CA Tondiglia, VT Natarajan, LV Bricker, R Cui, Y Yang, DK Bunning, TJ AF Bailey, C. A. Tondiglia, V. T. Natarajan, L. V. Bricker, R. Cui, Y. Yang, D. K. Bunning, T. J. TI Surface limitations to the electro-mechanical tuning range of negative dielectric anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Recent work on negative dielectric anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) showed that externally applied dc voltages resulted in blue tuning of the reflection band position up to 20% of its original position. These results also showed that the observed shift in reflection band position was not caused by a direct interaction between the CLC and the applied voltage, but indirectly through electromechanical stresses that deformed the conductive glass substrates, in turn deforming the liquid crystal. In this work, the goal is to clarify that the major limiting factors on the tuning range limit result from the magnitude of the surface anchoring energy and surface induced hysteresis effects. An analytic solution for the tuning range limit and its dependence on the surface and bulk properties is derived that agrees well with the experimental data. Using this model, it was shown that tuning range limits in excess of 35% of the notch position should be expected with typically available alignment materials, and that with proper CLC/surface optimizations, values in the range of 75% are possible. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3694023] C1 [Bailey, C. A.; Tondiglia, V. T.; Natarajan, L. V.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Bricker, R.; Bunning, T. J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cui, Y.; Yang, D. K.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Bailey, CA (reprint author), SAIC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM christopher.bailey2@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Council (NRC) FX Special thanks are extended for financial support to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the National Research Council (NRC). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 6 AR 063111 DI 10.1063/1.3694023 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 918AR UT WOS:000302221700012 ER PT J AU Hay, RS AF Hay, R. S. TI Growth stress in SiO2 during oxidation of SiC fibers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON OXYCARBIDE GLASSES; THERMAL-OXIDATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; VISCOELASTIC MODEL; VISCOUS-FLOW; OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; VISCOSITY; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR AB A method to calculate growth stress in SiO2 scales formed during SiC fiber oxidation was developed. Calculations were done for Hi-Nicalon (TM)-S SiC fibers using previously measured Deal-Grove oxidation kinetics parameters. Initial compressive stresses in SiO2 of similar to 25 GPa from the 2.2x oxidation volume expansion are rapidly relaxed to lower levels by flow of silica with a shear-stress dependent viscosity. At >1200 degrees, viscous flow of silica relaxes stress to negligible levels. At 700 degrees - 900 degrees C, compressive axial and hoop stress at the GPa level persist, but radial stresses are much smaller. The decrease in growth stress with increase in temperature is a consequence of larger activation energy for silica viscosity than for oxidation kinetics. Radial expansion of the outer scale eventually causes hoop stress to become tensile in the outer scale, and axial stress becomes tensile from the Poisson effect. Tensile hoop stresses can be >1 GPa for thick scales formed at <1000 degrees C. Approximate analytical expressions for growth stress for some limiting cases are discussed. Growth stresses were also calculated for crystallized SiO2 scales; these were qualitatively consistent with microstructural evidence of stress. Assumptions and limitations of the calculation method are discussed, along with the possible effects of growth stress on SiC oxidation kinetics and on SiC fiber strength. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3698305] C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was partially supported by funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 6 AR 063527 DI 10.1063/1.3698305 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 918AR UT WOS:000302221700044 ER PT J AU Conforti, PF Braunstein, M Stearns, JA Dodd, JA AF Conforti, Patrick F. Braunstein, Matthew Stearns, Jaime A. Dodd, James A. TI Collision Dynamics of O(P-3) + DMMP Using a Specific Reaction Parameters Potential Form SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; VINYLCYCLOPROPANE-CYCLOPENTENE REARRANGEMENT; AB-INITIO; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; HYPERTHERMAL REACTIONS; PLUS ETHANE; DMMP; DECOMPOSITION; COMBUSTION AB Starting from previous benchmark CBS-QB3 electronic structure calculations (Conforti, P. F.; Braunstein, M.; Dodd, J. A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 13752), we develop two global potential energy surfaces for O(P-3) + DMMP collisions, using the specific reaction parameters approach. Each surface is simultaneously fit along the three major reaction pathways: hydrogen abstraction, hydrogen elimination, and methyl elimination. We then use these surfaces in classical dynamics simulations and compute reactive cross sections from 4 to 10 km s(-1) collision velocity. We examine the energy disposal and angular distributions of the reactive and nonreactive products. We find that for reactive collisions, an unusually large amount of the initial collision energy is transformed into internal energy. We analyze the nonreactive and reactive product internal energy distributions, many of which fit Boltzmann temperatures up to similar to 2000 K. C1 [Conforti, Patrick F.; Braunstein, Matthew] Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Stearns, Jaime A.; Dodd, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Braunstein, M (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. FU DTRA/JSTO [BRCALL07-N-2-0029]; [FA8718-05-C-0077] FX This work was supported by a DTRA/JSTO basic research program award, BRCALL07-N-2-0029. M.B. and P.F.C. acknowledge support under Contract No. FA8718-05-C-0077. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 10 BP 2506 EP 2518 DI 10.1021/jp210302m PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 908SB UT WOS:000301509400014 PM 22283198 ER PT J AU Sell, JF Gearba, MA Patterson, BM Byrne, D Jemo, G Lilly, TC Meeter, R Knize, RJ AF Sell, J. F. Gearba, M. A. Patterson, B. M. Byrne, D. Jemo, G. Lilly, T. C. Meeter, R. Knize, R. J. TI Collisional excitation transfer between Rb(5P) states in 50-3000 Torr of He-4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; NOBLE-GAS ATOMS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ALKALI ATOMS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; RB; MOLECULES; RADIATION AB Measurements of the mixing rates and cross sections for collisional excitation transfer between the 5P(1/2) and 5P(3/2) states of rubidium (Rb) in the presence of He-4 buffer gas are presented. Selected pulses from a high repetition rate, mode-locked femtosecond laser are used to excite either Rb state with the fluorescence due to collisional excitation transfer observed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The time dependence of this fluorescence is fitted to the solution of rate equations which include the mixing rate, atomic lifetimes and any quenching processes. The variation in the mixing rate over a large range of buffer gas densities allows the determination of both the binary collisional transfer cross section and a three-body collisional transfer rate. We do not observe any collisional quenching effects at He-4 pressures up to 6 atm and discuss in detail other systematic effects considered in the experiment. C1 [Sell, J. F.; Gearba, M. A.; Patterson, B. M.; Byrne, D.; Jemo, G.; Meeter, R.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gearba, M. A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Lilly, T. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Sell, JF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jerry.sell@usafa.edu; alina.gearba@usm.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [0758185] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation (grant no 0758185). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 5 AR 055202 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/5/055202 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 898AS UT WOS:000300707800006 ER PT J AU Liu, EB Wadford, DA Seto, J Vu, M Hudson, NR Thrasher, L Torres, S Dyer, DW Chodosh, J Seto, D Jones, MS AF Liu, Elizabeth B. Wadford, Debra A. Seto, Jason Vu, Maria Hudson, Nolan Ryan Thrasher, Lisa Torres, Sarah Dyer, David W. Chodosh, James Seto, Donald Jones, Morris S. TI Computational and Serologic Analysis of Novel and Known Viruses in Species Human Adenovirus D in Which Serology and Genomics Do Not Correlate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PROVIDES EVIDENCE; RECOMBINATION; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; STRAINS; TYPE-15; SYSTEM AB In November of 2007 a human adenovirus (HAdV) was isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample recovered from a biopsy of an AIDS patient who presented with fever, cough, tachycardia, and expiratory wheezes. To better understand the isolated virus, the genome was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatic and phylogenomic analysis. The results suggest that this novel virus, which is provisionally named HAdV-D59, may have been created from multiple recombination events. Specifically, the penton, hexon, and fiber genes have high nucleotide identity to HAdV-D19C, HAdV-D25, and HAdV-D56, respectively. Serological results demonstrated that HAdV-D59 has a neutralization profile that is similar yet not identical to that of HAdV-D25. Furthermore, we observed a two-fold difference between the ability of HAdV-D15 and HAdV-D25 to be neutralized by reciprocal antiserum indicating that the two hexon proteins may be more similar in epitopic conformation than previously assumed. In contrast, hexon loops 1 and 2 of HAdV-D15 and HAdV-D25 share 79.13 and 92.56 percent nucleotide identity, respectively. These data suggest that serology and genomics do not always correlate. C1 [Liu, Elizabeth B.; Seto, Jason; Seto, Donald; Jones, Morris S.] George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Wadford, Debra A.; Vu, Maria] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. [Hudson, Nolan Ryan; Thrasher, Lisa; Torres, Sarah] Travis AFB, David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. [Dyer, David W.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Chodosh, James] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Howe Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com FU United States Air Force Surgeon General [FDG20040024E]; Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.; [R01EY013124]; [P30EY014104] FX This research was financially supported by grant R01EY013124 (DWD, DS, MSJ and JC) and P30EY014104 (JC). LS, NRH, and MSJ were supported by United States Air Force Surgeon General grant FDG20040024E. JC is also funded by an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33212 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033212 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930IA UT WOS:000303129700038 PM 22427992 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Sawyer, J Zhang, ZL Shneider, MN Viggiano, AA AF Wu, Yue Sawyer, Jordan Zhang, Zhili Shneider, Mikhail N. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Measurement of sodium-argon cluster ion recombination by coherent microwave scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAKLY IONIZED PLASMAS; FLOWS; DIAGNOSTICS AB This present work demonstrates a non-intrusive measurement of the rate constant for sodium-argon cluster ions (Na+center dot Ar) recombining with electrons. The measurements begin with resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization of the Na followed by coherent microwave scattering (radar) to monitor the plasma density. The Na+center dot Ar adduct was formed in a three-body reaction. The plasma decay due to recombination reactions was monitored as a function of time and modeled to determine the rate constant. At 473 K, the rate constant is 1.8(-0.5)(+0.7) x 10(-6) cm(3)/s in an argon buffer at 100 Torr. and initial Na number density of 5.5 x 10(10) cm(-3). (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3695064] C1 [Wu, Yue; Sawyer, Jordan; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shneider, Mikhail N.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523]; AFOSR [2303EP] FX The current work at University of Tennessee was supported by NSF CBET-1032523. Insightful discussions with Professor Miles at Princeton University, Dr. Skip Williams, Thomas Miller, and Ray Bemish at the Air Force Research Laboratory are greatly appreciated. A.A.V. thanks AFOSR for long term support under 2303EP. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 11 AR 114108 DI 10.1063/1.3695064 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 917UU UT WOS:000302204900102 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Jones, WA Walczak, K Yerkes, KL AF Levin, G. A. Jones, W. A. Walczak, K. Yerkes, K. L. TI Energy transport in closed quantum systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We examine energy transport in an ensemble of closed quantum systems driven by stochastic perturbations. One can show that the probability and energy fluxes can be described in terms of quantum advection modes (QAMs) associated with the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. These QAMs play the role of Landauer channels in a system with discrete energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions that cannot be described as plane waves. In order to determine the type of correlations that exist between the direction and magnitudes of each QAM and the average direction of energy and probability fluxes we have numerically solved the time-dependent Schrodinger equation describing a single particle trapped in a parabolic potential well which is perturbed by stochastic ripples. The ripples serve as a localized energy source and are offset to one side of the potential well. As the result a nonzero net energy flux flows from one part of the potential well to another across the symmetry center of the potential. We find that some modes exhibit positive correlation with the direction of the energy flow. Other modes, that carry a smaller energy per unit of the probability flux, anticorrelate with the energy flow and thus provide a backflow of the probability. The overall picture of energy transport that emerges from our results is very different from the conventional one based on a system with continuous energy spectrum. C1 [Levin, G. A.; Jones, W. A.; Walczak, K.; Yerkes, K. L.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Andrew Sommers, George Panasyuk, and Tim Haugan for many helpful discussions. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 AR 031109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031109 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 936QH UT WOS:000303604600003 PM 22587040 ER PT J AU Anderson, C Conde, M McHarg, MG AF Anderson, C. Conde, M. McHarg, M. G. TI Neutral thermospheric dynamics observed with two scanning Doppler imagers: 1. Monostatic and bistatic winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PEROT-INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS; VERTICAL WINDS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; SPECTROMETER; VARIABILITY; ANTARCTICA; EMISSION; MINIMUM; REGION AB Doppler-shift measurements of the thermospheric 630.0 nm emission recorded by two spatially separated imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometers in Alaska have been combined to infer F region horizontal wind vectors at approximately 75 locations across their overlapping fields-of-view. These "bistatic" horizontal wind estimates rely only on an assumption regarding the local vertical wind (and assume a common observing volume), and thus represent a more direct measurement of the wind than do the monostatic (single-station) vector wind fields routinely inferred by these instruments. Here we present comparisons between both the independently derived monostatic wind fields from each instrument and the bistatic wind estimates inferred in their common observing volumes. Data are presented from observations on three nights during 2010. Two principal findings have emerged from this study. First, the monostatic technique was found to be capable of estimating the actual large-scale wind field reliably under a large range of geophysical conditions, and is well suited to applications requiring only a large-scale, 'big picture' approximation of the wind flow. Secondly, the bistatic (or tristatic) technique is essential for applications requiring detailed knowledge of the small-scale behavior of the wind, as for example is required when searching for gravity waves. C1 [Anderson, C.; Conde, M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM callum@gi.alaska.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03304 DI 10.1029/2011JA017041 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 908GC UT WOS:000301477900001 ER PT J AU Anderson, C Conde, M McHarg, MG AF Anderson, C. Conde, M. McHarg, M. G. TI Neutral thermospheric dynamics observed with two scanning Doppler imagers: 2. Vertical winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PEROT-INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS; OVAL/POLAR CAP BOUNDARY; STABLE AURORAL ARC; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLAR-CAP; SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE THERMOSPHERE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HIGH-LATITUDES; REGION AB This article is the second in a series of three papers reporting on observations of the 630.0 nm thermospheric airglow emission by two spatially separated scanning Doppler imagers (SDI's) in Alaska. In this article, line-of-sight wind measurements from these instruments in four common-volume regions lying along the great circle joining the two observatories have been used to derive estimates of the vertical wind in those common-volumes. These estimates are combined with the vertical winds measured directly in each of the station zeniths to resolve both the spatial and temporal variations of the vertical wind field. Data from four nights are presented as examples of the wave-like oscillations and frequently high spatial correlations that are observed. A statistical study of data from the full 19-night data set showed that the frequency of observing statistically significant correlation between vertical winds measured at separate locations decreased linearly with increasing separation. A linear fit to this trend indicated that for this particular location and orientation the largest separation over which statistically significant correlation would be expected to occur is approximately 540 km. C1 [Anderson, C.; Conde, M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM callum@gi.alaska.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03305 DI 10.1029/2011JA017157 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 908GC UT WOS:000301477900003 ER PT J AU Hover, MR AF Hover, Matthew R. TI The occupation of Iraq: a military perspective on lessons learned SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS LA English DT Editorial Material DE occupation of Iraq; responsibilities of an occupying power; US military perspective; Coalition Provisional Authority; Operation Iraqi Freedom; military operational planning; training; inter-agency execution C1 [Hover, Matthew R.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Hover, Matthew R.] USN, Int Law Dept, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Hover, MR (reprint author), US Cent Command, MacDill AFB, FL USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1816-3831 J9 INT REV RED CROSS JI Int. Rev. Red Cross PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 885 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1017/S1816383112000458 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 047GA UT WOS:000311825700013 ER PT J AU Stephenson, DK AF Stephenson, David Kimball TI ECONOMICS AND AUSTERITY RELATIVE TO VETERANS' CLAIMS AND THE VETERANS APPEAL PROCESS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Stephenson, David Kimball] Univ Pacific, McGeorge Sch Law, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Stephenson, David Kimball] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stephenson, DK (reprint author), Univ Pacific, McGeorge Sch Law, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 211 BP 179 EP 210 PG 32 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 014JL UT WOS:000309371800004 ER PT J AU Curtis, DH Reeder, MF Svanberg, CE Cobb, RG Parker, GH AF Curtis, David H. Reeder, Mark F. Svanberg, Craig E. Cobb, Richard G. Parker, Gregory H. TI Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Bench Test Setup SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT AB The purpose of this research was to develop testing methods that can be used to determine the forces, moments, and deflections involved in flapping wing aerodynamics. To pursue the research, a flapping wing mechanism and wings with spans ranging from 9.1 inches to 12.1 inches were built. A variety of mechanisms, capable of, alternatively, purely flapping, flapping with pitch, and flapping with pitch and out-of-plane motion were conceptualized and drawn using solid modeling software. Two of the simpler designs, a single degree-of-freedom flapping mechanism and the two-degree of freedom flapping mechanism were fabricated using a rapid prototype 3-D printer, and sustained operation was demonstrated. A thrust stand and a six-component force balance were used to gather force data from the flapping-only mechanism, combined with a variety of wing shapes. Four high-speed cameras were used to capture the motion of the wings. To minimize intrusiveness an array of laser dots was projected onto the wing during flapping and photogrammetry software was used to analyze the images and determine a shape profile of the wing composed of a frame and membrane during flapping. While the focus of this research was on the bench test setup development, some insight into the influence of wing design on the forces acting on the mechanism was gained. C1 [Curtis, David H.; Reeder, Mark F.; Svanberg, Craig E.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parker, Gregory H.] USAF, Res Lab AFRL RB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Curtis, DH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mreeder@afit.edu; craig.svanberg@wpafb.af.mil; rcobb@afit.edu; gregory.parker@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 51 EP 77 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.4.1.51 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 990NF UT WOS:000307637000004 ER PT J AU Golubev, VV Visbal, MR AF Golubev, Vladimir V. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Modeling MAV Response in Gusty Urban Environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND FLOW; BLUFF-BODIES; BUILDINGS; COMPUTATION; ROUGHNESS; SPEED; BODY AB The article discusses an airfoil unsteady aerodynamic response to upstream unsteady flow disturbances in flow regimes characteristic of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) applications. Because of their small size and speed, the flight control of these vehicles in gusty urban environments poses tremendous challenges addressed in the current work. Following a thorough review of experimental and numerical studies characterizing various scales and configurations of urban flow disturbances, three canonical gust models are proposed corresponding to the time-harmonic gust, the sharp-edge gust, and the Taylor vortex. A high-accuracy numerical analysis is applied to examine MAV airfoil response to such perturbations and conclude on relative importance of contributing viscous and inviscid forces. C1 [Golubev, Vladimir V.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Florida Ctr Adv Aeroprop, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golubev, VV (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Florida Ctr Adv Aeroprop, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM Vladimir.Golubev@erau.edu; Miguel.Visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/RB research programs; NSF Grant [0955970]; AFOSR FX The first author acknowledges the partial support for this work through AFRL/RB research programs and NSF Grant 0955970 (Program Manager Dr. H.H. Winter). The work of the second author was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith. The authors would like to thank Mr. L. Nguyen and Mr. T. Hollenshade for implementing numerical simulations, and Dr. S. Sherer, Dr. M. Galbraith and Mr. D. Garmann for their valuable advice. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.4.1.79 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 990NF UT WOS:000307637000005 ER PT J AU Selvaraj, C Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG AF Selvaraj, C. Munichandraiah, N. Scanlon, L. G. TI Dilithium phthalocyanine as a catalyst for oxygen reduction in non-aqueous Li-O-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE dilithium phthalocyanine; catalyst; oxygen reduction; Li-O-2 cells ID LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTROLYTE; SUPEROXIDE; DENSITY; ENERGY; ION; O-2 AB The electrochemical performance of Li-O-2 cells depends mainly on the kinetics of the cathode reaction, namely, oxygen reduction reaction in non-aqueous electrolytes. The catalyst plays an important role on the kinetics of the reaction. In the present work, dilithium phthalocyanine is used as the catalyst in the cathode of Li-O-2 cells. Dual-layer O-2 electrodes are fabricated employing a high surface area microporous carbon with Ni gauge current collector present between the two layers. Discharge capacity of Li-O-2 cell measured at 0.2 mA.cm(-2) is about 30 mAh.cm(-2). Phthalocyanine ring is considered to interact with O-2 producing Li2Pc+delta - O-2(-delta) as a reaction intermediate, which facilitates the electron-transfer reaction. C1 [Selvaraj, C.; Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Scanlon, L. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the US Air Force [FA4869-07-1-4090, FA2386-10-1-4093] FX The authors thank the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the US Air Force for their financial support vide contract nos. FA4869-07-1-4090 and FA2386-10-1-4093, and Dr. R. Ponnappan of AOARD for his keen interest in this work. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 29 PU WORLD SCI PUBL CO INC PI HACKENSACK PA 27 WARREN ST, STE 401-402, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PD MAR PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1142/S1088424612200015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 947FG UT WOS:000304413100001 ER PT J AU Goodrich, MA Colton, M Brinton, B Fujiki, M Atherton, JA Robinson, L Ricks, D Maxfield, MH Acerson, A AF Goodrich, Michael A. Colton, Mark Brinton, Bonnie Fujiki, Martin Atherton, J. Alan Robinson, Lee Ricks, Daniel Maxfield, Margaret Hansen Acerson, Aersta TI Incorporating a Robot into an Autism Therapy Team SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PLAY C1 [Goodrich, Michael A.; Colton, Mark; Brinton, Bonnie; Fujiki, Martin; Atherton, J. Alan; Robinson, Lee] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ricks, Daniel] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Maxfield, Margaret Hansen] Intermt Hlth Care, Murray, UT USA. [Acerson, Aersta] Alpine Sch Dist, Orem, UT USA. RP Goodrich, MA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM mike@cs.byu.edu; colton@byu.edu; bonnie_brinton@byu.edu; martin_fujiki@byu.edu; jalanatherton@gmail.com; lee_robinson@byu.edu; daniel.ricks@edwards.af.mil; maggiemaxfield@gmail.com; aacerson@alpinedistrict.org OI Goodrich, Michael/0000-0002-2489-5705 FU Honda Research Institute; Brigham Young University FX We thank the Honda Research Institute and the Brigham Young University undergraduate Mentored Environment Grant program for helping fund this research. We also thank Alan Olsen and Nicole Guillian for their work in supporting this project as robot designers or programmers. The results and opinions presented in this article do not necessarily represent the opinions of the funding agencies. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 EI 1941-1294 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 944EH UT WOS:000304181600010 ER PT J AU McCusker, SB Schmalbach, CE AF McCusker, Scott B. Schmalbach, Cecelia E. TI The Otolaryngologist's Cost in Treating Facial Trauma: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Survey SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting and OTO EXPO CY SEP 10-14, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP AAO, HNSF DE socioeconomic; maxillofacial/neck trauma; reimbursement ID MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA; UNITED-STATES; COVERAGE AB Objectives. (1) To define practice patterns and perceptions of junior otolaryngologists treating maxillofacial/neck trauma. (2) To identify manners in which the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) can meet future trauma needs. Study Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Academic and private otolaryngology practices. Methods. A 26-question survey was designed to identify demographics, practice patterns, perceptions, and areas for improvement in maxillofacial/neck trauma care. It was distributed anonymously to AAO-HNS members completing residency from 2005 to 2009. Analysis included descriptive statistics and x 2 comparisons. Results. Of 1343 otolaryngologists, 444 (33%) responded. A total of 85% of responding physicians treat maxillofacial/neck trauma, and 64% identify trauma as an ideal part of their practice. Sense of duty (54%), institutional requirements (33%), and enjoyment (32%) are the most common reasons for treating trauma. Major deterrents include patient noncompliance (60%) and lifestyle limitations (47%). Five respondents (3.1%) have been involved in a trauma-related lawsuit. While insufficient reimbursement is a major deterrent to treating trauma (52%), only 36% would increase their volume if reimbursement improved. Increased educational opportunities represent the most common request to the AAO-HNS (59%), followed by AAO-HNS focus on improved reimbursement and tort reform (28%). Conclusion. Most junior otolaryngologists treat maxillofacial/neck trauma on a monthly basis. A total of 64% identify trauma as a component of their ideal practice. They report being well to very well trained in all facets of trauma, with the exception of vascular and laryngotracheal injuries; but they desire additional education, such as courses and panels. Universal concerns include inadequate reimbursement, limited pool of treating physicians, and lack of practice guidelines. RP Schmalbach, CE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Cecelia.Schmalbach@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 146 IS 3 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1177/0194599811429007 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 935TX UT WOS:000303545100005 PM 22095952 ER PT J AU Rachbauer, R Gengler, JJ Voevodin, AA Resch, K Mayrhofer, PH AF Rachbauer, Richard Gengler, Jamie J. Voevodin, Andrey A. Resch, Katharina Mayrhofer, Paul H. TI Temperature driven evolution of thermal, electrical, and optical properties of Ti-Al-N coatings SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Thermal stability; Thermal conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Optical reflectivity; TiAlN ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; SUPERSATURATED TI1-XALXN; STABILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Monolithic single phase cubic (c) Ti1-xAlxN thin films are used in various industrial applications due to their high thermal stability, which beneficially effects lifetime and performance of cutting and milling tools, but also find increasing utilization in electronic and optical devices. The present study elucidates the temperature-driven evolution of heat conductivity, electrical resistivity and optical reflectance from room temperature up to 1400 degrees C and links them to structural and chemical changes in Ti1-xAlxN coatings. It is shown that various decomposition phenomena, involving recovery and spinodal decomposition (known to account for the age hardening phenomenon in c-Ti1-xAlxN), as well as the cubic to wurtzite phase transformation of spinodally formed AlN-enriched domains, effectively increase the thermal conductivity of the coatings from similar to 3.8 W m(-1) K-1 by a factor of three, while the electrical resistivity is reduced by one order of magnitude. A change in the coating color from metallic grey after deposition to reddish-golden after annealing to 1400 degrees C is related to the film structure and discussed in terms of film reflectivity. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rachbauer, Richard; Mayrhofer, Paul H.] Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, Christian Doppler Lab Applicat Oriented Coating D, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Gengler, Jamie J.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Resch, Katharina] Univ Leoben, Dept Polymer Engn & Sci, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. RP Rachbauer, R (reprint author), Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, Christian Doppler Lab Applicat Oriented Coating D, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. EM richard.rachbauer@unileoben.ac.at RI Mayrhofer, Paul/A-9640-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI Mayrhofer, Paul/0000-0001-7328-9333; Rachbauer, Richard/0000-0002-7827-3338 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF-START) [Y371]; Christian Doppler Gesellschaft within the framework of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coatings Development; US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX The authors acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF-START Project Y371) and the Christian Doppler Gesellschaft within the framework of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coatings Development. Dr. David Holeo is acknowledged for supporting the ab initio calculations. The TDTR efforts at the US Air Force Research Laboratory were supported under Contract No. FA8650-07-D-5800. The authors thank the Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH for providing the UV/vis/NIR spectrophotometer for this study. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 5 BP 2091 EP 2096 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 926MN UT WOS:000302835300019 ER PT J AU Slep, AMS Heyman, RE Snarr, JD Foster, RE Linkh, DJ Whitworth, JD AF Slep, Amy M. Smith Heyman, Richard E. Snarr, Jeffery D. Foster, Rachel E. Linkh, David J. Whitworth, James D. TI Child emotional aggression and abuse: Definitions and prevalence (vol 35, pg 783, 2011) SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Correction C1 [Slep, Amy M. Smith; Heyman, Richard E.; Snarr, Jeffery D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Foster, Rachel E.; Linkh, David J.; Whitworth, James D.] USAF, Family Advocacy Program, Lackland Kelly AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Slep, AMS (reprint author), NYU, Dept Cariol & Comprehens Care, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 268 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.11.002 PG 1 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 926IB UT WOS:000302823400010 ER PT J AU Jackson, JA AF Jackson, Julie Ann TI Analytic Physical Optics Solution for Bistatic, 3D Scattering From a Dihedral Corner Reflector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Bistatic scattering; dihedral; geometrical optics; physical optics; radar cross section ID BACKSCATTER; DIFFRACTION; SAR; RCS AB We derive an analytic scattering model for 3D bistatic scattering from a dihedral using geometrical optics (GO) and physical optics (PO). We use GO to trace ray reflections, and we evaluate the PO integral(s) for the field scattered by each plate of the dihedral. Multiple cases of reflection geometry are considered to account for effects of the dihedral plate size and antenna aspect angles. The complex-valued (amplitude and phase) scattering response is derived. The resulting parametric scattering model is presented in terms of the vertical and horizontal co-polarization and cross-polarization responses that correspond to the outputs of industry-standard numerical prediction codes. Comparing the derived model to available codes for method of moments (MoM), shooting and bouncing rays (SBR), and parametric models (PM), we demonstrate that the derived solution achieves the same accuracy as SBR, approximates MoM, is more accurate than PM, and does so in fast computation time comparable to a PM. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1486 EP 1495 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2180316 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924ZH UT WOS:000302729300031 ER PT J AU Wilson, C AF Wilson, Candy TI Caring for Military Women and Families as a Nation at War SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wilson, Candy] USAF, Nurse Corps, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Wilson, Candy] USAF, Nursing Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), 59 Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM candy.wilson@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01344.x PG 2 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 927ZC UT WOS:000302948200016 PM 22834850 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Nelson, JP AF Wilson, Candy Nelson, Jenenne P. TI Exploring the Patterns, Practices, and Experiences of Military Women Who Managed Genitourinary Symptoms in Deployed Settings SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE women's health; military personnel; military medicine; research, military; military deployment; urogenital system ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; HEALTH-CARE; STRESS AB Objective: To gain a better understanding of genitourinary (GU) health during deployment in the context of a military culture. Design: An ethnographic study design was selected to understand how military women managed GU symptoms during deployment. Setting: The deployed experiences were recalled from various locations around the world. Participants: The final sample consisted of 43 military women from the U. S. Army, Air Force, and Navy who were either deployed or had been deployed within the past year. Methods: Audio recorded interviews ranged from 30 to 75 min in length. Semistructured interviews were used to gather women's stories about their illness behaviors in the deployed setting. Formal interviews, informal interviews, and field notes were included in the data analysis. Results: Three themes were identified: (a) life in the deployed setting described the location women were referring when they experienced GU symptoms; (b) the dynamics of trust described individuals or entities that were trusted sources of information, supplies, or support; and (c) the sphere of control described the activities utilized to maintain health or manage GU symptoms. Conclusion: This study is significant to nursing research because it exposes the influence of culture on GU symptom management. Recommendations from this investigation include the following: provide better incremental, predeployment, and in-theater education for women and medics; inform leaders about the need to ensure the supply of self-care treatments and women's feminine hygiene products are available; and promote the role of family support stateside as a resource for information, supplies, and emotional support. JOGNN, 41, 293-302; 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01347.x C1 [Wilson, Candy] USAF, Nurse Corps, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Nelson, Jenenne P.] Univ Colorado, Grad Sch, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Wilson, Candy] USAF, Nursing Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), 59 Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM candy.wilson@lackland.af.mil FU TriService Nursing Research Program [N08-P03] FX Funded by TriService Nursing Research Program (N08-P03). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01347.x PG 10 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 927ZC UT WOS:000302948200018 PM 22834851 ER PT J AU Babcock, J Albertani, R Abate, G AF Babcock, Judson Albertani, Roberto Abate, Gregg TI Experimental Estimation of the Rotary Damping Coefficients of a Pliant Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 10-13, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MICRO-AIR-VEHICLE; FLEXIBLE WINGS AB This paper describes the experimental estimation of the rotary-damping coefficients of micro air vehicle (MAV) wings using a novel system for dynamic wind-tunnel testing. Two geometrically identical Zimmerman wings are used, one rigid and one flexible. The flexible wing consists of a perimeter-reinforced latex membrane with three levels of prestrain. A two-degrees-of-freedom motion rig permits the control of the two individual components of the rotary-damping moment. A modern design of experiments methodology was used to elucidate the correlation between the wings' elastic membrane prestrain state and the aerodynamic characteristics. For the flexible wing, elastic deformations are measured using visual image correlation and evaluated using a dimensionless parameter. The resulting aerodynamic model compares well with static reference data. The presence of dynamic changes in the angle of attack or pitch angle has a significant effect on the response of the rigid and flexible MA V wings, particularly on the pitching moment coefficient. At the current levels of the dimensionless membrane wing elastic prestrain, the pretension strain did not exhibit any correlation with the rotary-damping moment coefficients, whereas the pretension strain level does appear as a factor in the rotary-damping drag coefficient. C1 [Babcock, Judson; Abate, Gregg] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Guidance Nav & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Albertani, Roberto] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Babcock, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Guidance Nav & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM judson.babcock@gmail.com NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.2514/1.C031161 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 925JV UT WOS:000302758400005 ER PT J AU Randall, R Shkarayev, S Abate, G Babcock, J AF Randall, Ryan Shkarayev, Sergey Abate, Gregg Babcock, Judson TI Longitudinal Aerodynamics of Rapidly Pitching Fixed-Wing Micro Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting/New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID PLATE AB Some fixed-wing vertical-takeoff-and-landing aircraft can transition between two flight modes: forward flight and near-hover. This study was conducted to improve the transition performance of such vehicles. The experimental model consists of a rigid Zimmerman wing and a propulsion system with contra-rotating propellers. It was rapidly pitched about its aerodynamic center at an average freestream Reynolds number of 86,000. Five nondimensional pitching rates were used, along with two elevator deflections and three propulsive settings. The model was tested statically, and several observations were made. At constant throttle setting, from 20 to 70 deg, both advance ratio and thrust coefficient increase linearly with angle of attack. Higher throttle setting results in greater stall delay, causing the maximum lift coefficient to increase. When throttle setting increases, lift and drag coefficients increase throughout the tested angle-of-attack domain. Rapid-pitching tests showed that nose-up pitching delays stall and nose-down pitching hastens it. Lift and drag coefficients generally increase with positive pitching rate and decrease with negative pitching rate. Wing aerodynamic efficiency is virtually independent of throttle setting, elevator deflection, and pitching rate between 30 and 70 deg angle of attack. The propulsion system is not sensitive to rapid pitching with regard to thrust, normal force, or propulsive moment. C1 [Randall, Ryan; Shkarayev, Sergey] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Babcock, Judson] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Randall, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rrandall@email.arizona.edu; svs@email.arizona.edu; Gregg.Abate@eglin.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 453 EP 471 DI 10.2514/1.C031378 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 925JV UT WOS:000302758400012 ER PT J AU Chakravarty, UK AF Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar TI Vibration Characteristics of the Wings of Micro Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; DRAGONFLY WINGS; MODAL-ANALYSIS; AERODYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; KINEMATICS; FORCES AB A finite-element model is developed for the vibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of the biologically inspired wings of micro air vehicles. The wings are known as the composite wing, batten-reinforced composite-polyester-fabric (BRCPF) wing and the perimeter-reinforced composite-polyester-fabric (PRCPF) wing. The wings are constructed by attaching the skin of polyester fabric to the reinforced structures of graphite-epoxy (T300-5208), except for the composite wing, which does not have the skin. The effect of added mass, damping, and aerodynamic pressure on the vibration characteristics of the wings is investigated. The wings are vibrated in vacuum and in air for investigating the effect of added mass and damping on their vibration characteristics. Natural frequencies of the wings increase with mode; however, they decrease in air from those in vacuum due to the added mass of surrounding air. Damping is low and has minimal influence on the natural frequencies of the wings but helps to reduce the out-of-plane modal amplitude of vibration. The composite wing has the highest natural frequencies among the three wings. On the other hand, the natural frequencies of the BRCPF wing are higher than those of the PRCPF wing. Aerodynamic pressure is estimated from the low-speed wind-tunnel test data, where the angle of attack of the wings and freestream velocity of air are varied. The effect of aerodynamic pressure on the first and second natural frequencies of the wings is not significant, although the third natural frequencies of the wings increase with aerodynamic pressure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. RP Chakravarty, UK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. EM uttamk@gatech.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.2514/1.C031649 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 925JV UT WOS:000302758400029 ER PT J AU Chakravarty, UK Albertani, R AF Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar Albertani, Roberto TI Experimental and Finite Element Modal Analysis of a Pliant Elastic Membrane for Micro Air Vehicles Applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE micro air vehicle (MAV); membrane; eigenvalue; eigenvector; damping ratio ID DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; ADDED-MASS; FLUID; MODEL AB This paper investigates the modal characteristics of a latex membrane for micro air vehicles applications. Finite element (FE) models are developed for characterizing the latex membrane at dynamic loading and validated by experimental results. The membrane at different pre-tension levels is attached to a circular steel ring, mounted on a shaker, and placed inside the vacuum chamber for modal characterization using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). The experimental modal analysis is conducted by imposing a structural excitation to the ring for investigating the membrane vibration characteristics at both atmospheric and reduced pressures in a vacuum chamber. FE models are developed for the natural frequencies of the membrane at different uniform and non-uniform pre-tension levels with the effect of the added mass of air. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model is selected for the membrane. The natural frequencies of the membrane computed by experimental and FE models are correlated well, although discrepancy is expected among experimental and FE results within reasonable limits due to the variation of the thickness of the membrane. The natural frequencies increase with the mode and pre-tension level of the membrane but decrease due to an increase in ambient pressure. The damping ratios have very minimal effect on the frequencies due to low values but help to reduce the amplitude of vibration. Natural frequencies of the membrane do not change with the uniform and non-uniform nature of the pre-tension, although they increase with the pre-tension level. It is also found that the effect of added mass on the natural frequencies increases with an increase of the size of the membrane specimen. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005569] C1 [Chakravarty, Uttam Kumar] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Albertani, Roberto] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Chakravarty, UK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. EM uttamk@gatech.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0072]; Georgia Institute of Technology.; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories at Eglin AFB; Wright-Patterson AFB FX The authors would like to thank the support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-09-1-0072 with Professor Victor Giurgiutiu (initiator) and Dr. David Stargel as project monitors. The continuing support for research activities from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories at Eglin AFB and Wright-Patterson AFB is also greatly appreciated. The authors would also like to thank the experimental support of Joshua Martin. The authors also appreciate the support of Professor Mark Costello of the Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 IS 2 AR 021004 DI 10.1115/1.4005569 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 922WU UT WOS:000302580000004 ER PT J AU Jumper, GY Holladay, JJ Wiechert, MK Seggel, WA AF Jumper, George Y. Holladay, Joshua J. Wiechert, Melissa K. Seggel, William A. TI Impact of Thrust Alignment on Orbital Debris Removal by Ground-Based Lasers SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The rising population of orbital debris has generated many studies of mitigation concepts, one of which is the use of repetitively pulsed ground-based lasers, which was studied during the ORION project in the early 1990s. The objective was to verify the minimum velocity change required to cause a reentry within one orbit, using conservative assumptions. Both analytical and numerical solutions to the equations of motion were applied. The report covers the impact if the orbital debris does not make a direct pass over the laser. Also reported are investigations of the impact or object size and density, and the impact of atmospheric density on the velocity change required to deorbit. The conclusion is that, with some minor exceptions, the ORION required velocity change results appear to be reasonable for concept studies for direct overhead passes. Debris at nonoverhead offset angles of 30 increases total velocity change by about 15%, but increases the velocity change per laser pulse by over 30% above requirements for an overhead pass. Allowing laser pulses to continue until the object is overhead or at closest approach increases total energy requirements but lowers the energy per pulse, an important design consideration. C1 [Jumper, George Y.; Seggel, William A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jumper, GY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Scholar Program and its manager, T. A. Lovell. We thank our Program Manager, Major Parker, Branch Technical Advisor J. Roadcap, and Branch Chief, Major Thompson. We thank J. Wise for assistance with atmospheric density. Finally, we appreciate the support and advice of the Directorate Chief Scientist, J. Riker. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.2514/1.A32059 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 925KM UT WOS:000302760100008 ER PT J AU Langley, D Coutu, RA Collins, PJ AF Langley, Derrick Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Collins, Peter J. TI Low-loss meta-atom for improved resonance response SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article AB Measurements of a meta-atom integrated with a low noise amplifier into the split-ring resonator are presented. A comparison is made between baseline meta-atoms and one integrated with a GaAs low noise amplifier. S-parameter measurements in a RF strip-line show the resonant frequency location. The resonance null is more prominent for the integrated meta-atom. Biasing the low noise amplifier from 0 to 7 VDC showed that the resonant null improved with biasing voltage. As the biasing voltage increases, the transmission null reduced from -11.82 to -23.21 dB for biases from 0 to 7 VDC at resonant frequency. This is a work of the U. S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3701709] C1 [Langley, Derrick; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langley, D (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Derrick.Langley@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The financial support and sponsorship of this project were provided by Drs. Katie Thorp and Augustine Urbas from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors are also thankful to Ryan O'Hara for advice on printed circuit board layouts as well as AFIT clean room support from Rick Patton and Rich Johnston. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 AR 012196 DI 10.1063/1.3701709 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 918CA UT WOS:000302225400114 ER PT J AU Liu, YT Fard, MY Chattopadhyay, A Doyle, D AF Liu, Yingtao Fard, Masoud Yekani Chattopadhyay, Aditi Doyle, Derek TI Damage assessment of CFRP composites using a time-frequency approach SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE delamination; localization; quantification; matching pursuit decomposition ID PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR/ACTUATOR NETWORK; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; PROGNOSIS; PLATE; WAVES; PANEL AB A damage assessment methodology using a time-frequency signal processing technique is presented in this article. Delaminations are detected in composite structures with multiple stiffeners. Because Lamb waves are complex in nature, due to wave dispersion and scattering, a robust signal processing technique is required to extract features from Lamb wave signals. In this article, the matching pursuit decomposition algorithm is used for extracting wavelets from the Lamb wave signals in the time-frequency domain. A small time-frequency atom dictionary is defined to avoid the exhaustive search over the time-frequency domain and to reduce the computation costs. The propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in stiffened composite panels are investigated. The delaminations are detected by identifying the converted Lamb wave modes introduced by the structural imperfection. A two-step damage detection approach, which uses both pulse-echo and pitch-catch active sensing schemes, is developed for the identification of delaminations. The delamination is quantified using a signal energy-based damage index. The matching pursuit decomposition algorithm is further used to localize the delamination position by solving a set of nonlinear equations. The results show that the matching pursuit decomposition algorithm can be used to identify and localize the seeded delaminations in composite structures with complex geometries and material properties. C1 [Liu, Yingtao; Fard, Masoud Yekani; Chattopadhyay, Aditi] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Doyle, Derek] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Liu, YT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM yingtao.liu@asu.edu RI Liu, Yingtao/J-2454-2012; Liu, Yingtao/H-7375-2015 FU Army Research Laboratory [FA9453-09-1-0316] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate under agreement number FA9453-09-1-0316. The US government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Army Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, or the US government. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 397 EP 413 DI 10.1177/1045389X11434171 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 918KS UT WOS:000302249000002 ER PT J AU Arritt, BJ Smith, DR Khraishi, TA AF Arritt, Brandon J. Smith, David R. Khraishi, Tariq A. TI Analytically describing the temperature-dependent constitutive parameters of an electromagnetic metamaterial SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE metamaterial; electromagnetic; multifunctional; temperature-dependence; effective medium; composite structure ID LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; PERMITTIVITY; RESONATORS; CLOAK; RING AB Analogous to mechanical systems, modeling the electromagnetic (EM) performance of large and complex metamaterial structures requires the use of effective-medium/constitutive properties. Constitutive properties are critical for efficiently bridging the gap between subwavelength geometry and performance at the mesoscale. In this article, the temperature-dependent effective medium properties for a metamaterial electric-inductive-capacitive (ELC) resonator are described analytically. ELC structures are commonly used in metamaterial designs to provide a tailored electric response to EM waves. An equivalent circuit model, coupled with analytic expressions for the capacitances, inductance, and resistance of the ELC resonator, is utilized to describe how thermally induced mechanical strain and changes in material properties manifest as temperature-dependent permittivity and permeability curves for the metamaterial. The resulting analytic expressions account for the effects of spatial dispersion and losses. This article also details how the process may be expanded to similarly describe the temperature-dependent constitutive properties of metamaterial magnetic resonators. C1 [Arritt, Brandon J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Smith, David R.] Duke Univ, Ctr Metamat & Integrated Plasmon, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Khraishi, Tariq A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil RI Smith, David/E-4710-2012 FU AFOSR LRIR [12RV01COR] FX This research was funded in part by AFOSR LRIR 12RV01COR. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1177/1045389X11433496 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 918KS UT WOS:000302249000007 ER PT J AU Lin, CA Huang, ML Chiu, PC Lin, HK Chyi, JI Chiang, TH Lee, WC Chang, YC Chang, YH Brown, GJ Kwo, J Hong, M AF Lin, C. A. Huang, M. L. Chiu, P. -C. Lin, H. -K. Chyi, J. -I. Chiang, T. H. Lee, W. C. Chang, Y. C. Chang, Y. H. Brown, G. J. Kwo, J. Hong, M. TI InAs MOS devices passivated with molecular beam epitaxy-grown Gd2O3 dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE AB InAs MOS devices passivated with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Gd2O3 2-3 monolayers thick followed by an Al2O3 cap have demonstrated excellent electrical performances and interfacial properties. Band offset energies of in situ atomic-layer-deposited (ALD)-Al2O3/MBE-Gd2O3/InAs and ALD-Al2O3/InAs were determined by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with Fowler-Nordheim tunneling current analysis. A conduction-band offset energy (Delta E-c) and a valence-band offset energy of 2.3 and 3.92 eV for ALD-Al2O3/InAs were determined, respectively. The insertion of a Gd2O3 layer increases the value of Delta E-c by nearly 0.1 eV as compared to the case for Al2O3 directly deposited on InAs. The distribution of interfacial density of states (D-it) within the InAs bandgap, deduced by the conductance method at 77 K, gives a low D-it value of 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) near the conduction-band edge. Moreover, with energy band engineering in the heterostructure, gate-first depletion channel InAs MOSFETs have produced drain current density of 46 mu A/mu m and transconductance of 17 mu S/mu m for 12-mu m-gate-length devices at 300 K. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI:10.1116/1.3678206] C1 [Chiu, P. -C.; Lin, H. -K.; Chyi, J. -I.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Lin, C. A.; Huang, M. L.; Kwo, J.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Chiang, T. H.; Lee, W. C.; Chang, Y. C.; Chang, Y. H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Brown, G. J.] AFRL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kwo, J.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hong, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hong, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Chyi, JI (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM chyi@ee.ncu.edu.tw; raynien@ntu.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC-98-2120-M-007-002, NSC-97-3114-M-007-001]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development of the U.S. Air Force FX The authors thank the National Science Council, Taiwan for supporting this work under Grant Nos. NSC-98-2120-M-007-002 and NSC-97-3114-M-007-001. The support from the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development of the U.S. Air Force is acknowledged. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 AR 02B118 DI 10.1116/1.3678206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 917ZV UT WOS:000302219500018 ER PT J AU Steenbergen, EH Nunna, K Ouyang, L Ullrich, B Huffaker, DL Smith, DJ Zhang, YH AF Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Nunna, Kalyan Ouyang, Lu Ullrich, Bruno Huffaker, Diana L. Smith, David J. Zhang, Yong-Hang TI Strain-balanced InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LAYER SUPERLATTICES; MU-M; ALLOYS AB Strain-balanced InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices (SLs) on GaSb substrates with 0.27 <= x <= 0.33 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and demonstrated photoluminescence (PL) up to 11.1 mu m. The calculated SL bandgap energies agree with the PL peaks to within 5 meV for long-wavelength infrared samples (9.5, 9.9, and 11.1 mu m) and to within 9 meV for a mid-wavelength infrared sample (5.9 mu m). X-ray diffraction measurements reveal average SL mismatches of less than 0.2%, and the PL full-width-at-half-maximums increase with the mismatch, confirming the importance of strain-balancing for material quality. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI:10.1116/1.3672028] C1 [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Smith, David J.; Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nunna, Kalyan; Huffaker, Diana L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ouyang, Lu; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ullrich, Bruno] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM yhzhang@asu.edu FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory; U. S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-10-1-0524]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0129]; DOD SMART; SFAz scholarship; ASU Office of the Vice-President for Research and Economic Affairs; Graduate Research Support Program; Graduate College FX This paper is based upon work supported in part by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office MURI program under Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0524 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant No. (FA9550-10-1-0129). PL experiments were performed at AFRL/RXPS with the support of G. Brown. E.H.S. appreciates the DOD SMART and SFAz scholarships and acknowledges the ASU Office of the Vice-President for Research and Economic Affairs, the Graduate Research Support Program, and the Graduate College. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 AR 02B107 DI 10.1116/1.3672028 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 917ZV UT WOS:000302219500007 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Kulkarni, DD Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF McConney, Michael E. Kulkarni, Dhaval D. Jiang, Hao Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI A New Twist on Scanning Thermal Microscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Scanning thermal microscopy; scanning thermal twisting microscopy; thermal transport; nanoscale thermometry; thermal bimorph ID MICROCANTILEVERS; MECHANISMS; PROBES AB The thermal bimorph is a very popular thermal sensing mechanism used in various applications from meat thermometers to uncooled infrared cameras. While thermal bimorphs have remained promising for scanning thermal microscopy, unfortunately the bending of the bimorph directly interferes with the bending associated with topographical information. We circumvent this issue by creating bimorphs that twist instead of bending and demonstrate the superior properties of this approach as compared to conventional scanning thermal microscopy. C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Jiang, Hao; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McConney, Michael E.; Kulkarni, Dhaval D.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP McConney, ME (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.mcconney@wpafb.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU National Research Council at Air Force Research Laboratory; Semiconductor Research Corporation (GRC) [2008OJ1864.1281]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0446, FA9550-09-1-0162] FX The authors would like to thank Rachel Jakubiak, Shane Juhl, Scott Apt, David Tomlin, Vincent Tondiglia, Lirong Sun, Maneesh Gupta, Abigail Juhl, and Michael Birnkrant for their help. We would also like to thank Professor Srikanth Singamaneni and Kyle Anderson for useful discussions. M.M. recognizes the support of the National Research Council Research Associate Program at Air Force Research Laboratory throughout this work. The work at Georgia Tech was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (GRC Grant 2008OJ1864.1281) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-08-1-0446 and FA9550-09-1-0162). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1218 EP 1223 DI 10.1021/nl203531f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 907GW UT WOS:000301406800017 PM 22276740 ER PT J AU Mannoor, MS Tao, H Clayton, JD Sengupta, A Kaplan, DL Naik, RR Verma, N Omenetto, FG McAlpine, MC AF Mannoor, Manu S. Tao, Hu Clayton, Jefferson D. Sengupta, Amartya Kaplan, David L. Naik, Rajesh R. Verma, Naveen Omenetto, Fiorenzo G. McAlpine, Michael C. TI Graphene-based wireless bacteria detection on tooth enamel SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; SENSORS; BIOSENSORS; DESIGN; DNA; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONICS AB Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide-graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. Overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets. C1 [Mannoor, Manu S.; Clayton, Jefferson D.; McAlpine, Michael C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tao, Hu; Kaplan, David L.; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Sengupta, Amartya] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Verma, Naveen] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP McAlpine, MC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mcm@princeton.edu RI Tao, Hu/C-1528-2013; Sengupta, Amartya/E-2111-2013 OI Sengupta, Amartya/0000-0002-0195-9171 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0096]; American Asthma Foundation [09-0038] FX We thank Dr. Yue Cui, Dr. Yi Qi and Fadi Abdeljawad for valuable discussions and technical assistance. M. C. M. acknowledges support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via a Young Investigator Award (#FA9550-09-1-0096) and by the American Asthma Foundation via an Early Excellence Award (#09-0038). R.R.N. acknowledges funding support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 60 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 37 U2 283 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 AR 763 DI 10.1038/ncomms1767 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 923PB UT WOS:000302630100052 PM 22453836 ER PT J AU Bostick, RL Perram, GP AF Bostick, Randall L. Perram, Glen P. TI Spatial and spectral performance of a chromotomosynthetic hyperspectral imaging system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER; TOMOSYNTHESIS; RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGES AB The spatial and spectral resolutions achievable by a prototype rotating prism chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) system operating in the visible spectrum are described. The instrument creates hyperspectral imagery by collecting a set of 2D images with each spectrally projected at a different rotation angle of the prism. Mathematical reconstruction techniques that have been well tested in the field of medical physics are used to reconstruct the data to produce the 3D hyperspectral image. The instrument operates with a 100 mm focusing lens in the spectral range of 400-900 nm with a field of view of 71.6 mrad and angular resolution of 0.8-1.6 mu rad. The spectral resolution is 0.6 nm at the shortest wavelengths, degrading to over 10 nm at the longest wavelengths. Measurements using a point-like target show that performance is limited by chromatic aberration. The system model is slightly inaccurate due to poor estimation of detector spatial resolution, this is corrected based on results improving model performance. As with traditional dispersion technology, calibration of the transformed wavelength axis is required, though with this technology calibration improves both spectral and spatial resolution. While this prototype does not operate at high speeds, components exist which will allow for CTI systems to generate hyperspectral video imagery at rates greater than 100 Hz. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697720] C1 [Bostick, Randall L.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM randall.bostick2@wpafb.af.mil OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 3 AR 033110 DI 10.1063/1.3697720 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CU UT WOS:000302227700011 PM 22462909 ER PT J AU Fillery, SP Koerner, H Drummy, L Dunkerley, E Durstock, MF Schmidt, DF Vaia, RA AF Fillery, Scott P. Koerner, Hilmar Drummy, Lawrence Dunkerley, Erik Durstock, Michael F. Schmidt, Daniel F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Nanolaminates: Increasing Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Composites SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE dielectric nanocomposite; nanolaminate; layered silicate; permittivity; dielectric breakdown; energy storage ID POLYMER COMPOSITE; ENERGY-STORAGE; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANODIELECTRICS; DENSITY; FILM AB Processable, low-cost, high-performance hybrid dielectrics are enablers for a vast array of green technologies, including high-temperature electrical insulation and pulsed power capacitors for all-electric transportation vehicles. Maximizing the dielectric breakdown field (E-BD), in conjunction with minimization of leakage current, directly impacts system performance because of the field's quadratic relationship with electrostatic energy storage density. On the basis of the extreme internal interfacial area and ultrafine morphology, polymer-inorganic nanocomposites (PNCs) have demonstrated modest increases in E-BD at very low inorganic loadings, but because of insufficient control of the hierarchal morphology of the blend, have yielded a precipitous decline in E-BD at intermediate and high inorganic volume fractions. Here in, we demonstrate that E-BD can be increased up to these intermediate inorganic volume fractions by creating uniform one-dimensional nanocomposites (nanolaminates) rather than blends of spherical inorganic nanoparticles and polymers. Free standing nanolaminates of highly aligned and dispersed montmorillonite in polyvinyl butyral exhibited enhancements in E-BD up to 30 vol % inorganic (70 wt % organically modified montmorillonite). These relative enhancements extend up to five times the inorganic fraction observed for random nanoparticle dispersions, and are anywhere from two to four times greater than observed at comparable volume fraction of nanoparticles. The breakdown characteristics of this model system suggested a trade-off between increased path tortuosity and polymer-deficient structural defects. This implies that an idealized PNC morphology to retard the breakdown cascade perpendicular to the electrodes will occur at intermediate volume fractions and resemble a discotic nematic phase where highly aligned, high-aspect ratio nanometer thick plates are uniformly surrounded by nanoscopic regions of polymer. C1 [Fillery, Scott P.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Drummy, Lawrence] UES, Dayton, OH USA. [Dunkerley, Erik; Schmidt, Daniel F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA USA. [Fillery, Scott P.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil OI Schmidt, Daniel/0000-0003-2511-1906 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for financial support and acknowledge G. Price, M. Houtz, and V. McNeir for help with SEM, TGA/DSC, and high voltage electrical characterization. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 1388 EP 1396 DI 10.1021/am201650g PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 914RD UT WOS:000301968400035 PM 22301841 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Lyon, W Gruner, WE Mirau, PA Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Lyon, Wanda Gruner, William E. Mirau, Peter A. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Sporicidal/Bactericidal Textiles via the Chlorination of Silk SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE silk; halamine; sporicidal; Bacillus anthracis; antibacterial; fibroin ID HALAMINE POLYMERIC BIOCIDES; BOMBYX-MORI SILK; ANTIMICROBIAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES; HYPOCHLORITE-INDUCED OXIDATION; HYDANTOIN-CONTAINING MONOMERS; NITROGEN-CENTERED RADICALS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; FIBROUS MATERIALS; PROTEIN FRAGMENTATION; MELAMINE DERIVATIVES AB Bacterial spores, such as those of the Bacillus genus, are extremely resilient, being able to germinate into metabolically active cells after withstanding harsh environmental conditions or aggressive chemical treatments. The toughness of the bacterial spore in combination with the use of spores, such as those of Bacillus anthracis, as a biological warfare agent necessitates the development of new antimicrobial textiles. In this work, a route to the production of fabrics that kill bacterial spores and cells within minutes of exposure is described. Utilizing this facile process, unmodified silk cloth is reacted with a diluted bleach solution, rinsed with water, and dried. The chlorination of silk was explored under basic (pH 11) and slightly acidic (pH 5) conditions. Chloramine-silk textiles prepared in acidified bleach solutions were found to have superior breaking strength and higher oxidative Cl contents than those prepared under caustic conditions. Silk cloth chlorinated for >= 1 h at pH 5 was determined to induce > 99.99996% reduction in the colony forming units of Escherichia coli, as well as Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam (B. anthracis simulant) spores and cells within 10 min of contact. The processing conditions presented for silk fabric in this study are highly expeditionary, allowing for the on-site production of protein-based antimicrobial materials from a variety of agriculturally produced feed-stocks. C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Mirau, Peter A.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lyon, Wanda; Gruner, William E.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06CBT008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Project AA06CBT008 under program manager Dr. Glenn Lawson) and in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (program manager Dr. Hugh DeLong). The authors thank Michelle L. Kay and Caitlin L. Knight for their assistance in the staining of B. thuringiensis for the TOC image. This material cleared for public release (88ABW-2012-1049). NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 1724 EP 1732 DI 10.1021/am2018496 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 914RD UT WOS:000301968400079 PM 22352921 ER PT J AU Barua, A Horie, Y Zhou, M AF Barua, A. Horie, Y. Zhou, M. TI Energy localization in HMX-Estane polymer-bonded explosives during impact loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID EXPLOSIVES; HOT-SPOTS; PBX-9501; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE AB We report the results of a mechanistic study of energy localization in a HMX (High Melting point eXplosive octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,2,3,5-tetrazocine)/Estane PBX system during dynamic loading. The focus is on the thermal-mechanical response over the strain rate range of 10(4) - 10(5) s(-1) under different confinement conditions. A recently developed cohesive finite element method is used to track and analyze the contributions to heating from different constituents, interfaces, deformation and fracture mechanisms, and internal friction. In particular, energy dissipations due to viscoelastic deformation, grain fracture, interfacial debonding, and friction along crack faces are quantified as functions of time and overall deformation. The materials analyzed have HMX volume fractions between 0.69 and 0.82. Calculations show that variation in strain rate can significantly affect the spatial distribution but not the overall number of hot spots. Higher confining stresses lead to more intense heating in the binder and more uniform distribution of hot spots. The evolution of hot spots is quantified as a function of loading condition, deformation and microstructural attributes. The microstructure-response relations obtained can be used to assess the initiation sensitivity of energetic composites. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688350] C1 [Barua, A.; Zhou, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Horie, Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM min.zhou@me.gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (scientific officer: Dr. Suhithi Peiris). Calculations are carried out on parallel computers at NAVO and the DPRL at Georgia Tech. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 5 AR 054902 DI 10.1063/1.3688350 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911OW UT WOS:000301729200147 ER PT J AU Bifano, MFP Park, J Kaul, PB Roy, AK Prakash, V AF Bifano, Michael F. P. Park, Jungkyu Kaul, Pankaj B. Roy, Ajit K. Prakash, Vikas TI Effects of heat treatment and contact resistance on the thermal conductivity of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes using a Wollaston wire thermal probe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-CARBON; 3-OMEGA METHOD; GRAPHITE; DYNAMICS AB Thermal conductivity measurements in commercially available, chemical vapor deposition-grown, heat-treated and non-heat-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are reported. The thermal conductivity of individual samples is measured using a suspended platinum wire as a thermal resistance probe in a "T-type" configuration. Changes in third harmonic voltage are measured across the heated suspended platinum wire as a specimen is attached to the platinum wire's midpoint. An analytic model is used to correlate the reduction in the average temperature of the probe wire to the thermal resistance (and thermal conductivity) of the attached sample. Experiments are implemented inside a scanning electron microscope equipped with nanomanipulators for sample selection, and a gas injection system for platinum based electron beam-induced deposition to improve thermal contact resistances. The results indicate a nearly 5-fold increase in the average thermal conductivity of MWCNT samples annealed with a 20-h 3000 degrees C annealing heat treatment compared to the as-grown samples. However, specimen-specific morphological defects, such as kinking, Y-branches, etc., are found to negate, to a large degree, the advantage of the heat treatment process. The thermal contact resistance between the MWCNT and the electron beam-induced deposition contacts is estimated using an anisotropic diffusive mismatch model that includes the effect of fin resistance. Adjusting the thermal conductivity to include the effect of thermal contact resistance is found to increase the thermal conductivity by approximately 5%. Once adjusted for thermal contact resistance, the average thermal conductivity of the heat-treated MWCNT specimens is 228 W/m-K, with the highest measured thermal conductivity being 765 +/- 150 W/m-K. The results highlight the importance of MWCNT quality in thermal management applications. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691607] C1 [Bifano, Michael F. P.; Park, Jungkyu; Kaul, Pankaj B.; Prakash, Vikas] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Prakash, V (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM vikas.prakash@case.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-08-1-0372]; NSF Major Research Instrument [NSF MRI CMMI-0922968]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-12-1-0037] FX The authors would like to thank Professor Chris Dames for his extremely useful discussions on the preparation and execution of the hot wire probe method, Eric Mayhew for his help troubleshooting the measurement electronics, and Jonghoon Lee from WPAFB for his helpful discussions on using MD to obtain phonon dispersion. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant FA9550-08-1-0372 (Program Manager: Dr. "Les" Lee), NSF Major Research Instrument grant NSF MRI CMMI-0922968, and AFOSR MURI FA9550-12-1-0037 (Program Manager: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison) for conducting this research. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 5 AR 054321 DI 10.1063/1.3691607 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911OW UT WOS:000301729200131 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Elhamri, S Pacley, S Olson, BV Boggess, TF AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Elhamri, S. Pacley, S. Olson, B. V. Boggess, T. F. TI Post growth annealing study on long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The impact of post growth annealing on the electrical properties of a long wavelength infrared type-II superlattice (SL) was explored. Quarters of a single SL wafer were annealed at 440 degrees C, 480 degrees C, and 515 degrees C, respectively for 30 min. Changes in the electrical properties were followed using spectral photoconductivity, temperature dependent Hall effect, and time-resolved pump-probe measurements. The bandgap energy remained at similar to 107 meV for each anneal, and the photoresponse spectra showed a 25% improvement. The carrier lifetime increased from 12 to similar to 15 ns with annealing. The electron mobility was nearly constant for the 440 degrees C and 480 degrees C anneals, and increased from similar to 4500 to 6300 cm(2)/Vs for the 515 degrees C anneal. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3693535] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Pacley, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Olson, B. V.; Boggess, T. F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801] FX The work of H. J. Haugan was performed under Air Force Contract No. F33615-03-D-5801. The authors also thank S. Fenstermaker for technical assistance with the molecular beam epitaxy. One of authors (H. H.) thanks Professor M. E. Flatte, Professor T. F. Boggess, and Mr. B. V. Olson at the Optical Science and Technology Center at the University of Iowa for the lifetime data reported here. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 5 AR 053113 DI 10.1063/1.3693535 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911OW UT WOS:000301729200014 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG Tremain, JC AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. Tremain, Janet C. TI Steiner equiangular tight frames SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Steiner; Equiangular; Tight; Frames; Restricted isometry ID SEIDEL MATRICES; ERASURES; CONSTRUCTIONS; ROOTS; UNITY; LINES; SETS AB We provide a new method for constructing equiangular tight frames (ETFs). The construction is valid in both the real and complex settings, and shows that many of the few previously-known examples of ETFs are but the first representatives of infinite families of such frames. It provides great freedom in terms of the frame's size and redundancy. This method also explicitly constructs the frame vectors in their native domain, as opposed to implicitly defining them via their Gram matrix. Moreover, in this domain, the frame vectors are very sparse. The construction is extremely simple: a tensor-like combination of a Steiner system and a regular simplex. This simplicity permits us to resolve an open question regarding ETFs and the restricted isometry property (RIP): we show that the RIP behavior of some ETFs is unfortunately no better than their coherence indicates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tremain, Janet C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NSF [DMS 1042701, CCF 1017278]; AFOSR [F1 ATA00083G004, F1 ATA00183G003]; A.B. Krongard Fellowship FX The authors thank Prof. Peter G. Casazza for his insightful suggestions. Fickus was supported by NSF DMS 1042701, NSF CCF 1017278, AFOSR F1 ATA00083G004 and AFOSR F1 ATA00183G003. Mixon was supported by the A.B. Krongard Fellowship. Tremain was supported by NSF DMS 1042701. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 436 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.laa.2011.06.027 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 895FV UT WOS:000300482500006 ER PT J AU Kalyanam, K Chandler, P Pachter, M Darbha, S AF Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy Chandler, Phil Pachter, Meir Darbha, Swaroop TI Optimization of Perimeter Patrol Operations Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB This paper addresseses the following base perimeter patrol problem: a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with cameras and a remotely located operator cooperatively perform the task of perimeter surveillance. There are m alert stations/sites on the perimeter where a nearby breaching of the perimeter by an intruder is flagged by an unattended ground sensor (UGS). To determine whether an incursion flagged by a UGS is a false alarm or a real threat, a patrolling UAV flies to the alert site to investigate the alert. The longer a UAV dwells (loiters) at an alert site, the more information it gathers; however, this also increases the delay in responding to other alerts. The decision problem for a UAV is to determine the optimal dwell time so as to maximize the expected payoff. In this paper, patrols consisting of one and two UAVs are considered. A stochastic dynamic programming approach is employed to obtain optimal policies for the patrolling UAVs. Theoretical performance bounds from queueing systems literature have been used to benchmark the optimal controller. Also, simulation results for the optimal patrols showing the expected information gained and response time for different alert arrival rates are presented. C1 [Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Chandler, Phil] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Darbha, Swaroop] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kalyanam, K (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu FU National Research Council at the Air Force Research Laboratory; AFRL; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0392] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was partly supported by the AFRL Summer Faculty Program and AFOSR award no. FA9550-10-1-0392. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.2514/1.54720 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 910IT UT WOS:000301631100008 ER PT J AU Mao, XY Sun, H Wang, W Lu, YL Chen, XB AF Mao, Xiangyu Sun, Hui Wang, Wei Lu, Yalin Chen, Xiaobing TI Effects of Co-substitutes on multiferroic properties of Bi5FeTi3O15 ceramics SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multiferroics; Ferroelectrics; Ferromagnetism ID BISMUTH TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; BI4TI3O12; FERROELECTRICS; SCATTERING; BIFEO3; SYSTEM; RAMAN AB The samples Bi5FeTi3O15 (BFTO) and Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 (BFCT) were prepared by incorporating BiFeO3 (BFO) and BiFe0.5Co0.5O3 (BFCO) into the host Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) using the solid state reaction technique. The Raman shift data indicate that the as-prepared materials are of the four-layer Aurivillius phase with an orthorhombic symmetry. At room temperature (RT) and under a driving electric field of 230 kV/cm, the half substitution of Fe by Co ions is found to result in the increase in the remanent polarization (2P(r)) by about 35% and simultaneously the decrease in 2E(c) by about 41%, respectively. The magnetic moment at least tripled its value by substituting half Fe ions by Co ions. The 2M(r) of BFCT is about three thousand times the value of BFTO. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Sun, Hui; Wang, Wei; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Leser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu; xbchen@yzu.edu.cn RI Sun, Hui/L-2826-2015 FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [51072177]; Jiangsu Province Department of Education [08KJB140011] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51072177) and the Jiangsu Province Department of Education (Grant No. 08KJB140011). NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 152 IS 6 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2012.01.001 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 907EG UT WOS:000301400000011 ER PT J AU Hall, RB Rajagopal, KR AF Hall, R. B. Rajagopal, K. R. TI Diffusion of a fluid through an anisotropically chemically reacting thermoelastic body within the context of mixture theory SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE anisotropic; chemical; deformation; diffusion; maximum dissipation; mixture; reaction; thermodynamics ID THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK; INELASTIC BEHAVIOR; HEAT-CONDUCTION; POLYMERS; CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPOSITES; MECHANICS; VISCOSITY; MODELS AB A mixture theory approach is used to analyze the change in response characteristics of an anisotropic, non-linear viscoelastic fluid diffusing through a finitely deforming thermoelastic body of arbitrary symmetry wherein the fluid chemically reacts with the solid. It is assumed for simplicity that it is possible to characterize the reaction as having a single step and as one in which the reaction products remain within the body, thereby modifying the solid constituent. The effects of the reaction on the solid that render it anisotropic are quantified by means of a tensorial parameter that tracks the extent of the reaction in different directions. Both diffusion-dominated (diffusion of the reactants is far more rapid than the reaction) and reaction-dominated (the reaction is far more rapid than the diffusion of the reactants) processes are considered. Constitutive equations are derived from the requirement that the rate of entropy production be maximized, which makes it possible to characterize the behavior of the body through the specification of three scalar functions: the rate of entropy production function for the mixture, and the Helmholtz free energies of each of the constituents. It is noted that the model may be applied to regions of bodies with locally homogeneous damage, that is, regions damaged at a small enough scale to mimic an anisotropically porous continuum. Macroscale damage may also be modeled via the boundary conditions described in Section 5. C1 [Hall, R. B.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rajagopal, K. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.hall@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 2302DR8P] FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for support of this work (Grant LRIR 2302DR8P). NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 164 DI 10.1177/1081286511407754 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 912MH UT WOS:000301801600004 ER PT J AU Bales, J Bales, K Baugh, L Tokish, J AF Bales, James Bales, Karrn Baugh, Laura Tokish, John TI Evaluation for Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow in Ironman Triathletes: Physical Examination and Electrodiagnostic Evidence SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE triathlon; Ironman; ulnar nerve; aerobars ID NERVE; COMPRESSION AB Objective: Evaluation of the elbow in Ironman triathletes for ulnar compression neuropathy caused by aerobar use. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Ironman California 70.3, Ironman Arizona, Ironman New Orleans 70.3, San Antonio, Texas. Participants: Study 1: (n = 712) Ironman California 70.3/Ironman Arizona participants. Study 2: (n = 54) Ironman New Orleans 70.3 finishers. Study 3: (n = 11) participants training for an Ironman triathlon. Interventions: Pilot questionnaire (study 1). Pilot questionnaire and prerace and postrace physical examination (study 2). Pilot questionnaire and preride and postride (and postseason) physical examination, and electrodiagnostic testing (study 3). Main Outcome Measures: Participants with symptoms, physical examination findings, and electrodiagnostic findings (amplitude or conduction velocity decrease) (P < 0.05). Results: In study 1, 20.8% reported a history of ulnar symptoms. In study 2, 35.2% reported a history of ulnar symptoms. Preevent physical examination testing of the elbow showed 39.5% with positive Tinel sign and 41.5% with positive flexion/compression test. Postevent testing showed 70.4% with positive Tinel sign and 75.9% with positive flexion/compression test. In study 3, 46% reported ulnar symptoms. Preride physical examination testing showed 4.5% with positive Tinel sign and 9% with positive flexion/compression test. Postride testing showed 95.5% with positive Tinel sign and 91% with positive flexion/compression test. Postseason testing showed 64% with positive Tinel sign and 82% with positive flexion/compression test. Electrodiagnostic testing comparing preride and postride showed that ulnar nerve latency increased in 82%, amplitude decreased in 50%, and conduction velocity slowed in 64%. Electrodiagnostic testing comparing preseason and postseason showed that ulnar nerve latency increased in 73%, amplitude decreased in 64%, and conduction velocity slowed in 82%. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis of an ulnar compression neuropathy at the elbow occurring at high rates in aerobar using Ironman triathletes. Level of Significance: Prospective comparative study, 2. C1 [Bales, James; Bales, Karrn; Baugh, Laura; Tokish, John] Wilford Hall Med Ctr Lackland AFB, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bales, Karrn] CHRISTUS Santa Rosa, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bales, James] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Baugh, Laura] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Tokish, John] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Bales, J (reprint author), 18270 Bent Oak Lane, Monument, CO 80132 USA. EM jrtbales@gmail.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3182427003 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 908RG UT WOS:000301507200010 PM 22366630 ER PT J AU Kojima, F Knopp, JS AF Kojima, Fumio Knopp, Jeremy S. TI INVERSE PROBLEM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION IN A DIELECTRIC MEDIUM USING MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO METHOD SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Symposium on Stochastic Systems Theory and its Applications (SSS) CY NOV 26-27, 2010 CL Okayama Univ Sci, Okayama, JAPAN HO Okayama Univ Sci DE Microwave; Dielectric loss; Electrical cable; FDTD; Metropolis-Hasting algorithm AB This paper is concerned with a stochastic inverse methodology arising in electromagnetic imaging. Nondestructive testing using guided microwaves covers a wide range of industrial applications including early detection of anomalies in conducting materials. The focus of this paper is the identification of electromagnetic material parameters and emphasis is on one dimensional scattering of a dielectric slab. The direct problem can be solved numerically using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC) is applied to the inversion problem. Some successful results of computational experiments are demonstrated in order to show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. C1 [Kojima, Fumio] Kobe Univ, Org Adv Sci & Technol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] USAF, AFRL RXLP, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kojima, F (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Org Adv Sci & Technol, Nada Ku, 1-1 Rokkodai Cho, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM kojima@koala.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ICIC INT PI KUMAMOTO PA TOKAI UNIV, 9-1-1, TOROKU, KUMAMOTO, 862-8652, JAPAN SN 1349-4198 J9 INT J INNOV COMPUT I JI Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3B BP 2339 EP 2346 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 907GI UT WOS:000301405400028 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Ko, RT AF Chen, M. Y. Ko, R. T. TI Nondestructive assessment of pore size in foam-based hybrid composite material SO JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS LA English DT Article DE foam; pore size; nondestructive; ultrasonic ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; POROUS MATERIALS; FREQUENCY RANGE; ELASTIC WAVES AB In situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) during processing of high-temperature polymer-based hybrids offers great potential to gain close control of and achieve the desired level of pore size, with low overall development cost. During the polymer-curing cycle, close control over the evolution of volatiles would be beneficial to avoid the presence of pores or control of their sizes. Traditional NDE methods cannot realistically be expected to evaluate individual pores in such components as each pore evolves and grows during curing. However, NDE techniques offer the potential to detect and quantify the macroscopic response of many pores that are undesirable or intentionally introduced into these advanced materials. In this article, preliminary results will be presented for nondestructive assessment of pore size in foam-based hybrid composite materials using ultrasonic techniques. The ultrasonic method was chosen due to its high sensitivity to the change of composition in material, ability to provide the required depth of penetration and ability to provide the needed modulus information for the cured material through appropriate velocity measurements. Pore size was evaluated through the frequency content of ultrasonic signal. The effects of pore size on the attenuation of ultrasound were studied. Feasibility of this method was demonstrated on two types of foams with various pore sizes. C1 [Ko, R. T.] Univ Dayton, Struct Integr Div, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, M. Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Struct Integr Div, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Ray.Ko@udri.udayton.edu FU AFRL/RXBC branch in USAF AFMC FX Support of this work is made possible through the AFRL/RXBC branch in USAF AFMC. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0095-2443 J9 J ELASTOM PLAST JI J. Elastomer Plast. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1177/0095244311426000 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 908PF UT WOS:000301501600005 ER PT J AU Lindler, L Lesho, EP Harms, DE Myers, TE Gaydos, JC AF Lindler, Luther Lesho, Emil P. Harms, Dan E. Myers, Todd E. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Influenza and Wound Infections: Laboratory Support for Deployed U.S. Forces SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE; IRAQ C1 [Lindler, Luther] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Lesho, Emil P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Harms, Dan E.] Tricare Management Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. [Myers, Todd E.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gaydos, Joel C.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lindler, L (reprint author), Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 906CW UT WOS:000301323500002 PM 22479910 ER PT J AU Chapman, PL Cabrera, D Varela-Mayer, C Baker, M Elnitsky, C Figley, C Thurman, RM Lin, CD Mayer, P AF Chapman, Paula L. Cabrera, David Varela-Mayer, Christina Baker, Monty Elnitsky, Christine Figley, Charles Thurman, Ryan M. Lin, Chii-Dean Mayer, Paul TI Training, Deployment Preparation, and Combat Experiences of Deployed Health Care Personnel: Key Findings From Deployed U.S. Army Combat Medics Assigned to Line Units SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: To describe the perceptions of training and deployment preparation and combat experiences and exposures of U.S. Army combat medics. Methods: Data were from the first year of a 3-year longitudinal study designed to assess the impact of combat on the behavioral health and resilience of 347 combat medics surveyed 3 to 6 months after returning from a 12-month deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom theatre and assigned to brigade combat teams. Results: Analyses indicated that combat medics may benefit from better preparation in types of shifts required during deployment, type and intensity of combat likely to be seen and experienced, more adequate training in the area of stress and mental health care management, and easier access to behavioral mental health care. Conclusions: The military has shown considerable progress in addressing, and understanding the mental health care needs of Soldiers. However, challenges remain. Additional emphasis should be placed on reducing the stigma and barriers related to mental health care both in theatre and garrison and on developing an evidence-based, validated program for medics and other Soldiers to recognize stress and mental health issues on the battlefield. For medics, this should be from two perspectives that of a combat Soldier and that of a medical provider. C1 HSRD RRD Ctr Excellence Rehabil Outcomes, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. [Cabrera, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Varela-Mayer, Christina] Tampa VA Res & Educ Fdn, Zephyrhills, FL 33539 USA. [Baker, Monty] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Behav Anal Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Figley, Charles] Tulane Univ, Traumatol Inst, Grad Sch Social Work 301 A&C, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Lin, Chii-Dean] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Mayer, Paul] Dept Combat Med Training, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU Military Operational and Medical Research Program [W81XWH-09-1-00655, 9086003, PI 813-558-3909] FX We acknowledge COL Sharon Reese and MAJ(P) Felicia Rivers at Darnel Hospital, as well as the combat medics who participated in this research. Without their support, this research could not have been conducted. This research is funded by Military Operational and Medical Research Program [W81XWH-09-1-00655 Prop No. 9086003, D. Cabrera (PI)]. For more information on this study, contact P. Chapman, Quantitative co-PI 813-558-3909. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 906CW UT WOS:000301323500005 PM 22479913 ER PT J AU Rowley, JD Pierce, JK Brant, AT Halliburton, LE Giles, NC Schunemann, PG Bristow, AD AF Rowley, J. D. Pierce, J. K. Brant, A. T. Halliburton, L. E. Giles, N. C. Schunemann, P. G. Bristow, A. D. TI Broadband terahertz pulse emission from ZnGeP2 SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION; GENERATION; CRYSTAL; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; AMPLIFIER AB Optical rectification is demonstrated in (110)-cut ZnGeP2 (ZGP) providing broadband terahertz (THz) generation. The source is compared to both GaP and GaAs over a wavelength range of 1150 nm to 1600 nm and peak-intensity range of 0.5 GW/cm(2) to 40 GW/cm(2). ZGP peak-to-peak field amplitude is larger than in the other materials due to either lower nonlinear absorption or larger second-order nonlinearity. This material is well suited for broadband THz generation across a wide range of infrared excitation wavelengths. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Rowley, J. D.; Pierce, J. K.; Brant, A. T.; Halliburton, L. E.; Bristow, A. D.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Giles, N. C.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schunemann, P. G.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Bristow, AD (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM alan.bristow@mail.wvu.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013 FU WVNano Initiative FX JDR wishes to thank the WVNano Initiative for support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 5 BP 788 EP 790 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904KS UT WOS:000301195100010 PM 22378394 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Miller, MM Massung, RF AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Miller, Myrna M. Massung, Robert F. TI Coxiella burnetii, the Agent of Q Fever, in Domestic Sheep Flocks from Wyoming, United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Abortion; Coxiella burnetii; Livestock; Q fever; Sheep ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. It has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. We conducted a serological survey of domestic sheep herds for infections with C. burnetii in Wyoming following reports of abortion and open ewes. Based on the serologic evidence, there was no link between reproductive problems and exposure to C. burnetii. However, the overall prevalence of C. burnetii in WY sheep was 7%, which indicates that the agent is present in the environment and could pose a threat to public health. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. [Reeves, Will K.; Miller, Myrna M.] USDA, Dept Vet Sci, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. [Massung, Robert F.] CDC, Dept Vet Sci, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAF, SAM, PHR, 2951 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0760 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906NX UT WOS:000301353600003 PM 22022809 ER PT J AU Bond, VL Canfield, RA Suleman, A Blair, M AF Bond, Vanessa L. Canfield, Robert A. Suleman, Afzal Blair, Maxwell TI Aeroelastic Scaling of a Joined Wing for Nonlinear Geometric Stiffness SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUTTER AB This study demonstrates an aeroelastic scaling procedure that accounts for geometric nonlinearity by scaling the eigenvalue associated with the buckling load. The Goland wing model was used as a case study to demonstrate that both the natural frequencies and mode shapes must be matched to properly scale the aeroelastic response. A variant of the Goland wing joined with a strut was developed as the case study for scaling geometric nonlinearity. Scaling its first buckling eigenvalue together with the natural frequencies and mode shapes resulted in accurate aeroelastically scaled response in the initial nonlinear range. The fully nonlinear response of the scaled model decreased in accuracy as the critical load predicted by the buckling eigenanalysis was approached. C1 [Bond, Vanessa L.] USAF, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Head Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Suleman, Afzal] Univ Victoria, Dept Mech Engn, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Blair, Maxwell] USAF, AFRL RBSD, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Bond, VL (reprint author), USAF, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012; OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815; Suleman, Afzal/0000-0001-8936-7340 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RB) FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RB) for its support of this research. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.2514/1.41139 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 904NJ UT WOS:000301204700001 ER PT J AU Gordeyev, S Jumper, E Hayden, TE AF Gordeyev, Stanislav Jumper, Eric Hayden, Tim E. TI Aero-Optical Effects of Supersonic Boundary Layers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Aero-optical measurements of a zero-pressure-gradient, supersonic boundary layer along the test-section wall at M = 2.0 were performed using a Malley probe. The Malley probe captured both the amplitude of optical distortions and the convective speed. The convective speed of the optically active structures inside the supersonic boundary layer was found to be 0.84 of the freestream speed. The deflection-angle spectra were found to collapse with the local displacement thickness. The streamwise correlation function for the supersonic boundary layer revealed the presence of a pseudoperiodic structure with the typical size of 1.5 of the local boundary-layer thickness. A new model was developed to describe aero-optical effects of both the subsonic and the supersonic boundary layers. Finally, this new model and several other theoretical scalings were tested in the attempt to collapse both subsonic and supersonic boundary-layer aero-optical results. C1 [Gordeyev, Stanislav; Jumper, Eric] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hayden, Tim E.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gordeyev, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Gordeyev, Stanislav/A-7062-2013; Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0449] FX This work was partially funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-09-1-0449. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The authors would like to thank Danny Washburn for providing assistance in the Trisonic Tunnel measurements, especially the schlieren setup. They also thank the Director for Aeronautics Research Center, U.S. Air Force Academy, Thomas McLaughlin, for providing the opportunity to conduct the reported research. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 682 EP 690 DI 10.2514/1.J051266 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 904NJ UT WOS:000301204700015 ER PT J AU Palazotto, A Meador, S AF Palazotto, Anthony Meador, Stephen TI Consideration of Wear at High Velocities Using a Hydrocode SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Palazotto, Anthony; Meador, Stephen] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Maj. Michelle Ewy of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for her financial support. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.2514/1.J051431 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 904NJ UT WOS:000301204700024 ER PT J AU Czyz, CN Foster, JA Lam, VB Holck, DEE Wulc, AE Cahill, KV Everman, KR Michels, KS AF Czyz, Craig N. Foster, Jill A. Lam, Vincent B. Holck, David E. E. Wulc, Allan E. Cahill, Kenneth V. Everman, Kelly R. Michels, Kevin S. TI Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Energy in Postoperative Recovery from Blepharoplasty SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND; FIELDS; SURGERY; PAIN AB BACKGROUND A novel medical device that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration is available for treatment of postsurgical edema. The device emits a low-level, pulsed electromagnetic energy field, which modulates resting cell membrane potential, allowing a return to physiologic resting membrane potential. OBJECTIVE To investigate the benefits of electromagnetic energy in eyelid wound healing. METHODS Fifty-seven individuals participated in this randomized, double-blinded study. All patients underwent upper blepharoplasty. At the postoperative visit, patients rated pain, edema, and ecchymosis, and the physician rated edema, ecchymosis, and erythema. RESULTS There was no difference (p =.76) in patient pain rating when comparing placebo (1.6) with the patch (1.3). Patients reported 6% less edema (p =.11) and 10% less ecchymosis (p =.17) with the active patch eye than in control eye. The physician-graded edema, ecchymosis, and erythema had a mean Likerttype scale difference between placebo and active eyes of -0.3 (p =.12), -0.3 (p =.17), and -0.2 (p =.004) respectively. CONCLUSION The use of pulsed electromagnetic energy did not have an effect on postoperative pain, edema, or ecchymosis as rated by patients and physicians. There was a statistically significant reduction in physician-graded erythema for active patch eyes versus placebo. C1 [Czyz, Craig N.; Foster, Jill A.; Michels, Kevin S.] Ohio Univ, Div Ophthalmol, Sect Oculofacial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Doctors Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. [Czyz, Craig N.; Foster, Jill A.; Cahill, Kenneth V.; Everman, Kelly R.; Michels, Kevin S.] Grant Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Oral Maxillofacial Surg, Columbus, OH USA. [Lam, Vincent B.; Wulc, Allan E.] Drexel Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Holck, David E. E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Czyz, CN (reprint author), 1100 Oregon Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM dsp4000@aol.com NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02215.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 901PP UT WOS:000300979600014 PM 22092688 ER PT J AU Potter, RN Cantrell, JA Mallak, CT Gaydos, JC AF Potter, Robert N. Cantrell, Joyce A. Mallak, Craig T. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Adenovirus-associated Deaths in US Military during Postvaccination Period, 1999-2010 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ARMY TRAINEES; PNEUMONIA; VACCINES; ADULT; TYPE-7 AB Adenoviruses are frequent causes of respiratory disease in the US military population. A successful immunization program against adenovirus types 4 and 7 was terminated in 1999. Review of records in the Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, identified 8 deaths attributed to adenovirus infections in service members during 1999-2010. C1 [Potter, Robert N.; Cantrell, Joyce A.; Mallak, Craig T.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Rockville, MD USA. [Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Potter, RN (reprint author), 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover Afb, DE 19902 USA. EM robert.n.potter1@us.army.mil FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland FX This work was funded in part by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 507 EP 509 DI 10.3201/eid1803.111238 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 902FM UT WOS:000301024000024 PM 22377242 ER PT J AU Bandino, ML Tankersley, MS AF Bandino, Michelle L. Tankersley, Michael S. TI The risk of allergic reactions to allergen extracts in personnel Reply SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bandino, Michelle L.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bandino, ML (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. EM michael.tankersley@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 871 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.049 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 904IW UT WOS:000301189300045 ER PT J AU Waller, MA Fawcett, SE AF Waller, Matthew A. Fawcett, Stanley E. TI The Total Cost Concept of Logistics: One of Many Fundamental Logistics Concepts Begging for Answers SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Waller, Matthew A.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Fawcett, Stanley E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Waller, MA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Waller, Matthew/0000-0002-6088-0164 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0735-3766 J9 J BUS LOGIST JI J. Bus. Logist. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1111/j.0000-0000.2011.01033.x PG 3 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 904XB UT WOS:000301231100001 ER PT J AU Mann, RW Berryman, HE AF Mann, Robert W. Berryman, Hugh E. TI A Method for Defleshing Human Remains Using Household Bleach SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; physical anthropology; human remains; human skeleton; macerating remains; bleaching remains; human bones; chest plate ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BONES AB Medical examiners and forensic anthropologists are often faced with the difficult task of removing soft tissue from the human skeleton without damaging the bones, teeth and, in some cases, cartilage. While there are a number of acceptable methods that can be used to remove soft tissue including macerating in water, simmering or boiling, soaking in ammonia, removing with scissors, knife, scalpel or stiff brush, and dermestid beetles, each has its drawback in time, safety, or potential to damage bone. This technical report using the chest plate of a stabbing victim presents a safe and effective alternative method for removing soft tissue from human remains, in particular the chest plate, following autopsy, without damaging or separating the ribs, sternum, and costal cartilage. This method can be used to reveal subtle blunt force trauma to bone, slicing and stabbing injuries, and other forms of trauma obscured by overlying soft tissue. Despite the published cautionary notes, when done properly household bleach (36% sodium hypochlorite) is a quick, safe, and effective method for examining cartilage and exposing skeletal trauma by removing soft tissue from human skeletal remains. C1 [Mann, Robert W.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam Afb, HI 96853 USA. [Berryman, Hugh E.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Forens Inst Res & Educ, Murfreesboro, TN 37129 USA. RP Mann, RW (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam Afb, HI 96853 USA. EM robert.mann@jpac.pacom.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 440 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01987.x PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 897XY UT WOS:000300696400021 PM 22150429 ER PT J AU Pitz, GA Sandoval, AJ Zameroski, ND Klennert, WL Hostutler, DA AF Pitz, Greg A. Sandoval, Andrew J. Zameroski, Nathan D. Klennert, Wade L. Hostutler, David A. TI Pressure broadening and shift of the potassium D-1 transition by the noble gases and N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and n-C4H10 with comparison to other alkali rates SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Pressure broadening; Pressure shift; Potassium; Laser absorption; Spectroscopy; DPAL ID 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; RESONANCE LINES; FOREIGN GASES; 1ST DOUBLET; CESIUM; HELIUM; HE-3 AB The pressure broadening and shift rates for the potassium D-1 (4(2)P(1/2) <- 4(2)S(1/2)) transition with the noble gases and He-3, H-2, HD, D-2, N-2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and n-C4H10 were obtained for pressures up to 80 Tort and at a temperature of 55 degrees C by means of laser absorption spectroscopy. The collisional broadening rate, gamma(L), for He, He-3, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H-2, HD, D-2, N-2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and n-C4H10 are 13.08, 17.46, 6.14, 19.45, 16.64, 20.02, 22.15, 19.36, 17.47, 17.78, 29.35, 26.63, 27.27, and 27.85 MHz/Torr, respectively. The uncertainty in the broadening rates is typically less than 1.6%. The corresponding pressure induced shift rates, delta, are 1.63, 6.82, -1.27, -6.44, -5.42, -6.54,-5.34, -5.10, -4.70, -6.80, -7.41, -8.32, -8.59, and -8.80 MHz/Torr with a uncertainty of less than 2.4%. A comparison with the other alkali D-1 broadening cross-sections is presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Sandoval, Andrew J.; Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Zameroski, Nathan D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Klennert, Wade L.] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RDLC.SCI.org@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX Support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office is gratefully acknowledged. We also want to thank Billy Pike and Don Stalnaker for their help in the laboratory. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 113 IS 5 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.12.005 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 902AQ UT WOS:000301011400009 ER PT J AU Berglund, RK Tangen, CM Powell, IJ Lowe, BA Haas, GP Carroll, PR Canby-Hagino, ED White, RD Hemstreet, GP Crawford, D Thompson, IM Klein, EA AF Berglund, Ryan K. Tangen, Catherine M. Powell, Isaac J. Lowe, Bruce A. Haas, Gabriel P. Carroll, Peter R. Canby-Hagino, Edith D. White, Ralph deVere Hemstreet, George P., III Crawford, David Thompson, Ian M., Jr. Klein, Eric A. TI Ten-year Follow-up of Neoadjuvant Therapy with Goserelin Acetate and Flutamide Before Radical Prostatectomy for Clinical T3 and T4 Prostate Cancer: Update on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9109 SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RISK; TRIAL; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; OUTCOMES; STAGE; EORTC AB OBJECTIVE To update the results with 10-year data of a phase II prospective trial of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy with goserelin acetate and flutamide followed by radical prostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer (SWOG 9109). The optimal management for clinical stage T3 and T4 N0,M0 prostate cancer is uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients with clinical stage T3 and T4 N0, M0 prostate cancer were enrolled. Cases were classified by stage T3 vs T4 and by volume of disease (bulky >4 cm and nonbulky <= 4 cm). RESULTS Fifty-five of 61 eligible patients completed the trial with radical prostatectomy after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The median preoperative prostate-specific antigen value was 19.8 ng/mL, and 67% of patients had a Gleason score of >= 7. Among 41 patients last known to be alive, median follow-up is 10.6 years (range 5.1-12.6). In all, 38 patients have had disease progression (30/55, 55%) or died without progression (8/55, 15%) for a 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) estimate of 40% (95% CI 27-53). Median PFS was 7.5 years, and median survival has not been reached. The 10-year overall survival (OS) estimate is 68% (95% CI 56-80). CONCLUSIONS In this small, prospective phase II study, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy with goserelin acetate and flutamide followed by radical prostatectomy achieves long-term PFS and OS comparable with alternative treatments. This approach is feasible and may be an alternative to a strategy of combined radiation and ADT. UROLOGY 79: 633-637, 2012. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Urol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Wayne State Univ, Med Ctr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NW Urol Clin, Portland, OR USA. SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Berglund, RK (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Dept Urol, 9500 Euclid Blvd,Q10-1, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM berglur@ccf.org FU National Cancer Institute, DHHS [CA32102, CA38926, CA22433, CA14028, CA76447, CA46441, CA42777, CA35178, CA46113, CA58658, CA20319, CA76132, CA04919, CA35176, CA16385, CA35090, CA13612, CA58348] FX This investigation was supported in part by the following PHS Cooperative Agreement grant numbers awarded by the National Cancer Institute, DHHS: CA32102, CA38926, CA22433, CA14028, CA76447, CA46441, CA42777, CA35178, CA46113, CA58658, CA20319, CA76132, CA04919, CA35176, CA16385, CA35090, CA13612, CA04919 and CA58348. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 IS 3 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.019 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 903XB UT WOS:000301154400044 PM 22386416 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS AND THE KIPLINGER EFFECT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; 20 JANUARY 2005; RAY SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; SOFT X-RAYS; RELATIVISTIC PROTONS; FLARE; ACCELERATION; BURSTS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB The Kiplinger effect is an observed association of solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events with a "soft-hard-harder" (SHH) spectral evolution during the extended phases of the associated solar hard (E > 30 keV) X-ray (HXR) flares. Besides its possible use as a space weather predictor of SEP events, the Kiplinger effect has been interpreted as evidence of SEP production in the flare site itself, contradicting the widely accepted view that particles of large SEP events are predominately or entirely accelerated in shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We review earlier work to develop flare soft X-ray (SXR) and HXR spectra as SEP event forecast tools and then examine recent Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) evidence supporting the association of SHH HXR flares with large SEP events. We point out that ad hoc prediction criteria using the CME widths and SXR flare durations of associated RHESSI hard X-ray bursts (HXBs) can yield results comparable to those of the SHH prediction criteria. An examination of the RHESSI dynamic plots reveals several ambiguities in the determination of whether and when the SHH criteria are fulfilled, which must be quantified and applied consistently before an SHH-based predictive tool can be made. A comparative HXR spectral study beginning with the large population of relatively smaller SEP events has yet to be done, and we argue that those events will not be so well predicted by the SHH criteria. SHH HXR flares and CMEs are both components of large eruptive flare events, which accounts for the good connection of the SHH HXR flares with SEP events. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX This work was funded by AFOSR task 2301RDZ4. I thank G. Share and A. Tylka for useful discussions, the ApJ reviewer for substantial improvements in the paper, and James Grayson for posting plots of all the RHESSI dynamic spectra of the events of the Grayson et al. (2009) study on his Web site. This work made use of the LASCO CME catalog, which is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 747 IS 1 AR 66 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/66 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 897EK UT WOS:000300627300066 ER PT J AU Boxx, I Arndt, CM Carter, CD Meier, W AF Boxx, Isaac Arndt, Christoph M. Carter, Campbell D. Meier, Wolfgang TI High-speed laser diagnostics for the study of flame dynamics in a lean premixed gas turbine model combustor SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PIV MEASUREMENTS; SWIRL-FLAME; STEREOSCOPIC PIV; HIGH-PRESSURE; PLIF; OH AB A series of measurements was taken on two technically premixed, swirl-stabilized methane-air flames (at overall equivalence ratios of I center dot = 0.73 and 0.83) in an optically accessible gas turbine model combustor. The primary diagnostics used were combined planar laser-induced fluorescence of the OH radical and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) with simultaneous repetition rates of 10 kHz and a measurement duration of 0.8 s. Also measured were acoustic pulsations and OH chemiluminescence. Analysis revealed strong local periodicity in the thermoacoustically self-excited (or 'noisy') flame (I center dot = 0.73) in the regions of the flow corresponding to the inner shear layer and the jet-inflow. This periodicity appears to be the result of a helical precessing vortex core (PVC) present in that region of the combustor. The PVC has a precession frequency double (at 570 Hz) that of the thermo-acoustic pulsation (at 288 Hz). A comparison of the various data sets and analysis techniques applied to each flame suggests a strong coupling between the PVC and the thermo-acoustic pulsation in the noisy flame. Measurements of the stable ('quiet') flame (I center dot = 0.83) revealed a global fluctuation in both velocity and heat-release around 364 Hz, but no clear evidence of a PVC. C1 [Boxx, Isaac; Arndt, Christoph M.; Meier, Wolfgang] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZAS, Dayton, OH USA. RP Boxx, I (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, Stuttgart, Germany. EM Isaac.Boxx@dlr.de OI Arndt, Christoph/0000-0003-0871-6620 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX C. Carter acknowledges support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Windows on Europe Program. Figure 1a is reproduced with permission from Springer-Verlag-from Sustained multi-kHz flamefront and 3-component velocity-field measurements, by I. Boxx, M. Stohr, C. Carter and W. Meier. Appl Phys B (2009) 95: 23-29. and from Elsevier Science-from Temporally resolved planar measurements of transient phenomena in a partially pre-mixed swirl flame in a gas turbine model combustor, by I. Boxx, M. Stohr, C. Carter and W. Meier. Combustion and Flame, 157 (2009), 1,510-1,525. Figure 1b is reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science-from Detailed characterization of the dynamics of thermo-acoustic pulsations in a lean premixed swirl flame, by W. Meier, P. Weigand, X. R. Duan, R. Giezendanner-Thoben. Combustion and Flame 150 (2007) 2-26. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-1022-x PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 899XB UT WOS:000300848900002 ER PT J AU Killat, N Montes, M Pomeroy, JW Paskova, T Evans, KR Leach, J Li, X Ozgur, U Morkoc, H Chabak, KD Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Fitch, R Kossler, M Walker, DE Trejo, M Via, GD Blevins, JD Kuball, M AF Killat, N. Montes, M. Pomeroy, J. W. Paskova, T. Evans, K. R. Leach, J. Li, X. Oezguer, Ue Morkoc, H. Chabak, K. D. Crespo, A. Gillespie, J. K. Fitch, R. Kossler, M. Walker, D. E. Trejo, M. Via, G. D. Blevins, J. D. Kuball, M. TI Thermal Properties of AlGaN/GaN HFETs on Bulk GaN Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET); bulk GaN thermal conductivity; Raman thermography; thermal boundary resistance ID BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB Micro-Raman thermography, microphotoluminescence spectroscopy, and thermal simulation were used to study the thermal properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors grown on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. A bulk GaN thermal conductivity of 260 W . m(-1) . K-1 was determined from temperature measurements on operating devices in combination with finite-difference thermal simulations. This is significantly higher than typical thin GaN epilayer thermal conductivities, due to a lower dislocation density in bulk GaN. Despite the thermal conductivity of bulk GaN being lower than that of SiC, transistors on bulk GaN exhibited a similar thermal resistance as GaN-on-SiC devices, attributed to the absence of a thermal boundary resistance between the device epilayers and substrate for GaN-on-GaN devices. C1 [Killat, N.; Montes, M.; Pomeroy, J. W.; Kuball, M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Ctr Device Thermog & Reliabil, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Paskova, T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Evans, K. R.; Leach, J.] Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. [Li, X.; Oezguer, Ue; Morkoc, H.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Chabak, K. D.; Crespo, A.; Gillespie, J. K.; Fitch, R.; Kossler, M.; Walker, D. E.; Trejo, M.; Via, G. D.; Blevins, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Killat, N (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Ctr Device Thermog & Reliabil, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM Nicole.Killat@bristol.ac.uk; Miguel.Montes@bristol.ac.uk; James.Pomeroy@bristol.ac.uk; tmpaskov@ncsu.edu; evans@kymatech.com; leach@kymatech.com; lix9@vcu.edu; uozgur@vcu.edu; hmorkoc@vcu.edu; Kelson.Chabak@wpafb.af.mil; antonio.crespo@wpafb.af.mil; James.Gillespie@wpafb.af.mil; robert.fitch@wpafb.af.mil; mauricio.kossler@wpafb.af.mil; dennis.walker@wpafb.af.mil; manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; Glen.Via@wpafb.af.mil; John.Blevins@wpafb.af.mil; Martin.Kuball@bristol.ac.uk RI Paskova, Tanya/D-2203-2009; Montes Bajo, Miguel/L-8147-2014 OI Montes Bajo, Miguel/0000-0002-9352-5820 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR Global through the DRIFT; Air Force Research Laboratory through Kyma Technologies Inc. FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and ONR Global through the DRIFT program (monitored by Dr. Paul Maki). The work at Virginia Commonwealth University was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory through Kyma Technologies Inc. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor G. Meneghesso. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 366 EP 368 DI 10.1109/LED.2011.2179972 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 896PA UT WOS:000300580000022 ER PT J AU Rao, R Liptak, D Cherukuri, T Yakobson, BI Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Liptak, David Cherukuri, Tonya Yakobson, Boris I. Maruyama, Benji TI In situ evidence for chirality-dependent growth rates of individual carbon nanotubes SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CATALYST; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; ANGLE AB Chiral-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) remains a great challenge that hinders their use in applications such as electronics and medicine. Recent experimental(1,2) and theoretical(3,4) reports have begun to address this problem by suggesting that selectivity may be achieved during nucleation by changing the catalyst composition or structure. Nevertheless, to establish a rational basis for chiral-selective synthesis, the underlying mechanisms governing nucleation, growth, and termination of SWNTs must be better understood. To this end, we report the first measurements of growth rates of individual SWNTs through in situ Raman spectroscopy and correlate them with their chiral angles. Our results show that the growth rates are directly proportional to the chiral angles, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions(5,6). Importantly, the evidence singles out the growth stage as responsible for the chiral distribution-distinct from nucleation and termination which might also affect the final product distribution. Our results suggest a route to chiral-selective synthesis of SWNTs through rational synthetic design strategies based on kinetic control. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Liptak, David; Cherukuri, Tonya; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liptak, David] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Honda Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM rrao@honda-ri.com; benji.maruyama@wpafb.af.mil OI Rao, Rahul/0000-0002-6415-0185 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX The authors are grateful to J. Lou for substrate fabrication. We also thank J. Busbee, A. Harutyunyan, G. Chen, N. Pierce, P. T. Murray and E. A. Stach for helpful discussions and assistance, and S. Maruyama for assistance with sample design. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Research Council. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 7 U2 130 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1038/NMAT3231 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 897EA UT WOS:000300625500020 PM 22286334 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Atomistic simulations of intersection cross-slip nucleation in L1(2) Ni3Al SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE L1(2) Ni3Al; Atomistic simulations; Cross slip; Activation energy; Dislocation intersection ID SCREW DISLOCATION INTERSECTIONS; ANOMALOUS YIELD STRESS; CENTERED-CUBIC NICKEL; NI-AL SYSTEM; L12 ALLOYS; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; METALS; COPPER; MODEL AB Using atomistic simulations, the authors evaluate the activation barrier for a screw superdislocation to form the Paidar-Pope-Vitek (PPV) locked configuration when intersecting a forest dislocation in L1(2) Ni3Al, as a function of the superpartial core width. It is shown that the PPV lock is stable at the intersection, unlike when formed along an isolated dislocation line, and that the activation energy for cross slip at the forest dislocation intersection is significantly lower than that for cross slip along an isolated dislocation. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRLI MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRLI MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Satish.Rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU AFOSR; DOD FX The authors acknowledge use of the 3D molecular dynamics code, LAMMPS, which was developed at Sandia National Laboratory by Dr Steve Plimpton and co-workers. This work was supported by the AFOSR and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 6 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.12.002 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 899IS UT WOS:000300810200024 ER PT J AU Park, CH Won, JW Park, JW Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Park, Chan Hee Won, Jong Woo Park, Jin-Woo Semiatin, S. L. Lee, Chong Soo TI Mechanisms and Kinetics of Static Spheroidization of Hot-Worked Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si with a Lamellar Microstructure SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLONY-ALPHA MICROSTRUCTURE; PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES; HEAT-TREATMENT; DYNAMIC GLOBULARIZATION; COARSENING BEHAVIOR; SHAPE INSTABILITIES; TITANIUM-ALLOY; FLOW BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-FLOW; TI-6AL-4V AB The effect of imposed strain epsilon, annealing temperature T (A), and annealing time tau on the static spheroidization behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si having an initial lamellar microstructure was investigated. For this purpose, the samples were compressed isothermally at 1173 K (900 A degrees C) to epsilon = 1.0 and subsequently annealed at 1228 K (955 A degrees C) a parts per thousand currency sign T (A) a parts per thousand currency sign 1253 K (980 A degrees C) for 10 minutes a parts per thousand currency sign tau a parts per thousand currency sign 24 hours. For each test condition, metallography was performed to evaluate the change in aspect ratio (AR) and thus quantify the structural evolution from a lamellar to an equiaxed morphology. The average AR decreased rapidly during short annealing times as a result of sub-boundary-induced boundary splitting, but it decreased at a considerably slower rate during subsequent long-time, diffusion-controlled termination migration. The overall time to complete the static globularization was thus governed largely by termination migration. To model the observations, a kinetic equation describing the static spheroidization of two-phase titanium alloys was developed. A comparison of experimental results and predictions showed that the model can provide a reasonable prediction of the time required to complete diffusion-controlled migration of the edges of thin lamellar fragments that are circular or elliptical in shape. C1 [Park, Chan Hee] Korea Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Res & Implementat Ctr, Chang Won 641831, South Korea. [Won, Jong Woo; Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Park, Jin-Woo] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Periodontol, Taegu 700412, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, CH (reprint author), Korea Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Res & Implementat Ctr, Chang Won 641831, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Park, Jin-Woo/0000-0002-6632-023X NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 43A IS 3 BP 977 EP 985 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-1019-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 891CG UT WOS:000300193300018 ER PT J AU Cummings, ML How, JP Whitten, A Toupet, O AF Cummings, M. L. How, Jonathan P. Whitten, Andrew Toupet, Olivier TI The Impact of HumanAutomation Collaboration in Decentralized Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Command and control; decentralized task planning; decision support systems; humanautomation interaction; human supervisory control; unmanned vehicles ID AERIAL VEHICLES; PERFORMANCE; SEARCH; UAVS AB For future systems that require one or a small team of operators to supervise a network of automated agents, automated planners are critical since they are faster than humans for path planning and resource allocation in multivariate, dynamic, time-pressured environments. However, such planners can be brittle and unable to respond to emergent events. Human operators can aid such systems by bringing their knowledge-based reasoning and experience to bear. Given a decentralized task planner and a goal-based operator interface for a network of unmanned vehicles in a search, track, and neutralize mission, we demonstrate with a human-on-the-loop experiment that humans guiding these decentralized planners improved system performance by up to 50%. However, those tasks that required precise and rapid calculations were not significantly improved with human aid. Thus, there is a shared space in such complex missions for human-automation collaboration. C1 [Cummings, M. L.; How, Jonathan P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Whitten, Andrew] USAF, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Toupet, Olivier] Aurora Flight Sci, Ctr Res & Dev, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Cummings, ML (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM MissyC@mit.edu; jhow@mit.edu; andrew.whitten@edwards.af.mil; otoupet@gmail.com OI How, Jonathan/0000-0001-8576-1930 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research STTR FX This work was supported by a U.S. Office of Naval Research STTR under the guidance of Aurora Flight Sciences. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2012 VL 100 IS 3 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2174104 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 895OY UT WOS:000300507100008 ER PT J AU Biswas, S Gosztola, DJ Wiederrecht, GP Stroscio, MA Dutta, M AF Biswas, Sushmita Gosztola, David J. Wiederrecht, Gary P. Stroscio, Michael A. Dutta, Mitra TI Annealing-Induced Morphological Changes in Nanocrystalline Quantum Dots and Their Impact on Charge Transport Properties SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dots; annealing; cadmium selenide; charge transport; morphology ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER; FILMS; PHOTODETECTORS AB The effects of thermal annealing on the morphological and photoconductive properties of cadmium selenide quantum dots coated with zinc sulfide are studied. The results of transmission electron microscopy with in situ annealing show a number of events taking place simultaneously, including aggregation of dots, changes in the size and shape distribution, and reduction in interdot separation. Transient absorption results indicate that there is a small redshift of the spectrum. There is a shortening of the absorption decay lifetimes due to annealing. Higher photocurrents are measured in the annealed compared with unannealed dots at room temperature. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Gosztola, David J.; Wiederrecht, Gary P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stroscio, Michael A.; Dutta, Mitra] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Stroscio, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Stroscio, Michael A.; Dutta, Mitra] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Biswas, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM dutta@uic.edu RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Prof. Preston T. Snee from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago, for providing the quantum dot samples. We also thank Dr. Ke-Bin Low and Dr. Alan Nicholls from the Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, for the TEM measurements. Use of the Center for Nanoscale materials, Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 524 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s11664-011-1815-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 887LY UT WOS:000299930100016 ER PT J AU Adiga, U Taylor, D Bell, B Ponomareva, L Kanzlemar, S Kramer, R Saldanha, R Nelson, S Lamkin, TJ AF Adiga, Umesh Taylor, Debbie Bell, Brian Ponomareva, Larissa Kanzlemar, Stephen Kramer, Ryan Saldanha, Roland Nelson, Sandra Lamkin, Thomas J. TI Automated Analysis and Classification of Infected Macrophages Using Bright-Field Amplitude Contrast Data SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Article DE imaging technologies; image analysis; high-content screening; microscopy ID VIDEO MICROSCOPY; MIGRATING CELLS; TRACKING AB This article presents a methodology for acquisition and analysis of bright-field amplitude contrast image data in high-throughput screening (HTS) for the measurement of cell density, cell viability, and classification of individual cells into phenotypic classes. We present a robust image analysis pipeline, where the original data are subjected to image standardization, image enhancement, and segmentation by region growing. This work develops new imaging and analysis techniques for cell analysis in HTS and successfully addresses a particular need for direct measurement of cell density and other features without using dyes. C1 [Adiga, Umesh; Bell, Brian; Saldanha, Roland] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Taylor, Debbie; Kramer, Ryan; Lamkin, Thomas J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Taylor, Debbie; Kramer, Ryan; Lamkin, Thomas J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Ponomareva, Larissa; Nelson, Sandra] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Drug Discovery, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kanzlemar, Stephen] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lamkin, TJ (reprint author), 711th HPW RHPCB,2510 5th St,Area B,Bldg 840,Room, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.lamkin@wpafb.af.mil FU Department of Defense through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [B102387M] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was supported by the Transformational Medical Technologies program contract B102387M from the Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense program through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 EI 1552-454X J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD MAR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1177/1087057111426902 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 891CA UT WOS:000300192700013 PM 22058111 ER PT J AU Seletskiy, DV Hehlen, MP Epstein, RI Sheik-Bahae, M AF Seletskiy, Denis V. Hehlen, Markus P. Epstein, Richard I. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor TI Cryogenic optical refrigeration SO ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Article AB We review the field of laser cooling of solids, focusing our attention on the recent advances in cryogenic cooling of an ytterbium-doped fluoride crystal (Yb3+ : YLiF4). Recently, bulk cooling in this material to 155 K has been observed upon excitation near the lowest-energy (E4-E5) crystal-field resonance of Yb3+. Furthermore, local cooling in the same material to a minimum achievable temperature of 110 K has been measured, in agreement with the predictions of the laser cooling model. This value is limited only by the current material purity. Advanced material synthesis approaches reviewed here would allow reaching temperatures approaching 80 K. Current results and projected improvements position optical refrigeration as the only viable all-solid-state cooling approach for cryogenic temperatures. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Seletskiy, Denis V.; Epstein, Richard I.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hehlen, Markus P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Seletskiy, DV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM d.seletskiy@gmail.com RI Seletskiy, Denis/C-1372-2011; OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595; Epstein, Richard/0000-0002-3929-4363 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program); DARPA; NASA; U.S. Department of Energy; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program), DARPA (seedling), NASA, and the U.S. Department of Energy. D. V. Seletskiy acknowledges the support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 139 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1943-8206 J9 ADV OPT PHOTONICS JI Adv. Opt. Photonics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 78 EP 107 DI 10.1364/AOP.4.000078 PG 30 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30WA UT WOS:000208844900002 ER PT J AU Gensheimer, PD Walker, CK Ziolkowski, RW d'Aubigny, CD AF Gensheimer, Paul D. Walker, Christopher K. Ziolkowski, Richard W. d'Aubigny, Christian Drouet TI Full-Scale Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Simulations of a Terahertz Folded-Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube Using ICEPIC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Terahertz (THz) technology; traveling-wave amplifiers; traveling-wave devices; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs); waveguides AB This paper discusses simulation and modeling of the slow wave structure of a folded-waveguide terahertz traveling wave tube (TWT) using the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle In Cell (ICEPIC) software. This is the first time ICEPIC has been used for simulation of a TWT amplifier. Cold test simulations compare favorably with analytical models; at 368 GHz, the on-axis interaction impedance is 7.8 Omega. Hot test (beam included) ICEPIC simulations were used to determine the effects of space charge on the gain calculations. At 368 GHz, the normalized beam plasma frequency from ICEPIC simulations is Omega(p) = 0.56. Analysis of our ICEPIC simulations at 368 GHz indicates a normalized beam plasma frequency 75% larger than an analytical model we improvised from a sheath helix model taken from the literature. The hot test ICEPIC simulations at 368GHz for a 64 periods long slow wave structure and a 10 mA, 25 kV electron beam produce small signal gain of 27 dB. The small-signal fractional 3-dB bandwidth of the TWT is 2.9%. The saturated fractional 3-dB bandwidth is 3.2%. Large signal simulations indicate that the saturated power at 368 GHz is 39.4 dBm and the saturated gain is 21.8 dB. A snapshot of a cross section of the electron beam shows bunching in space and a corresponding modulation in the velocity of the electron beam. C1 [Gensheimer, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ziolkowski, Richard W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [d'Aubigny, Christian Drouet] Teravision Inc, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. RP Gensheimer, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM icepic@kirtland.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [NSF OII-0539952, IIP-0836204]; DARPA [HR0011-05-C-006] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF OII-0539952 and Grant IIP-0836204. This work was supported in part by DARPA under Contract HR0011-05-C-006. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2178931 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142AA UT WOS:000318766700011 ER PT J AU Lopez, N Previc, FH Fischer, J Heitz, RP Engle, RW AF Lopez, Nadia Previc, Fred H. Fischer, Joseph Heitz, Richard P. Engle, Randall W. TI Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance by United States Air Force pilots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Attention; Flight; Cognition; Errors AB This study examined the effects of 35 h of continuous sleep deprivation on performance in a variety of cognitive tasks as well as simulated flight. Ten United States Air Force pilots completed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB), Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), and Operation Span Task (OSPAN), as well as simulated flight at 3 h intervals over a 35 h sleep deprivation period. Performance declined on all tests after about 18-20 h of continuous sleep deprivation, although the degree to which performance degraded varied. During the second half of the sleep deprivation period, performance on the simulated flight was predicted by PVT and OSPAN reasonably well but much less so by the MATB. Variance from optimal flight performance was predicted by both PVT and OSPAN but each measure added incremental validity to the prediction. The two measures together accounted for 58% of the variance in flight performance in the second half of the sleep deprivation period. (C) 2011 Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, Nadia] Air Force Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Previc, Fred H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Heitz, Richard P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Engle, Randall W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Engle, RW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, 654 Cherry St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM randall.engle@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX We wish to thank Col. Dave Tubbs of the Advanced Instrument School at Randolph Air Force Base for allowing us to recruit from his group and the pilots who participated in this research study. This research study was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2211-3681 EI 2211-369X J9 J APPL RES MEM COGN JI J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jarmac.2011.10.002 PG 7 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V38TE UT WOS:000209364900005 ER PT J AU Jablonowski, BL Bartoloni, JA Hensley, DM Vandewalle, KS AF Jablonowski, Beth L. Bartoloni, Joseph A. Hensley, Donna M. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Fluoride release from newly marketed fluoride varnishes SO QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE caries; fluoride; varnish ID CARIES RISK-ASSESSMENT; DENTAL-CARIES; TOPICAL TREATMENT; WHOLE SALIVA; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH; DISCRIMINATION; ADOLESCENTS; MECHANISM AB Objective: New fluoride varnishes have been marketed that reportedly release more fluoride (Enamel Pro) or release fluoride more slowly (Vanish XT). The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and rate of fluoride release of new fluoride varnishes with other traditional fluoride varnishes. Method and Materials: Extracted molars were cut into block sections. The enamel surfaces of the sections were painted with Enamel Pro, Duraphat, Vanish, or Vanish XT fluoride varnishes. One group was not treated and served as a negative control. The tooth sections were immersed in artificial saliva. The concentration of fluoride in parts per million was measured after the first 30 minutes, daily for the first week, and weekly until the level was below the limit of detection. Fluoride release was plotted over time. Cumulative fluoride release and rate of release (slope) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Tukey (alpha = .05). Results: Enamel Pro had the greatest cumulative fluoride release. There was no significant difference between Duraphat and Vanish. Vanish XT had the lowest cumulative fluoride release. The rate of fluoride release from 1 week to limit of detection was Enamel Pro > Vanish > Duraphat > Vanish XT. Conclusion: The two newly marketed fluoride varnishes (Enamel Pro and Vanish XT) had significantly different fluoride release from the two conventional fluoride varnishes (Duraphat and Vanish). (Quintessence Int 2012;43:221-228) C1 [Jablonowski, Beth L.] Spangdahlem AB, Spangdahlem, Germany. [Bartoloni, Joseph A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, Dept Comprehens Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Hensley, Donna M.] Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@us.af.mil NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 0033-6572 J9 QUINTESSENCE INT JI Quintessence Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 125YC UT WOS:000317577000008 PM 22299122 ER PT J AU Mao, XY Wang, W Sun, H Lu, YL Chen, XB AF Mao, Xiangyu Wang, Wei Sun, Hui Lu, Yalin Chen, Xiaobing TI Influence of different synthesizing steps on the multiferroic properties of Bi5Fe1Ti3O15 and Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH TITANATE; DOPED BI4TI3O12; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; BIFEO3; BI5FETI3O15; POWDER; FAMILY AB The compounds Bi5FeTi3O15 (BFTO) and Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 (BFCT) were prepared by incorporating BiFeO3 (BFO) and BiFe0.5Co0.5O3 (BFCO) into the host Bi4Ti3O12 (abbreviated as BFTO-1 and BFCT-1) and by the conventional solid-state reaction method (abbreviated as BFTO-2 and BFCT-2). X-ray analysis indicates a four-layer Aurivillius phases with an orthorhombic symmetry. At room temperature, the remnant polarization (2P (r)) of BFTO-1, BFTO-2, BFCT-1, and BFCT-2 samples are measured to be 11.0, 3.5, 13, and 6.3 mu C/cm(2), respectively, and the corresponding remnant magnetization (2M (r)) are about 2.72 x 10(-3) memu/g, 1.51 x 10(-3) memu/g, 7.6 and 2.1 memu/g, respectively. Both BFTO-1 and BFCT-1 samples exhibit the dielectric peaks at around 755 and 772 A degrees C in their epsilon-T curves, respectively. C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Wang, Wei; Sun, Hui; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. EM xbchen@yzu.edu.cn RI Sun, Hui/L-2826-2015 FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [51072177]; Jiangsu Province Department of Education [08KJB140011] FX This study was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51072177) and Jiangsu Province Department of Education (Grant No. 08KJB140011). NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2960 EP 2965 DI 10.1007/s10853-011-6129-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879LM UT WOS:000299330700052 ER PT J AU Calhoon, WH Zambon, AC Sekar, B Kiel, B AF Calhoon, William H., Jr. Zambon, Andrea C. Sekar, Balu Kiel, Barry TI Subgrid Scale Combustion Modeling Based on Stochastic Model Parameterization SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NON-PREMIXED COMBUSTION; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; REYNOLDS-NUMBER AB A new modeling formulation for turbulent chemistry interactions in large-eddy simulation (LES) is presented that is based on a unique application of the linear-eddy model (LEM) that includes large scale strain effects. This novel application of the LEM may be used to predict turbulent flame extinction limits due to both small and large scale strain effects. Statistics from this modeling formulation may be used to generate an inexpensive run-time model for LES predictions. This paper presents the LEM modeling formulation and demonstrates the capabilities of the approach for augmenter conditions. A methodology is also presented for formulating an LES-linear-eddy model (LES-LEM) subgrid model based on the simulation data. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004254] C1 [Calhoon, William H., Jr.; Zambon, Andrea C.] Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, CRAFT Tech, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. [Calhoon, William H., Jr.; Zambon, Andrea C.] Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, CRAFT Tech, Pipersville, PA 18947 USA. [Sekar, Balu; Kiel, Barry] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calhoon, WH (reprint author), Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, CRAFT Tech, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. FU AFRL/RZTC; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base under an AFRL FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Balu Sekar and Dr. Barry Kiel of AFRL/RZTC, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, for supporting this research under an AFRL Phase I SBIR program. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2012 VL 134 IS 3 AR 031505 DI 10.1115/1.4004254 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 874OH UT WOS:000298967400006 ER PT J AU Brockman, RA Braisted, WR Olson, SE Tenaglia, RD Clauer, AH Langer, K Shepard, MJ AF Brockman, Robert A. Braisted, William R. Olson, Steven E. Tenaglia, Richard D. Clauer, Allan H. Langer, Kristina Shepard, Michael J. TI Prediction and characterization of residual stresses from laser shock peening SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Finite elements; Laser shock peening; Residual stresses; Fatigue; Statistics ID SIMULATION AB The use of laser shock peening (LSP) to enhance the fatigue resistance of metals offers several potential advantages over more conventional surface enhancement techniques such as shot peening, including deeper penetration of the residual stresses, more reliable surface coverage, and the potential for reduced microstructural damage. In the last decade, computational hardware and software resources have advanced to a state that permits numerical simulation of practical LSP processing at a reasonable level of detail, including complex geometric features, multiple and overlapping laser pulses, and intensity variations within the individual laser spots. This article offers some further developments in simulating LSP processes on a realistic scale, as well as some simple methods for distilling and interpreting results from such simulations. A key point of interest is the local variations in residual stress that occur within the processed region, which are quite sensitive to processing variables, and not easily measured experimentally. The simulations suggest that X-ray diffraction measurements of the residual stress field offer only a coarse description of the final residual stress field, and should be interpreted with some caution. We propose some methods for interpreting the simulation results statistically, to provide a clear but accurate characterization of the surface treatment and its effect on fatigue behavior. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brockman, Robert A.; Braisted, William R.; Olson, Steven E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tenaglia, Richard D.; Clauer, Allan H.] LSP Technol, Dublin, OH USA. [Langer, Kristina; Shepard, Michael J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RBSM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brockman, RA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM robert.brockman@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; DoD [USAF-3446-31-SC-0001]; AFRL/RBSM; AFRL/RXLMN; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio; AFRL/RXP FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RBSM and AFRL/RXLMN, under DoD contract USAF-3446-31-SC-0001. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Shamachary Sathish and Mr. Rick Reibel of UDRI, and of Lambda Research, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio, in performing XRD measurements. AFRL/RXP kindly provided facilities and support for some of the XRD measurements. Computational resources and support were provided by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program DSRC Facility at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. We are particularly grateful for applications support provided by Mr. Terry McClurg of Computer Sciences Corporation. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 96 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.08.011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856BR UT WOS:000297612000011 ER PT J AU Gunzelmann, G Gluck, KA Moore, LR Dinges, DF AF Gunzelmann, Glenn Gluck, Kevin A. Moore, L. Richard, Jr. Dinges, David F. TI Diminished access to declarative knowledge with sleep deprivation SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sleep deprivation; Fatigue; Computational model; Declarative knowledge; Memory retrieval; Activation ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION PERFORMANCE; NEUROBEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; INTEGRATED THEORY; FATIGUE; CONSEQUENCES; WAKEFULNESS; STRATEGIES; EMOTION AB Inadequate sleep affects cognitive functioning, with often subtle and occasionally catastrophic personal and societal consequences. Unfortunately, this topic has received little attention in the cognitive modeling literature, despite the potential payoff. In this paper, we provide evidence regarding the impact of sleep deprivation on a particular component of cognitive performance, the ability to access and use declarative knowledge. Every 2 h throughout an extended period of sleep deprivation, participants completed 50 trials of a serial addition/subtraction task requiring knowledge of single-digit arithmetic facts. Over the course of 88 h awake, response times increased while accuracy declined. A computational model accounts for the degradation in performance through a reduction in the activation of declarative knowledge. This knowledge is required for successful completion of the serial addition/subtraction task, but access to the declarative knowledge is impaired as sleep deprivation increases and alertness declines. Importantly, the mechanism provides a generalizable quantitative account relevant to other tasks and contexts. It also provides a process-level understanding of how cognitive performance declines with increasing levels of sleep loss. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gunzelmann, Glenn; Gluck, Kevin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch HPW RHAC 711, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Moore, L. Richard, Jr.] Lockheed Martin AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Div Sleep & Chronobiol, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gunzelmann, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch HPW RHAC 711, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM glenn.gunzelmann@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Warfighter Readiness Research Division; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [07HE01COR, F49620-00-1-0266, FA9550-05-1-0293]; National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA [NCC 9-58] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the US Government. The research was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Warfighter Readiness Research Division and by Grants 07HE01COR, F49620-00-1-0266, and FA9550-05-1-0293 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58. An earlier version of the model was presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. We appreciate conversations with Hans Van Dongen on this research and comments from him and three anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this paper. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.09.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 844JY UT WOS:000296744700001 ER PT J AU Hysell, DL Varney, RH Vlasov, MN Nossa, E Watkins, B Pedersen, T Huba, JD AF Hysell, D. L. Varney, R. H. Vlasov, M. N. Nossa, E. Watkins, B. Pedersen, T. Huba, J. D. TI Estimating the electron energy distribution during ionospheric modification from spectrographic airglow measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PUMP ENHANCED AIRGLOW; GROSS EARTH DATA; SUPRATHERMAL ELECTRONS; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; MAGNETIC ZENITH; F-REGION; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; THERMAL-ELECTRONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HF AB The electron energy distribution during an F region ionospheric modification experiment at the HAARP facility near Gakona, Alaska, is inferred from spectrographic airglow emission data. Emission lines at 630.0, 557.7, and 844.6 nm are considered along with the absence of detectable emissions at 427.8 nm. Estimating the electron energy distribution function from the airglow data is a problem in classical linear inverse theory. We describe an augmented version of the method of Backus and Gilbert which we use to invert the data. The method optimizes the model resolution, the precision of the mapping between the actual electron energy distribution and its estimate. Here, the method has also been augmented so as to limit the model prediction error. Model estimates of the suprathermal electron energy distribution versus energy and altitude are incorporated in the inverse problem formulation as representer functions. Our methodology indicates a heater-induced electron energy distribution with a broad peak near 5 eV that decreases approximately exponentially by 30 dB between 5-50 eV. C1 [Hysell, D. L.; Varney, R. H.; Vlasov, M. N.; Nossa, E.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Watkins, B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hysell, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Varney, Roger/0000-0002-5976-2638 FU DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0099]; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [N00014-07-1-1079]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) FX This project was supported by DARPA through contract HR0011-09-C-0099. Additional support came from the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) and from the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory under grant N00014-07-1-1079 to Cornell. Work at AFRL was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A02317 DI 10.1029/2011JA017187 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903RE UT WOS:000301135600001 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JB Ganguly, BN AF Schmidt, Jacob B. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Point-to-plane pulsed discharge initiated flame structure modification in propane-air flame (vol 45, 045203, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Schmidt, Jacob B.] Spectral Energies Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Schmidt, JB (reprint author), Spectral Energies Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 29 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 8 AR 089601 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/45/8/089601 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 896YC UT WOS:000300606300011 ER PT J AU Huang, CS AF Huang, Chao-Song TI Statistical analysis of dayside equatorial ionospheric electric fields and electrojet currents produced by magnetospheric substorms during sawtooth events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOMETER OBSERVATIONS; DRIFT VELOCITIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ART.; PENETRATION; PHASE; ONSET; ELECTRODYNAMICS; CONVECTION AB Substorms cause significant disturbances in the ionosphere. However, it has not been well understood how the electric field and electrojet in the dayside equatorial ionosphere respond to substorm onset. Previous studies found that the equatorial electric field, after substorm onset, could be eastward or westward. Because the onset of isolated substorms is often related to a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the measured total electric field is determined by contributions from both IMF northward turning and substorm onset and is not necessarily the signature of the onset. In order to exclude the effect of IMF northward turning, we analyze the variations of ionospheric electric field and electrojet during storm time substorms when the IMF remains stable. Thus, the ionospheric variations can be identified to be caused solely by substorms. The electric field data are measured by the Jicamarca radar, and the electrojet is derived from magnetometers at Jicamarca and Piura. It is found that substorm onset induces an eastward electric field and electrojet in the dayside equatorial ionosphere when the IMF remains continuously southward across the onset. The equatorial electrojet starts to increase at the onset, reaches a maximum value similar to 30 min after the onset, and then decreases to the pre-onset value similar to 60 min after the onset. Westward electric field and counter-electrojet occur only if the substorm onset is associated with a northward turning of the IMF. It is concluded that the effect of substorm onset on the dayside equatorial ionosphere, without involvement of IMF reorientations, is an enhanced eastward electric field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 570,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0321]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1003652] FX This study was supported, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) award FA9550-09-1-0321 and, in part, by the National Science Foundation award AGS-1003652. The author gratefully acknowledges the Jicamarca Radio Observatory for providing the radar and magnetometer data, Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing the proton flux data, and NASA GSFC CDAWeb for providing access to the solar wind data. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A02316 DI 10.1029/2011JA017398 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903RC UT WOS:000301135400003 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Dedic, CE Roy, S Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Miller, Joseph D. Dedic, Chloe E. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. TI Interference-free gas-phase thermometry at elevated pressure using hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; N-2; NITROGEN; SUPPRESSION; AIR AB Rotational-level-dependent dephasing rates and nonresonant background can lead to significant uncertainties in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry under high-pressure, low-temperature conditions if the gas composition is unknown. Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational CARS is employed to minimize or eliminate the influence of collisions and nonresonant background for accurate, frequency-domain thermometry at elevated pressure. The ability to ignore these interferences and achieve thermometric errors of <5% is demonstrated for N-2 and O-2 at pressures up to 15 atm. Beyond 15 atm, the effects of collisions cannot be ignored but can be minimized using a short probe delay (similar to 6.5 ps) after Raman excitation, thereby improving thermometric accuracy with a time-and frequency-resolved theoretical model. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Miller, Joseph D.; Dedic, Chloe E.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Grad Sch Adv Opt Technol SAOT, Erlangen, Germany. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1056006]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding was provided, in part, by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1056006, Dr. A. Atreya, Program Official) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. T. Curcic and M. Birkan, Program Managers). J. Miller was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. The authors also thank M. Johnson and B. Halls of Iowa State University and Drs. S. Danczyk and D. Talley of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 27 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 BP 5003 EP 5010 DI 10.1364/OE.20.005003 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902QL UT WOS:000301053200018 PM 22418304 ER PT J AU Serak, SV Hakobyan, RS Nersisyan, SR Tabiryan, NV White, TJ Bunning, TJ Steeves, DM Kimball, BR AF Serak, Svetlana V. Hakobyan, Rafael S. Nersisyan, Sarik R. Tabiryan, Nelson V. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. Steeves, Diane M. Kimball, Brian R. TI All-optical diffractive/transmissive switch based on coupled cycloidal diffractive waveplates SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; GRATINGS; POLARIZATION; REFLECTORS; MICROSCOPY; PHASE; FILMS AB Pairs of cycloidal diffractive waveplates can be used to doubly diffract or collinearly propagate laser radiation of the appropriate wavelength. The use of a dynamic phase retarder placed in between the pair can be utilized to switch between the two optical states. We present results from the implementation of an azo-based retarder whose optical properties can be modulated using light itself. We show fast and efficient switching between the two states for both CW and single nanosecond laser pulses of green radiation. Contrasts greater than 100: 1 were achieved. The temporal response as a function of light intensity is presented and the optical switching is shown to be polarization independent. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Serak, Svetlana V.; Hakobyan, Rafael S.; Nersisyan, Sarik R.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Steeves, Diane M.; Kimball, Brian R.] USA, Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Serak, SV (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 27 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 BP 5460 EP 5469 DI 10.1364/OE.20.005460 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902QL UT WOS:000301053200066 PM 22418352 ER PT J AU Huang, CS Retterer, JM de La Beaujardiere, O Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Pfaff, RF AF Huang, Chao-Song Retterer, J. M. de La Beaujardiere, O. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Ballenthin, J. O. Pfaff, R. F. TI Observations and simulations of formation of broad plasma depletions through merging process SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BACKSCATTER PLUMES; DRIFTS; CLIMATOLOGY; GENERATION; JICAMARCA; BUBBLES; GROWTH AB Broad plasma depletions in the equatorial ionosphere near dawn are region in which the plasma density is reduced by 1-3 orders of magnitude over thousands of kilometers in longitude. This phenomenon is observed repeatedly by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during deep solar minimum. The plasma flow inside the depletion region can be strongly upward. The possible causal mechanism for the formation of broad plasma depletions is that the broad depletions result from merging of multiple equatorial plasma bubbles. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of the merging mechanism with new observations and simulations. We present C/NOFS observations for two cases. A series of plasma bubbles is first detected by C/NOFS over a longitudinal range of 3300-3800 km around midnight. Each of the individual bubbles has a typical width of similar to 100 km in longitude, and the upward ion drift velocity inside the bubbles is 200-400 m s(-1). The plasma bubbles rotate with the Earth to the dawn sector and become broad plasma depletions. The observations clearly show the evolution from multiple plasma bubbles to broad depletions. Large upward plasma flow occurs inside the depletion region over 3800 km in longitude and exists for similar to 5 h. We also present the numerical simulations of bubble merging with the physics-based low-latitude ionospheric model. It is found that two separate plasma bubbles join together and form a single, wider bubble. The simulations show that the merging process of plasma bubbles can indeed occur in incompressible ionospheric plasma. The simulation results support the merging mechanism for the formation of broad plasma depletions. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; de La Beaujardiere, O.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Retterer, J. M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0321]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by C.S.H. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) award FA9550-09-1-0321. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A02314 DI 10.1029/2011JA017084 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 899NR UT WOS:000300823200001 ER PT J AU Henney, CJ Toussaint, WA White, SM Arge, CN AF Henney, C. J. Toussaint, W. A. White, S. M. Arge, C. N. TI Forecasting F-10.7 with solar magnetic flux transport modeling SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 10.7 CM FLUX; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE REGIONS; SUNSPOT NUMBER; FIELDS; INDEXES; WIND; SUN; EMISSION AB A new method is presented here to forecast the solar 10.7 cm (2.8 GHz) radio flux, abbreviated F-10.7, utilizing advanced predictions of the global solar magnetic field generated by a flux transport model. Using indices derived from the absolute value of the solar magnetic field, we find good correlation between the observed photospheric magnetic activity and the observed F-10.7 values. Comparing magnetogram data observed within 6 hours of the F-10.7 measurements during the years 1993 through 2010, the Spearman correlation coefficient, r(s), for an empirical model of F-10.7 is found to be 0.98. In addition, we find little change in the empirical model coefficients and correlations between the first and second 9 year intervals of the 18 year period investigated. By evolving solar magnetic synoptic maps forward 1-7 days, this new method provides a realistic estimation of the Earth-side solar magnetic field distribution used to forecast F-10.7. Spearman correlation values of approximately 0.97, 0.95, and 0.93 are found for 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day forecasts, respectively. The method presented here can be expanded to forecast other space weather parameters, e.g., total solar irradiance and extreme ultraviolet flux. In addition, near-term improvements to the F-10.7 forecasting method, e.g., including far-side magnetic data with solar magnetic flux transport, are discussed. Citation: Henney, C.J., W.A. Toussaint, S.M. White, and C.N. Arge (2012), Forecasting F-10.7 with solar magnetic flux transport modeling, Space Weather, 10, S02011, doi:10.1029/2011SW000748. C1 [Henney, C. J.; White, S. M.; Arge, C. N.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Toussaint, W. A.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Henney, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cjhenney@gmail.com FU AFRL's (Air Force Research Laboratory) Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL); AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research); Canadian Space Agency FX We are grateful to Luca Bertello and John Harvey for helpful discussions regarding the scaling of VSM magnetogram data. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the two referees for helpful comments and suggestions. The work presented here was partially supported by the AFRL's (Air Force Research Laboratory) Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL). The ADAPT software used in this work was developed with support by a grant from the AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research). The 10.7 cm solar radio flux data service is operated by the National Research Council of Canada and Natural Resources Canada, with the support of the Canadian Space Agency. The National Solar Observatory (NSO) data used for this work are produced cooperatively by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NSO. The NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under cooperative agreement with the NSF. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S02011 DI 10.1029/2011SW000748 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899NV UT WOS:000300823800002 ER PT J AU Brown, KC Perram, GP AF Brown, Kirk C. Perram, Glen P. TI Spin-orbit relaxation and quenching of cesium 7 P-2 in mixtures of helium, methane, and ethane SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXCITED ALKALI ATOMS; EXCITATION TRANSFER; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; RUBIDIUM LASER; GAS ATOMS; STATES AB The fine-structure mixing and quenching cross sections of the cesium 7 P-2 state inmixtures of helium, methane, and ethane were measured using laser-induced fluorescence techniques. This research was performed to study the kinetics associated with an optically pumped blue cesium laser operating on the 7(2)P(1/2)-6S(1/2) transition. Fluorescence decay curves from pulsed-laser experiments were analyzed as a function of buffer gas density at cell temperatures near 393 K. The fine-structure mixing cross sections for He, CH4, and C2H6 are 14 +/- 3, 35 +/- 6, and 73 +/- 10 angstrom(2), respectively. The P-2(3/2) state is quenched more rapidly than the P-2(1/2) state. A model that includes the effects of radiation trapping and independent quenching cross sections for each fine-structure sublevel is compared to the experimental data. The rapid quenching negatively impacts the performance of a recently demonstrated optically pumped blue laser. We compare the cross sections for alkali-metal and noble gases and extend the adiabaticity analysis to the higher-lying excited states. C1 [Brown, Kirk C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 2 AR 022713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022713 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 897NH UT WOS:000300657100004 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Urbas, A Li, Q AF Wang, Yan Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Reversible Visible-Light Tuning of Self-Organized Helical Superstructures Enabled by Unprecedented Light-Driven Axially Chiral Molecular Switches SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; DISPLAY; GREEN; LASER; RED AB Two enantiomeric light-driven azo molecular switches with axial chirality and extended conjugation were found to exhibit unprecedented reversible photo-isomerization in both organic-solvent and liquid-crystal media only upon visible-light irradiation. When doped in an achiral liquid crystal with a different concentration, the chiral switch was able either to immediately induce an optically tunable helical superstructure or to retain an achiral liquid-crystal phase whose helical superstructure was induced and tuned reversibly upon visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, reversible dynamic red, green, and blue reflection achieved only by using visible light was demonstrated. C1 [Wang, Yan; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Wang, Yan/A-3347-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9950-09-1-0193, FA9550-09-1-0254] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9950-09-1-0193 and FA9550-09-1-0254). We thank R S. Zola, Y. Li, L. Jin, X. Ma, and C. Xue for discussions and characterization assistance. NR 29 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 22 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 7 BP 3342 EP 3345 DI 10.1021/ja211837f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 903AG UT WOS:000301084700008 PM 22313230 ER PT J AU Yan, L Wang, M Raju, NP Epstein, A Tan, LS Urbas, A Chiang, LY Hu, B AF Yan, Liang Wang, Min Raju, N. P. Epstein, Arthur Tan, Loon-Seng Urbas, Augustine Chiang, Long Y. Hu, Bin TI Magnetocurrent of Charge-Polarizable C-60-Diphenylaminofluorene Monoadduct-Derived Magnetic Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GIANT NEGATIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE; PI-D INTERACTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; SANDWICH DEVICES; FIELD; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; CONDUCTOR; ADDUCTS; SYSTEM AB We demonstrated the strategy of a nanocomposite design by the incorporation of both a delocalized pi-electrons system in a closely bound acceptor-donor analogue chromophore, based on charge-polarizable C-60(>DPAF-C-9) nanostructure 1, and spin-polarized d-electrons in the form of gamma-FeOx nanoparticles. Facile intramolecular electron transfer from the DPAF-C-9 donor moiety to the C-60 acceptor cage of 1 upon activation to the excited state with a long lifetime of the charge-separated state forms a possible mechanism to integrate semiconducting and magnetic properties in a single system. We observed an appreciable magnetocurrent (MC) of C-60(>DPAF-C-9)-encapsulated magnetic gamma-FeOx nanoparticles in PMMA matrix upon applying a magnetic field from 0 to 300 mT at either 77K (12% MC) or 300 K (4.5% MC). Interestingly, the detailed analysis of magnetocurrent curve profiles taken at 77 K allowed us to conclude that the measured magnetocurrent may be attributed to the contributions from magnetic field-dependent excited-state populations in semiconducting structure (density-based MC), magnetism from magnetic structure (mobility-based MC), and product of density and mobility-based MC components (pi-d electronic coupling). At the higher temperature region up to 300 K, the semiconducting mechanism dominated the determining factor of measured magnetocurrent. This experimental observation indicated the feasibility of combining delocalized pi electrons and spin-polarized d electrons through charge transfer to induce internally coupled dual mobility- and density-based MC through the modulation of spin polarization and excited states in semiconducting/magnetic hybrid materials. C1 [Wang, Min; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Yan, Liang; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Raju, N. P.; Epstein, Arthur] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM long_chiang@uml.edu; bhu@utk.edu RI Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015; Yan, Liang/H-6471-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625; Yan, Liang/0000-0003-4122-7466; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0082, FA9550-09-1-0380]; NSF [ECCS-0644945]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-09-D-5037-0006] FX L.Y. and B.H. would like to acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant number FA9550-11-1-0082 and from the NSF under grant number ECCS-0644945. M.W. and L.Y.C. are thankful for the financial support of AFOSR under grant number FA9550-09-1-0380 and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA8650-09-D-5037-0006. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 22 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 7 BP 3549 EP 3554 DI 10.1021/ja210812u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 903AG UT WOS:000301084700031 PM 22324519 ER PT J AU Mertelj, A Cmok, L Copic, M Cook, G Evans, DR AF Mertelj, Alenka Cmok, Luka Copic, Martin Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. TI Critical behavior of director fluctuations in suspensions of ferroelectric nanoparticles in liquid crystals at the nematic to smectic-A phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SN2P2S6 AB By dynamic light scattering we studied the temperature dependence of scattered intensities and relaxation rates for pure twist and pure bend modes in a colloidal system of BaTiO3 single domain nanoparticles and liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) close to the nematic to smectic-A phase transition. From the experiments we obtained the critical exponents for the smectic correlation lengths, which in suspensions differ from the values for pure 8CB. The phase transition temperatures from isotropic to nematic phase (T-NI) and from nematic to smectic-A phase (T-NA) are both affected by the presence of the particles in two ways. The electric field around the ferroelectric particles increases the transition temperatures, whereas the disorder and probably also the excess of the surfactant cause a decrease of the transition temperatures compared to pure 8CB. The net effect is lower T-NI and almost unchanged T-NA in suspensions. After prolonged exposure to the external field the ferroelectric particles irreversibly aggregate, which results in the decrease of the internal electric field and, consequently, in the decrease of both transition temperatures. C1 [Mertelj, Alenka; Cmok, Luka; Copic, Martin] J Stefan Inst, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Mertelj, Alenka; Copic, Martin] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Cook, Gary] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mertelj, A (reprint author), J Stefan Inst, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Mertelj, Alenka/C-6209-2011 OI Mertelj, Alenka/0000-0002-2766-9121 FU Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of Slovenia [P1-0192] FX M.C., L.C., and A.M. acknowledge support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of Slovenia (Grant No. P1-0192). The authors thank Dr. Sergey Basun for stimulating discussions. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 2 AR 021705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.021705 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 896MU UT WOS:000300572000012 PM 22463229 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zesta, E Lyons, LR Yang, J Boudouridis, A Ge, YS Ruohoniemi, JM Mende, S AF Shi, Yong Zesta, Eftyhia Lyons, Larry R. Yang, J. Boudouridis, A. Ge, Y. S. Ruohoniemi, J. M. Mende, S. TI Two-dimensional ionospheric flow pattern associated with auroral streamers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; POLEWARD BOUNDARY INTENSIFICATIONS; HIGH-SPEED FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; INNER MAGNETOTAIL; IMAGE FUV; SIGNATURES; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; INJECTIONS AB We present direct two-dimensional flow observations and auroral images from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar and Wideband Imaging Camera onboard Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE/WIC) imager to investigate the ionospheric flow pattern associated with auroral streamers for four events. Using the SuperDARN observations allows us to observe the flow associated with the streamers in the context of the larger-scale background convection. For all four cases studied, streamers developed from preexisting east-west (EW) arcs that initiated from bead-like or small-scale auroral intensifications around the auroral poleward boundary. We find a vortex-like flow pattern with clockwise sense surrounding both the initial auroral forms and the ensuing streamers. We also found in three cases signatures of flow bifurcations at the equatorward end of the streamers, which suggests a double vortex-like flow pattern with the counterclockwise vortex east of the clockwise one. Our results are consistent with the double-vortex flow structure that results from interchange convection associated with a plasma sheet bubble predicted by different numerical simulations. This supports several previous studies and offers more complete observational evidence that the observed flow pattern may be the ionospheric manifestation of interchange instability in the plasma sheet. C1 [Shi, Yong; Lyons, Larry R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zesta, Eftyhia] USAF, Res Lab RVBXP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Boudouridis, A.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ge, Y. S.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mende, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruohoniemi, J. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yang, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yongshi@atmos.ucla.edu RI Yang, Jian/F-1903-2017 OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-4788-8823 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0639312, ATM-0646233, AGS-0849031]; NASA [NNX09AI06G, NNX10AL30G, NNG05GE24G, NNH09AL23I, NNX08AI55G, NNX10AQ43G, NNX08AM46G, NNX11AE43G] FX This work was supported in part at UCLA by National Science Foundation grants ATM-0639312 and ATM-0646233 and NASA grants NNX09AI06G, NNX10AL30G, and NNG05GE24G. At AFRL the work was supported in part by NASA grant NNH09AL23I. The work at Rice was supported by NASA Heliophysics Theory grant NNX08AI55G and NASA Guest Investigator grant NNX10AQ43G. A.B. acknowledges the support of NASA grants NNX08AM46G and NNX11AE43G. The authors are grateful to the PIs of the SuperDARN radars and for the support of their national funding agencies. J.M.R. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation grant AGS-0849031. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A02208 DI 10.1029/2011JA017110 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 899OP UT WOS:000300825900002 ER PT J AU Hu, MQ Weir, JD Wu, T AF Hu, Mengqi Weir, Jeffery D. Wu, Teresa TI Decentralized operation strategies for an integrated building energy system using a memetic algorithm SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OR in energy; Net-zero; Smart grid; Pareto optimality; Memetic algorithm ID THERMAL STORAGE INVENTORY; REINFORCEMENT LEARNING CONTROL; GENETIC ALGORITHM; COMBINED HEAT; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRICITY; MANAGEMENT AB The emerging technology in net-zero building and smart grids drives research moving from centralized operation decisions on a single building to decentralized decisions on a group of buildings, termed a building cluster which shares energy resources locally and globally. However, current research has focused on developing an accurate simulation of single building energy usage which limits its application to building clusters as scenarios such as energy sharing and competition cannot be modeled and studied. We hypothesize that the study of energy usage for a group of buildings instead of one single building will result in a cost effective building system which in turn will be resilient to power disruption. To this end, this paper develops a decision model based on a building cluster simulator with each building modeled by energy consumption, storage and generation sub modules. Assuming each building is interested in minimizing its energy cost, a bi-level operation decision framework based on a memetic algorithm is proposed to study the tradeoff in energy usage among the group of buildings. Two additional metrics, measuring the comfort level and the degree of dependencies on the power grid are introduced for the analysis. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions for the building cluster in a decentralized manner. The Pareto solutions not only enable multiple dimensional tradeoff analysis, but also provide valuable insight for determining pricing mechanisms and power grid capacity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Mengqi; Wu, Teresa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weir, Jeffery D.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Teresa.Wu@asu.edu RI Hu, Mengqi/A-2900-2013 OI Hu, Mengqi/0000-0002-8653-1245 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 16 PY 2012 VL 217 IS 1 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2011.09.008 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 858DU UT WOS:000297776900018 ER PT J AU Bouvier, S Benmhenni, N Tirry, W Gregory, F Nixon, ME Cazacu, O Rabet, L AF Bouvier, S. Benmhenni, N. Tirry, W. Gregory, F. Nixon, M. E. Cazacu, O. Rabet, L. TI Hardening in relation with microstructure evolution of high purity a-titanium deformed under monotonic and cyclic simple shear loadings at room temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE High purity titanium; Simple shear; Grain fragmentation; Twinning; Hardening; EBSD ID DUAL-PHASE STEEL; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ROLLED SHEETS; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; BEHAVIOR; TESTS AB The aim of this paper is to gain understanding of the quasi-static, large strain deformation behavior at room-temperature of high-purity alpha-Ti with an initial split-basal texture. Simple shear tests were conducted along different directions in order to quantify the material's anisotropy and hardening evolution for different strain paths such as monotonic, Bauschinger, and cyclic loadings. The stress-strain curves indicate that the material displays strong anisotropy in the flow behavior. In order to capture the link between microstructure evolution (occurrence of twinning, grain size evolution, etc.) and the macroscopic response, a thoroughly detailed multi-scale characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis was also conducted. Specifically, EBSD analyses indicate that the twin activity and grain fragmentation are responsible for the observed difference between the macroscopic hardening rates corresponding to different directions and loading paths. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouvier, S.; Benmhenni, N.; Gregory, F.] Univ Paris 13, LSPM CNRS, UPR3407, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. [Tirry, W.; Rabet, L.] Royal Mil Acad, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Tirry, W.] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Nixon, M. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin, FL 32579 USA. [Cazacu, O.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. RP Bouvier, S (reprint author), Univ Technol Compiegne, Lab Roberval, CNRS, UMR 6253, Rue Personne Roberval, F-60205 Compiegne, France. EM salima.bouvier@utc.fr RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 FU U.S. Air Force through European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-07-M-4013]; Belgian Science Policy [P6/24] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge R. Chiron, LPMTM, University Paris 13, France for his help in using SEM observation. S. Bouvier gratefully acknowledges the support for this work provided by U.S. Air Force through European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Grant FA8655-07-M-4013. This work was also funded by the Inter University Attraction Poles Program (Belgian Science Policy) under contract number P6/24. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 535 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.12.033 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 907FE UT WOS:000301402400003 ER PT J AU Shade, PA Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Viswanathan, GB Wheeler, R Fraser, HL AF Shade, P. A. Uchic, M. D. Dimiduk, D. M. Viswanathan, G. B. Wheeler, R. Fraser, H. L. TI Size-affected single-slip behavior of Rene N5 microcrystals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Size effect; Microcompression; Nickel-based superalloys ID DISCRETE DISLOCATION SIMULATIONS; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; MICRON-SCALE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTICITY; CRYSTALS; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; PILLARS AB Microcompression testing was conducted on the cast single crystal nickel-base superalloy Rene N5. Microcrystals were selectively fabricated from either dendrite core or interdendritic regions. The compression axis was oriented for single-slip deformation and microcrystal diameters ranged from 2.5 to 80 mu m. All microcrystals displayed several hallmarks of size-affected plastic flow, including a size-affected and stochastic flow-stress and initial strain hardening rate, as well as an intermittent flow response. The magnitude of size-affected flow-stress scaling behavior was dependent upon the plastic strain level of the flow-stress measurement, with increasing size-dependence for increasing strain levels. TEM analysis demonstrated the activation of multiple slip-systems, despite the microcrystals being oriented for single-slip deformation. Zig-zag slip was also observed in microcrystals that achieved flow stresses of 1300 MPa or higher. For microcrystals fabricated within interdendritic regions the flow-stress values are, on average, lower compared to dendrite core microcrystals. This difference in flow-stress is especially pronounced for microcrystals which are 5 mu m in diameter. The microcrystal diameter for which bulk-like properties are estimated to be observed is approximately 350 mu m, which is approaching the measured primary dendrite arm spacing for this crystal (430 mu m). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shade, P. A.; Uchic, M. D.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shade, P. A.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Wheeler, R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.shade@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge A.L. Smith for assisting with specimen fabrication and mechanical testing and F. Meisenkothen for assisting with EPMA measurements. We also acknowledge useful discussions with S.I. Rao and T.F. Broderick. The Rene N5 crystal studied in this work was provided by J. Rigney of GE Aviation. The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 535 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.12.041 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 907FE UT WOS:000301402400008 ER PT J AU Mancuso, JD Mazurek, GH Tribble, D Olsen, C Aronson, NE Geiter, L Goodwin, D Keep, LW AF Mancuso, James D. Mazurek, Gerald H. Tribble, David Olsen, Cara Aronson, Naomi E. Geiter, Lawrence Goodwin, Donald Keep, Lisa W. TI Discordance among Commercially Available Diagnostics for Latent Tuberculosis Infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis screening; interferon-gamma release assays; nontuberculous mycobacteria ID GAMMA RELEASE ASSAYS; RISK ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; SKIN-TEST ANTIGENS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; TESTS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; TB AB Rationale: There is uncertainty regarding how to interpret discordance between tests for latent tuberculosis infection. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess discordance between commercially available tests for latent tuberculosis in a low-prevalence population, including the impact of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparison study among 2,017 military recruits at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, from April to June 2009. Several tests were performed simultaneously with a risk factor questionnaire, including (1) QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test, (2) T-SPOT. TB test, (3) tuberculin skin test, and (4) Battey skin test using purified protein derivative from the Battey bacillus. Measurements and Main Results: In this low-prevalence population, the specificities of the three commercially available diagnostic tests were not significantly different. Of the 88 subjects with a positive test, only 10 (11.4%) were positive to all three tests; 20 (22.7%) were positive to at least two tests. Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination, tuberculosis prevalence in country of birth, and Battey skin test reaction size were associated with tuberculin skin test-positive, IFN-gamma release assay-negative test discordance. Increasing agreement between the three tests was associated with epidemiologic criteria indicating risk of infection and with quantitative test results. Conclusions: For most positive results the three tests identified different people, suggesting that in low-prevalence populations most discordant results are caused by false-positives. False-positive tuberculin skin test reactions associated with reactivity to nontuberculous mycobacteria and bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination may account for a proportion of test discordance observed. C1 [Mancuso, James D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Residency Program, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mazurek, Gerald H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mancuso, James D.; Tribble, David; Olsen, Cara; Keep, Lisa W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Aronson, Naomi E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Geiter, Lawrence] Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, TB Prod Unit, Rockville, MD USA. [Goodwin, Donald] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mancuso, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Residency Program, Div Prevent Med, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.mancuso@us.army.mil FU Department of Defense through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Supported by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NIH, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Defense, or the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (Bethesda, MD) participated in all phases of the study, including design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Oxford Immunotec (Marlborough, MA) performed T-Spot testing (masked) as an in-kind contribution, but played no other role in the design, conduct, collection, management, analysis, interpretation of the data, preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Laboratory and technical support was also provided by the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of TB Elimination. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 185 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1164/rccm.201107-1244OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 897EY UT WOS:000300629900015 PM 22161162 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Chen, Weibin Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Geometrical phase and surface plasmon focusing with azimuthal polarization SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM; LENS; ANALYZER AB Owing to a geometric phase effect, an isosceles triangular aperture etched into thin metal film leads to constructive or destructive interference of surface plasmons excited at the two equal sides under linearly polarized illumination. Through appropriate spatial arrangement of an array of triangles, a highly confined focal spot beyond the diffraction limit can be achieved at the geometric center under azimuthally polarized excitation with field enhancement comparable to a bull's eye plasmonic lens under radially polarized illumination. Through simply rotating the orientation of each triangle aperture by 90 degrees, the plasmonic structure defocuses the same azimuthal polarization illumination due to destructive interference caused by a geometric pi-phase difference between the two sides of the triangle and between the adjacent triangles. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, WB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM wchen2@udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories FX The authors thankfully acknowledge support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories through the Metamaterials Program. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 581 EP 583 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 898AF UT WOS:000300706500046 PM 22344113 ER PT J AU Schaeublin, NM Braydich-Stolle, LK Maurer, EI Park, K MacCuspie, RI Afrooz, ARMN Vaia, RA Saleh, NB Hussain, SM AF Schaeublin, Nicole M. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Maurer, Elizabeth I. Park, Kyoungweon MacCuspie, Robert I. Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul Vaia, Richard A. Saleh, Navid B. Hussain, Saber M. TI Does Shape Matter? Bioeffects of Gold Nanomaterials in a Human Skin Cell Model SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; PEG CHAIN-LENGTH; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLE AGGREGATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BRAIN MICROGLIA; PROTEIN CORONA; DNA-DAMAGE; NANORODS; SIZE AB Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) have distinctive electronic and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for biological, medical, and defense applications. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the potential biological impact of AuNMs before employing them in any application. This study investigates two AuNMs with different aspect ratios (AR) on mediation of biological responses in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) to model potential skin exposure to these AuNMs. The cellular responses were evaluated by cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, alteration in gene and protein expression, and inflammatory response. Gold nanospheres, nominally 20 nm in diameter and coated with mercaptopropane sulfonate (AuNS-MPS), formed agglomerates when dispersed in cell culture media, had a large fractal dimension (D-f = 2.57 +/- 0.4) (i.e., tightly bound and densely packed) and were found to be nontoxic even at the highest dose of 100 mu g/mL. Highly uniform, 16.7 nm diameter, and 43.8 nm long polyethylene glycol-capped gold nanorods (AuNR-PEG) also formed agglomerates when dispersed into the cell culture media. However, the agglomerates had a smaller fractal dimension (D-f = 1.28 +/- 0.08) (i.e., loosely bound) and were found to be cytotoxic to the HaCaT cells, with a significant decrease in cell viability occurring at 25 mu g/mL and higher. Moreover, AuNR-PEG caused significant ROS production and up-regulated several genes involved in cellular stress and toxicity. These results, combined with increased levels of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins, demonstrated that the AuNR-PEG induced apoptosis. Exposure to AuNS-MPS, however, did not show any of the detrimental effects observed from the AuNR-PEG. Therefore, we conclude that shape appears to play a key role in mediating the cellular response to AuNMs. C1 [Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul; Saleh, Navid B.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil OI Afrooz, ARM/0000-0002-9141-9426; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU AFSG; Henry M. Jackson Foundation FX The authors thank Ms. Constance Estep for help with the viability assay, Dr. Amanda Schrand for TEM imaging and EDAX, and Dr. Kristen Comfort for her assistance with critical and constructive criticism. This work was supported through AFSG funding. Ms. Schaeublin, Dr. Braydich-Stolle, and Ms. Maurer are funded through the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. NR 75 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 3248 EP 3258 DI 10.1021/la204081m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 890IO UT WOS:000300138500025 PM 22242624 ER PT J AU Wang, W Wu, SM Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K Lu, YL Chen, SC AF Wang, Wei Wu, Shaomin Knize, Randy J. Reinhardt, Kitt Lu, Yalin Chen, Shaochen TI Enhanced photon absorption and carrier generation in nanowire solar cells SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; WAVE-GUIDE; ABSORBERS; DESIGN AB Overall performance of a thin film solar cell is determined by the efficiency of converting photons to electrons through light absorption, carrier generation, and carrier collection. Recently, photon management has emerged as a powerful tool to further boost this conversion efficiency. Here we propose a novel nanograting solar cell design that achieves enhanced broadband light absorption and carrier generation in conjunction with the reduced use of active and non-earth-abundant materials. A test using this design for the short circuit current density in CuInxGa(1-x)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells shows up to 250% enhancement when compared to the bare thin film cells. In addition, placing metal strips on top of the nanograting to act as the top electrode reduces the use of non-earth-abundant materials that is normally used as the transparent conducting materials. This novel solar cell design has the potential to become a new solar cell platform technology for various thin film solar cell systems. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Wei; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, HeFei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wei] Guotai Junan Secur Co Ltd, Shanghai 200120, Peoples R China. [Wu, Shaomin] Spansion Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Chen, Shaochen] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, HeFei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn; chen168@ucsd.edu FU US National Science Foundation [CMMI 1109591]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Financial support from the US National Science Foundation (CMMI 1109591), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful for the computer support from Intel's Higher Education Program. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 13 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 3733 EP 3743 DI 10.1364/OE.20.003733 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902MH UT WOS:000301041900037 PM 22418131 ER PT J AU Soref, R Hendrickson, J Cleary, JW AF Soref, Richard Hendrickson, Joshua Cleary, Justin W. TI Mid- to long-wavelength infrared plasmonic-photonics using heavily doped n-Ge/Ge and n-GeSn/GeSn heterostructures SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SILICIDES AB Heavily doped n-type Ge and GeSn are investigated as plasmonic conductors for integration with undoped dielectrics of Si, SiGe, Ge, and GeSn in order to create a foundry-based group IV plasmonics technology. N-type Ge1-xSnx with compositions of 0 <= x <= 0.115 are investigated utilizing effective-mass theory and Drude considerations. The plasma wavelengths, relaxation times, and complex permittivities are determined as functions of the free carrier concentration over the range of 10(19) to 10(21) cm(-3). Basic plasmonic properties such as propagation loss and mode height are calculated and example numerical simulations are shown of a dielectric-conductor-dielectric ribbon waveguide structure are shown. Practical operation in the 2 to 20 mu m wavelength range is predicted. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua; Cleary, Justin W.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0417]; LRIR [09RY01COR, 12RY10COR] FX This work is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager, under Grant Number FA9550-10-1-0417 and LRIR award numbers 09RY01COR and 12RY10COR. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 34 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 13 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 3814 EP 3824 DI 10.1364/OE.20.003814 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902MH UT WOS:000301041900044 PM 22418138 ER PT J AU Joshi, A Haynes, ND Zelmon, DE Stafsudd, O Shori, R AF Joshi, A. Haynes, N. D. Zelmon, D. E. Stafsudd, O. Shori, R. TI Impurity concentration and temperature dependence of the refractive indices of Er3+ doped ceramic Y2O3 SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT YTTRIA; LASER AB The refractive indices and thermo-optic coefficients for varying concentrations of Er3+ doped polycrystalline yttria were measured at a variety of wavelengths and temperatures. A Lorenz oscillator model was employed to model the room temperature indices and thermo-optic coefficients were calculated based on temperature dependent index measurements from 0.45 to 1.064 microns. Some consequences relating to thermal lensing are discussed. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Joshi, A.; Stafsudd, O.; Shori, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Haynes, N. D.; Zelmon, D. E.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shori, R.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Joshi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 13 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 4428 EP 4435 DI 10.1364/OE.20.004428 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902MH UT WOS:000301041900108 PM 22418202 ER PT J AU Kousalya, AS Hunter, CN Putnam, SA Miller, T Fisher, TS AF Kousalya, Arun S. Hunter, Chad N. Putnam, Shawn A. Miller, Timothy Fisher, Timothy S. TI Photonically enhanced flow boiling in a channel coated with carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; IGNITION; ARRAYS AB High heat dissipation rates are enabled by multi-phase cooling schemes owing to latent heat uptake. We demonstrate enhanced flow boiling from a carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated copper surface exposed to low-intensity ultraviolet (UV)-visible excitation. Compared to non-illuminated results, the average boiling incipience temperature decreased by 4.6 degrees C and heat transfer coefficients improved by 41.5% with light exposure. These improved results are attributed to augmented hydrophilicity upon exposure to UV light and possible nanoscale opto-thermal effects, and suggest opportunities for active temperature control of temperature-sensitive devices. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3681594] C1 [Kousalya, Arun S.; Miller, Timothy; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kousalya, Arun S.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hunter, Chad N.; Putnam, Shawn A.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Kousalya, AS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Thermal Sciences FX Funding from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Thermal Sciences (Program Manager: Dr. Kumar Jata) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 7 AR 071601 DI 10.1063/1.3681594 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 894OR UT WOS:000300436800012 ER PT J AU Poulson, RS Gadbury, GL Allison, DB AF Poulson, Robert S. Gadbury, Gary L. Allison, David B. TI Treatment Heterogeneity and Individual Qualitative Interaction SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE Causation; Cross-over interaction; Individual effects; Potential outcomes; Probability of similar response; Subject-treatment interaction ID BY-FORMULATION INTERACTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; PATIENT SUBSETS; BIAS; BIOEQUIVALENCE; STATISTICS; INFERENCE; MEDICINE; OVERLAP AB Plausibility of high variability in treatment effects across individuals has been recognized as an important consideration in clinical studies. Surprisingly, little attention has been given to evaluating this variability in design of clinical trials or analyses of resulting data. High variation in a treatment's efficacy or safety across individuals (referred to herein as treatment heterogeneity) may have important consequences because the optimal treatment choice for an individual may be different from that suggested by a study of average effects. We call this an individual qualitative interaction (IQI), borrowing terminology from earlier work-referring to a qualitative interaction (QI) being present when the optimal treatment varies across "groups" of individuals. At least three techniques have been proposed to investigate treatment heterogeneity: techniques to detect a QI, use of measures such as the density overlap of two outcome variables under different treatments, and use of cross-over designs to observe "individual effects." We elucidate underlying connections among them, their limitations, and some assumptions that may be required. We do so under a potential outcomes framework that can add insights to results from usual data analyses and to study design features that improve the capability to more directly assess treatment heterogeneity. C1 [Poulson, Robert S.] Edwards AFB, Stat Methods Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gadbury, Gary L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Poulson, RS (reprint author), Edwards AFB, Stat Methods Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM robert.poulson@edwards.af.mil; gadbury@ksu.edu; dallison@uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU Air Force Flight Test Center [AFFTC-PA-11318]; NIH [R01DK078826] FX Robert S. Poulson is a Mathematical Statistician in the Statistical Methods Group at Edwards AFB, Edwards, CA 93524 (E-mail: robert.poulson@edwards.af.mil). Dr. Poulson acknowledges support from the Air Force Flight Test Center (approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. AFFTC-PA-11318). Gary L. Gadbury is an Associate Professor in the Department of Statistics at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 (E-mail: gadbury@ksu.edu). David B. Allison is a Professor and Head of the Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 (E-mail: dallison@uab.edu). Dr. Allison acknowledges research support from NIH R01DK078826. The authors are grateful to Kraft Foods for supplying the data for this article. The authors acknowledge helpful comments from the editors and two referees. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1080/00031305.2012.671724 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 963BC UT WOS:000305594100003 PM 23204562 ER PT J AU Maturo, S Hill, C Bunting, G Ballif, C Maurer, R Hartnick, C AF Maturo, Steve Hill, Courtney Bunting, Glenn Ballif, Cathy Maurer, Rie Hartnick, Christopher TI Pediatric Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Rates: Establishing a Normative Database SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE diadochokinetic; DDK; pediatric voice; pediatric speech ID ORAL DIADOCHOKINESIS; SPEECH; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ACCURACY AB Objective. Laryngeal diadochokinetic (L-DDK) rate is a measure of laryngeal neural integrity. The objectives for this study included the following: (1) establish the first comprehensive pediatric normative database for L-DDK rates (DDK) using the Voice Evaluation Suite, a computerized voice analysis program; and (2) analyze normal L-DDK rates for age and gender differences. Study Design. Cross-sectional study with planned data collection. Setting. Outpatient pediatric otolaryngology clinic. Subjects and Methods. Three hundred seven children aged 4 to 18 with normal voices. L-DDK rates were collected during a 6-month period. Main outcome measures included age, gender, and L-DDK rates. Results. Three hundred seven children (151 girls and 156 boys) were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between the overall mean L-DDK rate of boys (2.69 syllables/s) compared to girls (2.55 syllables/s; P > .05). Further analysis of all individual age groups did not reveal any statistical significance between boys and girls. There was a statistically significant difference among children aged 4 to 11 compared to those 12 to 18 years old. Among boys aged 4 to 11, the mean rate was 2.49 syllables per second, whereas among 12- to 18-year-olds, the rate was 2.95 syllables per second (P < .01). The mean rate was 2.40 syllables per second among girls aged 4 to 11 and 2.74 syllables per second for those aged 12 to 18 (P < .01). Conclusion. This is the largest normative pediatric L-DDK analysis in the English literature. The findings suggest that neurolaryngeal development approaches adult maturation at the beginning of the teenage years. These data have the potential application for objective measurement of neurolaryngeal coordination in children with neurologic impairment and also in children who have undergone nerve reinnervation procedures. C1 [Maturo, Steve] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hill, Courtney; Hartnick, Christopher] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bunting, Glenn; Ballif, Cathy] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Voice & Speech Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Maurer, Rie] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Clin Invest, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Maurer, Rie] Harvard Clin & Translat Sci Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Maturo, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Stephen.maturo@sbcglobal.net NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 146 IS 2 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1177/0194599811426259 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 935SR UT WOS:000303541300023 PM 22027868 ER PT J AU Johnson, PN Boyles, KA Miller, JL AF Johnson, Peter N. Boyles, Krystal A. Miller, Jamie L. TI Selection of the Initial Methadone Regimen for the Management of Iatrogenic Opioid Abstinence Syndrome in Critically Ill Children SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review DE opioid withdrawal; iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome; methadone; opioid; children ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS; CANCER PAIN; DOSE RATIO; DEPENDENCY; TOLERANCE; SEDATION; MORPHINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PREVENTION AB Iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome (IOAS) is a common complication in critically ill infants and children receiving prolonged exposure to continuous infusions of opioids. Although no guidelines are available regarding management of IOAS in children, several treatment options are available, including clonidine, morphine, and methadone. Methadone is commonly prescribed due to its long half-life and antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Different approaches, such as weight-based and formula-based methods, have been used to determine the initial methadone dosing regimen. Because of the vast differences in the recommended dosing regimen from these sources, we conducted a literature search to identify articles evaluating the initial methadone dosing regimen for prevention and/or treatment of IOAS in children. Specifically, we evaluated the reported frequency of withdrawal and oversedation after initiation of methadone treatment. Our literature search was limited to English-language articles in the MEDLINE (1950-March 2011), EMBASE (1988-March 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-March 2011), and Cochrane Library (1996-March 2011) databases. Relevant abstracts and reference citations were also reviewed. A total of eight reports representing 183 patients were included in the analysis. There was wide discrepancy in the initial methadone dosing regimen. Approximately one-third of all patients experienced withdrawal after starting methadone, and there did not appear to be a difference between weight-based and formula-based regimens. Seven patients experienced oversedation; however, not all articles reported this complication. It appears that a standard approach to initial methadone dosing does not exist because withdrawal occurred despite the regimen started. Therefore, it seems best to begin with the lowest dose possible and titrate to the child's response to avoid complications such as oversedation. Routine monitoring should be performed in all patients to guide clinicians in the management of IOAS. C1 [Johnson, Peter N.; Miller, Jamie L.] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Clin & Adm Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. [Boyles, Krystal A.] USAF, BSC, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Johnson, PN (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Clin & Adm Sci, 1110 N Stonewall Ave,CPB 206, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. EM peter-johnson@ouhsc.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1002/PHAR.1001 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 933EJ UT WOS:000303342200012 PM 22392424 ER PT J AU Costantine, J Tawk, Y Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC De Flaviis, F Besoli, AG Barbin, SE AF Costantine, Joseph Tawk, Youssef Christodoulou, Christos G. Lyke, James C. De Flaviis, Franco Besoli, Alfred Grau Barbin, Silvio E. TI Analyzing the Complexity and Reliability of Switch-Frequency-Reconfigurable Antennas Using Graph Models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Complexity; graph theory; reconfigurable antennas; reliability; switches ID RF MEMS SWITCHES AB This paper addresses the functional reliability and the complexity of reconfigurable antennas using graph models. The correlation between complexity and reliability for any given reconfigurable antenna is defined. Two methods are proposed to reduce failures and improve the reliability of reconfigurable antennas. The failures are caused by the reconfiguration technique or by the surrounding environment. These failure reduction methods proposed are tested and examples are given which verify these methods. C1 [Costantine, Joseph] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Tawk, Youssef; Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyke, James C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [De Flaviis, Franco] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Besoli, Alfred Grau] Broadcom Corp, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Barbin, Silvio E.] Univ Sao Paulo, Telecommun & Control Engn Dept, Polytech Sch, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Costantine, J (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173104 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924VV UT WOS:000302720300011 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ Bogle, AE Rothwell, EJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. Bogle, Andrew E. Rothwell, Edward J. TI Nondestructive Material Characterization of a Free-Space-Backed Magnetic Material Using a Dual-Waveguide Probe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Green's function; integral equations; microwave measurements; moment methods; open-ended; parallel-plate waveguides; permeability measurement; permittivity measurement; waveguides ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; PHYSICAL OPTICS; CRACK DETECTION; PERMEABILITY; FORMULATION; RADIATION; TISSUES AB A free-space-backed dual-waveguide probe measurement technique is introduced to determine nondestructively the complex permittivity and permeability of an unknown material. The purpose of this new measurement technique is to complement the existing PEC-backed dual-waveguide probe material-characterization method. Provided in this paper is the theoretical development of the new technique and its experimental validation. It is shown, by applying Love's equivalence theorem, that a system of coupled magnetic field integral equations can be formulated and subsequently solved for the dominant mode reflection and transmission coefficients using the method of moments. Also included in the theoretical development of the new technique is a derivation of the dyadic Green's function for a magnetic-current-excited two-medium grounded-slab environment. Last, experimental complex permittivity and permeability parameters extracted for two magnetic-shielding materials are presented and analyzed to validate the new technique. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Bogle, Andrew E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rothwell, Edward J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 1009 EP 1019 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173136 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924VV UT WOS:000302720300032 ER PT J AU Tawk, Y Costantine, J Hemmady, S Balakrishnan, G Avery, K Christodoulou, CG AF Tawk, Youssef Costantine, Joseph Hemmady, Sameer Balakrishnan, Ganesh Avery, Keith Christodoulou, Christos G. TI Demonstration of a Cognitive Radio Front End Using an Optically Pumped Reconfigurable Antenna System (OPRAS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radio; laser diodes; photoconductivity; reconfigurable antenna; silicon; ultrawideband (UWB) ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE SWITCH; DESIGN; FREQUENCY AB A cognitive radio front end using an optically pumped reconfigurable antenna system (OPRAS) is investigated. The scheme consists of a ultrawidebhand antenna and a reconfigurable narrowband antenna in close proximity to one another. The narrowband reconfigurability is achieved by a integrating laser diodes within the antenna structure to control the switching state of photoconductive silicon switches. This scheme has the advantage of eliminating the use of optical fiber cables to guide light to the switches, and enables easier integration of the reconfigurable antenna in a complete communication system. The performance of the proposed technique is presented, and comparisons are made to other commonly used switching techniques for reconfigurable antennas, such as techniques based on PIN diodes and RF microlectromechanical systems integration. The application of this antenna design scheme serving as the receive channel in a cognitive radio communication link is also demonstrated. C1 [Tawk, Youssef; Hemmady, Sameer; Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Costantine, Joseph] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Balakrishnan, Ganesh] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Avery, Keith] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Tawk, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM yatawk@ece.unm.edu; jcostan-tine@fullerton.edu; shemmady@unm.edu; gunny@unm.edu; keith.avery@kirtland.af.mil; christos@ece.unm.edu FU Air Force Research Lab [FA9453-09-C-0309] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Lab under Contract FA9453-09-C-0309. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173139 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924VV UT WOS:000302720300040 ER PT J AU Schrock, CR Wood, AW AF Schrock, Christopher R. Wood, Aihua W. TI Convergence of A Distributional Monte Carlo Method for the Boltzmann Equation SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Direct simulation monte carlo; rarefied gas dynamics; Boltzmann equation; convergence proof ID DISCRETE-VELOCITY MODELS; SIMULATION SCHEME; PROOF; GAS AB Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods for the Boltzmann equation employ a point measure approximation to the distribution function, as simulated particles may possess only a single velocity. This representation limits the method to converge only weakly to the solution of the Boltzmann equation. Utilizing kernel density estimation we have developed a stochastic Boltzmann solver which possesses strong convergence for bounded and L-infinity solutions of the Boltzmann equation. This is facilitated by distributing the velocity of each simulated particle instead of using the point measure approximation inherent to DSMC. We propose that the development of a distributional method which incorporates distributed velocities in collision selection and modeling should improve convergence and potentially result in a substantial reduction of the variance in comparison to DSMC methods. Toward this end, we also report initial findings of modeling collisions distributionally using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision operator. C1 [Schrock, Christopher R.; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.schrock@wpafb.af.mil; aihua.wood@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [PEDRS001] FX This research is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Project Number PEDRS001. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2070-0733 J9 ADV APPL MATH MECH JI Adv. Appl. Math. Mech. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.4208/aamm.10-m11113 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 928DC UT WOS:000302959600007 ER PT J AU Chen, JZ Shiyanov, P Schlager, JJ Green, KB AF Chen, Jianzhong Shiyanov, Pavel Schlager, John J. Green, Kari B. TI A Pseudo MS3 Approach for Identification of Disulfide-Bonded Proteins: Uncommon Product Ions and Database Search SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE MS/MS; MS3; Intact protein; Top-down; Disulfide bond cleavage; Lysozyme; Collision-induced dissociation; Nozzle-skimmer dissociation; Database search; ProteinProspector; Mobile proton; Uncommon product ions; Quadrupole time-of-flight; Electrospray ionization; c ion; d ion; b+H2O ion; Neutral loss; Oxazolone structure; Sequence scrambling; Sodiated ion; HN=C=NH; Salt bridge; six-membered ring; Bond rearrangement; Arginine residue; Lysine residue; Aspartic acid residue; Cysteine residue ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER DISSOCIATION; GAS-PHASE CLEAVAGE; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; TOP-DOWN; FRAGMENTATION PATHWAYS; AMINO-ACID; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; CAPTURE DISSOCIATION AB It has previously been reported that disulfide and backbone bonds of native intact proteins can be concurrently cleaved using electrospray ionization (ESI) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). However, the cleavages of disulfide bonds result in different cysteine modifications in product ions, making it difficult to identify the disulfide-bonded proteins via database search. To solve this identification problem, we have developed a pseudo MS3 approach by combining nozzle-skimmer dissociation (NSD) and CID on a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer using chicken lysozyme as a model. Although many of the product ions were similar to those typically seen in MS/MS spectra of enzymatically derived peptides, additional uncommon product ions were detected including c(i-1) ions (the i(th) residue being aspartic acid, arginine, lysine and dehydroalanine) as well as those from a scrambled sequence. The formation of these uncommon types of product ions, likely caused by the lack of mobile protons, were proposed to involve bond rearrangements via a six-membered ring transition state and/or salt bridge(s). A search of 20 pseudo MS3 spectra against the Gallus gallus (chicken) database using Batch-Tag, a program originally designed for bottom up MS/MS analysis, identified chicken lysozyme as the only hit with the expectation values less than 0.02 for 12 of the spectra. The pseudo MS3 approach may help to identify disulfide-bonded proteins and determine the associated post-translational modifications (PTMs); the confidence in the identification may be improved by incorporating the fragmentation characteristics into currently available search programs. C1 [Chen, Jianzhong; Shiyanov, Pavel; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Jianzhong; Green, Kari B.] Ohio State Univ, Mass Spectrometry & Prote Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chen, JZ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jianzhongc@yahoo.com RI Chen, Jianzhong/I-4450-2012 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0294-6 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 921HD UT WOS:000302467800004 PM 22170466 ER PT J AU Null, DM Yoder, BA DiGeronimo, RJ AF Null, Donald M. Yoder, Bradley A. DiGeronimo, Robert J. TI Early Neonatal Research at Wilford Hall US Air Force Medical Center SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HYALINE-MEMBRANE DISEASE; FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA; POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION; PREMATURE BABOON; OXYGENATION ECMO; FAILURE; INFANTS; TRANSPORT C1 [Null, Donald M.; Yoder, Bradley A.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [DiGeronimo, Robert J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP DiGeronimo, RJ (reprint author), 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84158 USA. EM robert.digeronimo@hsc.utah.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2012 VL 129 SU 1 BP S20 EP S26 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-3797e PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 923ER UT WOS:000302602700004 PM 22300825 ER PT J AU Dickinson, BT Singler, JR Batten, BA AF Dickinson, B. T. Singler, J. R. Batten, B. A. TI Mathematical modeling and simulation of biologically inspired hair receptor arrays in laminar unsteady flow separation SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Micro air vehicles; Bats; Hair cell; Micropillars; Microcantilevers; Cilia ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; FILIFORM HAIRS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSORS; INSECTS; NUMBER; FORCES; MOTION; FLIGHT; FLUID AB Bats possess arrays of distributed flow-sensitive hair-like mechanoreceptors on their dorsal and ventral wing surfaces. Bat wing hair receptors are known to play a significant role in flight maneuverability and are directionally most sensitive to reversed flow over the wing. In this work, we consider the mechanics of flexible hair-like structures for the time accurate detection and visualization of hydrodynamic images associated with unsteady near surface flow phenomena. A nonlinear viscoelastic model of a hair-like structure coupled to an unsteady nonuniform flow is proposed. Writing the hair model in nondimensional form, we identify five dimensionless groups that govern hair behavior. An order of magnitude analysis of the physical forces involved in the fluidstructure hair response is performed. Through the choice of hair material properties, we show how a local measure of near surface flow velocity may be obtained from hair tip displacement and resultant moment. When hair structures are placed into an array, time and space accurate hydrodynamic images may be obtained. We illustrate the imaging of reversed flow that occurs during a laminar unsteady flow separation with an array of hair-like structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dickinson, B. T.] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Singler, J. R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Batten, B. A.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dickinson, BT (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Ste 213, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM btdickinson@lifetime.oregonstate.edu; singlerj@mst.edu; bbatten@engr.orst.edu RI Singler, John/R-1489-2016 OI Singler, John/0000-0002-5415-8386 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0041, FA9550-07-1-0540] FX We would like to thank Susanne Sterbing-D'Angelo for editing comments and information on bat hair receptors. We also would like to thank Sharon Swartz for many interesting conversations regarding bat hair receptors. Finally we would like to thank Cody Ray, Ehsan Shams, Dave Willis and Arun Wikiramasuriya for their editing comments. This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through grants FA9550-05-1-0041 and FA9550-07-1-0540. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2011.12.010 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 915OW UT WOS:000302038300001 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Delapasse, J Chamberlain, AL Lane, JE Cook, TS AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Delapasse, J. Chamberlain, A. L. Lane, J. E. Cook, T. S. TI Fatigue behavior of a Hi-Nicalon (TM)/SiC-B4C composite at 1200 degrees C in air and in steam SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Fatigue; High-temperature properties; Mechanical properties; Fractography ID SIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMIC-MATRIX; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; STRESS-RUPTURE; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; DESIGN; FIBERS AB Effects of steam environment on fatigue behavior of a non-oxide ceramic composite with a multilayered matrix were investigated at 1200 degrees C. The composite was produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite had an oxidation inhibited matrix, which consisted of alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and was reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon (TM) fibers. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbon overlay applied. Tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile properties were evaluated at 1200 degrees C. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted at 0.1 Hz and at 1.0 Hz for fatigue stresses ranging from 100 to 140 MPa in air and in steam. Fatigue run-out was defined as 10(5) cycles at 0.1 Hz and as 2 x 10(5) cycles at 1.0 Hz. Presence of steam had little influence on fatigue performance at 1.0 Hz, but noticeably degraded the fatigue lifetimes at 0.1 Hz. Specimens that achieved run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. Prior fatigue in air and in steam caused significant reduction in tensile strength and modulus. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Delapasse, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chamberlain, A. L.; Lane, J. E.; Cook, T. S.] Rolls Royce, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 534 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.049 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 914YL UT WOS:000301989600016 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Bogdanov, EA Demidov, VI Koepke, ME Kudryavtsev, AA Williamson, JM AF Adams, S. F. Bogdanov, E. A. Demidov, V. I. Koepke, M. E. Kudryavtsev, A. A. Williamson, J. M. TI Metastable atom and electron density diagnostic in the initial stage of a pulsed discharge in Ar and other rare gases by emission spectroscopy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ICP DISCHARGE; IONIZATION KINETICS; NOBLE-GAS; PLASMA; AFTERGLOW AB Temporal measurements of the emission intensities of the Ar 419.8 and 420.1 nm spectral lines combined with Ar plasma modeling were used to examine the metastable atom and electron density behavior in the initial stage of a pulsed dc discharge. The emission intensity measurements of these spectral lines near the start of a pulsed dc discharge in Ar demonstrated a sharp growth of metastable atom and electron densities which was dependent on the applied reduced electric fields. For lower electric fields, the sharp growth of metastable atom density started earlier than the sharp electron density growth. The reverse situation was observed for larger electric fields. This presents the possibility for controlling plasma properties which may be useful for technological applications. Similar measurements with spectral lines of corresponding transitions in other rare gases are examined. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3686142] C1 [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bogdanov, E. A.; Kudryavtsev, A. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Williamson, J. M.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Bogdanov, Evgeny/I-3232-2012; Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Bogdanov, Evgeny/0000-0002-3397-3162; Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 FU DOE OFES [DE-SC0001939]; NSF [CBET-0903635]; AFOSR; GK [14.740.11.0893] FX The authors would like to thank C. A. DeJoseph, Jr., I. Kaganovich, and Y. Raitses for valuable discussions and J. Miles for help in experiments. This work was supported by the DOE OFES (Contract No. DE-SC0001939), NSF (Grant No. CBET-0903635), GK 14.740.11.0893 and AFOSR. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 AR 023510 DI 10.1063/1.3686142 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 907CQ UT WOS:000301395800068 ER PT J AU Minton, TK Wright, ME Tomczak, SJ Marquez, SA Shen, LH Brunsvold, AL Cooper, R Zhang, JM Vij, V Guenthner, AJ Petteys, BJ AF Minton, Timothy K. Wright, Michael E. Tomczak, Sandra J. Marquez, Sara A. Shen, Linhan Brunsvold, Amy L. Cooper, Russell Zhang, Jianming Vij, Vandana Guenthner, Andrew J. Petteys, Brian J. TI Atomic Oxygen Effects on POSS Polyimides in Low Earth Orbit SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE hyperthermal atomic oxygen; polyimide; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; POSS; space environment; polymer erosion; low Earth orbit ID OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE POLYIMIDES; HYPERVELOCITY SPACE DEBRIS; HYPERTHERMAL REACTIONS; SCATTERING DYNAMICS; HYDROCARBON SURFACE; O(P-3) COLLISIONS; VUV RADIATION; FEP TEFLON; POLYMERS; EROSION AB Kapton polyimde is extensively used in solar arrays, spacecraft thermal blankets, and space inflatable structures. Upon exposure to atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit (LEO), Kapton is severely eroded. An effective approach to prevent this erosion is to incorporate polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS.) into the polyimide matrix by copolymerizing POSS monomers with the polyimide precursor. The copolymerization of POSS provides Si and O in the polymer matrix on the nano level. During exposure of POSS polyimide to atomic oxygen, organic material is degraded, and a silica, passivation layer is formed. This silica layer protects the underlying polymer from further degradation. Laboratory and space-flight experiments have shown that POSS polyimides are highly resistant to atomic-oxygen attack, with erosion yields that may be as little as 1% those of Kapton. The results of all the studies indicate that POSS polyimide would be a space-survivable replacement for Kapton on spacecraft that operate in the LEO environment. C1 [Minton, Timothy K.; Marquez, Sara A.; Shen, Linhan; Brunsvold, Amy L.; Cooper, Russell; Zhang, Jianming] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tomczak, Sandra J.] USAF, AFRL RZSB, Motor Branch, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vij, Vandana] USAF, ERC Inc, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Wright, Michael E.; Petteys, Brian J.] USN, Res & Engn Sci Dept, Div Chem, NAVAIR, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Minton, TK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 103 Chem Biochem Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tminton@montana.edu RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-01-1-0276, LRIR-92PL0COR]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0943639] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants F49620-01-1-0276 & LRIR-92PL0COR), and the National Science Foundation (CHE-0943639). NR 61 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 492 EP 502 DI 10.1021/am201509n PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 897IW UT WOS:000300644500002 PM 22188314 ER PT J AU Reams, JT Guenthner, AJ Lamison, KR Vij, V Lubin, LM Mabry, JM AF Reams, Josiah T. Guenthner, Andrew J. Lamison, Kevin R. Vij, Vandana Lubin, Lisa M. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Effect of Chemical Structure and Network Formation on Physical Properties of Di(Cyanate Ester) Thermosets SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE cyanate ester; polycyanurate; resin; cure kinetics; water uptake ID CROSS-LINK DENSITY; CYANATE ESTER; CURE KINETICS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; POLYCYANURATE NETWORKS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CURING BEHAVIOR; DICYANATE; RESINS; MOISTURE AB Key physical properties of three dicyanate ester monomers, bisphenol A dicyanate (BADCy), bisphenol E dicyanate (LECy), and the dicyanate of a silicon containing analogue of bisphenol A (SiMCy) were investigated as a function of cyanurate conversion at conversions ranging from approximately 70% to greater than 90% in order to assess the range of applicability of both traditional and more unusual structure property process relationships known, for cyanate ester resins. A, more complete understanding of these relationships is essential for the continued development of cyanate ester resins and their composites for a wide variety of aerospace applications. The degree of cure in each system was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degree of conversion achieved at a-given temperature was dependent on the structure of the repeat unit, with SiMCy displaying the highest relative ease of cure. The density at room temperature was found to decrease monotonically with increasing conversion for all monomer types studied. In contrast, the water uptake decreased with increasing cure for all three materials over most or all of the conversion range studied, but leveled off or began to increase with increasing conversion at conversions of approximately 90%. The T-g decreased after exposure to hot water in resins with greater than 85% conversion, but unexpectedly increased in samples with lower conversions. An investigation of the effect of hot water exposure on network chemistry via infrared spectroscopy indicated that carbamate formation varied with both monomer chemistry and extent of cure, but was greatest for the BADCy polycyanurates. On the other hand, the unreacted cyanate ester band tended to disappear uniformly, suggesting that reactions other than carbamate formation (such as cyclotrimerization) may also take place during exposure to hot water, possibly giving rise to the observed unusual increases in T-g upon exposure. C1 [Reams, Josiah T.] USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Lamison, Kevin R.; Vij, Vandana; Lubin, Lisa M.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Reams, JT (reprint author), USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. EM josiah.reams.ctr@edwards.af.mil; andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX Support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, is gratefully acknowledged. J.T.R. also acknowledges the National Research Council Research Associateship Program under which his efforts were conducted. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1021/am201413t PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 897IW UT WOS:000300644500006 PM 22311550 ER PT J AU Roy, AK Farmer, BL Varshney, V Sihn, S Lee, J Ganguli, S AF Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. Varshney, Vikas Sihn, Sangwook Lee, Jonghoon Ganguli, Sabyasachi TI Importance of Interfaces in Governing Thermal Transport in Composite Materials: Modeling and Experimental Perspectives SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE thermal management; interface thermal resistance; multiscale modeling; nanocomposites; thermal conductivity; thermal interface materials ID NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; CRACKED BODIES; RESISTANCE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; FILMS; INHOMOGENEITIES; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Thermal management in polymeric composite materials has become increasingly critical in the air-vehicle industry because of the increasing thermal load in small-scale composite devices extensively used in electronics and aerospace systems. The thermal transport phenomenon in these small-scale heterogeneous systems is essentially controlled by the interface thermal resistance because of the large surface-to. volume ratio, In this review article, several modeling strategies, are discussed for different length scales, complemented by our experimental efforts to tailor the thermal transport properties of polymeric composite materials. Progress in the molecular modeling of thermal transport in thermosets is reviewed along with a discussion on the interface thermal resistance between functionalized carbon nanotube and epoxy resin systems. For the thermal transport in fiber-reinforced composites, various micromechanics-based analytical and numerical modeling schemes are reviewed in predicting the transverse thermal conductivity. Numerical schemes used to realize and scale the interface thermal resistance and the finite mean free path of the energy carrier in the mesoscale are discussed in the frame of the lattice Boltzmann-Peierls-Callaway equation. Finally, guided by modeling, complementary experimental efforts are discussed for exfoliated graphite and vertically aligned nanotubes based composites toward improving their effective thermal conductivity by tailoring interface thermal resistance. C1 [Roy, Ajit K.; Varshney, Vikas; Sihn, Sangwook; Lee, Jonghoon; Ganguli, Sabyasachi] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sihn, Sangwook; Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Ajit.Roy@wpafb.af.mil; Barry.Farmer@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2302BR7P, 2306AR8P, 2306CR9P] FX The authors are grateful to Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Lab Tasks: 2302BR7P, 2306AR8P, 2306CR9P) for the funding support. The authors also thank Dr. Jennifer Wohlwend for the thorough, critical reading, and her suggestions regarding the manuscript. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 545 EP 563 DI 10.1021/am201496z PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 897IW UT WOS:000300644500008 PM 22295993 ER PT J AU Jarosz, PR Shaukat, A Schauerman, CM Cress, CD Kladitis, PE Ridgley, RD Landi, BJ AF Jarosz, Paul R. Shaukat, Aalyia Schauerman, Christopher M. Cress, Cory D. Kladitis, Paul E. Ridgley, Richard D. Landi, Brian J. TI High-Performance, Lightweight Coaxial Cable from Carbon Nanotube Conductors SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; lightweight coaxial cable; attenuation; high frequency; chemical treatment; performance enhancement ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FIBERS; TRANSPORT; YARNS; FILMS AB Coaxial cables have been constructed with carbon nanotube (CNT) materials serving as both the inner and outer conductors. Treatment of the CNT outer and inner conductors with KAuBr4 was found to significantly reduce the attenuation of these cables, which demonstrates that chemical agents can be used to improve. power transmission through CNT networks at high frequencies (150 kHz-3 GHz). For cables constructed with a KAuBr4-treated CNT outer conductor, power attenuation per length approaches parity with cables constructed from metallic conductors at significantly lower weight per length (i.e., 7.1 g/m for CNT designs compared to 38.8 g/m for an RG-58 design). A relationship between the thickness of the CNT outer conductor and the cable attenuation was observed and used to estimate the effective skin depth at high frequency. These results establish reliable, reproducible methods for the construction of coaxial cables from CNT materials that can facilitate further investigation of their performance in high frequency transmission structures, and highlight a specific opportunity for significant reduction in coaxial cable mass. C1 [Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Golisano Inst Sustainabil, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kladitis, Paul E.] USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Landi, BJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Golisano Inst Sustainabil, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Tyco Electronics; U.S. Government; Intelligence Community; Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-1-10-1-0122] FX The authors acknowledge Tyco Electronics for partial support and technical discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Government, including a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program through funding from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, as well as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Grant HDTRA-1-10-1-0122. The authors also thank Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. for providing CNT materials used in this effort. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1021/am201729g PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 897IW UT WOS:000300644500087 PM 22272936 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Bunker, CE Fernando, KAS Connell, JW AF Lin, Yi Bunker, Christopher E. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Connell, John W. TI Aqueously Dispersed Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Reusable, Thermal Oxidation-Resistant Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Devices SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE boron nitride nanosheets; nanometal decoration; reusable; SERS; wet transfer ID CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHENE OXIDE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; ANCHORING SEMICONDUCTOR; SCATTERING; FILM; GOLD; LAYER; NANORIBBONS AB The impurity-free aqueous dispersions of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) allowed the facile preparation of silver (Ag) nanoparticle-decorated BNNS by chemical reduction of an Ag salt with hydrazine. in the presence of BNNS. The resultant Ag BNNS nanohybrids remained dispersed in water, allowing convenient subsequent solution processing. By using substrate transfer techniques, Ag BNNS nanohybrid thin film coatings on quartz substrates were prepared and evaluated as reusable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors that were robust against repeated solvent washing. In addition, because ofthe unique thermal oxidation-resistant properties of the BNNS, the sensor devices may be readily recycled by short-duration high temperature air oxidation to remove residual analyte molecules in repeated runs. The limiting factor associated with the thermal oxidation recycling process was the Ostwald ripening effect of Ag nanostructures. C1 [Lin, Yi] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nanotechnol Grp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Connell, John W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM yi.lin-1@nasa.gov; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; john.w.connell@nasa.gov NR 64 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1117 DI 10.1021/am201747d PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 897IW UT WOS:000300644500088 PM 22280102 ER PT J AU Hsiao, YC Dzau, JR Flemmons, MS Asrani, S Jones, S Freedman, SF AF Hsiao, Ya-Chuan Dzau, Jacqueline R. Flemmons, Meghan S. Asrani, Sanjay Jones, Sarah Freedman, Sharon F. TI Home assessment of diurnal intraocular pressure in healthy children using the Icare rebound tonometer SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article ID SUSPECTED GLAUCOMA AB BACKGROUND Although intraocular pressure (TOP) is known to vary with the circadian cycle in nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes of adults, the clinical assessment of TOP often relies on periodic measurements obtained at office visits during daytime hours. Little has been reported on diurnal TOP patterns in healthy children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diurnal TOP in normal eyes of healthy children with the Icare rebound tonometer and when recorded by a parent at home. METHODS This was a prospective study of TOP in normal eyes of healthy children. Children were recruited from a pediatric eye clinic. A parent was instructed on the use of the Icare rebound tonometer by a study physician and demonstrated proficiency its use in the clinic, at which time a masked TOP reading was also made with Goldmann applanation by a different study clinician. Home IOPs were then obtained and recorded 6 times daily at 2- to 3-hours intervals during 2 consecutive days by a parent. RESULTS A total of 22 normal eyes (of 11 children) were included. We found that children without glaucoma demonstrate mean diurnal TOP fluctuation of 4-6 mm Hg, with similar TOP between right and left eyes, fair repeatability between consecutive days, and a tendency for higher early morning and lower late evening IOP. CONCLUSIONS Healthy children without glaucoma demonstrate some diurnal fluctuation in TOP, comparable with that reported in nonglaucomatous eyes of adults. This information should prove as comparative for assessment of TOP fluctuation in children with known or suspected glaucoma. (J AAPOS 2012;16:58-60) C1 [Freedman, Sharon F.] Duke Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Hsiao, Ya-Chuan] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Flemmons, Meghan S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Freedman, SF (reprint author), Duke Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, POB 3802, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM sharon.freedman@duke.edu OI Freedman, Sharon/0000-0003-3615-3511 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.10.005 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 905VQ UT WOS:000301304700015 PM 22370667 ER PT J AU Maass, R Uchic, MD AF Maass, R. Uchic, M. D. TI In-situ characterization of the dislocation-structure evolution in Ni micro-pillars SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Micro-compression; Plastic deformation; Strain gradient; Single crystal; Strain hardening ID X-RAY MICRODIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL COPPER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROPILLAR COMPRESSION; SUBMICROMETER-PILLARS; METALLIC MICROPILLARS; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; SMALL-SCALE; WHITE-BEAM; PLASTICITY AB The high strength of micro-crystals is determined in the early flow regime, where a transition from elastic to plastic flow is obscured if compared to stress strain data from bulk single crystals. In the present work we therefore focus on the evolution of dislocation structures in Ni micro-pillars during early deformation by employing in-situ Laue micro-diffraction. It will be shown that substantial changes in the lattice fine structure, such as multiple subgrain formation and significant rotational gradients, can be resolved prior to the onset of large strain generation. The results reveal more pronounced effects for smaller sample dimensions and also suggest that most of the evolving dislocation structure is formed prior to the occurrence of large strain bursts. A clear increase in dislocation density as a function of strain is observed, which we discuss in the context of size-dependent strain hardening and exhaustion hardening. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maass, R.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maass, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 309-81, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM maass@caltech.edu RI Maass, Robert/F-6306-2011 FU Alexander von Humboldt foundation FX R.M. gratefully acknowledges the splendid support of the MicroXAS beamline crew at the Swiss Light Source: D. Grolimund, C. Borca, and M. Willimann. Thanks go also to the Materials Science and Simulation group at the Paul Scherrer Institute: H. Van Swygenhoven, S. Van Petegem, J. Zimmermann, Stefan Brandstetter and Christian Brandl. Further, R.M. would like to acknowledge the support of Hysitron Inc. for technical support of the MCD-development. Gratitude is expressed towards P.M. Derlet and C.P. Frick for valuable discussions. R.M. also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for financial support at his current affiliation. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.11.007 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 903YA UT WOS:000301157900025 ER PT J AU Lacey, TH Mills, RF Mullins, BE Raines, RA Oxley, ME Rogers, SK AF Lacey, T. H. Mills, R. F. Mullins, B. E. Raines, R. A. Oxley, M. E. Rogers, S. K. TI RIPsec - Using reputation-based multilayer security to protect MANETs SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE MANET; Ad-hoc; IPsec; DSR; Multipath; Behavior grading; Reputation; Trust; PKI ID AD HOC NETWORKS AB This paper examines the theory, application, and results for a Reputation-Based Internet Protocol Security (RIPsec) framework that provides security for a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) operating in a hostile environment. While there has been significant research in MANET security, the research has tended to address subsets of the overall security challenge. RIPsec leverages existing technologies to provide an overarching layered security framework that provides a more comprehensive security solution than existing approaches. Protection from external threats is provided in the form of encrypted links and encryption-wrapped nodes while internal threats are mitigated by behavior grading that assigns reputations to nodes based on their demonstrated participation in the routing process. End-to-end message security using public and private certificates protects against both internal and external threats. Network availability is improved by behavior grading and round-robin multipath routing. Simulation results showed that the number of routing errors sent in a MANET was reduced by an average of 52% when using RIPsec. The cost in network performance for the security provided by RIPsec was a reduction in throughput. However, the reduction was acceptable given the increase in security. The network load was also reduced, decreasing the overall traffic introduced into the MANET and permitting individual nodes to perform more work without overtaxing their limited resources. The RIPsec framework was analyzed to demonstrate its robustness against a number of well-known attacks against ad-hoc networks. Of the four features incorporated into RIPsec (encryption, IPsec transport mode, behavior grading, and multipath routing), three other frameworks incorporated two of the features (encryption and behavior grading), and the remaining eight frameworks only incorporated one of the four security features. The incorporation of all four security features at multiple levels makes RIPsec very robust against attacks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lacey, T. H.; Mills, R. F.; Mullins, B. E.; Raines, R. A.; Oxley, M. E.; Rogers, S. K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lacey, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.lacey.ctr@afit.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 122 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2011.09.005 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 902AT UT WOS:000301011700011 ER PT J AU Dube, T Raines, R Peterson, G Bauer, K Grimaila, M Rogers, S AF Dube, T. Raines, R. Peterson, G. Bauer, K. Grimaila, M. Rogers, S. TI Malware target recognition via static heuristics SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Malware detection; Intrusion detection; Malware; Situation awareness; Machine learning ID MALICIOUS EXECUTABLES AB Organizations increasingly rely on the confidentiality, integrity and availability of their information and communications technologies to conduct effective business operations while maintaining their competitive edge. Exploitation of these networks via the introduction of undetected malware ultimately degrades their competitive edge, while taking advantage of limited network visibility and the high cost of analyzing massive numbers of programs. This article introduces the novel Malware Target Recognition (MaTR) system which combines the decision tree machine learning algorithm with static heuristic features for malware detection. By focusing on contextually important static heuristic features, this research demonstrates superior detection results. Experimental results on large sample datasets demonstrate near ideal malware detection performance (99.9+% accuracy) with low false positive (8.73e-4) and false negative rates (8.03e-4) at the same point on the performance curve. Test results against a set of publicly unknown malware, including potential advanced competitor tools, show MaTR's superior detection rate (99%) versus the union of detections from three commercial antivirus products (60%). The resulting model is a fine granularity sensor with potential to dramatically augment cyberspace situation awareness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dube, T.; Raines, R.; Peterson, G.; Bauer, K.; Grimaila, M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, S.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, S.] USAF, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dube, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.dube@afit.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2011.09.002 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 902AT UT WOS:000301011700012 ER PT J AU Stuckey, NC Vasquez, JR Graham, SR Hopkinson, KM Maybeck, PS AF Stuckey, N. C. Vasquez, J. R. Graham, S. R. Hopkinson, K. M. Maybeck, P. S. TI Stochastic control of computer networks SO IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Although transmission control protocol (TCP) is a proven protocol in networks with congestion-dominated packet losses, it is a poor match for mobile networks with bit-error-dominated packet losses. This article considers a control theoretic approach for more effective flow control in reliable network transmissions. An extended Kalman filter is developed to estimate two key network state indicators: individual queue sizes and packet arrival rates to each queue. A source node estimates these parameters for each of the downstream queues currently servicing packet streams originating from itself. These estimates can be used by an linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) 'steady-state' linear perturbation proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller to regulate the size of downstream queues by altering the packet rate sent towards a particular downstream queue. Although this work demonstrates the effects of a single controller, it is anticipated that a network wide deployment could achieve significant throughput and stability benefits. The primary contributions of this work include: (a) development of the necessary Kalman filter theory, (b) design of a network state estimator using a transient queue behaviour model, (c) equations for the LQG synthesis of a steady-state linear perturbation PI controller and (d) demonstration of the resulting controller performance, which shows significant improvement over traditional TCP implementations. C1 [Stuckey, N. C.] White House Commun Agcy, Joint Base Anacostia Bol, DC 20373 USA. [Vasquez, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Graham, S. R.; Hopkinson, K. M.; Maybeck, P. S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stuckey, NC (reprint author), White House Commun Agcy, Joint Base Anacostia Bol, DC 20373 USA. EM kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8644 J9 IET CONTROL THEORY A JI IET Contr. Theory Appl. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1049/iet-cta.2010.0432 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 899UM UT WOS:000300841900008 ER PT J AU Coppage, R Slocik, JM Briggs, BD Frenkel, AI Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Coppage, Ryan Slocik, Joseph M. Briggs, Beverly D. Frenkel, Anatoly I. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Determining Peptide Sequence Effects That Control the Size, Structure, and Function of Nanoparticles SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE bionanotechnology; peptide; biomimetic; catalysis; Pd nanoparticle ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; GOLD; BINDING; SUPERSTRUCTURES; SIMULATION; STABILITY; MECHANISM; SURFACES; VIEW AB The ability to tune the size, shape, and Composition of nanomaterials at length soles <10 nm remains a challenging task. Such capabilities are required to fully realize the application of nanotechnology for catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical technologies. Conversely, nature employs biomacromolecules such as proteins and peptides as highly specific nanoparticle ligands that demonstrate exacting precision over the particle morphology through controlling the biotic/abiotic interface. Here we demonstrate the ability to finely tune the size, surface structure, and functionality of single-crystal Pd nanoparticles between 2 and 3 nm using materials directing peptides. This was achieved by selectively altering the peptide sequence to change the binding motif, which in turn modifies the surface structure of the particles. The materials were fully characterized before and after reduction using atomically resolved spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, which indicated that the coordination environment prior to reduction significantly affects the structure of the final nanoparticles. Additionally, changes to the particle surface structure, as a function of peptide sequence, can allow for chloride ion coordination that alters the catalytic abilities of the materials for the C-C coupling Stille reaction. These results suggest that peptide-based approaches may be able to achieve control over the structure/function relationship of nanomaterials where the peptide sequence could be used to selectivity tune such capabilities. C1 [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Coppage, Ryan; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frenkel, AI (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, 245 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM anatoly.frenkel@yu.edu; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1157431]; Air Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy [FG02-03ER15476]; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy [FG02-05ER15688]; Research Challenge Trust Fund FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1157431(M.K.) and by the Air Office of Scientific Research (R.N.). A.I.F. acknowledges support by U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-03ER15476. Beamline X18B at the NSLS is supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15688. M.K. further acknowledges support from the University of Miami. R.C. acknowledges student fellowship support from the Research Challenge Trust Fund. The authors are grateful to Dr. R. Vasic for help with XAFS measurements. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 1625 EP 1636 DI 10.1021/nn204600d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 898QW UT WOS:000300757900073 PM 22276921 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Kang, JY Jeon, IY Eo, SM Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Hyun-Jung Kang, Ji-Ye Jeon, In-Yup Eo, Soo-Mi Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Immobilization of platinum nanoparticles on 3,4-diaminobenzoyl- functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube and its electrocatalytic activity SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Platinum nanoparticles; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Functionalization; Electrocatalytic activity ID POLY(PHOSPHORIC ACID); COMPOSITES; CATALYSTS; PURIFICATION; ELECTRODES; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; OXYGEN AB Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are functionalized at the sp(2) C-H defect sites with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid by a "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in a mild polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide medium. Owing to enhanced surface polarity, the resulting 3,4-diaminobenzoyl-functionalized MWCNTs (DAB-MWCNT) are highly dispersible in polar solvents, such as ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and methanesulfonic acid. The absorption and emission properties of DAB-MWCNT in solution state are qualitatively shown to be sensitive to the pH in the environment. The DAB-MWCNT is used as a stable platform on which to deposit platinum nanoparticles (PNP). The PNP/DAB-MWCNT hybrid displays high electrocatalytic activity with good electrochemical stability for an oxygen reduction reaction under an alkaline condition. C1 [Choi, Hyun-Jung; Kang, Ji-Ye; Jeon, In-Yup; Eo, Soo-Mi; Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Inst Adv Mat & Devices, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, AFRL RXBN Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Inst Adv Mat & Devices, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU World Class University (WCU); US-Korea NBIT; Basic Research Laboratory (BRL); National Research Foundation (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD) FX This project was supported by funding from World Class University (WCU), US-Korea NBIT, and Basic Research Laboratory (BRL) programs supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea, US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 AR 704 DI 10.1007/s11051-011-0704-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 895RY UT WOS:000300515200026 ER PT J AU Dudley, JG Ukeiley, L AF Dudley, Jonathan G. Ukeiley, Lawrence TI Numerical Investigation of a Cylinder Immersed in a Supersonic Boundary Layer SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference CY MAY 11-13, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), CEAS ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATIONS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; PLANE SURFACE; CROSS-FLOW; CAVITY; FORCES; WALL AB Detached-eddy simulations have been carried out for flow past a circular cylinder in close proximity to a planar wall within a supersonic boundary layer. Four gap heights and two rod diameters with a boundary-layer-to-rod-diameter ratio less than unity were considered for the investigation. The focus. of the effort was on the behavior of the flow in the cylinder wake and its interaction with the flat plate boundary layer. The present work reveals a strong effect of the gap ratio and rod diameter on the behavior of this interaction. The investigation indicates strong von Karman-type vortex shedding exists only when the cylinder is placed in close proximity to the wall. The results further illustrate the forward stagnation point moves from the upper to lower quadrant of the cylinder as the gap height is increased, resulting in a significant separated boundary layer on the floor aft of the cylinder. C1 [Dudley, Jonathan G.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Ukeiley, Lawrence] Univ Florida, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Dudley, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Ukeiley, Lawrence/A-4268-2009; OI Ukeiley, Lawrence/0000-0001-8080-3249 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.2514/1.J050647 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 882TO UT WOS:000299587000001 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Maddry, J Borys, DJ Morgan, DL AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Maddry, Joseph Borys, Doug J. Morgan, David L. TI Incidence of tricyclic antidepressant-like complications after cyclobenzaprine overdose SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. [Maddry, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. [Borys, Doug J.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Morgan, David L.] Texas A&M Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Scott & White Hosp, Coll Med, Temple, TX USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com; joseph.maddry@gmail.com; DBORYS@swmail.sw.org; dlmorgan@swmail.sw.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 374 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.09.005 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 891SP UT WOS:000300237200020 PM 22100463 ER PT J AU Morrison, JJ Dubose, JJ Rasmussen, TE Midwinter, MJ AF Morrison, Jonathan J. Dubose, Joseph J. Rasmussen, Todd E. Midwinter, Mark J. TI Military Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Emergency Resuscitation (MATTERs) Study SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARDIAC-SURGERY; INJURY SEVERITY; TRANSFUSION; SCORE; PROPHYLAXIS; DEATH; WAR AB Objectives: To characterize contemporary use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in combat injury and to assess the effect of its administration on total blood product use, thromboembolic complications, and mortality. Design: Retrospective observational study comparing TXA administration with no TXA in patients receiving at least 1 unit of packed red blood cells. A subgroup of patients receiving massive transfusion (>= 10 units of packed red blood cells) was also examined. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify parameters associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier life tables were used to report survival. Setting: A Role 3 Echelon surgical hospital in southern Afghanistan. Patients: A total of 896 consecutive admissions with combat injury, of which 293 received TXA, were identified from prospectively collected UK and US trauma registries. Main Outcome Measures: Mortality at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 30 days as well as the influence of TXA administration on postoperative coagulopathy and the rate of thromboembolic complications. Results: The TXA group had lower unadjusted mortality than the no-TXA group (17.4% vs 23.9%, respectively; P = .03) despite being more severely injured (mean [SD] Injury Severity Score, 25.2 [16.6] vs 22.5 [18.5], respectively; P < .001). This benefit was greatest in the group of patients who received massive transfusion (14.4% vs 28.1%, respectively; P = .004), where TXA was also independently associated with survival (odds ratio = 7.228; 95% CI, 3.016-17.322) and less coagulopathy (P = .003). Conclusions: The use of TXA with blood component-based resuscitation following combat injury results in improved measures of coagulopathy and survival, a benefit that is most prominent in patients requiring massive transfusion. Treatment with TXA should be implemented into clinical practice as part of a resuscitation strategy following severe wartime injury and hemorrhage. C1 [Rasmussen, Todd E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, USAF Med Corps, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Dubose, Joseph J.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] USAF, Med Serv, Sci & Technol Sect, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Morrison, Jonathan J.; Midwinter, Mark J.] New Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Morrison, Jonathan J.; Midwinter, Mark J.] Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, USAF Med Corps, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Ste B, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@amedd.army.mil RI Midwinter, Mark/P-6264-2015 OI Midwinter, Mark/0000-0003-1836-7137 FU Office of the US Air Force Surgeon General; Air Force Medical Support Agency FX This work was supported by the Office of the US Air Force Surgeon General and was created in the performance of a contract with the Air Force Medical Support Agency. NR 27 TC 193 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 147 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1001/archsurg.2011.287 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 895VJ UT WOS:000300524500005 PM 22006852 ER PT J AU Reyes, JA Habash, ML Taylor, RP AF Reyes, Joel A. Habash, Michelle L. Taylor, Richard P. TI Femoral central venous catheters are not associated with higher rates of infection in the pediatric critical care population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Nosocomial infection; Catheter-related infections; Intensive care units ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; ILL PATIENTS; UNIT; COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES AB Background: Adult data show a difference in central venous catheter (CVC) infection rates between 3 major sites: subclavian (SC), internal jugular (IJ), and femoral veins. We hypothesized that in patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), there is no difference in rates of CVC infection among these three sites, but specifically the femoral compared to all other sites. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from January 1999 to January 2008 were collected prospectively for internal review and quality assurance. All PICU patients with a CVC were enrolled. The rate of CVC infection was determined using Cox regression survival analysis to account for various durations of CVC placement at the various sites, then adjusted for severity of illness, number of lumens, and patient age. Mortality was compared in patients with a CVC infection versus those without. Results: A total of 4,512 patients with a CVC were enrolled. No site was associated with an increased risk of infection compared with the other sites, with hazard ratios of 0.951 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.612-1.478) for the SC site, 0.956 (95% CI, 0.593-1.541) for the IJ site, and 1.120 (95% CI, 0.753-1.665) for the femoral site. No significant association between mortality and presence of CVC infection was found when adjusted for age, severity of illness, and duration of CVC placement. An association was found between the presence of a CVC infection and prolonged PICU length of stay (3.98 days longer; P < .001). Conclusion: Femoral CVCs are not associated with higher rates of infection in the PICU. In addition, the presence of CVC infection does not affect mortality, but is associated with longer PICU admission. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. C1 [Reyes, Joel A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, Div Crit Care, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Reyes, Joel A.; Habash, Michelle L.; Taylor, Richard P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Reyes, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, Div Crit Care, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MC 7829, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM reyesj3@uthscsa.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.02.011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 891CW UT WOS:000300195000009 PM 21704431 ER PT J AU Palmer, MJ Johnson, RW Autry, T Aguirre, R Lee, V Scofield, JD AF Palmer, Michael J. Johnson, R. Wayne Autry, Tracy Aguirre, Rizal Lee, Victor Scofield, James D. TI Silicon Carbide Power Modules for High-Temperature Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hermetic power package; high current switching; high-temperature operation; SiC die attach ID ELECTRONICS AB A hermetic multichip power package for silicon carbide devices that will operate at 200 degrees C ambient and switch 50-100 A has been developed. The Al2O3/MoCu structure, in which the SiC junction field-effect transistors and diodes are attached, was designed to hermetically seal the device areas. Details of the materials and processes used to fabricate the package are discussed. Die attach, ribbon bonding, and lid attach, as well as thermal modeling, electrical testing, and thermal cycling results are also described. C1 [Palmer, Michael J.; Johnson, R. Wayne] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Commun Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Autry, Tracy; Aguirre, Rizal; Lee, Victor] Microsemi Corp, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. [Scofield, James D.] USAF, Dept PRPE, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palmer, MJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Commun Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM palmemj@auburn.edu; johnson@eng.auburn.edu; tautry@microsemi.com; raguirre@microsemi.com; vlee@microsemi.com; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil FU Parker Aerospace Control Systems Division; Air Force Research Lab [FA8650-07-C-2737] FX This work was supported by a number of organizations, including the Parker Aerospace Control Systems Division, which provided aerospace actuation requirements and guidance for the Si CPSM to be demonstrated in a representative laboratory environment, Air Force Research Lab, which provided expert guidance through Program Manager J. Scofield, SemiSouth Labs, which supplied SiC devices and performed the electrical testing, Auburn University, which supplied high-temperature packaging technology, and Microsemi Power Products Group, which supplied packaging manufacturing. This work was funded in part by the Air Force Research Lab, through the Silicon Carbide Power Switch Module Program, under Contract FA8650-07-C-2737. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor C. J. Bailey upon evaluation of reviewers' comments. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3950 J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 2 IS 2 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2171343 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 891DL UT WOS:000300196600004 ER PT J AU Aihara, K Chen, MJ Chen, C Pham, AVH AF Aihara, Kunia Chen, Morgan Jikang Chen, Cheng Pham, Anh-Vu H. TI Reliability of Liquid Crystal Polymer Air Cavity Packaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cavities; liquid crystal polymer; organic; packaging ID SURFACE-MOUNT PACKAGES; KA-BAND APPLICATIONS; LCP; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; MEMS; RF AB We present the development of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) packages and thermal compression sealing processes. We demonstrate the complete process for prototyping, sealing, and assembling a single-chip LCP package at microwave frequencies. Using the thermal compression technique, we achieve a measured fine leak rate of 3.7 x 10(-8) cc-atm/s of a LCP package cavity. We have conducted a series of environmental tests such as temperature cycling and 85 degrees C and 85% humidity. We demonstrated that LCP packages have passed major environmental tests and proved to be a reliable package platform. C1 [Aihara, Kunia] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Morgan Jikang] Futurewei Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. [Chen, Cheng; Pham, Anh-Vu H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microwave Microsyst Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Aihara, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kunia.aihara@gmail.com; chenmor@gmail.com; chgchen@ucdavis.edu; pham@ece.ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation; UC Micro FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER Award and UC Micro. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor D. Goyal upon evaluation of reviewers' comments. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3950 J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 2 IS 2 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2178092 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 891DL UT WOS:000300196600006 ER PT J AU Cho, MG Cooke, D Ferguson, D Garrett, HB Hilgers, A Lai, ST Roussel, JF Wheelock, A AF Cho, Mengu Cooke, David Ferguson, Dale Garrett, Henry B. Hilgers, Alain Lai, Shu T. Roussel, Jean-Francois Wheelock, Adrian TI Special Issue on Spacecraft Charging Technology 2012 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cho, Mengu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Cooke, David; Ferguson, Dale; Wheelock, Adrian] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Garrett, Henry B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hilgers, Alain] ESA, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Lai, Shu T.] MIT, Space Prop Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Roussel, Jean-Francois] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-31055 Toulouse, France. RP Cho, MG (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 SI SI BP 138 EP 138 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2180452 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894LS UT WOS:000300428800001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC AF Ferguson, Dale C. TI New Frontiers in Spacecraft Charging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Plasma properties; space technology; space vehicles; surface charging AB Spacecraft charging, as a field, is continually being recharged by new developments in understanding, new materials and technologies, and new approaches to both new and old problems. I will discuss some of the new frontiers in understanding spacecraft charging in this paper, as well as referencing relevant papers from the 11th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference. Spacecraft charging is highly material-property dependent. For example, the secondary electron emission, photoemission, bulk electrical resistivity, and surface resistivity are important parameters that help determine the extent of spacecraft charging (both on the surface and inside the spacecraft) in any given environment. Our understanding of these material properties is one of the new frontiers in spacecraft charging. I will discuss how these fundamental material properties have been found to depend on the following: proper measurement techniques, temperature, radiation flux, electric field, surface treatment, surface contamination from plumes and outgassing, surface modification through arcing and vacuum exposure, and synergistic effects. Modeling of spacecraft charging is a second new frontier. New developments in modeling have both improved our understanding of spacecraft charging and enabled us to model situations that are dynamic and geometrically complex. New schemes for treating both space and time variations of fields, particle fluxes, and spectra have made our modeling more precise and accurate. Now, many more spacecraft are being launched into low Earth orbit and the radiation belts. Modeling charging effects more accurately in those orbits will become more important than ever. A third new frontier in spacecraft charging is novel mitigation techniques. Surface materials and simple passive devices that emit electrons as fast as they are collected seem to make real-time charge mitigation cheaply and reliably achievable for the first time. Novel solar cell configurations and coverglass materials promise to make arcing, both of the primary electrostatic discharge (ESD) type and sustained arcing between cells or strings, a thing of the past. Superconducting cables may obviate the high voltages that lead to arcing. New cooperation between spacecraft and solar array manufacturers and spacecraft charging experts may help to prevent the spacecraft charging mistakes of the past. Furthermore, the final frontier is dealing with new materials and higher power requirements. Lightweight spacecraft materials are, in some cases, prone to exacerbate charging or arcing and may allow transmission of electromagnetic interference into sensitive electronics. New solar cell active materials may increase the effects of arcing on solar cell and solar array performance, even for primary ESD events. Higher power requirements may require longer transmission cables, which may increase the need for higher voltages, making arcing more likely. If superconducting cables become a reality, magnetics may become very important for spacecraft control and stability. What will happen to a superconducting cable if it must carry the increased current in an arcing event of very short duration? C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received February 28, 2011; revised July 15, 2011 and September 13, 2011; accepted September 26, 2011. Date of publication November 3, 2011; date of current version February 10, 2012. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 SI SI BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2172635 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894LS UT WOS:000300428800002 ER PT J AU Dennison, JR Evans, A Fullmer, D Hodges, JL AF Dennison, J. R. Evans, Amberly Fullmer, Danielle Hodges, Joshua L. TI Charge-Enhanced Contamination and Environmental Degradation of MISSE-6 SUSpECS Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charging; contamination; materials; space environment effects ID SPACECRAFT; STORAGE AB The effects of prolonged exposure to the low Earth orbit space environment and charge-enhanced contamination on optical, thermal, and electron emission and transport properties of common spacecraft materials have been investigated by comparing pre- and postflight characterization measurements. The State of Utah Space Environment and Contamination Study (SUSpECS), deployed in March 2008 on board the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-6) payload, was exposed for similar to 18 months on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) and was retrieved in September 2009. A total of 165 samples was mounted on three separate SUSpECS panels on the ram and wake sides on the ISS. Some samples, particularly those exposed to atomic oxygen in the ram direction, showed pronounced effects due to exposure. Biased samples for the charge-enhanced contamination study showed subtle variations in visible and infrared reflectivity. C1 [Dennison, J. R.; Evans, Amberly; Fullmer, Danielle] Utah State Univ, Mat Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hodges, Joshua L.] Hill AFB, Struct Anal Grp T38, Ogden, UT USA. RP Dennison, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mat Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM JR.Dennison@usu.edu; amb.eva@aggiemail.usu.edu; danielle.fullmer@aggiemail.usu.edu; joshua.hodges@hill.af.mil RI Dennison, John/C-1225-2014; OI Dennison, JR/0000-0002-5504-3353 FU Utah State University (USU) Space Dynamics Laboratory; NASA through Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory; USU; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received April 4, 2011; revised September 30, 2011; accepted November 17, 2011. Date of publication December 26, 2011; date of current version February 10, 2012. This work was supported in part by the Utah State University (USU) Space Dynamics Laboratory, by the NASA Solar Probe Mission through Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and by a USU Undergraduate Research and Creative Opportunities grant.; The authors would like to thank the USU Get-Away-Special Team-particularly J. Duce and J. Hodges-for their critical role in the design and construction of SUSpECS. The authors would also like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research that sponsors the MISSE program and NASA that provides transportation to and from the ISS aboard the Space Shuttle. G. Pippin, S. Hahn, and the team at Boeing provided invaluable support for the project and as did the team at NASA Langley Research Center who integrated and deintegrated the SUSpECS sample panels into the MISSE-6 Passive Experiment Containers. We also have profited from useful discussion with M. R. Carruth, Jr. and T. Schneider at NASA Marshal Space Flight Center and J. Alred at Boeing about ISS materials; C. Swenson in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, USU, about FPMU materials; C. Thompson and J. Burns at ATK Space Systems; and A. R. Frederickson and N. W. Green at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory about CRRES materials. A. Auman performed the SimION electric field simulations. S. Barton, J. C. Guthrie, R. Hoffmann, and J. Abbott of the USU Materials Physics Group helped with various characterization measurements and sample preparation. J. Dyer at USU Space Dynamics Laboratory was instrumental in characterization measurements and sample preparation and assembly. J. Prebola, D. Crider, and D. Crews with the Aerospace Testing Alliance at Arnold Air Force Base collaborated on ground test chamber simulations for space degradation of samples. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 SI SI BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2178104 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894LS UT WOS:000300428800015 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, R Dennison, JR AF Hoffmann, Ryan Dennison, J. R. TI Measurement Methods of Electron Emission Over a Full Range of Sample Charging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electron yield; insulator; measurement techniques; spacecraft charging ID INSULATORS; METALS AB Spacecraft charging codes require accurate models of electron yields as a function of accumulated charge to correctly predict the charge buildup on spacecraft. The accumulated charge creates equilibrium surface potentials on spacecraft resulting from interactions with the space plasma environment. There is, however, a complex relation between these emission properties and the charge built up in spacecraft insulators. This paper focuses on different methods appropriate to determine the fundamental electronic material property of the total electron yield as the materials accumulate charge. Three methods for determining the uncharged total yield are presented: 1) The dc continuous beam method is a relatively easy and accurate method appropriate for conductors and semiconductors with maximum total electron yield sigma(max) < 2 and resistivity rho < 10(17) Omega . cm; 2) the pulsed-yield method seeks to minimize the effects of charging and is applicable to materials with sigma(max) < 4 and rho up to > 10(24) Omega . cm; and 3) the yield decay method is a very difficult and time-consuming technique that uses a combination of measurement and modeling to investigate the most difficult materials with sigma(max) > 4 and rho up to < 10(24) Omega . cm. Data for high-purity polycrystalline Au, Kapton HN and CP1 polyimides, and polycrystalline aluminum oxide ceramic are presented. These data demonstrate the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method but more importantly show that the methods described herein are capable of reliably measuring the total electron yield of almost any spacecraft material. C1 [Hoffmann, Ryan] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Dennison, J. R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Mat Phys Grp, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hoffmann, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM ryan.hoffmann@kirtland.af.mil; JR.Dennison@usu.edu RI Dennison, John/C-1225-2014; OI Dennison, JR/0000-0002-5504-3353 FU NASA through the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; NASA FX Manuscript received April 4, 2011; revised November 7, 2011; accepted November 17, 2011. Date of publication December 29, 2011; date of current version February 10, 2012. This work was supported in part by the NASA Solar Probe Mission through the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and in part by the NASA Space Environments and Effects Program. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 SI SI BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2178251 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894LS UT WOS:000300428800020 ER PT J AU Gregory, OJ Amani, M Tougas, IM Drehman, AJ AF Gregory, Otto J. Amani, Matin Tougas, Ian M. Drehman, Alvin J. TI Stability and Microstructure of Indium Tin Oxynitride Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMOCOUPLES; OXIDE; ITO AB Indium oxide (In2O3) and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been investigated for high temperature thermocouple and strain guage applications. Reactive sputtering in nitrogen-rich plasmas was used to improve the high temperature stability of indium oxide-based films in air and scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the microstructural changes in the nitrogen-processed films. When thermally cycled at temperatures above 800 degrees C, a partially sintered microstructure comprised of nanometer-sized crystallites was revealed. A densified layer was also formed on the surface, which acted as an oxygen-diffusion barrier in the bulk film. This combined with a network of partially sintered oxynitride crystallites lead to considerable open porosity and a stabilizing effect on the ensuing electrical properties. In this article, the thermoelectric properties of nitrogen-processed films were evaluated at temperatures up to 1400 degrees C. To study the effect of nitrogen plasma processing on the sintering kinetics and associated densification, the constrained sintering of the resulting films was followed as a function of time and temperature. Based on the measured thermoelectric properties of the nitrogen processed films, drift rates on the same order of magnitude as commercial type K wire thermocouples were realized for these all-ceramic thermocouples. C1 [Gregory, Otto J.; Amani, Matin; Tougas, Ian M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Drehman, Alvin J.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Gregory, OJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM gregory@egr.uri.edu FU NASA Glen Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio under NASA [NNX07AB83A] FX The authors wish to thank the NASA Glen Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio for the support of this work under NASA Grant NNX07AB83A (Aircraft Ageing and Durability Project). NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04845.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 884UA UT WOS:000299733100043 ER PT J AU Gehl, M Gibson, R Hendrickson, J Homyk, A Saynatjoki, A Alasaarela, T Karvonen, L Tervonen, A Honkanen, S Zandbergen, S Richards, BC Olitzky, JD Scherer, A Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Kim, JY Lee, YH AF Gehl, Michael Gibson, Ricky Hendrickson, Joshua Homyk, Andrew Saynatjoki, Antti Alasaarela, Tapani Karvonen, Lasse Tervonen, Ari Honkanen, Seppo Zandbergen, Sander Richards, Benjamin C. Olitzky, J. D. Scherer, Axel Khitrova, Galina Gibbs, Hyatt M. Kim, Ju-Young Lee, Yong-Hee TI Effect of atomic layer deposition on the quality factor of silicon nanobeam cavities SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURVED-MICROFIBER AB In this work we study the effect of thin-film deposition on the quality factor (Q) of silicon nanobeam cavities. We observe an average increase in the Q of 38 +/- 31% in one sample and investigate the dependence of this increase on the initial nanobeam hole sizes. We note that this process can be used to modify cavities that have larger than optimal hole sizes following fabrication. Additionally, the technique allows the tuning of the cavity mode wavelength and the incorporation of new materials, without significantly degrading Q. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Gehl, Michael; Gibson, Ricky; Zandbergen, Sander; Olitzky, J. D.; Khitrova, Galina; Gibbs, Hyatt M.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Homyk, Andrew; Scherer, Axel] CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Saynatjoki, Antti; Alasaarela, Tapani; Karvonen, Lasse; Tervonen, Ari; Honkanen, Seppo] Aalto Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Micro & Nanosci, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Richards, Benjamin C.] EMCORE Corp, Adv Concepts Team, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Kim, Ju-Young; Lee, Yong-Hee] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Gehl, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mgehl@optics.arizona.edu RI Lee, Yong Hee/C-2015-2011; Saynatjoki, Antti/M-1355-2015 OI Saynatjoki, Antti/0000-0002-9354-3623 FU Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science Engineering; Arizona Technology & Research Initiative; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)-LRIR [10RY04COR]; ARCS Foundation; Academy of Finland [134087]; Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion; NSF ERC CIAN [EEC-0812072]; AFOSR [FA9550-10- 1-0003]; NSF EPMD [ECCS-1101341] FX M. Gehl acknowledges support by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) program. S. Zandbergen acknowledges partial support from Arizona Technology & Research Initiative Funding (TRIF). J. Hendrickson acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)-LRIR 10RY04COR (Gernot Pomrenke, program manager). A. Homyk appreciates the generous support of the ARCS Foundation. A. Saynatjoki was supported by Academy of Finland grant 134087 and a travel grant by the Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion. The Caltech and UofA groups thank NSF ERC CIAN (EEC-0812072) for support. The UofA group acknowledges support from the AFOSR (FA9550-10- 1-0003) and NSF EPMD (ECCS-1101341). NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP A55 EP A59 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 894DN UT WOS:000300407300009 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, J Guo, JP Zhang, BY Buchwald, W Soref, R AF Hendrickson, Joshua Guo, Junpeng Zhang, Boyang Buchwald, Walter Soref, Richard TI Wideband perfect light absorber at midwave infrared using multiplexed metal structures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE FREQUENCIES; TOTAL ABSORPTION; ANOMALIES; GRATINGS; FILMS AB We experimentally demonstrate a wideband near-perfect light absorber in the midwave IR region using a multiplexed plasmonic metal structure. The wideband near-perfect light absorber is made of two different size gold metal squares multiplexed on a thin dielectric spacing layer on top of a thick metal layer in each unit cell. We also fabricate regular nonmultiplexed structure perfect light absorbers. The multiplexed structure IR absorber absorbs more than 98% of the incident light over a much wider spectral band than regular nonmultiplexed structure perfect light absorbers in the midwave IR region. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Hendrickson, Joshua] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guo, Junpeng; Zhang, Boyang] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Buchwald, Walter] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu FU ASEE-Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 10RY04COR]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0814103]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07 AL52A] FX Junpeng Guo acknowledges the support from the ASEE-Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Joshua Hendrickson acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the program LRIR 10RY04COR. This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the award NSF no. 0814103 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grant no. NNX07 AL52A. NR 19 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 55 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 894DQ UT WOS:000300407600030 PM 22297356 ER PT J AU Nikolic, M Popovic, S Upadhyay, J Vuskovic, L Leiweke, R Ganguly, B AF Nikolic, M. Popovic, S. Upadhyay, J. Vuskovic, L. Leiweke, R. Ganguly, B. TI On a dielectric-barrier and a microwave-cavity discharge in synchronized operation-the case of a helium/oxygen mixture SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLET-DELTA-OXYGEN; A-BAND; PRESSURE; HELIUM; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATION; AFTERGLOW AB We have investigated the performance of a microwave-cavity discharge (MWD) operating in tandem with a fast rise-time pulsed dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD). The tandem discharge operated in a helium/oxygen mixture, where metastable molecular oxygen could be produced efficiently using MWD in proportionally large quantities (order of 20% of total oxygen number density). In this new arrangement, a DBD operating at high E/N provided a metastables-rich mixture, thereby modifying the discharge kinetics of the MWD, which operated in the E/N range centered around 10 Td. Both discharges operated in synchronized pulse-repetitive mode, which was tailored to maximize the oxygen metastable production efficiency. The system operated at pressures up to 350 Torr with an average power between 3 and 20 W. C1 [Nikolic, M.; Popovic, S.; Upadhyay, J.; Vuskovic, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Accelerator Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Leiweke, R.; Ganguly, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nikolic, M (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Accelerator Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM mniko004@odu.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/21/1/015004 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 893XL UT WOS:000300390900005 ER PT J AU Shanks, GD Brundage, JF AF Shanks, G. Dennis Brundage, John F. TI Pathogenic Responses among Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; VIRUS; MORTALITY; PREPAREDNESS; PROTECTION; DISEASE; DEATHS; HOST; ARMY; PIGS AB Of the unexplained characteristics of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic, the extreme mortality rate among young adults (W-shaped mortality curve) is the foremost. Lack of a coherent explanation of this and other epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of the pandemic contributes to uncertainty in preparing for future pandemics. Contemporaneous records suggest that immunopathologic responses were a critical determinant of the high mortality rate among young adults and other high-risk subgroups. Historical records and findings from laboratory animal studies suggest that persons who were exposed to influenza once before 1918 (e.g., A/H3Nx 1890 pandemic strain) were likely to have dysregulated, pathologic cellular immune responses to infections with the A/H1N1 1918 pandemic strain. The immunopathologic effects transiently increased susceptibility to ultimately lethal secondary bacterial pneumonia. The extreme mortality rate associated with the 1918-19 pandemic is unlikely to recur naturally. However, T-cell-mediated immunopathologic effects should be carefully monitored in developing and using universal influenza vaccines. C1 [Shanks, G. Dennis] Australian Army Malaria Res Inst, Enoggera, Qld, Australia. [Brundage, John F.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shanks, GD (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. EM dennis.shanks@defence.gov.au RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.3201/eid1802.102042 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 889MU UT WOS:000300078600001 PM 22306191 ER PT J AU McGuire, SA Marsh, RW Sowin, TW Robinson, AY AF McGuire, Stephen A. Marsh, Royden W. Sowin, Timothy W. Robinson, Andrew Y. TI Aeromedical Decision Making and Seizure Risk After Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Outcome SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE post-traumatic seizure markers; aeromedical waiver; neurocognitive impairment; neurologic deficit; sudden incapacitation ID UNPROVOKED SEIZURES; EPILEPSY AB MCGUIRE SA, MARSH RW, SOWIN TW, ROBINSON AY. Aeromedical decision making and seizure risk after traumatic brain injury: longitudinal outcome. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:140-3. Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in young adults and therefore of significant concern to an aircrew population. This paper reports the occurrences of seizures in U.S. Air Force (USAF) aircrew following receipt of an aeromedical waiver for TBI. Methods: Using both an aeromedical waiver tracking system database and medical records, we identified surrogate seizure markers such as all episodes of subsequent TBI, seizure, loss of consciousness, or prescription of anticonvulsant medications from the time of initial TBI until the last medical visit or entry recorded in either the database or medical records for our study population. Results: The seizure rate for aircrew who met USAF waiver criteria was 24.53/100,000 person-years. One pilot experienced a major motor seizure 14.9 yr following a severe TBI for an incidence of 308.64/100,000 person-years. Discussion: The USAF waiver process following TBI was sufficiently effective in removing aircrew with elevated risk for seizure following TBI. While our rates of post-traumatic seizure appear to be lower than previously published civilian population rates, direct comparison cannot be made secondary to differences in study design and selection criteria. Further areas of study could involve a more detailed analysis of aircrew neurocognitive status following TBI for subtle changes, crosschecking USAF Safety Center data for changes in accident rates among post-TBI aircrew, and analysis of lost aircrew flying time as a result of TBI and the degree of burden that loss places on the flying mission. Conclusion: Application of these stringent criteria is sufficient to fulfill aeromedical safety standards, but costs remain undetermined. C1 [McGuire, Stephen A.; Marsh, Royden W.; Sowin, Timothy W.; Robinson, Andrew Y.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGuire, SA (reprint author), 59MDW USAFSAM FECN, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,Rm 6B27, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM smcguire@satx.rr.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 83 IS 2 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3104.2012 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 880IF UT WOS:000299400100009 PM 22303594 ER PT J AU Molloy, JW Calcagno, CJ Williams, CD Jones, FJ Torres, DM Harrison, SA AF Molloy, Jeffrey W. Calcagno, Christopher J. Williams, Christopher D. Jones, Frances J. Torres, Dawn M. Harrison, Stephen A. TI Association of coffee and caffeine consumption with fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and degree of hepatic fibrosis SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; CIRRHOSIS; COMPONENTS; ENZYMES; PEROXIDATION; POPULATION; INHIBITION; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; CAFESTOL AB Coffee caffeine consumption (CC) is associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis C. The association of CC with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been established. The aim of this study was to correlate CC with the prevalence and severity of NAFLD. Patients involved in a previously published NAFLD prevalence study, as well as additional NASH patients identified in the Brooke Army Medical Center Hepatology clinic, were queried about their caffeine intake. A validated questionnaire for CC was utilized to assess for a relationship between caffeine and four groups: ultrasound negative (controls), bland steatosis/not-NASH, NASH stage 0-1, and NASH stage 2-4. A total of 306 patients responded to the CC questionnaire. Average milligrams of total caffeine/coffee CC per day in controls, bland steatosis/not-NASH, NASH stage 0-1, and NASH stage 2-4 were 307/228, 229/160, 351/255, and 252/152, respectively. When comparing patients with bland steatosis/not-NASH to those with NASH stage 0-1, there was a significant difference in CC between the two groups (P = 0.005). Additionally, when comparing patients with NASH stage 0-1 to those with NASH stage 2-4, there was a significant difference in coffee CC (P = 0.016). Spearman's rank correlation analysis further supported a negative relationship between coffee CC and hepatic fibrosis (r = -0.215; P = 0.035). Conclusion: Coffee CC is associated with a significant reduction in risk of fibrosis among NASH patients. (Hepatology 2012) C1 [Calcagno, Christopher J.; Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Molloy, Jeffrey W.; Williams, Christopher D.; Jones, Frances J.; Harrison, Stephen A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Torres, Dawn M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Stephen.Harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 32 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1002/hep.24731 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 883KM UT WOS:000299632900011 PM 21987293 ER PT J AU Chen, N Yan, ZY Gadouleau, M Wang, Y Suter, BW AF Chen, Ning Yan, Zhiyuan Gadouleau, Maximilien Wang, Ying Suter, Bruce W. TI Rank Metric Decoder Architectures for Random Linear Network Coding With Error Control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Constant-dimension codes (CDCs); decoding; error correction coding; Gabidulin codes; Galois fields; integrated circuits; Kotter-Kschischang (KK) codes; network coding; rank metric codes; subspace codes ID FINITE-FIELDS; CODES; POLYNOMIALS AB While random linear network coding is a powerful tool for disseminating information in communication networks, it is highly susceptible to errors caused by various sources. Due to error propagation, errors greatly deteriorate the throughput of network coding and seriously undermine both reliability and security of data. Hence, error control for network coding is vital. Recently, constant-dimension codes (CDCs), especially Kotter-Kschischang (KK) codes, have been proposed for error control in random linear network coding. KK codes can also be constructed from Gabidulin codes, an important class of rank metric codes. Rank metric decoders have been recently proposed for both Gabidulin and KK codes, but they have high computational complexities. Furthermore, it is not clear whether such decoders are feasible and suitable for hardware implementations. In this paper, we reduce the complexities of rank metric decoders and propose novel decoder architectures for both codes. The synthesis results of our decoder architectures for Gabidulin and KK codes with limited error-correcting capabilities over small fields show that our architectures not only are affordable, but also achieve high throughput. C1 [Chen, Ning] SandForce Inc, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA. [Yan, Zhiyuan] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Gadouleau, Maximilien] Univ London, Dept Comp Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Wang, Ying] QUALCOMM Inc, New Jersey Res Ctr, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, N (reprint author), SandForce Inc, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA. EM nchen@sandforce.com; yan@lehigh.edu; mgadouleau@eecs.qmul.ac.uk; aywang11@gmail.com; bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU Thales Communications, Inc.; Air Force Research Lab; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0925890] FX This work was supported in part by Thales Communications, Inc., a summer extension grant from Air Force Research Lab, and the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0925890. This paper was presented in part at the IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, Tampere, Finland, October2009. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-8210 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.1109/TVLSI.2010.2096239 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 884OS UT WOS:000299718000009 ER PT J AU Roche, KT Rivera, DE Cochran, JK AF Roche, Kevin T. Rivera, Daniel E. Cochran, Jeffery K. TI A control engineering framework for managing whole hospital occupancy SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hospitals; Dynamic modeling; Control; Decision policies ID SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; PREDICTIVE CONTROL; HEALTH-CARE; DEMAND; SYSTEM; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; METHODOLOGY AB As factors such as population growth, nation-wide closure of hospitals, and an aging population combine to strain the healthcare system of the United States (US), the demand for better resource and capacity planning increases. This paper proposes a five-step methodology to model and control whole hospital occupancy. The hospital system is viewed using a continuous-time, fluid tank analogy. The system is subsequently discretized and a framework using control theory and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to assist in tactical decision making, while maintaining occupancy targets. The result is a customizable modeling approach that represents interactions between different hospital areas, and interactions between the hospital and the outside world, or the population seeking hospital services. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roche, Kevin T.] Banner Hlth Corp, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. [Rivera, Daniel E.] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Control Syst Engn Lab, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cochran, Jeffery K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roche, KT (reprint author), Banner Hlth Corp, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. EM Kevin.Roche@bannerhealth.com; Daniel.Rivera@asu.edu; Jeffery.cochran@afit.edu RI 李, 涵/B-4995-2012 FU AHRQ [HS015921-01]; Banner Health FX We wish to thank leadership at Banner Health for their support and interest, to all of Management Engineering, James Broyles of the Health and Human Systems Laboratory at ASU, and Jay Schwartz of the Control Systems Engineering Laboratory at ASU. This work was funded by AHRQ under Partnership in Patient Safety grant #HS015921-01 whose PI is Twila Burdick of Banner Health. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3-4 BP 1401 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2011.10.018 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 870HN UT WOS:000298660000099 ER PT J AU Toussaint, WA Henney, CJ Harvey, JW AF Toussaint, W. A. Henney, C. J. Harvey, J. W. TI Stokes Profile Compression Applied to VSM Data SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation and data management; Magnetic fields, photosphere; Polarization, optical; Spectral line, intensity and diagnostics ID INVERSION; SOLIS AB The practical details of applying the Expansion in Hermite Functions (EHF) method to compression of full-disk full-Stokes solar spectroscopic data from the SOLIS/VSM instrument are discussed in this paper. The algorithm developed and discussed here preserves the 630.15 and 630.25 nm Fe i lines, along with the local continuum and telluric lines. This compression greatly reduces the amount of space required to store these data sets while maintaining the quality of the data, allowing these observations to be archived and made publicly available with limited bandwidth. Applying EHF to the full-Stokes profiles and saving the coefficient files with Rice compression reduces the disk space required to store these observations by a factor of 20, while maintaining the quality of the data and with a total compression time only 35% slower than the standard gzip (GNU zip) compression. C1 [Toussaint, W. A.; Harvey, J. W.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Henney, C. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Toussaint, WA (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM alext@noao.edu; jharvey@noao.edu FU NASA [NNH09AM111] FX We are grateful to Christoph Keller (Sterrenkundig Instituut, Utrecht University) for his suggestion to test the practicality of using the Expansion in Hermite Functions method with VSM data. The National Solar Observatory (NSO) data used for this work are produced cooperatively by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NSO. The NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under cooperative agreement with the NSF. This work was supported by NASA grant NNH09AM111. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9892-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 878YX UT WOS:000299295100025 ER PT J AU Wellems, LD Huang, DH AF Wellems, L. David Huang, Danhong TI Near-field light focusing by a slit array in a planar metal film with nonuniform slit dielectric material SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE; DIFFRACTION-LIMIT; TRANSMISSION; MICROSCOPY; SUPERLENS; LENSES AB We study the interference of evanescent electromagnetic waves generated from multi-slits in a metal film and demonstrate the anomalous bending of light at infrared frequencies due to negative refraction. We also calculate the diffraction of an incident plane electromagnetic waves by a metallic film with an arbitrary linear array of slits, slit separation, and slit dielectric material. In contrast to a double-convex shaped quartz lens, we show that a planar metallic film with a one-dimensional slit array can also focus polarized light in the near-field region when either the slit width or the slit dielectric material becomes spatially nonuniform. (C) 2012 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 [Wellems, L. David; Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wellems, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for its support. They would also like to thank Dr. Dave Cardimona for his critical reading of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 80 IS 2 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1119/1.3652700 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 880DY UT WOS:000299386200004 ER PT J AU Cobb, WE Laspe, ED Baldwin, RO Temple, MA Kim, YC AF Cobb, William E. Laspe, Eric D. Baldwin, Rusty O. Temple, Michael A. Kim, Yong C. TI Intrinsic Physical-Layer Authentication of Integrated Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Access control; authentication; authorization; cryptography; fingerprint recognition; radio-frequency identification; security AB Radio-frequency distinct native attribute (RF-DNA) fingerprinting is adapted as a physical-layer technique to improve the security of integrated circuit (IC)-based multifactor authentication systems. Device recognition tasks (both identification and verification) are accomplished by passively monitoring and exploiting the intrinsic features of an IC's unintentional RF emissions without requiring any modification to the device being analyzed. Device discrimination is achieved using RF-DNA fingerprints comprised of higher order statistical features based on instantaneous amplitude, phase, and frequency responses as a device executes a sequence of operations. The recognition system is trained using multiple discriminant analysis to reduce data dimensionality while retaining class separability, and the resultant fingerprints are classified using a linear Bayesian classifier. Demonstrated identification and verification performance includes average identification accuracy of greater than 99.5% and equal error rates of less than 0.05% for 40 near-identical devices. Depending on the level of required classification accuracy, RF-DNA fingerprint-based authentication is well-suited for implementation as a countermeasure to device cloning, and is promising for use in a wide variety of related security problems. C1 [Cobb, William E.; Laspe, Eric D.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Temple, Michael A.; Kim, Yong C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rusty.Baldwin@afit.edu FU Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) Program Office FX Manuscript received December 15, 2010; revised April 20, 2011; accepted June 01, 2011. Date of publication June 20, 2011; date of current version January 13, 2012. This work was supported by the Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) Program Office. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not reflect official policy of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Kouichi Itoh. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 SI SI BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2160170 PN 1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 880WA UT WOS:000299438100003 ER PT J AU Hoopes, DJ Kaziska, D Chapin, P Weed, D Smith, BD Hale, ER Johnstone, PA AF Hoopes, David J. Kaziska, David Chapin, Patrick Weed, Daniel Smith, Benjamin D. Hale, E. Ronald Johnstone, Peter A. TI PATIENT PREFERENCES AND PHYSICIAN PRACTICE PATTERNS REGARDING BREAST RADIOTHERAPY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Patient preference; Partial breast irradiation; Hypofractionation; Practice patterns; Breast cancer ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CONSERVING SURGERY; UK STANDARDIZATION; CANCER; IRRADIATION; HYPOFRACTIONATION; LUMPECTOMY; MASTECTOMY; WOMEN AB Purpose: There are multiple current strategies for breast radiotherapy (RT). The alignment of physician practice patterns with best evidence and patient preferences will enhance patient autonomy and improve cancer care. However, there is little information describing patient preferences for breast RT and physician practice patterns. Methods and Materials: Using a reliable and valid instrument, we assessed the preferences of 5,000 randomly selected women (with or without cancer) undergoing mammography. To assess practice patterns, 2,150 randomly selected physician-members of American Society for Radiation Oncology were surveyed. Results: A total of 1,807 women (36%) and 363 physicians (17%) provided usable responses. The 95% confidence interval is < +/- 2.3% for patients and < +/- 5.3% for physicians. Patient preferences were hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) 62%, partial breast irradiation (PBI) 28%, and conventionally fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) 10%. By comparison, 82% of physicians use CF-WBI for more than 2/3 of women and 56% never use HF-WBI. With respect to PBI, 62% of women preferred three-dimensional (3D)-PBI and 38% favor brachytherapy-PBI, whereas 36% of physicians offer 3D-PBI and 66% offer brachytherapy-PBI. 70% of women prefer once-daily RT over 10 days vs. twice-daily RT over 5 days. 55% of physicians who use PBI do not offer PBI on clinical trial. Conclusions: HF-WBI, while preferred by patients and supported by evidence, falls behind the unproven and less preferred strategy of PBI in clinical practice. There is a discrepancy between women's preferences for PBI modality and type of PBI offered by physicians. Further alignment is needed between practice patterns, patient preferences, and clinical evidence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hoopes, David J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kaziska, David; Chapin, Patrick] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Johnstone, Peter A.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Weed, Daniel] Methodist Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hale, E. Ronald] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hoopes, DJ (reprint author), Dept Radiat Oncol, 88 MDOS SGOMR,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.hoopes@wpafb.af.mil OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU Directorate for Modernization, Office of the Air Force Surgeon General FX This project was supported by funds from the Directorate for Modernization, Office of the Air Force Surgeon General. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 82 IS 2 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.11.077 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 878FC UT WOS:000299239900035 PM 21277106 ER PT J AU Haverhals, LM Sulpizio, HM Fayos, ZA Trulove, MA Reichert, WM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Sulpizio, Hadley M. Fayos, Zane A. Trulove, Matthew A. Reichert, W. Matthew Foley, Matthew P. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Process variables that control natural fiber welding: time, temperature, and amount of ionic liquid SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose dissolution; Cellulose fiber; Composite; Ionic liquid; Partial dissolution ID ALL-CELLULOSE COMPOSITES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; IR AB A systematic study of variables that affect the fiber welding process is presented. Cotton cloth samples are treated with controlled amounts of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for a series of times and temperatures. Diluting the ionic liquid with a volatile molecular co-solvent allows temporal and spatial control of the welding process not possible with neat ionic liquids. Materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical (tensile) testing. Results suggest careful management of process variables permits controlled, reproducible manipulation of chemical and physical properties. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Sulpizio, Hadley M.; Fayos, Zane A.; Trulove, Matthew A.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Foley, Matthew P.; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and US Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Air Force or the US Navy. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9605-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 874YN UT WOS:000298994600002 ER PT J AU Funke, GJ Knott, BA Salas, E Pavlas, D Strang, AJ AF Funke, Gregory J. Knott, Benjamin A. Salas, Eduardo Pavlas, Davin Strang, Adam J. TI Conceptualization and Measurement of Team Workload: A Critical Need SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE team workload; measurement; subjective measures; performance measures; physiological measures; strategy shift measures ID PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPLIANCE; MENTAL MODELS; PERFORMANCE; COORDINATION; COMPLEX; AGGREGATION; DESIGN; ISSUES AB Objective: The purpose of this article is to present and expand on current theories and measurement techniques for assessing team workload. Background: To date, little research has been conducted on the workload experienced by teams. A validated theory describing team workload, which includes an account of its relation to individual workload, has not been articulated. Method: The authors review several theoretical approaches to team workload. Within the team research literature, attempts to evaluate team workload have typically relied on measures of individual workload. This assumes that such measures retain their validity at the team level of measurement, but empirical research suggests that this method may lack sensitivity to the drivers of team workload. Results: On the basis of these reviews, the authors advance suggestions concerning a comprehensive theory of team workload and methods for assessing it in team settings. The approaches reviewed include subjective, performance, physiological, and strategy shift measures. Theoretical and statistical difficulties associated with aggregating individual-level workload responses to a team-level measure are discussed. Conclusion: Conception and measurement of team workload have not significantly matured alongside developments in individual workload. Application: Team workload remains a complex research area without simple measurement solutions, but as a research domain it remains open for contributions from interested and enterprising researchers. C1 [Funke, Gregory J.; Knott, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salas, Eduardo] Univ Cent Florida, Human Syst Integrat Res Dept, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Pavlas, Davin] Univ Cent Florida, Appl Expt & Human Factors Psychol Doctoral Progra, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Strang, Adam J.] Consortium Res Fellows Program, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Funke, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Funke@wpafb.af.mil NR 89 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FEB PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1177/0018720811427901 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 878YB UT WOS:000299292200004 PM 22409101 ER PT J AU Lyons, JB Stokes, CK AF Lyons, Joseph B. Stokes, Charlene K. TI Human-Human Reliance in the Context of Automation SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE human-human reliance; trust in automation; vulnerability; risk perceptions ID DECISION-MAKING; TRUST; PERFORMANCE; TASK; AIDS; TRUSTWORTHINESS; SYSTEM; TEAMS AB Objective: The current study examined human-human reliance during a computer-based scenario where participants interacted with a human aid and an automated tool simultaneously. Background: Reliance on others is complex, and few studies have examined human-human reliance in the context of automation. Past research found that humans are biased in their perceived utility of automated tools such that they view them as more accurate than humans. Prior reviews have postulated differences in human-human versus human-machine reliance, yet few studies have examined such reliance when individuals are presented with divergent information from different sources. Method: Participants (N = 40) engaged in the Convoy Leader experiment. They selected a convoy route based on explicit guidance from a human aid and information from an automated map. Subjective and behavioral human-human reliance indices were assessed. Perceptions of risk were manipulated by creating three scenarios (low, moderate, and high) that varied in the amount of vulnerability (i.e., potential for attack) associated with the convoy routes. Results: Results indicated that participants reduced their behavioral reliance on the human aid when faced with higher risk decisions (suggesting increased reliance on the automation); however, there were no reported differences in intentions to rely on the human aid relative to the automation. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that when individuals are provided information from both a human aid and automation, their reliance on the human aid decreased during high-risk decisions. Application: This study adds to a growing understanding of the biases and preferences that exist during complex human-human and human-machine interactions. C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 875 N Randolph St,Suite 325, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Joseph.lyons@afosr.af.mil NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FEB PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1177/0018720811427034 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 878YB UT WOS:000299292200009 PM 22409106 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JB Ganguly, BN AF Schmidt, Jacob B. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Point-to-plane pulsed discharge initiated flame structure modification in propane-air flame SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-ASSISTED COMBUSTION; IGNITION; METHANE; STABILIZATION; OXIDATION; MIXTURES; FLOW; JET AB The effect of a point-to-plane pulsed discharge on a propane/air flame has been investigated by phase-locked simultaneous measurements of the change in gas temperature and OH planar laser-induced-fluorescence (PLIF). Phase-locked simultaneous measurement of gas temperature through spontaneous Raman scattering and OH PLIF with the variation of pulsed plasma energy and plasma generation location with respect to the flame holder and flame reaction zone have been performed. A fast rise time (15 ns) and a slower rise time (150 ns) high voltage pulsers are used to produce OH radical densities 50% greater than the ambient flame produced OH radicals in both lean and rich premixed flames. The excess OH radical densities were found to decay to the 50% level with time constants greater than 100 mu s in the burnt gas regions with gas temperatures greater than 1000 K. The flame perturbation was dependent on the pulse repetition rates as well as on the pulse rise time for similar energy deposition per pulse. A laser photo-deflection measurement of acoustic pressure pulse generation by the pulsed discharge suggests that flame perturbation by the downstream plasma is caused mostly by flow perturbation. C1 [Schmidt, Jacob B.] Spectral Energies Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, JB (reprint author), Spectral Energies Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 4 AR 045203 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/45/4/045203 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 879JE UT WOS:000299324700008 ER PT J AU Rolling, AJ Byerley, AR Wisniewski, CF AF Rolling, August J. Byerley, Aaron R. Wisniewski, Charles F. TI Integrating Systems Engineering Into the USAF Academy Capstone Gas Turbine Engine Course SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE Systems Engineering Integration Gas Turbine Engine Design Capstone; USAF Academy AB This paper is intended to serve as a template for incorporating technical management majors into a traditional engineering design course. In 2002, the Secretary of the Air Force encouraged the United States Air Force (USAF) Academy to initiate a new interdisciplinary academic major related to systems engineering. This direction was given in an effort to help meet the Air Force's growing need for "systems" minded officers to manage the development and acquisition of its ever more complex weapons systems. The curriculum for the new systems engineering management (SEM) major is related to the "engineering of large, complex systems and the integration of the many subsystems that comprise the larger system" and differs in the level of technical content from the traditional engineering major. The program allows emphasis in specific cadet-selected engineering tracks with additional course work in human systems, operations research, and program management. Specifically, this paper documents how individual SEM majors have been integrated into aeronautical engineering design teams within a senior level capstone course to complete the preliminary design of a gas turbine engine. As the Aeronautical Engineering (AE) cadets performed the detailed engine design, the SEM cadets were responsible for tracking performance, cost, schedule, and technical risk. Internal and external student assessments indicate that this integration has been successful at exposing both the AE majors and the SEM majors to the benefits of "systems thinking" by giving all the opportunity to employ SE tools in the context of a realistic aircraft engine design project. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004397] C1 [Rolling, August J.; Byerley, Aaron R.; Wisniewski, Charles F.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFAN, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rolling, AJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFAN, 2410 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI 李, 涵/B-4995-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2012 VL 134 IS 2 AR 021601 DI 10.1115/1.4004397 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 868RB UT WOS:000298540500005 ER PT J AU Wertz, J Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Wertz, John Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles TI An Energy-Based Axial Isothermal-Mechanical Fatigue Lifing Procedure SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An energy-based fatigue lifing procedure for the determination of full-life and critical-life of in-service structures subjected to axial isothermal-mechanical fatigue (IMF) has been developed. The foundation of this procedure is the energy-based axial room-temperature fatigue model, which states: the total strain energy density accumulated during both a monotonic fracture event and a fatigue process is the same material property. The energy-based axial IMF lifing framework is composed of the following entities: (1) the development of an axial IMF testing capability; (2) the creation of a testing procedure capable of assessing the strain energy accrued during both a monotonic fracture process and a fatigue process at various elevated temperatures; and (3), the incorporation of the effect of temperature into the axial fatigue lifing model. Both an axial IMF capability and a detailed testing procedure were created. The axial IMF capability was employed in conjunction with the monotonic fracture curve testing procedure to produce fifteen fracture curves at four operating temperatures. The strain energy densities for these fracture curves were compared, leading to the assumption of constant monotonic fracture energy at operating temperatures below the creep activation temperature. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004394] C1 [Wertz, John; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI) FX The authors would like to thank the Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI) for their financial support of these endeavors. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), specifically the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF), for facility and equipment access and encouragement of this research. Special thanks to both Mr. Phil Johnson and Ms. Angela Still, whose support in the development of the IMF capability was critical. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2012 VL 134 IS 2 AR 024502 DI 10.1115/1.4004394 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 868RB UT WOS:000298540500019 ER PT J AU Dick, AJ Phan, QM Foley, JR Spanos, PD AF Dick, Andrew J. Phan, Quan M. Foley, Jason R. Spanos, Pot D. TI Calculating scaling function coefficients from system response data for new discrete wavelet families SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Discrete wavelets; Impulse response; Signal analysis ID SIGNAL; REPRESENTATION; MULTIRESOLUTION; TRANSFORM AB In this paper, a formula derived from the wavelet dilation equation is presented as a means to calculate scaling function coefficient values for arbitrary waveforms. The performance of this formula is assessed by analyzing the scaling functions of multiple Daubechies wavelets. With the goal of developing new discrete wavelet families that possess the characteristics of a specific system, the formula is applied to analytical and experimental response data. The relationship between the number of coefficients and their ability to successfully capture the features of the signal is studied. Further, a technique is developed for determining the requisite number of coefficients when applying the formula. This formula may serve as the foundation for the development of new families of discrete wavelets which can be based on the nominal characteristics of a given system for use in signal processing and model discretization applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, Andrew J.; Phan, Quan M.; Spanos, Pot D.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Foley, Jason R.] USAF, Fuzes Branch, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Dick, AJ (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM andrew.j.dick@rice.edu OI Dick, Andrew/0000-0002-7075-5156 FU AFOSR [FA8651-10-2-0006]; AFRL [FA8651-10-2-0006] FX The authors would like to thank AFOSR and AFRL for the support of this research effort in the form of the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program and Cooperative Agreement No. FA8651-10-2-0006. The Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training is thanked for supporting QP. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.09.015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 873FA UT WOS:000298865300003 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Varshney, V Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Sihn, Sangwook Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI Prediction of 3D elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios of pillared graphene nanostructures SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NETWORK; ARCHITECTURES; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; ELEMENT AB A computational finite element analysis based on a structural molecular mechanics approach was conducted to predict effective mechanical stiffness properties of a novel 3D carbon structure, pillared graphene structure (PGS), which is constituted with several graphene sheets and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Four sets of representative unitcell models were developed atomistically for predicting the mechanical properties of PGSs having different values of pillar length and inter-pillar distance. We introduced proper selections of the periodic geometry and boundary conditions which enabled our unitcell model to yield consistent results on the property prediction without any size or edge effects. The parametric study shows that the pillar length and inter-pillar distance significantly affect the effective in-plane and through-thickness properties. PGSs with shorter pillars in height yield higher planar Young's and shear moduli, while those with smaller interpillar distance yield higher through-thickness moduli. Negative in-plane Poisson's ratios are observed for all sets of PGSs and are associated with the curvature at the junction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sihn, Sangwook] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymer Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sihn, Sangwook; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymer Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@alumni.stanford.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-D-5050, FA8650-07-D-5800-20]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was financially supported by US Air Force Research Laboratory with Contract Nos. FA8650-05-D-5050 and FA8650-07-D-5800-20 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors also thank Dr. G. Froudakis for providing initial structures for the pillared-graphene systems. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 853AD UT WOS:000297397700030 ER PT J AU Kota, K Chow, L Leland, Q AF Kota, Krishna Chow, Louis Leland, Quinn TI Laminar film condensation driven latent thermal energy storage in rectangular containers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Film condensation; Phase change material; Thermal energy storage; Porous foam; Melting; Low temperature waste heat recovery ID PHASE-CHANGE; NATURAL-CONVECTION; VERTICAL PLATE; POROUS-MEDIA; DESIGN AB This paper focuses on numerically analyzing the thermal transport phenomena in the transient conjugate problem of melting and laminar film condensation. The key focus is to identify an optimum container aspect ratio/shape and conditions for which the heat storage time and the storage capacity are minimum and maximum respectively. Since most solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) suffer from poor thermal conductivities, the major resistance to heat transfer comes from PCM. Hence, high thermal conductivity, low-cost metal foam is suggested for use along with PCM to minimize this resistance. The conjugate transient problem of film condensation driven solid-liquid phase change of PCM impregnated inside porous metal foam is numerically analyzed. An effective heat capacity formulation is employed for modeling the transient PCM phase change in porous foam and is solved using finite element method. It is coupled with laminar film condensation on the outside of the storage container. The model is then used for selecting the best aspect ratio for thermal energy storage (TES) containers that enables to store comparatively the maximum heat. The results of the developed model showed that the major resistance to heat transfer and hence efficient thermal energy storage depends strongly on the aspect ratio of the PCM storage containers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kota, Krishna] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chow, Louis] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Leland, Quinn] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Energy Power Thermal Div, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kota, K (reprint author), Alcatel Lucent, Bell Labs, Mt Ave,Room 1D-347, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM Krishna.Kota@alcatel-lucent.com; Louis.Chow@ucf.edu; Quinn.Leland@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.09.036 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 895BC UT WOS:000300470200071 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Medhi, G Shahzad, M Rezadad, I Maukonen, D Peale, RE Boreman, GD Wentzell, S Buchwald, WR AF Cleary, Justin W. Medhi, Gautam Shahzad, Monas Rezadad, Imen Maukonen, Doug Peale, Robert E. Boreman, Glenn D. Wentzell, Sandy Buchwald, Walter R. TI Infrared surface polaritons on antimony SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DOPED SILICON; THIN-FILMS; SILICIDES AB The semimetal antimony, with a plasma frequency similar to 80 times less than that of gold, is potentially useful as a host for infrared surface polaritons (SPs). Relevant IR SP properties, including the frequency-dependent propagation length and penetration depths for fields into the media on either side of the interface, were determined from optical constants measured on optically-thick thermally-evaporated Sb films over the wavelength range 1 to 40 mu m. Plasma and carrier relaxation frequencies were determined from Drude-model fits to these data. The real part of the permittivity is negative for wavelengths beyond 11 mu m. Distinct resonant decreases in specular reflected intensity were observed for Sb lamellar gratings in the wavelength range of 6 to 11 mu m, where the real part of the permittivity is positive. Both resonance angles and the angular reflectance spectral line shapes are in agreement with theory for excitation of bound surface electromagnetic waves (SPs). Finite element method (FEM) electrodynamic simulations indicate the existence of SP modes under conditions matching the experiments. FEM results also show that such waves depend on having a significant imaginary part of the permittivity, as has been noted earlier for the case of surface exciton polaritons. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, Justin W.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Medhi, Gautam; Shahzad, Monas; Rezadad, Imen; Maukonen, Doug; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Boreman, Glenn D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Wentzell, Sandy; Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary@WPAFB.af.mil FU AFOSR (Gernot Pomrenke PM) LRIR [09RY09COR, FA95501010030]; NSF SBIR [IIP-0944520] FX Support for this work is provided in part by AFOSR (Gernot Pomrenke PM) LRIR award number 09RY09COR and Grant FA95501010030 as well as by an NSF SBIR Phase I award IIP-0944520. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 30 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 2693 EP 2705 DI 10.1364/OE.20.002693 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 895ME UT WOS:000300499500075 PM 22330506 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, AV Shaysultanov, DG Stepanov, ND Salishchev, GA Senkov, ON AF Kuznetsov, A. V. Shaysultanov, D. G. Stepanov, N. D. Salishchev, G. A. Senkov, O. N. TI Tensile properties of an AlCrCuNiFeCo high-entropy alloy in as-cast and wrought conditions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Electron microscopy; Mechanical characterization; High entropy alloy; Thermomechanical processing; Grain refinement; Plasticity ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUBMICROCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE; MULTIPRINCIPAL ELEMENTS; COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; AL0.5COCRCUFENI; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIORS; SYSTEM AB Extensive multistep forging at 950 degrees C was applied to the cast AlCuCrFeNiCo high-entropy alloy to transform the cast coarse dendritic structure into a fine equiaxed duplex structure consisting of the mixture of BCC and FCC phases, with the average grain/particle size of similar to 1.5 +/- 0.9 mu m. Tensile properties of the alloy in the as-cast and forged conditions were determined in the temperature range of 20-1000 degrees C. The hot forged alloy was stronger and more ductile during testing at room temperature, than the as-cast alloy. The yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and tensile ductility (delta) of the forged condition were 1040 MPa, 1170 MPa, and 1%, respectively, against 790 MPa, 790 MPa and 0.2% for the as-cast condition. In both conditions, the alloy showed brittle to ductile transition (BDT), with a noticeable increase in the tensile ductility within a narrow temperature range. In the as-cast condition, this transition occurred between 700 and 800 degrees C, while in the forged condition, it was observed between 600 and 700 degrees C. With an increase in the testing temperature above the BDT, a continuous decrease in tensile flow stress and an increase in tensile ductility were observed. In the temperature range of 800-1000 degrees C, the forged alloy showed superplastic behavior. The tensile elongation was above 400% and reached 860% at 1000 degrees C. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuznetsov, A. V.; Shaysultanov, D. G.; Stepanov, N. D.; Salishchev, G. A.] Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Senkov, O. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Senkov, O. N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Kuznetsov, AV (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM kuznetsov@bsu.edu.ru RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; Kuznetsov, Andrey/E-9933-2014; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; Stepanov, Nikita/D-6279-2015 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; Stepanov, Nikita/0000-0003-2476-3953 FU Ministry of Science and Education of Russian Federation [02.740.11.5184] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Education of Russian Federation, grant no. 02.740.11.5184. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 15 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2012 VL 533 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.045 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 891GS UT WOS:000300205800015 ER PT J AU Buchwald, WR Cleary, JW Hendrickson, J AF Buchwald, Walter R. Cleary, Justin W. Hendrickson, Joshua TI Surface depletion mediated control of inter-sub-band absorption in GaAs/AlAs semiconductor quantum well systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; conduction bands; electron gas; etching; Fourier transform spectra; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; semiconductor quantum wells; transmission electron microscopy AB The modification of quantum well inter-sub-band absorption properties due to surface depletion induced band bending is reported. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements of a GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well system reveal a reduction in the characteristic absorption resonance in correlation with wet chemical etching. High resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of the quantum wells after etching, suggesting the quantum wells are positioned within the surface depletion region of the structure. This method of inter-sub-band absorption modification could be used for the formation of quantum dots from a quantum well system with the precise, deterministic control of their location.(C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3680232] C1 [Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.; Hendrickson, Joshua] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. EM walter.buchwald@solidstatescientific.com FU AFOSR LRIR [09RY08COR] FX Support for this work is provided by AFOSR LRIR award number 09RY08COR (Gernot Pomrenke, PM). NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 5 AR 051110 DI 10.1063/1.3680232 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 889HW UT WOS:000300065300010 ER PT J AU Polizos, G Tuncer, E Agapov, AL Stevens, D Sokolov, AP Kidder, MK Jacobs, JD Koerner, H Vaia, RA More, KL Sauers, I AF Polizos, G. Tuncer, E. Agapov, A. L. Stevens, D. Sokolov, A. P. Kidder, M. K. Jacobs, J. D. Koerner, H. Vaia, R. A. More, K. L. Sauers, I. TI Effect of polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the glass transition dynamics and the conductivity mechanism in polyurethane titanium dioxide nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Dynamics; Conductivity ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERBRANCHED POLYESTER; RELAXATION PROCESSES; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FORMING LIQUIDS AB We report on the glass transition dynamics and the conductivity properties of a nanodielectric system composed of pre-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in thermoplastic polyurethane. Increase of TiO2 loading results in enhanced segmental mobility of the composites and less steep temperature dependence, i.e., lower fragility index. The decrease in the fragility index and glass transition temperature is discussed based on the FTIR results. We observe different behavior of conductivity for temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature. At high temperatures the composites exhibit conductivity values more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the pristine matrix. At the same time, at sub-T-g temperatures composites are characterized by superior electrical insulation properties compared to pristine matrix material. Such drastic temperature dependence of the conductivity/insulating ability of the flexible and light-weight, low-T-g composite material can be utilized in various applications including sensing and temperature switching materials. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polizos, G.; Tuncer, E.; Agapov, A. L.; Stevens, D.; Sokolov, A. P.; Kidder, M. K.; More, K. L.; Sauers, I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jacobs, J. D.; Koerner, H.; Vaia, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tuncer, E.] GE Global Res Ctr, Dielect & Electrophys Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Polizos, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM polyzosg@ornl.gov RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, and in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. DS and APS thank Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences for the financial support. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 97 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.050 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 883BK UT WOS:000299607400039 ER PT J AU Anderson, KD Young, SL Jiang, H Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Anderson, Kyle D. Young, Seth L. Jiang, Hao Jakubiak, Rachel Bunning, Timothy J. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Plasma-Enhanced Copolymerization of Amino Acid and Synthetic Monomers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOCOMPOSITE THIN-FILMS; POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE); BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERIZED FILMS; PEPTIDE NANOTUBES; PHOTONIC FILMS AB In this paper we report the use of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the simultaneous deposition and copolymerization of an amino acid with other organic and inorganic monomers. We investigate the fundamental effects of plasma-enhanced copolymerization on different material chemistries in stable ultrathin coatings of mixed composition with an amino acid component. This study serves to determine the feasibility of a direct, facile method for integrating biocompatible/active materials into robust polymerized coatings with the ability to plasma copolymerize a biological molecule (L-tyrosine) with different synthetic materials in a dry, one-step process to form ultrathin coatings of mixed composition. This process may lead to a method of interfacing biologic systems with synthetic materials as a way to enhance the biomaterial tissue interface and preserve biological activity within composite films. C1 [Anderson, Kyle D.; Young, Seth L.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jiang, Hao; Jakubiak, Rachel; Bunning, Timothy J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Department of Defense; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0446, FA9550-09-1-0162]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense (Doll) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) program. This research is also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants FA9550-08-1-0446 and FA9550-09-1-0162), as well as the Air Force Research Laboratory. We also thank R. Blake Weber for technical assistance. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 1833 EP 1845 DI 10.1021/la204416h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 879XP UT WOS:000299366500022 PM 22176716 ER PT J AU Liu, J Choi, H Kim, JY Bailey, C Durstock, M Dai, LM AF Liu, Jun Choi, Hyosung Kim, Jin Young Bailey, Chris Durstock, Michael Dai, Liming TI Highly Crystalline and Low Bandgap Donor Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polymer solar cells; conjugated polymers; crystallinity; coplanar configuration; high-temperature solution processing ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; SIDE-CHAINS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; DERIVATIVES; COPOLYMERS; ATOM AB A highly crystalline and low bandgap donor polymer, EI-PFDTBT, is developed by inserting ethylene bridging units to ensure a coplanar configuration between the side chains and the main chain. Polymer solar cells based on the EI-PFDTBT and PC(71)BM blends spincoated at elevated temperatures exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 5.1%. C1 [Liu, Jun; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Case Sch Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Choi, Hyosung; Kim, Jin Young] UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Bailey, Chris; Durstock, Michael] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Case Sch Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM liming.dai@case.edu RI Kim, Jin Young/E-6152-2010; Choi, Hyosung /G-5255-2013; HYOSUNG, CHOI/P-2212-2015 OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0002-6595-4468; Choi, Hyosung /0000-0003-0382-2467; FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0331]; World Class University (WCU); National Research Foundation; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea through UNIST; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFB30380]; Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology [2009C13019]; Zhejiang Department of Education [Y200906587] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support from AFOSR (FA9550-09-1-0331), the World Class University (WCU) program supported by National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea through UNIST, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009DFB30380), the Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology (2009C13019), and the Zhejiang Department of Education (Y200906587). J.L. thanks Dr. Ina Martin and Dr. Yuhua Xue for technical support. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 538 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201103623 PN 20 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 877DF UT WOS:000299156400014 PM 22213125 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Pennell, KD Abriola, LM AF Christ, John A. Pennell, Kurt D. Abriola, Linda M. TI Quantification of experimental subsurface fluid saturations from high-resolution source zone images SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; DNAPL SOURCE ZONES; MASS-REMOVAL; PORE-SCALE; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; REMEDIATION; FIELD; FLOW; VISUALIZATION AB Laboratory-scale aquifer cells are commonly used to investigate processes governing contaminant fate and transport in heterogeneous subsurface systems. In recent years, dramatic improvements in image processing methods have led to increasingly refined image resolution in these experiments. With these enhanced imagining methodologies, system parameters, such as nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturation, can now be quantified at the submillimeter scale. This fine level of resolution, however, is generally inconsistent with the typical scale of a representative elementary volume (REV), the averaging volume associated with property evaluation in continuum-based flow and transport models. Such inconsistency of scales calls into question the practice of directly comparing laboratory observations with continuum-based model simulations. This work explores the application of alternative approaches to image data processing for characterization of NAPL source zone architecture in aquifer cells and examines the implications of data processing on the interpretation of experimental-model comparisons. The utility of two alternative upscaling methods, a continuity-equation based (CB) and discrete-block based (DBB) approach are considered. Examination of the stability of point averages of saturation demonstrates that a REV length scale can be defined as similar to 30 x d(50) for the thickness-averaged, two-dimensional aquifer cell experiments examined. Quantification of upscaled source zone metrics, including the average saturation, the second spatial moment in the vertical direction, and the ganglia-to-pool (GTP) mass ratio reveals that the GTP is strongly sensitive to observation scale. Use of GTP values computed from upscaled images is shown to improve mathematical model predictions of experimental effluent concentrations by nearly 50%. C1 [Pennell, Kurt D.; Abriola, Linda M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1612, W91HQ-08-C-0003] FX This research was sponsored by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Project ER-1612 (contract W91HQ-08-C-0003). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the sponsoring agency. The authors gratefully acknowledge the experimental efforts of Eric Suchomel and Doug Walker, who aided with data collection and analysis. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 20 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W01517 DI 10.1029/2011WR010400 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 880DU UT WOS:000299385700002 ER PT J AU Ramezani, H Kottos, T Kovanis, V Christodoulides, DN AF Ramezani, Hamidreza Kottos, Tsampikos Kovanis, Vassilios Christodoulides, Demetrios N. TI Exceptional-point dynamics in photonic honeycomb lattices with PT symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NON-HERMITIAN HAMILTONIANS; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; CONICAL DIFFRACTION; PSEUDO-HERMITICITY; REAL SPECTRA; PT-SYMMETRY; LASERS; OPTICS AB We theoretically investigate the flow of electromagnetic waves in complex honeycomb photonic lattices with local PT symmetries. Such PT structure is introduced via a judicious arrangement of gain and loss across the honeycomb lattice, characterized by a gain and loss parameter gamma. We found a class of conical diffraction phenomena where the formed cone is brighter and travels along the lattice with a transverse speed proportional to root gamma. C1 [Ramezani, Hamidreza; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Kottos, Tsampikos] MPI Dynam & Self Org, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt Photon CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Ramezani, H (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. FU AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0433, FA 9550-10-1-0561]; NSF [ECCS-1128571]; AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR] FX T.K. and H.R. acknowledge support by a AFOSR No. FA 9550-10-1-0433 grant, NSF ECCS-1128571 grant and D.N.C. acknowledges a AFOSR No. FA 9550-10-1-0561 grant. V.K.'s work was supported via AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 AR 013818 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.013818 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 878NP UT WOS:000299264100012 ER PT J AU Deneault, JR Xiao, XY Kang, TS Wang, JS Wai, CM Brown, GJ Durstock, MF AF Deneault, James R. Xiao, Xiaoyin Kang, Tae-Sik Wang, Joanna S. Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. Durstock, Michael F. TI Free-Standing Arrays of Isolated TiO2 Nanotubes through Supercritical Fluid Drying SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE infiltration; nanotubes; supercritical fluids; template synthesis; titanium dioxide ID METHANOL OXIDATION; TITANIA NANOTUBES; ANODIC ALUMINA; POROUS ALUMINA; ACID; FABRICATION; SYSTEM AB A common complication in fabricating arrays of TiO2 nanotubes is that they agglomerate into tightly packed bundles during the inevitable solvent evaporation step. This problem is particularly acute for template-fabricated TiO2 nanotubes, as the geometric tunability of this technique enables relatively large inter-pore spacings or, from another perspective, more space for lateral displacement. Our work showed that agglomeration results from the surface tension forces that are present as the ambient solvent is evaporated from the nanotube film. Herein, we report a processing and fabrication approach that utilizes supercritical fluid drying (CO2) to prepare arrays of template-fabricated TiO2 nanotubes that are free-standing and spatially isolated. This approach could be beneficial to many emerging technologies, such as solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and vertically-oriented carbon nanotube electrodes. C1 [Deneault, James R.; Xiao, Xiaoyin; Kang, Tae-Sik; Wang, Joanna S.; Brown, Gail J.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Deneault, James R.; Kang, Tae-Sik] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wang, Joanna S.; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.durstock@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFRL [DURI-FA8650-06-D-5401] FX This work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Support of AFRL (DURI-FA8650-06-D-5401) for JSW and CMW is acknowledged. Dr. Hilmar Koerner (UES Inc., Dayton OH) is gratefully acknowledged for his assistance in obtaining XRD spectra. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JAN 16 PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1002/cphc.201100633 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 873WG UT WOS:000298913500033 PM 22147515 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Sridhara, V Jogai, B Shah, P del Rosario, RD AF Joshi, R. P. Sridhara, V. Jogai, B. Shah, P. del Rosario, R. D. TI Analysis of dislocation scattering on electron mobility in GaN high electron mobility transistors (vol 93, pg 10046, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Joshi, R. P.; Sridhara, V.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Jogai, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jogai, B.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Shah, P.; del Rosario, R. D.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Joshi, RP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rjoshi@odu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 2 AR 029901 DI 10.1063/1.3679426 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 885PX UT WOS:000299792400110 ER PT J AU Luo, H Segawa, H Visbal, MR AF Luo, Hong Segawa, Hidehiro Visbal, Miguel R. TI An implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Discontinuous Galerkin methods; Implicit methods; Compressible Navier-Stokes equations ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; ARBITRARY GRIDS; EULER EQUATIONS; FLOWS; ACCURATE; SCHEME AB A high-order implicit discontinuous Galerkin method is developed for the time-accurate solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The spatial discretization is carried out using a high order discontinuous Galerkin method, where polynomial solutions are represented using a Taylor basis. A second order implicit method is applied for temporal discretization to the resulting ordinary differential equations. The resulting non-linear system of equations is solved at each time step using a pseudo-time marching approach. A newly developed fast, p-multigrid is then used to obtain the steady state solution to the pseudo-time system. The developed method is applied to compute a variety of unsteady subsonic viscous flow problems. The numerical results obtained indicate that the use of this implicit method leads to significant improvements in performance over its explicit counterpart, while without significant increase in memory requirements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luo, Hong; Segawa, Hidehiro] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luo, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hong_luo@ncsu.edu RI Luo, Hong/A-9133-2011 FU Air Force Summer faculty Fellowship Program FX The first author would like to acknowledge the partial support for this work provided by the Air Force Summer faculty Fellowship Program, while he was in residence at Computational Sciences Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 53 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.10.009 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 869UX UT WOS:000298624800009 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI Photomechanical mechanism and structure-property considerations in the generation of photomechanical work in glassy, azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-INDUCED ORIENTATION; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; NEMATIC ELASTICA; SIDE-CHAIN; FILMS; PHOTODRIVEN; ACTUATORS; POLYIMIDE; BEHAVIOR; ISOMERIZATION AB Azobenzene-functionalized polymeric materials have proven capable of shape adaptive responses when irradiated with light. This work focuses on isolating the fundamental differences between the photogenerated mechanical output of glassy, polydomain azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) upon exposure to either UV and blue-green irradiation. Profound differences in the fundamental photochemical mechanism are identified through spectroscopic examination of representative materials before and after irradiation with UV or blue-green light. The photomechanical response is further elucidated in structure-property examination to ascertain the role of crosslink density, azobenzene concentration, and azobenzene connectivity (crosslinked or pendant) on the photomechanical output. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White2@wfafb.afmil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. Insightful discussions with Richard A. Vaia and colleagues are gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD JAN 14 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1039/c1jm14017e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 875HC UT WOS:000299020000057 ER PT J AU Lei, JH Matsuo, T Dou, XK Sutton, E Luan, XL AF Lei, Jiuhou Matsuo, Tomoko Dou, Xiankang Sutton, Eric Luan, Xiaoli TI Annual and semiannual variations of thermospheric density: EOF analysis of CHAMP and GRACE data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMI-ANNUAL VARIATION; HETEROSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB In this paper, observations from CHAMP and GRACE during 2002-2010 are used to study the seasonal variations of thermospheric density by characterizing the dominant modes of thermospheric density variability as empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Our results showed that the first three EOFs captured most of the density variability, which can be as large as 98% of total density variability. Subsequently, the obtained mean field, first three EOFs and the corresponding amplitudes of three EOFs are applied to construct a thermospheric density model at 400 km to study seasonal variations of thermospheric density under geomagnetically quiet conditions. Thermospheric density shows strong latitudinal dependence in seasonal variation, although it usually has maxima near the equinoxes and minimum in the local winter at middle and high latitudes. Semiannual variations imbedded in the annual variations are seen at all latitudes; annual variations however become dominant in the southern hemisphere. Specifically, the observations show that the annual amplitude can reach as large as 40-50% of the annual mean at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere and it decreases gradually from the southern to northern hemisphere. The semiannual component to the annual mean is about 15-20% without significant latitudinal dependence. Additionally, the relative amplitudes of annual and semiannual variations in the MSISE00 density agree fairly well with the observations, albeit the MSISE00 gives an opposite solar activity dependence for the annual and semiannual variations compared with the positive F107 dependence seen in the observations. C1 [Lei, Jiuhou; Dou, Xiankang; Luan, Xiaoli] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sutton, Eric] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lei, Jiuhou; Dou, Xiankang; Luan, Xiaoli] Univ Sci & Technol China, Mengcheng Natl Geophys Observ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lei, JH (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM leijh@ustc.edu.cn RI Lei, Jiuhou/A-3015-2012; Dou, xiankang/M-9106-2013; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Lei, Jiuhou/0000-0002-4374-5083; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41174139, 41121003, 41104107, 41025016, 40890165]; Thousand Young Talents Program of China; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-07-1-0565] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41174139, 41121003, 41104107, 41025016, 40890165), Thousand Young Talents Program of China, and the AFOSR MURI Award FA9550-07-1-0565. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A01310 DI 10.1029/2011JA017324 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 877KJ UT WOS:000299178600001 ER PT J AU McCollough, JP Elkington, SR Baker, DN AF McCollough, J. P. Elkington, S. R. Baker, D. N. TI The role of Shabansky orbits in compression-related electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave growth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER CUSP; MAGNETOSPHERE; FIELD; PARTICLES; MODEL; ACCELERATION; GENERATION; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONS AB Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves at high L values near local noon are often found to be related to magnetospheric compression events. These waves arise from temperature anisotropies in trapped warm plasma populations. There are several possible mechanisms that can generate these temperature anisotropies, including both energizing and nonenergizing processes. In this work we investigate a nonenergizing process arising from dayside bifurcated magnetic field minima. There are two kinds of behavior particles undergo in the presence of bifurcated minima: particles with high initial equatorial pitch angles (EPAs) are forced to execute so-called Shabansky orbits and mirror at high latitudes without passing through the equator, while those with lower initial EPAs will pass through the equator with higher EPAs than before; as a result, perpendicular energies near the equator increase at the cost of parallel energies. By using a 3-D particle tracing code in a tunable analytic compressed-dipole field, we explore the effects of Shabansky orbits on the anisotropy of the warm plasma and contrast with the anisotropy resulting from drift shell splitting. We show that Shabansky orbits are an independent source of temperature anisotropy for warm dayside ions. C1 [McCollough, J. P.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Elkington, S. R.; Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP McCollough, JP (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.mccollough@us.af.mil RI McCollough, James/A-2489-2016 OI McCollough, James/0000-0003-3615-8857 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA [NNG04GN11G]; Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) via NSF STC [ATM-0120950] FX This research was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard grant NNG04GN11G, and the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) via NSF STC grant ATM-0120950. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A01208 DI 10.1029/2011JA016948 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 877KG UT WOS:000299178200002 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Krein, DM Burke, AR McLean, DG Haley, JE Slagle, J Monahan, J Fratini, A AF Cooper, Thomas M. Krein, Douglas M. Burke, Aaron R. McLean, Daniel G. Haley, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan Monahan, Jennifer Fratini, Albert TI Spectroscopic Structure-Property Relationships of a Series of Polyaromatic Platinum Acetylides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CROSSING RATE-CONSTANT; ENERGY-GAP LAW; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS; RADIATIONLESS TRANSITIONS; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; CHROMOPHORES; ASPHALTENES AB To develop a structure-spectroscopic property relationship in platinum acetylides having poly(aromatic hydrocarbon) ligands, we synthesized a series of chromophores with systematic variation in the number of fused aromatic rings (nFAR) and ligand topology (polyacene (L), polyphenanthrene (Z), or compact(C)). We measured ground-state absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra. We also performed nanosecond and femtosecond transient absorption experiments. To extend the range of compounds in the structure-property relationship, we did DFT calculations on an expanded series of chromophores. Both the results and experiments show that the S-1 and T-1 state energies are a function of both nFAR and the ligand topology. In the L chromophores, the S-1 and T-1 state energies decrease linearly with nFAR. In contrast, the S-1 and T-1 state energies of the Z chromophores oscillate around a fixed value with increasing nFAR The C chromophores have behavior intermediate between the and Z chromophores. A parallel series of calculations on the ligands shows the same behavior. The S-1-S-n energy obtained from ultrafast time resolved spectra has a linear variation in nFAR. The rate constant for nonradiative decay, k(nr), was calculated from the S-1 state lifetime and decreases with an increasing number of pi electrons in the aromatic ring. The result is consistent with the spin-orbit coupling caused by the central platinum heavy atom decreasing with larger nFAR. The present work shows that the framework developed for the analysis of poly(aromatic hydrocarbon) properties is useful for the understanding of the corresponding platinum acetylide complexes. C1 [Cooper, Thomas M.; Krein, Douglas M.; Burke, Aaron R.; McLean, Daniel G.; Haley, Joy E.; Slagle, Jonathan; Monahan, Jennifer] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krein, Douglas M.; Burke, Aaron R.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [McLean, Daniel G.; Slagle, Jonathan] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Monahan, Jennifer] SOCHE Student Res Program, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Fratini, Albert] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL/RX [F33615-99-C-5415, F33615-03-D-5408, F33615-03-D-5421] FX The authors thank Yosadara Ruiz-Morales (Mexican Petroleum Institute) for teaching us the framework for analyzing poly(aromatic hydrocarbon) structure property relationships and the referees for useful feedback. We thank the support of this work by AFRL/RX Contracts F33615-99-C-5415 for D.G.M., F33615-03-D-5408 for D.M.K. and A.R.B., and F33615-03-D-5421 for J.E.S. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1021/jp203616c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 874SI UT WOS:000298978000016 PM 22077595 ER PT J AU Carlson, PJ Bose, S Armstrong, DW Hawkins, T Gordon, MS Petrich, JW AF Carlson, Philip J. Bose, Sayantan Armstrong, Daniel W. Hawkins, Tommy Gordon, Mark S. Petrich, Jacob W. TI Structure and Dynamics of the 1-Hydroxyethyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium Nitrate High-Energy Ionic Liquid System SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHOD; COMPLETE SOLVATION RESPONSE; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; COUMARIN 153; THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIELECTRIC FRICTION; BASIS-SETS; SPECTROSCOPY AB An investigation of the structure and dynamics of the high-energy ionic liquid, 1-hydroxyethyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (HEATN), was undertaken. Both experimental and computational methods were employed to understand the fundamental properties, characteristics, and behavior of HEATN. The charge separation, according to the electrostatic potential derived charges, was assessed. The MP2 (second-order perturbation theory) geometry optimizations find six dimer and five tetramer structures and allow one to see the significant highly hydrogen bonded network predicted within the HEATN system. Due to the prohibitive scaling of ab initio methods, the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method was employed and assessed for feasibility with highly energetic ionic liquids using HEATN as a model system. The FMO method was found to adequately treat the HEATN ionic liquid system as evidenced by the small relative error obtained. The experimental studies involved the investigation of the solvation dynamics of the HEATN system via the coumarin 153 (C153) probe at five different temperatures. The rotational dynamics through the HEATN liquid were also measured using C153. Comparisons with previously studied imidazolium and phosphonium ionic liquids show surprising similarity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first experimental study of solvation dynamics in a triazolium-based ionic liquid. C1 [Carlson, Philip J.; Bose, Sayantan; Gordon, Mark S.; Petrich, Jacob W.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Carlson, Philip J.; Bose, Sayantan; Gordon, Mark S.; Petrich, Jacob W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Armstrong, Daniel W.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Chem & Biochem, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hawkins, Tommy] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu; jwp@iastate.edu RI Bose, Sayantan/C-2749-2012; Carlson, Philip/J-1533-2014; Petrich, Jacob/L-1005-2015 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bioscience through the Ames Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Gregory Drake, Mr. Michael Tinnirello, Ms. Leslie Hudgens, and Mr. Spencer Pruitt for many helpful discussion and guidance. This work was supported by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. S.B. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bioscience through the Ames Laboratory (S.B.). The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 87 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 12 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 1 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1021/jp207840q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 874SJ UT WOS:000298978100059 PM 22126259 ER PT J AU Iurov, A Gumbs, G Roslyak, O Huang, DH AF Iurov, Andrii Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, Oleksiy Huang, Danhong TI Anomalous photon-assisted tunneling in graphene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB We investigated the transmission of Dirac electrons through a potential barrier in the presence of circularly polarized light. An anomalous photon-assisted enhanced transmission is predicted and explained. It is demonstrated that the perfect transmission for nearly head-on collision in infinite graphene is suppressed in gapped dressed states of electrons, which is further accompanied by a shift of peaks as a function of the incident angle away from head-on collision. In addition, the perfect transmission is partially suppressed by a photon-induced gap in illuminated graphene. After the effect of rough edges of the potential barrier or impurity scattering is included, the perfect transmission with no potential barrier becomes completely suppressed and the energy range for the photon-assisted transmission is reduced at the same time. C1 [Iurov, Andrii; Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, Oleksiy] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, ARFL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Iurov, A (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-11-01-0263]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by contract # FA 9453-11-01-0263 of the AFRL. DH would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 AR 015303 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/1/015303 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 868RP UT WOS:000298542500008 PM 22156167 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Lamison, KR Vij, V Reams, JT Yandek, GR Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Lamison, Kevin R. Vij, Vandana Reams, Josiah T. Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI New Insights into Structure-Property Relationships in Thermosetting Polymers from Studies of Cocured Polycyanurate Networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CYANATE ESTER RESINS; CROSS-LINK DENSITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; LEAST-SQUARES; COMPOSITES; MOISTURE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Studies of the physical properties of the cocured networks formed from three similar dicyanate ester monomers revealed a number of unexpected variations from simple linear mixing rules. These variations shed light on important synergistic effects in cocured thermosetting networks and their possible causes. The monomers utilized were the dicyanate esters of Bisphenol A (BADCy) and Bisphenol E (LECy) and the silicon-containing analogue of Bisphenol A (SiMCy). The most important of the synergistic effects was a decrease of similar to 25% in moisture uptake seen only in conetworks of LECy and SiMCy. For all other systems, a clear relationship between moisture uptake and the number density of cyanurate rings was observed. This relationship generally applies to many types of cyanate esters and gives an indication of the importance of specific sites (as opposed to free volume alone) in moisture uptake. Numerous additional examples of nonlinear mixing relations were observed in the glass transition temperature, density, and thermochemical stability of fully cured networks. Interestingly, the most widespread deviations from linear behavior were observed for conetworks of SiMCy and LECy, suggesting that factors such as the mismatch in network segment size may be more important than differences in flexibility or symmetry in driving significant physical interactions among conetwork components. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Lamison, Kevin R.; Vij, Vandana] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council Research FX Support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (JR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 1 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1021/ma202513h PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 873TD UT WOS:000298905000025 ER PT J AU Pulliam, JRC Epstein, JH Dushoff, J Rahman, SA Bunning, M Jamaluddin, AA Hyatt, AD Field, HE Dobson, AP Daszak, P AF Pulliam, Juliet R. C. Epstein, Jonathan H. Dushoff, Jonathan Rahman, Sohayati A. Bunning, Michel Jamaluddin, Aziz A. Hyatt, Alex D. Field, Hume E. Dobson, Andrew P. Daszak, Peter CA HERG TI Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE Nipah virus; epidemic enhancement; infectious disease dynamics; emerging pathogens; zoonosis; flying fox ID PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; PTEROPUS-VAMPYRUS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FRUIT BATS; DISEASES; PARAMYXOVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ENCEPHALITIS; BANGLADESH AB Emerging zoonoses threaten global health, yet the processes by which they emerge are complex and poorly understood. Nipah virus (NiV) is an important threat owing to its broad host and geographical range, high case fatality, potential for human-to-human transmission and lack of effective prevention or therapies. Here, we investigate the origin of the first identified outbreak of NiV encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore. We analyse data on livestock production from the index site (a commercial pig farm in Malaysia) prior to and during the outbreak, on Malaysian agricultural production, and from surveys of NiV's wildlife reservoir (flying foxes). Our analyses suggest that repeated introduction of NiV from wildlife changed infection dynamics in pigs. Initial viral introduction produced an explosive epizootic that drove itself to extinction but primed the population for enzootic persistence upon reintroduction of the virus. The resultant within-farm persistence permitted regional spread and increased the number of human infections. This study refutes an earlier hypothesis that anomalous El Nino Southern Oscillation-related climatic conditions drove emergence and suggests that priming for persistence drove the emergence of a novel zoonotic pathogen. Thus, we provide empirical evidence for a causative mechanism previously proposed as a precursor to widespread infection with H5N1 avian influenza and other emerging pathogens. C1 [Epstein, Jonathan H.; Daszak, Peter; HERG] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.; Dushoff, Jonathan; Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rahman, Sohayati A.] Vet Res Inst, Dept Vet Serv, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. [Rahman, Sohayati A.] Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [Bunning, Michel] USAF, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. [Jamaluddin, Aziz A.] Minist Agr, Dept Vet Serv, Putrajaya, Malaysia. [Hyatt, Alex D.] CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Field, Hume E.] Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, Biosecur Sci Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Daszak, P (reprint author), EcoHlth Alliance, 460 W 34th St,17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM daszak@ecohealthalliance.org RI Pulliam, Juliet/A-6516-2008 OI Pulliam, Juliet/0000-0003-3314-8223 FU NIH/NSF [R01-TW05869]; Pew Charitable Trusts [2000-002558]; Princeton University Center for Health and Wellbeing; Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health FX P.D. conceived and directed the study; P. D. and J.R.C.P. co-wrote the paper with assistance from J.H.E.; J.R.C.P. designed and conducted the modelling and statistical analyses with J.D. and A. P. D., and conducted all fieldwork related to livestock; J.H.E. and S. A. R. led the bat survey work, and S. A. R. conducted some of the sample testing. M. B. collected field data on pig production during the NiV outbreak investigation. A.A.J. facilitated data acquisition and all field activities in Malaysia. A. D. H. directed sample testing. H. E. F. assisted in study design, helped direct field activities and provided veterinary input. All authors were involved in the design of the study and the interpretation of the results and commented on the manuscript. All other HERG authors discussed study design and interpretation of data. We thank T. Hughes, J. Westrom, Abdul Karim bin Abdul Hamid, Abdul Nordin bin Harul, Zaini bin Che Mamat, Ong B. L., Lim Y. S., S. P. Loganathan, Chang K. W., R. Mehendran, C. Smith, Lim B. L., A. A. Chmura, S. S. Hassan, E. McKenzie, C. Pearson, T. Kunz, T. Ksiazek, A. Zubaid, S. A. Levin, K. Hampson, P. R. Hosseini and A. M. Kilpatrick. We also thank the owners and managers of the index farm for their cooperation. Data for this project were provided by the Director General, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia. Agricultural land-use data have been provided by the Director General, Soil Resource Management and Conservation Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia. Special permits for trapping and sampling wild bats were provided by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia (Perhilitan). This work was supported primarily by an NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases award (Fogarty International Center R01-TW05869), with additional support from the Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases (AB-CRC), the Pew Charitable Trusts (grant 2000-002558), a Princeton University Center for Health and Wellbeing graduate research grant to J. P., a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to J. P. and the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. This study used the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (http://biowulf.nih.gov). NR 45 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JAN 7 PY 2012 VL 9 IS 66 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1098/rsif.2011.0223 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852CE UT WOS:000297322800008 PM 21632614 ER PT J AU Pal, C Cammidge, AN Cook, MJ Sosa-Sanchez, JL Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Pal, C. Cammidge, A. N. Cook, M. J. Sosa-Sanchez, J. L. Sharma, A. K. Ray, A. K. TI In situ chemichromic studies of interactions between a lutetium bis-octaalkyl-substituted phthalocyanine and selected biological cofactors SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE lutetium bisphthalocyanine; UV-visible absorption; biomolecules; chemichromic changes; rate of reduction ID ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOR; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ASCORBIC-ACID; FILMS; BISPHTHALOCYANINE; REDUCTION; COMPLEXES; INSIGHTS; LIQUID; SCURVY AB Spin-coated films, approximately 100 nm thick, of a newly synthesized bis[octakis(octyl)phthalocyaninato] lutetium(III) complex on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates exhibit pronounced chemichromic behaviour with potential application in healthcare. In situ kinetic optical absorption spectroscopic measurements show that the phthalocyanine Q-band is red shifted by 60 nm upon oxidation arising from exposure to bromine vapour. Recovery to the original state is achieved by the treatment of the oxidized films with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in an aqueous solution containing 1.5 M lithium perchlorate. The neutralization process is found to be governed by first-order kinetics. The linear increase of the reduction rate with increasing concentration of cofactors provides a basis for calibration of analyte concentrations ranging from 3.5 mM down to 0.03 mM. C1 [Pal, C.; Ray, A. K.] Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Cammidge, A. N.; Cook, M. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Sosa-Sanchez, J. L.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Ctr Invest Dispositivos Semicond, Puebla, Mexico. [Sharma, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Se Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM a.cammidge@uea.ac.uk OI Cammidge, Andrew/0000-0001-7912-4310 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-08-1-3034]; Leverhulme Trust FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant no. FA8655-08-1-3034. The authors are grateful to Prof. J. Silver and Prof. R. Withnall of Brunel University for fruitful discussions. Thanks are also due to Dr Benjamin J. Jones of the Experimental Techniques Centre at Brunel University for AFM measurements. Professor Cook thanks the Leverhulme Trust for a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JAN 7 PY 2012 VL 9 IS 66 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1098/rsif.2010.0726 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852CE UT WOS:000297322800017 PM 21676969 ER PT J AU Tchoul, MN Dalton, M Tan, LS Dong, HC Hui, CM Matyjaszewski, K Vaia, RA AF Tchoul, Maxim N. Dalton, Matthew Tan, Loon-Seng Dong, Hongchen Hui, Chin Ming Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof Vaia, Richard A. TI Enhancing the fraction of grafted polystyrene on silica hybrid nanoparticles SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polymer nanocomposites; Surface-initiated atom transfer radical; polymerization; Hairy nanoparticles ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; PARTICLES; SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; CONSTANTS; POLYMERS; LIGAND AB Polymer-grafted inorganic nanoparticles are being developed for a diverse array of applications, ranging from drug delivery to multifunctional composites. In many instances, performance of these core-shell hybrids is limited by relatively broad distributions of size and composition, as well as the presence of impurities, such as unattached polymer chains. Herein, further synthetic improvements, and associated characterization techniques, to enhance the fraction of the grafted polystyrene shell on silica hybrid nanoparticles are discussed. We found that during surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) from the silica nanoparticles, thermal self-initiation of styrene produces unattached polymer chains. Size exclusion chromatography afforded a facile approach to quantify the mass of the unattached polymer, and provide a substantial refinement to estimates of chain graft density beyond traditionally-used approaches, such as thermogravimetry. This fraction of unattached polymer is still present even after post-polymerization work-up via precipitation and re-dissolution. Removal necessitates additional procedures, such as high speed centrifugation. Selection of a lower polymerization temperature, in concert with a more reactive Cu complex, significantly reduces the amount of unattached polystyrene impurity. The improved polymerization conditions and post-polymerization purification provide more refined polystyrene-grafted silica nanoparticles to clarify structure-property relationships of these core-shell hybrids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tchoul, Maxim N.; Dalton, Matthew; Tan, Loon-Seng; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, Matthew] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Dong, Hongchen; Hui, Chin Ming; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2943 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 09-69301]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-09-1-0169] FX Financial support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF grant #DMR 09-69301) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (via Contract FA-9550-09-1-0169). This research was performed while M. Tchoul held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the AFRL. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 5 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.025 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 889KW UT WOS:000300073600008 ER PT J AU Wellems, LD Huang, DH Leskova, TA Maradudin, AA AF Wellems, L. David Huang, Danhong Leskova, T. A. Maradudin, A. A. TI Nanogroove array on thin metallic film as planar lens with tunable focusing SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; LIGHT AB Numerical results for the distributions of light transmitted through metallic planar lenses composed of symmetric nanogroove arrays on the surfaces of a gold film are presented and explained. Both the near- and far-field distributions of the intensity of light transmitted are calculated by using a Green's function formalism. Results for an optimal transverse focus based on a quadratic variation of groove width are obtained. Meanwhile, a significant dependence of the focal length on the wavelength of light incident from the air side through the gold film into a dielectric substrate is found for this detector configuration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wellems, L. David; Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Leskova, T. A.; Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Leskova, T. A.; Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 2 PY 2012 VL 376 IS 3 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2011.11.002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 890GY UT WOS:000300134300013 ER PT J AU Parasuraman, R Christensen, J Grafton, S AF Parasuraman, Raja Christensen, James Grafton, Scott TI Neuroergonomics: The brain in action and at work SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Arch Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Christensen, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Grafton, Scott] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Parasuraman, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Arch Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rparasur@gmu.edu OI Christensen, James/0000-0003-4539-5467 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN 2 PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.011 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 838CX UT WOS:000296265500001 PM 21854856 ER PT J AU Christensen, JC Estepp, JR Wilson, GF Russell, CA AF Christensen, James C. Estepp, Justin R. Wilson, Glenn F. Russell, Christopher A. TI The effects of day-to-day variability of physiological data on operator functional state classification SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE EEG; Pattern classification; Interday variability; Workload ID BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; EEG INDEXES; TASK; FMRI; COMMUNICATION; SELECTION; BCI AB The application of pattern classification techniques to physiological data has undergone rapid expansion. Tasks as varied as the diagnosis of disease from magnetic resonance images, brain-computer interfaces for the disabled, and the decoding of brain functioning based on electrical activity have been accomplished quite successfully with pattern classification. These classifiers have been further applied in complex cognitive tasks to improve performance, in one example as an input to adaptive automation. In order to produce generalizable results and facilitate the development of practical systems, these techniques should be stable across repeated sessions. This paper describes the application of three popular pattern classification techniques to EEG data obtained from asymptotically trained subjects performing a complex multitask across five days in one month. All three classifiers performed well above chance levels. The performance of all three was significantly negatively impacted by classifying across days; however two modifications are presented that substantially reduce misclassifications. The results demonstrate that with proper methods, pattern classification is stable enough across days and weeks to be a valid, useful approach. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Christensen, James C.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wilson, Glenn F.] Physiometrex Inc, Keizer, OR 97303 USA. [Russell, Christopher A.] Archinoetics LLC, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Christensen, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing,2255 H St,B248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.christensen@wpafb.af.mil OI Estepp, Justin/0000-0001-8049-9582; Christensen, James/0000-0003-4539-5467 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN 2 PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 SI SI BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.091 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 838CX UT WOS:000296265500007 PM 21840403 ER PT J AU McKinley, RA Bridges, N Walters, CM Nelson, J AF McKinley, R. Andy Bridges, Nathaniel Walters, Craig M. Nelson, Jeremy TI Modulating the brain at work using noninvasive transcranial stimulation SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Neuroergonomics; Noninvasive brain stimulation; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Cognitive performance; Enhancement; tDCS; TMS; Brain stimulation mechanism ID HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; RIGHT PARIETAL CORTEX; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DECISION-MAKING; CORTICAL NEUROPLASTICITY; EXCITABILITY CHANGES; DEPRESSED-PATIENTS; HUMANS; RTMS AB This paper proposes a shift in the way researchers currently view and use transcranial brain stimulation technologies. From a neuroscience perspective, the standard application of both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been mainly to explore the function of various brain regions. These tools allow for noninvasive and painless modulation of cortical tissue. In the course of studying the function of an area, many studies often report enhanced performance of a task during or following the stimulation. However, little follow-up research is typically done to further explore these effects. Approaching this growing pool of cognitive neuroscience literature with a neuroergonomics mindset (i.e., studying the brain at work), the possibilities of using these stimulation techniques for more than simply investigating the function of cortical areas become evident. In this paper, we discuss how cognitive neuroscience brain stimulation studies may complement neuroergonomics research on human performance optimization. And, through this discussion, we hope to shift the mindset of viewing transcranial stimulation techniques as solely investigatory basic science tools or possible clinical therapeutic devices to viewing transcranial stimulation techniques as interventional tools to be incorporated in applied science research and systems for the augmentation and enhancement of human operator performance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McKinley, R. Andy; Walters, Craig M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bridges, Nathaniel] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nelson, Jeremy] Tulane Univ, Tulane Neurosci Program, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Nelson, Jeremy] Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP McKinley, RA (reprint author), 2215 1st St Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andy.mckinley@wpafb.af.mil RI Westwood, Sam/P-7000-2015 NR 125 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN 2 PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 SI SI BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.075 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 838CX UT WOS:000296265500014 PM 21840408 ER PT J AU Craig, D Ruff, D Hewitson, S Barnes, J Amt, J AF Craig, Desiree Ruff, Derek Hewitson, Steve Barnes, Joel Amt, John GP ION TI The UHARS Non-GPS Based Positioning System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 17-21, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP Inst Nav, Satellite Div AB The Ultra High Accuracy Reference System (UHARS) is the 746th Test Squadron's next generation reference system, currently under development to meet test and evaluation reference requirements for future navigation and guidance systems. Consisting of a rack mounted, tightly integrated system of navigation sensors/subsystems, data acquisition system, and a post-mission reference trajectory algorithm, UHARS will provide a highly accurate reference solution for airborne and land-based test vehicles in electronic warfare environments where modernized and legacy GPS signals are jammed from friendly or hostile systems. The system will be appropriately sized and constructed for use on-board multiple test-beds including current and future test aircraft and ground vehicles. Achieving these accurate reference solutions requires a Non-GPS Based Positioning System (NGBPS) subsystem capable of providing sub-meter position accuracy in a GPS-denied (jamming) environment. The NGBPS portion of the UHARS program plans to employ a network of ground transceivers and test vehicle rover receivers, manufactured by the Locata Corporation. The NGBPS uses Locata's standard commercial transceiver and rover devices, but meeting the demanding UHARS accuracy and distance requirements necessitated major improvement of Locata's normal antennas, amplification and navigational software. To this end, the 746th Test Squadron awarded Locata a contract to re-design these components and demonstrate a system delivering longer ranges (both for acquisition and tracking), higher power transmission levels, new antenna designs for aircraft use, and higher aircraft dynamics than previously envisaged. The 746th Test Squadron and Locata completed a technical demonstration of this improved capability on October 2011 on White Sands Missile Range. The demonstration (including set-up, flight trials and check-out time) spanned a 3-week period. This paper details the NGBPS demonstration to include the following: technical challenges, conduct details such as flight profiles and ground station set-up, and the results. C1 [Craig, Desiree] 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Craig, D (reprint author), 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2012 BP 2073 EP 2082 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BIA71 UT WOS:000327163302011 ER PT B AU Blackshire, JL AF Blackshire, James L. GP IEEE TI Ultrasonic Scattering from Complex Crack Morphology Features SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) SE IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE DE Ultrasound Scattering; Crack Morphology; Reliable Crack Sizing AB In a typical ultrasound measurement, only the scattering cross-section features are considered involving the overall crack profile. A realistic crack, however, can have local curvature and sharpness features, which can have an effect on the ultrasonic scattering response and detected signal content. A study of crack morphology effects on ultrasonic scattering in the near-and far-field is described. Finite element models, scanning laser vibrometry, and optical microscopy measurements are used to study ultrasound scattering from realistic cracks in superalloy materials, where three primary length scale effects are considered -1) overall crack profile, 2) local variations in crack profile, and 3) local roughness features. Ultrasonic frequency/wavelength and crack length scale features are considered for both near-field and far-field regions, where direct comparisons of model predictions and experimental measurements are made. Local crack roughness features produced very localized and complex wave scattering effects in the extreme near-field of the crack site, while crack profile variations on the order of, or larger than, the ultrasonic wavelength produced coherent scattered field patterns that diverged, were directional in nature, and extended well into the far-field. C1 AFRL, RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), AFRL, RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4562-0; 978-1-4673-4561-3 J9 IEEE INT ULTRA SYM PY 2012 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0061 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHX71 UT WOS:000326960200053 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Mitchell, S AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Mitchell, Stephen BE James, RB Burger, A Franks, LA Fiederle, M TI Direction sensitive neutron detectors in near field measurements SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIV CY AUG 13-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutrons; Direction Sensitive; Drop Sensor; MCNP; Occlusion AB Contrary to situations in which a reactor is compromised, in emergency response situations generally the count rates are low, and neutrons may be scattered around in inhomogeneous intervening materials; in fact, both situations are typical for field operations, including emergency response missions. It is also true that neutron sensors are most efficient for the lowest energy neutrons, so it is not as easy to detect and count energetic neutrons. Most of the emergency response neutron detectors are offshoots of nuclear device diagnostics tools and special nuclear materials characterization equipment, because that is what is available commercially. These instruments mostly are laboratory equipment, and not field-deployable gear suited for mobile teams. Our goal is to design and prototype field-deployable, ruggedized, lightweight, efficient neutron detectors. Experimental work performed in the area of neutron detector development at the Remote Sensing Laboratory-Andrews Operations (RSL-AO) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in recent months is presented in this article. Ten pressurized He-3 tubes with an inch of annular polyethylene moderator around them are arranged to make an isosceles triangle with three fold symmetry. MCNPX simulation code has been used to obtain the angular response function of the detector array using a bare Cf-252 source. The neutron counts profile shows possibility of determining the angle of a near - field neutron source with adequate angular resolution for emergency response. The count distributions among the tubes lend themselves to detect the angular position of the neutron source with a good degree of certainty. A fundamental goal in Homeland Security and Defense Application work (HS&DA) and nuclear non-proliferation is to develop sensors that can determine the location of a possibly mobile neutron source. One common approach has been to design sensor arrays that give location dependent, composite signatures. Different configurations of sensors, such as different geometries and materials, resolve signatures differently, and for several commonly-used configurations we will develop empirical mathematical models based on sensor simulations that will resolve neutron source direction at high resolution and that will accurately detect and locate multiple sources. Initial results have shown success, and in this project we will fully develop the empirical models approach to be implemented by in-field sensors to improve detection success, efficiency, and spatial resolution and by designers to optimize future detectors for source localization. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, 1783 Arnold Ave, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. OI Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy/0000-0002-0319-5005 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9224-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8507 AR 85070S DI 10.1117/12.929975 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BHT68 UT WOS:000326642600013 ER PT S AU Borel, C Rosario, D Romano, J AF Borel, Christoph Rosario, Dalton Romano, Joao BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Range-invariant anomaly detection applied to imaging Fourier transform spectrometry data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XVII CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fourier transform spectrometry; temperature-emissivity separation; anomaly detection AB This paper describes the end-to-end processing of image Fourier transform spectrometry data taken of surrogate tank targets at Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey with the long-wave hyper-spectral camera HyperCam from Telops. The first part of the paper discusses the processing from raw data to calibrated radiance and emissivity data. The second part discusses the application of a range-invariant anomaly detection approach to calibrated radiance, emissivity and brightness temperature data for different spatial resolutions and compares it to the Reed-Xiaoli detector. C1 [Borel, Christoph] US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Borel, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cborel@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9232-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8515 AR 85150J DI 10.1117/12.930177 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BHV24 UT WOS:000326729000014 ER PT J AU Uchic, M Groeber, M Shah, M Callahan, P Shiveley, A Scott, M Chapman, M Spowart, J AF Uchic, Michael Groeber, Michael Shah, Megna Callahan, Patrick Shiveley, Adam Scott, Michael Chapman, Michael Spowart, Jonathan BE DeGraef, M Poulsen, HF Lewis, A Simmons, J Spanos, G TI An Automated Multi-Modal Serial Sectioning System for Characterization of Grain-Scale Microstructures in Engineering Materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3D MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on 3D Materials Science (3DMS) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE serial sectioning; 3D microscopy; EBSD; EDS AB This paper describes the development of a new serial sectioning system that has been designed to collect microstructural, crystallographic, and chemical information from volumes in excess of 1 mm(3). The system integrates a robotic multi-platen mechanical polishing system with a modern SEM that enables the acquisition of multi-modal data-scanning electron images, EBSD and hyperspectral EDS map-at each section. Selected details of the system construction as well as an initial demonstration of the system capabilities are presented. C1 [Uchic, Michael; Groeber, Michael; Callahan, Patrick; Spowart, Jonathan] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uchic, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11847-039-8 PY 2012 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BGU65 UT WOS:000324176000030 ER PT S AU Carlisle, M Fagin, B AF Carlisle, Martin Fagin, Barry GP IEEE TI IRONSIDES: DNS With No Single-Packet Denial of Service or Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities SO 2012 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 03-07, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE DNS; computer security; network security; denial of service; remote execution; buffer overflow AB We describe the development of IRONSIDES, an implementation of DNS that is provably invulnerable to remote code execution exploits and single-packet denial of service attacks. Our experimental results show it to be over three times as fast as BIND, the most common implementation of DNS. C1 [Carlisle, Martin; Fagin, Barry] US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Usafa, CO USA. RP Carlisle, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Usafa, CO USA. EM martin.carlisle@usafa.edu; barry.fagin@usafa.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4673-0921-9; 978-1-4673-0920-2 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2012 BP 839 EP 844 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGD24 UT WOS:000322375101030 ER PT S AU Gordnier, RE Attar, PJ AF Gordnier, Raymond E. Attar, Peter J. GP ASME TI IMPACT OF FLEXIBILITY ON THE AERODYNAMICS OF AN ASPECT RATIO TWO MEMBRANE WING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2012, VOL 1, PTS A AND B, SYMPOSIA SE ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID EQUATIONS AB Development of an aeroelastic solver with application to flexible membrane wings for micro air vehicles is presented. A high-order (up to 6th order) Navier-Stokes solver is coupled with a geometrically nonlinear p-version Reissner-Mindlin finite element plate model to simulate the highly flexible elastic membrane. An implicit LES approach is employed to compute the mixed laminar/transitional/turbulent flowfields present for the low Reynolds number flows associated with micro air vehicles. Computations are performed for an aspect ratio two membrane wing at angles of attack alpha = 10 degrees, 16 degrees and 23 degrees for a Reynolds number, Re = 24,300. Comparisons of the computational results with experimental PIV and surface deflection measurements demonstrated reasonable agreement. Reduced separation and enhanced lift are obtained due to favorable interactions between the flexible membrane wing and the unsteady flow over the wing. The impact of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance comes primarily from the development of mean camber with some further effects arising from the interaction between the dynamic motion of the membrane and the unsteady flowfield above. At lower angles of attack this lift enhancement comes at the cost of reduced LID. The nose-down pitching moment increases with flexibility at the lowest angle of attack but is reduced for the higher two angles of attack. These results suggest that membrane flexibility might provide a means to reduce the impact of strong gust encounter by maintaining lift and reducing the effect of the gust on pitching moment. C1 [Gordnier, Raymond E.] Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.gordnier@wpafb.af.mil; peter.attar@ou.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1093-4928 BN 978-0-7918-4475-5 J9 ASME FLUID ENG DIV PY 2012 BP 1481 EP 1496 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BGX48 UT WOS:000324506700168 ER PT S AU Garmann, DJ Visbal, MR Orkwis, PD AF Garmann, Daniel J. Visbal, Miguel R. Orkwis, Paul D. GP ASME TI NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW STRUCTURE ABOUT A REVOLVING WING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2012, VOL 1, PTS A AND B, SYMPOSIA SE ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; INSECT FLIGHT; AERODYNAMICS; BUMBLEBEES; MECHANICS; EQUATIONS; ROTATION; SCHEMES; GRIDS AB A numerical study is conducted to examine the vortex structure about a revolving wing in quiescent flow employing a high-fidelity, implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) technique found to be effective in simulating flows that exhibit interspersed regions of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows. The revolving wing configuration consists of a single, aspect ratio one rectangular plate extended out a distance of 0.5 chords from the origin. Shortly after the onset of the motion, the rotating wing generates a stable and coherent vortex system across the leading edge and wing root that remains throughout the motion. The aerodynamic loads are also analyzed and found to remain mostly constant during the maneuver Transitional effects on the vortex system are investigated over a range of Reynolds numbers (3,000 < Re < 15, 000). It is found that higher Reynolds numbers promote more breakdown of the leading edge and root vortices, but do not alter the stability of the vortex system. The aerodynamic loads also show little sensitivity to Reynolds number with the higher Reynolds numbers producing only moderately higher forces. Comparisons with recent experimental PIV measurements using a PIV-like data reduction technique applied to the computational solution show very favorable agreement with the mid-span velocity and vorticity contours. C1 [Garmann, Daniel J.; Visbal, Miguel R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garmann, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Garmann@wpafb.af.mil; Miguel.Visbal@wpafb.af.mil; Paul.Orkwis@uc.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1093-4928 BN 978-0-7918-4475-5 J9 ASME FLUID ENG DIV PY 2012 BP 1581 EP 1592 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BGX48 UT WOS:000324506700178 ER PT S AU Visbal, MR Garmann, DJ AF Visbal, Miguel R. Garmann, Daniel J. GP ASME TI FLOW STRUCTURE ABOVE STATIONARY AND OSCILLATING LOW-ASPECT-RATIO WING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2012, VOL 1, PTS A AND B, SYMPOSIA SE ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; REYNOLDS-NUMBER AERODYNAMICS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; PITCHING AIRFOIL; DYNAMIC STALL; FLAT-PLATE; PREDICTION; MESHES AB Computations have been carried out in order to describe the complex unsteady flow structure over a stationary and plunging aspect-ratio-two wing under low Reynolds number conditions (Re-c = 10(4)). The flow fields are computed employing a high-fidelity implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) approach found to be effective for moderate Reynolds number flows exhibiting mixed laminar, transitional and turbulent regions. The evolution of the flow structure and aerodynamic loading as a function of increasing angle of attack is presented. Lift and pressure fluctuations are found to be primarily dominated by the large scale circulatory pattern established above the wing due to separation from the leading edge, and by the inherent three dimensionality of the flow induced by the finite aspect ratio. The spanwise distribution of the sectional lift coefficient revealed only a minor direct contribution to the loading exherted by the tip vortex. High-frequency, small-amplitude oscillations are shown to have a significant effect on the separation process and accompanying loads suggesting potential flow control through either suitable actuation or aero-elastic tailoring. C1 [Visbal, Miguel R.; Garmann, Daniel J.] Air Force Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil; daniel.garmann@wpafb.af.mil NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1093-4928 BN 978-0-7918-4475-5 J9 ASME FLUID ENG DIV PY 2012 BP 1593 EP 1605 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BGX48 UT WOS:000324506700179 ER PT B AU Christensen, MB Wirthlin, JR AF Christensen, Matthew B. Wirthlin, J. Robert GP ASME TI A METHOD FOR MEASURING PROGRAMMATIC DEPENDENCY AND INTERDEPENDENCY BETWEEN DOD ACQUISITION PROGRAMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Large and complex enterprises that are primarily involved in product development and design often must manage their development portfolios against a backdrop of competing demands and realities. Given an existing product development process, there is currently no accepted method for quantitative measurement of development program interdependency. While some methods exist for measuring dependency or interdependency at the component or system level, these methods do not translate well to program interdependency This paper presents a model for measuring program interdependency accurately and measurement. development quantitatively. The model uses four Interdependency Factors to identify dependency relationships between programs. Specific Interdependency Levels are then used to measure the strengths of those dependencies. The model also accounts for measurement of dependencies upon programs that are not directly connected, i.e., programs that have a degree of separation from another program, and measurement of program criticality, or the extent to which a program is depended-upon by another program. In this paper, a small portion of the US Air Force's product development portfolio is examined and used to demonstrate these measures. The measurement model is applied to an example development program to measure program dependency characteristics. The results demonstrate that the model can be effectively used to identify and measure program dependencies. The model gives the program manager a quantitative tool to determine how much a program depends upon other programs and the potential impacts of those dependencies. With this information, program. managers can better protect their programs from vulnerabilities associated with interdependency effects from other programs and portfolio managers are given new insights into the management of their portfolio in the product development processes of the enterprise. C1 [Christensen, Matthew B.] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Christensen, MB (reprint author), US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4504-2 PY 2012 BP 673 EP 686 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGX49 UT WOS:000324506900076 ER PT B AU Glavin, NR Hunter, CN Check, M Turner, D Fisher, TS AF Glavin, Nicholas R. Hunter, Chad N. Check, Michael Turner, David Fisher, Timothy S. GP ASME TI CORRELATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE TO POOL BOILING BEHAVIOR ON COPPER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2011, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 11-17, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engn ID LIQUID-SOLID CONTACT; CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; MULTIPHASE FLOWS; ORIENTATION; MODEL; CHF AB Pool boiling studies were performed on roughened copper in a dilute saline solution while incorporating a three electrode electrochemical monitoring system. Electrochemical impedance at a frequency of 1000 Hz was monitored during nucleate boiling and through the transition point from nucleate to film boiling. During nucleate boiling, a steady increase in impedance was observed as the solid-vapor contact area increased. Impedance monitoring lead to the discovery of a critical impedance vector magnitude (vertical bar Z vertical bar) between the range of 1.85 k Omega-cm(2) and 2.35 k Omega-cm(2) where critical heat flux was most likely to occur. At the critical point just after nucleate boiling and beginning transition film boiling, an impedance vector magnitude spike was observed from approximately 2 k Omega-cm(2) to 100 k Omega-cm(2), due to the formation of a current impeding vapor layer encompassing the substrate surface. A phase angle decrease at this boiling regime transition point from -2.25 degrees to -30 degrees provides insight into a change in electrochemical circuit phenomena from a purely resistive to a somewhat capacitive electrochemical system. C1 [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Hunter, Chad N.] Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glavin, NR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5487-7 PY 2012 BP 839 EP 844 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels GA BHD13 UT WOS:000325040500094 ER PT B AU Miller, ES Patnaik, SS Jog, MA AF Miller, Eric S. Patnaik, Soumya S. Jog, Milind A. GP ASME TI DYNAMIC MODELING OF VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLES USING A NOVEL LAGRANGIAN APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE, 2012, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID MOVING-BOUNDARY; SYSTEMS AB Vapor compression cycles-based systems (VCS) are being adapted for thermal management of modern aircraft. Predicting dynamic behavior is critical to the design and control of these systems, which are likely to experience large dynamic changes in heat load. To meet this demand, a novel Lagrangian method to model the dynamic behavior of vapor compression cycles has been developed. The approach described in this paper considers the basic VCS as 4 fluid sides: one high pressure and one low pressure refrigerant side and external fluids which interact with each respectively. Sides are further divided into some number of material volumes. The model simulates compressible, unsteady flow by allowing each volume to translate and displace other elements, expanding and contracting in response to changes in mass, enthalpy and pressure. At every timestep, heat transfer to each mass element is determined and corresponding changes in thermodynamic properties are evaluated. The model predicts transient system response during normal operation as well as startup mode. Results from a dynamic evaporator simulation are presented and discussed. These results show the lowpressure refrigerant and external fluid response to changes in valve position, external fluid inlet temperature, and refrigerant inlet enthalpy. The conclusion drawn from these results is that the modeling framework described in this paper can reproduce the basic dynamics of a two-phase heat exchanger at a rate less than real time. C1 [Miller, Eric S.; Patnaik, Soumya S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jog, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45222 USA. EM Milind.Jog@uc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4478-6 PY 2012 BP 1023 EP 1032 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHC50 UT WOS:000324956800115 ER PT J AU Maybury, MT AF Maybury, Mark T. BE Tortora, G Levialdi, S Tucci, M TI Usable Advanced Visual Interfaces in Aviation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED VISUAL INTERFACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL ITALY DE Usability; aviation; ground control stations; remotely piloted aircraft; autonomy; control; learnability; interoperability; instrumentation; tailored interaction AB Aviation systems represent a rich, difficult, and critical environment for usability. The life critical importance of aviation systems complemented by with their complexity and the diversity and uncertainty of environments in which they operate, place them necessarily on the avant-guard of usability. We describe the broad range of aviation missions, operators, and operating environments and relate these to key dimensions of usability and visual interfaces. We illustrate this concretely with two case examples: ground control stations for remotely piloted aircraft and air traffic management systems. We explore how in both these cases advances in machine autonomy and human control promise to enhance operator situational awareness and control, however, not without challenges. We share guidelines to ensure effective usability to include: require usability as a key performance parameter, architect and design systems and operations that incorporate affordances and fault tolerance, employ standards to increase learnability and interoperability, instrument environments to tailor usability, and assess effects (Maybury 2012). Finally, remaining challenges and future directions are discussed. C1 US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Maybury, MT (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM mark.maybury@pentagon.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-1287-5 PY 2012 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1145/2254556.2254558 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGJ28 UT WOS:000323214900001 ER PT S AU Hopkins, FK Diggs, DE AF Hopkins, F. Kenneth Diggs, Darnell E. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Enabling an All-Guided-Wave Mid-IR Laser Source SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VI CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lasers; nonlinear optics; mid-infrared ID WAVEGUIDES AB An all guided-wave multi-spectral laser source emitting watts to tens-of-watts of mid-infrared power would impact a broad range of airborne and space applications. As compared with a free-space solid-state laser source, a guided-wave design, composed of coupled lasing and nonlinear optical components, offers potential advantages in size, weight, efficiency, and mechanical robustness while retaining high beam quality for single-mode designs. New material options under development by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) enable new approaches to achieving such a source. C1 [Hopkins, F. Kenneth; Diggs, Darnell E.] Air Force Res Lab AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopkins, FK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab AFRL RXAP, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9236-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8519 AR 851908 DI 10.1117/12.929853 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHG04 UT WOS:000325297900005 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Joyce, DM Venkat, N Smith, SR Subramanyam, G Taylor, E Grote, JG AF Ouchen, Fahima Joyce, Donna M. Venkat, Narayanan Smith, Steven R. Subramanyam, Guru Taylor, Edward Grote, James G. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Biopolymer-based dielectric materials for space environments SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VI CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The potential of bio-dielectrics for space applications was explored using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymers. Un-doped DNA, as well as titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (rutile form)-doped DNA were processed and evaluated. Characterized parameters were temperature stability, resistivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and radiation tolerance. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of un-doped DNA and TiO2-doped DNA were measured for both pre- and post-exposure to approximately 100 krad Gamma-ray radiation. There was little change in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the un-doped DNA sample with exposure to radiation. However, there was a significant reduction in the dielectric constant of the TiO2-doped DNA sample. C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Joyce, Donna M.; Venkat, Narayanan; Smith, Steven R.; Grote, James G.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9236-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8519 AR 85190L DI 10.1117/12.942153 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHG04 UT WOS:000325297900016 ER PT B AU Sutter, TM Dickerson, MB Creasy, TS Baur, JW Justice, RS AF Sutter, Thomas M. Dickerson, Matthew B. Creasy, Terry S. Baur, Jeffery W. Justice, Ryan S. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALIZED, LIGHT-WEIGHT PRESSURIZATION MECHANISMS: APPROACH, FEASIBILITY, AND IMPACT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Stone Mountain, GA SP ASME, Gen Motors, Parker Hannifin, Dynalloy Inc, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publish, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res ID GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; MEMORY; SHAPE; COMPOSITES; ENZYME; DESIGN; SMA AB This work presents a novel gas-generation mechanism designed to enable bioinspired actuators. Specifically, the fundamental aspects involved in harnessing the gaseous products from biologically catalyzed reactions and recycling the gases into an actuation pressurization scheme are explored. The capability of having such a self-regulating, self-regenerating system of gas generation could provide the necessary pneumatically-driven force to enable devices that require localized pressurization, such as rubber muscle actuators. This work reports 1) the utilization of biological systems to produce gaseous products that will ultimately affect actuator density in situ, and 2) the construction of a freely moving power rig to monitor rubber muscle actuator performance under pressure generated from biologically powered reactions. C1 [Sutter, Thomas M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sutter, TM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4510-3 PY 2012 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGX46 UT WOS:000324504300075 ER PT S AU Jackovitz, K Asari, V Balster, E Vasquez, J Hytla, P AF Jackovitz, Kevin Asari, Vijayan Balster, Eric Vasquez, Juan Hytla, Patrick GP IEEE TI Registration of Region of Interest for Object Tracking Applications in Wide Area Motion Imagery SO 2012 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 09-11, 2012 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE Computer Vision; Image Processing; Wide Area Motion Imagery; Image Registration/Stabilization; Template Tracking ID OPTICAL-FLOW AB Image registration or stabilization is a task that has been focused on in many fields in image processing. Many methods are available for registering two images, but when dealing with wide area motion imagery, registration of the full scene can be taxing computationally. The proposed algorithm is an application utilizing two existing registration methods to stabilize a specific region of interest in an aerial image database. The registration tools implemented during this application are a phase correlation method and the efficient second- order minimization method. The combination of both registration functions act as a coarse- to- fine image registration algorithm. The goal of this application is to output a set of registered smaller sized images from the larger dataset for the use in detection and tracking of objects in wide area imagery. Experiments performed on several image streams show that the proposed technique is effective and gives high registration accuracy. C1 [Jackovitz, Kevin; Asari, Vijayan; Balster, Eric] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vasquez, Juan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hytla, Patrick] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. RP Jackovitz, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-4558-3; 978-1-4673-4556-9 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGV67 UT WOS:000324312300014 ER PT S AU Sakla, W AF Sakla, Wesam GP IEEE TI Action Classification in Polarimetric Infrared Imagery via Diffusion Maps SO 2012 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 09-11, 2012 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE dimensionality reduction; classification; polarimetric; infrared; manifold learning; diffusion maps ID DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; FRAMEWORK AB This work explores the application of a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique known as diffusion maps for performing action classification in polarimetric infrared video sequences. The diffusion maps algorithm has been used successfully in a variety of applications involving the extraction of low-dimensional embeddings from high-dimensional data. Our dataset is composed of eight subjects each performing three basic actions: walking, walking while carrying an object in one hand, and running. The actions were captured with a polarized microgrid sensor operating in the longwave portion of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum with a temporal resolution of 24 Hz, yielding the Stokes traditional intensity (S-0) and linearly polarized (S-1, S-2) components of data. Our work includes the use of diffusion maps as an unsupervised dimensionality reduction step prior to action classification with three conventional classifiers: the linear perceptron algorithm, the k nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm, and the kernel-based support vector machine (SVM). We present classification results using both the low-dimensional principal components via PCA and the low-dimensional diffusion map embedding coordinates of the data for each class. Results indicate that the diffusion map lower-dimensional embeddings provide a salient feature space for action classification, yielding an increase of overall classification accuracy by similar to 40% compared to PCA. Additionally, we examine the utility that the polarimetric sensor may provide by concurrently performing these analyses in the polarimetric feature spaces. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Layered Sensing Exploitat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sakla, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Layered Sensing Exploitat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-4558-3 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGV67 UT WOS:000324312300030 ER PT S AU Ferendeci, AM Ewing, RL AF Ferendeci, Altan M. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Rectangular Cavity High Harmonic Maser Amplifier SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect DE components; Gyrotron; maser; axially grooved waveguide; harmonic frequencies; magnetic field AB A maser amplifier operating at the higher harmonics of the cyclotron frequency is presented. Detailed study of the performance has already been done incorporating an axially slotted rectangular waveguide and the study is now concentrated on the detailed experimental construction of the unit. The present harmonic maser also known as a gyrotron will be initially experimentally demonstrated and verified at the X-band frequencies. The goal is using the experience gained from the lower frequency operation is to design, construct and demonstrate a rectangular high harmonic maser amplifier at the W-band frequencies. C1 [Ferendeci, Altan M.] ElectroMagnetSyst, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] USAF, AFRL RYMDA, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ferendeci, AM (reprint author), ElectroMagnetSyst, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM ems@electromagneticsystems.com; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil FU AFSOR FX This work was supported by AFSOR. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100019 ER PT S AU Posey, NA Wu, T Wolff, M Zumberge, J AF Posey, Nathaniel A. Wu, Thomas Wolff, Mitch Zumberge, Jon GP IEEE TI Modeling and Control Scheme Design of a Solenoid-Actuated Fuel Injection System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect AB This paper demonstrates the viability of frequency modulation of discrete voltage pulses via feedback loops as a means of control for an electronically actuated fuel injection system. Specifically, this study targets the effectiveness of such control with regards to the Hydraulically actuated Electronically controlled Unit Injector (HEUI). A more accurate model for electromechanical actuator (EMA) using solenoid has been implemented together with models of other subsystems. Significant improvements have been made to the existing MATLAB/Simulink modeling approach in order to implement a higher degree of system control. C1 [Posey, Nathaniel A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wu, Thomas] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zumberge, Jon] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Posey, NA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100022 ER PT S AU Ramirez, J Mendoza-Schrock, O AF Ramirez, Juan, Jr. Mendoza-Schrock, Olga GP IEEE TI Diffusion Maps for Exploring Electro-Optical Synthetic Vehicle Image Data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; EIGENMAPS AB In this work, we explore low-dimensional representations of high-dimensional data derived from electro-optical synthetic vehicle images. The collection of vehicle images consists of four different vehicle models: Toyota Camry, Toyota Avalon, Toyota Tacoma, and Nissan Sentra. This data contains 3,601 160 x 213 gray-scale vehicle images sampled uniformly over a camera view hemisphere. We use the non-linear manifold learning technique of diffusion maps with Gaussian kernel to explore low-dimensional structure the high-dimensional cloud of vehicle image observations. Diffusion maps have been shown to be a valuable tool in the analysis of high-dimensional data and the technique is able to extract an approximation for the underlying structure inherent to the data. Our analysis includes examining how the diffusion time and kernel width leads to different low-dimensional representations and we present a novel technique to relate the kernel width to the distribution of data in the observation space. In addition, we present initial results for multi-class vehicle classification through low-dimensional embedding coordinates and the out-of-sample extension of unlabeled vehicle images. C1 [Ramirez, Juan, Jr.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ramirez, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 126 EP 133 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100029 ER PT S AU McCoppin, R Rizki, M Tamburino, L Freeman, A Mendoza-Schrock, O AF McCoppin, Ryan Rizki, Mateen Tamburino, Louis Freeman, Andrew Mendoza-Schrock, Olga GP IEEE TI The Effects of Clothing on Gender Classification using LIDAR Data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect DE gender classification; LIDAR point cloud; feature selection; evolutionary computation AB In this paper we describe preliminary efforts to extend previous gender classification experiments using feature histograms extracted from 3D point clouds of human subjects. The previous experiments used point clouds drawn from the Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Project (CAESAR anthropometric database provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Human Effectiveness Directorate and SAE International). This database contains approximately 4,400 high-resolution LIDAR whole body scans of carefully posed human subjects. Features are extracted from each point cloud by embedding the cloud in series of cylindrical shapes and computing a point count for each cylinder that characterizes a region of the subject. These measurements define rotationally invariant histogram features that are processed by a classifier to label the gender of each subject. The recognition results with the tightly control CAESAR database reached levels of over 90% accuracy. A smaller secondary point cloud data set was generated at Wright State University to allow experimentation on clothed subjects that was not possible with the CAESAR data. We present the preliminary results for the transition of classification software using different combinations of training and tests sets taken from both the CAESAR and clothed subject data sets. As expected, the accuracy achieved with clothed subjects fell short of the earlier experiments using only the CAESAR data. Nevertheless, the new results provide new insights for more robust classification algorithms. C1 [McCoppin, Ryan; Rizki, Mateen; Tamburino, Louis] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Freeman, Andrew; Mendoza-Schrock, Olga] Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP McCoppin, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU ATR Center Grant [FA8650-07-D-1220-0005] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Huaining Cheng at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Human Effectiveness Directorate for his assistance with the CAESAR database and his support of this effort. They would also like to thank Mr. Ed Zelnio, Director of the ATR Center for his support of this work via an ATR Center Grant FA8650-07-D-1220-0005. Finally we would like to acknowledge the contribution of Aaron Fouts for his assistance with the Fouts' database. (This document is approved for public release via 88 ABW-2012-5183.) NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100030 ER PT S AU Price, RL Ramirez, J Rovito, TV Mendoza-Schrock, O AF Price, Rebecca L. Ramirez, Juan, Jr. Rovito, Todd V. Mendoza-Schrock, Olga GP IEEE TI Electro-Optical Synthetic Civilian Vehicle Data Domes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Dayton Sect DE synthetic data; civilian vehicle models; data domesBlender; LuxRender; Python; pattern recogntion; open-source AB This paper will look at using open source tools (Blender, LuxRender, and Python) to generate a large data set to be used to train an object recognition system. The model produces camera position, camera attitude, and synthetic camera data that can be used for exploitation purposes. We focus on electro-optical (EO) visible sensors to simplify the rendering but this work could be extended to use other rendering tools that support different modalities. The key idea of this paper is to provide an architecture to produce synthetic training data which is modular in design and constructed on open-source off-the-shelf software yielding a physics accurate virtual model of the object we want to recognize. For this paper the objects we are focused on are civilian vehicles. This architecture shows how leveraging existing open-source software allows for practical training of Electro-Optical object recognition algorithms C1 [Price, Rebecca L.; Ramirez, Juan, Jr.; Rovito, Todd V.; Mendoza-Schrock, Olga] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Price, RL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100031 ER PT S AU Hytla, PC Jackovitz, KS Balster, EJ Vasquez, JR Talbert, ML AF Hytla, Patrick C. Jackovitz, Kevin S. Balster, Eric J. Vasquez, Juan R. Talbert, Michael L. GP IEEE TI Detection and Tracking Performance with Compressed Wide Area Motion Imagery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect DE target tracking; target detection; compression; JPEG2000; Persistent surveillance; remote sensing; wide area motion imagery AB The current generation of digital sensor platforms used in remote sensing and surveillance provide a wealth of wide area motion imagery (WAMI). WAMI is employed in a variety of applications, including target detection and tracking. However, airborne platform limitations require that WAMI must be compressed to be effectively transmitted and stored. One standard image compression coding system commonly employed with WAMI data is JPEG2000. In order to meet platform and application requirements, JPEG2000 is often used in lossy mode and at high compression rates, leading to serious image degradation. This work studies the effects of image compression on the performance of the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Government Algorithms for Tracking Exploitation Research (GATER) tracking algorithm at compression rates of 10:1 to 80:1. Additionally, several image enhancement algorithms widely available in literature, including Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), High Frequency Boosting and Multiple Scale Retinex (MSR) and a novel approach titled Locally Tuned Sine Nonlinearity (LTSN) are applied to the imagery prior to compression in an effort to improve tracking performance. Results indicate the GATER tracking algorithm is measurably resistant to the effects of image compression up to 40:1 compression. At higher compression ratios, the algorithm is still able to detect the moving objects, however, false alarms become the most performance limiting factor. The enhancement algorithms performance is scene dependant; in some cases boosting overall performance and in other cases showing measurable performance degradation. C1 [Hytla, Patrick C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jackovitz, Kevin S.; Balster, Eric J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vasquez, Juan R.; Talbert, Michael L.] US Air Force, Layered Sensing Exploitat Div, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hytla, PC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Patrick.Hytla@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-7028] FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract no. FA8650-10-2-7028 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100036 ER PT S AU Derriso, MM McCurry, CD DeSimio, MP AF Derriso, Mark M. McCurry, Charles D. DeSimio, Martin P. GP IEEE TI Global Workspace Theory Inspired Architecture for Autonomous Structural Health Monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect DE structural health monitoring; intelligent agent; AFGROW; artificial nueral networks AB Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems provide automated assessments of structural health by processing data from sensors fastened to a structure. Most SHM research is focused on developing quick state assessments (i.e., reflexive techniques) using a form of pattern recognition. However, little attention has been given to developing a more 'thoughtful,' logic-based method for state assessments to enable operational-level decisions. Reflexive-based assessments are unreliable because they often cannot discriminate between changes due to structural damage and other variants (e. g., temperature). A new architecture is being proposed that combines reflexive and deliberative elements for enhanced state assessments and operational decisions. The architecture is demonstrated in the laboratory using a representative airframe component. C1 [Derriso, Mark M.] Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCurry, Charles D.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [DeSimio, Martin P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Derriso, MM (reprint author), Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFOSR's Multi-Scale Structural Mechanics and Prognosis Program FX A portion of this work was supported by a grant from AFOSRs Multi-Scale Structural Mechanics and Prognosis Program. The authors are grateful to Todd Bussey of Sierra Lobo for his expertise in instrumentation and data acquisition. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100041 ER PT S AU O'Connor, AC Ilin, R Ternovskiy, I AF O'Connor, Alan C. Ilin, Roman Ternovskiy, Igor GP IEEE TI Detection and tracking of Near-Earth Objects using a cognitive hierarchical data-association model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Dayton Sect DE track-before-detect; image processing; machine learning; cognitive models; asteroids ID SURVEY SIMULATIONS; MOVING TARGETS; SPACE AB Current efforts aimed at detecting and identifying Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that pose potential risks to Earth use moderate-size telescopes combined with image processing algorithms to detect the motion of these objects. The search strategies of such systems involve multiple revisits at given intervals between observations to the same area of the sky so that objects that appear to move between the observations can be identified against the static star field. The algorithm described in this paper, referred to as Dynamic Logic (DL), has been applied previously to radar signal processing to achieve a track-before-detect capability. This suggests that DL could improve the detection of extremely dim moving objects in image data as well. The concept of hierarchical dynamic logic is used to supervise image pre-processing and interpret and detect moving objects directly from star-field. The proposed method shows a promising ability to distinguish true asteroid tracks from false alarms with almost no operator interaction, making it potentially suitable for the task of automatic detection of NEOs. C1 [O'Connor, Alan C.; Ilin, Roman; Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Connor, AC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.c.oconnor@gmail.com; roman.ilin@wpafb.af.mil; igor.ternovskiy@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100042 ER PT S AU Walter, DJ Bryan, K Stephens, J Bullmaster, C Chakravarthy, V AF Walter, D. J. Bryan, K. Stephens, James Bullmaster, Cliff Chakravarthy, Vasu GP IEEE TI Localization of RF Emitters using Compressed Sensing with Multiple Cooperative Sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect DE Geolocation; compressed sensing; passive direction finding; cooperative localization scheme AB Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have limits on the weight and size of direction finding (DF) systems that can be used. However, by employing multiple sensors that work cooperatively, simple DF systems need only to provide a rough estimate of the signal's angle of arrival (AOA) and received signal strength (RSS). As the UAVs move, a plurality of data points can be obtained from diverse locations. Combining this information from multiple sensor locations can provide a low-cost and effective solution to electronic emitter location problems, using low-accuracy DF technology. In this paper we present an algorithm, based on the compressed sensing technique, that uses AOA and RSS from mobile sensors (UAVs) to geolocate the source of radio signals on the ground. C1 [Walter, D. J.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Bryan, K.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Math, Terre Haute, IN USA. [Stephens, James; Bullmaster, Cliff; Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Walter, DJ (reprint author), Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Summer Faculty Fellowship Program [FA9550-09-C-0114]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, Grant No. FA9550-09-C-0114, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100047 ER PT S AU Jameson, B Garmatyuk, D Morton, YTJ Ewing, R AF Jameson, Brian Garmatyuk, Dmitriy Morton, Y. T. Jade Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Doorway Identification and Classification Using Software-Defined UWB OFDM Radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUL 25-27, 2012 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect ID SYSTEM AB This paper discusses the implementation of a set of functions that will allow a software-defined ultra-wideband (UWB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system to perform short-range indoor navigation. Specifically, we aim to illustrate the effectiveness of the software-defined radar system (SDRS) at identifying the presence of targets and doorways. Simulation results have been generated to demonstrate the levels of precision that are possible in identifying the location and width of doors from the enclosed indoor environment. These results are augmented with experimental results that form the back-end of an experimental implementation. C1 [Jameson, Brian; Garmatyuk, Dmitriy; Morton, Y. T. Jade] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Ewing, Robert] AFRL, RYMD, Dayton, OH USA. RP Jameson, B (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM jamesobd@muohio.edu; garmatd@muohio.edu; mortonyt@muohio.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) [RY17-MU-11-1] FX This work was partially supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Grant RY17-MU-11-1. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-2792-3; 978-1-4673-2791-6 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2012 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY50 UT WOS:000324589100050 ER PT B AU Hunter, CN Glavin, NR Voevodin, AA Turner, DB Check, MH Putnam, SA Fisher, TS AF Hunter, Chad N. Glavin, Nicholas R. Voevodin, Andrey A. Turner, David B. Check, Michael H. Putnam, Shawn A. Fisher, Timothy S. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF UV-VISIBLE IRRADIATION ON POOL BOILING BEHAVIOR OF COPPER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2011, VOL 10, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 11-17, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engn ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS; HEAT-TRANSFER; NATURAL-CONVECTION; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; FABRICATION; ELECTRON; FILMS AB Roughened copper substrates were exposed to a broadband UV VIS light source during nucleate boiling at a heat flux of 60-70% of the amount expected to result in critical heat flux (CHF) without exposure to a light source. The surface temperature decreased by 0.5-1.0 degrees C within minutes after the UV-VIS light exposure began. CHF occurred after less than 20 minutes of exposure to the light source. Nanoscale features were observed in the light-exposed region of the copper surface after boiling, which were primarily associated with formation of Cu2O. The induced CHF likely occurred due to surface oxide formation, a resultant decrease in wettability of the surface. C1 [Hunter, Chad N.; Glavin, Nicholas R.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5496-9 PY 2012 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGZ59 UT WOS:000324716800064 ER PT B AU Tseng, CC Sikorski, RL Viskanta, R Chen, MY AF Tseng, Charles C. Sikorski, Ruth L. Viskanta, R. Chen, Ming Y. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF RADIATION ON HEAT TRANSFER IN OPEN-CELL FOAMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2011, VOL 10, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 11-17, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engn ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INSULATION AB There are a variety of foams that can be used in thermal protection and/or thermal insulation systems. At high. temperature (> 1000 K) thermal radiation may be important or dominate heat transfer in the foam; however,: dies baked on more detailed thermal radiation analysis are limited. In this paper foams are considered to be semitransparent, because radiation can penetrate through the pore (or void) space and/or foam skeleton (solid matrix), depending on the materials from which the foams are made. Of particular interest of this study is to understand how the properties such as foam material its density, porosity, etc. affect thermal and radiant energy transfer. Physical and mathematical models are developed to account for conduction and radiation (absorption, emission and scattering) in the porous material. The spectral extinction coefficients of SiC foams are measured experimentally in the laboratory at room temperature, and the radiative transfer equation is solved using the spherical harmonics P-1 and the Rosseland diffusion approximations. Parametric calculations have been carried out, and the results are reported in the paper for a range of parameters characterizing heat transfer in SiC foams of different porosities to identify desirable conditions for effectively reducing heat transfer in potential thermal protection concepts. C1 [Tseng, Charles C.; Chen, Ming Y.] AFRL RXBC, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tseng, CC (reprint author), AFRL RXBC, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ming-Yung.Chen@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5496-9 PY 2012 BP 1067 EP 1076 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGZ59 UT WOS:000324716800127 ER PT B AU Shamberger, PJ Forero, DE AF Shamberger, Patrick J. Forero, Daniel E. GP ASME TI TOWARDS HIGH ENERGY DENSITY, HIGH CONDUCTIVITY THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE COMPOSITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME MICRO/NANOSCALE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference (MNHMT2012) CY MAR 03-06, 2012 CL Georgia Tech Global Learn Ctr, Atlanta, GA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, Georgia Inst Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Georgia Tech Global Learn Ctr DE Thermal Energy Storage; Composite; Salt Hydrate; Graphitic Foam ID NUCLEATION; NITRATES; LIKASITE; COPPER; SYSTEM AB Thermal energy storage (TES) materials absorb transient pulses of heat, allowing for rapid storage of low-quality thermal energy for later use, and effective temperature regulation as part of a thermal management system. This paper describes recent development of salt hydrate-based TES composites at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Salt hydrates are known to be susceptible to undercooling and chemical segregation, and their bulk thermal conductivities remain too low for rapid heat transfer. Here, we discuss recent progress towards solving these challenges in the composite system lithium nitrate trihydrate/graphitic foam. This system takes advantage of both the high volumetric thermal energy storage density of lithium nitrate trihydrate and the high thermal conductivity of graphitic foams. We demonstrate a new stable nucleation agent specific to lithium nitrate trihydrate which decreases undercooling by up to similar to 70% relative to previously described nucleation agents. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of lithium nitrate trihydrate and graphitic foam with the addition of a commercial nonionic silicone polyether surfactant. Finally, we show that thermal conductivity across water-graphite interfaces is optimized by tuning the surfactant concentration. These advances demonstrate a promising route to synthesizing high energy density, high thermal conductivity TES composites. C1 [Shamberger, Patrick J.; Forero, Daniel E.] Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shamberger, PJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5477-8 PY 2012 BP 545 EP 553 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000324346800068 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, AH Buchanan, DJ Ward, DA Jha, SK AF Rosenberger, Andrew H. Buchanan, Dennis J. Ward, D'Anthony A. Jha, Sushant K. BE Huron, ES Reed, RC Hardy, MC Mills, MJ Montero, RE Portella, PD Telesman, J TI THE VARIABILITY OF FATIGUE IN NOTCHED BARS OF IN100 SO SUPERALLOYS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP TMS DE Notch Fatigue; IN100; Small Crack Growth ID PREDICTION AB IN100 is one of the workhorse nickel-base superalloys of the current fleet of turbine engines owned and operated by the US Air Force. Many of the life-limited locations on fracture critical IN100 components are associated with locations of stress concentrations, e. g. bolt holes, fillets, balance flange scallops, etc. The prior work by Jha, Caton, and others [1-3] examining the fatigue variability of nickel-base superalloys found a link between the minimum fatigue life and fracture mechanics. That is, the minimum fatigue life was predicted assuming immediate crack initiation and growth of a small crack. This prior work only examined the fatigue behavior of smooth fatigue bars. The current effort determined that the link between minimum fatigue life and fracture mechanics is applicable even when only a small volume of the material at the root of a notch is subject to the high stress conditions. C1 [Rosenberger, Andrew H.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMN, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ward, D'Anthony A.] Southern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMN, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU USAF FY10 Section 219 Venture Fund FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The partial financial support from the USAF FY10 Section 219 Venture Fund is gratefully acknowledged. SKJ acknowledges essential support provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) LRIR Task 11RX01COR with Dr. David Stargel as the program manager. The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr. Reji John, Dr. Robert Brockman and Mr. Peter Phillips for their helpful technical discussions and assistance with the stress intensity factor calculations and ABAQUS modeling. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-94320-5 PY 2012 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGX57 UT WOS:000324518300016 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, GB Bain, K Huber, D Jha, S Sam, S Tiley, J Woodward, C Fraser, HL AF Viswanathan, G. B. Bain, Ken Huber, Dan Jha, S. Sam, S. Tiley, J. Woodward, Christopher Fraser, H. L. BE Huron, ES Reed, RC Hardy, MC Mills, MJ Montero, RE Portella, PD Telesman, J TI ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION SUBSTRUCTURES IN A NOTCHED LCF SAMPLE UNDER DWELL CONDITION IN A Ni-BASED SUPERALLOY SO SUPERALLOYS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP TMS DE transmission electron microscopy; dislocations; deformation; low cycle fatigue; dwell-fatigue; superalloy ID CREEP; FATIGUE; MECHANISMS; NI3AL AB Detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were conducted on low cycle fatigue (LCF) sample of Rene 104 alloy samples tested under dwell conditions to analyze the deformation substructures. Specifically, the focus was to investigate the effect of crack length, in other words, stress intensity factor range Delta E, on the deformation substructures. Thin foils were prepared by focused ion beam method (FIB) from two specific grains along the crack path at varying distances representing varying Delta E values. The TEM analysis indicated that the character of deformation substructures significantly differed in these two grains. It is therefore speculated that local stress conditions and the grain orientations played a key role in the damage accumulation and subsequent substructure evolution. The regions below the fracture surface were also investigated. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of the grains immediately below the fracture surface revealed extensive microstructure degradation and potential hot spots for crack nucleation. C1 [Viswanathan, G. B.; Jha, S.; Tiley, J.; Woodward, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bain, Ken] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Huber, Dan; Sam, S.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Viswanathan, GB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL Hybrid Disk Program; Center for Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at The Ohio State University FX The authors acknowledge funding from the AFRL Hybrid Disk Program and the support of D. Hardwick and insightful discussions with Mike Mills and Patrick Philips. The authors also acknowledge the support received from the Center for Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at The Ohio State University for this research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-94320-5 PY 2012 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGX57 UT WOS:000324518300044 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Lill, J Asta, M Trinkle, DR AF Woodward, Christopher Lill, James Asta, Mark Trinkle, Dallas R. BE Huron, ES Reed, RC Hardy, MC Mills, MJ Montero, RE Portella, PD Telesman, J TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF MOLTEN NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS SO SUPERALLOYS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP TMS DE Density Functional Theory; Liquid metal; Density; Molar volume; Diffusion ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LIQUID NI; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ATOMIC DIFFUSION; BINARY-ALLOYS; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DENSITY AB Fundamental parameters of liquid metal alloys are calculated using a first principles approach, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), with the goal of informing models of defect formation during solidification processing. Ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations (AIMD) are applied to liquid metal alloys ranging from simple metals to Rene-N4 and CMSX-4 to predict molar volumes (density), diffusion rates and local ordering. These include elemental Ni, Ni-5.4X, Ni-20X, and Ni-10Al-2.8X (X= W, Re, and Ta) (at%) alloys at 1750 and 1830 K. Calculated kinetics and the atomic distribution in the liquids indicate that simulations of 500 atoms run for approximately 7 ps converge the time-averaged properties, including molar volume. Overall diffusion rates and molar volumes are in good agreement with available experimental measurements, though the AIMD predictions appear to systematically underestimate thermal expansion. The method is then used to predict density inversion in three additional alloys, Ni-14Al-3W, CMSX-4 and Rene-N4 for temperatures and compositions expected in the mushy zone during directional solidification. Density inversion is predicted for these three alloys based on density and density contrast in the mushy zone, the prediction and ranking of the effect is consistent with previous studies. Predictions for molar volume are compared with the recent parameterization of molar volumes using extensive measurements of binary alloys. AIMD calculations validate the underlying assumptions of these models and illustrate the bounds in alloy chemistry for applying such techniques. C1 [Woodward, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lill, James] High Performance Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asta, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trinkle, Dallas R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Research Center AFRL-DSRC; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Materials Engineering for Affordable New Systems (MEANS-II) program FX This research was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Research Center AFRL-DSRC. MA and DRT were supported in part with a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Materials Engineering for Affordable New Systems (MEANS-II) program. The authors gratefully acknowledge insightful discussions with T. Pollock, P. Voorhees, J. Miller, O. Senkov, and S.H. Davis, and the technical assistance provided by S. Kajihara at the AFRLDSRC. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-94320-5 PY 2012 BP 537 EP 545 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGX57 UT WOS:000324518300059 ER PT J AU Turner, TJ Shade, PA Schuren, J Groeber, MA Miller, M Uchic, MD AF Turner, T. J. Shade, P. A. Schuren, J. Groeber, M. A. Miller, M. Uchic, M. D. BE Huron, ES Reed, RC Hardy, MC Mills, MJ Montero, RE Portella, PD Telesman, J TI TWO INTEGRATED EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO STUDY STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN NICKEL AND NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY POLYCRYSTALS SO SUPERALLOYS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP TMS DE Crystal-Plasticity; Synchrotron; X-Ray Diffraction; Digital Image Correlation; Lattice Strain ID CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; LOCALIZED DEFORMATION; CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEXTURE; SIMULATIONS; ALUMINUM; PLASTICITY; DEPENDENCE; EVOLUTION AB This work presents two integrated experimental and modeling approaches for examining polycrystals at different length scales, which utilize different experimental techniques but the same elasto-crystal plasticity based finite element model (CPFEM). The goal of this work is to calibrate modeling approaches through experimental data, and then use the models to gain insight into the mechanics of deformation in nickel and nickel-base superalloy polycrystals. The first study utilized a micro-tensile test specimen of pure nickel with 259 grains, where the CPFEM simulations were initiated with the explicit 3D microstructure as measured with 3D-Electron Back Scattering Detection (EBSD) serial sectioning and compared with surface deformations measured with Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The second study utilized a larger polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy specimen with approximately 50,000 grains, where the CPFEM simulation results are compared with lattice strain data obtained through high energy x-ray diffraction utilizing a synchrotron x-ray source. In both cases the simulations are compared with different aspects of the experimental strain information (surface strain or lattice strain), and then the simulations are used to explore aspects of the heterogeneous nature of the deformation that are difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. C1 [Turner, T. J.; Shade, P. A.; Schuren, J.; Groeber, M. A.; Uchic, M. D.] AFRL RXLMP, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turner, TJ (reprint author), AFRL RXLMP, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS); National Science Foundation [DMR-0225180] FX This work is based upon research conducted at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award DMR-0225180. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-94320-5 PY 2012 BP 643 EP 652 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGX57 UT WOS:000324518300072 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Pollock, TM AF Miller, Jonathan D. Pollock, Tresa M. BE Huron, ES Reed, RC Hardy, MC Mills, MJ Montero, RE Portella, PD Telesman, J TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN OPTIMIZATION PROTOCOL FOR DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION: INTEGRATING FUNDAMENTAL THEORY, EXPERIMENTATION AND MODELING TOOLS SO SUPERALLOYS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Seven Springs, PA SP TMS DE Directional Solidification; Solidification Modeling; Liquid Metal Cooling AB A protocol for identifying the preferred process conditions for directional solidification has been developed using the axial thermal gradient at the surface of the casting during solidification. Solidification modeling has been utilized to predict local thermal conditions during solidification for a broad range of geometrical configurations, alloy compositions and heat-extraction conditions. Three different mold configurations were evaluated for three alloy compositions using both conventional and high-gradient directional solidification processes. The high-gradient directional solidification process investigated was the Liquid Metal Cooling (LMC) process that utilizes a liquid-metal coolant in the cold zone of the directional-solidification furnace. Process conditions associated with the development of dendritic structure and solidification defects have been analyzed in detail for each configuration. Classical defect maps have been extended to consider the important effects of solid-liquid interface curvature. The utilization of the surface maximum axial thermal gradient as a means to identify preferred processing conditions is applicable to a range of solidification conditions, and accounts for changes in casting geometry, alloy composition or degree of heat-extraction. Experiments have been conducted to validate model predictions and improve the understanding of the role of solid-liquid interface curvature on dendrite-growth morphology. The optimization technique has been demonstrated for an atypical casting configuration and applied to a complex geometry, in which time-dependent process conditions were required to maintain desired single-crystal growth. C1 [Miller, Jonathan D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-94320-5 PY 2012 BP 653 EP 662 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGX57 UT WOS:000324518300073 ER PT S AU Saylor, WW Richie, DJ AF Saylor, William W. Richie, David J. BE Osborne, ML TI OPTIMAL SPACE EFFECTS: DRIVING FUTURE MILITARY GN&C TECHNOLOGY NEEDS SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 03-08, 2012 CL Breckenridge, CO SP AAS, Rocky Mt Sect AB This work builds on current exquisite performance in a variety of spacecraft components, subsystems, and algorithms in very demanding guidance, navigation, and control applications through flowing future national interest goals into satellite platform technology requirements within plausible constellation constructs identified along the way. Rather than hypothesizing new developments at the component and algorithm level, the paper focuses on the underlying rationale and methods for pushing the state-of-the-art GNC subsystems for space, from identifying future military challenges, to meeting planned threats with robust space effects (i.e. precise navigation and timing; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance collection), the carefully designed, analyzed, integrated, and tested satellite systems usually work as well as expected on orbit and generally demonstrate robust performance in the presence of space environmental uncertainties. However, the latest complication is that each satellite must continually calculate power, energy, bandwidth, memory storage and thermal constraints and then "play forward" in, for example, a receding horizon optimal control construct that calculates the next move in an infinite game of space chess. The remainder of this work, then, initiates this investigation through identifying constellation constructs, addressing the utility optimal algorithms have on advancing the state-of the-art while still leveraging today's hardware with minimal changes, demonstrates how this all works with a single ISR small satellite slewing maneuver, and presents future tasks needed to adequately evolve these steps from concept to reality, noting that each optimization step, however simplified, places new GNC requirements upon space mission designers and developers. C1 [Saylor, William W.] USAF Acad, Air Force Res Lab AFRL Liaison, Space Syst Res Ctr, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Saylor, WW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Air Force Res Lab AFRL Liaison, Space Syst Res Ctr, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-585-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 144 BP 357 EP 372 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFX61 UT WOS:000321807500024 ER PT B AU Doyle, D Reynolds, W Arritt, B Taft, B AF Doyle, Derek Reynolds, Whitney Arritt, Brandon Taft, Brenton GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL SETUP OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING FOR REAL-TIME THERMAL VERIFICATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA ID SPACE STRUCTURES; BOLTED JOINTS; RESISTANCE AB Research at the AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate is being conducted to reduce schedule times for assembly, integration, and test, to make satellite-based capabilities more responsive to user needs. Structural Health Monitoring has been pursued as a means for validating workmanship and has been proven on PnPSat-1. Embedded ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) have been utilized with local and global inspection techniques, developed both in house and by collaborating universities, to detect structural changes that may occur during assembly, integration, and test. Specific attention has focused on interface qualification. It is now reasonable to believe that evaluation of interfaces through the use of such sensors can also be used to indirectly qualify the structure thermally and that tedious thermal-vacuum testing may be truncated or eliminated altogether. This paper focuses on the computational development of extracting thermal properties from ultrasonic transmission records. Methods are validated on simple bolted lap-joint cantilever beams. C1 [Doyle, Derek; Reynolds, Whitney; Arritt, Brandon; Taft, Brenton] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Doyle, D (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5472-3 PY 2012 BP 447 EP 453 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA72 UT WOS:000322090300054 ER PT B AU Reynolds, W Doyle, D Arritt, B AF Reynolds, Whitney Doyle, Derek Arritt, Brandon GP ASME TI INSIGHT INTO ACTIVE HEALTH MONITORING METHODS USING MACHINE LEARNING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA AB Current satellite validation tests involve numerous procedures to qualify the space vehicle for the vibrations expected during launch and for exposure to the space environment. Structural Health Monitoring methods are being considered in an effort to truncate the number of validation tests required for satellite checkout. The most promising of these monitoring techniques uses an active wave-based method in which an active piezoelectric transducer propagates a Lamb wave through the structure, where it is then received by a second sensor and evaluated over time to detect structural changes. Thus far, this method has proven effective in locating structural defects in a complex satellite panel; however, the attributes associated with the first wave arrival change significantly as the wave travels through ribs and interfaces. This study establishes a method to identify important features in the sensor signal that may otherwise be missed. In this work, an FE model of a plate is developed, and variability is introduced for each state observation. Different states are modeled as masses distributed at 12 locations. Signals are obtained through an explicit time-domain analysis. Matching Pursuit Decomposition is used to extract physically significant parameters from the signal, the features are reduced to a more manageable subset, and Support Vector Machines are utilized to identify important features in the sensor signal. The results of the classification indicate that for a plate specimen the extracted feature corresponding to anti-symmetric wave mode interaction with damage does the best job of differentiating damage states. C1 [Reynolds, Whitney; Doyle, Derek; Arritt, Brandon] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Reynolds, W (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5472-3 PY 2012 BP 535 EP 543 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA72 UT WOS:000322090300065 ER PT B AU Maschmann, MR Ehlert, GJ Baur, JW AF Maschmann, Matthew R. Ehlert, Gregory J. Baur, Jeffery W. GP ASME TI PIEZORESISTIVE RESPONSE OF ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS FOR FLOW SENSING APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA ID AIR; RESISTANCE; FILMS; HAIRS AB We investigate the electromechanical sensing capabilities of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays as a means for a lightweight and simple electromechanical transduction element. CNT array heights of 25 and 350 mu m are examined using a modified dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) to impart multiple strain-based test configurations while simultaneously measuring electrical resistance. Observed gauge factors range from 12.5 for the 25 mu m array to greater than 190 for the 350 mu m array, with a peak sensitivity of 13,750 ohms/gram force achieved for the 350 mu m array. The electromechanical response observed was independent of the examined frequency range, suggesting high fidelity sensory capabilities. Results of this study serve as a preliminary proof of concept for using CNT arrays as a transduction mechanism for a proposed artificial hair sensor for small air vehicles. C1 [Maschmann, Matthew R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maschmann, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5472-3 PY 2012 BP 673 EP 680 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA72 UT WOS:000322090300081 ER PT B AU McClung, AJW Shumaker, JA Baur, JW AF McClung, Amber J. W. Shumaker, Joseph A. Baur, Jeffery W. GP ASME TI NOVEL BISMALEIMIDE-BASED SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS: COMPARISON TO COMMERCIAL SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA ID DEFORMATION AB A series of novel shape memory polymers, synthesized from 4-4-bismaleimidodiphenyl-methane, an extended chain aliphatic diamine, and a bis-isocyanate, have been created and characterized with the aim of providing a family of robust high temperature shape memory polymers with tailorable transition temperatures for use in reconfigurable aerospace structures. In the present study, three of the polymers are chosen for more detailed study of their thermomechanical properties. These materials are compared to commercial resins Veriflex (R) and Veriflex-E (R) which are styrene- and epoxy-based proprietary formulations, respectively. The thermal and mechanical properties are determined utilizing thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The temperatures at which 2% weight loss is observed in dry air ranges from 272 to 305 degrees C for the synthesized polymers, and occurs at 242 and 317 degrees C for the commercial Veriflex (R) and Veriflex-E (R) respectively. The glass transition temperatures, as measured by the peak in the tan(delta) curve, for the synthesized polymers range from 110 to 144 degrees C which is a higher than the Veriflex (R) and Veriflex-E (R) achieve at 84.3 and 100 degrees C respectively. With operation temperatures of subsonic structural aircraft components often reaching 121 degrees C (250 degrees F), the transition temperatures of the bismaleimide-based shape memory polymers are clearly desirable to ensure that shape memory polymers used in aircraft structures will not be prematurely triggered by the existing heat loads. In addition, the shape memory performance of the bismaleimide-based shape memory polymers compares well with the Veriflex (R) and Veriflex-E (R) resins. C1 [McClung, Amber J. W.; Shumaker, Joseph A.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Dir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McClung, AJW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Dir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5471-6 PY 2012 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA73 UT WOS:000322090400014 ER PT B AU Tandon, GP Goecke, KE Justice, RS AF Tandon, G. P. Goecke, K. E. Justice, Ryan S. GP ASME TI INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND UV-CONDITIONING ON THE MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF POLYMERIC FOAM UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA AB The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of microstructure, specifically, variations in foam cell size and density, on the compressive stress-strain behavior of polymeric foam material. Foams with varying densities are examined under incremental loadings to different prescribed strain levels. A comparison is made of the maximum stress level attained during deformation and residual strain on complete unloading and following recovery. Additionally, the durability of the foam material on exposure to service environment, namely, exposure to ultra-violet (UV) light and humidity, is considered. Cylindrical compression samples are exposed to Xenon Arc (63 degrees C, 18 minutes water and light/102 minutes light only) and spectral intensity of 0.3 to 0.4 watts/m(2) for 288 cycles. Parameters investigated include changes in modulus, maximum stress, residual strain and linear shape recovery due to conditioning and mechanical cycling. C1 [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K. E.; Justice, Ryan S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Dir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Dir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5471-6 PY 2012 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA73 UT WOS:000322090400015 ER PT B AU Phillips, DM Baur, JW AF Phillips, David M. Baur, Jeffery W. GP ASME TI THERMAL ACTIVATION OF SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS THROUGH VASCULAR MEANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (SMASIS 2011), VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP ASME, AIAA AB Thermal activation of shape memory polymers requires a heating mechanism that will achieve a temperature range that exceeds a minimum triggering temperature but does not overheat the material. In laboratory practice, ovens are typically used to achieve a uniform temperature during testing. In practical applications, active heating schemes must be utilized that are robust enough to handle changing environmental conditions. In this work, we analyze the intricacies of vascular heating and cooling methodologies for shape memory polymers operating in an open environment. Our methodology is based on analytical modeling of the steady state surface temperature of shape memory polymers that incorporate vascular channels. With the material properties and environmental conditions, the model is used to predict appropriate channel geometry for triggering the shape memory polymer. Thermography is used to verify the model predictions for real systems of shape memory polymers. C1 [Phillips, David M.] UTC, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Phillips, DM (reprint author), UTC, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5471-6 PY 2012 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGA73 UT WOS:000322090400019 ER PT S AU Domonkos, MT Heidger, S Brown, D Cavazos, T Devoe, A Dogan, F Gale, D O'Loughlin, J Parker, J Sandoval, D Slenes, K Sommars, W Watrous, J AF Domonkos, M. T. Heidger, S. Brown, D. Cavazos, T. Devoe, A. Dogan, F. Gale, D. O'Loughlin, J. Parker, J. Sandoval, D. Slenes, K. Sommars, W. Watrous, J. BE Hegeler, F TI Solid Dielectric Transmission Lines for Pulsed Power SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC) CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Navy, Naval Res Lab, GE, INP Greifswald, L3 Appl Technologies, Pulse Sci, Lockheed Martin, Ness Engn Inc DE solid dielectric; transmission line; pulsed power AB This paper documents recent work developing solid dielectric transmission lines for sub-microsecond, 100 kV class compact pulsed power systems. Polymer-ceramic nanocomposite materials have demonstrated sub-microsecond discharge capability in parallel plate capacitors and transmission lines [1, 2]. With a dielectric constant of approximately 50, the propagation velocity is 2.5 cm/ns, necessitating lines of several meters length to achieve > 100 ns pulse lengths. By folding the line in a fashion analogous to ceramic multilayer capacitors, the physical length of the line can be significantly shorter than the electrical length. We present the results of an experimental effort to develop a folded transmission line using a polymer-ceramic nanocomposite dielectric. The pulse length was somewhat shorter than expected based on a simple calculation using the geometry and the dielectric constant. Fully 3-D electromagnetic calculations were used to examine the role of the edges in curtailing the pulse length. Dielectric breakdown in this device occurred below the electric field threshold demonstrated in the prior work [1]. Improvements in the large scale fabrication of TiO2 beginning with nanoscale grains have opened the possibility for producing single layer high voltage devices. Given a dielectric constant approaching 140, transmission lines using nano-TiO2 can be considerably shorter than with other materials. Relatively thick, flat sheets of TiO2 have been fabricated for testing up to 50 kV. Several transmission lines, employing a serpentine electrode geometry, have been manufactured and tested. Testing up to several 10's of kV has confirmed the operation of the lines according to the design. As expected, the triple point between the TiO2, electrode, and insulating medium has proven difficult to manage for high voltage operation. Several techniques to mitigate the effects of the triple point, including resistive grading at the edges of the electrodes, are discussed. Fully 3-D electromagnetic modeling is used to examine the effects of electrode geometry and composition on the performance of the lines. C1 [Domonkos, M. T.; Heidger, S.; O'Loughlin, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4673-1225-7; 978-1-4673-1222-6 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2012 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGB05 UT WOS:000322131200042 ER PT B AU Finomore, V Stewart, J Singh, R Raj, B Dallman, R AF Finomore, Victor, Jr. Stewart, John Singh, Rita Raj, Bhiksha Dallman, Ron GP International Speech Communications Association TI Demonstration of Advanced Multi-Modal, Network-Centric Communication Management Suite SO 13TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2012 (INTERSPEECH 2012), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Portland, OR SP Int Speech Commun Assoc DE Multi-Modal Display; Communication Interface Automatic Speech Recognition AB The Multi Modal Communication tool was developed to improve mission effectiveness for Command and Control operators. This communication management suite combines mature communication technology to provide the operator with an intuitive display that allows on-demand access to mission critical communication data. C1 [Finomore, Victor, Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Finomore, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM victor.finomore@wpafb.af.mil; stewartjm@gmail.com; rsingh@cs.cmu.edu; bhiksha@cs.cmu.edu; ron.dallman.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-62276-759-5 PY 2012 BP 2119 EP 2120 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFO97 UT WOS:000320827201084 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Binz, C Segerman, A Roe, K Schumacher, PW AF Sabol, Chris Binz, Christopher Segerman, Alan Roe, Kevin Schumacher, Paul W., Jr. BE Schaub, H Gunter, BC Russell, RP Cerven, WT TI PROBABILITY OF COLLISION WITH SPECIAL PERTURBATIONS DYNAMICS USING THE MONTE CARLO METHOD SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2011, PTS I - IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL AK SP AAS, AIAA ID OBJECTS AB Special perturbations-based Monte Carlo methods were used to investigate approaches for estimating the probability of collision between two satellites. Sample populations for each satellite are produced via the covariance at epoch, then each sample is propagated to the time span of interest where the closest point of approach between samples is determined. The output of the Monte Carlo analyses produce a cumulative distribution function of miss distance, which, given the combined radius of the two satellites, can be translated into a probability of collision estimate. Comparisons are made against an analytical method and a two-body Monte Carlo method for LEO and GEO orbit cases. Additionally, the impact of covariance realism is considered through the introduction of a scale factor to the covariance matrix. The results indicate that, although the analytic method matches the Monte Carlo methods at the time of closest approach for the LEO case, the probability of collision calculations are in error likely because the propagated Cartesian covariance used as input do not adequately represent the orbit error probability distributions; these errors may be smaller, however, than errors due to covariance realism in general. A high performance computing framework called Collision and Conjunction Analysis (CoCoA), using shared or distributed memory, was utilized to generate results in a timely manner. C1 [Sabol, Chris; Schumacher, Paul W., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, AF Maui Opt & Supercomp, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AF Maui Opt & Supercomp, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-577-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 142 BP 1081 EP 1093 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFY99 UT WOS:000321933400062 ER PT S AU DeMars, KJ Bishop, RH Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Bishop, Robert H. Jah, Moriba K. BE Schaub, H Gunter, BC Russell, RP Cerven, WT TI SPACE OBJECT TRACKING IN THE PRESENCE OF ATTITUDE-DEPENDENT SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE EFFECTS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2011, PTS I - IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL AK SP AAS, AIAA AB The tracking of space objects (SOs) is often accomplished via measurement systems such as optical telescopes, where the observations occur infrequently, leading to long periods of time in which the SO uncertainty must be propagated. Given that the uncertainty associated with an SO is described by a probability density function (pdf), the infrequent measurements and subsequent long arcs of propagation lead to difficulties in reacquisition due to inaccurate methods for the propagation of the pdf. The standard methods for propagation of the pdf are typically those of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) or unscented Kalman filter (UKF) which make use of only the first two moments of the pdf, thereby limiting their ability to accurately describe the actual pdf. This work examines an improved propagation scheme which allows for the pdf to be represented by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) that is adapted online via splitting of the GMM components based on the detection of nonlinearity during the propagation. In doing so, the GMM approximation adaptively includes additional components as nonlinearity is encountered and can therefore be used to more accurately approximate the pdf. The improved representation of the uncertainty region of the SO can then be used to more consistently reacquire SOs, thereby improving the overall tracking of space objects. It is shown (via simulation) that the improved propagation scheme leads to a more realistic and accurate representation of the region of uncertainty. Furthermore, when the more accurately propagated uncertainty is fused with incoming measurement data, it is shown that the resultant updated uncertainty more accurately represents the true state and yields a smaller region of uncertainty. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] Air Force Res Lab, NRC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, NRC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-577-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 142 BP 2801 EP 2820 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFY99 UT WOS:000321933401043 ER PT S AU DeMars, KJ Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Jah, Moriba K. BE Schaub, H Gunter, BC Russell, RP Cerven, WT TI EVALUATION OF THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF OBSERVATIONS WITH APPLICATION TO SENSOR MANAGEMENT FOR ORBIT DETERMINATION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2011, PTS I - IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL AK SP AAS, AIAA ID FILTER; TRACKING; ROBUST AB Information regarding the state of a space object (SO) is typically inferred via measurement systems such as optical telescopes or radar systems. As the measurement systems become more advanced, a greater number of SOs can be detected which leads to an ever-increasing number of SOs that need to be uniquely identified. Given the lack of ubiquitous observations, scarce sensor resources must be optimally utilized, i.e. so that the telescope or radar systems are not tasked to acquire redundant or useless information. Additionally, in the Situation where multiple systems can observe the same object, the observation geometry needs to be accounted for so that the sensor which can provide the most information is employed, enabling other sensors to dedicate their time to observing other objects. This leads to a need for methods which evaluate the information gain (ambiguity reduction) that can be expected from any given sensor observing any given SO. To address this need, this work examines several information-theoretic approaches to determining the information content of observations and compares the different developed methods in the context of assessing the measurement utility and observation scheduling for orbit determination problems. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-577-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 142 BP 3169 EP 3188 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFY99 UT WOS:000321933401064 ER PT S AU Hoffman, CA AF Hoffman, Christopher A. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Mitigating Impacts of Underwater Noise From Dredging on Beluga Whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article C1 US Army Corps Engineers, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Hoffman, CA (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. EM Christopher.A.Hoffman@usace.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-7310-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2012 VL 730 BP 617 EP 619 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7311-5_140 PG 3 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BFV95 UT WOS:000321592700140 PM 22278577 ER PT S AU Baird, LC Carlisle, MC Bahn, WL Smith, E AF Baird, Leemon C., III Carlisle, Martin C. Bahn, William L. Smith, Eric GP IEEE TI The Glowworm hash: Increased Speed and Security for BBC Unkeyed Jam Resistance SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc AB Jam resistance for omnidirectional wireless networks is an important problem. Existing jam-resistant systems use a secret spreading sequence or secret hop sequence, or some other information that must be kept secret from the jammer. There is currently only one system for achieving such jam resistance without any shared secret: BBC coding. BBC requires the use of a hash function that is fast and secure, but "secure" in a different sense than for standard cryptographic hashes. At MILCOM-2010, the Inchworm hash was presented In which is 300 times faster than SHA-1 for this application, and had no security flaws yet known. A variant of it, Inchworm-S, was also presented, that was intended to be more secure. We present an academic break of both Inchworm and Inchworm-S, and a practical break of the former. The advantage to the attacker is very small, but it is definitely detectable. We also present a new hash algorithm: Glowworm. Glowworm is simpler than Inchworm, and the same speed as Inchworm-S, while being more secure. We mathematically prove that it is immune to the theoretical attack we show for Inchworm and Inchworm-S. We also show empirically that it is immune to our empirical attack on Inchworm, even when the attack algorithm is run for much longer periods. In fact, we show that for our best attack software, it is indistinguishable from SHA-1, MD5, and all five SHA-3 candidates. We also mathematically prove that it has avalanche properties that prevent many other types of internal-state collisions and related attacks. We give a public domain, optimized, portable, C implementation of Glowworm. For incremental hashes as used in BBC codes, it can hash a string of arbitrary length in 11 clock cycles. That is not 11 cycles per bit or 11 cycles per byte. That is 11 cycles to hash the entire string, given that the current string being hashed differs from the last in only an addition or deletion of its last bit. Finally, we discuss our implementation of Glowworm in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), where it runs in just one clock cycle per string, using only a modest amount of resources. C1 [Baird, Leemon C., III; Carlisle, Martin C.; Bahn, William L.] USAF Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, LC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Leemon@Leemon.com; eric@brouhaha.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900178 ER PT S AU Clark, M AF Clark, Michael GP IEEE TI Robust Wireless Channel Based Secret Key Extraction SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc ID UNAUTHENTICATED PUBLIC CHANNELS; AGREEMENT AB Prior work in channel based key extraction has assumed that the adversary has negligible knowledge/control of the wireless channel. Recent analysis, however, has shown that this assumption is not necessarily valid. Gaining a better understanding of the implications of this assumption is crucial as the wireless channel plays a critical role in the security of this type of key extraction system. In this paper, we discuss why we feel this assumption oversimplifies the problem and present a formal adversary model which takes into account an adversary's knowledge/control of the wireless channel. We present impossibility results learned from our formal model and discuss why previously proposed systems fail to defend against our adversary. We propose the first secret key extraction system which thwarts this adversary and give a generic implementation of our system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clark, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.clark2@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900029 ER PT S AU Dubendorfer, CK Ramsey, BW Temple, MA AF Dubendorfer, Clay K. Ramsey, Benjamin W. Temple, Michael A. GP IEEE TI An RF-DNA Verification Process for ZigBee Networks SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE RF-DNA; fingerprinting; ZigBee; verification; authentication; network security AB Impersonation of authorized network devices is a serious concern in applications involving monitoring and control of battlefield operations and military installation infrastructure ZigBee is among the ad hoc network alternatives used for such purposes. There are considerable security concerns given the availability of ZigBee "hacking" tools that have evolved from methods used for IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi and IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth attacks. To mitigate the effectiveness of these bit-level attacks, RF waveform features within the lowest OSI physical (PHY) layer are used to augment bit-level security mechanisms within higher OSI layers. The evolution of RF 'Distinct Native Attribute' (RF-DNA) fingerprinting continues here with a goal toward improving defensive RF Intelligence (RFINT) measures and enhancing rogue device detection. Demonstrations here involve ZigBee burst collection and RF-DNA fingerprint generation using experimentally collected emissions from like-model CC2420 ZigBee devices operating at 2.4 GHz. RF-DNA fingerprints from 7 authorized devices are used for Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) training and authorized device classification performance assessed, i.e. answering: "Is the device 1 of M authorized devices?" Additional devices are introduced as impersonating rogue devices attempting to gain unauthorized network access by presenting false bit-level credentials for one of the M authorized devices. Granting or rejecting rogue network access is addressed using a claimed identity verification process, i.e, answering: "Does the device's current RF-DNA match its claimed bit-level identity?" For authorized devices, arbitrary classification and verification benchmarks of %C> 90% and %V > 90% are achieved at SNR approximate to 10.0 dB using a test statistic based on assumed Multivariate Gaussian (MVG) likelihood values. Overall, rogue device rejection capability is promising using the same verification test statistic, with %V < 10% (90% or better rejection) achieved for 11 of 14 rogue trials. One case yielded near 85% rogue verification (unauthorized access) and security cannot be a matter of chance work continues to find a more robust test statistic and improve the proposed process. C1 [Dubendorfer, Clay K.; Ramsey, Benjamin W.; Temple, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Dubendorfer, CK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Clay.Dubendorfer@afit.edu; Benjamin.Ramsey@afit.edu; Michael.Temple@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900244 ER PT S AU Ellinger, J Depoy, R Sanderson, J Huang, KY Wu, ZQ AF Ellinger, John Depoy, Randy Sanderson, Josh Huang, Kaiyu Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Blind Frequency Offset Estimation and Intercarrier Interference Cancelation for FD-MC-CDMA Systems in Aerial Vehicle Communication SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc ID OFDM SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; SPECTRUM; SCHEME AB FD-MC-CDMA is an attractive candidate for next generation high speed aerial vehicle communication for its high spectrum efficiency and excellent BER performance. Similar to other multi-carrier transmission technologies, FD-MC-CDMA suffers significant performance degradation resulting from intercarrier interference (ICI) in high mobility environments. Particularly, because of the ICI is observed from all other subcarriers, the benefit of decomposing subcarriers into non-contiguous sets diminishes. In this paper, we propose a parallel processing based blind frequency offset estimation and ICI cancelation method for FD-MC-CDMA system to significantly improve the BER performance in high mobility environment. Specifically, by exploiting frequency offset quantization, the proposed scheme takes advantage of the orthogonality of the ICI matrix and offers excellent ICI cancelation and significant BER improvement. Moreover, the proposed scheme does not lower the transmission rate or reduce the network capacity. It is important to note that the proposed ICI cancelation scheme maintains the low complexity of optimum multi-user detection (MUD) receiver and achieves the ICI cancelation and excellent BER performance at linearly growing cost. Simulation results in AWGN channel and multi-path fading channel confirm the performance of the proposed scheme in the presence of frequency offset and in mobile channel. C1 [Ellinger, John] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Depoy, Randy; Sanderson, Josh; Huang, Kaiyu; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ellinger, J (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU National Science Foundation; Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation, the Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900280 ER PT S AU Halford, TR Courtade, TA Turck, KA AF Halford, Thomas R. Courtade, Thomas A. Turck, Kurt A. GP IEEE TI The User Capacity of Barrage Relay Networks SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc AB Barrage relay networks (BRNs) are a class of mobile ad hoc networks based on an autonomous cooperative communications scheme that affords a distributed, rapid, and robust broadcast mechanism. BRN-based radios are currently being used operationally; understanding scaling laws for BRNs can thus shed light on how future systems ought be designed to address a wider range of military missions. It has previously been shown that BRNs scale optimally for broadcast traffic (in terms of sum throughput and latency). Furthermore, experimental evidence supports the scalability of BRNs in practice: a 215-node network of Trellis Ware's BRN-based Cheetah Net radios was demonstrated in 2010 as part of the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise. In this work, we study scaling laws for unicast in BRNs. The spatial extent of unicast transmissions in BRNs can be contained via controlled barrage regions (CBRs), while barrage access control protocols - which are a type of path-oriented medium access control (PO-MAC) protocol can be used to schedule CBRs in space and time. Traditional techniques for scaling analysis support neither autonomous cooperation nor POMAC protocols; we therefore study the fundamental limits of CBR-based protocols through the lens of user capacity, which we define as the maximum number of constant-rate, delay-optimal unicast flows that an n-node network can simultaneously support. The user capacity of dense networks operating under a CBR protocol is shown to scale as Theta(root n) when source-destination pairs are chosen randomly. BRNs are thus able to transport (Theta(root n/log n) bit-meters/sec, which is order optimal (in the Gupta-Kumar sense). If the source-destination pairs are instead chosen so that their separation (in hops) is a geometric random variable, then the user capacity scales as Theta(n/log n). Thus, in a wireless network dominated by localized traffic, BRNs can achieve throughput that is almost linear in the number of users. Finally, it is shown via software simulation that distributed, greedy algorithms provide order optimal scheduling of CBRs for both the random and localized traffic models. This suggests that scalable protocols for unicast in BRNs can be realized in practice. C1 [Halford, Thomas R.] TrellisWare Technol Inc, 16516 Via Esprillo,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Courtade, Thomas A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Sci Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Turck, Kurt A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Networking Technol Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Halford, TR (reprint author), TrellisWare Technol Inc, 16516 Via Esprillo,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. EM thalford@trellisware.com; tom.courtade@gmail.com; Kurt.Turck@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8750- 11- C- 0169] FX Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW- 2012- 4037 dated 20 Jul 2012. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SUPPORT AND DISCLAIMER: ( a) Contractor acknowledges Government's support in the publication of this paper. This material is based upon work funded by AFRL under AFRL Contract No. FA8750- 11- C- 0169. ( b) Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author( s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900176 ER PT S AU Lenzi, R Suri, N Uszok, A Hanna, J Milligan, J AF Lenzi, Rita Suri, Niranjan Uszok, Andrzej Hanna, James Milligan, James GP IEEE TI Supporting Information Management and Information Superiority via Federation Services SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE Information Management; Coalition Operations; Interoperability; Network-centric systems and technologies; System of systems AB Network-centric warfare is often credited for the superior warfighting capabilities of the United States. One of the fundamental requirements for network-centric warfare is the timely exchange of information critical to mission success. The Phoenix Information Management Services (IMS) have been developed to address this all-important requirement. This paper describes a set of federation services that extend the Phoenix IMS to span multiple enclaves or domains of information management. Federation services interconnect multiple instances of Phoenix and support controlled information exchange across enclaves. Federation services, coupled with the core Phoenix information management services, are a force multiplier, allowing information to be shared across not just one, but any number of domains and information spaces. This in turn promotes shared situational awareness, unity of command, and synchronized operations across a variety of missions. C1 [Lenzi, Rita; Suri, Niranjan; Uszok, Andrzej] IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Suri, Niranjan] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Hanna, James; Milligan, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Lenzi, R (reprint author), IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement [FA8750-02-2-0174] FX This project was sponsored in part by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement FA8750-02-2-0174. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900278 ER PT S AU Lightfoot, LE Laubie, E AF Lightfoot, Leonard E. Laubie, Ellen GP IEEE TI Channel Characterization and Throughput Tradeoff for Wireless Sensor Networks SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE Wireless Sensor Networks; Energy Detection; Frequency Hopping; Throughput AB With the growing number of wireless network standards operating in the unlicensed frequency band and the military moving toward commercial off the shelf technology, the next generation of wireless sensor networks must be robust against unintentional and hostile interference. One method that has gained interest to cope with the increased spectrum use and to combat the interference vulnerability in wireless sensor networks is frequency agile communication. These techniques typically entail spectrum sensing and dynamic frequency channel allocation. In this paper, the energy detection mechanism is used to investigate how the number of frequency channels characterized for spectrum sensing impacts the accuracy of frequency channel selection and how the number of channels characterized affects the achievable throughput. From the investigation, we observed a tradeoff between the number of channels characterized, the number of energy samples used in energy detection, and the achievable throughput. C1 [Lightfoot, Leonard E.; Laubie, Ellen] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Lightfoot, LE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900121 ER PT S AU Metzler, JM Holmes, BR Renodin, MP AF Metzler, James M. Holmes, Brian R. Renodin, Matthew P. GP IEEE TI An Architecture to Support Information Availability in the Tactical Domain SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE Distributed information systems; High performance computing; Information management AB Access to information is critical to both the commander in an AOC and the warfighter in the field. Typically information is readily available at centralized command posts, however, at the tactical edge, resources are far more limited, making information dissemination a challenge. Targeting pods, already found mounted to the hardpoints of many tactical aircraft, provide a cost effective platform for making information available to tactical users. To this end, the Network-Centric Exploitation and Tracking (N-CET) program is designing, developing, and implementing a proof of concept architecture for pods that is net-centric, reconfigurable, and allows processing at the sensor. The approach taken to achieve these attributes is to embed processing and communications on the pod, and employ net-centric exploitation and fusion algorithms to distil information from high fidelity sensor data. Information Management services provide the interface between the sensors, processing, and network, disseminating information between algorithms, and prioritizing it as it goes out over the network. This paper provides an overview of the N-CET architecture and the sensors and net-centric algorithms integrated to evaluate the performance of the architecture through ground based experimentation. C1 [Metzler, James M.; Holmes, Brian R.] AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Renodin, Matthew P.] ITT Excelis, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Metzler, JM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM james.metzler@rl.af.mil; brian.holmes@rl.a.mil; matthew.renodin@exelisinc.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900079 ER PT S AU Morelli, A Kohler, R Stefanelli, C Suri, N Tortonesi, M AF Morelli, Alessandro Kohler, Ralph Stefanelli, Cesare Suri, Niranjan Tortonesi, Mauro GP IEEE TI Supporting COTS Applications in Tactical Edge Networks SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE SOA; Tactical Edge Networks; Network Proxies; Legacy Application Support AB Military applications are relying more and more on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and software to build their information infrastructure. However, many COTS applications have been designed for wired infrastructure networks, where bandwidth and latency are not a problem, and exhibit severe performance problems when deployed in Tactical Edge Networks. To address the issues that traditional transport protocols, such as TCP, exhibit in this environment, researchers proposed several transport protocol solutions specifically developed for Tactical Edge Networks. However, these solutions require modifications to the applications in order to be adopted. This paper presents the Agile Computing Middleware (ACM) Net Proxy: a proxy-based approach to support the deployment of COTS applications on Tactical Edge Networks. Net Proxy transparently intercepts the applications' TCP and UDP traffic and conveys it over Mockets-based connections, while also providing other useful features such as stream compression. We tested Net Proxy in an emulated environment and the results demonstrate that, besides enabling the deployment of COTS applications, Net Proxy is also capable of improving their performance. C1 [Morelli, Alessandro; Suri, Niranjan] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Morelli, Alessandro; Stefanelli, Cesare; Tortonesi, Mauro] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, Ferrara, Italy. [Kohler, Ralph; Suri, Niranjan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Morelli, A (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750- 11- 2- 0095]; Office of Naval Research / U. S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) [N66001- 11- C- 0045] FX This effort has also been funded in part by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory under cooperative agreement FA8750- 11- 2- 0095 and by the Office of Naval Research / U. S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) under contract N66001- 11- C- 0045. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900202 ER PT S AU Pal, P Atighetchi, M Gronosky, A Loyall, J Payne, C Sinclair, A Froberg, B Grant, R AF Pal, Partha Atighetchi, Michael Gronosky, Andrew Loyall, Joseph Payne, Charles Sinclair, Asher Froberg, Brandon Grant, Robert GP IEEE TI Cooperative Red Teaming of a Prototype Surivable Service-Oriented System SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE component; Service-Oriented Architecture; Survivability; Adaptive Security; Red Team Evaluation AB An increasing number of military systems are being developed using service orientation. Some of the features that make service orientation appealing, like loose coupling, dynamism and composition-oriented system construction, make securing service-based systems more complicated. We have been developing technologies for Advanced Protected Services (APS) to improve the resilience and survival of services under cyber attack. These technologies introduce a layer to absorb, contain, and adapt to cyber attacks before attacks reach critical services. This paper describes an evaluation of these advanced protection technologies using cooperative red teaming. In cooperative red teaming, an independent red team launches attacks on a protected enclave in order to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of the protection technologies, but the red team is provided full knowledge of the system under test and its protections, and is given escalating levels of access to the system. The red team also operates within agreed upon rules of engagement designed to focus their effort on useful evaluation results. Apart from presenting the evaluation results, we also discuss cooperative red teaming as an effective means of evaluating cyber security. C1 [Pal, Partha; Atighetchi, Michael; Gronosky, Andrew; Loyall, Joseph] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Payne, Charles] Adventium Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Sinclair, Asher; Froberg, Brandon] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Pal, P (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ppal@bbn.com; matighet@bbn.com; agronosk@bbn.com; jloyall@bbn.com; charles.payne@adventiumlabs.com; Asher.Sinclair@rl.af.mil; Brandon.Froberg@rl.af.mil; Robert.Grant@rl.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory ( AFRL) [FA8750- 09- C- 0216]; [88ABW- 2012- 2507] FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory ( AFRL) under contract FA8750- 09- C- 0216. This paper is approved for public release dated 27 Apr 2012, case number 88ABW- 2012- 2507. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900211 ER PT S AU Patel, H Baldwin, R AF Patel, Hiren Baldwin, Rusty GP IEEE TI Differential Power Analysis Using Wavelet Decomposition SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc AB Differential Power Analysis (DPA) has been successfully used against crytographic hardware to extract the secret key in a non-invasive manner. However, the great success of DPA requires a large number of traces to overcome system noise or countermeasures, which equates to increased processing times and computing hardware requirements. We investigate wavelet decomposition of a DPA trace data set as a means to reducing the number of traces. By decomposing the signal into various wavelet coefficient levels, we identify those that reduce DPA performance and mitigate their impact. We achieve an 11.53% increase in correct key correlation value vs traditional DPA and exceed traditional DPA with as little as 30 traces. This method significantly reduces the number of traces needed to overcome system noise and counter-measures which introduce random operations. C1 [Patel, Hiren; Baldwin, Rusty] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45440 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45440 USA. EM hpatel@afit.edu; rbaldwin@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900053 ER PT S AU Patel, H Baldwin, R AF Patel, Hiren Baldwin, Rusty GP IEEE TI GPU Accelerated Differential Power Analysis SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc ID CUDA AB Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is a powerful technique that has proven devastatingly effective against various encryption algorithms such as AES, Triple-DES and RSA. DPA has been able to successfully extract the secret key from these algorithms during the process of decrypting cyphertext information. Even in implementations with counter-measures, DPA can still be effective with additional traces, however at the cost of a corresponding increase in processing times. Hundreds of thousands to millions of traces may be necessary to defeat counter-measures; even high-end workstations can take days to process such large data sets. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), available in most desktops as graphics cards on the other hand, have been effectively used in many parallel processing tasks. We use the GPU to accelerate DPA analysis and find a speedup of more than 200 times over workstation processing time. Using this method, we reduce computation time for a particular attack from 41 minutes to 12.24 seconds including the time for data transfer between the GPU and CPU. C1 [Patel, Hiren; Baldwin, Rusty] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45440 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45440 USA. EM hpatel@afit.edu; rbaldwin@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900052 ER PT S AU Stout, WMS Baldwin, RO AF Stout, William M. S. Baldwin, Rusty O. GP IEEE TI Network Performance Impact of Access Control Policies in Tactical Wireless Networks SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE Access control; tactical wireless network; cyber security; coalition networks; multinational networks AB Tactical Wireless Networks (TWN) are a cornerstone of military communications in deployed environments. In TWNs bandwidth and network resources are extremely limited; efficient security mechanisms must be considered as networks become exposed to multinational access, influence and composition as well as increasingly complex security protocols. The communication burden of the WSN Authorization Specification Language (WASL) access control policies on an Enhanced Position Location Reporting Service network is analyzed for three needlines: Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), Dynamically Allocated Permanent Virtual Circuits (DAP), and Multiple Source Group (MSG). Results determined that CSMA needlines quickly exhausted resources as nodes vied for transmission time; shorter delay times were experienced but suffered greater packet losses. The DAP needlines generally performed very well. The virtual circuits allowed data to be transmitted reliably resulting in a high completion rate with moderate to extreme delay times depending on resource contention. In small networks or networks with few sources, multiple MSG shares could be used to increase guaranteed bandwidth. The traffic model applied to the MSG network was well suited for this and had high completion rates for messages. However, as the number available of shares dwindled, delay and communication loss increased dramatically. C1 [Stout, William M. S.; Baldwin, Rusty O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stout, WMS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900266 ER PT S AU Vanderpoorten, J Moody, CJ Streland, CA Cohen, J Cornell, C Breese, S Pino, R Weatherford, V Hamilton, J AF Vanderpoorten, Joe Moody, Col Jay Streland, Col Arnold Cohen, Julie Cornell, Charles Breese, Steve Pino, Rich Weatherford, Virgil Hamilton, Jim GP IEEE TI Transformational Satellite Communications System (TSAT) Lessons Learned SO 2012 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2012) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, AFCEA Int, IEEE Commun Soc DE Acquisition Management; Global Information Grid; Satellite Acquisition; Risk Management; Enterprise Management AB The Transformational Satellite Communications System (TSAT) Program was intended to extend the Global Information Grid (GIG) to disadvantaged users through a robustly interconnected, high capacity space-based capability. Prior to its cancellation primarily for affordability, the $3B TSAT investment demonstrated many organizational, enterprise and technological innovations to deploy the next generation transformational communication technologies. While the government investment strategy has changed, many of these innovations remain relevant and useful to any system-of-systems acquisitions. With inputs from across TSAT's senior government acquisition and Federally Funded Research Development and Center (FFRDC) leadership, this paper explores the TSAT's lessons learned in support of future enterprise program planning. The paper also explores the technical challenges associated with interconnection of tactical Internet Packet (IP)-based communications systems. The paper's findings include governance successes and challenges across several management areas. C1 [Vanderpoorten, Joe; Moody, Col Jay; Streland, Col Arnold] USAF, IA-5, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Pino, Rich] USAF, SES, Washington, DC USA. [Cornell, Charles; Breese, Steve; Weatherford, Virgil; Hamilton, Jim] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. [Cohen, Julie] Carnegie Mellon SEI, Washington, DC USA. RP Vanderpoorten, J (reprint author), USAF, IA-5, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4673-1729-0; 978-1-4673-1730-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEY60 UT WOS:000318702900305 ER PT S AU Thompson, EA Anderson, T AF Thompson, Elizabeth A. Anderson, Timothy GP IEEE TI USE OF CUDA FOR THE CONTINUOUS SPACE LANGUAGE MODEL SO 2012 IEEE CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE EXTREME COMPUTING (HPEC) SE IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on High Performance Extreme Computing (HPEC) CY SEP 10-12, 2012 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE CUDA; CSLM; GPU; statistical signal processing; CUBLAS AB The training phase of the Continuous Space Language Model (CSLM) was implemented in the NVIDIA hardware/software architecture Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). Implementation was accomplished using a combination of CUBLAS library routines and CUDA kernel calls on three different CUDA enabled devices of varying compute capability and a time savings over the traditional CPU approach demonstrated. C1 [Thompson, Elizabeth A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Wayne, IN 46835 USA. [Anderson, Timothy] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH USA. RP Thompson, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Wayne, IN 46835 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-6943 BN 978-1-4673-1576-0; 978-1-4673-1577-7 J9 IEEE HIGH PERF EXTR PY 2012 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM10 UT WOS:000320462800005 ER PT J AU Beberniss, T Eason, T Spottswood, S AF Beberniss, T. Eason, T. Spottswood, S. BE Sas, P Moens, D Jonckheere, S TI High-speed 3D digital image correlation measurement of long-duration random vibration; recent advancements and noted limitations SO PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NOISE AND VIBRATION ENGINEERING (ISMA2012) / INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNCERTAINTY IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (USD2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA) / International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics (USD) CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL KU Leuven, Dept Mech Engn, Leuven, BELGIUM HO KU Leuven, Dept Mech Engn AB Results of a preliminary study on the application of high-speed three dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) to long-duration random vibration response measurement of compliant metallic structure typical of aircraft are presented. Various vibration test applications of dynamic DIC were investigated for accuracy and practicality, including modal identification, low-level dynamic strain measurement, and fatigue inducing high-level nonlinear random displacement response. Out-of-plane displacement response was measured with two high-speed charged coupled device (CCD) cameras and analyzed with 3D DIC software that has been modified to accommodate the required large volumes of digital images. Results were quantitatively compared to the more traditional measurement techniques of foil strain gages and laser Doppler vibrometry. Novel uses for high-level nonlinear random dynamic response DIC measurement were developed and verified while low-level modal identification testing is shown to be possible however, is very near the limit of current DIC dynamic range capabilities for most practical applications. C1 [Beberniss, T.; Eason, T.; Spottswood, S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Beberniss, T (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM timothy.beberniss@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE PI HEVERLEE PA CELESTIJNENLAAN 300B, HEVERLEE, B-3001, BELGIUM BN 978-90-73802-89-6 PY 2012 BP 1403 EP 1415 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BFR54 UT WOS:000321063901039 ER PT B AU Mertiny, P Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF Mertiny, Pierre Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B. BE Mertiny, P TI 2011 ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference CY JUL 17-21, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div C1 [Mertiny, Pierre] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mertiny, P (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4453-3 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFL08 UT WOS:000320340600001 ER PT B AU Rolling, AJ Byerley, AR Wisniewski, CF AF Rolling, August J. Byerley, Aaron R. Wisniewski, Charles F. GP ASME TI INTEGRATING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING INTO THE USAF ACADEMY CAPSTONE GAS TURBINE ENGINE COURSE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper is intended to serve as a template for incorporating technical management majors into a traditional engineering design course. In 2002, the Secretary of the Air Force encouraged the USAF Academy to initiate a new interdisciplinary academic major related to systems engineering. This direction was given in an effort to help meet the Air Force's growing need for "systems" minded officers to manage the development and acquisition of its ever more complex weapons systems. The curriculum for the new systems engineering management (SEM) major is related to the "engineering of large, complex systems and the integration of the many subsystems that comprise the larger system" and differs in the level of technical content from the traditional engineering major. The program allows emphasis in specific cadet-selected engineering tracks with additional course work in human systems, operations research, and program management. Specifically, this paper documents how individual SEM majors have been integrated into aeronautical engineering design teams within a senior level capstone course to complete the preliminary design of a gas turbine engine. As the Aeronautical engineering (AE) cadets performed the detailed engine design, the SEM cadets were responsible for tracking performance, cost, schedule, and technical risk. Internal and external student assessments indicate that this integration has been successful at exposing both the AE majors and the SEM majors to the benefits of "systems thinking" by giving all the opportunity to employ SE tools in the context of a realistic aircraft engine design project. C1 [Rolling, August J.; Byerley, Aaron R.; Wisniewski, Charles F.] USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. RP Rolling, AJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5463-1 PY 2012 BP 525 EP 535 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFQ42 UT WOS:000320967100052 ER PT B AU Rolling, AJ AF Rolling, August J. GP ASME TI DESIGN, MODEL, AND VIRTUALLY FLY: INVESTIGATION OF THE B-1A CRUISE PERFORMANCE WITH F101 ENGINES COMPARED WITH ITS RE-ENGINED PERFORMANCE USING F119 ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper examines application of AEDSYS and MATLAB design tools to virtually fly an engine in a platform through a mission. The primary objective of this effort was to develop the procedures for this process as an instructional tool. The secondary objective was application of the process to an actual case study, the re-engine of the B-1A. The resulting modular software uses performance data from engine models for the F101, F119, and a cadet designed engine built in AEDSYS; a B-1A drag polar model; as well as atmospheric and geospatial mapping tools available in MATLAB. The resulting simulation provides a relatable means of presenting this complicated information. This tool gives the cadets the opportunity to virtually fly their engine. This visualization gives them full insight into how the integrated system performs. Aside from providing a great means of discussing many aspects for consideration in engine design, it also provides an incentive to develop a higher performance engine through competition. C1 USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. RP Rolling, AJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5463-1 PY 2012 BP 537 EP 545 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFQ42 UT WOS:000320967100053 ER PT B AU Anthony, RJ Clark, JP Kennedy, SW Finnegan, JM Johnson, D Hendershot, J Downs, J AF Anthony, Richard J. Clark, John P. Kennedy, Stephen W. Finnegan, John M. Johnson, Dean Hendershot, James Downs, James GP ASME TI FLEXIBLE NON-INTRUSIVE HEAT FLUX INSTRUMENTATION ON THE AFRL RESEARCH TURBINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 5, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper describes a large scale heat flux instrumentation effort for the AFRL HIT Research Turbine. The work provides a unique amount of high frequency instrumentation to acquire fast response unsteady heat flux in a fully rotational, cooled turbine rig along with unsteady pressure data to investigate thermal loading and unsteady aerodynamic airfoil interactions. Over 1200 dynamic sensors are installed on the 1 & 1/2 stage turbine rig. Airfoils include 658 double-sided thin film gauges for heat flux, 289 fast-response Kulite pressure sensors for unsteady aerodynamic measurements, and over 40 thermocouples. An overview of the instrumentation is given with in-depth focus on the non-commercial thin film heat transfer sensors designed and produced in the Heat Flux Instrumentation Laboratory at WPAFB. The paper further describes the necessary upgrade of data acquisition systems and signal conditioning electronics to handle the increased channel requirements of the BIT Research Turbine. More modern, reliable, and efficient data processing and analysis code provides better handling of large data sets and allows easy integration with the turbine design and analysis system under development at AFRL. Example data from cooled transient blowdown tests in the TRF are included along with measurement uncertainty. C1 [Anthony, Richard J.; Clark, John P.; Kennedy, Stephen W.; Finnegan, John M.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Anthony, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5465-5 PY 2012 BP 1793 EP 1803 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFR71 UT WOS:000321076300159 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C Letcher, T Wertz, J Shen, MHH AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles Letcher, Todd Wertz, John Shen, M. -H. Herman GP ASME TI THE EFFECT OF HEAT GENERATION ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An energy-based life prediction method is used in this study to determine the fatigue life of tension-compression loaded components in the very low cycle regime between 10(2) and 10(4). The theoretical model for the energy-based prediction method was developed from the concept that the strain energy accumulated during both monotonic failure and an entire fatigue process are equal; In other words, the scalar quantity of strain energy accumulated during monotonic failure is a physical damage quantity that correlates to fatigue as well. The energy-based method has been successfully applied to fatigue life prediction of components failing in the fatigue regime between 10(4) and 10(7) cycles. To assess Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) with the prediction method, a clearer understanding of energy dissipation through heat, system vibration, damping, surface defects and acoustics were necessary. The first of these topics analyzed is heat. The analysis conducted studies the effect of heat generated during cyclic loading and heat loss from slipping at the interface of the grip wedges of the servo-hydraulic load frame and the test specimen. The reason for the latter is to address the notion that slippage in the experimental setup may be the cause of the reduction in the accuracy of the energy-based prediction method for LCF, which was seen in previous research. These analyses were conducted on Titanium 6A1-4V, where LCF experimental data for stress ratios R=-1 and R=-0.813 were compared with the energy-based life prediction method. The results show negligible effect on both total and cyclic energy from heat generation at the interface of the grip wedges and heat generation in the fatigue zone of the specimen. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5466-2 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFS59 UT WOS:000321160200001 ER PT B AU Marks, C Sondergaard, R Wolff, M Anthony, R AF Marks, Christopher Sondergaard, Rolf Wolff, Mitch Anthony, Rich GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF DBD PLASMA ACTUATORS FOR LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER SEPARATION CONTROL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; FLOW-CONTROL; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; AIR AB This paper presents experimental work comparing several Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator configurations for low Reynolds number separation control. Actuators studied here are being investigated for use in a closed loop separation control system. The plasma actuators were fabricated in the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate's thin film laboratory and applied to a low Reynolds number airfoil that exhibits similar suction surface behavior to those observed on Low Pressure (LP) Turbine blades. In addition to typical asymmetric arrangements producing downstream jets, one electrode configurations was designed to produce an array of off axis jets, and one produced a spanwise array of linear vertical jets in order to generate voracity and improved boundary layer to fivestream mixing. The actuators were installed on an airfoil and their performance compared by flow visualization, surface stress sensitive film (S3F), and drag measurements. The experimental data provides a clear picture of the potential utility of each design. Experiments were carried out at four Reynolds numbers, 1.4x10(5), 1.0 x 10(5), 6.0 x 10(4), and 5.0 x 10(4) at a -1.5 degrees angle of attack. Data was taken at the AFRL Propulsion Directorate's Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) facility. C1 [Marks, Christopher; Sondergaard, Rolf; Wolff, Mitch; Anthony, Rich] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marks, C (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5467-9 PY 2012 BP 581 EP 594 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFS60 UT WOS:000321160300049 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Patton, LK Himed, B Saville, MA AF Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham Saville, Michael A. BE Matthews, MB TI On the Applicability of Source Localization Techniques to Passive Multistatic Radar SO 2012 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY SIXTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2012 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgraduate Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The source localization problem concerns the detection and localization of an emitter whose transmission is observed by geographically separated receivers. The passive multistatic radar (PMR) problem concerns the detection and localization of a target that scatters an illumination signal to geographically separated receivers. By modeling the scattering target as an emitter, the techniques of source localization can be applied to the PMR problem. Indeed, this approach has recently been introduced in the literature. However, the exact relationship between the two problems has not been made explicit. In this work, we derive a centralized generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector that performs the processing characteristic of both source localization and PMR. This detector is used to assess the relative detection benefit provided by source localization in PMR. We show that source localization techniques are of limited utility in PMR due to the SNR regimes of the target-scattered and direct-path signals typical of the PMR signal environment. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Himed, Braham; Saville, Michael A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hack, Daniel E.; Saville, Michael A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpafb.af.mil; michael.saville@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4673-5051-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2012 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFO76 UT WOS:000320768400156 ER PT B AU Anderson, EK Hoke, JL Schauer, FR AF Anderson, Eric K. Hoke, John L. Schauer, Fred R. GP ASME TI STUDY OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATING IN A PULSED DETONATION ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 12-18, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB A pulse detonation engine (PDE) works by establishing regular purge-detonation cycles. During a cycle, a point inside the detonation tube downstream of the ignition source is exposed to extreme high temperature briefly as the detonation wave passes, followed by near room temperature purge gas. As is the case for many combustion systems, minimizing unwanted heat loss in a PDE is important to maximizing efficiency. For this reason, the effect of coating the inner wall of a detonation tube with a thin, low thermal conductivity coating was studied experimentally and computationally. A three inch diameter 304 stainless steel detonation tube with 1.65 mm wall thickness was coated on the inside with a 0.635 mm thick layer of 93% Zirconium Oxide and 7% Yttrium Oxide. Experimental results were obtained operating the PDE at a frequency of 10 Hz. Temperature was measured at four points on the exterior of the detonation tube between 33 and 45 inches downstream of the ignition source. At all locations measured, the exterior tube temperature would rise from an initial ambient temperature faster with the uncoated tube until a crossover point approximately 1000-1500 cycles after the start of the experiment. After this cross over point, outer wall temperature was higher for the coated tubes, which at this point was increasing faster for the tube with the thermal barrier. To better understand the physical reason why the insulated tube always reached a higher temperature after roughly 1000 cycles, a simplified computational model was created using a time-dependent, one-dimensional, implicit finite difference method to calculate the temperature at 20 evenly spaced nodes. The temperature profile of the tube was assumed to vary only radially, so the interior points were solved using the transient one-dimensional heat conduction equation. One dimensional convection boundaries were applied at the inner and outer walls of the tube. Boundary conditions of increasing complexity were applied, beginning with a constant temperature, natural convection condition at the outer wall and a forced convection boundary condition at the inner wall with a step change in temperature to simulate the detonation wave. Experimentally measured wall temperatures are presented and compared to computationally obtained temperature profiles. The focus is on understanding the physical reason for the behavior of the insulated tubes. C1 [Anderson, Eric K.] CNR, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hoke, John L.] Innovat Sci Solut, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Schauer, Fred R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, EK (reprint author), CNR, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM eric.anderson@wpafb.af.mil; john.hoke@wpafb.af.mil; frederick.schauer@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council; Air Force propulsion directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to extend their thanks to Curtis Rice and Christopher Stevens for technical support. Funding was provided by the National Research Council, the Air Force propulsion directorate, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4425-0 PY 2012 BP 113 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ67 UT WOS:000320140100013 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles GP ASME TI Geometric Optimization of Crack Arresting Holes in an Operational Component SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (IMECE 2010), VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 12-18, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Crack-growth arrest is analyzed in this study with the simulation of real-life fatigue of a structure during service. Unlike conventional crack-growth arrest studies, this research does not analyze an opening mode (Mode I) crack extension from an induced crack-tip specimen. The work in this analysis focuses on designing drill-holes into a structure, without a preexisting crack, that will operate under cyclic loads. The purpose of the holes is to prevent through-crack propagation if a crack initiates during service of the structure. Prevention reduces the possibility of a phenomenon. like Foreign Object Damage (FOD) by a fragment of a fractured structure in heavy operating machinery and over-looked cracks during routine inspections. The drill-hole design procedure for crack growth arrest explores the use of two, three and four-hole configurations as well as the effect of inserting hard Viton-rubber pins into each drill hole of a square plate test specimen. Each specimen configuration is geometrically designed with the following in mind: minimized the hole-to-fatigue zone stress ratio, minimize damping loss between the original and the new designs with holes and pins, and experimentally validating the theory of the crack arresting methods. The geometric optimization for the square plate specimen was developed in accordance with a vibration-based fatigue testing method for uniaxial bending, which is the benchmark method for this study. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4446-5 PY 2012 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BFM23 UT WOS:000320481000008 ER PT B AU Breitzman, TD Iarve, EV Ripberger, ER AF Breitzman, T. D. Iarve, E. V. Ripberger, E. R. GP ASME TI OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A COMPOSITE SCARF REPAIR PATCH UNDER TENSILE LOADING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2010, VOL 3, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 12-18, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Mechanics of the composite scarf repair under tensile loading with and without overlay plies was examined for nontraditional patch ply orientations. Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis was performed for repair failure prediction and good baseline comparison for open-hole scarfed panels and panels repaired by using standard ply-by-ply replacement patch composition was achieved. Multidimensional optimization was performed to calculate the repair patch ply orientations which minimize the von Mises stresses in the adhesive. These optimal stacking sequences achieved significant reduction of the stress levels and resulted in predicted up to 75% and 85% strength restoration for flush and single ply thickness over-ply repair. These results are intended to illustrate additional design variables available for efficient composite repair design, namely the composition of the repair patch. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Ripberger, E. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4427-4 PY 2012 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000320286400034 ER PT B AU Walls, KC Littlefield, DL Lambert, DE AF Walls, Kenneth C. Littlefield, David L. Lambert, David E. BE Papadakis, G TI ON DETERMINING CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE OF CASED MUNITIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE (PVP-2011), VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference CY JUL 17-21, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div AB In order to make the process of fragmentation of warhead cases more systematic, we have developed a procedure that makes use of nonlinear optimization to derive optimal values for case design parameters subject to various design constraints. A framework has been developed that makes use of the optimization software package LS-OPT driving the hydrocode CTH (CTH is developed and maintained at Sandia National Laboratories, LS-OPT is commercially available from Livermore Software Technology Corp.). CTH was used to model the explosive detonation and determine the resultant kinetic energy delivered to the case by the energetic material. In this follow-on effort to a previous study [1], the range of constraints and free parameters used in the optimization study was expanded. C1 [Walls, Kenneth C.; Littlefield, David L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Lambert, David E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Walls, KC (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4454-0; 978-0-7918-4454-0 PY 2012 BP 461 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFL57 UT WOS:000320410300056 ER PT S AU Wang, LH Shen, CC Seetharaman, G Palaniappan, K Bhattacharyya, SS AF Wang, Lai-Huei Shen, Chung-Ching Seetharaman, Gunasekaran Palaniappan, Kannappan Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S. GP IEEE TI MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATAFLOW GRAPH MODELING AND MAPPING FOR EFFICIENT GPU IMPLEMENTATION SO 2012 IEEE WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS (SIPS) SE IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS) CY OCT 17-19, 2012 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, Marvell, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Comp Soc DE Dataflow graph; multidimensional synchronous dataflow; graphics processing unit; integral histogram ID SYNCHRONOUS DATA-FLOW; DSP SYSTEMS AB Multidimensional synchronous dataflow (MDSDF) provides an effective model of computation for a variety of multidimensional DSP systems that have static dataflow structures. In this paper, we develop new methods for optimized implementation of MDSDF graphs on embedded platforms that employ multiple levels of parallelism to enhance performance at different levels of granularity. Our approach allows designers to systematically represent and transform multi-level parallelism specifications from a common, MDSDF-based application level model. We demonstrate our methods with a case study of image histogram implementation on a graphics processing unit (GPU). Experimental results from this study show that our approach can be used to derive fast GPU implementations, and enhance trade-off analysis during design space exploration. C1 [Wang, Lai-Huei; Shen, Chung-Ching; Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Seetharaman, Gunasekaran] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Palaniappan, Kannappan] Univ Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MD USA. RP Wang, LH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM laihuei@umd.edu; ccshen@umd.edu; Gunasekaran.Seetharaman@rl.af.mil; palaniappank@missouri.edu; ssb@umd.edu OI Bhattacharyya, Shuvra/0000-0001-7719-1106 FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences (LTS) FX The authors acknowledge the Government's support in the publication of this paper. The material is based upon work funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences (LTS). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of AFRL or LTS. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-3562 BN 978-0-7695-4856-2; 978-1-4673-2986-6 J9 IEEE WORKSHOP SIG PY 2012 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1109/SiPS.2012.10 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFE21 UT WOS:000319344000052 ER PT S AU Kambouro, KE Nguyen, DD Kouhestani, C Devine, RAB AF Kambouro, K. E. Nguyen, D. D. Kouhestani, C. Devine, R. A. B. GP IEEE TI Measurement and Modeling of Duty-Cycle Effects Due to NBTI SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), IEEE Reliabil Soc AB One of the most important requirements for modeling of the long-term effects of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on device/circuit response is an understanding of how to include the effect of duty cycle on the threshold voltage shift. Since NBTI is known to be comprised of both permanent and recoverable components, a measurement protocol must be established enabling separation of these components and then their recombination to predict the shift for different duty cycles. In the work reported here, we have endeavored to address these issues by combining pulsed and pseudo-DC stressing/relaxation methods. C1 [Kambouro, K. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, OSAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Nguyen, D. D.; Kouhestani, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, COSMIAC, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Devine, R. A. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Think Strategically, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Kambouro, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, OSAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. FU U.S. Air Force; United States Air Force Air Force Material Command; Kirtland Air Force Base [N.M. 87117-5776]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-08 2-0259] FX The work performed by K. Kambour was supported by the U.S. Air Force under a contract sponsored, monitored, and managed by United States Air Force Air Force Material Command, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M. 87117-5776.; Duc Nguyen's and Camron Kouhestani's work is sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA9453-08 2-0259 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4673-2752-7; 978-1-4673-2749-7 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2012 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFE19 UT WOS:000319340400039 ER PT S AU McDonald, NR Bishop, SM Cady, NC AF McDonald, N. R. Bishop, S. M. Cady, N. C. GP IEEE TI Experimentally Demonstrated Filament-based Switching Mechanism for Al/CuxO/Cu Memristive Devices SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), IEEE Reliabil Soc ID NONVOLATILE MEMORY APPLICATION; RESISTIVE MEMORY; CUXO FILMS AB Al/CuxO/Cu memristive devices created via a plasma oxidation step have previously demonstrated complete nonpolar switching behavior [1]. An additional material contamination control measure resulted in improved uniformity of I-V curve behavior but necessitated an initial forming step in most devices. The operation voltages were irrespective of switching style and top electrode (TE) size. The high resistance state resistance increased with decreasing TE size; the low resistance state resistance remained invariant. Lateral switching of memristive device pairs unambiguously indicated filament-based device switching. A voltage-driven CuxO filament composition modulation switching mechanism is suggested instead of the popular Joule heating RESET mechanism. C1 [McDonald, N. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Bishop, S. M.; Cady, N. C.] Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY USA. RP McDonald, NR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory; Information Directorate in Rome, NY FX This work was supported by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate in Rome, NY. This research was conducted in collaboration with the college of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, NY. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4673-2752-7; 978-1-4673-2749-7 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2012 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFE19 UT WOS:000319340400054 ER PT S AU Schneider, S Hawkins, T Ahmed, Y Deplazes, S Mills, J AF Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tom Ahmed, Yonis Deplazes, Stephan Mills, Jeff BE Visser, AE Bridges, NJ Rogers, RD TI Ionic Liquid Fuels for Chemical Propulsion SO IONIC LIQUIDS: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids: Science and Applications / 243rd National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID HYPERGOLIC FUELS; DICYANAMIDE; NITROCYANAMIDE; DECOMPOSITION; IGNITION; MELAMINE AB The ionic liquid (IL) program at the Air Force Research Laboratory is investigating tailored energy-dense liquids to provide a scientific foundation for the advancement of the performance and operability envelopes of current propulsion systems. General efforts focus on the discovery of energetic ILs based on heterocyclic and open-chain cations in combination with reactive anions. A major goal has been the development of IL fuels which undergo hypergolic ignition upon contact with common propulsion oxidizers. This account discusses the combination of some azolium, ammonium, hydrazinium, guanidinium and hydrazidinium cations with dicyanamide, nitrocyanamide, cyanoureate, nitrate, azide and tricyanomethanide anions. Their synthesis and characterization are described along with results of simple hypergolicity drop tests. The utility and reproducibility of these tests and possible mechanistic scenarios for these reactions are also discussed. C1 [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tom; Ahmed, Yonis; Deplazes, Stephan; Mills, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2763-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1117 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BFA68 UT WOS:000319021900001 ER PT S AU Prince, BD Fritz, BA Chiu, YH AF Prince, Benjamin D. Fritz, Bruce A. Chiu, Yu-Hui BE Visser, AE Bridges, NJ Rogers, RD TI Ionic Liquids in Electrospray Propulsion Systems SO IONIC LIQUIDS: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Science and Applications / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem, Amer Chem Soc ID EMITTERS; SOLVENTS; METALS AB This chapter provides a brief introduction to the use of ionic liquids in electric space propulsion systems. Pertinent performance parameters and recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in electrospray propulsion applications are described. Future use and development of these systems requires a combination of experimental investigation and modeling efforts. A theoretical investigation using atomistic molecular dynamics for an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, is presented. A mass spectrometric study of 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate energetic ionic liquid emitted from an externally wetted titanium emitter is presented. C1 [Prince, Benjamin D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fritz, Bruce A.] Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Def Weather Syst Directorate, Los Angeles, CA 90245 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] Busek Co Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Prince, BD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM benjamin.prince@kirtland.af.mil OI Fritz, Bruce/0000-0003-0588-8558 FU AFOSR [2303EP02] FX This work has been supported by AFOSR through task 2303EP02 (Program Manager: Michael Berman). The authors thank P. Tiruppathi and E. J. Maginn for their contributions to the MD investigations for this chapter. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2763-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1117 BP 27 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BFA68 UT WOS:000319021900002 ER PT J AU Gluck, KA McNamara, JM Brighton, H Dayan, P Kareev, Y Krause, J Kurzban, R Selten, R Stevens, JR Voelkl, B Wimsatt, WC AF Gluck, Kevin A. McNamara, John M. Brighton, Henry Dayan, Peter Kareev, Yaakov Krause, Jens Kurzban, Robert Selten, Reinhard Stevens, Jeffrey R. Voelkl, Bernhard Wimsatt, William C. BE Hammerstein, P Stevens, JR TI Robustness in a Variable Environment SO EVOLUTION AND THE MECHANISMS OF DECISION MAKING SE Strungmann Forum Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Robustness is a prominent concept in technical sciences and engineering. It has also been recognized as an important principle in evolutionary biology. In this chapter, it is proposed that the term "robustness" be used to characterize the extent to which a natural or artificial system can maintain its function when facing perturbation and that this concept is relevant in considerations of Darwinian decision theory. Situations in which the action of natural selection is liable to lead to the evolution of robust behavioral strategies are highlighted along with some psychological mechanisms that might lead to robust decision-making processes. Robustness describes a property of a system varying on a continuous scale rather than existing as a dichotomous feature. Degree of robustness depends on the details of the interaction of system characteristics and environmental contingencies, as well as the specific types and extents of perturbations to which the system may be subjected. A system can be robust in one domain while remaining highly vulnerable to perturbations in others. As defined here, robustness is related to, yet distinct from, flexibility and optimality. The sorts of environmental variation, and hence perturbations, that an organism or technology is liable to face are described, as is the cost-benefit trade-off of robustness. Finally, the robustness of decision making at the level of social groups is considered. C1 [Gluck, Kevin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McNamara, John M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. [Brighton, Henry] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Behav & Cognit, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Dayan, Peter] UCL, Gatsby Computat Neurosci Unit, London WC1N 3AR, England. [Kareev, Yaakov] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Ctr Study Rat, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Krause, Jens] IGB, Abt Biol & Okol Fische 4, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Kurzban, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Selten, Reinhard] Univ Bonn, Juridicum, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Stevens, Jeffrey R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Psychol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Voelkl, Bernhard] Humboldt Univ, Inst Theoret Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Wimsatt, William C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Philosophy, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gluck, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Stevens, Jeffrey/C-4619-2011 OI Stevens, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2375-1360 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01808-1 J9 STRUNGMANN FORUM REP PY 2012 BP 195 EP 214 PG 20 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BEW55 UT WOS:000318407800013 ER PT B AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard BE Kahn, L TI Introduction: Mill on Justice SO MILL ON JUSTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter RP Kahn, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-35497-5 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA BEU57 UT WOS:000318219700001 ER PT B AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard BE Kahn, L TI The Objection from Justice and the Conceptual/Substantive Distinction SO MILL ON JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Kahn, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-35497-5 PY 2012 BP 198 EP 220 PG 23 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA BEU57 UT WOS:000318219700010 ER PT J AU Canciani, A Raquet, J AF Canciani, Aaron Raquet, John GP ION TI Integration of Cold Atom Interferometry INS with other Sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting (ITM) of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION) CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2012 CL Newport Beach, CA SP Inst Nav (ION) AB Inertial navigation systems (INS) using cold-atom interferometry are currently under development. According to Jekeli and others, these systems will have error parameters three or four orders of magnitude more accurate than current navigation grade INS. This significant increase in accuracy motivates the need to explore how these high accuracy inertial navigation systems can be integrated with other sensors. This paper focuses on methods of integrating cold atom interferometry INS with conventional navigation grade INS, as well as with GPS. First, a framework for integrating cold atom INS systems with conventional INS systems is presented. In this framework, the navigation grade INS is used to obtain the position, velocity, and attitude solution. Cold atom INS measurements, as well as navigation grade INS measurements, are then brought into a Kalman Filter which estimates the errors in the navigation solution. The filter increases navigation accuracy by estimating the various error parameters of the navigation grade INS, such as biases and scale factors, which are modeled as states in the filter. The high accuracy of the cold atom interferometry INS measurements provides observability of these states. This paper then presents the results of an aircraft simulation using the proposed approach. Periodic outages are created in the cold atom interferometry INS that coincide with high dynamic maneuvers. The filter successfully estimates the navigation grade INS error states, such as biases and scale factors. This allows the final navigation solution to remain over an order of magnitude more accurate than the navigation grade INS solution alone, despite the fact that the cold atom interferometry INS is experiencing frequent outages. Next, the paper describes an approach for integrating cold atom interferometry INS with GPS. The proposed approach is a conventional loosely coupled INS - GPS. The cold atom interferometry INS is used to estimate the navigation solution with periodic GPS measurements being brought into a Kalman Filter to estimate the errors in the INS solution. The results of an aircraft simulation are then presented in order to analyze the effects of various length GPS outages. The errors using a cold atom interferometry INS are then compared to the errors of a navigation grade INS integrated in the same way. Conclusions are drawn on acceptable GPS outage times as well as improvements in overall navigation performance obtained by the use of a cold atom interferometry INS. C1 [Canciani, Aaron; Raquet, John] USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Canciani, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2012 BP 151 EP 161 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BER53 UT WOS:000317865600012 ER PT B AU Ramsey, BW Mullins, BE White, ED AF Ramsey, Benjamin W. Mullins, Barry E. White, Edward D. BE Pfeifer, T Jayasumana, A Turgut, D TI Improved Tools for Indoor ZigBee Warwalking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) CY OCT 22-25, 2012 CL Clearwater, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE ZigBee; wireless sensor networks; security ID SENSOR NETWORKS; RSSI AB Secure ZigBee wireless sensor and control networks use 128-bit AES encryption to defend against message sniffing and unauthorized access. However, the low cost and low complexity of ZigBee devices makes them vulnerable to physical attacks such as tampering and network key extraction. Network administrators and penetration testers require tools such as Zbfind to accurately locate ZigBee hardware and evaluate physical security. The open source Zbfind tool estimates distance to ZigBee devices in real time using received signal strength and a distance prediction model. We collect 4500 signal strength measurements along nine walking paths toward ZigBee transmitters in three office buildings. We find that the log-distance path loss model used by Zbfind predicts transmitter distance with 92.5% mean absolute percentage error. We construct an alternative linear model that reduces error to 21%. C1 [Ramsey, Benjamin W.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Edward D.] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramsey, BW (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; edward.white@afit.edu FU Center for Cyberspace Research FX The authors acknowledge funding and support from the Center for Cyberspace Research. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2130-3; 978-1-4673-2128-0 PY 2012 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BEY20 UT WOS:000318619100037 ER PT J AU Heidenberg, DJ Barton, JH Young, D Grinkemeyer, M Sesterhenn, IA AF Heidenberg, Daniel J. Barton, Joel H. Young, Denise Grinkemeyer, Michael Sesterhenn, Isabell A. TI N-cadherin Expression in Testicular Germ Cell and Gonadal Stromal Tumors SO JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE N-cadherin; testis; germ cell tumors; gonadal stromal tumors ID ONCOFETAL PROTEIN GLYPICAN-3; YOLK-SAC TUMOR; DIFFERENTIATION; CARCINOMA; ADHESION; TESTIS; MARKER AB Neural-cadherin is a member of the cadherin gene family encoding the N-cadherin protein that mediates cell adhesion. N-cadherin is a marker of Sertoli cells and is also expressed in germ cells of varying stages of maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and distribution of this protein by immunohistochemistry in 105 germ cell tumors of both single and mixed histological types and 12 gonadal stromal tumors. Twenty-four germ cell tumors consisted of one cell type and the remaining were mixed. Of the 23 seminomas in either pure or mixed tumors, 74% were positive. Two spermatocytic seminomas were positive. Of the 83 cases with yolk sac tumor, 99% were positive for N-cadherin. The teratomas were positive in 73% in neuroectodermal and / or glandular components. In contrast, 87% of embryonal carcinomas did not express N-cadherin. Only 17% of the syncytiotrophoblastic cells were positive for N-cadherin. In conclusion, N-cadherin expression is very helpful in the identification of yolk sac tumors. In addition to glypican-3 and Sal-like protein 4, N-cadherin can be beneficial for the diagnosis and classification of this subtype of testicular germ cell tumor. Nine of the 12 gonadal stromal tumors were positive to a variable extent. C1 [Barton, Joel H.; Sesterhenn, Isabell A.] Joint Pathol Ctr, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Heidenberg, Daniel J.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Heidenberg, Daniel J.; Young, Denise] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Grinkemeyer, Michael] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Res Dept, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sesterhenn, IA (reprint author), Joint Pathol Ctr, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1837-9664 J9 J CANCER JI J. Cancer PY 2012 VL 3 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.7150/jca.5017 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 135PD UT WOS:000318299800048 PM 23074379 ER PT J AU Strack, G Katz, E AF Strack, Guinevere Katz, Evgeny TI Information Security Systems Based on Biomolecular Information Processing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Keypad lock; Logic gate; Enzyme; Antibody; Molecular logic; Information security; Biofuel cell; Barcode; Biocatalytic electrode ID REGULATED BIOELECTRONIC DEVICES; LOGIC GATES; BIOFUEL CELLS; BOOLEAN LOGIC; KEYPAD LOCK; BARCODES; SIGNALS; ENZYMES; RECOGNITION; INTERFACE AB Digital information processing paradigms have inspired the design of chemical and biochemical systems operating with computational functionalities. Biomolecule-based unconventional computing has been applied to information security systems and demonstrated with DNA, but as emphasized herein, with biocatalysts and antibodies as well. Using conventional digital circuitry as inspiration, a keypad lock design was configured using biocatalytic cascades and antibody bio-recognition sequences. The biomolecular keypad locks were interfaced with switchable electrodes and incorporated into a model biofuel cell to demonstrate logically controlled power output. In addition, a robust bioelectronic interface served as a key that unlocks strings of digital code; the generated code-based on the control of the oxygen reduction reaction-produced a directly readable barcode. C1 [Strack, Guinevere] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Strack, Guinevere] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Katz, Evgeny] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Strack, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM guinevere.strack.ctr@Tyndall.af.mil; ekatz@clarkson.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX G. Strack was supported by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1548-7199 J9 INT J UNCONV COMPUT JI Int. J. Unconv. Comput. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 419 EP 432 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 125LH UT WOS:000317540800006 ER PT S AU Ray, I Madria, SK Linderman, M AF Ray, Indrakshi Madria, Sanjay K. Linderman, Mark GP IEEE TI Query Plan Execution in a Heterogeneous Stream Management System for Situational Awareness SO 2012 31ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (SRDS 2012) SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS) CY OCT 08-11, 2012 CL Univ Calif-Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, NSF HO Univ Calif-Irvine (UCI) DE Data stream management systems; situational awareness AB Battlefield monitoring involves collecting streaming data from different sources, transmitting the data over a heterogeneous network, and processing queries in real-time in order to respond to events in a timely manner. Nodes in these networks differ with respect to their processing, storage and communication capabilities. Links in the network differ with respect to their communication bandwidth. The topology of the network itself is subject to change, as the nodes and links may become unavailable. Continuous queries executed in such environments must also meet some quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as, response time, throughput, and memory usage. We propose that the processing of the queries be shared to improve resource utilization, such as storage and bandwidth, which, in turn, will impact the QoS. We show how multiple queries can be represented in the form of an operator tree, such that their commonalities can be easily exploited for multi query plan generation. Query plans may have to be updated in this dynamic environment (network topology changes, arrival of new queries, arrival pattern of streams altered); this, in turn, necessitates migrating operators from one set of nodes to another. We sketch some ideas about how operator migration can be done efficiently in such environments. C1 [Ray, Indrakshi] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Madria, Sanjay K.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Linderman, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13308 USA. RP Ray, I (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM iray@cs.colostate.edu; madrias@mst.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4784-8; 978-1-4673-2397-0 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2012 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2012.54 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEM72 UT WOS:000317389100056 ER PT S AU Fernando, R Bhargava, B Linderman, M AF Fernando, Ruchith Bhargava, Bharat Linderman, Mark GP IEEE TI Private Anonymous Messaging SO 2012 31ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (SRDS 2012) SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS) CY OCT 08-11, 2012 CL Univ Calif-Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, NSF HO Univ Calif-Irvine (UCI) DE Anonymity; Privacy; Peer-to-peer messaging; hierarchical identity based encryption ID IDENTITY-BASED ENCRYPTION AB Messaging systems where a user maintains a set of contacts and broadcasts messages to them is very common. We address the problem of a contact obtaining a message that it missed, from other contacts of the user while maintaining anonymity of all parties involved. We identify a set of requirements in addressing this problem and propose a modification to the hierarchical identity based encryption scheme proposed by Boneh et. al [2]. We briefly present an implementation of the proposed cryptographic primitives as a proof of concept. C1 [Fernando, Ruchith; Bhargava, Bharat] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Linderman, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Fernando, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rfernand@cs.purdue.edu; bb@cs.purdue.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4784-8; 978-1-4673-2397-0 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2012 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2012.51 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEM72 UT WOS:000317389100057 ER PT S AU Simpson, TB Liu, JM AlMulla, M Usechak, N Kovanis, V AF Simpson, T. B. Liu, Jia-Ming AlMulla, Mohammad Usechak, Nicholas Kovanis, Vassilios GP IEEE TI Tunable Photonic Microwave Oscillator Self-Locked by Polarization-Rotated Optical Feedback SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; INJECTION; DYNAMICS AB Combining optical injection and polarization-rotated optical feedback in a semiconductor laser can induce self-referenced periodic output that is widely tunable by simply varying the dc-bias points of the master and slave lasers. We observed feedback-induced reduction of the pulsation peak linewidth by more than two orders of magnitude relative to the injection-only case. The nonlinear dynamics of the optically injected semiconductor laser can be used to minimize sensitivity to fluctuations in the operating points. Performance is negatively affected by interference between the external injection signal and residual feedback in the same polarization. C1 [Simpson, T. B.] L3 Appl Technol Inc, Pulse Sci Div, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Liu, Jia-Ming; AlMulla, Mohammad] Univ Calif Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Usechak, Nicholas; Kovanis, Vassilios] US Air Force, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Simpson, TB (reprint author), L3 Appl Technol Inc, Pulse Sci Div, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM Vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL under a contract with Optimetrics, Inc; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX T. B. Simpson and J. M. Liu were supported by AFRL under a contract with Optimetrics, Inc. Nicholas Usechak and Vassilios Kovanis were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400153 ER PT S AU Krause, A Nguyen, L Tuan, C Bonsell, J Chen, B Blasey, JD Zemotel, JP McNerney, H Metzger, FJ AF Krause, Aaron Lim Nguyen Christopher Tuan Bonsell, John Chen, Bing Blasey, Joel D. Zemotel, James P. McNerney, Holly Metzger, Ferdinand J. GP IEEE TI Conductive Concrete as an Electromagnetic Shield SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH DE Conductive concrete; electromagnetic; shielding AB Conductive concrete mixture was originally developed for surface de-icing purposes but can be designed to perform as an electromagnetic shield. Testing procedures have been developed to measure the attenuation provided by conductive concrete without the cost and labor of building a large structure. This paper provides a description of the design, testing methods, and results obtained from the development of conductive concrete as an electromagnetic shielding material. C1 [Krause, Aaron; Lim Nguyen; Chen, Bing] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Comp & Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Christopher Tuan] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Bonsell, John] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Durham Sch Architectural Engn & Construct, Lincoln, NE USA. [Blasey, Joel D.; Zemotel, James P.; McNerney, Holly; Metzger, Ferdinand J.] US Air Force, Offutt Base, Dept Air Force, Omaha, NE USA. RP Krause, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Comp & Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors would like to thank Dr. William Linzey of the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency for his support of this study. Thanks are also extended to Kelvin Lein and Jeffrey Svatora of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln for their work producing the conductive concrete samples used in the testing. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700016 ER PT S AU Prather, WD Rooney, MR Cafferky, J Rynne, TM AF Prather, William D. Rooney, Michael R. Cafferky, Jory Rynne, Timothy M. GP IEEE TI Swept CW Testing of Shielded Systems SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH DE continuous wave; CW measurements; hardness surveillance; HM/HS; HEMP; verification AB After the incorporation of several design improvements, the Ellipticus CW Illuminator has been demonstrated in both horizontal and vertical polarizations to produce a continuous, flat spectrum from 100 kHz to 1 GHz. This paper describes the updated CW illuminator system, examines some example field data, and discusses some of the antenna and instrumentation issues encountered above 100MHz that had not been clearly seen before. Methods of measuring and evaluating the system are presented and some methods of troubleshooting and resolving problems are discussed. C1 [Prather, William D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 78150 USA. [Rooney, Michael R.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. Oklahoma City Air Logist Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Cafferky, Jory] EG G URS, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Rynne, Timothy M.] Northrop Grumman, Palmdale, CA USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 78150 USA. EM william.prather@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700118 ER PT S AU Johnson, MR AF Johnson, Michael R. GP IEEE TI FSV versus Human Subjective Data Evaluation; an Informal Survey SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB Feature Selection Validation has now become an IEEE Standard, and is gaining popularity in the Computational Electromagnetic Community. This paper presents an informal and admittedly unscientific survey of various professionals' opinion of the match of models and measurements. Four data sets were presented to individuals who were asked to give a global value, using the FSV Validation Rating Scale. This was compared to the average Global Data Measure for each data set. It is shown that over a sample of 28 people the average Global Data Measure did indeed agree with that calculated by FSV for two of our sample sets, and may have agreed with the other two under more rigid circumstances. Data was taken as functions of engineering background and levels of experience in the field of engineering in general, and electrical engineering specifically. This admittedly anecdotal data demonstrates that FSV can be a valuable tool, but human experience is key to understanding the use of any data set, and context of its use, as always, remains the most important aspect of evaluating results of the process. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Johnson, MR (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM michael.johnson.10@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700122 ER PT S AU Johnson, MR Coffey, EL AF Johnson, Michael R. Coffey, Edgar L., III GP IEEE TI Using FSV with Far-Field Patterns SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB Feature Selection Validation has now become an IEEE Standard, and is gaining popularity in the Computational Electromagnetic Community. As with any new approach it presents new and unique challenges to the user. This paper explores the use of Feature Selection Validation for evaluating far-field patterns in several examples and discusses some practical limitation discovered. One important conclusion that must be drawn is that context remains the most important aspect of evaluating results with the Feature Selection Validation process. C1 [Johnson, Michael R.] USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Coffey, Edgar L., III] Appl Res Assoc Inc, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. RP Johnson, MR (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM michael.johnson.10@us.af.mil; bcoffey@ara.com FU Applied Research Associates under U. S. Air Force [FA9201-09-D-0066] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the work done by Applied Research Associates under U. S. Air Force contract FA9201-09-D-0066. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 686 EP 691 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700125 ER PT J AU Rosa, W AF Rosa, Wilson GP IEEE Computer Society TI Empirical Effort and Schedule Estimation for Enterprise Resource Planning Projects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT AND THE 2012 SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PRODUCT MEASUREMENT (IWSM-MENSURA 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 22nd International Workshop on Software Measurement / 7th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement (IWSM-MENSURA) CY OCT 17-19, 2012 CL Gruppo Utenti Funct Point Italia - Italian Software Metr Assoc (GUFPI-ISMA, Assisi, ITALY SP Ecole Technologie Superieure (ETS), Otto Guericke Univ Magdeburg, CuBIT, Univ Alcala, Univ Studiorum Insubriae HO Gruppo Utenti Funct Point Italia - Italian Software Metr Assoc (GUFPI-ISMA DE ERP; software development; effort estimation; schedule estimation; RICE objects; software estimation ID ERP PROJECTS AB Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects are considered commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions where one substantial COTS product (e. g. Oracle, SAP) is tailored to provide automated business functions. This paper presents effort and schedule estimating models for predicting ERP implementation. The first two models use product size to predict software development effort. Product size is measured in terms of the number of report, interface, conversion, and extension (RICE) objects that are tailored or modified in the COTS product suite. The third model predicts the duration of software development phase as a function of RICE objects and full time equivalent staff. These statistical models are based on empirical data collected from 22 programs implemented within the federal government over the course of ten years beginning in 2001. Result shows that number of RICE objects is a good predictor of ERP software development effort and duration. C1 USAF, Cost Anal Agcy, Joint Base Andrews NAF, Washington, MD 20762 USA. RP Rosa, W (reprint author), USAF, Cost Anal Agcy, Joint Base Andrews NAF, 1500 West Perimeter Rd,Suite 3500, Washington, MD 20762 USA. EM Wilson.rosa@pentagon.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-4840-1 PY 2012 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1109/IWSM-MENSURA.2012.35 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEK57 UT WOS:000317102600028 ER PT B AU Linderman, MH Chase, G Boury-Brisset, AC Nevitt, J Henley, J Read, R Russell, S Hyden, P AF Linderman, Mark H. Chase, Greg Boury-Brisset, Anne-Claire Nevitt, Justin Henley, Justin Read, Robert Russell, Stephen Hyden, Paul BE Blasch, E Bosse, E Lambert, DA TI The Role of Information Management to Support High-Level Fusion SO HIGH-LEVEL INFORMATION FUSION MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS DESIGN SE Artech House Intelligence and Information Operations Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB High-level information fusion (HLIF) processes are critically dependent on quality information sources in order to generate meaningful outcomes. Quality information necessitates the right combination of people, processes, and tools to form an effective information space. This critical task is generally known as Information Management (IM). This chapter overviews IM, discusses IM goals and challenges in a coalition environment, and presents an IM model. The model provides an abstract representation of the important artifacts, actors and services that are required to form an effective IM capability. After a brief exposition of the model, IM best practices are considered. IM issues of particular interest to fusion scenarios are identified, including the information lifecycle that exists between the sensors and information exploitation (IX) systems, interoperability issues, information context, partially structured information, IM as a service, IM workflows, and IM from an agent perspective. C1 [Linderman, Mark H.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Chase, Greg] DSTO, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. [Boury-Brisset, Anne-Claire] Def Resarch & Dev Canada Valcartier, Quebec City, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. [Nevitt, Justin; Russell, Stephen; Hyden, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Henley, Justin] DSTL, Portsdown West PO17 6AD, Fareham, England. [Read, Robert] DTA, Auckland 0744, New Zealand. RP Linderman, MH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM mark.linderman@rl.af.mil; gregchase@adam.com.au; Anne-Claire.Boury-Brisset@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; justin.nevitt@nrl.navy.mil; JTHENLEY@mail.dstl.gov.uk; r.read@dta.mil.nz; stephen.russell@nrl.navy.mil; paul.hyden@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-151-7 J9 ARTECH HSE INTEL INF PY 2012 BP 105 EP 135 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEL07 UT WOS:000317148000005 ER PT B AU Lambert, DA Wark, S Bosse, E Pigeon, L Blackman, C Hinman, M AF Lambert, Dale A. Wark, Steven Bosse, Eloi Pigeon, Luc Blackman, Clinton Hinman, Michael BE Blasch, E Bosse, E Lambert, DA TI A Coalition Approach to High-Level Information Fusion SO HIGH-LEVEL INFORMATION FUSION MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS DESIGN SE Artech House Intelligence and Information Operations Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter is concerned with the theory and practical implementation of high-level information fusion (HLIF). It relates to a collaborative program of work in HLIF that has been conducted between Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom through The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) panel on information fusion. In this chapter, we bring together ideas presented in previous chapters, overview the Coalition Distributed Information Fusion Testbed (CDIFT), describe three vignettes, and explain methods for combining low-level information fusion (LLIF) object assessment with HLIF situation and threat assessment, user refinement, and sensor management. C1 [Lambert, Dale A.; Wark, Steven] Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. [Bosse, Eloi] Univ Laval, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Pigeon, Luc] Def Resarch & Dev Canada Valcartier, Quebec City, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. [Hinman, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lambert, DA (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Room L205-2-H-25,POB 1500, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. EM dale.lambert@dsto.defence.gov.au; Steven.Wark@dsto.defence.gov.au; Luc.Pigeon@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; michael.hinman@rl.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-151-7 J9 ARTECH HSE INTEL INF PY 2012 BP 251 EP 277 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEL07 UT WOS:000317148000012 ER PT B AU Blasch, EP Salerno, JJ Tadda, GP AF Blasch, Erik P. Salerno, John J. Tadda, George P. BE Blasch, E Bosse, E Lambert, DA TI Measuring the Worthiness of Situation Assessment SO HIGH-LEVEL INFORMATION FUSION MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS DESIGN SE Artech House Intelligence and Information Operations Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Situation assessment (SA) modeling has many instances of development, but there has yet to be a comprehensive set of metrics used for performance evaluation. The amount of data being presented and displayed to the analyst is overwhelming to a point where, in many cases, they are missing the salient or key activities of interest (AOI). Analysts are spending the majority of their time filtering through the data rather than performing analysis. To aid the user's situation awareness (SAW), we explore the nature of how we can rank various activities based on their impact and threat. We develop an information fusion SA reference model over SA metrics of confidence (precision, recall), accuracy, activities of interest, timeliness, and throughput to determine the intent and assessment of situation activities. C1 [Blasch, Erik P.] Def Resarch & Dev Canada Valcartier, Decis Support Syst Sect, Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, Quebec City, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. [Salerno, John J.; Tadda, George P.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), Def Resarch & Dev Canada Valcartier, Decis Support Syst Sect, Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, 2459 Pie 11 Blvd North, Quebec City, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. EM erik.blasch@gmail.com; john.salerno@rl.af.mil; george.tadda@rl.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-151-7 J9 ARTECH HSE INTEL INF PY 2012 BP 315 EP 329 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEL07 UT WOS:000317148000015 ER PT B AU Chambers, WA AF Chambers, William A. BE Lowther, AB TI DETERRENCE: RISING POWERS, ROGUE REGIMES, AND TERRORISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY FOREWORD SO DETERRENCE: RISING POWERS, ROGUE REGIMES, AND TERRORISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Chambers, WA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-28981-0 PY 2012 BP XI EP XIII D2 10.1057/9781137289810 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BED77 UT WOS:000316227200001 ER PT B AU Beeker, KR Mills, RF Grimaila, MR Haas, MW AF Beeker, Kevin R. Mills, Robert F. Grimaila, Michael R. Haas, Michael W. BE Lowther, AB TI CAN AN OPERATIONALLY RESPONSIVE CYBERSPACE PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE STRATEGIC DETERRENCE EQUATION? SO DETERRENCE: RISING POWERS, ROGUE REGIMES, AND TERRORISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Beeker, Kevin R.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mills, Robert F.; Grimaila, Michael R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haas, Michael W.] USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beeker, KR (reprint author), US Cyber Command, Combat Targeting Div, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-28981-0 PY 2012 BP 17 EP 32 D2 10.1057/9781137289810 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BED77 UT WOS:000316227200003 ER PT J AU Jabbour, KT Ratazzi, EP AF Jabbour, Kamaal T. Ratazzi, E. Paul BE Lowther, AB TI DOES THE UNITED STATES NEED A NEW MODEL FOR CYBER DETERRENCE? SO DETERRENCE: RISING POWERS, ROGUE REGIMES, AND TERRORISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jabbour, Kamaal T.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Jabbour, Kamaal T.] Syracuse Univ, Comp Engn Fac, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ratazzi, E. Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Jabbour, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-28981-0 PY 2012 BP 33 EP 45 D2 10.1057/9781137289810 PG 13 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BED77 UT WOS:000316227200004 ER PT S AU Esfahani, NN Peale, RE Buchwald, WR Hendrickson, JR Cleary, JW AF Esfahani, Nima Nader Peale, Robert. E. Buchwald, Walter R. Hendrickson, Joshua R. Cleary, Justin W. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS DSouza, AI TI First observation of a plasmon-mediated tunable photoresponse in a grating-gated InGaAs/InP HEMT for millimeter-wave detection SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HEMT; Plasmon; terahertz; 2DEG ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB A tunable resonant photoresponse to millimeter-waves is demonstrated in a grating-gated high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) formed by an InGaAs/InP heterostructure. The gate consists of a metal grating with 9 mu m period, which was designed to couple mm-radiation to plasmons in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of the HEMT. The resonant excitation of plasmons, which shifts with gate-bias, changes the channel conductance. These devices have potential as chip-scale frequency-agile mm-wave detectors, which may be scaled to THz frequencies. C1 [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Peale, Robert. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Cleary, Justin W.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Esfahani, NN (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU Air Force Office [10RY04COR]; LRIR [12RY10COR]; Air Force office of Scientific Research ( Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) [FA95501010030] FX NNE and JWC would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under LRIR number 12RY10COR. REP acknowledges support by the Air Force office of Scientific Research ( Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under grant number FA95501010030. JRH would also like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under LRIR number 10RY04COR. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9229-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8512 AR 85120Y DI 10.1117/12.930359 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEH87 UT WOS:000316636700025 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Elhamri, S Olson, BV Boggess, TF Grazulis, L Pacley, S AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Elhamri, S. Olson, B. V. Boggess, T. F. Grazulis, L. Pacley, S. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS DSouza, AI TI Annealing effect on the long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice materials SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Annealing effect on the quality of long wavelength infrared (LWIR) InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) has been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoconductivity, temperature dependent Hall, and time-resolved differential transmission measurements using an electronically delayed pump-probe technique. Quarters of a single SL wafer were annealed at 440, 480, and 515 degrees C, respectively for 30 minutes under a Sb-over pressure. Morphological qualities of the SL surface observed by AFM did not show any indication of improvement with annealing. However, the spectral intensity measured by photoconductivity showed an approximately 25 % improvement, while the band gap energy remained at similar to 107 meV for each anneal, The electron mobility was nearly unaffected by the 440 and 480 degrees C anneals, however showed the improvement with the 515 degrees C anneal, where the mobility increased from similar to 4500 to 6300 cm(2)/Vs. The minority carrier lifetime measured at 77 K also showed the improvement with annealing, increasing from 12.0 to 15.4 nanoseconds. In addition to the longer lifetimes, the annealed samples had a larger radiative decay component than that of unannealed sample. Both the longer measured lifetime and the larger radiative decay component are consistent with the modest improvement in the quality of the annealed SL sample. Overall the qualities of LWIR SL materials can be benefit from a post growth annealing technique we applied. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Grazulis, L.; Pacley, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Olson, B. V.; Boggess, T. F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force [FA8650-11-D-5801] FX The work of H. J. Haugan was performed under Air Force contract number FA8650-11-D-5801. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9229-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8512 AR 85120K DI 10.1117/12.928713 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEH87 UT WOS:000316636700013 ER PT S AU Steenbergen, EH Connelly, BC Metcalfe, GD Shen, H Wraback, M Lubyshev, D Qiu, Y Fastenau, JM Liu, AWK Elhamri, S Cellek, OO Zhang, YH AF Steenbergen, E. H. Connelly, B. C. Metcalfe, G. D. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Lubyshev, D. Qiu, Y. Fastenau, J. M. Liu, A. W. K. Elhamri, S. Cellek, O. O. Zhang, Y. -H. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS DSouza, AI TI Temperature-dependent minority carrier lifetimes of InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE temperature-dependent; lifetime; photoluminescence; infrared; superlattice AB Temperature-dependent minority carrier lifetimes of InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices are presented. The longest lifetime at 11 K is 504 +/- 40 ns and at 77 K is 412 +/- 25 ns. Samples with long periods and small wave function overlaps have both non-radiative and radiative recombination mechanisms apparent, with comparable contributions from both near 77 K, and radiative recombination dominating at low temperatures. Samples with short periods and large wave function overlaps have radiative recombination dominating from 10 K until similar to 200 K. The improved lifetimes observed will enable long minority carrier lifetime superlattices to be designed for high quantum efficiency, low dark current infrared detectors. C1 [Steenbergen, E. H.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Steenbergen, E. H.; Cellek, O. O.; Zhang, Y. -H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect, Center Photon Innovat, Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Connelly, B. C.; Metcalfe, G. D.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] U S Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Lubyshev, D.; Qiu, Y.; Fastenau, J. M.; Liu, A. W. K.] IQE Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Department Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Steenbergen, EH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Elizabeth.Steenbergen@wpafb.af.mil FU DOD Science Math And Research for Transformation; Science Foundation Arizon; ASU Graduate and Professional Student Association; MURI program; U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0524]; Air Force Office for Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0129]; Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-12-2-0019] FX EHS acknowledges graduate fellowships from the DOD Science Math And Research for Transformation, Science Foundation Arizona, Achievement Rewards for College Scientists, and the ASU Graduate and Professional Student Association. This work was also partially supported by a MURI program from the U. S. Army Research Office with the grant number W911NF-10-1-0524, and a program from the Air Force Office for Scientific Research with the grant number FA9550-10-1-0129. BCC acknowledges support by the Army Research Laboratory, accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-12-2-0019. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9229-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8512 AR 85120L DI 10.1117/12.930949 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEH87 UT WOS:000316636700014 ER PT S AU Dalton, MJ Stewart, DJ Kannan, R Swiger, RN Orseno, DL Haley, JE Cooper, TM Tan, LS AF Dalton, Matthew J. Stewart, David J. Kannan, Ramamurthi Swiger, Rachel N. Orseno, Dominic L. Haley, Joy E. Cooper, Thomas M. Tan, Loon-Seng BE Jakubiak, R Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI Exciplex formation in solid state blends of charge-transfer-type AFX dyes and bisimide compounds SO OPTICAL PROCESSES IN ORGANIC MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Processes in Organic Materials and Nanostructures CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Two photon dyes; exciplex; fluorescence quenching; phthalimide ID STATIONARY ELECTRODE POLAROGRAPHY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS AB We have been studying exciplex formation in nonlinear optical materials containing a high concentration of 2PA chromophores (AFX dyes) as a means to enhance the nonlinear optical properties. A number of dipolar AFX dyes having various electron-accepting moieties (pi-excess and pi-deficient examples) and three bisimide compounds having substituents with varying electron-withdrawing power were synthesized to study exciplex formation in their solid state blends. In substrate supported thin films of various equimolar blends containing an AFX dye and bisimide, the dye monomer emission was severely quenched, and a new emission, red-shifted by up to 110 nm, appeared. The emission energies were consistent with the charge recombination energy calculated from the energy levels of the donor and acceptor present in the blend, which confirmed the emission was from an exciplex. Time resolved emission measurements also indicated the presence of much longer lived transients in the blends, consistent with exciplex formation. Spectroelectrochemistry confirmed that the radical cations of these dyes had strong absorption in the NIR region, so exciplex formation is a means to enhance nonlinear optical absorption of the dyes in this spectral region. C1 [Dalton, Matthew J.; Stewart, David J.; Kannan, Ramamurthi; Swiger, Rachel N.; Orseno, Dominic L.; Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas M.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dalton, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9191-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8474 AR 847407 DI 10.1117/12.931674 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BEE08 UT WOS:000316252100004 ER PT S AU Hendrickson, J Homyk, A Scherer, A Alasaarela, T Saynatjoki, A Honkanen, S Richards, BC Kim, JY Lee, YH Gibson, R Gehl, M Olitzky, JD Zandbergen, S Gibbs, HM Khitrova, G AF Hendrickson, J. Homyk, A. Scherer, A. Alasaarela, T. Saynatjoki, A. Honkanen, S. Richards, B. C. Kim, J-Y. Lee, Y-H. Gibson, R. Gehl, M. Olitzky, J. D. Zandbergen, S. Gibbs, H. M. Khitrova, G. BE Jahnke, F TI One-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities SO QUANTUM OPTICS WITH SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE photonic crystals; nanophotonics; microcavities; atomic layer deposition ID ATOMIC-LAYER DEPOSITION; SINGLE-QUANTUM-DOT; INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; WAVE-GUIDES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; INVERSE DESIGN; QUALITY-FACTOR; THIN-FILMS; NANOCAVITY AB The design, fabrication, and characterization of passive one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities is presented. Silicon is chosen as the material system due to its ability to provide very high quality factors, a necessary prerequisite for solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments, and its applicability to large scale hybrid device integration. Use of atomic layer deposition to conformally coat silicon on insulator nanobeam cavities with 20 nm of Al2O3 is shown to increase quality factors by an average of 35% and a maximum of 124%. C1 [Hendrickson, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Homyk, A.; Scherer, A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Homyk, A.; Scherer, A.] CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alasaarela, T.; Saynatjoki, A.; Honkanen, S.] Aalto Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Micro & Nanosci, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Richards, B. C.] Emcore Photovolta, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Kim, J-Y.; Lee, Y-H.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Gibson, R.; Gehl, M.; Olitzky, J. D.; Zandbergen, S.; Gibbs, H. M.; Khitrova, G.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hendrickson, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 600, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.hendrickson@wpafb.af.mil; homyk@caltech.edu; tapani.alasaarela@aalto.fi; antti.saynatjoki@tkk.fi; seppo.honkanen@tkk.fi; peterfish.jy@gmail.com; pcvcsel@gmail.com; rgibson@optics.arizona.edu; mgehl@optics.arizona.edu; jolitzky@optics.arizon.edu; szandbergen@optics.arizona.edu; hyattgibbs@att.net; galina@optics.arizona.edu NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-1501 BN 978-0-85709-639-5; 978-0-85709-232-8 J9 WOODH PUB SER ELECT PY 2012 IS 28 BP 421 EP 446 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BEB11 UT WOS:000315965900014 ER PT B AU Oswald, JM AF Oswald, Justin M. BE Eliason, EA Tuleja, T TI Know Thy Enemy Camel Spider Stories among US Troops in the Middle East SO WARRIOR WAYS: EXPLORATIONS IN MODERN MILITARY FOLKLORE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VAGINA-DENTATA C1 [Oswald, Justin M.] USAF, Arlington, VA USA. RP Oswald, JM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Master Arts Interdisciplinary Studies Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UTAH STATE UNIV PRESS PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH 84322 USA BN 978-0-87421-903-6 PY 2012 BP 38 EP 57 DI 10.7330/9780874219043.c02 PG 20 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BDZ84 UT WOS:000315738800003 ER PT S AU Mattamana, A Groves, K Orlando, P Patel, VJ Quach, T Watson, P Johnson, L Wyatt, P Chen, CL Chen, CK Drangmeister, R Keast, C AF Mattamana, A. Groves, K. Orlando, P. Patel, V. J. Quach, T. Watson, P. Johnson, L. Wyatt, P. Chen, C. L. Chen, C. K. Drangmeister, R. Keast, C. GP IEEE TI X-Band Receiver Module in Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator Technology SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International SOI Conference CY OCT 01-04, 2012 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB This paper reports on the successful demonstration of radio frequency (RF) components in support of an integrated wide band/high dynamic range X-band receiver in 180-nm fully-depleted (FD) SOI CMOS technology. The demonstrated microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) includes an X-band low noise amplifier (LNA), Marchand balun, balanced amplifiers, double balanced mixer, non-reflective filter, and an IF amplifier. The X-band receiver front end module yielded a gain of 13.5-15 dB, 5.2-5.8 dB noise figure (NF), across the frequency band (3.7-4.3 GHz). C1 [Mattamana, A.; Groves, K.; Orlando, P.; Patel, V. J.; Quach, T.; Watson, P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, L.; Wyatt, P.; Chen, C. L.; Chen, C. K.; Drangmeister, R.; Keast, C.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Mattamana, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Aji.mattamana@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4673-2690-2; 978-1-4673-2689-6 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDW62 UT WOS:000315378300037 ER PT S AU Albrecht, AR Seletskiy, DV Hains, CP Cederberg, JG Di Lieto, A Tonelli, M Balakrishnan, G Sheik-Bahae, M AF Albrecht, Alexander R. Seletskiy, Denis V. Hains, Christopher P. Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Di Lieto, Alberto Tonelli, Mauro Balakrishnan, Ganesh Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Intracavity Laser Cooling Using a VECSEL SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate intracavity laser cooling inside of a VECSEL, where the temperature of a Yb:YLF crystal was lowered by 20 K. We outline future improvements, striving towards a compact, efficient cryocooler device. C1 [Albrecht, Alexander R.; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Albrecht, Alexander R.; Hains, Christopher P.; Balakrishnan, Ganesh] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Di Lieto, Alberto; Tonelli, Mauro] Univ Pisa, NEST CNR, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Albrecht, AR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM albrecht@chtm.unm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; DARPA; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Research in part was performed while DVS held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was supported by a DARPA Seedling funding. VECSEL growth was supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403144 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Upchurch, DC Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Upchurch, Derek C. Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Guha, Shekhar GP IEEE TI High Power Continuous Wave Second Harmonic Generation of a Tunable CO2 Laser Using Orientation Patterned GaAs SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB High power frequency doubling of a tunable continuous wave CO2 laser in orientation patterned GaAs is demonstrated. Second harmonic powers of 300 mW at 4.785 mu m were obtained from a 4 cm long crystal at incident pump powers of over 30 W. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Upchurch, Derek C.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Upchurch, Derek C.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.; Mohnkern, Lee] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401025 ER PT S AU Jain, A Spiegelberg, C Smirnov, V Bochove, E Glebov, L AF Jain, Apurva Spiegelberg, Christine Smirnov, Vadim Bochove, Erik Glebov, Leonid GP IEEE TI Efficient Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers Using Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Highly efficient, stable, and scalable passive coherent beam combining of fiber lasers using multiplexed volume Bragg gratings is presented. We report combining efficiency of >90% for two channels and demonstrate channel scalability to four channels. C1 [Jain, Apurva; Glebov, Leonid] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Spiegelberg, Christine; Smirnov, Vadim] OptiGrade, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Bochove, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ajain@creol.ucf.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400171 ER PT S AU Li, CY Seletskiy, DV Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M AF Li, Chia-Yeh Seletskiy, Denis V. Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Quantum-Well Electro-Absorption Sampling for Broadband THz Detection SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Broad-band THz detection is demonstrated using GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric double quantum-well structures. Transient electro-absorption modulation by the THz pulses is sampled coherently with detection bandwidth exceeding 10 THz. C1 [Li, Chia-Yeh; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cyli@unm.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403213 ER PT S AU Locke, T Pochet, M Usechak, NG AF Locke, T. Pochet, M. Usechak, N. G. GP IEEE TI On-Off Keyed Microwave Signal Optically Generated Using an Optically-Injected Fabry-Perot Semiconductor Laser SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Large-signal direct-modulation of a diode laser optically-injected into period-one operation is shown to produce an on-off keyed microwave signal. The signal is highly tunable and transmitted over 50 km, suitable for radio-over-fiber applications. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Locke, T.; Pochet, M.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Usechak, N. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Locke, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.pochet@afit.edu FU AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR] FX N. Usechak was funded by AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR. The authors thank V. Kovanis for his support. The views expressed in this article are those of the author & do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402208 ER PT S AU Lu, CA Flores, A Bochove, E Roach, WP Smirnov, V Glebov, LB AF Lu, Chunte A. Flores, Angel Bochove, Erik Roach, William P. Smirnov, Vadim Glebov, Leonid B. GP IEEE TI A Coherent Beam Combination of Fiber Laser Arrays via Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report the first experimental demonstration of active coherently combining of fiber laser arrays with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings up to 70W combined output power with diffraction limited beam quality achieved at 82% combining efficiency. C1 [Lu, Chunte A.; Flores, Angel; Bochove, Erik; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Smirnov, Vadim] OptiGrate Corp, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Glebov, Leonid B.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Lu, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chunte.lu@kirtland.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400165 ER PT S AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil. K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Concurrent slow-fast light pair with controllable X-type dispersion SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate how simultaneous normal and anomalous (X-type) dispersion can be realized in a doubly driven double-ladder configuration and employed to obtain simultaneous slow-fast light. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Patnaik, Anil. K.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil. K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] LLC, Spectral Energies, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402294 ER PT S AU Phillips, CR Langrock, C Fejer, MM Jiang, J Hartl, I Fermann, ME Lin, A Harris, JS Snure, M Bliss, D Zhu, M AF Phillips, C. R. Langrock, C. Fejer, M. M. Jiang, J. Hartl, I. Fermann, M. E. Lin, A. Harris, J. S. Snure, M. Bliss, D. Zhu, M. GP IEEE TI Tunable Mid-Infrared Source Based on Difference Frequency Generation of a Femtosecond Tm-fiber System in Orientation Patterned GaAs SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a mid-infrared source tunable from 6.7-12.7 mm via difference frequency generation in orientation-patterned GaAs, with 1.3 mW average output power. The input pulses are generated from a femtosecond Tm-doped-fiber laser system. C1 [Phillips, C. R.; Langrock, C.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jiang, J.; Hartl, I.; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lin, A.; Harris, J. S.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Snure, M.; Bliss, D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhu, M.] Agilent Technol, Agilent Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Phillips, CR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM chris.phillips@stanford.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400181 ER PT S AU Pritchett, TM Sun, WF Zhang, BG Li, YJ Haley, JE AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Sun, Wenfang Zhang, Bingguang Li, Yunjing Haley, Joy E. GP IEEE TI Z-scan Measurements of the Excited State Absorption Cross Sections of a Benzothiazolylfluorenylethynyl-Substituted Terpyridyl Platinum(II) Complex SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID PHOTOPHYSICS AB Using Z scans employing 4.1-ns and 21-ps pulses, values of 4.0x10(-17) cm(2) and 4.2x10(-17) cm(2) were obtained for the singlet and triplet excited-state absorption cross sections of 4'-[2-(7-benzothiazolyl-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl) ethynyl]-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridyl platinum(II) chloride at 532 nm. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sun, Wenfang; Zhang, Bingguang; Li, Yunjing] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Materials & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.m.pritchett.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400045 ER PT S AU Prokopeva, LJ Brown, DP Ni, X Drachev, VP Urbas, AM Kildishev, AV AF Prokopeva, L. J. Brown, D. P. Ni, X. Drachev, V. P. Urbas, A. M. Kildishev, A. V. GP IEEE TI Pulse shaping using optical metamaterials with naturally anisotropic structural elements SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We numerically investigate a sub-class of metamaterials with anisotropic structural elements. We show such a metamaterial allows for placing electric and magnetic resonance bands close together, hence providing flexible manipulation of optical pulses. C1 [Prokopeva, L. J.; Ni, X.; Drachev, V. P.; Kildishev, A. V.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Prokopeva, L. J.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Technol, Siberian Branch, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Brown, D. P.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Urbas, A. M.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Kildishev, AV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kildishev@purdue.edu RI Ni, Xingjie/I-2235-2012 OI Ni, Xingjie/0000-0001-7405-5678 FU AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program FX This work was supported by the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program with helpful assistance by UES, Inc. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403045 ER PT S AU Schmitt-Sody, A Lucero, A O'Loughlin, J Roach, WP Noojin, GD Cain, CP AF Schmitt-Sody, A. Lucero, A. O'Loughlin, J. Roach, W. P. Noojin, G. D. Cain, C. P. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic field coupled to filaments in air for plasma characterization studies SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We present new insights into laser filament coupling to a high AC electric field strength of 100kV/m. Previous studies showed a short delay time for filament coupling. Our observations indicate a large time delay between the plasma and the discharge of the high field strength. C1 [Schmitt-Sody, A.; Lucero, A.; O'Loughlin, J.; Roach, W. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Noojin, G. D.; Cain, C. P.] RDHO, HWP, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Schmitt-Sody, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andreas.schmitt-sody@kirtland.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402330 ER PT S AU Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Vera, A Yang, XPS Lin, AC Harris, JS Tassev, V Snure, M AF Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Vera, Alice Yang, Xiaoping S. Lin, Angie C. Harris, James S. Tassev, Vladimir Snure, Michael GP IEEE TI Development of a low-loss, non-critically phase-matched, 1-mu m-pumpable ZGP analog for the mid-infrared SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL DEVICES; SUBLATTICE REVERSAL; GROWTH; EPITAXY; GAP AB Here we report on recent advances in the development of orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) - a low loss, non-critically phase-matched, 1-mu m-pumpable binary analog of ZGP with three times the thermal conductivity for high power applications. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Schunemann, Peter G.; Mohnkern, Lee; Vera, Alice; Yang, Xiaoping S.] BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Lin, Angie C.; Harris, James S.] Stanford Univ, Paul G Allen Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tassev, Vladimir; Snure, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400470 ER PT S AU Shin, JC Mohseni, P Tomasulo, S Montgomery, K Lee, M Li, XL AF Shin, Jae Cheol Mohseni, Parsian Tomasulo, Stephanie Montgomery, Kyle Lee, Minjoo Li, Xiuling GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous Integration of III-V on Si: overcoming the lattice-mismatch barrier via the 1D route SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB we demonstrate one-dimensional heteroepitaxy of InxGa1-xAs nanowires in the entire composition range on silicon substrates without dislocations. Doping and interfaces are characterized. Applications including improving the silicon solar cell efficiency will be presented. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Shin, Jae Cheol; Mohseni, Parsian; Li, Xiuling] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tomasulo, Stephanie; Lee, Minjoo] Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Montgomery, Kyle] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shin, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xiuling@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400206 ER PT S AU Vincent, RA Chun, FK Dearborn, ME Tippets, RD AF Vincent, R. Anthony Chun, Francis K. Dearborn, Michael E. Tippets, Roger D. BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Analysis of Stellar Radiance Contamination in Observed Satellite Spectra SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE slitless spectroscopy; space situational awareness; satellite spectra; stellar contamination ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Reflectance spectra of Earth orbiting satellites can be readily observed with small diameter telescopes (D < 1 m) by utilizing a method known as slitless spectroscopy. Satellite spectra can be observed by simply placing a transmission grating within the collimated optical path of the telescope without the need to image through a slit. The simplicity of the slitless spectroscopy design makes it a promising alternative to spatially resolving satellites with larger and more expensive diameter telescopes for applications of space situational awareness. However, accurately observing satellite reflectance spectra without imaging through a slit requires a dark and homogeneous background. This requirement is frequently violated as background stars streak across the image due to the slewing motion of the telescope during satellite tracking. Rather than throwing out all images with noticeable stellar contamination, a principle component analysis of contaminated images from three geostationary satellite observations showed that it may still be possible to assess and identify satellite characteristics depending upon the amount of stellar contamination in the spectral region of interest. Additionally, a simple technique for automatic removal of contaminated frames is proposed based on an outlier analysis using Gaussian statistics and was found to successfully remove all significantly contaminated frames. C1 [Vincent, R. Anthony; Chun, Francis K.; Dearborn, Michael E.; Tippets, Roger D.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Vincent, RA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84464H DI 10.1117/12.925415 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900136 ER PT B AU Musselman, R Parker, D Hadjis, J Francis, D Wind, J Walker, N AF Musselman, Randall Parker, Daniel Hadjis, John Francis, Derek Wind, Jordan Walker, Nathan GP IEEE TI Circular Array for Satcom Interference Rejection SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS) CY NOV 11-16, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc (IEEE MTT-S), Agilent Technologies, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Anritsu DE phased array; patch antenna; interference AB A useful application of antenna arrays is interference rejection. This paper describes a circular antenna array that was designed to reject interference in a mobile satellite receiver from a close-proximity source of interference. Since this interference source can move relative to the satellite antenna, the antenna array must adaptively adjust its null direction accordingly. The particular design of the circular array necessitated a significant size reduction in the radiating elements. Therefore, size reduction techniques were applied to circular patch antennas to allow them to fit in the circular array. C1 [Musselman, Randall; Parker, Daniel; Hadjis, John; Francis, Derek; Wind, Jordan; Walker, Nathan] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Musselman, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0947-9; 978-1-4673-0946-2 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDT38 UT WOS:000314775300005 ER PT S AU Vongsy, K Mendenhall, MJ Eismann, MT Peterson, GL AF Vongsy, Karmon Mendenhall, Michael J. Eismann, Michael T. Peterson, Gilbert L. GP IEEE TI REMOVING PARALLAX-INDUCED CHANGES IN HYPERSPECTRAL CHANGE DETECTION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Change detection; hyperspectral images ID SCALE AB Hyperspectral-based change detection is often inadvertently affected by image artifacts, reducing the accuracy of the change detector. We present a Hyperspectral Change Detection (HSCD) process to distinguish parallax-induced change from legitimate change. Image parallax decreases the accuracy of change detection results. The approach introduced in this paper utilizes a combination of a spectral change detector and stereo geometry to reduce parallax-induced false alarms. Image parallax is determined by considering the error in the epipolar constraint, meaning the corresponding points between two images must lie on epipolar lines. Experimental analysis shows a false alarm reduction by nearly one order of magnitude on synthetic hyperspectral imagery and nearly two orders of magnitude on real hyperspectral imagery. C1 [Vongsy, Karmon; Mendenhall, Michael J.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vongsy, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 2012 EP 2015 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350982 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189402052 ER PT S AU Wallis, K Akers, G Collins, P Davis, R Frazier, A Oxley, M Terzuoli, A AF Wallis, Kristen Akers, Geoffrey Collins, Peter Davis, Richard Frazier, Alan Oxley, Mark Terzuoli, Andrew GP IEEE TI COMPLEX EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION, HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM, AND FOURIER TRANSFORM APPLIED TO MOVING OBJECTS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Fourier transform; Empirical mode decomposition; Hilbert transform; remote sensing AB A review of current signal analysis tools show that new techniques are required for an enhanced fidelity or data integrity. Recently, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and its inherent property, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique, have been formerly investigated. The technique of Complex EMD (CEMD) was also explored. The scope of this work was to assess the CEMD technique as an innovative analysis tool. Subsequent to this, comparisons between applications of the Hilbert transform (HT) and the Fast-Fourier transform (FFT) were analyzed. MATLAB (R) was implemented to model signal decomposition and the execution of mathematical transforms for generating results. The CEMD technique successfully decomposed the data into its oscillatory modes. After comparative graphical analysis of the HT and FFT, application of the HT provided marginal enhancements of the data modeled previously by the FFT. Altogether, the HHT could not be determined as a helpful analysis tool. Nevertheless, the CEMD technique, an inherent component of the HHT, exhibited a possible improvement as an analysis tool for signal processing data. Further evaluation of the CEMD technique and the HHT is needed for ultimate determination of their usefulness as an analysis tool. C1 [Wallis, Kristen; Akers, Geoffrey; Collins, Peter; Davis, Richard; Frazier, Alan; Oxley, Mark; Terzuoli, Andrew] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wallis, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 4395 EP 4398 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350399 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189404115 ER PT S AU Herweg, J Kerekes, J Eismann, M AF Herweg, Jared Kerekes, John Eismann, Michael GP IEEE TI HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING PHENOMENOLOGY FOR THE DETECTION AND TRACKING OF PEDESTRIANS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Hyperspectral imaging; Pedestrian tracking; Target detection; Spectral separability AB The popularity of hyperspectral imaging in remote sensing continues to to be adapted in novel ways to overcome challenging imaging problems. This paper reports on some of the latest research efforts exploring the phenomenology of using hyperspectral imaging as an aid in detecting and tracking human pedestrians. An assessment of the likelihood of distinguishing between pedestrians given observable materials and based on signal-to-noise level is presented. Initial results indicate favorable separability can be achieved with signal-to-noise ratios as low as 13 for certain materials. Additionally, an overview of a real-world urban hyperspectral imaging data collection effort is presented. C1 [Herweg, Jared] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Herweg, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 5482 EP 5485 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352365 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189405126 ER PT S AU Pochet, M Locke, T Harvey, E Usechak, NG AF Pochet, M. Locke, T. Harvey, E. Usechak, N. G. GP IEEE TI Transient Response of a Modulated Microwave Subcarrier Generated Using Optical Injection SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui AB The transient response of a directly modulated injection-locked semiconductor laser operated in the period-one state is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. The results illustrate the limits and stability properties of the modulated microwave subcarrier frequency. C1 [Pochet, M.; Locke, T.; Harvey, E.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Usechak, N. G.] IUS Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.pochet@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX N. Usechak was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000010 ER PT S AU Loyall, J Gillen, M Cleveland, J Usbeck, K Sterling, J Newkirk, R Kohler, R AF Loyall, Joseph Gillen, Matthew Cleveland, Jeffrey Usbeck, Kyle Sterling, Joshua Newkirk, Richard Kohler, Ralph BE Shakshuki, E Younas, M TI Information Ubiquity in Austere Locations SO ANT 2012 AND MOBIWIS 2012 SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT) / 9th International Conference on Mobile Web Information Systems (MobiWIS) CY AUG 27-29, 2012 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA DE Publish-subscribe; information discovery; information brokering AB In today's world, connectivity is increasingly taken for granted. Wireless networks, cell towers, and satellites provide ubiquitous connectivity through a number of devices. However, in austere locations constant connectivity cannot be assumed, e. g., due to the remoteness of the area, due to a disaster or combat situation, or due to insecurity or lack of access to available communications. This paper describes a system, Marti, which the authors have been developing and demonstrating that can provide inter-connectivity and access to information in austere locations. Marti is rapidly deployable and interoperates with a large number of existing devices and client applications. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer] C1 [Loyall, Joseph; Gillen, Matthew; Cleveland, Jeffrey; Usbeck, Kyle] Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sterling, Joshua; Newkirk, Richard; Kohler, Ralph] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Loyall, J (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jloyall@bbn.com NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 10 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.06.025 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDQ15 UT WOS:000314400700021 ER PT S AU Chang, KC Hsu, UK Wang, WC Tyan, RH AF Chang, Keh-Chin Hsu, Uzu-Kuei Wang, Wei-Cheng Tyan, Ron-Hwa BE Lixiang, Z TI Flow Visualization and Wind Uplift Analysis of a Suspended Solar Water Heater SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELING AND SIMULATION SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation (ACMS) CY DEC 14-16, 2011 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP KMUST DE solar water heater; heat collector; suspend; vortex; uplift ID COLLECTORS; OUTLOOK; TAIWAN; ENERGY; LOADS AB Typhoon is one of the major natural disasters in Taiwan. The solar water heater system installed in the house roof has the most serious damage caused by typhoon invasion. Because the wind blows into the backward of the solar water heater system, the heat collecter is damaged by the stronger wind pressure gradient induced between the upper and lower. This study was using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method to investigate the flowfield over a suspended and ground solar water heater during the wind speed about 30m/s, and compared the results with the experimental data for validation. Simulations of 60% solar water collector model with different tilt angles and 40% model with different guiding plate were also done in this study to investigate the effect of the guide plate. The result shows that the 3D flowfield effect is clear, and 2D model can not simulated the flowfield. The heat collector erected away from the ground can be reduced to the uplift, and the separation bubbles are induced behind the bucket of the heat collector surface. The cornner vortices generated and interacted from the collector-side, and the separation bubbles is extending in spanwise. The larger tilt angle of the solar collector causes the larger pressure difference in the leading edge. The guiding plate avoids the inflow directly hit the bottom of the solar collector, and it can efficiently reduce the leading edge pressure difference. Nevertheless, when the cross-sectional area of the guiding plate increase, the uplift force acted on heat collector decreases and the drag force would be increased. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Kunming University of Science and Technology C1 [Hsu, Uzu-Kuei] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, 1 Jyulun Rd, Kaohsiung 82063, Taiwan. [Chang, Keh-Chin; Wang, Wei-Cheng; Tyan, Ron-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Hsu, UK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, 1 Jyulun Rd, Kaohsiung 82063, Taiwan. EM ukhsu@ms48.hinet.net RI Chang, Keh-Chin/B-4691-2015 OI Chang, Keh-Chin/0000-0002-4753-6406 FU Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs" [100-D0101] FX The authors are grateful to the "Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for financial support under contract number 100-D0101. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2012 VL 31 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.982 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDN81 UT WOS:000314094600002 ER PT J AU Pan, KC Brown, D Subramanyam, G Penno, R Jiang, H Zhang, CH Patterson, M Kuhl, D Leedy, K Cerny, C AF Pan, K. C. Brown, D. Subramanyam, G. Penno, R. Jiang, H. Zhang, C. H. Patterson, M. Kuhl, D. Leedy, K. Cerny, C. TI A Reconfigurable Coplanar Waveguide Bowtie Antenna Using an Integrated Ferroelectric Thin-Film Varactor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB A novel printed antenna with a frequency reconfigurable feed network is presented. The antenna consists of a bowtie structure patch radiating element in the inner space of an annulus that is on a nongrounded substrate with a ferroelectric (FE) Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film. The bowtie patch is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line that also includes a CPW-based BST shunt varactor. Reconfiguration of the compact 8 mm x 8 mm system has been demonstrated by shifting the antenna system's operating frequency 500 MHz in the 7-9 GHz band by applying a DC voltage bias. C1 [Pan, K. C.; Brown, D.; Subramanyam, G.; Penno, R.; Jiang, H.; Zhang, C. H.; Patterson, M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kuhl, D.; Leedy, K.; Cerny, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM brownd7@udayton.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2012 AR 249019 DI 10.1155/2012/249019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 085ET UT WOS:000314597800001 ER PT J AU Clare, AS Cummings, ML How, JP Whitten, AK Toupet, O AF Clare, Andrew S. Cummings, Mary L. How, Jonathan P. Whitten, Andrew K. Toupet, Olivier TI Operator Objective Function Guidance for a Real-Time Unmanned Vehicle Scheduling Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; AIR VEHICLES; AUTOMATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; UAVS AB Advances in autonomy have made it possible to invert the typical operator-to-unmanned-vehicle ratio so that a single operator can now control multiple heterogeneous unmanned vehicles. Algorithms used in unmanned-vehicle path planning and task allocation typically have an objective function that only takes into account variables initially identified by designers with set weightings. This can make the algorithm seemingly opaque to an operator and brittle under changing mission priorities. To address these issues, it is proposed that allowing operators to dynamically modify objective function weightings of an automated planner during a mission can have performance benefits. A multiple-unmanned-vehicle simulation test bed was modified so that operators could either choose one variable or choose any combination of equally weighted variables for the automated planner to use in evaluating mission plans. Results from a human-participant experiment showed that operators rated their performance and confidence highest when using the dynamic objective function with multiple objectives. Allowing operators to adjust multiple objectives resulted in enhanced situational awareness, increased spare mental capacity, fewer interventions to modify the objective function, and no significant differences in mission performance. Adding this form of flexibility and transparency to automation in future unmanned vehicle systems could improve performance, engender operator trust, and reduce errors. C1 [Clare, Andrew S.; Cummings, Mary L.; How, Jonathan P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Whitten, Andrew K.] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Toupet, Olivier] Zee Aero, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM aclare@mit.edu; missyc@mit.edu; jhow@mit.edu; andrew.whitten@edwards.af.mil; otoupet@zee.aero OI How, Jonathan/0000-0001-8576-1930 FU Aurora Flight Sciences; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This research is sponsored by Aurora Flight Sciences and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Karl Kulling of Aurora Flight Sciences provided extensive algorithm support. Cameron Fraser of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Aerospace Controls Laboratory provided test bed support. Han-Lim Choi of the MIT Aerospace Controls Laboratory provided consensus-based bundle algorithm support. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.2514/1.I010019 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 083KL UT WOS:000314462300003 ER PT J AU Tsai, CC Rubin, B Tatartschuk, E Owens, JR Luzinov, I Kornev, KG AF Tsai, Chen-Chih Rubin, Binyamin Tatartschuk, Eugen Owens, Jeffery R. Luzinov, Igor Kornev, Konstantin G. TI Efficiency of Microwave Heating of Weakly Loaded Polymeric Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Frontiers in Fiber Materials Science CY OCT 11-13, 2011 CL Charleston, SC ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB Electrical and thermal conductivity of materials are typically correlated, while some applications, including thermoelectrics, require these parameters to be controlled independently. Such independent control of thermal and electromagnetic properties can be achieved by using nanocomposites. In this study, nanocomposites were produced by mixing a small amount of carbon nanofibers (CNF), carbon coated cobalt (Co), and nickel nanowires (NiNW) with paraffin, which has low thermal and almost zero electrical conductivity. The fraction of nanoinclusions in the paraffin matrix was very low (below 1%). We showed that the thermal properties of nanocomposites are essentially the same as those of pure paraffin, while electromagnetic properties are significantly different. To determine the dependence of the heating rate on filler concentration, paraffin-based samples were heated in a microwave oven. We found that the heating rate of nanocomposites made of carbon nanofibers is much greater than that of any other nanocomposites. These findings suggest that at 2.45 GHz frequency, the heating rate is mostly controlled by the electrical losses in the fillers. The theoretical model predicts that the heating rate increases linearly with the particle concentration, which is in agreement with the experimental data. C1 [Tsai, Chen-Chih; Rubin, Binyamin; Tatartschuk, Eugen; Luzinov, Igor; Kornev, Konstantin G.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Tech Div, Airbase Sci Branch, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. RP Kornev, KG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 161 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kkornev@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2012 VL 7 SI SI BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 083JT UT WOS:000314460200008 ER PT J AU Collins, TJ AF Collins, Timothy J. TI Tomorrow's Warfighter Capability: Introduction SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Editorial Material AB This issue of The Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest highlights some of the Precision Engagement Business Area's recent activities in the science and technology domain. These activities serve to advance the state of the art and offer evidence that emerging technologies are useful and applicable in the national security environment. The purpose of this issue is twofold: (i) to reorient readers to the salutary effects of science and technology achievement in the realm of precision engagement and (ii) to expose the breadth and depth of the current efforts in the Precision Engagement Business Area as it continues to make significant and meaningful contributions to delivering offensive combat capabilities. With its institutional heritage of 70 years, APL recognizes the contributions of our nation's scientists and engineers to America's rise in global power. Not unlike in our past, today's science and technology endeavors will provide the underpinnings of America's war-fighting capability for tomorrow. C1 [Collins, Timothy J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Execut Leadership Team, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Collins, Timothy J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Collins, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Execut Leadership Team, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM timothy.collins@jhuapl.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 88 EP 92 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 080HM UT WOS:000314232300001 ER PT J AU Albertin, CB Bonnaud, L Brown, CT Crookes-Goodson, WJ da Fonseca, RR Di Cristo, C Dilkes, BP Edsinger-Gonzales, E Freeman, RM Hanlon, RT Koenig, KM Lindgren, AR Martindale, MQ Minx, P Moroz, LL Nodl, MT Nyholm, SV Ogura, A Pungor, JR Rosenthal, JJC Schwarz, EM Shigeno, S Strugnell, JM Wollesen, T Zhang, GJ Ragsdale, CW AF Albertin, Caroline B. Bonnaud, Laure Brown, C. Titus Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. da Fonseca, Rute R. Di Cristo, Carlo Dilkes, Brian P. Edsinger-Gonzales, Eric Freeman, Robert M., Jr. Hanlon, Roger T. Koenig, Kristen M. Lindgren, Annie R. Martindale, Mark Q. Minx, Patrick Moroz, Leonid L. Noedl, Marie-Therese Nyholm, Spencer V. Ogura, Atsushi Pungor, Judit R. Rosenthal, Joshua J. C. Schwarz, Erich M. Shigeno, Shuichi Strugnell, Jan M. Wollesen, Tim Zhang, Guojie Ragsdale, Clifton W. TI Cephalopod genomics: A plan of strategies and organization SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLUKE SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; SEPIA-OFFICINALIS; BACTERIAL MUTUALISM; LABORATORY CULTURE; OCTOPUS-VULGARIS; OPTIC GLAND; CUTTLEFISH; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; MOLLUSKS AB The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, "Paths to Cephalopod Genomics-Strategies, Choices, Organization," held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod mollusks. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this white paper. C1 [Albertin, Caroline B.; Ragsdale, Clifton W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bonnaud, Laure] Univ Paris Diderot, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France. [Brown, C. Titus] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brown, C. Titus] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [da Fonseca, Rute R.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Di Cristo, Carlo] Univ Sannio, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Benevento, Italy. [Dilkes, Brian P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Edsinger-Gonzales, Eric] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freeman, Robert M., Jr.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA USA. [Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Koenig, Kristen M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lindgren, Annie R.] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Martindale, Mark Q.] Univ Hawaii, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Minx, Patrick] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Inst, St Louis, MO USA. [Moroz, Leonid L.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL USA. [Noedl, Marie-Therese] Univ Vienna, Dept Theoret Biol, Vienna, Austria. [Nyholm, Spencer V.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Ogura, Atsushi] Univ Tokushima, Inst Genome Res, Tokushima 770, Japan. [Pungor, Judit R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Rosenthal, Joshua J. C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Neurobiol, San Juan, PR 00901 USA. [Schwarz, Erich M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Shigeno, Shuichi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Strugnell, Jan M.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Wollesen, Tim] Univ Vienna, Dept Integrat Zool, Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, Guojie] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Ragsdale, Clifton W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurobiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ragsdale, CW (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, 1025 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cragsdale@uchicago.edu RI da Fonseca, Rute/F-9143-2013; Zhang, Guojie/B-6188-2014; Strugnell, Jan/P-9921-2016; Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016; Dilkes, Brian/C-9293-2012; OI Wollesen, Tim/0000-0003-0464-1254; da Fonseca, Rute/0000-0002-2805-4698; Zhang, Guojie/0000-0001-6860-1521; Brown, C. Titus/0000-0001-6001-2677; Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674; Dilkes, Brian/0000-0003-2799-954X; Edsinger, Eric/0000-0002-1012-1506; BONNAUD-PONTICELLI, Laure/0000-0001-7510-5032; Schwarz, Erich/0000-0003-3151-4381 FU National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) [EF-0905606] FX We thank Drs. Carlos Canchaya and David Glanzman who were unable to attend the full meeting but contributed to our discussions and decisions. The Catalysis Group Meeting was supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) under grant number NSF #EF-0905606. NR 79 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 38 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.4056/sigs.3136559 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 082QB UT WOS:000314405900018 PM 23451296 ER PT S AU Reising, DR Temple, MA AF Reising, Donald R. Temple, Michael A. GP IEEE TI WiMAX Mobile Subscriber Verification Using Gabor-Based RF-DNA Fingerprints SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE AB Considerable effort has been put forth to exploit physical layer attributes to augment network bit-level security mechanisms. RF-DNA fingerprints possess such attributes and can be used to uniquely identify authorized users and mitigate unauthorized network activity. These attributes are unique to a given electronic device and difficult to replicate for cloning, spoofing, etc. Device discrimination (identification) of WiMAX devices has been successfully demonstrated using a one-to-many comparison against a pool of unknown device fingerprints. The work here now addresses device authentication using a one-to-one comparison against the specific fingerprint associated with a claimed bit-level identity (MAC, SIM, IMEI, etc). The concept is demonstrated using Gabor-based RF-DNA extracted from near-transient burst responses of 802.16e WiMAX mobile subscriber devices-device identification of better than 96% is achieved with verification EER <= 1.6% for SNR >= -3 dB. C1 [Reising, Donald R.; Temple, Michael A.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reising, DR (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Donald.Reising@afit.edu; Michael.Temple@afit.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4577-2053-6 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BDD72 UT WOS:000312855701065 ER PT S AU Redfield, RC Sutela, C AF Redfield, Robin C. Sutela, Cory BE Drane, P Sherwood, J TI Mountain bike wheel endurance testing and modeling SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT CONFERENCE 2012 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Sports-Engineering-Association (ISEA) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA SP Int Sports Engn Assoc (ISEA) HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE Mountain biking; wheels; failure testing AB Mountain bike wheels may be evaluated for durability and mode of failure using bump drum test machines that subject wheels to simulated rider loads and uneven terrain. These machines may operate at high speeds in order to accelerate failures, particularly during the design and prototype phase of wheel development. This paper describes a mathematical model of the dynamics of a wheel test drum assembly, and the validation of the model using data recorded during a wheel test. This model will subsequently be applied to better understand the key test operating parameters that must be controlled in order to produce repeatable durability data during accelerated testing. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Redfield, Robin C.] US AF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sutela, Cory] Colorado Dev Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Redfield, RC (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rob.redfield@usafa.edu FU SRAM LLC.; Colorado Development Center FX y The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of SRAM LLC, Colorado Development Center in supporting this work. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2012 VL 34 BP 658 EP 663 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.112 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Sport Sciences GA BDN55 UT WOS:000314046000112 ER PT S AU Browning, JP Griffiths, HD Baker, CJ Wicks, MC AF Browning, James Paul Griffiths, Hugh D. Baker, Chris J. Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI On the Detection of Weak Targets that Exhibit Partial-Coherence SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB The detection of small targets against a background of clutter and interference has long been a challenge to the designer of radar systems. Whilst much progress has been made, there is still a strong motivation to improve performance even further. Specifically here, the detection of targets that are both weak and extended where the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) is negative is considered. This work examines a novel diversity based coherent integration technique where the coherence is partial. C1 [Browning, James Paul] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Browning, JP (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Browning@wpafb.af.mil; h.griffiths@ee.ucl.ac.uk; baker@ece.osu.edu; Michael.Wicks@udri.udayton.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301297 ER PT S AU Ehrenberg, IM Sarma, SE Wu, BI AF Ehrenberg, Isaac M. Sarma, Sanjay E. Wu, Bae-Ian GP IEEE TI Fully Conformal FSS via Rapid 3D Prototyping SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc AB Prototype fabrication of microwave antennae and metamaterials has been dominated by planar manufacturing techniques, complicating experimental validation of designs that utilize more than two dimensions. This paper introduces a methodology that enables the rapid fabrication of electromagnetic prototypes with complex surfaces. As an example, a conformal frequency selective surface is presented in the form of a paraboloid patterned with an array of cross loop features. Experiments confirm the surface exhibits a stop band at 12.5 GHz, achieving a 30dB drop in power transmission. C1 [Ehrenberg, Isaac M.; Sarma, Sanjay E.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02446 USA. [Wu, Bae-Ian] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ehrenberg, IM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02446 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442300353 ER PT S AU Kent, BM Ehret, RA AF Kent, Brian M. Ehret, Robert A. GP IEEE TI Rethinking Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance in a Wireless Connected World SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate, in Dayton Ohio, has a mission "To lead the discovery, development, and integration of affordable sensor technologies for our warfighters." Within this functional mission, the USAF is witnessing a worldwide revolution in technologies related to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. While "commercial off the shelf" wireless components help the USAF rapidly create and field ISR capabilities in months that once took years, the universal availability of cell phone and publically interconnected cameras and sensors are forcing the USAF to rethink traditional ISR paradigms altogether. Our nation's ability to deter international criminal and transnational violence will depend on our ability to produce a Globally Integrated ISR (GI-ISR) capability that rapidly provides decision makers with timely information. C1 [Kent, Brian M.; Ehret, Robert A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RY, Bldg 600,2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.kent@wpafb.af.mil; Robert.ehret@wpafb.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301333 ER PT S AU Kent, BM Thomas, C Ryan, P AF Kent, Brian M. Thomas, Christopher Ryan, Patti GP IEEE TI The NASA Debris Radar for Characterizing Static and Dynamic Ascent Debris Events for Safety of Flight SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB During the NASA "Columbia" accident investigation, the root cause of the accident was ultimately attributed to liberated foam debris damaging the left wing heat shield during ascent. After the accident, The Space Shuttle Program Systems Engineering and Integration (SE&I) Office tasked a joint AFRL, NASA, and US Navy team to create a day/night radar sensor to characterize the debris threat during the ascent phase of a Space Shuttle launch, and further identify/define the return signals as seen by the radar. Ultimately the team co-developed the "NASA Debris Radar (NDR)," a three-sensor C-and X-Band Doppler and radar imaging system that provided Shuttle mission managers unprecedented all weather insight into Shuttle dynamic debris events. This paper will briefly summarize the development and capabilities of the NDR and highlight exemplars of the processed radar data products, demonstrating how these products provided unprecedented insight into the complex ascent debris environment of the Shuttle. The NDR was successfully employed on every "post-accident" Shuttle mission. C1 [Kent, Brian M.; Thomas, Christopher; Ryan, Patti] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RY, Bldg 600,2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.Kent@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301078 ER PT S AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. GP IEEE TI Validation of the Slepian Approach to Truncation-Error Reduction in Spherical Near-Field Scanning SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB We apply the recently developed Slepian transverse vector spherical harmonics (TVSH) to near-field measurement data and show that the Slepian formalism virtually eliminates angular truncation errors. C1 USAF, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301259 ER PT S AU Nair, NV Pray, AJ Villa-Giron, J Shanker, B Wilton, DR AF Nair, N. V. Pray, A. J. Villa-Giron, J. Shanker, B. Wilton, D. R. GP IEEE TI A Singularity Cancellation Technique on Arbitrary Higher Order Patch Descriptions SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc DE Singularity cancellation; singular quadrature; near singularity; integral equations ID NUMERICAL EVALUATION; INTEGRALS AB Accurate integration of singular and near-singular functions is critical to the accuracy of the method of moments solution to integral equations. While this problem has been widely addressed for flat geometries, their extensions to higher order surface descriptions have been limited. This paper provides a comprehensive prescription for the application of the singularity cancellation schemes to higher order surfaces. We present implementation details and demonstrative results. C1 [Nair, N. V.; Pray, A. J.; Shanker, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Villa-Giron, J.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shanker, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wilton, D. R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Nair, NV (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-0811197, CCF- 1018516]; SMART program office [N00244-091-0081] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant DMS-0811197 and CCF- 1018516, and by the SMART program office through grant N00244-091-0081. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442300367 ER PT S AU O'Connor, A Vela, R Lo Monte, L AF O'Connor, Alan Vela, Russell Lo Monte, Lorenzo GP IEEE TI Target-adaptive Radar Pulse-train Optimization SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc ID TRACKING AB The possibility of optimizing pulse-train length in pulse-Doppler radar is investigated. Adapting pulse-train length in real-time changes the precision of range and velocity information present in radar returns and influences the eventual tracker performance. C1 [O'Connor, Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Connor, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.O'Connor.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; Russell.Vela.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; Lorenzo.Lomonte.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301298 ER PT S AU Scalzi, G AF Scalzi, Gary GP IEEE TI Implications of Current Radar Research on Antennas and Propogation SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Sensors Directorate is evolving the Outdoor Radar Range (ORR) to provide the research community with state-of-the-art testbed capabilities for the next decades. In this work, a general overview of the ORR will be presented, with particular emphasis on potential research activities of interest for both the antennas/propagation and the radar communities. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RF Phenomenol Sect RYMDA, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scalzi, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RF Phenomenol Sect RYMDA, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gary.Scalzi@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301301 ER PT J AU Stringer, J Lamont, G Akers, G AF Stringer, Jeremy Lamont, Gary Akers, Geoffrey GP IEEE TI Radar Phase-Coded Waveform Design using MOEAs SO 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) / International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) / IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE-CEC) / IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (IEEE-WCCI) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB This study applies the NSGA-II, SPEA2, and MOEA/D Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) to the radar phase coded waveform design problem. The MOEAs are used to generate a series of radar waveform phase codes that have excellent range resolution and Doppler resolution capabilities, while maintaining excellent autocorrelation properties. The study compares the ability of NSGA-II, SPEA2, and MOEA/D to generate a Pareto front of phase code solutions, and then improve upon the quality of the solutions while maintaining a sufficient diversity of available radar phase codes. Results demonstrate that for solving moderate to large instances of the radar phase code problem all three MOEAs generate a diverse set of Pareto optimal radar phase codes. The phase codes generated by NSGA-II have overall better autocorrelation properties than those generated by SPEA2 and MOEA/D, however, all three MOEAs produce useable phase codes. C1 [Stringer, Jeremy; Lamont, Gary; Akers, Geoffrey] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stringer, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.stringer@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu; geoffery.akers@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1509-8 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BDD74 UT WOS:000312859302116 ER PT S AU King, AS Martin, RK AF King, Amanda Sue Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI THE BENEFITS OF GAME USE IN A SIGNAL PROCESSING GRADUATE CLASS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Signal Processing Soc, IEEE DE games; education; review; graduate; analysis AB It is important in the age of the INTERNET and video games to keep students engaged in the classroom. One way of doing this is through the use of games and simulations. TABOO(TM) is a card game which involves getting players to say a keyword without saying five forbidden words(1). This can be adapted for any number of different subjects. In this paper the game was adapted for use in "Detection and Estimation" (EENG663) class at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). A study was conducted to see if there is a difference in the scores of the final examination for two different groups. Data was obtained on the students. Their project, midterm and final exam scores were recorded. Group one took EENG663 without the additional game preparation, group two had the additional review given right before the final exam. A statistical analysis of the scores is presented in this paper. Some students also completed a survey that asked their opinions on using the game in the classroom. Results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean final exam scores for the two groups. C1 [King, Amanda Sue; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP King, AS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amanda.king@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-0046-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2012 BP 2753 EP 2756 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BDA84 UT WOS:000312381402209 ER PT S AU Wenndt, SJ Mitchell, RL AF Wenndt, Stanley J. Mitchell, Ronald L. GP IEEE TI FAMILIAR SPEAKER RECOGNITION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Signal Processing Soc, IEEE DE Speaker Familiarity; Voice Recognitions by Humans ID IDENTIFICATION AB Speaker recognition by machines can be quite good for large groups as seen in NIST speaker recognition evaluations. However, speaker recognition by machine can be fragile for changing environments. This research examines how robust humans are for recognizing familiar speakers in changing environments. Additionally, bandlimited noise was used to try to learn what frequency regions are important for human listeners to recognize familiar speakers. C1 [Wenndt, Stanley J.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Wenndt, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM Stanley.Wenndt@rl.af.mil; mitcherl@clarkson.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-0046-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2012 BP 4237 EP 4240 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BDA84 UT WOS:000312381404077 ER PT S AU Wenndt, SJ Mitchell, RL AF Wenndt, Stanley J. Mitchell, Ronald L. GP IEEE TI MACHINE RECOGNITION VS HUMAN RECOGNITION OF VOICES SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Signal Processing Soc, IEEE DE Speaker Familiarity; Human Voice Recognition; Robust Speaker Identification ID PARAMETERS; PATTERNS AB While automated speaker recognition by machines can be quite good as seen in NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluations, performance can still suffer when the environmental conditions, emotions, or recording quality changes. This research examines how robust humans are compared to machine recognition for changing environments. Several data conditions including short sentences, frequency selective noise, and time-reversed speech are used to test the robustness of both humans and machine algorithms. Statistical significance tests were completed and, for most conditions, human were more robust. C1 [Wenndt, Stanley J.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Wenndt, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM Stanley.Wenndt@rl.af.mil; mitcherl@clarkson.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-0046-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2012 BP 4245 EP 4248 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BDA84 UT WOS:000312381404079 ER PT S AU Danner, BL Coutu, RA AF Danner, Brent L. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. BE Walczak, R Dziuban, J TI Characterizing Metal-Insulator-Transition (MIT) Phase Change Materials (PCM) for RF and DC Micro-switching Elements SO 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS, EUROSENSOR 2012 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (Eurosensors) CY SEP 09-12, 2012 CL Krakow, POLAND DE Metal Insulator Transition Materials (MIT); Phase Change Materials (PCM); Germanium Telluride (GeTe); Vanadium Oxide (VOx) AB Metal-insulator transition (MIT) phase-change materials (PCM) are material compounds that have the ability to be either conductors or insulators depending on external stimuli. A micromachined test structure for applying external electric fields across MIT wire segments was designed and fabricated. Using this novel test structure, Germanium Telluride (GeTe) and Vanadium Oxide (VOx) were successfully transitioned from a conductor to an insulator. The resistivity of the GeTe wire segments increased three to five orders of magnitude with similar to 40V applied to the parallel plates of the test structure. The VOx wires exhibited an order of magnitude transition in resistivity with similar to 20V applied. Characterization of both RF and DC switching performance of these MIT wire segments was completed and GeTe and VOx appear to be viable materials for micro-switching. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd....Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Symposium Cracoviense Sp. z.o.o. C1 [Danner, Brent L.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2012 VL 47 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.089 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDE57 UT WOS:000312953300021 ER PT S AU Glauvitz, N Blazevic, S Coutu, R Kistler, M Medvedev, IR Petkie, D AF Glauvitz, N. Blazevic, S. Coutu, R., Jr. Kistler, M. Medvedev, I. R. Petkie, D. BE Walczak, R Dziuban, J TI A MEMS photoacoustic detector of terahertz radiation for chemical sensing SO 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS, EUROSENSOR 2012 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (Eurosensors) CY SEP 09-12, 2012 CL Wroclaw Univ Technol, Fac Microsystem Elect & Photon, Krakow, POLAND HO Wroclaw Univ Technol, Fac Microsystem Elect & Photon DE MEMS; Cantilever; Piezoelectric; Photoacoustic; Terahertz Sensor ID GAS-ANALYSIS AB A piezoelectric Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever pressure sensor was designed, modeled, fabricated, and tested for sensing the photoacoustic response of gases to terahertz (THz) radiation. The sensing layers were comprised of three thin films; a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric layer sandwiched between two metal contact layers. The sensor materials were deposited on the silicon device layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which formed the physical structure of the cantilever. To release the cantilever, a hole was etched through the backside of the wafer and the buried oxide was removed with hydrofluoric acid. Devices were then tested in a custom made THz vacuum test chamber. Cantilever deflection was observed with a laser interferometer in the test chamber and preliminary data indicates the signals were caused by the photoacoustic effect. Future device data will also include the piezoelectric voltage signal analysis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd....Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Symposium Cracoviense Sp. z.o.o. C1 [Glauvitz, N.; Blazevic, S.; Coutu, R., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kistler, M.; Medvedev, I. R.; Petkie, D.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Coutu, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@AFIT.edu RI Medvedev, Ivan/E-8486-2014 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2012 VL 47 BP 730 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.251 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDE57 UT WOS:000312953300182 ER PT J AU Rehg, MT Gundlach, MJ Grigorian, RA AF Rehg, Michael T. Gundlach, Michael J. Grigorian, Reza A. TI Examining the influence of cross-cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific self-efficacy SO CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Intelligence; Training; Lectures; Cultural intelligence; Cross-cultural training; Self-efficacy ID COGNITIVE-ABILITY; PERSONALITY; ADJUSTMENT; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCE; SUCCESS; MODEL AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ) and specific self-efficacy (SSE), and the effect of training on CQ and SSE. Design/methodology/approach - Pre and post-test surveys were administered to 110 US government contracting trainees, in four separate training settings, to measure the effects of training on mean CQ and SSE scores. Two administrations included pre and post-test surveys. One was designed as a post-test only, while the fourth was taken from 25 contracting officers in a recurring training setting. Statistical analyses were performed through the use of t-tests to measure the significance of the change in means across training classes. Findings - It was found that training using a lecture format significantly improved mean levels of CQ on the cognitive and behavioral dimensions, while less significantly improving motivational CQ. SSE scores from pre- to post-training were also only marginally improved. An additional finding showed significant positive correlations between CQ and SSE, but only in post- training samples. Practical implications - These findings indicate that managers can use cultural training as an effective tool to increase the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of their employees' CQ, helping employees to be more effective in overseas assignments. In addition, improving employees' SSE on a task to be performed in a cross-cultural situation may help to improve levels of CQ, and thus 'cross-cultural performance. Originality/value - The paper demonstrates the link between SSE and CQ, and shows that CQ and SSE can be improved through training. The relationship among these variables had not been empirically tested in past research, especially involving samples of public sector employees. C1 [Rehg, Michael T.; Gundlach, Michael J.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Management, Coll Business, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Grigorian, Reza A.] USAF, AFMC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rehg, MT (reprint author), Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Management, Coll Business, Chico, CA 95929 USA. EM mrehg@csuchico.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1352-7606 J9 CROSS CULT MANAG JI Cross Cult. Manag. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1108/13527601211219892 PG 18 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 067OP UT WOS:000313305300005 ER PT S AU Cleary, JW Snure, M Leedy, KD Look, DC Eyink, K Tiwari, A AF Cleary, Justin W. Snure, Michael Leedy, Kevin D. Look, David C. Eyink, Kurt Tiwari, Ashutosh BE Zamboni, R Kajzar, F Szep, AA TI Mid- to long-wavelength infrared surface plasmon properties in doped zinc oxides SO OPTICAL MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS IN SECURITY AND DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology IX CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE plasmonics; infrared; sensors; waveguides; zinc oxides ID RESONANCE BIOSENSORS; SILICON; SILICIDES AB This work investigates properties of surface plasmons on doped metal oxides in the 2-20 mu m wavelength regime. By varying the stoichiometry in pulse laser deposited Ga and Al doped ZnO, the plasmonic properties can be controlled via a fluctuating free carrier concentration. This deterministic approach may enable one to develop the most appropriate stoichometry of ZnAlO and ZnGaO in regards to specific plasmonic applications for particular IR wavelengths. Presented are theoretical and experimental investigations pertaining to ZnAlO and ZnGaO as surface plasmon host materials. Samples are fabricated via pulsed laser deposition and characterized by infrared ellipsometry and Hall-effect measurements. Complex permittivity spectra are presented, as well as plasmon properties such as the field propagation lengths and penetration depths, in the infrared range of interest. Drude considerations are utilized to determine how the optical properties may change with doping. Finite element simulations verify these plasmonic properties. These materials not only offer potential use as IR plasmon hosts for sensor applications, but also offer new integrated device possibilities due to stoichiometric control of electrical and optical properties. C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Snure, Michael; Leedy, Kevin D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Eyink, Kurt] Air Force Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tiwari, Ashutosh] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) [12RY10COR]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. James Hwang) [FA9550-10-1-0079] FX JWC would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under contract number 12RY10COR. DCL would like acknowledge support also from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. James Hwang) under grant number FA9550-10-1-0079. We also acknowledge Tim A. Cooper for Hall-effect measurements. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9286-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8545 AR 854504 DI 10.1117/12.974619 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH75 UT WOS:000313294400002 ER PT S AU McConnell, SN Seal, MD Nauyoks, SE Murphy, NR Sun, LR Marciniak, MA AF McConnell, Shane N. Seal, Michael D. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Murphy, Neil R. Sun, Lirong Marciniak, Michael A. BE Stockman, MI TI Spectral coherent emission of thermal radiation in the far-field from a truncated resonator SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties X CY AUG 12-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coherent thermal radiation; infrared; plasmonics; selective emitter; multilayer ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; ABSORPTION; FILMS; THIN AB The spectral radiative properties of coherent thermal emission in the mid-and far-IR from two metal-semiconductor resonating structures were demonstrated experimentally. Using an efficient implementation of Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis, a truncated resonator was designed to selectively emit at mid-IR and far-IR wavelengths. A High Impulse Power Magnetron Sputtering deposition technique was used to fabricate two Ag-Ge-Ag resonating structures with layer thicknesses of 6-240-160 nm for one sample and 6-700-200 nm for the other. Reflectance measurements demonstrated spectrally selective absorption at the designed mid- and far-IR wavelengths whose general behavior was largely unaffected by a wide range of incident angles. Further, radiance measurements were taken at various high temperatures, up to 601 K, where spectrally selective emission was achieved through wave interference effects due to thermally excited surface waves. From these radiance measurements, spectral emittance was directly derived and compared to the emittance inferred from reflectance measurements. It was established that inferring emittance through Kirchhoff's law can help to approximate the expected emission from a structure, but it is not an exact method of determining the actual emittance of a thermal source at higher temperatures due to the temperature dependence of material parameters. C1 [McConnell, Shane N.; Seal, Michael D.; Nauyoks, Stephen E.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murphy, Neil R.; Sun, Lirong] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McConnell, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mcconnell.sn@gmail.com OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9174-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8457 AR 845736 DI 10.1117/12.930397 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BDH14 UT WOS:000313216000038 ER PT S AU Sellers, SR Vap, JC Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA Ku, ZY AF Sellers, Spencer R. Vap, Jason C. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Marciniak, Michael A. Ku, Zahyun BE Stockman, MI TI Investigation of surface plasmonic extraordinary transmission for spectral, polarimetric and off-normal incidence SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties X CY AUG 12-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface plasmonic structure; extraordinary transmission; Mueller matrix AB Extraordinary transmission of surface plasmonic (SP) structures has been widely studied but lacking is a focus on the off-normal dependency of the resonant modes and how this affects the transmission spectrum. The measurements of off-normal spectral transmission for a SP structure were compared to finite-difference time-domain simulations. The SP sample is a gold/titanium thin film (50 nm) with a 2D square array of circular holes deposited on 1 mu m of highly ndoped, n=2e18cm(-3), gallium-arsenide (GaAs) upon a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Spectral transmission measurements were taken for wavelengths from 2-12 mu m, incident elevation and azimuthal angles of theta=0 degrees, 20 degrees and 40 degrees, and phi=0 degrees and 45 degrees, respectively, with linearly polarized and un-polarized light. The first and second-order surface plasmon modes and their dependency on., f, polarization and the grating momentum vector were identified. The measurements and simulations corroborate the theoretical analysis, giving a closed-form solution to the spectral location of lower-order modes. For off-normal incidence in a plane parallel to the array periodicity (phi=0 degrees), the (1,0) mode as defined for p-polarization splits while the (0,1) mode as defined for s-polarization, remains essentially unchanged for all.. For phi=45 degrees incidence, both polarizations split the modes. Full polarimetric spectral transmission was both measured and simulated, giving a Mueller matrix representation of the spectral transmission of the SP structure at phi=0 degrees and 20 degrees and phi=0 degrees and 45 degrees, demonstrating that this structure is moderately depolarizing when resonant. The results show the dependence on incident angle and polarization of the extraordinary transmission of SP structures. C1 [Sellers, Spencer R.; Vap, Jason C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nauyoks, Stephen E.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ku, Zahyun] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sellers, SR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9174-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8457 AR 84573K DI 10.1117/12.929696 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BDH14 UT WOS:000313216000042 ER PT S AU Bartsch, CM Lombardi, JP Aga, RS Lorenzini, RG Kline, WM Sotzing, G Heckman, EM Subramanyam, G AF Bartsch, Carrie M. Lombardi, Jack P., III Aga, Roberto S., Jr. Lorenzini, Robert G. Kline, Whitney M. Sotzing, Gregory Heckman, Emily M. Subramanyam, Guru BE Garimella, A Purdy, CC TI Response of Varactors Containing DNA-Conjugated Polymer SO 2012 IEEE 55TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Boise, ID SP IEEE, Boise State Univ, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS) ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB We study the effect on the microwave S-parameters of adding a conjugated polymer layer to a deoxyribonucleic acid-based (DNA-based) biopolymer within a variable capacitor (varactor) using a capacitive test structure. The conjugated polymer we are using in this work is poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and the DNA-based biopolymer is DNA-CTMA. The results are compared to both the baseline DNA-based biopolymer and the conjugated polymer layer added to a layer of polyvinyl alcohol. The addition of the conjugated polymer layer underneath the DNA-based biopolymer is found to most significantly improve the stability and dielectric tuning of the DNA-based biopolymer. C1 [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Lombardi, Jack P., III; Aga, Roberto S., Jr.; Sotzing, Gregory; Heckman, Emily M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kline, Whitney M.; Sotzing, Gregory] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem & Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bartsch, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Lorenzini, Robert/0000-0001-9429-1379 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4673-2527-1 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2012 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC73 UT WOS:000312667200036 ER PT S AU Gallo, EM Willner, BI Hwang, J Sun, S Spencer, M Salagaj, T Mitchel, WC Sbrockey, N Tompa, GS AF Gallo, Eric M. Willner, Bruce I. Hwang, Jeonghyun Sun, Shangzhu Spencer, Michael Salagaj, Tom Mitchel, William C. Sbrockey, Nick Tompa, Gary S. BE Pribat, D Lee, YH Razeghi, M TI Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Copper at Reduced Temperatures SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Associated Devices V CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Graphene; Chemical vapor deposition; low temperature growth ID DEVICES; FILMS AB A preliminary study on reduced temperature chemical vapor deposition of graphene on copper substrates was performed. Graphene's exceptional mechanical strength, very high electrical and thermal conductivity, and stability at atomic layer thicknesses, generates potential for a broad range of applications, from nanodevices to transparent conductor to chemical sensor. Of the techniques demonstrated for graphene formation, chemical vapor deposition is the sole process suitable for manufacturing large area films. While large area film deposition of graphene has been shown on metal substrates, this process has been limited to high temperatures, 900-1000C, which increases the cost of production and limits methods of integrating the graphene with other material structures. In this work, CVD of graphene on copper foil was attempted over a range of temperatures (650 - 950C) on substrates as large as 5 x 15 cm in a horizontal tube reactor. Depositions were performed using both CVD and upstream Plasma-Enhanced CVD (PECVD), and the results are compared for both techniques. Quality of graphene films deposited with and without plasma enhancement was characterized by micro Raman spectroscopy. C1 [Gallo, Eric M.; Willner, Bruce I.; Sun, Shangzhu; Salagaj, Tom; Sbrockey, Nick; Tompa, Gary S.] Struct Mat Ind, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hwang, Jeonghyun; Spencer, Michael] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Mitchel, William C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tompa, GS (reprint author), Struct Mat Ind, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM GSTompa@aol.com FU Air Force Phase II STTR [FA9550-10-C-0168]; NSF/ASEE SBIR Post-Doctral Fellowship FX This work was supported under an Air Force Phase II STTR (FA9550-10-C-0168); F.G was supported by an NSF/ASEE SBIR Post-Doctral Fellowship. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9179-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8462 AR 846203 DI 10.1117/12.929094 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDG13 UT WOS:000313077800001 ER PT S AU Mou, S Kim, SS Chen, KH Chen, LC Naik, RR Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Mou, Shin Kim, Steve S. Chen, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Li-Chyong Naik, Rajesh R. Brown, Gail J. Mitchel, W. C. BE Pribat, D Lee, YH Razeghi, M TI Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of CVD graphene on Si SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Associated Devices V CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Graphene; Infrared; CVD; Transmission; FTIR AB We report transmission spectroscopy results from the mid- to far-infrared on graphene, grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu. Similar results have been reported by several groups and their substrates of choice were thermal Si dioxide, quartz, or SiC, where strong phonon absorption results in transmission blocking bands in mid-infrared. Silicon wafers (thickness similar to 500 mu m), on the other hand, have transmission extending out to about 100 cm(-1) when the doping level is low. Therefore, we choose to use Si wafers as the carrier substrates for transferred CVD graphene. The complex refractive index of the Si substrate is measured by infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. As a result, continuous spectra (without blocking bands) in the range of 400 to 4000 cm(-1) are obtained and they are modeled by free carrier absorption (the Drude model) and interband transitions (considering the Pauli blocking.) From these, the carrier density, carrier mobility, sheet resistivity, intraband scattering rate, and graphene layer number can be inferred. In the far-infrared range, the absorption is dominated by the intraband free carrier absorption and it mainly results from the interband transition in the mid-infrared range. Having continuous spectra using the Si substrates gives us the advantage to model the whole spectral region (from far-infrared to mid-infrared) accurately. C1 [Mou, Shin; Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Brown, Gail J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, Li-Chyong] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Mou, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (USA); Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under AFOSR; Ministry of Education, National Science Council, Academia Sinica (Taiwan) FX The authors acknowledge support from Air Force Research Laboratory (USA) and Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under AFOSR. K.-H. Chen and L.- C. Chen also acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Education, National Science Council, Academia Sinica (Taiwan). S. M. acknowledges the assistance on the Raman spectroscopy from Shanee Pacley (Air Force Research Laboratory) and the assistance on the spectroscopic ellipsometry from Kurt Eyink (Air Force Research Laboratory.) NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9179-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8462 AR 84620H DI 10.1117/12.930246 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDG13 UT WOS:000313077800010 ER PT S AU Pacley, S Mitchel, W Murray, PT Anderson, D Smith, HE Beck-Millerton, E Voevodin, AA AF Pacley, S. Mitchel, W. Murray, P. T. Anderson, D. Smith, H. E. Beck-Millerton, E. Voevodin, A. A. BE Pribat, D Lee, YH Razeghi, M TI Investigation of the behavior of the Ni catalyst in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanopearls SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Associated Devices V CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon nanopearls; nickel; catalyst; chemical vapor deposition ID NANOSPHERES; SPHERES; NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH AB The role of the nickel catalyst size and its chemical and structural evolution during the early stages of carbon nanopearl nucleation and growth, by chemical vapor deposition from acetylene/argon mixture, was investigated and correlated with the resulting nanopearls morphological and structural properties. Carbon nanopearls were grown using Ni nanoparticles that were 20 nm and 100 nm in size, at a growth temperature of 850 degrees C, for the following growth times: 10 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec, 90 sec, 120 sec and 300 sec. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the carbon nanopearl samples. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra showed the following chemical constituents were present during the growth of carbon nanopearls: NiO, Ni2O3, Ni3C, Ni, CO and C (both amorphous and graphite). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in carbon nanopearl size with larger Ni nanoparticles Finally, the results showed that the 20 nm Ni nanoparticles chemically reacted sooner than the 100 nm Ni nanoparticles. C1 [Pacley, S.; Mitchel, W.; Beck-Millerton, E.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Anderson, D.; Smith, H. E.] Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH USA. RP Pacley, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9179-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8462 AR 846205 DI 10.1117/12.929766 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDG13 UT WOS:000313077800003 ER PT S AU Grote, JG Gorman, T Ouchen, F AF Grote, James G. Gorman, Timothy Ouchen, Fahima BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Solid state lighting using deoxyribonucleic acid-phosphor blend SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Commercial white solid state lighting consists of a blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) that excites a yellow-emitting phosphor powder, which is encapsulated with epoxy on top of the LED die. In this paper, we present the results of replacing the epoxy, with a promising new material, a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymer. Using this DNA-biopolymer as the host, has shown the potential for improving both the brightness and color of the light output. C1 [Grote, James G.; Gorman, Timothy; Ouchen, Fahima] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 846402 DI 10.1117/12.944224 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800001 ER PT S AU Heckman, EM Aga, RS Cory, EMF Ouchen, F Lesko, A Telek, B Lombardi, J Bartsch, CM Grote, JG AF Heckman, Emily M. Aga, Roberto S. Cory, Emily M. Fehrman Ouchen, Fahima Lesko, Alyssa Telek, Brian Lombardi, Jack Bartsch, Carrie M. Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Advances in DNA Photonics SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA; Electro-optic modulator; waveguide; poled polymers; biopolymer ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; POLYMERS; MODULATORS; DEVICES; FILMS AB In this paper we present our current research in exploring a DNA biopolymer for photonics applications. A new processing technique has been adopted that employs a modified soxhlet-dialysis (SD) rinsing technique to completely remove excess ionic contaminants from the DNA biopolymer, resulting in a material with greater mechanical stability and enhanced performance reproducibility. This newly processed material has been shown to be an excellent material for cladding layers in poled polymer electro-optic (EO) waveguide modulator applications. Thin film poling results are reported for materials using the DNA biopolymer as a cladding layer, as are results for beam steering devices also using the DNA biopolymer. Finally, progress on fabrication of a Mach Zehnder EO modulator with DNA biopolymer claddings using nanoimprint lithography techniques is reported. C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Lombardi, Jack; Bartsch, Carrie M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aga, Roberto S.] General Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cory, Emily M. Fehrman] CUnivers Dayton, Elect Optic Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Telek, Brian] EUnivers Dayton, Dept Biochem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.] FAir Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 84640P DI 10.1117/12.930873 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800013 ER PT S AU Johnson, LE Latimer, LN Benight, SJ Watanabe, ZH Elder, DL Robinson, BH Bartsch, CM Heckman, EM Depotter, G Clays, K AF Johnson, Lewis E. Latimer, Luke N. Benight, Stephanie J. Watanabe, Zachary H. Elder, Delwin L. Robinson, Bruce H. Bartsch, Carrie M. Heckman, Emily M. Depotter, Griet Clays, Koen BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Novel cationic dye and crosslinkable surfactant for DNA biophotonics SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ETHIDIUM BROMIDE; COUMARIN AB Biopolymers such as DNA can be used as a host material for nonlinear optical dyes for photonic applications. In previous work by Heckman et al. (Proc. SPIE 6401, 640108-2), the chromophore Disperse Red 1 (DR1) was combined with CTMA-DNA (a water-insoluble DNA/surfactant complex) to produce an electro-optic waveguide modulator. However, DR1 does not bind strongly to DNA and has a low first hyperpolarizability (beta). We have used theory-aided design to develop and synthesize a novel chromophore with strong affinity for DNA and higher beta than DR1. We have also developed a surfactant containing a photocrosslinkable moiety that can be used to harden thin films of the DNA/surfactant/dye composite under ultraviolet light. The optical and thermal properties of these materials and outlook for device applications will be discussed. C1 [Johnson, Lewis E.; Latimer, Luke N.; Benight, Stephanie J.; Watanabe, Zachary H.; Elder, Delwin L.; Robinson, Bruce H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Depotter, Griet; Clays, Koen] Katholieke Univ Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF STC- MDITR [DMR- 0120967] FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, the NSF STC- MDITR ( DMR- 0120967), and the UW Student Technology Fund for financial support, as well as Andreas Tillack, Josh Davies, Meghana Rawal, and Wes Winn for technical assistance, and Rose Ann Cattolico and William Hardin for collaboration regarding additional uses for these materials, and James Grote, Bruce Eichinger, and Larry Dalton for useful discussion. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 84640D DI 10.1117/12.964958 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800007 ER PT S AU Joyce, DM Venkat, N Ouchen, F Singh, KM Smith, SR Grote, JG AF Joyce, Donna M. Venkat, Narayanan Ouchen, Fahima Singh, Kristi M. Smith, Steven R. Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Bio-dielectric organic-inorganic hybrid films for potential energy storage applications SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA; DNA-CTMA; bio-dielectrics; sol-gel; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; electric field strength ID COMPOSITE AB DNA-based bio-dielectrics incorporating sol-gel have been investigated for energy storage applications. Salmon DNA hybrid films blending sol-gel-ceramics with DNA-CTMA have potential for increased dielectric constants and higher environmental stability compared to DNA only films. Thin film capacitor devices were fabricated and characterized, showing stability in dielectric properties and reliability in voltage breakdown measurements, attaining values consistently at 300 V/um. Temperature-dependent dielectric properties as well as dielectric stability as a function of thermal cycling of these hybrid films are also discussed. C1 [Joyce, Donna M.; Venkat, Narayanan; Ouchen, Fahima; Singh, Kristi M.; Smith, Steven R.; Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joyce, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 84640T DI 10.1117/12.932387 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800014 ER PT S AU Mamangun, D Navarathne, D Sotzing, GA Lombardi, JP Bartsch, CM Heckman, EM Singh, KM Grote, JG Nelson, TR AF Mamangun, Donna Navarathne, Daminda Sotzing, Gregory A. Lombardi, Jack P. Bartsch, Carrie M. Heckman, Emily M. Singh, Kristi M. Grote, James G. Nelson, Thomas R., Jr. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Optoelectronics using DNA as a template for dyes SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA-CTMA; FRET; dyes; optoelectronics; solid-state device ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FLUORESCENCE; NANOFIBERS AB Aside from salmon DNA, other DNA sources were explored namely, herring and onion, to prepare DNA-surfactant complex, which will be used as a template for dyes undergoing Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Also, salmon DNA of low and high molecular weight were compared. This study aims to assess the effect of using different DNA sources and molecular weight on the efficiency of energy transfer between the dyes, coumarin 480 (Cm 480) and 4-[4-(dimethylamino) styryl]-1-docosyl-pyridinium bromide (Hemi 22 and to understand the fundamental properties of DNA-CTMA as a supporting matrix for optoelectronics applications. C1 [Mamangun, Donna; Navarathne, Daminda; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lombardi, Jack P.; Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.; Singh, Kristi M.; Grote, James G.; Nelson, Thomas R., Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mamangun, D (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 84640I DI 10.1117/12.931261 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800009 ER PT S AU Pawlik, G Radosz, W Mitus, AC Mysliwiec, J Miniewicz, A Kajzar, F Rau, I Grote, JG AF Pawlik, G. Radosz, W. Mitus, A. C. Mysliwiec, J. Miniewicz, A. Kajzar, F. Rau, I. Grote, J. G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Kinetics of grating inscription in DR1:DNA-CTMA thin film: experiment and semi-intercalation approach SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications V CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DR1:DNA-CTMA; diffraction grating; degenerate two-wave mixing; Monte Carlo; bond-fluctuating; void ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; AZOBENZENE CHROMOPHORES; POLYMER MATRIX AB The semi-intercalation hypothesis(1-5) which states that an azo-dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecule intercalates in a specific way into a biopolymeric material made of DNA complexed with the cationic surfactant CTMA, has successfully explained the main experimental results(6) of laser dynamic inscription of diffraction gratings: short response time, low diffraction efficiency, single-exponential kinetics and flat wavelength dependence.(4) Recent experiments indicate that the inscription of the grating displays some features of non-exponential behavior. To understand this complex dynamics we characterize local environment of polymeric chains in Monte Carlo modelling by analyzing some features of local free-volume (void) distribution. C1 [Pawlik, G.; Radosz, W.; Mitus, A. C.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Mysliwiec, J.; Miniewicz, A.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Kajzar, F.; Rau, I.] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Rau, I.] Univ dAngers, Inst Sci & Technol, MOLTECH, CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Grote, J. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Base, OH USA. RP Pawlik, G (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RI Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw/B-5198-2015; RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008; OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502; Miniewicz, Andrzej/0000-0003-2470-6246 FU National Science Centre [NN507 322440]; Polish National Science Centre [Dec- 2011/ 01/ B/ ST5/ 00773]; Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, through the UEFISCDI organism [279/ 7.10.2011, PN- II- ID- PCE- 2011- 3- 05053] FX G. P. thanks Polish National Science Centre for financial support under Grant NN507 322440. J. M. thanks Polish National Science Centre for financial support ( Dec- 2011/ 01/ B/ ST5/ 00773). I. R. and F. K. acknowledge the financial support of Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, through the UEFISCDI organism, under Contract Number 279/ 7.10.2011, Code Project PN- II- ID- PCE- 2011- 3- 05053. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9181-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8464 AR 846404 DI 10.1117/12.931230 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDG17 UT WOS:000313079800003 ER PT J AU Comitz, E Valacer, J Lindsay, D Scaduto, A Fogler, KA Dyche, J AF Comitz, E. Valacer, J. Lindsay, D. Scaduto, A. Fogler, K. A. Dyche, J. TI SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE: THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Comitz, E.; Valacer, J.; Fogler, K. A.; Dyche, J.] James Madison Univ, Dept Psychol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Scaduto, A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lindsay, D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0330 BP A115 EP A116 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996500332 ER PT J AU Fogler, KA Thoreson, K Glidewell, RN Orr, W Zumas, B Hall, K Whitehurst, L Dyche, J AF Fogler, K. A. Thoreson, K. Glidewell, R. N. Orr, W. Zumas, B. Hall, K. Whitehurst, L. Dyche, J. TI RECOVERY SLEEP IN A NATURALLY OCCURRING SLEEP DEPRIVED POPULATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Fogler, K. A.; Hall, K.; Whitehurst, L.; Dyche, J.] James Madison Univ, Dept Psychol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Glidewell, R. N.; Orr, W.] Lynn Inst Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Thoreson, K.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zumas, B.] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Sch Appl Psychol, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0338 BP A118 EP A118 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996500340 ER PT S AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Design of an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe for Broadband, Low-Footprint Nondestructive Characterization of PEC-Backed Materials SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria ID FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS; DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; PERMITTIVITY; MICROWAVE; FREQUENCIES; TISSUES AB The design of an open-ended coaxial probe for the nondestructive characterization of PEC-backed materials is presented. The design attempts to maximize the measurement bandwidth while limiting the size of the probe flange plate. These design criteria are met by analyzing the theoretical reflection coefficient's behavior versus frequency and the coaxial line's inner radius. Included in this paper are the theoretical derivation of the reflection coefficient, accomplished using Love's equivalence theorem, the parallel-plate Green's function, and the Method of Moments (MoM), and the results of the design analysis. Future work is also discussed. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 1599 EP 1602 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100298 ER PT S AU Alekseenko, A Josyula, E AF Alekseenko, A. Josyula, E. BE Mareschal, M Santos, A TI Deterministic Solution of the Boltzmann Equation Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Velocity Discretization SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Minist Econ & Competitividad, Govt Aragon, Dept Ind & Innovat, Aragoneese Agcy Res & Dev (ARAID), Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Sci Ctr Adv Modeling (ZCAM), Inst Biocomputat & Study Complex Syst (BiFi), Parallel Interface Direct Simulat Monte Carlo (PIDSMC) Software Inc DE Boltzmann collision operator; discontinuous Galerkin methods AB We propose an approach for high order discretization of the Boltzmann equation in the velocity space using discontinuous Galerkin methods. Our approach employs a reformulation of the collision integral in the form of a bilinear operator with a time-independent kernel. In the fully non-linear case the complexity of the method is O(n(8)) operations per spatial cell where n is the number of degrees of freedom in one velocity direction. The new method is suitable for parallelization to a large number of processors. Techniques of automatic perturbation decomposition and linearisation are developed to achieve additional performance improvement. The number of operations per spatial cell in the linearised regime is O(n(6)). The method is applied to the solution of the spatially homogeneous relaxation problem. Mass momentum and energy is conserved to a good precision in the computed solutions. C1 [Alekseenko, A.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Alekseenko, A.; Josyula, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alekseenko, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1115-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1501 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1063/1.4769523 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB01 UT WOS:000312411200035 ER PT S AU Burt, JM Josyula, E Blankson, IM AF Burt, Jonathan M. Josyula, Eswar Blankson, Isaiah M. BE Mareschal, M Santos, A TI DSMC-Based Uncertainty Quantification for a Hypersonic Shock Interaction Flow SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Minist Econ & Competitividad, Govt Aragon, Dept Ind & Innovat, Aragoneese Agcy Res & Dev (ARAID), Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Sci Ctr Adv Modeling (ZCAM), Inst Biocomputat & Study Complex Syst (BiFi), Parallel Interface Direct Simulat Monte Carlo (PIDSMC) Software Inc DE hypersonic flow; uncertainty quantification; sensitivity analysis; DSMC ID SIMULATIONS AB A global Monte Carlo approach for sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is integrated with a new DSMC code, and SA/UQ calculations are performed for a hypersonic double cone flow involving multiple shock-shock and shock-boundary layer interactions. Several input parameter uncertainties are considered, with different techniques utilized for inclusion of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Over 900 simulations, requiring more than100,000 CPU hours, are performed as part of this work, and dominant sources of uncertainty are identified for both local and global output quantities. Simulation results are compared with published computational data to ensure simulation accuracy under nominal flow conditions, and UQ results are employed to help explain discrepancies between DSMC results and experimental measurements. Aleatory uncertainty in inflow velocity is found to be the dominant contributor to the total force and surface pressure at the primary shock impingement point, while epistemic uncertainty in the wall vibrational thermal accommodation coefficient is the leading source of uncertainty in impingement point heat flux and the total convective heat transfer rate. paper. C1 [Burt, Jonathan M.; Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. [Blankson, Isaiah M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Burt, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1115-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1501 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1063/1.4769593 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB01 UT WOS:000312411200074 ER PT S AU Martin, RS Cambier, JL AF Martin, Robert Scott Cambier, Jean-Luc BE Mareschal, M Santos, A TI Low Noise Fractional NTC Collisions for DSMC SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Minist Econ & Competitividad, Govt Aragon, Dept Ind & Innovat, Aragoneese Agcy Res & Dev (ARAID), Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Sci Ctr Adv Modeling (ZCAM), Inst Biocomputat & Study Complex Syst (BiFi), Parallel Interface Direct Simulat Monte Carlo (PIDSMC) Software Inc DE Particle Collisions; DSMC; PIC; Adaptive Methods AB The ability to accurately simulate rare high energy collisions such as those found in ionization and combustion reactions is important to the advancement of the study of non-equilibrium behavior of these phenomena. A major difficulty for modeling these systems with particle codes is that chain-branching reactions result in exponential growth regimes for certain species. This work considers the use of fractional collision models in place of statistically sampled collision models combined with merging of computational particles to reduce statistical noise while avoiding runaway computational cost. C1 [Martin, Robert Scott; Cambier, Jean-Luc] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Martin, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1115-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1501 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1063/1.4769599 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB01 UT WOS:000312411200080 ER PT S AU Gimelshein, N Gimelshein, S Ketsdever, A Young, M AF Gimelshein, Natalia Gimelshein, Sergey Ketsdever, Andrew Young, Marcus BE Mareschal, M Santos, A TI Wind Compensation by Radiometer Arrays in High Altitude Propulsion SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Minist Econ & Competitividad, Govt Aragon, Dept Ind & Innovat, Aragoneese Agcy Res & Dev (ARAID), Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Sci Ctr Adv Modeling (ZCAM), Inst Biocomputat & Study Complex Syst (BiFi), Parallel Interface Direct Simulat Monte Carlo (PIDSMC) Software Inc DE Radiometers; kinetic methods; high altitude propulsion ID FORCES AB Numerical analysis has been conducted to assess the feasibility of using radiometer arrays mounted on a near-space vehicle, for wind disturbance compensation. The results indicate the possibility of using radiometric force for that purpose for altitudes of 80 km and smaller, and head winds up to 30 m/s. C1 [Gimelshein, Natalia; Gimelshein, Sergey] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Ketsdever, Andrew; Young, Marcus] Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gimelshein, N (reprint author), ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Advanced Concepts Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1115-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1501 BP 1522 EP 1528 DI 10.1063/1.4769719 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB01 UT WOS:000312411200200 ER PT J AU Samimi, A Scales, WA Bernhardt, PA Briczinski, SJ Selcher, CA McCarrick, MJ AF Samimi, A. Scales, W. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Briczinski, S. J. Selcher, C. A. McCarrick, M. J. TI On ion gyro-harmonic structuring in the stimulated electromagnetic emission spectrum during second electron gyro-harmonic heating SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Active experiments; Plasma waves and instabilities ID DOWNSHIFTED PEAK; UPPER HYBRID; IONOSPHERE; FREQUENCY; INSTABILITY; WAVES AB Recent observations show that, during ionospheric heating experiments at frequencies near the second electron gyro-harmonic, discrete spectral lines separated by harmonics of the ion-gyro frequency appear in the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectrum within 1 kHz of the pump frequency. In addition to the ion gyro-harmonic structures, on occasion, a broadband downshifted emission is observed simultaneously with these spectral lines. Parametric decay of the pump field into upper hybrid/electron Bernstein (UH/EB) and low-frequency ion Bernstein (IB) and oblique ion acoustic (IA) modes is considered responsible for generation of these spectral features. Guided by predictions of an analytical model, a two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) computational model is employed to study the nonlinear processes during such heating experiments. The critical parameters that affect the spectrum, such as whether discrete gyroharmonic on broadband structures is observed, include angle of the pump field relative to the background magnetic field, pump field strength, and proximity of the pump frequency to the gyro-harmonic. Significant electron heating along the magnetic field is observed in the parameter regimes considered. C1 [Samimi, A.; Scales, W. A.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Briczinski, S. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Selcher, C. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland, NM 87417 USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK USA. RP Samimi, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM arsamimi@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation; NRL 6.1 base program; NRC postdoc program FX The work at Virginia Tech is supported by the National Science Foundation. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the NRL 6.1 base program. S. J. Briczinski is sponsored by the NRC postdoc program. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-1587-2012 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WT UT WOS:000312666300003 ER PT J AU Balasis, G Daglis, IA Zesta, E Papadimitriou, C Georgiou, M Haagmans, R Tsinganos, K AF Balasis, G. Daglis, I. A. Zesta, E. Papadimitriou, C. Georgiou, M. Haagmans, R. Tsinganos, K. TI ULF wave activity during the 2003 Halloween superstorm: multipoint observations from CHAMP, Cluster and Geotail missions SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Plasma waves and instabilities; Storms and substorms ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC STORMS; RADIATION BELTS; RECOVERY PHASE; RING CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERE; PULSATIONS; FIELD; SATELLITE AB We examine data from a topside ionosphere and two magnetospheric missions (CHAMP, Cluster and Geotail) for signatures of ultra low frequency (ULF) waves during the exceptional 2003 Halloween geospace magnetic storm, when Dst reached similar to -380 nT. We use a suite of wavelet-based algorithms, which are a subset of a tool that is being developed for the analysis of multi-instrument multi-satellite and ground-based observations to identify ULF waves and investigate their properties. Starting from the region of topside ionosphere, we first present three clear and strong signatures of Pc3 ULF wave activity (frequency 15-100 mHz) in CHAMP tracks. We then expand these three time intervals for purposes of comparison between CHAMP, Cluster and Geotail Pc3 observations but also to be able to search for Pc4-5 wave signatures (frequency 1-10 mHz) into Cluster and Geotail measurements in order to have a more complete picture of the ULF wave occurrence during the storm. Due to the fast motion through field lines in a low Earth orbit (LEO) we are able to reliably detect Pc3 (but not Pc4-5) waves from CHAMP. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that ULF wave observations from a topside ionosphere mission are compared to ULF wave observations from magnetospheric missions. Our study provides evidence for the occurrence of a number of prominent ULF wave events in the Pc3 and Pc4-5 bands during the storm and offers a platform to study the wave evolution from high altitudes to LEO. The ULF wave analysis methods presented here can be applied to observations from the upcoming Swarm multi-satellite mission of ESA, which is anticipated to enable joint studies with the Cluster mission. C1 [Balasis, G.; Daglis, I. A.; Papadimitriou, C.; Georgiou, M.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. [Zesta, E.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Papadimitriou, C.; Georgiou, M.; Tsinganos, K.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. [Haagmans, R.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Balasis, G (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. EM gbalasis@noa.gr RI Balasis, Georgios/G-8680-2012; Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Papadimitriou, Constantinos/M-4061-2013 OI Balasis, Georgios/0000-0001-7342-0557; Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; FU European Space Agency [ESTEC 4000103770/11/NL/JA/ef]; European Community [284520] FX This work has received funding from the European Space Agency under contract ESTEC 4000103770/11/NL/JA/ef and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 284520. We gratefully acknowledge ESA's Cluster Active Archive, DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA in Japan, and Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ, German Research Centre for Geosciences, for supplying data used in this study. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1751 EP 1768 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-1751-2012 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WV UT WOS:000312666500013 ER PT S AU Bostick, RL Perram, GP AF Bostick, Randall L. Perram, Glen P. BE Kamerman, GW Steinvall, O Lewis, KL Hollins, RC Merlet, TJ Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG Bishop, GJ Gonglewski, J TI Chromotomosynthesis for high speed hyperspectral imagery SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING, PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications VI CY SEP 24-26, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Hyperspectral imager; chromotomosynthesis; direct vision prism; battlespace combustion events AB A rotating direct vision prism, chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) system operating in the visible creates hyperspectral imagery by collecting a set of 2D images with each spectrally projected at a different rotation angle of the prism. Mathematical reconstruction techniques that have been well tested in the field of medical physics are used to reconstruct the data to produce the 3D hyperspectral image. The instrument operates with a 100 mm focusing lens in the spectral range of 400-900 nm with a field of view of 71.6 mrad and angular resolution of 0.8-1.6 mu rad. The spectral resolution is 0.6 nm at the shortest wavelengths, degrading to over 10 nm at the longest wavelengths. Measurements using a point-like target show that performance is limited by chromatic aberration. The accuracy and utility of the instrument is assessed by comparing the CTI results to spatial data collected by a wideband image and hyperspectral data collected using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). The wide-band spatial content of the scene reconstructed from the CTI data is of same or better quality as a single frame collected by the undispersed imaging system with projections taken at every 1 degrees. Performance is dependent on the number of projections used, with projections at 5 degrees producing adequate results in terms of target characterization. The data collected by the CTI system can provide spatial information of equal quality as a comparable imaging system, provide high-frame rate slitless 1-D spectra, and generate 3-D hyperspectral imagery which can be exploited to provide the same results as a traditional multi-band spectral imaging system. While this prototype does not operate at high speeds, components exist which will allow for CTI systems to generate hyperspectral video imagery at rates greater than 100 Hz. The instrument has considerable potential for characterizing bomb detonations, muzzle flashes, and other battlefield combustion events. C1 [Bostick, Randall L.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bostick, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9283-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8542 AR 85422E DI 10.1117/12.972283 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDA59 UT WOS:000312346500063 ER PT S AU Gruneisen, MT Black, JP Dymale, RC Stoltenberg, KE AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Black, James P. Dymale, Raymond C. Stoltenberg, Kurt E. BE Kamerman, GW Steinvall, O Lewis, KL Hollins, RC Merlet, TJ Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG Bishop, GJ Gonglewski, J TI Projective quantum measurements on spatial modes of the photon with transmission volume holograms SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING, PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications VI CY SEP 24-26, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE quantum key distribution; optical vortices; photon linear momentum; photon orbital angular momentum; computer-generated holography; volume holography; spatial light modulators; projective quantum measurements AB Transmission volume holograms are evaluated as quantum projectors operating on spatial modes of the photon in mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). With applications to free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) in mind, state spaces based on rectilinear and azimuthal phase modes (i.e. photon linear and orbital angular momenta) are considered. Rectilinear phase modulation is shown to result in both greater mode densities for a receiving aperture in the far field and better efficiency and cross-talk characteristics when volume holograms are used as de-multiplexing elements. Two- and four-dimensional state spaces are defined via rectilinear phase modes and the complex optical fields of the MUBs are calculated and generated with a spatial light modulator in order to record and subsequently illuminate transmission volume holograms. Using holograms prepared in lithium niobate, diffraction efficiencies are measured for the 36 permutations associated with projecting the six MUB states of a two-dimensional state space onto the same six MUB states. Quantum measurements associated with cascaded projection operations in a four-dimensional state space are performed using photo-thermo-refractive glass holograms. Experimental results show approximate agreement with the inner-product relationships that describe quantum projection probabilities. C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Black, James P.; Dymale, Raymond C.; Stoltenberg, Kurt E.] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research. FX We gratefully acknowledge Vladimir Markov for providing us the lithium niobate sample used in this work and instruction in its use. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9283-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8542 AR 85421Q DI 10.1117/12.979681 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDA59 UT WOS:000312346500048 ER PT S AU Varshney, V Roy, AK Lee, J Dudis, DS Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Lee, Jonghoon Dudis, Douglas S. Farmer, Barry L. BE Pipe, KP TI Helicity Induced Thermal Conductivity Reduction in Superlattice Nanowires SO PHONONS 2012: XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHONON SCATTERING IN CONDENSED MATTER SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Campus Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI SP Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Univ Michigan, Coll Literature, Sci, & Arts, Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Univ Michigan, Off Vice President Res, IMRA Amer, Inc HO Campus Univ Michigan DE Helix; Thermoelectrics; Molecular Dynamics; Thermal Conductivity; Silicon Nanowires ID ENHANCED THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE; SILICON NANOWIRES; NANOSPRINGS; TEMPLATES; NANOBELTS; NANORODS; COILING; SYSTEMS; POWER AB In this study, we have performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to investigate thermal transport properties of 'model' bi-component helical nanowires. The results indicate that significant reduction in thermal conductivity, similar to that of flat superlattice nanostructures, can be achieved using a helical geometric configuration. The reduction is attributed to a plethora of transmissive and reflective phonon scattering events resulting from the steady alteration of phonon propagating direction that emerges from the continuous rotation of the helical interface. We also show that increasing the relative mass ratio of the two components lowers the phonon energy transmission at the interface (differences in vibrational frequency spectrum), thereby relatively 'easing' the phonon energy propagation along the helical pathway. While the proposed mechanisms result in a reduced lattice thermal conductivity, the continuous nature of the bi-component nanowire would not be expected to significantly reduce its electrical counterpart, as often occurs in superlattice/alloy nanostructures. Hence, we believe that the helical configuration of atomic arrangement should be a very attractive, general approach for improved thermoelectric material assemblies independent of the specific chemical composition. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Lee, Jonghoon; Dudis, Douglas S.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1506 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.4772520 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDC10 UT WOS:000312543600005 ER PT S AU Cao, YC Ren, W AF Cao, Yongcan Ren, Wei GP IEEE TI Finite-time Consensus for Second-order Systems with Unknown Inherent Nonlinear Dynamics Under an Undirected Switching Graph SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; AGENTS AB This paper studies finite-time consensus for networked multi-agent systems with second-order dynamics in the presence of unknown inherent nonlinear dynamics under an undirected switching interaction graph. In particular, all agents are assumed to share a common sensing range. More precisely, each agent can only communicate with other agents who are within the sensing range of itself. We propose a nonlinear distributed consensus algorithm and present sufficient conditions to guarantee that consensus can be achieved in finite time. C1 [Cao, Yongcan] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ren, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 95521 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 FU National Science Foundation CAREER Award [ECCS0748287] FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award (ECCS0748287). NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776200005 ER PT S AU Weiss, A Kolmanovsky, I Baldwin, M Erwin, RS AF Weiss, Avishai Kolmanovsky, Ilya Baldwin, Morgan Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Model Predictive Control of Three Dimensional Spacecraft Relative Motion SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell AB This paper further develops an approach for spacecraft relative motion control based on the application of linear quadratic Model Predictive Control (MPC) with dynamically reconfigurable constraints. Previous results for maneuvers confined to the orbital plane are extended to three dimensional maneuvers with three dimensional Line-of-Sight (LoS) constraint handling. The MPC controller is designed to prescribe Delta upsilon impulsive velocity changes rather than piecewise constant thrust profiles. The ability to transition between MPC guidance in the spacecraft rendezvous phase and MPC guidance in the spacecraft docking phase, with requirements, constraints, and sampling rates specific to each phase, is demonstrated. Bandwidth constraints of the spacecraft attitude control system and exhaust plume direction constraints are also addressed. The MPC controller is validated on the full nonlinear model of spacecraft orbital motion and augmented with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate spacecraft states based on relative angles and relative range measurements. C1 [Weiss, Avishai; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Baldwin, Morgan; Erwin, R. Scott] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Weiss, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM weiss.avishai@gmail.com; ilya@umich.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil FU ASEE through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program (SFFP) FX This work was supported by ASEE through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program (SFFP). NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776200029 ER PT S AU Basset, G Xu, YJ Pham, K AF Basset, Gareth Xu, Yunjun Khanh Pham GP IEEE TI Feasibility and Detection of a Bio-Inspired Approach for Space Situational Awareness SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell DE Space situation awareness; Rendezvous; Bio-inspired strategy ID MOTION CAMOUFLAGE AB In nature, many biological species have devised motion strategies that help them with a variety of tasks, such as mating and foraging. One such phenomenon that has been recently studied in hoverflies involves a moving male hoverfly that conceals its motion from the viewpoint of a moving female hoverfly. The use of this bio-inspired strategy has also recently been considered in the context of Space Situational Awareness. In this paper, the feasibilities of applying the bio-inspired technique to free flying space vehicles are investigated. Furthermore, the detectability of the motion strategy is studied. Both the feasibilities and the detectability are investigated in the local vertical and local horizontal frame. C1 [Basset, Gareth; Xu, Yunjun] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Dept Aerosp Engn, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Basset, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM gbasset@knights.ucf.edu; yunjunxu@mail.ucf.edu; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholar Program FX The author would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory for supporting this research through the Space Scholar Program. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 956 EP 960 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776201039 ER PT S AU Cao, YC Ren, W AF Cao, Yongcan Ren, Wei GP IEEE TI Finite-time Consensus for Single-integrator Kinematics with Unknown Inherent Nonlinear Dynamics Under a Directed Interaction Graph SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; AUTONOMOUS AGENTS; NETWORKS; SYNCHRONIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB This paper deals with the finite-time consensus for single-integrator kinematics with unknown inherent nonlinear dynamics under a directed interaction graph. A distributed nonlinear algorithm is proposed to solve the problem given that some sufficient conditions are satisfied. Due to the existence of the unknown inherent nonlinear dynamics and the desired finite-time convergence property, the stability analysis is challenging because the traditional stability tools frequently used in solving the consensus problem cannot be applied here. For this purpose, we propose a novel comparison based stability tool, which plays an important role in the stability analysis of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Cao, Yongcan] USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 1603 EP 1608 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776201143 ER PT S AU Luo, J Cooper, J Cao, CY Pham, K AF Luo, Jie Cooper, John Cao, Chengyu Khanh Pham GP IEEE TI Cooperative Adaptive Control of a Two-Agent System SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; CONSENSUS; FLOCKING; NETWORKS; AGENTS; LEADER AB In this paper, a new cooperative control framework using L-1 adaptive control is presented for a two-agent dynamic system with uncertainties. In this framework, each agent uses the L-1 adaptive control law to handle both local uncertainties and interconnected uncertainties from the effects of the other agent's control signals and dynamics. The global objective is achieved when each agent achieves its local objective. The stability condition for the closed-loop global dynamic system is derived. Simulation results illustrate the presented cooperative control framework. C1 [Luo, Jie; Cooper, John; Cao, Chengyu] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jie.luo@uconn.edu; john.cooper@uconn.edu; ccao@engr.uconn.edu; AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate FX This research was partially supported by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 2413 EP 2418 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776202115 ER PT S AU Phillips, S Sanfelice, RG Erwin, RS AF Phillips, Sean Sanfelice, Ricardo G. Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI On the Synchronization of Two Impulsive Oscillators under Communication Constraints SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID SYSTEMS AB The problem of establishing synchronization of a class of impulsive oscillators is considered. Each impulsive oscillator is modeled as a hybrid system that self resets to zero when its state reaches a threshold and is externally reset via an impulsive update law when information from other oscillators is received. At every reset to zero, the oscillators broadcast a packet and select a different communication channel. The mechanism resembles that of a firefly model in which the external resets correspond to flashes of the fireflies. Oscillators can only receive information when they are on the same channel that a packet was broadcast. This mechanism leads to the possibility of information loss. Under such a communication constraint, we show that the coupled impulsive oscillators (almost globally) synchronize their channel selections. To establish this result, we model the interconnection of oscillators as a hybrid system and apply recently developed Lyapunov stability tools. Numerical simulations are included to illustrate the results. C1 [Phillips, Sean; Sanfelice, Ricardo G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Phillips, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sap86@email.arizona.edu; sricardo@u.arizona.edu RI Sanfelice, Ricardo/K-3062-2014; OI Phillips, Sean/0000-0001-9074-6049 FU U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; American Society for Engineering Education; National Science Foundation under CAREER [ECS-1150306] FX Research partially supported by the U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, American Society for Engineering Education, and the National Science Foundation under CAREER Grant no. ECS-1150306. The authors are indebted to Clayton Chu who helped implementing in the test bed the two agents/two channels hybrid system, to Tom Cleary for the initial research that led to this paper, and to David Copp for his help developing the hybrid simulator used for numerical analysis. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 2443 EP 2448 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776202120 ER PT S AU Sharma, R Beard, RW Taylor, CN Pack, D AF Sharma, Rajnikant Beard, Randal W. Taylor, Clark N. Pack, Daniel GP IEEE TI Bearing-only Cooperative Geo-Localization using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell AB In this paper, we present a cooperative approach to geo-localize a ground target using bearing-only localization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). We design a distributed path planning algorithm using receding horizon control, which improves the localization accuracy of the target and of all of the air vehicles simultaneously while satisfying the observability conditions. We show that the cooperative bearing-only localization removes the constraint of having global position and heading information to all of the vehicles, as long as the sensor network is connected and at least one of the vehicle has GPS measurements. We include simulation results for bearing-only cooperative target geo-localization of a stationary and a mobile ground target demonstrating the feasibility of our proposed methods C1 [Sharma, Rajnikant; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM raj.drdo@gmail.com; beard@ee.byu.edu; Clark.Taylor@wpafb.af.mil; Daniel.Pack@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 3883 EP 3888 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776204030 ER PT S AU Sunberg, Z Chakravorty, S Erwin, R AF Sunberg, Z. Chakravorty, S. Erwin, R. GP IEEE TI Information Space Receding Horizon Control for Multi-Agent Systems SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing Co, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell AB In this paper, we present a receding horizon solution to the problem of optimal scheduling for multiple sensors monitoring a group of dynamical targets. The term 'target' is used here in the classic sense of being the object that is being sensed or observed by the sensors. This problem is motivated by the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) problem. The multi-sensor optimal scheduling problem can be posed as a multi-agent Partially Observed Markov Decision Process (POMDP) whose solution is given by an Information Space (I-space) Dynamic Programming (DP) problem. We present a simulation based stochastic optimization technique that exploits the structure inherent in the problem to obtain variance reduction along with a distributed solution. This stochastic optimization technique is combined with a receding horizon approach which obviates the need to solve the computationally intractable multi-agent I-space DP problem and hence, makes the technique computationally tractable for such problems. The technique is tested on a simple numerical example which is nonetheless computationally intractable for existing solution techniques. C1 [Sunberg, Z.; Chakravorty, S.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erwin, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directortate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sunberg, Z (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sunbergzach@gmail.com; schakrav@aero.tamu.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4; 978-1-4577-1095-7 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 5246 EP 5251 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776205091 ER PT S AU Kim, MJ Hyde, MW AF Kim, Mu J. Hyde, Milo W. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Adaptive binary material classification of an unknown object using polarimetric images degraded by atmospheric turbulence SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VII CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE deconvolution; polarimetric imagery; material classification; passive remote sensing; atmospheric turbulence; degree of polarization AB An improved binary material-classification algorithm using passive polarimetric imagery degraded by atmospheric turbulence is presented. The technique implements a modified version of an existing polarimetric blind-deconvolution algorithm in order to remove atmospheric distortion and correctly classify the unknown object. The classification decision, dielectric or metal in this case, is based on degree of linear polarization (DoLP) estimates provided by the blind-deconvolution algorithm augmented by two DoLP priors - one statistically modeling the polarization behavior of metals and the other statistically modeling the polarization behavior of dielectrics. The DoLP estimate which maximizes the log-likelihood function determines the image pixel's classification. The method presented here significantly improves upon a similar published polarimetric classification method by adaptively updating the DoLP priors as more information becomes available about the scene. This new adaptive method significantly extends the range of validity of the existing polarimetric classification technique to near-normal collection geometries where most polarimetric material classifiers perform poorly. In this paper, brief reviews of the polarimetric blind-deconvolution algorithm and the functional forms of the DoLP priors are provided. Also provided is the methodology for making the algorithm adaptive including three techniques for updating the DoLP priors using in-progress DoLP estimates. Lastly, the proposed technique is experimentally validated by comparing classification results of two dielectric and metallic samples obtained using the new method to those obtained using the existing technique. C1 [Kim, Mu J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mu.kim@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9217-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8500 AR 85000G DI 10.1117/12.929691 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCZ41 UT WOS:000312165100016 ER PT S AU Moeller, TM Smith, LM Collins, FG Labello, JM Rogers, JP Lowry, HS Crider, DH AF Moeller, Trevor M. Smith, L. Montgomery Collins, Frank G. Labello, Jesse M. Rogers, James P. Lowry, Heard S. Crider, Dustin H. BE Straka, SA Carosso, N Egges, J TI Measurement of the accumulation of water ice on optical components in cryogenic vacuum environments SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control CY AUG 13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cryogenic; contamination; thin film; interference AB An experiment was performed to study and measure the deposition of water (H2O) ice on optical component surfaces under high-vacuum cryogenic conditions. Water was introduced into a cryogenic vacuum chamber via a hydrated molecular sieve zeolite housed in a valved external chamber, through an effusion cell, and impinged upon a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) and first-surface gold-plated mirror. A laser and photodiode setup external to the vacuum chamber monitored the multiple-beam interference reflectance of the ice-mirror configuration while the QCM measured the mass deposition. Data acquired and analyzed from this experiment indicate that water ice under these conditions accumulates on optical component surfaces as a thin film up to thicknesses over 45 microns and can be detected and measured by nonintrusive optical methods based upon multiple-beam interference phenomena. The QCM, a well-established measurement technique, was used to validate the interferometer. C1 [Moeller, Trevor M.; Smith, L. Montgomery; Collins, Frank G.; Labello, Jesse M.; Rogers, James P.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Lowry, Heard S.; Crider, Dustin H.] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Moeller, TM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM tmoeller@utsi.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9209-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8492 AR 849207 DI 10.1117/12.929089 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ56 UT WOS:000312206600005 ER PT S AU Benson, MR Marciniak, MA Burks, JW AF Benson, Michael R. Marciniak, Michael A. Burks, Jeffrey W. BE Hanssen, LM TI Measuring grazing-angle DHR with the Infrared Grazing Angle Reflectometer SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Directional Hemispherical Reflectance; Infrared; Grazing Angle; reflectometer AB The Infrared Grazing Angle Reflectometer allows measurement of Directional Hemispherical Reflectance (DHR) at very high angles of incidence (30 to 85 degrees) and at wavelengths ranging from 4.3 to 10.8 microns. A hemi-ellipsoidal mirror redirects the reflected light and reflects it on to a novel five-sided pyroelectric detector. The incident light intensity is measured and used in calculating the DHR of the sample. In this paper, the theory of operation of this detector is derived, and used to simulate the operation of the system. This simulation of the detector shows errors of 3% or less for both diffuse and specular samples, compared to the theoretical DHR. The calibration method defined in this paper allows for high accuracy and ease of use without knowing the specific attributes of the optics used in the system. Finally, collected DHR data is compared with the simulated data for comparison. Comparing the measured data to the simulation shows that the model correctly predicts the locations and trends of the scattered energy. C1 [Benson, Michael R.; Marciniak, Michael A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burks, Jeffrey W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benson, MR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950R DI 10.1117/12.931512 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500021 ER PT S AU Ferrel, SS Marciniak, MA AF Ferrel, Simon S. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Matrix determination of hidden object reflectance by indirect photography SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Indirect Photography; BRDF; Matrix Inversion AB Indirect photography was recently demonstrated as a technique for imaging hidden objects. A camera and laser are collocated, neither with line-of-sight to the object. Laser light is reflected off a visible surface onto the hidden object, then reflected back to the visible surface and collected by the camera. Varying laser spot position yields different camera images, which are used to construct an "indirect" image of the object. Here, camera images are processed by modeling the system as a set of radiometric transport and reflectance matrices. Matrix formulation and inversion, and those parameters demonstrated to improve indirect image quality, are discussed. C1 [Ferrel, Simon S.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferrel, SS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950Q DI 10.1117/12.929095 PG 14 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500020 ER PT S AU Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA AF Nauyoks, Stephen E. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Effects of a measurement floor on Mueller matrix measurements in a DRR BSDF system SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DDR; BRDF; polarimetric; scatterometery; noise floor AB Since the bidirectional scatter distribution function (BSDF) is proportional to the intensity of the scattered light, a BSDF system with the addition of a dual rotating retarder system can be used to calculate the Mueller matrix of a scatterer. An advantage of a BSDF system is the large dynamic range which allows the measurement of scattered light both near to and far from the specular region. In some cases as measurements move away from the specular and into the scatter region, the measured signal decreases and the system reaches a measurement floor. Therefore, any BSDF and Mueller matrix measurements are dependent on the scatter from the sample and on the noise floor of the system. Since the noise floor of an electro-optical system is near constant, the Mueller matrix measurement of the noise floor will be that of a perfect depolarizer. As the measurement space moves away from the high-signal region, the scattered signal decreases and the floor of the system is approached so the Mueller matrix measurements can shift towards a perfect depolarizer. The rate and location of this shift will be dependent on how Lambertian the sample is and the ratio of signal to noise in the system. Because of this tendency, caution must be taken when drawing conclusions about the Mueller matrix of scattered light, particularly in the scatter measurement region where the measured signal approaches the system floor. C1 [Nauyoks, Stephen E.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nauyoks, SE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950W DI 10.1117/12.929915 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500024 ER PT S AU Schafer, JM Marciniak, MA AF Schafer, Jessica M. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Hanssen, LM TI The Focusing of Light Scattered from Diffuse Reflectors using Phase Modulation SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Phase modulation; indirect photography; inverse diffusion; BRDF; scattering; liquid crystal spatial light modulator; beam steering; enhancement AB "Indirect photography" was recently demonstrated for imaging hidden scene information through the collection and radiometric modeling of light reflecting off of visible reflecting surfaces. The ability to focus the beam that reflects off the visible surface to a tight spot on the hidden object is theorized to simulate a direct line of sight from the light source to the object, reducing the radiometric model to that of the previously demonstrated "dual photography." Experiments involving the focusing of light transmitted through highly scattering media have been adapted to the case of reflection. The focusing of a HeNe laser reflected off diffusely scattering surfaces to a tight spot is demonstrated using phase control. A liquid crystal spatial light modulator assigns pixelated phase delay to the beam to conjugate the scattering properties of the reflector. Intensity enhancement values between 13.8 and 122.3 are achieved for the surfaces studied. Samples with relatively strong specular reflection achieve higher enhancement for a given geometry. More diffusely reflecting materials achieve higher enhancement in regions of nonspecular scatter, facilitating non-mechanical beam steering. C1 [Schafer, Jessica M.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schafer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950O DI 10.1117/12.929714 PG 17 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500018 ER PT S AU Cain, SC AF Cain, Stephen C. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Multi-frame fusion of undersampled 3D imagery SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LADAR; Microscanning; Resolution Enhancement AB 3D imaging LADAR Avalanche Photo-Diode (APD) arrays are emerging as an important technology for future generation remote sensing and reconnaissance systems. One important limiting factor in their development is the pixel pitch, which is typically 100 micrometers. This makes the spatial resolution of an APD array at least 10 times lower than their Charge Coupled Device (CCD) array counterparts. With the development of smaller pixel-pitch APD arrays in 3D applications that rival those of CCD's used in 2D imaging many years away, this research endeavors to fuse 3D images with poor spatial resolution with 2D images to obtain superior spatial and range resolution. Microscanning or dithering is a technique used to combine multiple images of the same scene to obtain a more densely sampled version. This techniques has been applied successfully to both 2D and 3D imagery. In this paper, a standard microscanning approach is compared to a new technique involving the use of a properly sampled 2D image combined with multiple low-resolution 3D images in order to obtain a more densely sample 3D image. The comparison will report the mean squared range error obtained from the traditional microscanning approach and the new 2D/3D fusion approach as a function of the number of 3D frames used in the image reconstruction. Since the 2D image contains no range information, improvements in mean squared range error by the new algorithm demonstrate its ability to successfully fuse 2D add 3D information. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200F DI 10.1117/12.930524 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000009 ER PT S AU Dayton, D Nolasco, R Myers, M Sena, JP Oliver, J Even, D Hill, B AF Dayton, David Nolasco, Rudolph Myers, Michael Sena, John-Paul Oliver, Jeremy Even, Detlev Hill, Brian BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Hyper-spectral measurements using a compact SWIR camera SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Recent advances in InGaAs camera technology has stimulated interest in the short wave infra-red (SWIR) band in the spectral region 0.84 - 1.7 mu m. Located between the visible and thermal infra-red, the SWIR band shows interesting properties of both. Images tends to have the look of the visible and are less affected by scattering from aerosol haze, however the solar irradiance is dropping rapidly with wavelength in the SWIR. Spectral signatures, particularly of paints and dyes, may be different in the SWIR band compared to the visible. For these reasons we have chosen to investigate hyper-spectral measurements in this band using the NovaSol mu HSI SWIR hyper-spectral imager system C1 [Dayton, David; Nolasco, Rudolph] Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Myers, Michael; Sena, John-Paul; Oliver, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Even, Detlev; Hill, Brian] NovaSol, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200R DI 10.1117/12.928620 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000020 ER PT S AU Dayton, D Allen, J Nolasco, R Fertig, G Myers, M AF Dayton, David Allen, Jeffrey Nolasco, Rudolph Fertig, Gregory Myers, Michael BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Comparison of Fast Correlation Algorithms for Target Tracking SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fitts Algorithm; Fast Cross-Correlation; Phase Only Matched Filter; LADAR AB Laser Aided Detection and Ranging (LADAR) imaging systems can be used to provide high resolution imaging and tracking of moving targets at night. Central to the tracking system is a high speed correlation algorithm to determine target motion between sensor image frames. Several issues complicate the correlation calculations. These include coherent speckle noise and atmosphere induced scintillation of the illuminator beam. The Fitts correlation algorithm is commonly used because of its simplicity and speed. However it is only optimal when the shift between sensor frames is less than a pixel. In addition it can be sensitive to certain types of noise. Projection based phase only (PBPO) is another type of correlation algorithm that is also high speed and in many cases less sensitive to noise. In this paper we compare the Fitts algorithm with PBPO in terms of number of computations and noise immunity when used in a LADAR tracker. C1 [Dayton, David; Allen, Jeffrey; Nolasco, Rudolph] Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Fertig, Gregory; Myers, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200G DI 10.1117/12.928548 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000010 ER PT S AU Dayton, DC Nolasco, R Sena, JP Myers, M Fertig, G Oliver, J AF Dayton, David C. Nolasco, Rudolph Sena, John-Paul Myers, Michael Fertig, Gregory Oliver, Jeremy BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Maximum a-posteriori LADAR Image estimation in the presence of scintillation and speckle noise SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Blind Deconvolution; Maximum A-Posteriori Estimation; LADAR ID BLIND DECONVOLUTION; ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES AB Laser aided detection and ranging (LADAR) imaging systems are usually corrupted by several pathologic noises. Speckle noise is due to the coherent nature of the laser illuminator. Scintillation noise is introduced by atmospheric turbulence over the outgoing illumination path and manifests itself as a multiplicative noise in the imagery. These noises can be mitigated by a simple recursive averaging algorithm when looking at fixed targets in staring mode. However if the target under observation is moving with respect to the imaging platform, the averaging will cause the target image to smear. In such a case, a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) approach can be used to estimate localized statistics of the scene under observation as well as the scintillation. The parameter estimates can then be incorporated into a spatially and temporally adaptive averaging approach which mitigates the noise while at the same time preserving motion in the scene. C1 [Dayton, David C.] Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Nolasco, Rudolph; Sena, John-Paul; Myers, Michael; Fertig, Gregory; Oliver, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dayton, DC (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200E DI 10.1117/12.928581 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000008 ER PT S AU Farrell, TC Sanchez, D Smith, J Holzman, J Kelly, P Brennan, T Gallegos, A Oesch, D Kyrazis, D AF Farrell, Thomas C. Sanchez, Darryl Smith, Julie Holzman, Jason Kelly, Patrick Brennan, Terry Gallegos, Anita Oesch, Denis Kyrazis, Demos BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Understanding the physics of optical deep turbulence at the Earth's boundary layer SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Adaptive optics; atmospheric propagation; deep turbulence; micro-meteorology; boundary layer modeling; surface layer modeling ID SONIC ANEMOMETER; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SURFACE FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; HEAT; SPECTRUM AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is developing and extending a model of the boundary layer that takes, as input, common atmospheric measurements and ground condition parameters, and predicts key parameters of optical turbulence such as strength and inner scale. In order to anchor the model, a field campaign is also being conducted. The campaign will include co-located meteorological instruments and an open loop Hartmann wavefront sensor. Here, a portion of the boundary layer model is discussed: that relevant for the daytime surface layer. A sensitivity analysis of input parameters is presented. C1 [Farrell, Thomas C.; Sanchez, Darryl; Smith, Julie; Holzman, Jason; Kelly, Patrick] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Farrell, TC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM AFRL/RDSWorkflowOrgMailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We would like to express our gratitude to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200H DI 10.1117/12.931432 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000011 ER PT S AU Neff, BJ Cain, SC AF Neff, Brian J. Cain, Stephen C. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Image restoration technique for motion-compensated frame averaged data collected by 3D FLASH LADAR imaging system SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Gaussian mixture model; expectation maximization (EM); blind deconvolution; LADAR; range estimation ID BLIND DECONVOLUTION AB A new image restoration algorithm is proposed to remove the effect of atmospheric turbulence on motion-compensated frame averaged data collected by a three dimensional FLASH Laser Radar (LADAR) imaging system. The algorithm simultaneously arrives at an enhanced image as well as Fried's seeing parameter through an Expectation Maximization (EM) technique. Unlike blind deconvolution algorithms that operate only on two dimensional images, this technique accounts for both the spatial and temporal mixing that is caused by the atmosphere through which the system is imaging. Additionally, due to the over-determined nature of this problem, the point-spread function parameterized by Fried's seeing parameter can be deduced without the requirement for additional assumptions or constraints. The utility of the approach lies in its application to laser illuminated imaging where processing time is important. C1 [Neff, Brian J.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Neff, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200L DI 10.1117/12.928081 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000015 ER PT S AU Pellizzari, C Holmes, R Knox, K AF Pellizzari, Casey Holmes, Richard Knox, Keith BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Intensity interferometry experiments and simulations SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Intensity Interferometry; Hanbury Brown Twiss; high-resolution imaging; synthetic aperture imaging ID TRIPLE CORRELATOR; TELESCOPE ARRAYS; PHASE; LIGHT AB Intensity Interferometry is a form of imaging developed in the 1950's by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, which gave very early results for estimates of the diameters of stellar discs. It relies on the statistical properties of light to form an image by correlating the electronic signals measured independently and simultaneously at two or more separate collection telescopes. Its benefits are that it can provide very high resolution, can be very low in cost, does not require precision path matching, and is insensitive to atmospheric effects. Its disadvantages are that it has relatively poor SNR properties for larger telescope separations. An experiment is performed with three telescopes in Kihei, HI to investigate the potential for large-separation, high-resolution, multi-telescope operation. Simulations were performed to address key issues related to the experiment. Correlations were measured during lab checkouts, and also for early field testing. A compression scheme was developed to archive the raw data. The compression process had the added advantage of eliminating spurious electronic interference signals. C1 [Pellizzari, Casey; Knox, Keith] USAF, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Holmes, Richard] Boeing Inc, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Pellizzari, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. FU DARPA sponsor; MSSC technical team FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DARPA sponsor, Dr. Travis Blake. The authors are especially thankful for technical insights provided by Dr. David Hyland. We would also like to thank the following for their support; Dr. Jim Riker, Ms. Laura Ulibarri, and Dr. Stacie Williams, and Dr. Skip Williams. Thanks to Mr. Paul Kervin for the use of 3 36- cm telescopes, and to Dr. Victor Gamiz for technical consultation. The authors are also grateful for the support of the MSSC technical team, especially including Dr. Edwin Walker, Joseph Toth, Paul Weis, Shawn Haar, Christopher Shurilla, Jacob Lucas, and Robert Lytle of Boeing, and Daron Nishimoto, Kawai, Kuluhiwa, Laurie Hozaki, Chad Nagata, Dylan Schwarzmeier, and Amanda Yamamoto of Pacific Defense Solutions. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200J DI 10.1117/12.930537 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000013 ER PT S AU Spencer, MF Hyde, MW AF Spencer, Mark F. Hyde, Milo W. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI An investigation of stair mode in optical phased arrays using tiled apertures SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE stair mode; array tilt; optical phased arrays; unobservable modes; fiber lasers; adaptive optics ID COHERENT BEAM COMBINATION; FIBER COLLIMATORS; ADAPTIVE ARRAY; PROPAGATION; PROJECTION AB With an optical phased array, the individual phases of a multi-fiber laser source can be manipulated by exploiting high-bandwidth phase loops to correct for aero-optical flow over the turret and free-stream atmospheric effects along the line of sight; however, rough surface scatter through laser-target interaction adds the additional constraints of speckle and depolarizing effects. In particular, speckle phenomena can cause unobservable modes to arise in the beam control system of optical phased arrays. One such unobservable mode is termed stair mode and is appropriately identified by a stair-step pattern of piston phase across the individual subapertures that comprise a tiled aperture. This paper investigates the effects of stair mode using wave-optics simulations. To represent different array fill factors in the source plane, both seven and 19 element hexagonal close-packed tiled apertures are used in the simulations along with both Gaussian and flat-top outgoing beamlets. Peak Strehl ratio and power in the bucket are calculated in the target plane for all simulation setups and are then averaged for multiple random realizations of stair mode step sizes. In addition, the stair mode target irradiance patterns are imaged with cameras which have decreasing aperture stop diameters. Initial results show that low resolution imaging conditions, i.e. an aperture stop on the order of a subaperture diameter, makes it difficult to distinguish between different realizations of stair mode using a separate camera sensor. C1 [Spencer, Mark F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spencer, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.spencer@afit.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 852006 DI 10.1117/12.942634 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000004 ER PT S AU Khalil, W Wilson, J Dupaix, B Balasubramanian, S Creech, GL AF Khalil, W. Wilson, J. Dupaix, B. Balasubramanian, S. Creech, G. L. GP IEEE TI Toward Millimeter-Wave DACs: Challenges and Opportunities SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE Digital to Analog Converters; DACs; High Speed DACs; DDS; Frequency Synthesis; Interleaving ID TO-ANALOG CONVERTER AB As line widths in emerging III-V technologies approaching that of modern CMOS, the conception of high performance mixed signal designs such as digital to analog converters (DACs) in the mm-wave space becomes possible. While addressing the speed limitations, candidate III-Vs ((InP, GaAs and GaN) are known to suffer from increased switching power consumption, limited device yield and absolute accuracy. CMOS, on the other hand, has the benefit of low-power digital switching, fine resolution and scalability. Recent attempts in marrying the two technologies have been carried out in the DARPA COSMOS program, by integrating III-V type devices with CMOS circuits, so as to exploit the advantages of low-power digital CMOS and high-speed high-power InP. This paper presents some of the challenges as well as prospects in designing record speed and performance DACs in the COSMOS program while contrasting it to that of deeply-scaled CMOS. A multi-phase parallel DAC architecture is leveraged for ultra-wideband synthesis, to improve noise performance and achieve higher information rates. The architectural bounds between CMOS and InP as well as detailed circuit-level analysis of critical block elements will be highlighted. C1 [Khalil, W.; Dupaix, B.; Balasubramanian, S.] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Wilson, J.] Army Res Lab, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Creech, G. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khalil, W (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600026 ER PT S AU Wu, QY Quach, T Mattamana, A Elabd, S Dooley, SR McCue, JJ Orlando, PL Creech, GL Khalil, W AF Wu, Qiyang Quach, Tony Mattamana, Aji Elabd, Salma Dooley, Steve R. McCue, Jamin J. Orlando, Pompei L. Creech, Gregory L. Khalil, Waleed GP IEEE TI Design of Wide Tuning-Range mm-Wave VCOs Using Negative Capacitance SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE Negative capacitance circuits; mm-wave integrated circuits; LC-VCOs; wide tuning range VCOs ID TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIERS; TECHNOLOGY; EXTENSION AB Negative capacitance (NC) circuits of single-ended and differential topologies are presented, analyzed and characterized. The novel NC designs extend the bandwidth of conventional NC circuits while maintaining low power consumption. To compare the performance of the designs, a figure of merit (FOM) is proposed. A power and area efficient NC scheme employing a 130 nm CMOS technology is applied to a mm-wave LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) for demonstration. The VCO tuning range is extended by employing the NC circuit to cancel the parasitic capacitance of the LC-tank; resulting in a 35% tuning range increase as compared to the reference LC-VCO circuit. The NC-based LC-VCO achieved a 27% tuning range in the Q-Band, which is the highest reported. Measured results compare closely to the theoretical analysis of the LC-VCO operating from 34.5 - 45.4 GHz. C1 [Wu, Qiyang; Elabd, Salma; McCue, Jamin J.; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quach, Tony; Mattamana, Aji; Dooley, Steve R.; Orlando, Pompei L.; Creech, Gregory L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, QY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wuq@ece.osu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600025 ER PT B AU Reddick, RJ Heilig, JV Valdez, PL AF Reddick, Richard J. Heilig, Julian Vasquez Valdez, Patrick L. BE Hilton, AA Wood, JL Lewis, CW TI BRIDGING A BLACK-BROWN DIVIDE? Black Male Students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution SO BLACK MALES IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION: EXAMINING THEIR EXPERIENCES IN DIVERSE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS SE Contemporary Perspectives on Access Equity and Achievement LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDUCATION; AMERICAN; COLLEGE AB The experiences of Black male students in many traditional higher education settings have been deleterious to their self-esteem and development. However, the picture at minority serving institutions (MSIs), such as historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), seems to be demonstrably different. One emerging type of MSI-the Hispanic-serving institution (HSI)-is worthy of investigation, as these institutions are on the increase. This qualitative research study explored the lived experiences of a group of Black male students at an HSI in Central Texas. Findings from a focus group revealed that Black male students were mostly unaware of the college's HSI status, felt that the HSI environment helped forge strong Black-Brown relations, and that the HSI was still a PWI in that they regularly dealt with racial concerns. The chapter concludes with recommendations for how HSI administrators, faculty, and campus constituents can simultaneously support the unique HSI campus environment and the positive development of Black male students. C1 [Reddick, Richard J.] Univ Texas Austin, Coll Educ, Dept Educ Adm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reddick, Richard J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept African & African Diaspora Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reddick, Richard J.] Univ Texas Austin, John L Warfield Ctr African & African Amer Studie, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reddick, Richard J.] Univ Texas Austin, Gender & Sexual Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Heilig, Julian Vasquez] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Mexican Amer Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Valdez, Patrick L.] St Edwards Univ, Austin, TX USA. [Valdez, Patrick L.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Reddick, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Coll Educ, Dept Educ Adm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM richard.reddick@austin.utexas.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-932-3 J9 CONT PER ACCESS PY 2012 BP 183 EP 207 PG 25 WC Education & Educational Research; Ethnic Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Ethnic Studies GA BCZ72 UT WOS:000312228500011 ER PT J AU Cung, K Slater, RL Cui, Y Manivannan, S Jones, SE Ahmad, H Nelson, CM Naik, RR McAlpine, MC AF Cung, Kellye Slater, Russell L. Cui, Yue Manivannan, Sriram Jones, Sharon E. Ahmad, Habib Nelson, Celeste M. Naik, Rajesh R. McAlpine, Michael C. TI Rapid, multiplexed microfluidic phage display (vol 12, pg 562, 2012) SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Correction C1 [Slater, Russell L.; Cui, Yue; McAlpine, Michael C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cung, Kellye; Manivannan, Sriram; Nelson, Celeste M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ahmad, Habib] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP McAlpine, MC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mcm@princeton.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 24 BP 5281 EP 5281 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049EJ UT WOS:000311964700027 ER PT J AU Roy, JN Luckarift, HR Lau, C Falase, A Garcia, KE Ista, LK Chellamuthu, P Ramasamy, RP Gadhamshetty, V Wanger, G Gorby, YA Nealson, KH Bretschger, O Johnson, GR Atanassov, P AF Roy, Jared N. Luckarift, Heather R. Lau, Carolin Falase, Akinbayowa Garcia, Kristen E. Ista, Linnea K. Chellamuthu, Privthiraj Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana Wanger, Greg Gorby, Yuri A. Nealson, Kenneth H. Bretschger, Orianna Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen TI A study of the flavin response by Shewanella cultures in carbon-limited environments SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; RIBOFLAVIN; GROWTH; ELECTRICITY; SHUTTLES; OXIDE AB Mediated electron transfer has been implicated as a primary mechanism of extracellular electron transfer to insoluble electron acceptors in anaerobic cultures of the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis. In this work, planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. oneidensis exposed to carbon-limited environments trigger an electrochemical response thought to be the signature of an electrochemically active metabolite. This metabolite was detected via cyclic voltammetry for S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms. The observed electrochemical potentials correspond to redox potentials of flavin-containing molecules. Chromatographic techniques were then used to quantify concentrations of riboflavin by the carbon-limited environmental response of planktonic S. oneidensis. Further evidence of flavin redox chemistry was associated with biofilm formation on multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified Toray paper under carbon-starved environments. By encapsulating one such electrode in silica, the encapsulated biofilm exhibits riboflavin redox activity earlier than a non-encapsulated system after media replacement. This work explores the electrochemical nature of riboflavin interaction with an electrode after secretion from S. oneidensis and in comparison to abiotic systems. C1 [Roy, Jared N.; Lau, Carolin; Falase, Akinbayowa; Garcia, Kristen E.; Ista, Linnea K.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Chellamuthu, Privthiraj; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wanger, Greg; Gorby, Yuri A.; Nealson, Kenneth H.; Bretschger, Orianna] J Craig Venter Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Roy, JN (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; Ista, Linnea/A-5029-2016 OI Ista, Linnea/0000-0002-8747-9987 FU Material Science Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX This study was funded by the Material Science Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Venkataramana Gadhamshetty was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship from Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Jared Roy was supported through a pre-doctoral fellowship from Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 26 BP 10020 EP 10027 DI 10.1039/c2ra21727a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051OL UT WOS:000312136800043 ER PT J AU Chen, L Li, F Ni, BB Xu, J Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Chen, Long Li, Feng Ni, Binbin Xu, Jiao Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Enhanced visible photocatalytic activity of hybrid Pt/alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; FERMI-LEVEL; AU; OXIDATION; HEMATITE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; SIZE; NANOCRYSTALS AB alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods with highly defective surfaces were used as a support to further synthesize hybrid Pt/alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods. Transmission electron microscopy analyses suggest that Pt nanoparticles are selectively deposited on the surface defects such as edge-steps. Pt nanoparticles in metallic and electron deficient states, as well as the correlation between chemisorbed oxygen species and the peripheral Pt area, were revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. The hybrid nanorods with an optimized amount of Pt nanoparticles and a large peripheral Pt area exhibit far better visible light photocatalytic activity for degrading methylene blue than alpha-Fe2O3. C1 [Chen, Long; Li, Feng; Ni, Binbin; Xu, Jiao; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI fu, zhengping/A-3530-2009 OI fu, zhengping/0000-0002-7896-1333 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities; US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities. Prof. Lu also thanks the support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR). NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 26 BP 10057 EP 10063 DI 10.1039/c2ra21897f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051OL UT WOS:000312136800047 ER PT B AU Woodward, C Asta, M Trinkle, DR Lill, J AF Woodward, C. Asta, M. Trinkle, D. R. Lill, J. GP TMS TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS SO TMS 2012 141ST ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2: MATERIALS PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Properties, Characterization and Modeling from 141st TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 11-15, 2012 CL Orlando, CA SP TMS DE Liquid metals; density; density functional theory; superalloys ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Fundamental properties of molten Ni-based alloys are calculated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on Density Functional Theory. In this work predictions for density inversion, an increase in liquid metal density with increasing temperature, are made for a model Ni-Al-W alloy and the Ni-based superallloys RENE-N4 and CMSX-4. Previous calculations on simple, binary and ternary Ni alloys illustrated proof of concept of this method, predicting liquid-phase molar volumes (V(c, T)) within 0.6-1.8% of available experimental data. Simulation cells of 500 atoms, run for approximately 10 psec, were adequate to converge liquid metal densities and diffusion rates. Predicted liquid metal densities for Ni-Al-W alloys, for target compositions and temperatures consistent with 0 and 0.5 solid volume fractions in the melt, produce approximately a 2% density inversion. The liquid metal density for a Ni based superalloy, RENE-N4, is calculated at the liquidus and solidus temperatures expected in the mushy zone. A series of 500 atom instantiations of the superalloy melt produce self-consistent densities that are well within expected numerical error. This illustrates that simulations of moderate spatial and temporal scales sample enough degrees of freedom to properly represent the configuration entropy found in a liquid metal superalloy. Density inversions are predicted for both RENE-N4 and CMSX-4 for chemistries and temperatures consistent with 0 and 0.4 solid volume fractions in the melt. C1 [Woodward, C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asta, M.] Univ Calif, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trinkle, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lill, J.] High Performance Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB 45443, OH USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-1-118-35700-2; 978-1-118-29609-7 PY 2012 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCV71 UT WOS:000311607900042 ER PT J AU Blackshire, JL AF Blackshire, James L. GP IEEE TI Microstructure-Induced Phonon Focusing Effects and Opportunities for Improved Material Quantification SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY OCT 18-21, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, PZFlex, Avago Technologies DE Microstructure; Ultrasound Scattering; Phonon Focusing; Scanning Laser Vibrometry AB It is well known that single-crystal materials such as silicon have anisotropic elastic properties which depend on crystalline direction, causing the characteristic properties of a propagating elastic wave to have spatial and directional dependencies. As a result, variations in the speed and energy flux of an elastic waves propagating in a single crystal material typically produce spatial patterns, which can be used to infer the internal structure of a crystalline material. For polycrystalline materials, similar effects can be manifested when textured or single phase, equiaxed grains are involved, and coherent wave interference processes exist. Three examples of this are presented in this paper, where the propagation of longitudinal waves within single crystal silicon, textured titanium, and polycrystalline nickel materials are characterized using scanning laser vibrometry in a thru-transmission detection mode. By measuring and studying the resulting patterns, it is anticipated that inversion methods can be developed for the quantitative evaluation of single crystal and polycrystalline materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1252-4 PY 2012 BP 782 EP 785 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0191 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCD91 UT WOS:000309918400189 ER PT J AU Blackshire, JL AF Blackshire, James L. GP IEEE TI Three-dimensional Crack Depth Profile Assessment using Near-Field Surface Acoustic Wave Signal Response SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY OCT 18-21, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, PZFlex, Avago Technologies DE Surface Acoustic Wave; Crack Depth Profile; Near Field Scattering ID BREAKING CRACK; ULTRASONIC SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-WAVES AB A method for determining the three-dimensional depth profile of a surface-breaking crack-like feature is presented based on near-field surface acoustic wave signal responses. Three-dimensional finite element models were used to study the forward problem, where the characteristic near-field scattering of a surface acoustic wave incident on a simulated crack was investigated. Experimental validation of the modeling predictions was accomplished using a wedge transducer for surface wave generation and a scanning laser vibrometry system for surface wave detection. The characteristic near-field amplitude response in reflection and in transmission was measured and modeled for flat-bottom, angled, and curved-bottom localized notch features, where a simple linear inversion method was developed, which provided an effective means for characterizing and mapping the three-dimensional depth profile of surface-breaking crack-like features with depths in the micron to millimeter range. C1 USAF, Res Lab AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1252-4 PY 2012 BP 1794 EP 1797 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0448 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCD91 UT WOS:000309918400428 ER PT J AU Montgomery, KH Wilt, DM Howard, A Williams, B Williams, B AF Montgomery, Kyle H. Wilt, David M. Howard, Alex Williams, Bill, Sr. Williams, Bill, Jr. GP IEEE TI Characterization of a TS-Space Quad-Source Solar Simulator SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic cells; light sources; current-voltage characteristics; gallium compounds; indium gallium arsenide AB We present a thorough evaluation of a first-of-its-kind quad-source AM 0 solar simulator developed by TS-Space Systems and installed at the AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland AFB, NM. With an underlying need to evaluate more complex and advanced space photovoltaics, the TS-Space Unisim 100 was chosen as replacement to the Spectrolab X-25. Several parameters of the Unisim were characterized including spectral irradiance, lamp stability (long-term and short-term), spatial uniformity, and repeatability. In addition, the impact of test plane translation due to variable cell holders was studied. The potential impact of AC input voltage to lamp ballast was also investigated. Further, comparisons are made to the X-25. Finally, operational considerations for the use of a multi-source simulator are discussed. C1 [Montgomery, Kyle H.; Wilt, David M.; Howard, Alex] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Montgomery, Kyle H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Williams, Bill, Sr.; Williams, Bill, Jr.] TS Space Syst, Marlow, Bucks, England. RP Montgomery, KH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1517 EP 1522 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801178 ER PT J AU Smith, M Tillotson, B Oliver, J Tarasenko, N Schoelzel, T Brandhorst, H AF Smith, Marcus Tillotson, Brian Oliver, Jeffrey Tarasenko, Nicholas Schoelzel, Thomas Brandhorst, Henry GP IEEE TI Development of a Laser Power Beaming Experiment SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE 810 nm laser; GaAs solar cells; power beaming; terrestrial test range AB Because beaming power from a laser to solar cells is an option to meet increasing power demands of the DOD and elsewhere, a terrestrial power beaming experiment was conducted to uncover issues. The 2.5 kW laser beamed at 810 nm to utilize the atmospheric window at 800 to 890 nm. The 40 cell GaAs receiver array had four rows of cells connected in parallel each with ten cells in series. The test site is located at the Eglin Air Force Base, Florida and special test procedures to ensure participant safety were used. This paper describes the test equipment and laboratory and field power beaming results. C1 [Smith, Marcus] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. RP Smith, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2825 EP 2830 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803028 ER PT J AU Howard, AD Wilt, DM Jenkins, PP Trautz, KM Hausgen, P Merrill, JM AF Howard, A. D. Wilt, D. M. Jenkins, P. P. Trautz, K. M. Hausgen, P. Merrill, J. M. GP IEEE TI Selected On-Orbit Data from the FTSCE II aboard the MISSE 7 Testbed SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE advanced photovoltaics; high efficiency devices; inverted metamorphic; space solar cells AB The 2nd Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE II) that flew as part of the 7th Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE 7) successfully flew on orbit for 18 months from 23 November 2009 to 20 May 2011. The Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory flew a myriad of experiments to evaluate advanced photovoltaic technologies. Such data is critical for technology development and future transition to operational use. Applications of the data include validating ground test protocols and assessing LEO environmental effects (atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, thermal cycling, etc.). In addition to reducing risk to future spacecraft, research and development risks are reduced through early technology assessment for space operation. These experiments were comprised of triple-junction production as well as advanced inverted metamorphic (IMM) and other thin film III-V cells from multiple vendors. In addition to the III-V based devices an experiment was included to evaluate advanced amorphous silicon concepts. The methodology and analysis of the on-orbit data collected during the mission is presented here. C1 [Howard, A. D.; Wilt, D. M.; Hausgen, P.; Merrill, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Howard, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3275 EP 3280 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803124 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Corso, KA Corso, ML Kanzler, KE Ray-Sannerud, B Morrow, CE AF Bryan, Craig J. Corso, Kent A. Corso, Meghan L. Kanzler, Kathryn E. Ray-Sannerud, Bobbie Morrow, Chad E. TI Therapeutic Alliance and Change in Suicidal Ideation during Treatment in Integrated Primary Care Settings SO ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE outcomes; primary care; suicidal ideation; therapeutic alliance ID OUTCOME CORRELATION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; DEPRESSION; DETERMINANTS AB A strong therapeutic alliance is considered to be an essential factor for the effective assessment and management of suicidal patients; however, to date this has received little empirical attention. The current study evaluated the association of future change in suicidal ideation with therapeutic alliance during first appointments with primary care behavioral health consultants. The Behavioral Health Measure (BHM; Kopta & Lowery, 2002) and Therapeutic Bond Scale (TBS; CelestHealth Solutions, 2006) were completed by 497 primary care patients who kept 2 to 8 appointments with the integrated behavioral health consultant. Results indicated that suicidal ideation generally improved over the course of several behavioral health appointments and that therapeutic alliance was rated very high by patients. Therapeutic alliance during the first appointment was not associated with eventual change in suicidal ideation. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Corso, Kent A.] NCR Behav Hlth LLC, Walter Reed Natl Mil, Med Ctr Bethesda, Bethesda, MD USA. [Corso, Meghan L.] US PHS, Bur Med & Surg, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kanzler, Kathryn E.] Malcolm Grow Med Clin, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Morrow, Chad E.] Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM craig.bryan@psych.utah.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1381-1118 J9 ARCH SUICIDE RES JI Arch. Suicide Res. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 4 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1080/13811118.2013.722055 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 035OT UT WOS:000310957400004 PM 23137221 ER PT J AU Yom, J Lane, SM Vaia, RA AF Yom, Jeannie Lane, Sarah M. Vaia, Richard A. TI Multi-component hierarchically structured polymer brushes SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATIONS; GRAFTING DENSITY; CONTROLLED GROWTH; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION; AFM; COPOLYMERS AB Polymer brushes offer patternable, robust, two-dimensional coatings that can be used for, among other applications, the capture and release of medicine and nanoparticles. In this contribution, we demonstrate a technique for extending the patterning ability into the third dimension. This technique, which combines photolithography and ATRP, uses a photoresist to mask and expose chosen areas of a polymer brush. The polymer brush grows only in the exposed areas and subsequent masking and growth processes can be repeated owing to the living nature of ATRP, and thus allowing complex three-dimensional pattern formation. The concept is demonstrated by creating multi-component block-copolymer brush patterns of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA). Colorimetric visualization of the swell-deswell transition of the partially hydrated and fully hydrated patterns confirm that PGMA patterned on top of PNIPAM alters swelling and the kinetics of the transition. C1 [Yom, Jeannie; Lane, Sarah M.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX Funding for this project was available from the Air Force Office for Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. S. M. L. contributed to this article while holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 48 BP 12009 EP 12016 DI 10.1039/c2sm26277k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 044QV UT WOS:000311638500007 ER PT S AU Hu, M Li, H Wu, Q Rose, GS AF Hu, Miao Li, Hai Wu, Qing Rose, Garrett S. GP IEEE TI Hardware Realization of BSB Recall Function Using Memristor Crossbar Arrays SO 2012 49TH ACM/EDAC/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (DAC) SE Design Automation Conference DAC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, ACM, EDAC DE neural network; BSB model; memristor; crossbar array; process variation ID MODEL AB The Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) model is an auto-associative neural network that has been widely used in optical character recognition and image processing. Traditionally, the BSB model was realized at software level and carried out on high-performance computing clusters. To improve computation efficiency and reduce resources requirement, we propose a hardware realization by utilizing memristor crossbar arrays. In this work, we explore the potential of a memristor crossbar array as an auto-associative memory. More specificly, the recall function of a multi-answer character recognition based on BSB model was realized. The robustness of the proposed BSB circuit was analyzed and evaluated based on massive Monte-Carlo simulations, considering input defects, process variations, and electrical fluctuations. The physical constrains when implementing a neural network with memristor crossbar array have also been discussed. Our results show that the BSB circuit has a high tolerance to random noise. Comparably, the correlations between memristor arrays introduces directional noise and hence dominates the quality of circuits. C1 [Hu, Miao; Li, Hai] NYU, Polytech Inst, Metrotech Ctr 6, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Wu, Qing; Rose, Garrett S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Metrotech Ctr 6, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM mhu01@students.poly.edu; hli@poly.edu; qing.wu@rl.af.mil; garrett.rose@rl.af.mil NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0738-100X BN 978-1-4503-1199-1 J9 DES AUT CON PY 2012 BP 498 EP 503 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ85 UT WOS:000309256800071 ER PT S AU Pino, RE Li, H Chen, YR Hu, M Liu, BY AF Pino, Robinson E. Li, Hai (Helen) Chen, Yiran Hu, Miao Liu, Beiye GP IEEE TI Statistical Memristor Modeling and Case Study in Neuromorphic Computing SO 2012 49TH ACM/EDAC/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (DAC) SE Design Automation Conference DAC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, ACM, EDAC DE Memristor; process variation; neural network; pattern recognition ID INTRINSIC PARAMETER FLUCTUATIONS; MOSFETS AB Memristor, the fourth passive circuit element, has attracted increased attention since it was rediscovered by HP Lab in 2008. Its distinctive characteristic to record the historic profile of the voltage/current creates a great potential for future neuromorphic computing system design. However, at the nano-scale, process variation control in the manufacturing of memristor devices is very difficult. The impact of process variations on a memristive system that relies on the continuous (analog) states of the memristors could be significant. We use TiO2-based memristor as an example to analyze the impact of geometry variations on the electrical properties. A simple algorithm was proposed to generate a large volume of geometry variation-aware three-dimensional device structures for Monte-Carlo simulations. A neuromorphic computing system based on memristor-based bidirectional synapse design is proposed as case study. We analyze and evaluate the robustness of the proposed system in pattern recognition based on massive Monte-Carlo simulations, after considering input defects and process variations. C1 [Pino, Robinson E.] USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Li, Hai (Helen); Hu, Miao] Polytech Inst New York Univ, ECE Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Chen, Yiran; Liu, Beiye] Univ Pittsburgh, ECE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Pino, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM robinson.pino@rl.af.mil; hli@poly.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; mhu01@students.poly.edu; bel34@pitt.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0738-100X BN 978-1-4503-1199-1 J9 DES AUT CON PY 2012 BP 585 EP 590 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ85 UT WOS:000309256800085 ER PT J AU Stanard, T Flach, JM Smith, MRH Warren, R AF Stanard, Terry Flach, John M. Smith, Matthew R. H. Warren, Rik TI Learning to Avoid Collisions: A Functional State Space Approach SO ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-TO-COLLISION; VISUALLY GUIDED ACTION; INFORMATION-SOURCES; DYNAMIC TOUCH; PERCEPTION; BRAKING; ARRIVAL; MOTION; TAU; CONSTRAINTS AB Two experiments examined performance in collision avoidance situations. In both experiments participants were asked to initiate a discrete maneuver to avoid a collision at the last possible moment. The affordances of the situations were varied as a function of vehicle dynamics and the functional consequences associated with responding too late or too early. The results were examined in the context of a 2-dimensional functional state space with dimensions associated with optical angle and optical expansion rate. The patterns of performance showed that the actions were consistent with decision rules that could be specified in terms of linear functions of the two optical variables. In most cases, performance at early stages of learning suggested that people were using an Expansion Rate Criterion. With practice, people would tune to a decision rule that was appropriate for the specific vehicle dynamics tested. The results are discussed in relation to the role of three factors in shaping ultimate performance: (a) tasks constraints (i.e., affordances), (b) information constraints (i.e., optical structure), and (c) experience (i.e., learning). C1 [Flach, John M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Stanard, Terry; Warren, Rik] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Matthew R. H.] Delphi Elect & Safety, Adv Engn, Kokomo, IN USA. RP Flach, JM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM john.flach@wright.edu NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1040-7413 J9 ECOL PSYCHOL JI Ecol. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 328 EP 360 DI 10.1080/10407413.2012.729382 PG 33 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 037PL UT WOS:000311118900004 ER PT J AU Shen, L Hagen, JA Papautsky, I AF Shen, Li Hagen, Joshua A. Papautsky, Ian TI Point-of-care colorimetric detection with a smartphone SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PAPER; DEVICES; ELISA; TELEMEDICINE; PLATFORM; SCANNER AB Paper-based immunoassays are becoming powerful and low-cost diagnostic tools, especially in resource-limited settings. Inexpensive methods for quantifying these assays have been shown using desktop scanners, which lack portability, and cameras, which suffer from the ever changing ambient light conditions. In this work, we introduce a novel approach of quantifying colors of colorimetric diagnostic assays with a smartphone that allows high accuracy measurements in a wide range of ambient conditions, making it a truly portable system. Instead of directly using the red, green, and blue (RGB) intensities of the color images taken by a smartphone camera, we use chromaticity values to construct calibration curves of analyte concentrations. We demonstrate the high accuracy of this approach in pH measurements with linear response ranges of 1-12. These results are comparable to those reported using a desktop scanner or silicon photodetectors. To make the approach adoptable under different lighting conditions, we developed a calibration technique to compensate for measurement errors due to variability in ambient light. This technique is applicable to a number of common light sources, such as sun light, fluorescent light, or smartphone LED light. Ultimately, the entire approach can be integrated in an "app" to enable one-click reading, making our smartphone based approach operable without any professional training or complex instrumentation. C1 [Shen, Li; Papautsky, Ian] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, BioMicroSyst Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hagen, Joshua A.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Papautsky, I (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, BioMicroSyst Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM ian.papautsky@uc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by funds provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 32 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 14 U2 138 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 4240 EP 4243 DI 10.1039/c2lc40741h PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 035BF UT WOS:000310916100005 PM 22996728 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Asmolova, O Dearborn, ME McHarg, MG AF Andersen, Geoff Asmolova, Olha Dearborn, Michael E. McHarg, Matthew G. BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI FalconSAT-7: A Membrane Photon Sieve Cube Sat Solar Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Space telescopes; lightweight optics; diffractive optics ID MODEL AB We are currently constructing FalconSAT-7 for launch in mid-2014. The low-Earth, 3U Cube Sat solar telescope incorporates a 0.2m deployable membrane photon sieve with over 2.5 billion holes. The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate diffraction limited imaging of a collapsible, diffractive primary over a narrow bandwidth. As well as being simpler to manufacture and deploy than curved, polished surfaces, the sheets do not have to be optically flat, greatly reducing many engineering issues. As such, the technology is particularly promising as a means to achieve extremely large optical primaries from compact, lightweight packages. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Asmolova, Olha; Dearborn, Michael E.; McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 84421C DI 10.1117/12.924250 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600040 ER PT S AU Carvalho, M Granados, A Perez, C Arguedas, M Muccio, M Suprenant, J Hague, D Poland, B AF Carvalho, Marco Granados, Adrian Perez, Carlos Arguedas, Marco Muccio, Michael Suprenant, Joseph Hague, Daniel Poland, Brendon BE Byrski, A Oplatkova, Z Carvalho, M KisielDorohinicki, M TI A Hybrid Emulation Environment for Airborne Wireless Networks SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT MODELLING AND SIMULATION: SIMULATION TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Airborne networks are among some of the most challenging communication environments for protocol design and validation. Three dimensional and highly dynamic in nature, airborne network links are generally difficult to simulate accurately and often expensive to recreate in field experiments. The physical characteristics of the data links in these kinds of networks are not only influenced by the usual environmental factors and interferences, but also by the frequent changes in the relative angles and positions between antennas, shadowing effects of the airframe, non-uniform ground effects and other factors. In this work we summarize our research for the development of mLab, a hybrid emulation environment for airborne networks that combines theoretical path loss models with statistical data-driven models to create a low-cost, high fidelity, specialized emulation environment for the development, evaluation, and validation of protocols and algorithms for airborne wireless networks. C1 [Carvalho, Marco] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Carvalho, Marco] Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. [Granados, Adrian; Perez, Carlos; Arguedas, Marco] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. [Muccio, Michael; Suprenant, Joseph; Hague, Daniel; Poland, Brendon] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Carvalho, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM mcarvalho@fit.edu; agranados@ihmc.us; cperez@ihmc.us; marguedas@ihmc.us; michael.muccio@ihmc.us; joseph.suprenant@ihmc.us; daniel.hague@rl.af.mil; brendon.poland@rl.af.mil OI Carvalho, Marco/0000-0002-2354-9640 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-28887-6 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2012 VL 416 BP 111 EP 129 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-28888-3 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BCB20 UT WOS:000309564900005 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ Bogle, AE Rothwell, EJ Dester, GD AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. Bogle, Andrew E. Rothwell, Edward J. Dester, Gary D. TI An Improved Two-Layer Method for Nondestructively Characterizing Magnetic Sheet Materials Using a Single Rectangular Waveguide Probe SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE permittivity; permeability; waveguide probe; parallel-plate waveguide; Green's function ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; FREQUENCIES; REFLECTION; SPACE AB An improved single waveguide probe technique is presented to nondestructively determine the permittivity and permeability of sheet materials. The impetus for the technique is to address the unreliable results yielded by the existing single probe two-layer method while preserving its physical ease of measurement. Included in this article is the theoretical development of the method and its experimental validation. The theoretical development uses Love's equivalence theorem to derive a magnetic field integral equation that is subsequently solved for the theoretical reflection coefficient using the method of moments. Experimental permittivity and permeability results for two magnetic shielding materials are presented and compared to results obtained using established techniques to validate the proposed method. Profile plots of the electric and magnetic fields in the material under test region of the measurement geometry are provided and analyzed to yield further physical insight. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Bogle, Andrew E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45342 USA. [Rothwell, Edward J.; Dester, Gary D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45342 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6343 EI 1532-527X J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PY 2012 VL 32 IS 7 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1080/02726343.2012.716702 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 030RW UT WOS:000310588800004 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Fylstra, P De Long, HC Trulove, PC Parsons, S AF Henderson, Wesley A. Fylstra, Paul De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. Parsons, Simon TI Crystal structure of the ionic liquid EtNH3NO3-Insights into the thermal phase behavior of protic ionic liquids SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SOLID METHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ETHYLAMMONIUM NITRATE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; AMMONIUM HALIDES; SELF-DIFFUSION AB The crystal structure of the salt ethylammonium nitrate (EtNH3NO3) has been determined. EtNH3NO3 is one of the most widely studied protic ionic liquids (PILs)-ILs formed by proton transfer from a Bronsted acid to a Bronsted base. The structural features from the crystal structure, in concert with a Raman spectroscopic analysis of the ions, provide direct insight as to why EtNH3NO3 melts below ambient temperature, while other related salts (such as EtNH3Cl) do not. C1 [Henderson, Wesley A.; Fylstra, Paul; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquids & Electrolyte Energy Technol ILEET La, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Parsons, Simon] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Henderson, WA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM whender@ncsu.edu; hugh.delong@afosr.af.mil; trulove@usna.edu; s.parsons@ed.ac.uk FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Air Force or Navy. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 46 BP 16041 EP 16046 DI 10.1039/c2cp43079g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032SS UT WOS:000310740000012 PM 23099473 ER PT J AU De, S Gupta, K Stanley, RJ Zoughi, R Doering, K Van Aken, D Steffes, G O'Keefe, M Palmer, D AF De, Soumya Gupta, Kapil Stanley, R. Joe Zoughi, Reza Doering, Kenneth Van Aken, David Steffes, Gary O'Keefe, Matt Palmer, Donald TI A COMPREHENSIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROCESS FOR FAILURE ASSESSMENT IN AIRCRAFT LAP-JOINT MIMICS USING INTRAMODAL FUSION OF EDDY CURRENT DATA SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE aging aircraft; aircraft lap-joints; data fusion; Eddy current testing; fatigue; finite element modeling; nondestructive evaluation; structural health monitoring (SHM) ID MULTIFREQUENCY DATA FUSION; NDT DATA FUSION; CORROSION; FATIGUE AB In the aerospace industry, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are commonly used for structural health monitoring, including finding manufacturing and service-induced discontinuities and defects such as corrosion and cracks. A comprehensive structural analysis process is presented for quantizing and evaluating characteristics of aircraft lap-joint mimics. The process investigated here consists of NDE data acquisition, defect detection and characterization involving material loss estimation, three-dimensional structural model generation, finite-element modeling to simulate fatigue damage and comparison with actual tensile fatigue-induced structural analysis data (mechanical loading). The structural analysis process is examined using five test panels consisting of stacked and riveted aluminum plates, configured as lap-joints, four of them with different corroded patches at different layers of the lap-joints and one painted pristine panel used as a reference. The test panels were subjected to three rounds of incremental and cyclical tensile fatiguing with the final round resulting in complete fatigue failure. Eddy current data was obtained from the test panels prior to each round of mechanical loading. Comparing the simulated fatigue loading and the mechanical loading results for identifying susceptible-to-failure areas on the test panels, this comprehensive structural analysis process found the correct location of failure areas at rates as high as 88.9%. C1 [De, Soumya; Stanley, R. Joe; Zoughi, Reza] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol S&T, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO USA. [Gupta, Kapil] Coherix Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Doering, Kenneth; Van Aken, David; O'Keefe, Matt] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol S&T, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO USA. [Steffes, Gary] USAF, Res Lab AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Palmer, Donald] Boeing Co, Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO USA. RP Stanley, RJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 127 Emerson Elect Co Hall,301 W 16th St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM stanleyj@mst.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-04-C-5704]; Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT) FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA8650-04-C-5704 in conjunction with the Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 EI 1432-2110 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 146 EP 170 DI 10.1080/09349847.2012.660242 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 030YM UT WOS:000310606000002 ER PT S AU Krishnan, B Thirumalai, RVKG Kotamraju, S Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Krishnan, Bharat Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Kotamraju, Siva Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Use of Vanadium Doping for Compensated and Semi-Insulating SiC Epitaxial Layers for SiC Device Applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE semi-insulating; epitaxial growth; chloro-carbon; PiN; drift region ID GROWTH; CARBON AB Vanadium doping from SiCl4 source during epitaxial growth with chlorinated C and Si precursors was investigated as a mean of achieving compensated and semi-insulating epitaxial 4H-SiC layers for device applications. Thin epilayers were grown at 1450 degrees C with a growth rate of similar to 6 mu m/h. Experiments at 1600 degrees C resulted in the growth rates ranging from 60 to 90 mu m/h producing epilayers with thickness above 30 mu m. V concentrations up to about 10(17)cm(-3) were found safe for achieving defect-free epilayer surface morphology, however certain degradation of the crystalline quality was detected by XRD at V concentrations as low as 3-5x10(15) cm(-3). Controllable compensation of nitrogen donors with V acceptors provided low-doped and semi-insulating epitaxial layers. Mesa isolated PiN diodes with V-acceptor-compensated epilayers used as drift regions showed qualitatively normal forward- and reverse-bias behavior. C1 [Krishnan, Bharat; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Kotamraju, Siva; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bharat.kris@gmail.com; rk219@msstate.edu; sivakotam@gmail.com; joseph.merrett@wpafb.af.mil; ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu FU NASA EPSCoR [10-09-021] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Murugesu Yoganathan for the independent verification of the high resistivity in the SI epilayers using COREMA. The work was partially supported by NASA EPSCoR Grant no. 10-09-021. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 133 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.133 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000031 ER PT S AU Sheridan, DC Casady, JB Autry, T Aguirre, R Lee, V Johnson, RW Palmer, MJ Scofield, J AF Sheridan, David C. Casady, Jeffrey B. Autry, Tracy Aguirre, Rizal Lee, Victor Johnson, R. Wayne Palmer, Michael J. Scofield, James BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI SiC JFET Power Modules for Reliable 250 degrees C Operation SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE JFET; module; half-bridge; high-temperature; switching energy AB An all SiC 600V / 6 m Omega hermetic half-bridge power module has been developed to operate at ambient temperatures of 200 degrees C and with junction temperatures near 250 degrees C. The modules use SiC trench JFET technology and can output over 100A at T-j=250 degrees C. Double pulsed switching was performed up to temperatures of 150 degrees C with a measured total switching energy of 0.73mJ. The final modules were subjected to temperature cycling, power cycling, and high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) reliability testing. C1 [Sheridan, David C.; Casady, Jeffrey B.] SemiS Labs Inc, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Autry, Tracy; Aguirre, Rizal; Lee, Victor] Microsemi Corp, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. [Johnson, R. Wayne; Palmer, Michael J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Scofield, James] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sheridan, DC (reprint author), SemiS Labs Inc, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM david.sheridan@semisouth.com; jeff.casady@semisouth.com; tautry@microsemi.com; johnsr7@auburn.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-C-2737] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through contract FA8650-07-C-2737, monitored by Dr. James. D. Scofield. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1229 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1229 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000294 ER PT S AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Levin, I Davydov, AV Sundaresan, S Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Levin, Igor Davydov, Albert V. Sundaresan, Siddarth Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Growth of SiC Nanowires on Different Planes of 4H-SiC Substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE nanowires; epitaxial growth; CVD; chemical vapor deposition ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES AB Growth of SiC nanowires (NWs) on monocrystalline 4H-SiC substrates was conducted to investigate a possibility of NW alignment and polytype control. The growth directions of the NWs on the top surfaces and the vertical sidewalls of 4H-SiC mesas having different crystallographic orientations were investigated. The majority of the NWs crystallize in the 3C polytype with the < 111 > growth axis. Six orientations of the 3C < 111 > NWs axis with respect to the substrate were obtained simultaneously when growing on the (0001) plane. In contrast, no more than two NW axis orientations coexisted when growing on a particular mesa sidewall. Growth on a particular {10-10} plane resulted in only one NW axis orientation, giving well-aligned NWs. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sundaresan, Siddarth] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rk219@msstate.edu; bharat.kris@gmail.com; igor.levin@nist.gov; albert.davydov@nist.gov; sid@genesicsemi.com; Joseph.Merrett@wpafb.af.mil; ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1279 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1279 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000306 ER PT S AU Martin, M Summers, J Lyke, J AF Martin, Maurice Summers, Jeff Lyke, James GP IEEE TI AFRL Plug-and-Play Spacecraft Avionics Experiment (SAE) SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS DE Plug-and-play; satellite; avionics; modular; reconfigurable; (IC)-C-2; SpaceWire; SPA; SAE; TacSat-3 AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) developed an initial plug-and-play capability for spacecraft to better define interfaces, similar to USB on personal computers, in order to simplify spacecraft development and reduce cost and schedule. Much of this improved definition involves standardizing software interfaces between spacecraft components and a spacecraft network. The Spacecraft Avionics Experiment (SAE) was developed and flown as a secondary experiment on the AFRL TacSat-3 spacecraft as the first on-orbit demonstration of the Space Plug-and-Play Architecture (SPA) capability. On numerous occasions during SAE development and test, the modular, reconfigurable SPA interface provided significant cost and schedule savings. SAE consisted of a SPA-USB (SPA-U) network with multiple plug-and-play components with the objective of demonstrating as much core avionics and spacecraft operation as possible in a small secondary payload package. To this end, most elements of a Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) system were incorporated, to include a sun sensor, rate sensor, temperature sensors, and an AC coupled interconnect experiment. SAE also provided operational backups for TacSat-3 to include a Surrey SGR-05 GPS receiver and a backup high speed SPA-SpaceWire (SPA-S) link between the hyperspectral image processor and the C&DH for payload data transfer. Active GN&C control elements were not included so as not to risk spacecraft stability and control. SAE used built-in self test functions to verify on-orbit performance autonomously. The primary mission of TacSat-3 was to provide hyperspectral imaging data and to receive tasking, collect the data, and downlink to the tactical warfighter in a single flight over theater. TacSat-3 launched on 19 May 2009 and transitioned to the operational user on 12 June 2010. During TacSat-3 on-orbit experimental operations between these dates, SAE performed numerous experiment data collects. Both the SPA-U and SPA-S interfaces operated as designed. One of the SPA-U experiments had a SEU detector on board and no SEUs were observed during experiment operations. SPA-S demonstrated data transfers at 75 Mbps rate with no bit errors observed on orbit. SAE was developed for AFRL by the Space Systems Group at Sierra Nevada Corporation. C1 [Martin, Maurice; Lyke, James] USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Summers, Jeff] Sierra Nevada Corp, Louisville, KY 80027 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM maurice.martin@kirtland.af.mil; jeff.summers@sncorp.com; james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105303006 ER PT S AU Qiu, D Lynch, R Blasch, E Yang, C AF Qiu, Di Lynch, Robert Blasch, Erik Yang, Chun GP IEEE TI Underwater Navigation Using Location-Dependent Signatures SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS DE underwater navigation; multisensor; location signature; geotag; control; MUSNav ID SIGNALS AB This paper investigates the benefits of a multisensor fusion methodology for underwater navigation using location-dependent signatures, or geotags. The proposed coordinate-free system uses both natural and man-made signals, as well as transient events to extract location-dependent signatures for navigation and guidance. Natural signals include the geomagnetic field, gravity field, bathymetric features, and naturally-occurring very low frequency radio signals. Man-made acoustic sources of opportunity include drainage outlets and pump stations in littoral zones and particularly in harbors, which can be explored to serve as underwater beacons for navigation. This paper models a multisensor coordinate-free system, characterizes various signals for underwater navigation, and evaluates the Multisensor Underwater Signature-based Navigation (MUSNav) system in terms of accuracy, availability, and continuity of the navigation solution. C1 [Qiu, Di; Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Lynch, Robert] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Qiu, D (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM diqiu@sigtem.com; robert.s.lynch@navy.mil; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; chunyang@sigtem.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105302015 ER PT S AU Steinbock, MJ Schmidt, JD Hyde, MW AF Steinbock, Michael J. Schmidt, Jason D. Hyde, Milo W. GP IEEE TI Comparison of Branch Point Tolerant Wavefront Reconstructors in the Presence of Simulated Noise Effects SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB Branch points arise in optical transmissions due to strong atmospheric turbulence, long propagation paths, or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these conditions are very often present in desired operational scenarios for laser weapon systems, optical communication, and covert imaging, which suffer greatly when traditional adaptive optics systems either cannot sense branch points or implement non-optimal methods for sensing and correcting branch points. In this research we create a MATLAB simulation of the real-time AO system at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Utilizing a self-referencing interferometer as the high-order wavefront sensor-this type of sensor being theoretically immune to scintillation-this effort has extended previous theoretical work by adding realistic noise effects to the SRI's measurements before reconstructing the wavefronts and applying the control law. Previous research by Pellizzari presents a thorough analysis of various novel branch point tolerant reconstructors in the absence of noise. This study provides a foundation to guide hardware implementation in the future, where noise effects will be present. C1 [Steinbock, Michael J.; Hyde, Milo W.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schmidt, Jason D.] MZA Assoc Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Steinbock, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Steinbock@afit.edu; Jason.Schmidt@mza.com; Milo.Hyde@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105301086 ER PT J AU Henderson, R McMasters, D French, D Clarke, T AF Henderson, R. McMasters, D. French, D. Clarke, T. GP IEEE TI Direct Power Injection of Microcontrollers in PCB Environments SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (ICEAA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) / IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE APWC) / URSI Electromagnetic Environment and Interference Symposium (EEIS) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Stellenbosch, Politecnico Torino, IEEE Antennas & Propagat, URSI, Int Union Radio Sci, Ist Superiore Mario Boella Tecnologie Informazione & Telecomunicazioni, Torino Wireless Fdn, COREP, FEKO, CST, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Reutech Radar Syst AB This paper presents results of target location specific direct injection on a 8051-based microcontroller in a development board versus a custom test board. Three target locations showed no failure in both environments. Using the custom board, an effect was found in a target location which was not observed using the development board. C1 [Henderson, R.; McMasters, D.] UT Dallas, EE Dept, 800 W Campbell Rd,MS EC33, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [French, D.; Clarke, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henderson, R (reprint author), UT Dallas, EE Dept, 800 W Campbell Rd,MS EC33, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM rmhen@ieee.org; clarketj@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work described was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0335-4 PY 2012 BP 1149 EP 1151 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCJ98 UT WOS:000310356000217 ER PT J AU Wood, AW AF Wood, Aihua W. GP IEEE TI Analysis and numerical solution of electromagnetic scattering from cavities SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (ICEAA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) / IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE APWC) / URSI Electromagnetic Environment and Interference Symposium (EEIS) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Stellenbosch, Politecnico Torino, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, Int Union Radio Sci, Ist Superiore Mario Boella Tecnologie Informazione & Telecomunicazioni, Torino Wireless Fdn, COREP, FEKO, CST, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Reutech Radar Syst AB In this paper, we survey the mathematical study of the phenomenon of electromagnetic scattering from cavities. We consider time harmonic and transient fields, PEC and Impedance boundary conditions, fully embedded and over-filled cavities. C1 USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0335-4 PY 2012 BP 1253 EP 1255 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCJ98 UT WOS:000310356000233 ER PT J AU Clarke, T Dietz, D French, D AF Clarke, Timothy Dietz, David French, David GP IEEE TI Modeling of Radio-Frequency Effects on a Microcontroller SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (ICEAA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) / IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE APWC) / URSI Electromagnetic Environment and Interference Symposium (EEIS) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Stellenbosch, Politecnico Torino, IEEE Antennas & Propagat, URSI, Int Union Radio Sci, Ist Superiore Mario Boella Tecnologie Informazione & Telecomunicazioni, Torino Wireless Fdn, COREP, FEKO, CST, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Reutech Radar Syst AB The question of how a high-power RF pulse may affect a digital system such as a PC or an electronic control unit for a vehicle has become more important as sources of electromagnetic interference proliferate. The task of building a model for such an interaction is extremely challenging, requiring us to incorporate propagation and coupling of the electromagnetic fields, as well as circuit and system level effects. Rather than address this problem in its entirety, we choose to restrict our focus to a simpler system, specifically a microcontroller, and to RF waveforms directly injected into a set of signal lines. In this paper we will describe an integrated experimental and theoretical investigation of RF effects on n 8051-family microcontroller. We will describe our approach and present results from experimental investigations as well as a model for the probability of effect for an RF signal injected into signal lines carrying arbitrary logic pulse trains. Finally, we will describe how our results shed light on the broader problem of predicting the response of a general digital system to a high-power electromagnetic waveform. C1 [Clarke, Timothy; French, David] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Dietz, David] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Clarke, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM clarketj@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work described was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0335-4 PY 2012 BP 1266 EP 1269 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCJ98 UT WOS:000310356000237 ER PT S AU Hu, M Li, H Wu, Q Rose, GS Chen, YR AF Hu, Miao Li, Hai (Helen) Wu, Qing Rose, Garrett S. Chen, Yiran GP IEEE TI Memristor Crossbar Based Hardware Realization of BSB Recall Function SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE neural network; BSB model; memristor; crossbar array; process variation ID NEURAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORIES; DESIGN; MODEL AB The Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) model is an auto-associative neural network that has been widely used in optical character recognition and image processing. Traditionally, the BSB model was realized at software level and carried out on high-performance computing clusters. To improve computation efficiency and reduce resource requirement, we propose a hardware realization by utilizing memristor crossbar arrays. Memristors can remember the historical profiles of the excitations and record them as analog variables. The similarity to biological synaptic behavior has encouraged a lot of research on memristor-based neuromorphic hardware system. In this work, we explore the potential of a memristor crossbar array as an auto-associative memory. More specifically, the recall function of a multi-answer character recognition based on BSB model was realized. The robustness of the proposed BSB circuit was analyzed and evaluated based on massive Monte-Carlo simulations, considering input defects, process variations, and electrical fluctuations. The physical constraints when implementing a neural network with memristor crossbar array have also been discussed. Our results show that the BSB circuit has a high tolerance to random noise. Comparably, the correlations between memristor arrays introduce directional noise and hence dominate the quality of the circuit. C1 [Hu, Miao; Li, Hai (Helen)] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Wu, Qing; Rose, Garrett S.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mhu01@students.poly.edu; hli@poly.edu; qing.wu@rl.af.mil; garrett.rose@rl.af.mil; yic52@pitt.edu FU AFRL [88ABW-2012-0192] FX Received and approved for public release by AFRL on 01/10/2012, case number 88ABW-2012-0192. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-1490-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2012 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCA06 UT WOS:000309341301063 ER PT S AU Ilin, R Kozma, R AF Ilin, Roman Kozma, Robert GP IEEE TI Cognitively Motivated Learning of Categorical Data with Modeling Fields Theory SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE Bernoulli Mixture; Model Selection; MAP; Regularization; Dynamic Logic; Vague-to-crisp; Neural Modeling Fields; Text Clustering ID NEURAL-NETWORKS AB a cognitively inspired framework referred to as Modeling Fields Theory (MFT) is utilized as the basic methodology for learning categorical data, represented by large binary vectors. The presented solution, referred to as accelerated MAP, allows simultaneous learning and selection of the number of models. The key element of accelerated MAP is a steady increase of the regularization penalty combined with gradual decrease of the model vagueness. The operation of this algorithm on real world data is illustrated by applying the algorithm to a text categorization problem. The relationship between the described algorithm and the vague-to-crisp process logic and the dynamical system approach to cognition are discussed. C1 [Ilin, Roman] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozma, Robert] Univ Memphis, Dept Math, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM roman.ilin@wpafb.af.mil; rkozma@memphis.edu RI Kozma, Robert/C-6365-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-1490-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCA06 UT WOS:000309341300049 ER PT S AU Wang, H Li, H Pino, RE AF Wang, Hui Li, Hai (Helen) Pino, Robinson E. GP IEEE TI Memristor-based Synapse Design and Training Scheme for Neuromorphic Computing Architecture SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE memristor; synapse; training AB Memristors have been rediscovered recently and then gained increasing attentions. Their unique properties, such as high density, nonvolatility, and recording historic behavior of current (or voltage) profile, have inspired the creation of memristor-based neuromorphic computing architecture. Rather than the existing crossbar-based neuron network designs, we focus on memristor-based synapse and the corresponding training circuit to mimic the real biological system. In this paper, first, the basic synapse design is presented. On top of it, we will discuss the training sharing scheme and explore design implication on multi-synapse neuron system. Energy saving method such as self-training is also investigated. C1 [Wang, Hui; Li, Hai (Helen)] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Pino, Robinson E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate Adv Comp Architecture, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY USA. EM hwang07@students.poly.edu; hli@poly.edu; robinson.pino@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8750-11-2-0046] FX Contractor acknowledges Government support in the publication of this paper. This material is based upon work funded by AFRL under contract No. FA8750-11-2-0046. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-1490-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2012 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCA06 UT WOS:000309341301077 ER PT J AU Ash, JN Meola, J AF Ash, Joshua N. Meola, Joseph GP IEEE TI INCORPORATING SPATIAL STRUCTURE INTO HYPERSPECTRAL SCENE ANALYSIS SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Hyperspectral imaging; Spatial correlation; Belief propagation ID ANOMALY DETECTION; IMAGERY AB In this paper we consider the problem of classifying materials in a scene based on hyperspectral measurements and a known spectral library of intrinsic material reflectances. In addition to sensor noise, estimation of material reflectances is complicated by atmospheric distortion and local shadowing effects in the scene. This paper proposes a robust Bayesian classifier based on belief propagation and the introduction of two sources of additional prior structure: 1) structured variation of atmospheric distortion, and 2) a spatial Markov structure for materials and shadows in the scene. An example demonstrates substantial reduction in pixel misclassification rate using the proposed method. C1 [Ash, Joshua N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Meola, Joseph] US Air Force Res Lab, EO Target Detect & Surveillance Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ash, JN (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU US Air Force Research Laboratorty FX The work presented in this paper was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratorty NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200002 ER PT J AU Buschelman, EA Martin, RK AF Buschelman, Eric A. Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI NONPARAMETRIC METHODS FOR FULL-WAVEFORM LADAR IMAGES SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Ladar; waveform; nonparametrics; bootstrap AB In the paper, the feasibility of using nonparametric methods to estimate the statistical distributions of full-waveform "Flash" laser radar (ladar) data is demonstrated. Unlike point cloud data, which consists solely of peak range and peak intensity information, full-waveform data captures the entire reflected ladar pulse, which enables more precise ranging and feature segmentation. A correlation-maximization waveform fitting technique yields unexpected values for certain parameters, due to energy loss from absorbent and non-diffuse reflecting surfaces. C1 [Buschelman, Eric A.; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buschelman, EA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200061 ER PT J AU Niu, RX Huie, L AF Niu, Ruixin Huie, Lauren GP IEEE TI SYSTEM STATE ESTIMATION IN THE PRESENCE OF FALSE INFORMATION INJECTION SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Kalman filter; linear dynamic system; target tracking; false information injection; bias AB The problem of system state estimation in the presence of an adversary is investigated for linear dynamic systems. It is assumed that the adversary injects additive false information into the sensor measurement. The impact of the false information on the Kalman filter's estimation performance is analyzed for a general dynamic system. To be concrete, a target tracking system has been used as an example. In such a system, if the false information is injected only once, the effect of the false information on the Kalman filter proves to be diminishing over time, even when the Kalman filter is unaware of the false information injection. The convergence rate as a function of the maneuvering index is analyzed. If the false information is repeatedly injected into the system, the induced estimation error proves to reach a finite steady state. Numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results. C1 [Niu, Ruixin] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Huie, Lauren] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Niu, RX (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate FX R. Nius work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate through its Visiting Faculty Research Program in 2011 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200097 ER PT J AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI HOW VALID IS THE REGULARLY-SPACED GRID ASSUMPTION IN RSS SOURCE LOCALIZATION SENSOR NETWORKS? SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Sensor networks; source localization; geolocation; received signal strength AB Received signal strength (RSS) based wireless sensor networks are often employed for position tracking. Sensor deployment is generally modeled as either a regular grid or as a random, uniform distribution for each sensor. This paper provides a theoretical comparison between the geolocation performance of a regular grid and a randomized grid. We show that the Cramer-Rao bounds are comparable, and for typical network parameters, realizations of the bound of the random grid are within a factor of 2 of the regular grid, with at least 75% confidence. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 520 EP 523 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200131 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF AF Drummy, Lawrence F. GP IEEE TI Bayesian Image Segmentation of Transmission Electron Tomography 3D Reconstructions SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE tomography; SIRT; segmentation; materials science; transmission electron microscopy AB The use of transmission electron tomography for three dimensional morphology analysis of nanostructured materials has grown significantly in recent years due to the improved robustness of automated image collection, alignment and reconstruction routines. Although the amount of published 3D electron tomography data has increased accordingly, in many cases the data is used purely for visualization purposes, due to the difficulty of making quantitative measurements from the as-reconstructed data. This is due to the traditionally difficult step of segmentation of the 3D image volume, which has been hindered due to noise, artifacts and lack of necessary image detail or sharpness. In this work the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) is used to reconstruct High Angle Annular Dark Field-Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) tomography data. The number of SIRT iterations is varied to optimize the reconstruction for segmentation. In particular, signal to noise ratio, signal to artifact ratio, and image blur are identified as parameters which each contribute to the suitability of the reconstruction for segmentation. The Expectation Maximization/Maximization of Posterior Marginals image segmentation algorithm is applied to the SIRT reconstructions, and the resulting Average Intensity Projection (AIP) of the segmented image stack is compared to the raw tomography projection data. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 676 EP 679 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200170 ER PT J AU Venkatakrishnan, S Drummy, L Jackson, M De Graef, M Simmons, J Bouman, C AF Venkatakrishnan, Singanallur Drummy, Lawrence Jackson, Michael De Graef, Marc Simmons, Jeff Bouman, Charles GP IEEE TI BAYESIAN TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION FOR HIGH ANGLE ANNULAR DARK FIELD (HAADF) SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOP Y (STEM) SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Electron tomography; dark-field; Bayesian methods AB HAADF-STEM data is increasingly being used in the physical sciences to study materials in 3D because it is free from the diffraction effects seen in Bright Field STEM data and satisfies the projection requirement for tomography. Typically, reconstruction is performed using Filtered Back Projection (FBP) or the SIRT algorithm. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian reconstruction algorithm for HAADF-STEM tomography which models the image formation, the noise characteristics of the measurement, and the inherent smoothness in the object. Reconstructions of polystyrene functionalized Titanium dioxide nano particle assemblies show results that are qualitatively superior to FBP and SIRT reconstructions, significantly suppressing artifacts and enhancing contrast. C1 [Venkatakrishnan, Singanallur; Bouman, Charles] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence; Simmons, Jeff] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Jackson, Michael] BlueQuartz Software, Springboro, OH USA. [De Graef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Venkatakrishnan, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 680 EP 683 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200171 ER PT S AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Troe, J AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. Troe, Juergen BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Using the Flowing Afterglow to Measure Kinetics of Electron Attachment to Radicals, Ion-Ion Mutual Neutralization, and Electron Catalyzed Mutual Neutralization SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 61 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID R-MATRIX METHOD; REACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN; UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; TUBE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULE REACTIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; LANGMUIR-PROBE; CROSS-SECTIONS; THERMAL-ENERGY; RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENTS AB Flowing tube apparatuses have been used to study a variety of electron and ion processes at thermal energies. We describe a new technique, variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS), which has enabled measurement of rate coefficients for electron attachment to unstable radical molecules and other transient species and for mutual neutralization reactions of anions with noble gas cations, along with, in favorable cases, determination of neutral products of mutual neutralization. Additionally, the method has yielded evidence of a new ternary reaction in which an electron third body enhances anion-cation neutralization at high plasma densities. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Shuman, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 177 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-396482-3 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2012 VL 61 BP 209 EP 294 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-396482-3.00005-3 PG 86 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BCD61 UT WOS:000309843000005 ER PT S AU Pettyjohn, EN AF Pettyjohn, E. N. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI FUTURE TRENDS OF AFRL CRYOCOOLER RESEARCH SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE air force; cryocooler; space AB Over the past year, Air Force Research Labs (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate, has significantly defined the science and technology (S&T) path forward for cryocoolers in support of Air Force space missions. There are two trends that are emerging for cryocooler S&T: the first is missile warning and the second is responsive space. Missile warning is moving towards larger Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs), which generate large heat loads. Responsive space is moving towards a cheap, fast alternative to augment, or reconstitute space capabilities. At first glance, these two trends require completely different approaches to cryocooler S&T. However, decreasing the size, weight, and power of cryocoolers supports both trends. This paper will discuss the technology path chosen by AFRL to meet the Air Force (AF) mission needs for cryocoolers to include AFRL's research path, and potential Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) opportunities to help support the research goals. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Pettyjohn, EN (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1063/1.4706912 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600012 ER PT S AU Rahy, A Yang, KS Bunker, C Nadagouda, MN Yang, DJ AF Rahy, Abdelaziz Yang, Kap Seung Bunker, Christopher Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Yang, Duck J. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Immobilization of Iron Nanoparticles on Multi Substrates and Its Reduction Removal of Chromium (VI) from Waste Streams SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE In-situ synthesis; iron nanoparticles; Substrates; Cr (VI) reduction ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; REMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; GROWTH; METAL AB This article describes the in-situ synthesis and immobilization of iron nanoparticles on several substrates at room temperature using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and ascorbic acid as capping agent. The method is very effective in protecting iron nanoparticles from air oxidation for more than 30 days. Substrates used to immobilize iron nanoparticles are spherical polymer resins (size of 100-200 mesh) and novel carbon substrates prepared from high temperature carbonization of e-spun nylon and poly-acrylonitrile fabrics. Iron nanoparticles (40-100nm) immobilized sample showed higher activity for the reductive removal of hazardous hexavalent Cr (VI) compared to free floating iron nanoparticles at ambient temperature. Iron immobilized substrates has a great potential to be used not only for the removal of Cr (VI) in waste stream but also for oxygen scavenger for food packaging. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Res Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; djyang@utdallas.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.153 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900010 ER PT S AU Rahy, A Hong, SJ Yang, KS Bunker, C Nadagouda, MN Yang, DJ AF Rahy, Abdelaziz Hong, S. J. Yang, Kap Seung Bunker, Christopher Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Yang, Duck J. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Influence of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Oleylamine on the Formation of Nano to Micron Size Spherical SiO2 Particles SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE spherical Sio2; oleylamine; polyethylene glycol; synthesis; eco-friendly; nano-size; micron-size ID SILICA NANOPARTICLES; MONODISPERSE; MICROEMULSION; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; KINETICS; SPHERES AB We report an eco-friendly synthesis of well-controlled, nano-to-micron-size, spherical SiO2 particles using non-hazardous solvent and a byproducts-producing system. It was found that the morphology and size of spherical SiO2 particles are controlled by adjusting the concentration of PEG and oleylamine, ethanol solvent selection, and reaction temperature. The SEM images show spherical-shaped silica particles with homogeneous particle-size distribution. Structural and optical properties of the silica particles were investigated by FT-IR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The resultant SiO2 particles from the synthesis system were easily dispersed in both water and organic solvent. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45433 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Yang, Duck J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Res Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Hong, S. J.] Korea Elect Technol Inst, Songnam 463816, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher] USAF, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadagouda, MN (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45433 USA. EM Nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov; djyang@utdallas.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.163 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900011 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Cazzell, SA Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Cazzell, Seth A. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI The role of crosslinking and polarity in the dark relaxation of azobenzene-based, polymer-stabilised cholesteric liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE cholesteric liquid crystal; chiral nematic; azobenzene; photochemistry ID CEPHALOPOD COLORATION MODEL; PHOTOCHROMIC FULGIDE; CHIRAL AZOBENZENES; REVERSIBLE CONTROL; TWISTING POWER; PITCH; ISOMERIZATION; DERIVATIVES; DOPANTS; PHASES AB Prior examinations have reported that polymer stabilisation of azobenzene-based cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixtures can reduce the time necessary for complete colour restoration in the dark from three days to as few as five minutes. This work extends upon these prior examinations by exploring and elucidating the role of crosslinker concentration and monomer polarity on the colour restoration of a representative CLC mixture composed of a high HTP bis(azo) binapthanyl chiral dopant (QL76) mixed into the cyanobiphenyl nematic liquid crystal host MDA-00-1444. The impact of these variables was unexpectedly convoluted. In all the formulations examined here, polymer stabilisation dramatically reduces the time for complete colour restoration of the starting reflection notch. In mixtures based on nonpolar liquid crystal monomers, increasing the crosslinker concentration reduces the time necessary for complete colour restoration. However, the dependence on crosslinker concentration reverses in mixtures composed from polar liquid crystal monomers in which increasing the crosslinker concentration serves to increase the time necessary for complete colour restoration. C1 [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Cazzell, Seth A.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Cazzell, Seth/J-4392-2015 OI Cazzell, Seth/0000-0001-6220-0436 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Quan Li for providing the QL76 material used in this examination. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1450 EP 1457 DI 10.1080/02678292.2012.720290 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 024UH UT WOS:000310134000005 ER PT J AU Grupen, M AF Grupen, Matt GP IEEE TI Scattering in GaAs for Fermi Kinetics Transport SO 2012 15TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS (IWCE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE) CY MAY 22-25, 2012 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn, Madison, WI SP NSF, Quantum Wise, Springer, IEEE, Electron Device Soc (EDS), APS Phys, Div Computat Phys HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn AB Progress on a Fermi kinetics hot electron transport model, a numerically efficient approach based on ideal Fermi gas thermodynamics, is reported. The basics of the model are first reviewed, and then methods for incorporating ionized impurity, acoustic phonon, and long range electron-electron scattering are described. The different roles the various scattering mechanisms serve within the model and their effects on simulation results are also presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grupen, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Grupen@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0705-5 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCC48 UT WOS:000309721800016 ER PT S AU Bales, MR Benson, T Dickerson, R Campbell, D Hersey, R Culpepper, E AF Bales, M. R. Benson, T. Dickerson, R. Campbell, D. Hersey, R. Culpepper, E. GP IEEE TI Real-Time Implementations of Ordered-Statistic CFAR SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Ordered-statistic constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detectors provide improved robustness over cell-averaging CFAR (CA-CFAR) detectors in multiple target and heterogeneous clutter environments. However, this benefit comes at the cost of generally increased processing time due to the need for a rank-ordering of the CFAR training data. Real-time implementations of OS-CFAR must consider this additional processing burden. In this paper, we present real-time FPGA and CPU/GPU implementations of OS-CFAR. A novel sorting architecture that scales linearly with window size is presented alongside traditional compare-and-swap and rank-only architectures in an FPGA. A rank-only GPU implementation is demonstrated alongside multi-threaded sorting and rank-only CPU implementations. Effects of training window size on throughput and power consumption are considered. C1 [Bales, M. R.; Benson, T.; Dickerson, R.; Campbell, D.; Hersey, R.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bales, MR (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600164 ER PT S AU Ferrara, M Arnold, G Parker, JT Stuff, M AF Ferrara, Matthew Arnold, Gregory Parker, Jason T. Stuff, Mark GP IEEE TI Robust Estimation of Shape Invariants SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID MOTION; TRACKING; TARGETS; SIGNALS AB We develop a feature-based shape-and motion-estimation scheme for moving radar targets based on the solution of object-image relations (OIRs) for incomplete and noisy data. Unlike previous OIR-based techniques for the radar moving-target-imaging problem, our approach is robust to 1) missing data, 2) so-called "slippery scatterers" whose location moves with respect to the radar viewing aspect, and 3) extreme outliers (scattering centers that are inconsistent with the assumed physical or geometric models). The new method is based on exploiting the underlying structure of the model equations, that is, far-field radar data matrices can be decomposed into a summation of low-rank and sparse matrices. C1 [Ferrara, Matthew; Arnold, Gregory] Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Parker, Jason T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stuff, Mark] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM matthew.ferrara@matrixresearch.com; greg.arnold@matrixresearch.com; jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; mastuff@mtri.edu FU AFOSR FX The authors were supported under an AFOSR lab task under the direction of Dr. Arje Nachman. We would also like to thank Dr. Peter Stiller for long-standing contributions to this work. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600031 ER PT S AU Fertig, LB Baden, MJ Kerce, JC Sobota, D AF Fertig, Louis B. Baden, Michael J. Kerce, J. Clayton Sobota, David GP IEEE TI Localization and Tracking with Multipath Exploitation Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect DE Multipath Exploitation Radar; Cramer-Rao Lower Bound; CRLB; GMTI; MER AB This paper illustrates the exquisite localization and tracking performance that is obtainable in urban areas with Multipath Exploitation Radar (MER). First, the MER concept is described. Next, Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds of the desired localization and tracking quantities are derived and evaluated with representative parameters. Measured data is then used to demonstrate that this performance can be achieved in practice. Finally, ideas for future MER research are discussed. C1 [Fertig, Louis B.; Baden, Michael J.; Kerce, J. Clayton] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, 7220 Richardson Rd, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. [Sobota, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fertig, LB (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, 7220 Richardson Rd, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600186 ER PT S AU Frost, SW Rigling, B AF Frost, Shaun W. Rigling, Brian GP IEEE TI Sidelobe Predictions for Spectrally-Disjoint Radar Waveforms SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Spectrally-disjoint radar waveforms seek to minimize the amount of energy in a set of frequency bands within the bandwidth of the waveform. Such a waveform will suffer higher range sidelobes than a waveform with a contiguous bandwidth. As we continue to develop these waveforms, it becomes necessary to establish peak sidelobe level ratio (PSLR) and integrated sidelobe level ratio (ISLR) predictions in order to objectively evaluate performance. In this paper, we derive a closed-form prediction for PSLR and ISLR. These predictions provide sidelobe estimates as a function of usable bandwidth. Predictions such as these can aid in the decision making process of an adaptive radar. C1 [Frost, Shaun W.] USAF, Res Labs, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Frost, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shaun.frost@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600045 ER PT S AU Hou, SJ Qiu, R Browning, JP Wicks, M AF Hou, Shujie Qiu, Robert Browning, James P. Wicks, Michael GP IEEE TI Target Detection with Linear and Kernel Subspaces Matching in the Presence of Strong Clutter SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB This paper proposes potential approaches to detect the weak target in the presence of strong disturbance. The disturbance consists of strong clutter and white Gaussian noise. The target and clutter are assumed to lie in the corresponding subspaces. The algorithms of subspace matching in the linear and kernel subspaces are derived respectively. The leading eigenvector matching that is the subspace with rank one is investigated as well. The simulation is done for two sensor arrays based on the characteristics of the clutter environment. The results from the simulation show the potential and promising uses of the proposed algorithms to detect the weak target. C1 [Hou, Shujie; Qiu, Robert] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cognit Radio Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Qiu, Robert] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cognit Radio Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Browning, James P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wicks, Michael] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hou, SJ (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cognit Radio Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM shou42@students.tntech.edu; rqiu@tntech.edu; James.Browning@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Wicks@udri.udayton.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901420, ECCS-0821658]; Office of Naval Research [N00010-10-1-0810, N00014-11-1-0006] FX This work is funded by National Science Foundation, through two grants (ECCS-0901420 and ECCS-0821658), and Office of Naval Research, through two grants (N00010-10-1- 0810 and N00014-11-1-0006). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600067 ER PT S AU Hu, Z Bryant, M Qiu, RC AF Hu, Z. Bryant, Michael Qiu, R. C. GP IEEE TI Multi-path SAR Change Detection SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect DE SAR; Change Detection; Robust PCA; Template Matching plus Thresholding ID IMAGES AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a form of imaging radar. The defining characteristic of SAR is the usage of relative motion between an antenna and its target region to provide long-term coherent-signal variations that can be exploited to obtain fine spatial resolution for radar image. Due to the improvement of SAR data acquisition technique and the flexibility of SAR sensor deployment, multi-pass SAR imageries can be easily obtained. More information and intelligence can be extracted from SAR imageries. This paper will address one challenging issue for SAR data fusion, i.e. multi-pass SAR change detection. Two methods are proposed in this paper to perform multi-pass SAR change detection. One method is based on robust principal component analysis (PCA) and the other method uses template matching plus thresholding. Both methods explore the local statistics to indicate the change of each pixel in the SAR imageries. The visualization performances illustrate the potential of these two methods for the issue of SAR change detection. C1 [Hu, Z.; Qiu, R. C.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cognit Radio Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bryant, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, Z (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cognit Radio Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM zhu@tntech.edu; Michael.Bryant@wpafb.af.mil; rqiu@tntech.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901420, ECCS-0821658]; Office of Naval Research [N00010-10-1-0810, N00014-11-1-0006] FX This work is funded by National Science Foundation through two grants (ECCS-0901420 and ECCS-0821658), and Office of Naval Research through two grants (N00010-10-1-0810 and N00014-11-1-0006). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600157 ER PT S AU Ioana, C Zhang, YD Amin, MG Ahmad, F Frazer, G Himed, B AF Ioana, Cornel Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Ahmad, Fauzia Frazer, Gordon Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Time-Frequency Characterization of Micro-Multipath Signals in Over-the-Horizon Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB A challenging task in over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) is the tracking of target altitude. It has been shown that the micro-multipaths due to ocean/ground reflections may reveal important information about the elevation maneuvering of a target. The Doppler signature of such micro-multipath signals is typically composed of three components having close nonlinear time-frequency behaviors. In this paper, we develop novel time-frequency analysis techniques for the characterization of Doppler effect of micro-multipath signals. The proposed method is based on the local analysis of the signal phase, followed by a stationarization operator. In the warped representation domain, the multi-component nonlinear Doppler signatures become stationary, thus allowing the application of spectral analysis tools. The results presented are based on real data and illustrate the potential of the proposed methods. C1 [Ioana, Cornel] Grenoble Inst Technol, GIPSA Lab, Signal Image Dept, St Martin Dheres, France. [Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.; Ahmad, Fauzia] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Frazer, Gordon] Defence Sci & Technol Org, Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Himed, Braham] AFRL, Dayton, OH 4543 USA. RP Ioana, C (reprint author), Grenoble Inst Technol, GIPSA Lab, Signal Image Dept, St Martin Dheres, France. FU Dynetics,Inc.; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX The work of Y.D.Zhang,M.G.Amin,and F.Ahmad is supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics,Inc.for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600123 ER PT S AU Jones, AM Rigling, BD AF Jones, Aaron M. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Planar Frequency Diverse Array Receiver Architecture SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB In this paper, we extend the beamforming theory for frequency diverse arrays (FDA) to planar array geometries and give spatial pattern snapshots from the transmit and receive aspects. This is a natural extension of linear FDA work. Prior to this paper, FDA has only been discussed as either a linear array on transmit or with a receive processing chain that excludes some transmitted signals. We propose a technique that allows all transmitted signals to be seen and processed by each element on receive in a monostatic configuration. C1 [Jones, Aaron M.] USAF, RF Exploitat Technol Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jones, AM (reprint author), USAF, RF Exploitat Technol Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aaron.jones.1@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. This work completed by funding under project #2311. We would also like to thank Mr. Douglas Glass for assisting in the MATLAB visualization technique development. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600027 ER PT S AU Li, KY Uysal, F Pillai, SU Moore, LJ AF Li, Ke Yong Uysal, Faruk Pillai, S. Unnikrishna Moore, Linda J. GP IEEE TI Modified Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Dismount Detection using Synthetic Aperture Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB This paper presents a new adaptive radar signal processing technique for dismount detection using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The new approach uses the complex nature of the Doppler response scattering from the dismounts rotary motion to modify the conventional Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP). This is used for dismount detection wherein resolution is dictated by the sensor system platform. The feasibility of the modified STAP (M-STAP) is demonstrated by simulations and by applying it to the Gotcha data set for dismount detection. C1 [Li, Ke Yong; Uysal, Faruk; Pillai, S. Unnikrishna] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07096 USA. [Pillai, S. Unnikrishna] Polytech Inst NYU, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Moore, Linda J.] AFRL, Sensor Directorate, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Li, KY (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07096 USA. EM kli@cptnj.com; faruk@cptnj.com; linda.moore2@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate under SBIR [FA8650-11-M-1127] FX The work described here was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate under SBIR Contract FA8650-11-M-1127. (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. Public Release Number: 88 ABW-12-1076) NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600022 ER PT S AU Lo Monte, L Parker, JT Vela, R Baker, CJ AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Parker, Jason T. Vela, Russell Baker, Christopher J. GP IEEE TI A Calibration Procedure for Ground-Based RF Tomography SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Ground-based RF Tomography requires accurate calibration to ensure that acceptable image quality is achieved. A calibration scheme that exploits the direct path between any transmitter and receiver pair was presented in [1], valid only when radiators are approximated as Hertzian dipoles. In this work, a generalized calibration procedure that is valid for most antennas is presented. The calibration is achieved by placing a known target slightly outside the area under observation. The known target can be of any shape, as long as numerical/analytical EM predictions are available. Preliminary experimental results are presented. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Parker, Jason T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Vela, Russell] Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH USA. [Baker, Christopher J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600117 ER PT S AU Miranda, A Cheney, M AF Miranda, Analee Cheney, Margaret GP IEEE TI Imaging with waves bounced from a dispersive reflector SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal, and spectral components of multiply scattered waves. We consider the case of multiple fixed sensors viewing a distribution of multiple moving objects (targets) in an environment in which known multipath scattering takes place. In this paper, we investigate the case in which the multipath scattering is also dispersive, i.e., is different for different frequencies. The strategy is to develop a model for the data that includes the sensor positions, transmitted waveforms, and angle-of-departure of the transmitted field. We use this model to develop an imaging method that is a modification of a tomographic, filtered backprojection method that produces a phase-space image. In this work we also analyze the image via a multi-dimensional point-spread function and we identify how the imaging system reacts to parameters such as frequency, number of sensors, and wave path. We demonstrate, through example, that enhanced phase-space resolution for a distribution of stationary targets, in the presence of a dispersive reflector, may be achieved via a tomographic approach with a priori knowledge about the wave path and the nature of the multipath scattering. C1 [Miranda, Analee] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Miranda, A (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM analee.miranda@wpafb.af.mil; cheney@rpi.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory under RF Integrated Systems In-House Research [JON 76221104]; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at ARL DSRC; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0013] FX AM was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under RF Integrated Systems In-House Research Contract Number JON 76221104. AM was also supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at ARL DSRC and AFRL. AM is grateful to the Air Office of Scientific Research for its continued support. MC thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support under AFOSR Contract FA9550-09-1-0013. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600029 ER PT S AU Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI RANK CONSTRAINED ML ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURED COVARIANCE MATRICES WITH APPLICATIONS IN RADAR TARGET DETECTION SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB We consider here the continually important problem of radar target detection in the presence of clutter, noise and jamming. Under complex Gaussian noise statistics, the optimal detection statistic relies on an inversion of the disturbance (clutter + noise and jamming) covariance matrix. The disturbance (and hence clutter) covariance must be estimated in practice from sample, i.e. training observations. Traditional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators are effective when training is abundant but lead to poor estimates and hence high detection error in the realistic regime of limited or small training. The problem is exacerbated by recent advances which have led to high dimensionality N of the observations arising from increased antenna elements (J) as well as higher temporal resolution (P time epochs and finally N - J. P). This work introduces physically inspired constraints into ML estimation. In particular, we exploit both the structure of the disturbance covariance and importantly the knowledge of the clutter rank to yield a new rank constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimator of clutter/disturbance covariance. Experimental validation on the KASSPER data set (where ground truth covariance is made available) shows that the proposed estimator vastly outperforms state-of-the art alternatives in the sense of: 1.) higher normalized signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), and 2.) lower variance of target amplitude estimators that utilize disturbance covariance. Crucially the proposed RCML estimator can excel even for low training including the notoriously difficult regime of K <= N training samples. C1 [Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Monga, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600088 ER PT S AU Park, J Johnson, JT Majurec, N Frankford, M Culpepper, E Reynolds, J Tenbarge, J Westbrook, L AF Park, J. Johnson, J. T. Majurec, N. Frankford, M. Culpepper, E. Reynolds, J. Tenbarge, J. Westbrook, L. GP IEEE TI Software Defined Radar Studies of Human Motion Signatures SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB The detection and monitoring of human motion with radar has numerous applications in surveillance, urban military operations, search-and-rescue, and other areas. Recent studies have shown that movements of humans generate unique micro-Doppler signatures that can be exploited to classify human motions. This motivates an improved understanding of human Doppler signatures. Numerous simulations and measurements of human "dismount" signatures has been performed in the past, but most have been focused on a single radar center-frequency and have not taken polarization effects into consideration. In this paper, human modeling and motion measurements using multiple radar frequencies are proposed to explore the impact of the radar frequency on human range/Doppler signatures. Furthermore, ground effects on human targets are investigated using a four path model. The OSU Software defined radar (SDR) system, which can be tuned from 2GHz to 18 GHz with 500MHz bandwidth, was used for the measurements. This radar can operate at two frequencies simultaneously, allowing for dual frequency human measurements. Also, different polarizations are considered to understand human Doppler signatures. Modeling efforts are based on a finite dielectric cylinder approximation, so that the human body is modeled as a collection of dielectric cylinders. Scattering signatures are computed neglecting scattering interactions among these cylinders. C1 [Park, J.; Johnson, J. T.; Majurec, N.; Frankford, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Culpepper, E.; Reynolds, J.; Tenbarge, J.; Westbrook, L.] Sensor Directorate Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM park.918@osu.edu; Johnson@ece.osu.edu; majurec.1@osu.edu; frankford.7@osu.edu; Edwin.Culpepper@wpafb.af.mil; John.reynolds2@wpafb.af.mil; Joseph.Tenbarge@wpafb.af.mil; Lamar.Westbrook@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research is funded by Air Force Research Laboratory fellowship program NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600110 ER PT S AU Patton, LK Bryant, CA Himed, B AF Patton, Lee K. Bryant, Christine A. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Radar-Centric Design of Waveforms with Disjoint Spectral Support SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect DE sparse waveform; thinned spectrum; spectrally disjoint waveform; radar waveform optimization; constant modulus constraint; ambiguity constraints AB Radar designers seek transmit waveforms that have an acceptable time envelope (modulus), power spectral density, and ambiguity function. However, these three waveform properties are often derived from different sources, which can result in requirement inconsistency. This paper re-examines the design of radar waveforms with disjoint spectral support (also known as sparse frequency or thinned spectrum waveform design) from the perspective of these waveform properties. The conventional multi-objective optimization approach is discarded in favor of constrained nonlinear programming, which can accommodate firm constraints on the waveform modulus and ambiguity function when minimizing transmission energy in specified stop-bands. A novel autocorrelation sequence masking method is used to satisfy the ambiguity constraints. This affords more precise control over range sidelobes than does the more common approach of penalizing integrated sidelobe level. Numeric examples are presented that demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. C1 [Patton, Lee K.; Bryant, Christine A.] Matrix Res, Dayton, OH USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Patton, LK (reprint author), Matrix Res, Dayton, OH USA. EM lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; christine.bryant@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpfb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600049 ER PT S AU Rossler, CW Minardi, MJ Ertin, E Moses, RL AF Rossler, Carl W. Minardi, Michael J. Ertin, Emre Moses, Randolph L. GP IEEE TI Optimal Detectors for Multi-Target Environments SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID ADAPTIVE PULSE-COMPRESSION AB The matched filter is known to be the optimal detector for a single target with known impulse response in white noise. However, many radar systems operate in multi-target environments, for which the matched filter is suboptimal due to modeling mismatch of the background signal. In this paper, we study the hypothesis testing problem of detecting a target at a given range cell while modeling all targets at other range cells as a correlated background process. We consider both deterministic-unknown and random amplitude target models, and derive the corresponding optimal detectors. For the deterministic-unknown signal model, we show that special cases of the optimal detector reduce to ridge regression (a classical solution for inverse problems), sidelobe suppression (a heuristic solution for target detection in multi-target environments), or adaptive pulse compression. The detector resulting from the random amplitude signal model reduces to that of the deterministic signal model for targets modeled as occupying a single range cell. Range-Doppler extension are given. We illustrate the performance of the detector using simulated data and the civilian vehicle data dome set. C1 [Rossler, Carl W.; Ertin, Emre; Moses, Randolph L.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Minardi, Michael J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rossler, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rossler.3@osu.edu RI Ertin, Emre/G-4937-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600175 ER PT S AU Sotirelis, P Parker, JT Fu, M Hu, XY Albanese, R AF Sotirelis, Paul Parker, Jason T. Fu, Michael Hu, Xueyu Albanese, Richard GP IEEE TI A Study of Material Identification using SAR SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB We investigate the feasibility of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to identify materials at each pixel in a SAR image. A fundamental concept underlying our approach is to extract the dispersion of the reflectivity at each pixel by dividing the data into several frequency sub-bands. We first compute synthetic radar data using parameters that are characteristic of a typical wide-band SAR system operating in a spotlight mode and illuminating several scattering regions that differ in their frequency response. Secondly, we process the data by subdividing the full data set into frequency sub-bands thereby extracting the dispersion at each pixel. Third and finally, we perform the material identification using a rudimentary classification analysis. The approach described herein offers a new method for planning experimental data collections for the purpose of material identification through SAR image formation. C1 [Sotirelis, Paul; Parker, Jason T.; Fu, Michael; Hu, Xueyu] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Albanese, Richard] Albanese Defense & Energy Dev Co, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. RP Sotirelis, P (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.sotirelis@wpafb.af.mil; jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; richard.albanese2@gmail.com FU AFOSR FX J.T.P. and R.A. acknowledge support by AFOSR under the direction of Dr. Arje Nachman. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600021 ER PT S AU Stringer, J Lamont, G Akers, G AF Stringer, Jeremy Lamont, Gary Akers, Geoffrey GP IEEE TI Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Determined Radar Phase Codes SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Solving complex real world Multi-Objective Optimization problems is the forte of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA). Such algorithms have been part of many scientific and engineering endeavors. This study applies the NSGA-II and SPEA2 MOEAs to the radar phase coded waveform design problem. The MOEAs are used to generate a series of radar waveform phase codes that have excellent range resolution and Doppler resolution capabilities. The study compares the ability of NSGA-II and SPEA2 to continually evolve (phase code) solutions on the Pareto front for the problem while maintaining a diversity of solutions (phase codes). Results demonstrate that for the radar phase code problem NSGA-II provides a more diverse population of acceptable solutions and therefore a greater number of different viable phase codes when compared to the solutions provided by SPEA2 C1 [Stringer, Jeremy; Lamont, Gary; Akers, Geoffrey] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stringer, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.stringer@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600030 ER PT S AU Thorson, TJ Akers, GA AF Thorson, T. Joel Akers, Geoffrey A. GP IEEE TI Near Real-Time Simultaneous Range and Velocity Processing in a Random Noise Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has developed an ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar (RNR) that operates in the UHF band. The large fractional bandwidth and lack of phase coherency within the AFIT RNR necessitate an alternative to classical Doppler processing for velocity estimation. A time-domain approach to simultaneous range and velocity processing has been implemented in the AFIT RNR but results in significant memory requirements and impractical processing times. This paper presents a method to reduce the two-dimensional (2D) processing time by over an order of magnitude by segmenting the signal processing algorithm in order to parallelize on a graphics processing unit (GPU). C1 [Thorson, T. Joel; Akers, Geoffrey A.] USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorson, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.thorson@afit.edu; geoffrey.akers@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600108 ER PT S AU Vela, R Narayanan, RM Gallagher, KA Rangaswamy, M AF Vela, Russell Narayanan, Ram M. Gallagher, Kyle A. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Noise Radar Tomography SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB While traditionally employed in acoustics, tomographic imaging techniques have made a transition into the microwave regime and are finding application in areas such as ground penetrating radar (GPR). While excitation methods vary depending upon the application, little or no literature exists on the use of an arbitrary noise waveform as an excitation method in tomography. This paper complements the existing literature on tomography by presenting an ultra wideband (UWB) radar design, utilized for tomography, whose excitation source is of an arbitrary noise origin operating from 4 to 8 GHz at a full 4 GHz bandwidth. Evidence of this source's ability to be used in tomography is presented through the generation of two dimensional cross sectional images of three dimensional objects such as metallic and dielectric cylinders in various positions, under both unobscured and concealed conditions. C1 [Vela, Russell] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Narayanan, Ram M.; Gallagher, Kyle A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vela, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Russell.vela.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600132 ER PT S AU Zelnio, AM Rigling, BD AF Zelnio, Anne M. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Detection-Based Localization of Passive Radar Receivers SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID SENSORS; NETWORK AB Passive coherent radar (PCR) is a growing threat to air power. PCRs use ambient signals (e. g., television, FM radio, other radars, etc.) to allow covert operation and thereby make receiver sites virtually undetectable, which complicates the use of conventional countermeasures. We seek to infer information about the receiver location based on the system's behavior, in particular hypothesized knowledge of detection performance as a function of specific aircraft trajectories. Given this detection-only record, the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the receiver position and the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on this estimate are derived. A Monte-Carlo simulation is performed for different detection records validating the MLE and CRB derivations. C1 [Zelnio, Anne M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Zelnio, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anne.zelnio@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600032 ER PT J AU Cherry, M Knopp, J Blodgett, M Grandhi, R AF Cherry, Matthew Knopp, Jeremy Blodgett, Mark Grandhi, Ramana TI Experimental eddy current measurements of flawed edges compared with results from probabilistic numerical models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM) CY SEP 07-09, 2011 CL Naples, ITALY SP Univ Cassino & Lazio Meridionale, Univ Napoli Federico II, Japan Soc Appl Electromagent & Mech, Japan Soc Maintenol, Natl Res Council (CNR), SPIN Inst, Lecroy, Ansys, Infolytica Europe, Cedrat Grp DE Probabilistic; collocation; eddy; current ID VALIDATION AB Eddy current detection of flaws in edges presents challenges in experimental procedures during benchmark studies in the laboratory for model validation as well as practical implementation of a real world detection system. These difficulties result in distortions to the signal that mask the effects from the flawed region itself. Rather than attempting to perfect the experimental setup, we propose to make the numerical models more robust by incorporating randomness in the experimental procedure with uncertainty quantification methods. We present the motivation for the specific method chosen, the probabilistic collocation method (PCM), and the mathematical development behind the method, and then present the results from numerical simulations with a validation measure. C1 [Cherry, Matthew] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy; Blodgett, Mark] USAF, NDE Branch, Res Labs, Dayton, OH USA. [Grandhi, Ramana] Wright State Univ, ME Dept, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Cherry, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1-4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.3233/JAE-2012-1472 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA 017PM UT WOS:000309602700038 ER PT S AU Taylor, CN AF Taylor, Clark N. GP IEEE TI Improved Fusion of Visual Measurements Through Explicit Modeling of Outliers SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION ID RANDOM SAMPLE CONSENSUS; MOTION ESTIMATION AB sd With the recent proliferation of low-cost, lightweight, and high-resolution cameras, significant research has been conducted on utilizing visual sensors within navigation systems. Visual sensors, however, are different from more traditional sensors utilized within estimation systems because cameras do not directly sense the quantity (or its derivative/integral) to be estimated/fused. Instead, the luminance outputs of the camera sensor are processed algorithmically to obtain some other quantity that is used as an input to an estimator. Sample outputs of vision processing algorithms utilized in automated systems include optical flow, feature tracks, or object localization. Unfortunately, the outputs of these algorithms do not conform to the traditional model of the true measurement plus a Gaussian random process. Instead, each of the algorithms occasionally produce spurious outputs (outliers) that deviate significantly from the true value being observed. In addition, the probability of an outlier occurring and its effects on down-stream algorithms are generally unknown. In this paper, we present an estimation approach that explicitly considers the probability of outliers and performs maximum likelihood estimation over a distribution with outliers. In addition to more accurately estimating the final state, the predicted uncertainty of the system is shown to be accurate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Taylor, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 512 EP 517 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900065 ER PT S AU Jurado, J Fisher, K Veth, M AF Jurado, Juan Fisher, Kenneth Veth, Michael GP IEEE TI Inertial and Imaging Sensor Fusion for Image-Aided Navigation with Affine Distortion Prediction SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION AB The Air Force Institute of Technology's Advanced Navigation Technology center has invested significant research time and effort into alternative precision navigation methods in an effort to counteract the increasing dependency on Global Positioning System for precision navigation. The use of visual sensors has since emerged as a valuable and feasible precision navigation alternative which, when coupled with inertial navigation sensors, can reduce navigation estimation errors by approximately two orders of magnitude [1] when compared to inertial-only solutions. A key component of many image-aided navigation algorithms is the requirement to detect and track salient features over many frames of an image sequence. However, feature matching accuracy is drastically reduced when the image sets differ in 3-D pose due to the affine distortions induced on feature descriptors [2]. In this research, this is counteracted by digitally simulating affine distortions on input images in order to calculate more accurate feature descriptors, which provide improved matching across large changes in viewpoint. These techniques are experimentally demonstrated in an outdoor environment with a consumer-grade inertial sensor and three imaging sensors, one of which is orthogonal to the others. False matches generated by using the orthogonal camera are shown to degrade the navigation solution if change in 3-D pose is not accounted for. Using a tactical-grade inertial sensor coupled with GPS position data as the truth source, the improved image-aided navigation algorithm, which accounts for changes in 3-D pose, is shown to reduce navigation errors by 24% in position, 16% in velocity, and 35% in attitude compared to the standard two-camera image-aided navigation setup. C1 [Jurado, Juan; Fisher, Kenneth; Veth, Michael] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jurado, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM juan.jurado@afit.edu; kenneth.fisher@afit.edu; michael.veth@eglin.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 518 EP 526 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900066 ER PT S AU Schnaufer, BA Hwang, P Nadke, J McGraw, GA Venable, D AF Schnaufer, Bernard A. Hwang, Patrick Nadke, Jeremy McGraw, Gary A. Venable, Donald GP IEEE TI Collaborative Image Navigation Simulation and Analysis for UAVs in GPS Challenged Conditions SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION DE collaborative image navigation; positioning; high-fidelity simulation; GPS Denied AB Accurate and robust position, navigation, and time (PNT) data is a key-enabler for multi-platform collaborative sensing for a diverse array of military operations. The AFRL Collaborative Robust Integrated Sensor Positioning (CRISP) program has investigated techniques that leverage shared sensor data to enhance the availability of reliable PNT information for all platforms in a network, particularly those that experience GPS outages, utilizing electro-optical (EO) payload data in conjunction with GPS and inertial data. Rockwell Collins has developed an architecture for enabling continuous navigation capabilities for airborne platforms having disparate sensing capabilities in GPS challenged and denied conditions. In this study program the Rockwell Collins architecture was evaluated via a high-fidelity simulation environment. Navigation performance results for our solution were produced and presented by exercising our simulation with an AFRL-provided dataset. The performance results have shown that our collaborative image navigation architecture and implementation supports extended, GPS-Ievel navigation accuracy in GPS Denied conditions. C1 [Schnaufer, Bernard A.; Hwang, Patrick; Nadke, Jeremy; McGraw, Gary A.] Rockwell Collins, Adv Technol Ctr, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. [Venable, Donald] AF Res Lab, Reference Syst Branch, Dayton, OH USA. RP Schnaufer, BA (reprint author), Rockwell Collins, Adv Technol Ctr, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-11-C-1039] FX Support for this work was provided by the Reference Systems Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory under 729 contract FA8650-11-C-1039. We also acknowledge the important contributions and assistance of Dr. Curtis Padgett and his team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for georeferencing processing functionality. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 719 EP 729 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900093 ER PT S AU Brink, K Soloviev, A AF Brink, Kevin Soloviev, Andrey GP IEEE TI Filter-Based Calibration for an IMU and Multi-Camera System SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION ID OBSERVABILITY ANALYSIS AB Vision-aided Inertial Navigation Systems (vINS) are capable of providing accurate six degree of freedom (6DoF) state estimation for autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the absence of Global Positioning System (GPS) and other global references. Features observed by a camera can be combined with measurements from an inertial measurement unit (lMU) in a filter to estimate the desired vehicle states. To do so, the rigid body transformation between cameras and the IMU must be known with high precision. Extended Kalman filters (EKF) and Unscented Kalman filters (UKF) have been used to calibrate camera and IMU systems requiring only a simple calibration target and moderate IMU-camera motion. T his paper focuses on indoor applications where it is assumed a user is able to easily manipulate the sensor package. We extend the UKF filter to calibrate an IMU paired with an arbitrary number of cameras, with or without overlapping fields of view. C1 [Brink, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Soloviev, Andrey] Univ Florida, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Brink, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM kevin.brink2@eglin.af.mil; soloviev@uft.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 730 EP 739 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900094 ER PT S AU Zhu, Z Roumeliotis, S Hesch, J Park, H Venable, D AF Zhu, Zhen Roumeliotis, Stergios Hesch, Joel Park, Han Venable, Don GP IEEE TI Architecture for Asymmetric Collaborative Navigation SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION DE layered sensing; vision-aided; asymmetric; collaborative navigation AB Under the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Collaborative Robust Integrated Sensor Positioning (CRISP) program, Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC) is designing and building a collaborative navigation system for multiple airborne platforms. The collaborative navigation architecture has been designed to take advantage of AFRL's Layered Sensing construct which enables platforms to share information. In particular, the ability to share GPS, relative range, imagery, geo-registered maps, and other measurements opens up many opportunities to improve the navigational accuracy and the robustness to GPS-denied conditions. In the CRISP program, the collaborative navigation system is being designed to be more robust and accurate by leveraging the asymmetry in the sensing, computation, and communication capabilities of disparate platforms. For example, the system takes advantage of higher performing sensors on the high-flyer (HF) platform, which are less susceptible to jamming, and cameras that generate larger sensor footprint and higher resolution images of the terrain. The low-flyers (LFs) have poorer navigation sensors, are more likely to be jammed, and have a more limited view of the terrain. Under this scenario, the HF may assist one or more LFs such that they, too, can have similar accuracy as the HF in a GPS-denied environment. C1 [Zhu, Zhen; Park, Han] Northrop Grumman Corp, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. [Roumeliotis, Stergios; Hesch, Joel] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Venable, Don] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900099 ER PT S AU Taylor, CN AF Taylor, Clark N. GP IEEE TI An Analysis of Observability-Constrained Kalman Filtering for Vision-Aided Navigation SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION ID SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION AB Significant improvements in the accuracy of navigation state estimation have been previously demonstrated through the fusion of inertial measurement unit (IMU) and visual sensor data in both GPS-denied and GPS-enabled scenarios. Despite this improved navigation state accuracy, several significant hurdles remain before widespread acceptance of vision-aided navigation can be achieved. One significant bottleneck is the lack of accurate information about the performance of the vision-aided navigation algorithms. Many vision-aided navigation algorithms are implemented using some form of the Kalman Filter, thereby returning a covariance estimate that should correspond with the accuracy of the current navigation estimate. Unfortunately, a well known problem with the Kalman Filter is that its covariance estimates are inconsistent, i.e. the Kalman Filter estimates of uncertainty are significantly smaller than the true uncertainty achieved by the Kalman Filter. Recently a set of papers has introduced the concept of "observability-constrained" Kalman filtering that helps solve the consistency problem. In this paper, we apply the observability-constrained Kalman Filter to a vision-aided navigation problem and analyze its results. Significantly more accurate state and uncertainty estimates are achieved using the observability-constrained Kalman Filter. Unfortunately, the it is still not consistent, so a comparison with a batch, bundle adjustment approach is also performed to verify the possibility of consistent uncertainty estimation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Taylor, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 1240 EP 1246 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900153 ER EF