FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Li, YN Wang, MF Urbas, A Li, Q AF Li, Yannian Wang, Mengfei Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI A photoswitchable and thermally stable axially chiral dithienylperfluorocyclopentene dopant with high helical twisting power SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MOLECULAR SWITCHES; PHOTOCHROMIC FULGIDE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BLUE REFLECTION; PHOTON MODE; DIARYLETHENE; DERIVATIVES; PITCH; CONFORMATION AB A chiral dithienylperfluorocyclopentene molecule bearing two bridged binaphthyl units was designed and synthesized by a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between chiral binaphthyl iodide and dithienylperfluorocyclopentene-derived bis(boronic ester). Its photoresponsive properties were investigated in both organic solvent and liquid crystal media. The UV-vis spectra exhibited typical photochromic changes of diarylethenes upon UV irradiation. The CD spectral changes upon light irradiation indicated that the conformation of binaphthyl units and the chiroptical properties of this molecule could be modulated by light. More importantly, when using as a chiral dopant in nematic liquid crystals, this molecule could induce cholesteric liquid crystals with very high helical twisting powers. At very low doping concentrations, this dopant was able to induce a reversible isothermal phase transition between nematic and cholesteric phases upon light irradiation. The photochemical control of the pitch length of cholesteric phases at higher doping concentrations enabled the reversible reflection wavelength control in the visible region. Superior thermal stability and excellent fatigue resistance were also observed during the photoswitching process, which are important properties for applications. C1 [Li, Yannian; Wang, Mengfei; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab WPAFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, YN (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254, FA9550-09-1-0193] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254 and FA9550-09-1-0193). NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 25 BP 3917 EP 3923 DI 10.1039/c3tc30611a PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158QU UT WOS:000319988200004 ER PT J AU Cash, JJ Davis, MC Ford, MD Groshens, TJ Guenthner, AJ Harvey, BG Lamison, KR Mabry, JM Meylemans, HA Reams, JT Sahagun, CM AF Cash, Jessica J. Davis, Matthew C. Ford, Michael D. Groshens, Thomas J. Guenthner, Andrew J. Harvey, Benjamin G. Lamison, Kevin R. Mabry, Joseph M. Meylemans, Heather A. Reams, Josiah T. Sahagun, Christopher M. TI High T-g thermosetting resins from resveratrol SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CYANATE ESTER RESIN; POLYCYANURATE NETWORKS; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; THERMAL-STABILITY; CURE KINETICS; POLYMERS; FLEXIBILITY; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS AB The tricyanate esters of the natural product resveratrol (1) and dihydroresveratrol (2) were synthesized and subjected to thermal curing which gave polycyanurate network polymers which exhibited glass transition temperatures of >340 degrees C and 334 degrees C, respectively. Thermal decomposition temperatures of 412 degrees C and 403 degrees C for polycyanurates of 1 and 2, respectively, were typical of this class. However, char yields (600 degrees C) of 71% and 66% for 1 and 2, respectively, were more than double that from the polycyanurate of bisphenol A dicyanate (25%). C1 [Cash, Jessica J.; Davis, Matthew C.; Ford, Michael D.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Harvey, Benjamin G.; Meylemans, Heather A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Lamison, Kevin R.; Mabry, Joseph M.; Reams, Josiah T.; Sahagun, Christopher M.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil; andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, in part through the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program FX This research was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, in part through the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program (CMS). Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead, Mary E. Ray and Cynthia M. Kitchens of the NAWC Technical Library (China Lake) for collecting several of the references. NR 86 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 13 BP 3859 EP 3865 DI 10.1039/c3py00438d PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 157HS UT WOS:000319887700026 ER PT S AU Nathan, V AF Nathan, Vaidya BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Dark Current in GaAs/AlXGa1-XAs Quantum Well Infrared Detectors SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices X CY FEB 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL; PHOTODETECTORS; SUPERLATTICES; RESPONSIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB It is not clear whether the tunneling current in QWIPs depends just on the energy corresponding to motion perpendicular to the plane of the quantum well or on the total energy. In order to get a quantitative assessment of the contribution of energy corresponding to motion in the plane of the quantum well to the dark current we use the following approach. We calculate the dark current in GaAs/AlxGa1-x s quantum well infrared detectors for both tunneling dependent only on E-z, and tunneling dependent on the total energy, and compare the results to experimental data. Comparison of theoretical results with experimental data at 40K shows that motion in the plane of the quantum well plays a significant role in determining the tunneling dark current. Corrections are made to Levine's original formula. Variation of the dark current with barrier width and doping density is systematically studied. It is shown that increasing the barrier width and/or decreasing the doping density in the well do not always reduce the dark current. C1 USAF, Res Lab RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nathan, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RVSS, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9400-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8631 AR UNSP 86310T DI 10.1117/12.2000563 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BFG30 UT WOS:000319759100014 ER PT J AU Zhan, ZY Zhou, B Fu, ZH Bright, FV Cartwright, AN Bartsch, CM Titus, AH AF Zhan, Zhiyong Zhou, Bin Fu, Zhenhong Bright, Frank V. Cartwright, Alexander N. Bartsch, Carrie M. Titus, Albert H. TI Filterless optical oxygen sensor based on a CMOS buried double junction photodiode SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Oxygen sensor; CMOS photodetectors; Filterless color detection; DNA-CTMA sensor ID ELEMENTS; ARRAY; CHIP AB We present a custom CMOS IC with a buried double junction (BDJ) photodiode to detect and process the optical signal, eliminating the need for any off-chip optical filters. The on-chip signal processing circuitry improves the desired signal extraction from the optical background noise. Since the IC is manufactured using standard commercial fabrication processes with no post-processing necessary, the system can ultimately be low cost to fabricate. Additionally, because of the CMOS integration, it will consume little power when operating, and even less during stand-by. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhan, Zhiyong; Zhou, Bin; Cartwright, Alexander N.; Titus, Albert H.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fu, Zhenhong] OmniVis Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Bartsch, Carrie M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Titus, AH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ahtitus@eng.buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008; zhan, zhiyong/G-8295-2016; OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036; zhan, zhiyong/0000-0002-9990-3255; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0848171] FX This research is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number CHE-0848171 (to FVB). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 176 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2012.07.046 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 157AM UT WOS:000319867500100 ER PT S AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Davydov, A Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Davydov, Albert Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav BE Lebedev, AA Davydov, SY Ivanov, PA Levinshtein, ME TI Vapor-phase catalyst delivery method for growing SiC nanowires SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2012 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2012) CY SEP 02-06, 2012 CL Saint Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Nitride Crystals Grp, CREE Inc, Svetlana JSC, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Off Naval Res, Epitaxial Technol Ctr, LPE, Perfect Crystals, AIXTRON, Gen Elect, Dow Corn, Govt St Petersburg DE nanowires; epitaxial growth; CVD; chemical vapor deposition ID GROWTH AB A method was developed for growing SiC nanowires without depositing a metal catalyst on the targeted surfaces prior to the CVD growth. The proposed method utilizes in-situ vapor-phase catalyst delivery via sublimation of the catalyst from a metal source placed in the hot zone of the CVD reactor, followed by condensation of the catalyst-rich vapor on the bare substrate surface to form the catalyst nanoparticles. The vapor-phase catalyst delivery and the resulting nanowire density was found to be influenced by both the gas flow rate and the catalyst diffusion through the boundary layer above the catalyst source. The origin of undesirable bushes of nanowires and the role of the C/Si ratio were established. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Davydov, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rk219@msstate.edu; bharat.kris@gmail.com; albert.davydov@nist.gov; Joseph.Merrett@wpafb.af.mil; ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2013 VL 740-742 BP 209 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.740-742.209 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BFG56 UT WOS:000319785500050 ER PT B AU Odejide, OO Bentley, ES Kondi, LP Matyjas, JD AF Odejide, Olusegun O. Bentley, Elizabeth S. Kondi, Lisimachos P. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Resource Management in Visual Sensor Networks using Nash Bargaining Solution in Generalized Fading SO 2013 IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (CCNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) CY JAN 11-14, 2013 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE DE visual sensor network; cross layer optimization; Nash bargaining solution; game theory; multipath fading; particle swarm optimization; moment generating function ID POWER-CONTROL; CDMA SYSTEMS AB In this paper we consider the problem of resource management for a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) wireless Visual Sensor Network (VSN) in a generalized fading environment. In a VSN application, the primary goal is ensuring that maximum video quality is achieved in spite of the prevailing network resource constraints. The Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) was used in determining the transmission power and source and channel coding rates for each node. The nodes in the network negotiate in order to determine their transmission parameters. The task is to optimize the transmission powers (which are continuous) and the source and channel coding rates (which are discrete) for all the network nodes. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to solve the mixed-integer optimization that arises. The analysis was carried out for a myriad of wireless multipath fading environments using a unified moment generating function (MGF) approach. C1 [Odejide, Olusegun O.; Bentley, Elizabeth S.; Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kondi, Lisimachos P.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Comp Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Odejide, OO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-3133-3; 978-1-4673-4735-8 PY 2013 BP 283 EP 287 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEZ77 UT WOS:000318943600042 ER PT S AU Lukawska, A Jagoo, Z Kozlowski, G Turgut, Z Kosai, H Sheets, A Bixel, T Wheatley, A Abdulkin, P Knappett, B Houlding, T Degirmenci, V AF Lukawska, A. Jagoo, Z. Kozlowski, G. Turgut, Z. Kosai, H. Sheets, A. Bixel, T. Wheatley, A. Abdulkin, P. Knappett, B. Houlding, T. Degirmenci, V. BE Ochsner, A Belova, I Murch, G TI AC Magnetic Heating of Superparamagnetic Fe and Co Nanoparticles SO HEAT TRANSFER PROCESSES IN ENGINEERING MATERIALS SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE iron; cobalt; superparamagnetism; magnetic nanoparticles; hyperthermia; critical sizes ID CANCER-THERAPY; HYPERTHERMIA AB AC magnetic heating of superparamagnetic Co and Fe nanoparticles for application in hyperthermia was measured to find a size of nanoparticles that would result in an optimal heating for given amplitude and frequency of ac externally applied magnetic field. To measure it, a custom-made power supply connected to a 20-turn insulated copper coil in the shape of a spiral solenoid cooled with water was used. A fiber-optic temperature sensor has been used to measure the temperature with an accuracy of 0.0001 K. The magnetic field with magnitude of 20.6 mu T and a frequency of oscillation equal to 348 kHz was generated inside the coil to heat magnetic nanoparticles. The maximum specific power loss or the highest heating rate for Co magnetic nanoparticles was achieved for nanoparticles of 8.2 nm in diameter. The maximum heating rate for coated Fe was found for nanoparticles with diameter of 18.61 nm. C1 [Lukawska, A.; Jagoo, Z.; Kozlowski, G.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Turgut, Z.; Kosai, H.; Sheets, A.; Bixel, T.] AFRL, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wheatley, A.; Abdulkin, P.; Knappett, B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Houlding, T.; Degirmenci, V.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Lukawska, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Col Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lukawska.2@wright.edu; zafrullah.jagoo@gmail.com; gregory.kozlowski@wright.edu; turgut.zafer@wpafb.af.mil; hiroyuki.kosai@wpafb.af.mil; alexander.sheets@wpafb.af.mil; tyler.bixel@wpafb.af.mil; aehw2@cam.ac.uk; pa261@cam.ac.uk; bk324@cam.ac.uk; thomashoulding@gmail.com; v.degirmenci@qub.ac.uk RI Degirmenci, Volkan/M-5086-2013 OI Degirmenci, Volkan/0000-0003-2550-1875 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2013 VL 336 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.336.159 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFB28 UT WOS:000319083100019 ER PT J AU Mailloux, RJ Santarelli, SG AF Mailloux, Robert J. Santarelli, Scott G. TI Mutual Coupling Effects and Their Compensation in a Time-Delay Scanned Array of Irregular Subarrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arrays; irregular-shaped subarrays; mutual coupling; polyomino subarrays; random arrays AB A well-known array broadbanding technique employs rectangular subarrays to introduce time delay into phase scanned arrays. This practice results in large quantization lobes that grow with scan and frequency offset. Previous studies have shown that in the absence of mutual coupling, the use of irregular subarrays can eliminate these quantization lobes without significantly increasing the average sidelobe level. However, there has remained some concern that the phase discontinuity between subarrays would, through mutual coupling, further distort the aperture distribution and increase array sidelobes and reflections. This letter addresses the effect of mutual coupling in arrays of time-delayed subarrays and shows that the pattern distortion caused by mutual coupling in bandwidth systems is relatively small compared to the quantization lobes and can be completely eliminated at any one frequency (for "single mode" radiating elements) by selecting the proper incident voltage to compensate for the coupling. After compensation, any remaining sidelobes are due to the subarray phase discontinuity and are identical to those with mutual coupling neglected. C1 [Santarelli, Scott G.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM mrmailloux@comcast.net; sc0ttyb0y@comcast.net FU Air Force Office of Scientific FX This work was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2261372 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 154MN UT WOS:000319679900001 ER PT J AU Miller, HA Kusel, BS Danielson, ST Neat, JW Avjian, EK Pierson, SN Budy, SM Ball, DW Iacono, ST Kettwich, SC AF Miller, Hannah A. Kusel, Bradley S. Danielson, Seth T. Neat, James W. Avjian, Eryn K. Pierson, Scott N. Budy, Stephen M. Ball, David W. Iacono, Scott T. Kettwich, Sharon C. TI Metastable nanostructured metallized fluoropolymer composites for energetics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; PASSIVATION; COMBUSTION; STABILITY; COATINGS; SURFACE AB Fluoropolymers have long served as potent oxidizers for metal-based pyrolant designs for the preparation of energetic materials. Commercial perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), specifically known as Fomblins (R), are well-known to undergo accelerated thermal degradation in the presence of native metals and Lewis acids producing energetically favorable metal fluoride species. This study employs the use of PFPEs to coat nano-aluminum (n-Al) and under optimized stoichiometric formulations, harness optimized energy output. The PFPEs serve as ideal oxidizers of n-Al because they are non-volatile, viscous liquids that coat the particles thereby maximizing surface interactions. The n-Al/PFPE blended combination is required to interface with an epoxy-based matrix in order to engineer a moldable/machinable, structurally viable epoxy composite without compromising bulk thermal/mechanical properties. Computational modeling/simulation supported by thermal experimental studies showed that the n-Al/PFPE blended epoxy composites produced an energetic material that undergoes latent thermal metal-mediated oxidation. Details of the work include the operationally simple, scalable synthetic preparation, thermal properties from DSC/TGA, and SEM/TEM of these energetic metallized nanocomposite systems. Post-burn analysis using powder XRD of this pyrolant system confirms the presence of the predominating exothermic metal-mediated oxidized AlF3 species in addition to the production of Al2O3 and Al4C3 during the deflagration reaction. Details of this first epoxy-based energetic nanocomposite entrained with a thermally reactive formulation of PFPE coated n-Al particles are presented herein. C1 [Miller, Hannah A.; Kusel, Bradley S.; Danielson, Seth T.; Neat, James W.; Avjian, Eryn K.; Pierson, Scott N.; Iacono, Scott T.; Kettwich, Sharon C.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Miller, Hannah A.; Kusel, Bradley S.; Danielson, Seth T.; Neat, James W.; Avjian, Eryn K.; Pierson, Scott N.; Iacono, Scott T.; Kettwich, Sharon C.] USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Budy, Stephen M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ball, David W.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Miller, HA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu; sharon.kettwich@usafa.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin Air Force Base; US Air Force Academy [FA7000-10-2-0038] FX The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr JoAn Hudson and George Wetzel (Clemson University Electron Microscopy Facility) for the SEM and TEM images. SCK acknowledges funding for this work made available by Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin Air Force Base, sponsored by the US Air Force Academy under agreement number FA7000-10-2-0038. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 24 BP 7050 EP 7058 DI 10.1039/c3ta11603d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152IS UT WOS:000319525900011 ER PT S AU Sheng, Q Guha, S AF Sheng, Qin Guha, Shekhar BE Li, J Yang, HT Machorro, E TI A compact splitting scheme approach on nonuniform grids SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Scientific Computing and Applications CY APR 01-04, 2012 CL Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV SP UNLV, Dept Math Sci HO Univ Nevada DE Compact finite difference scheme; splitting method; nonuniform grids AB The strategy of compact schemes has been extremely popular in recent years. Most of such approaches are carried out together with straightforward finite difference approximations on uniform grids without splitting or adaptations. This paper explores a second order compact splitting method for computing the numerical solution of a two-dimensional paraxial Helmholtz equation on nonuniform transverse grids. Discussions and analysis of the numerical stability are given. Simulated examples are presented for illustrating our study. C1 [Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg DIRECTORATE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sheng, Q (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM qin_sheng@baylor.edu; shekhar.guha@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL [FA-8650-11-D-5400] FX The first author was supported in part by an AFRL Grant #FA-8650-11-D-5400. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-8737-0 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2013 VL 586 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1090/conm/586/11642 PG 3 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BFD22 UT WOS:000319240200033 ER PT J AU Hocking, HE Burggraf, LW Duan, XFF Gardella, JA Yatzor, BP Schuler, WA AF Hocking, Hannah E. Burggraf, Larry W. Duan, Xiaofeng F. Gardella, Joseph A., Jr. Yatzor, Brett P. Schuler, Wesley A. TI Composition of uranium oxide particles related to TOF-SIMS ion distributions SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conferenceon Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVIII) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL Trento, ITALY DE uranium oxide; TOF-SIMS; density functional quantum mechanics; oxidation; oxygen dissociation energy; stability AB Uranium oxide particles tens of micrometers in size, including natural and depleted UO2, U3O8, and UO3 were analyzed using an IONTOF V time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) V. Particulate samples were mounted on gold substrates made using a novel technique that reduced hydrocarbon contamination and volatile outgassing as well as provided an internal standard of Au-x ion peaks to calibrate high masses. For UO2 surfaces, the dominant U3Ox and U4Oy cations were U3O6+ and U4O8+, whereas for both U3O8 and UO3 surfaces, they were U3O7+ and U4O9+. Secondary ion abundance ratios contained additional information about the chemical composition of the sample related to the relative stability of the cluster ions. Relative stabilities of the most stable cation isomers corresponding to masses observed in SIMS spectra were calculated using high-level density functional theory in order to compare ion stabilities to TOF-SIMS intensity distributions. Cation isomers having high oxygen content were doublets, and those having low oxygen content were quartet spin states. Depth profile trends for 'protonation' ratio and 'lattice valence', as defined by Plog, Wiedmann, and Benninghoven, were used to distinguish U3O8 from UO3. Cations containing a greater number of uranium atoms were also found to have a lower protonation ratio. UO2 and U3O8 surfaces show a steeper reduction in protonation ratio compared to UO3 surfaces which exhibit a nearly constant near-surface protonation ratio followed by a more gradual smaller decline with depth. We interpret secondary ion distribution results using density functional quantum mechanics calculations comparing the relative stability of cations and anions for different oxygen atom environments. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hocking, Hannah E.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng F.] USAF, Res Lab, DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gardella, Joseph A., Jr.; Yatzor, Brett P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Schuler, Wesley A.] NASIC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Larry.Burggraf@afit.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 SI SI BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1002/sia.5114 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 145WB UT WOS:000319048700139 ER PT J AU Mullis, TR AF Mullis, Tony R. BE Willbanks, JH TI Douglas MacArthur SO GENERALS OF THE ARMY: MARSHALL, MACARTHUR EISENHOWER, ARNOLD, BRADLEY SE American Warriors Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mullis, Tony R.] USA, Dept Mil Hist, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] USAF Acad, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Troy Univ, Troy, AL USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Benedictine Coll, Atchison, KS 66002 USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Tiffin Univ, Tiffin, OH USA. [Mullis, Tony R.] Auburn Univ, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA. RP Mullis, TR (reprint author), USA, Dept Mil Hist, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-4212-8 J9 AMER WARRIOR SER PY 2013 BP 63 EP 111 PG 49 WC History SC History GA BEU67 UT WOS:000318222200005 ER PT J AU Kim, SS Hisey, CL Kuang, ZF Comfort, DA Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Kim, Steve S. Hisey, Colin L. Kuang, Zhifeng Comfort, Donald A. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI The effect of single wall carbon nanotube metallicity on genomic DNA-mediated chirality enrichment SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; DIAMETER AB Achieving highly enriched single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is one of the major hurdles today because their chirality-dependent properties must be uniform and predictable for use in nanoscale electronics. Due to the unique wrapping and groove-binding mechanism, DNA has been demonstrated as a highly specific SWNT dispersion and fractionation agent, with its enrichment capabilities depending on the DNA sequence and length as well as the nanotube properties. Salmon genomic DNA (SaDNA) offers an inexpensive and scalable alternative to synthetic DNA. In this study, SaDNA enrichment capabilities were tested on SWNT separation with varying degrees of metallicity that were formulated from mixtures of commercial metallic (met-) and semiconducting (sem-) abundant SWNTs. The results herein demonstrate that the degree of metallicity of the SWNT sample has a significant effect on the SaDNA enrichment capabilities, and this effect is modeled based on deconvolution of the near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra and verified with photoluminescence emission (PLE) measurements. Using molecular dynamics and circular dichroism, the preferential SaDNA mediated separation of the (6, 5) sem-tube is shown to be largely influenced by the presence of met-SWNTs. C1 [Kim, Steve S.; Hisey, Colin L.; Kuang, Zhifeng; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hisey, Colin L.; Comfort, Donald A.] Univ Dayton, Chem & Mat Engn Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil OI Comfort, Donald/0000-0003-4722-0898 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Base Research Laboratory (AFRL/RX); University of Dayton Minority Leaders Program FX Funding for this research was provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Base Research Laboratory (AFRL/RX), and the University of Dayton Minority Leaders Program. The authors thank Dr Grote at AFRL/RX and Prof. Ogata at Chitose Institute of Science and Technology in Japan for kindly providing materials; Ms Issa and Prof. Browning at the University of Dayton for their technical support and helpful discussions. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 4931 EP 4936 DI 10.1039/c3nr00458a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 145IL UT WOS:000319008700047 PM 23624632 ER PT S AU Lukishova, SG Winkler, JM Bissell, LJ Stroud, CR AF Lukishova, Svetlana G. Winkler, Justin M. Bissell, Luke J. Stroud, Carlos R., Jr. BE Chien, LC Broer, DJ Chigrinov, V Yoon, TH TI Resonance in quantum dot fluorescence on a band-edge of a 1-D photonic bandgap cholesteric structure under cw-laser excitation SO EMERGING LIQUID CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Photonics West Conference on Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies VIII CY FEB 05-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dots in cholesteric liquid crystals; cw lasing in cholesteric liquid crystal; circularly polarized fluorescence from quantum dots in cholesteric liquid crystal; cholesteric microcavity resonance; photon antibunching; polarized single-photon sources ID CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED EMISSION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL MATERIALS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; HIGH-POWER; STOP BAND; DYE; HOST; GAP AB Microcavity resonance is demonstrated in nanocrystal quantum dot fluorescence in a 1-D chiral photonic bandgap cholesteric liquid crystal host. The resonance demonstrates coupling between quantum dot fluorescence and the cholesteric microcavity. Observed at a band edge of a photonic stopband, this resonance has circular polarization due to microcavity chirality with 4.9 times intensity enhancement in comparison with polarization of the opposite handedness. The circular polarization dissymmetry factor g(e) of this resonance is similar to 1.3. We also demonstrate photon antibunching of a single quantum dot in a similar glassy cholesteric microcavity. These results are important in cholesteric laser research, in which so far only dyes under pulsed excitation were used, as well as for room-temperature single-photon source applications. C1 [Lukishova, Svetlana G.; Stroud, Carlos R., Jr.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Winkler, Justin M.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bissell, Luke J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 15433 USA. RP Lukishova, SG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM sluk@lle.rochester.edu FU NSF [ECS-0420888, EHR-0633621, EHR-0920500]; DoD SMART; NASA STR FX We thank K. Marshall for access to the LC clean room of the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. This work was supported by the NSF (ECS-0420888, EHR-0633621 and EHR-0920500). L.B. was supported by the DoD SMART fellowship. J.W. is supported by a NASA STR fellowship NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9411-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8642 AR 86420T DI 10.1117/12.2021405 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics GA BEX56 UT WOS:000318542600023 ER PT J AU Jennings, AL Black, J Allen, C AF Jennings, A. L. Black, J. Allen, C. TI Empirically bounding of space booms with tape spring hinges SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Aerospace; space structures; deployment; empirical modeling; large deflection; nonlinear structures ID AWAY-SPECIAL EXPERIMENT; DESIGN; SYSTEM; FOLDS AB Self-deploying structures seek to provide a compact launch package for large, lightweight satellite booms. One self-deploying method is a foldable tape spring. This paper examines the large scale behavior of a boom attached by a tape spring hinge during mock deployments. A boom attached by tape spring to a rigid stand was released and the boom bounced up to 60 degrees before coming to rest (as opposed to snap-through behavior). These large amplitude bounces can cause the boom to collide with sensors, other booms or arrays causing damage or preventing full deployment. Results show the first bounce of deployment is nearly bounded by a four parameter ellipse. The ellipses of similar folds are similar also, suggesting that a model can be developed. Free-fall tests simulating the free-free condition found in microgravity also show similar elliptical motion. Envelopes that bound the extents of the boom motion allow for collisions to be prevented by adjustment of the design. C1 [Jennings, A. L.; Black, J.; Allen, C.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jennings, AL (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, 2905 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Jennings@afit.edu RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding support. We would also like to thank Dr. Ronald Tuttle of the Physics Department for hardware and laboratory support and Mr. Daniel Magree of Georgia Tech, Mr. Thomas Hunt Pace of Virginia Military Institute, Alexander T. Trinh of Trinity University for exploratory testing and programming. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 BP 503 EP 518 DI 10.3233/SAV-130764 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 142LO UT WOS:000318799100011 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Optimal thickness distributions of aeroelastic flapping shells SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flapping wing; Aeroelasticity; Tailoring; Sensitivity analysis ID VORTEX-LATTICE METHOD; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SPANWISE FLEXIBILITY; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS; FLIGHT; WINGS; AERODYNAMICS; CHORDWISE AB The severe weight limitations of flapping wing micro air vehicles necessitates the use of thin flexible wings, which in turn requires an aeroelastic modeling tool for proper numerical characterization. Furthermore, due to the unconventional nature of these vehicles, wing design guidelines for thrust and/or power considerations are not generally available; numerical design optimization then becomes a valuable tool. This work couples a nonlinear shell model to an unsteady vortex lattice solver, and then computes analytical design gradients: the derivative of aerodynamic force/power quantities with respect to a large vector of thickness variables. Gradient-based optimization is then used to locate the wing structure that maximizes the thrust, or minimizes the power under a thrust constraint, for a variety of shell boundary conditions. Changes in the topological features of the optimal wing thicknesses highlight important aeroelastic interactions that can be exploited for efficient flapping wings. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR]; National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr. Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo). The research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2011.10.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131LO UT WOS:000317995400013 ER PT S AU Smith, AR Colombi, JM Wirthlin, JR AF Smith, Andrew R. Colombi, John M. Wirthlin, Joseph R. BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Rapid development: A content analysis comparison of literature and purposive sampling of rapid reaction projects SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Defense Acquisition; Systems Engineering; Rapid Development; Rapid Reaction; Air Force Research Laboratory AB In the current environment of military operations requesting short development timelines to counter insurgent tactics, the engineering team often searches for ways to deliver the "80% solution", typically in 6-12 months. These are labeled rapid development projects. A content analysis of best practices in commercial product development literature, where time to market is often a driving factor, was accomplished showing varying emphasis of systems engineering (SE) technical and technical management processes. This analysis confirms a preconceived notion of "plan upfront and early" by emphasizing Stakeholder Requirements Definition, Architecture Design and Technical Planning. A purposive sampling of Air Force Research Laboratory rapid development project managers and engineers was conducted to identify important SE processes and then compared to the literature content analysis. The results of this sampling did not strongly emphasize one process over another, however Architecture Design and Implementation scored higher among Technical Processes. Decision Analysis, Technical Planning, Technical Assessment and Data Management scored slightly higher among Technical Management Processes. Anecdotal evidence also emphasized iterating prototype designs based on early customer feedback, focusing mostly on managing critical risks and holding frequent early reviews until trust is built in the team. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Smith, Andrew R.] USAF, Lifecycle Management Ctr, 2640 Loop Rd West, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.; Wirthlin, Joseph R.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), USAF, Lifecycle Management Ctr, 2640 Loop Rd West, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.smith3@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.050 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600050 ER PT S AU O'Connell, P Wirthlin, JR Malas, J Soni, S AF O'Connell, Phillip Wirthlin, J. Robert Malas, James Soni, Som BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Application of Systems Engineering to USAF Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Systems Engineering (SE); Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR); process tailoring; checklist AB The US Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is a vital element of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) portfolio. The SBIR program funds early-stage R& D projects at small technology companies that support a US Department of Defense (DoD) need and have the potential for commercialization in private sector and/or military markets. We report on research measuring the application of Systems Engineering (SE) and the degree of Systems Engineering applied in SBIR projects through analysis of subject-matter expert (SME) interviews. SMEs were sampled from AFRL as well as other USAF organizations. The research methodology assessed the current application of SE in SBIR as well the SE expectations government offices have for SBIR projects. The research specifically examined current US DoD and US Air Force Systems Engineering Policy and found that it does not adequately address SBIR projects. SE processes are not well documented within the community. We then identified applicable SE tasks found in Air Force SE policy and suggest a tailored Systems Engineering approach for SBIR projects. We present a SBIR SE checklist recommended for use by SBIR program managers tailored according to the phase and scope of any SBIR project. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Wirthlin, J. Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [O'Connell, Phillip] USAF, Lifecycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Malas, James] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soni, Som] AdTech Syst Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Wirthlin, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.wirthlin@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 621 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.065 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600065 ER PT S AU Ryan, E Jacques, D Ritschel, J Colombi, J AF Ryan, E. Jacques, D. Ritschel, J. Colombi, J. BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI A Cost-Based Decision Tool for Valuing DoD System Design Options SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Life Cycle Cost; Decision Analysis; Stochastic Model; Uncertainty; Affordability ID REAL OPTIONS; FLEXIBILITY; PERSPECTIVE AB The DoD has frequently demonstrated its ability to procure phenomenal systems; however, these accomplishments are often tarnished by substantial cost and schedule overruns. While defense acquisition policies are continually being revised to address these perennial problems, many believe that a more fundamental source of these overruns is the lack of flexibility in the systems being developed, which tend to preclude effective responses to unexpected events. However, providing justification to invest in flexibility is a tough sell when the measure of value is a military capability or political outcome, as there is no extant method to demonstrate the potential return on investment. This paper introduces a decision tool for valuing the inherent ability of different systems or designs to respond to uncertainty. The proposed tool is essentially a modification of the current life cycle cost model and is premised on the notion that the need for capability changes in a system arises in a stochastic manner that can be incorporated into a continually updated, expected value model presented in terms of total life cycle cost. The cost-based decision tool presented here quantifies the ability of competing designs to respond to these capability changes via a cumulative distribution function (CDF). The design with the most favorable CDF (i.e., the one that is most likely to meet the most likely set of requirements at the lowest expected value curve of life cycle cost) is deemed to be the "best" design. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Ryan, E.; Jacques, D.; Ritschel, J.; Colombi, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erin.ryan@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 1180 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.124 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600124 ER PT J AU Karacolak, T Thirumalai, RVKG Merrett, JN Koshka, Y Topsakal, E AF Karacolak, Tutku Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav Topsakal, Erdem TI Silicon Carbide (SiC) Antennas for High-Temperature and High-Power Applications SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE High-temperature and high-power applications; microstrip patch antenna; silicon carbide (SiC) AB The main objective of this letter is to evaluate semi-insulating silicon carbide (SiC) material as a candidate for dielectric substrate for patch antennas, with a long-term potential for monolithic antenna integration on a SiC semiconductor chip, operation in extreme environments, and other applications. First, computer-aided design of microstrip patch antennas operating at 10 GHz was conducted. The antenna designs were implemented using semi-insulating SiC substrates and gold ground planes and patches. A good agreement between the experimental results and simulation was obtained at the band of operation. Return loss and radiation patterns were investigated. As future work, a possibility of utilizing highly conductive (heavily doped) SiC epitaxial layers as the ground planes and radiating patches were investigated using computer simulations. C1 [Karacolak, Tutku; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Topsakal, Erdem] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Karacolak, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Vancouver, WA 98696 USA. EM topsakal@ece.msstate.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2251599 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 128NU UT WOS:000317776700003 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Poh, G Odstrcil, D Arge, CN Benna, M Johnson, CL Korth, H Gershman, DJ Ho, GC McClintock, WE Cassidy, TA Merkel, A Raines, JM Schriver, D Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Travnicek, PM Winslow, RM Zurbuchen, TH AF Baker, Daniel N. Poh, Gangkai Odstrcil, Dusan Arge, C. Nick Benna, Mehdi Johnson, Catherine L. Korth, Haje Gershman, Daniel J. Ho, George C. McClintock, William E. Cassidy, Timothy A. Merkel, Aimee Raines, Jim M. Schriver, David Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Travnicek, Pavel M. Winslow, Reka M. Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI Solar wind forcing at Mercury: WSA-ENLIL model results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONE MODEL; INSTRUMENT; CME; INTERPLANETARY; SPECTROMETER; SUBSTORMS AB Analysis and interpretation of observations from the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit about Mercury require knowledge of solar wind "forcing" parameters. We have utilized the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-ENLIL solar wind modeling tool in order to calculate the values of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength (B), solar wind velocity (V) and density (n), ram pressure (similar to nV(2)), cross-magnetosphere electric field (V x B), Alfven Mach number (M-A), and other derived quantities of relevance for solar wind-magnetosphere interactions. We have compared upstream MESSENGER IMF and solar wind measurements to see how well the ENLIL model results compare. Such parameters as solar wind dynamic pressure are key for determining the Mercury magnetopause standoff distance, for example. We also use the relatively high-time-resolution B-field data from MESSENGER to estimate the strength of the product of the solar wind speed and southward IMF strength (B-s) at Mercury. This product VBs is the electric field that drives many magnetospheric dynamical processes and can be compared with the occurrence of energetic particle bursts within the Mercury magnetosphere. This quantity also serves as input to the global magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic magnetosphere models that are being used to explore magnetospheric and exospheric processes at Mercury. Moreover, this modeling can help assess near-real-time magnetospheric behavior for MESSENGER or other mission analysis and/or ground-based observational campaigns. We demonstrate that this solar wind forcing tool is a crucial step toward bringing heliospheric science expertise to bear on planetary exploration programs. Citation: Baker, D. N., et al. (2013), Solar wind forcing at Mercury: WSA-ENLIL model results, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 45-57, doi:10.1029/2012JA018064. C1 [Baker, Daniel N.; Poh, Gangkai; McClintock, William E.; Cassidy, Timothy A.; Merkel, Aimee] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Poh, Gangkai; Gershman, Daniel J.; Raines, Jim M.; Slavin, James A.; Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arge, C. Nick] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, Catherine L.; Winslow, Reka M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Johnson, Catherine L.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Korth, Haje; Ho, George C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Travnicek, Pavel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Daniel.Baker@LASP.colorado.edu RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014; Ho, George/G-3650-2015; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012; Poh, Gangkai/O-5378-2016 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ho, George/0000-0003-1093-2066; Poh, Gangkai/0000-0002-5775-2006 FU NASA Discovery Program [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271]; National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) FX The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The modeling techniques described here were originally developed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM). NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1029/2012JA018064 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600005 ER PT J AU Hou, LL Hagen, J Wang, X Papautsky, I Naik, R Kelley-Loughnane, N Heikenfeld, J AF Hou, Linlin Hagen, Joshua Wang, Xiao Papautsky, Ian Naik, Rajesh Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Heikenfeld, Jason TI Artificial microfluidic skin for in vitro perspiration simulation and testing SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID NEUROIMMUNE BIOMARKERS; SWEAT PATCH; COCAINE AB To expedite development of any skin wearable material, product, or device, an artificial perspiration (sweat) simulator can provide improved ease, cost, control, flexibility, and reproducibility in comparison to human or animal tests. Reported here is a human perspiration mimicking device including microreplicated skin-texture. A bottom 0.2 mu m track etched polycarbonate membrane layer provides flow-rate control while a top photo-curable layer provides skin-like features such as sweat pore density, hydrophobicity, and wetting hysteresis. Key capabilities of this sweat simulator include: constant 'sweat' rate density without bubble-point variation even down to similar to 1 L h(-1) m(-2); replication of the 2 pores mm(-2) pore-density and the similar to 50 mu m texture of human skin; simple gravity-fed flow control; low-cost and disposable construction. C1 [Hou, Linlin; Wang, Xiao; Papautsky, Ian; Heikenfeld, Jason] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hagen, Joshua; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] USAF, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heikenfeld, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, BSEM program in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, BSEM program in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors would also like to thank Doug Hurd, and Jeffrey Simkins for their help on machining the acrylic chambers. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1868 EP 1875 DI 10.1039/c3lc41231h PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130RQ UT WOS:000317937300006 PM 23576120 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Salisbury, RL Maurer, EI Hussain, SM Sulentic, CEW AF Sharma, Monita Salisbury, Richard L. Maurer, Elizabeth I. Hussain, Saber M. Sulentic, Courtney E. W. TI Gold nanoparticles induce transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B in a B-lymphocyte cell line SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; REGULATORY REGION; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION; DNA-BINDING; BETA-ACTIN; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS; CYTOTOXICITY; AUTOIMMUNE AB Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been designated as superior tools for biological applications owing to their characteristic surface plasmon absorption/scattering and amperometric (electron transfer) properties, in conjunction with low or no immediate toxicity towards biological systems. Many studies have shown the ease of designing application-based tools using Au-NPs but the interaction of this nanosized material with biomolecules in a physiological environment is an area requiring deeper investigation. Immune cells such as lymphocytes circulate through the blood and lymph and therefore are likely cellular components to come in contact with Au-NPs. The main aim of this study was to mechanistically determine the functional impact of Au-NPs on B-lymphocytes. Using a murine B-lymphocyte cell line (CH12.LX), treatment with citrate-stabilized 10 nm Au-NPs induced activation of an NF-kappa B-regulated luciferase reporter, which correlated with altered B lymphocyte function (i.e. increased antibody expression). TEM imaging demonstrated that Au-NPs can pass through the cellular membrane and therefore could interact with intracellular components of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Based on the inherent property of Au-NPs to bind to -thiol groups and the presence of cysteine residues on the NF-kB signal transduction proteins I kappa B kinases (IKK), proteins specifically bound to AuNPs were extracted from CH12.LX cellular lysate exposed to 10 nm Au-NPs. Electrophoresis identified several bands, of which IKKa and IKK beta were immunoreactive. Further evaluation revealed activation of the canonical NF-kB signaling pathway as evidenced by IkB alpha phosphorylation at serine residues 32 and 36 followed by IkBa degradation and increased nuclear RelA. Additionally, expression of an IkBa superrepressor (resistant to proteasomal degradation) reversed Au-NP-induced NF-kB activation. Altered NFkB signaling and cellular function in B-lymphocytes suggests a potential for off-target effects with in vivo applications of gold nanomaterials and underscores the need for more studies evaluating the interactions of nanomaterials with biomolecules and cellular components. C1 [Sharma, Monita; Salisbury, Richard L.; Hussain, Saber M.; Sulentic, Courtney E. W.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Sharma, Monita; Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Area B, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Sulentic, CEW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 206 Hlth Sci Bldg,3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM courtney.sulentic@wright.edu FU Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01ES014676] FX This work was partially funded by the Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (to S. H.), the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (to M. S), and by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R01ES014676 (to C. E. W. S.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding organizations acknowledged above. The authors would like to acknowledge the generous gifts of Dr Geoffrey Haughton (in memoriam, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC) for the CH12. LX B-cell line, Dr Laurel Eckhardt (Hunter College, The University of New York City, New York, NY) for the g2b mini-locus model, Dr Ronald Hay (College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland) for the 3x-NF-kappa B luciferase reporter plasmid and Dr. Gail Bishop (University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa) for the CH12.I kappa B alpha AA B-cell line. NR 61 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 9 BP 3747 EP 3756 DI 10.1039/c3nr30071d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 129RK UT WOS:000317859400025 PM 23503581 ER PT J AU Quinton, BT Barnes, PN Varanasi, CV Burke, J Tsao, BH Yost, KJ Mukhopadhyay, SM AF Quinton, Betty T. Barnes, Paul N. Varanasi, Chakrapani V. Burke, Jack Tsao, Bang-Hung Yost, Kevin J. Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M. TI A Comparative Study of Three Different Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Growth on Diamond Films SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; GRAPHENE; SCIENCE; PLASMA AB This paper compares between the methods of growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on diamond substrates and evaluates the quality of the CNTs and the interfacial strength. One potential application for these materials is a heat sink/spreader for high-power electronic devices. The CNTs and diamond substrates have a significantly higher specific thermal conductivity than traditional heat sink/spreader materials making them good replacement candidates. Only limited research has been performed on these CNT/diamond structures and their suitability of different growth methods. This study investigates three potential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques for growing CNTs on diamond: thermal CVD (T-CVD), microwave plasma-enhanced CVD (MPE-CVD), and floating catalyst thermal CVD (FCT-CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the morphology and topology of the CNTs. Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the quality of the CNTs by determining the I-D/I-G. peak intensity ratios. Additionally, the CNT/diamond samples were sonicated for qualitative comparisons of the durability of the CNT forests. T-CVD provided the largest diameter tubes, with catalysts residing mainly at the CNT/diamond interface. The MPE-CVD process yielded non uniform defective CNTs, and FCT-CVD resulted in the smallest diameter CNTs with catalyst particles imbedded throughout the length of the nanotubes. C1 [Quinton, Betty T.; Yost, Kevin J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Quinton, Betty T.; Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Barnes, Paul N.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani V.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Burke, Jack; Tsao, Bang-Hung] UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Quinton, BT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bettyyanguic@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, Wright State University; Ohio Board of Regents FX The authors of the paper would like to thank the funding support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, Wright State University, and Ohio Board of Regents. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Robert Wheeler for his guidance on TEM and EDS. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 50 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2013 AR 356259 DI 10.1155/2013/356259 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 124WX UT WOS:000317500300001 ER PT J AU Norquist, DC AF Norquist, Donald C. TI Forecast performance assessment of a kinematic and a magnetohydrodynamic solar wind model SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONA; PREDICTIONS AB Performance evaluation of operational models guides forecasters on use of their products, focuses model developers in making improvements, and informs other modelers considering use of the output for forcing data. Two operational solar wind models, the Enlil magnetohydrodynamic model, and the Wang-Sheeley-Arge kinematic model, were executed daily in 2007-2011 from solar photosphere magnetograms compiled from the Global Oscillation Network Group telescope system. The original (uncorrected) magnetic field specification and a zero point-corrected (ZPC) version were used as inner boundary conditions (IBCs) in separate 7 day forecast executions. Forecasts of solar wind radial speed (V-sw) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity were compared with observations from the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite. Forecast verification metrics were computed by forecast day, year, and uncorrected or corrected IBCs. High speed events (HSEs) and IMF polarity changes (IPCs) predicted and observed were compared. Neither model exhibited a significant systematic error except in 2009, when both failed to represent the slow solar wind. Using the ZPC initial conditions resulted in smaller forecast-observation differences in the years with greater Vsw variance. This was due to in part to reduced variance in the Vsw predictions from the ZPC IBCs. Differences were nil or worse in the other years. The time-varying component of the forecast-observation differences was smallest at forecast days 3 to 5, followed by a sharp rise. Impact of ZPCs on IMF polarity predictions was small. HSE prediction performance depended on detection algorithm used. Both models under predicted the number of forecast periods having IPCs. Citation: Norquist, D. C. (2013), Forecast performance assessment of a kinematic and a magnetohydrodynamic solar wind model, Space Weather, 11, 17-33, doi: 10.1029/2012SW000853. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Norquist, DC (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM dnorquist@gmail.com FU Applied Research Program; Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX Thanks go to Nick Arge, David MacKenzie, and Christina Lee of AFRL for their help in installing the Enlil model. Sean McManus of NSO generated the zero point-corrected GONG magnetograms. The ACE observations were obtained from the ACE Science Center at California Institute of Technology. The Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program provided the supercomputer processing time and assets to perform the Enlil forecasts. The Applied Research Program and the Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory of the Air Force Research Laboratory funded the project. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1029/2012SW000853 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129IQ UT WOS:000317833000005 ER PT J AU Keren, H Mort, J Boyer, P Weiss, O Eilam, D AF Keren, Hila Mort, Joel Boyer, Pascal Weiss, Omri Eilam, David TI Irrelevant idiosyncratic acts as preparatory, confirmatory, or transitional phases in motor behaviour SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE sport rituals; motor routines; OCD rituals; displacement activity; adjunctive behaviour ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; RITUALIZED BEHAVIOR; ROUTINES; NEUROBIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; OCD AB Motor behaviours typically include acts that may seem irrelevant for the goal of the task. These unnecessary idiosyncratic acts are excessively manifested in certain activities, such as sports or compulsive rituals. Using the shared performance (commonness) of acts as a proxy for their relevance to the current task, we analysed motor behaviour in daily tasks, sport-related tasks, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tasks. For each task, these motor behaviours comprised common acts that were performed by all the individuals, and idiosyncratic acts that were performed by only some individuals. In all three tasks there was a temporal section that included all the common acts (termed 'body'). This body section was preceded by a sequence of idiosyncratic acts that we termed 'head', and was followed by another sequence of idiosyncratic acts that we termed 'tail'. While both head and tail sections were relatively short in the daily tasks, the head was relatively long and the tail largely absent in sport-related tasks, which have a definite end and high stakes. In contrast, OCD behaviour had a relatively long tail. In light of these results, we suggest that the head is a preparatory phase and the tail a confirmatory phase. The head may be viewed as a warm-up phase for the pragmatic section of the task ('body'), and the tail as a cool-down phase. Finally, we suggest that rituals may be viewed as a descendant of pragmatic activities, which differentially feature a greater terminal phase of idiosyncratic acts in OCD, and an extended initial phase of idiosyncratic acts in sport rituals. C1 [Keren, Hila; Weiss, Omri; Eilam, David] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Mort, Joel] USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Boyer, Pascal] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Boyer, Pascal] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Eilam, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM eilam@post.tau.ac.il FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-09-1-3107] FX We are grateful to the volunteers who participated in this study and to Naomi Paz for language editing. The study was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-09-1-3107. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. D.E., P.B. and J.M. are Visiting Professors at the Department of OTANES, University of South Africa. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2013 VL 150 IS 5 BP 547 EP 568 DI 10.1163/1568539X-00003071 PG 22 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 123DY UT WOS:000317369800005 ER PT J AU Pavlova, E Coovert, MD Bennett, W AF Pavlova, Evgeniya Coovert, Michael D. Bennett, Winston, Jr. TI Abstract: Trust Development in Computer-Mediated Teams: A Latent Change Score Model SO MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pavlova, Evgeniya; Coovert, Michael D.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM epavlova@mail.usf.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0027-3171 J9 MULTIVAR BEHAV RES JI Multivariate Behav. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1080/00273171.2013.752265 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA 114YY UT WOS:000316780100022 PM 26789227 ER PT J AU Choi, S Heller, ER Dorsey, D Vetury, R Graham, S AF Choi, Sukwon Heller, Eric R. Dorsey, Donald Vetury, Ramakrishna Graham, Samuel TI The Impact of Bias Conditions on Self-Heating in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride (GaN); high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); Raman scattering; semiconductor device reliability; temperature measurement ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VOLTAGE AB The thermal response of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors directly correlates with the overall performance and reliability of these devices. In general, a hot spot develops near the drain end of the gate electrode during power dissipation. The device channel temperature was examined via micro-Raman spectroscopy under various bias conditions where power dissipation levels were identical. Under these bias conditions, difference in internal states (sheet carrier density and electric field distribution) within the device alters the heat generation profile across the channel. High V-ds conditions lead to significantly higher channel temperature compared to that for low V-ds conditions although the power dissipation is kept constant. Experimental results show similar to 13 degrees C deviation between V-ds = 45 V and V-ds = 7 V cases when the power dissipation is 4.5 W/mm. This suggests that bias conditions may have a relatively significant impact on device reliability and that this effect must be considered when building thermal models of devices under operation or undergoing accelerated life testing. C1 [Choi, Sukwon; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric R.; Dorsey, Donald] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vetury, Ramakrishna] RF Micro Devices, Def & Power Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sukwon.choi@gatech.edu; RVetury@rfmd.com; sgraham@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received September 8, 2012; accepted October 1, 2012. Date of publication November 21, 2012; date of current version December 19, 2012. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center team. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor R. Venkatasubramanian. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2013 VL 60 IS 1 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2224115 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 115ML UT WOS:000316816200025 ER PT B AU Myers, RB AF Myers, Richard B. BE Higham, R Parillo, M TI THE INFLUENCE OF AIRPOWER UPON HISTORY Statesmanship, Diplomacy, and Foreign Policy since 1903 Foreword SO INFLUENCE OF AIRPOWER UPON HISTORY: STATESMANSHIP, DIPLOMACY, AND FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 1903 LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Myers, Richard B.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-3675-2 PY 2013 BP VII EP IX PG 3 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BEE17 UT WOS:000316262400001 ER PT B AU Underwood, JS AF Underwood, Jeffery S. BE Higham, R Parillo, M TI Presidential Statesmen and US Airpower Personalities and Perceptions SO INFLUENCE OF AIRPOWER UPON HISTORY: STATESMANSHIP, DIPLOMACY, AND FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 1903 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Underwood, Jeffery S.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Underwood, JS (reprint author), USAF, Natl Museum, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-3675-2 PY 2013 BP 177 EP 208 PG 32 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BEE17 UT WOS:000316262400008 ER PT J AU Ge, W Zhang, XR Liu, M Lei, ZW Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Ge, W. Zhang, X. R. Liu, M. Lei, Z. W. Knize, R. J. Lu, Yalin TI Distance Dependence of Gold-Enhanced Upconversion luminescence in Au/SiO2/Y2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ Nanoparticles SO THERANOSTICS LA English DT Article DE Plasmon coupling; Core/spacer/shell; Rare earth; Luminescence; Decay trace ID NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CORE; SIZE AB We report a localized surface plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence in Au/SiO2/Y2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles when excited at 980 nm. By adjusting the silica spacer's thickness, a maximum 9.59-fold enhancement of the green emission was obtained. Effect of the spacer distance on the Au-Y2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ green upconversion mechanism was numerically simulated and experimentally demonstrated. In theory for radiative decay and excitation rates, they can be largely enhanced at the spacer thicknesses of less than 70 and 75 nm, respectively, and the quenching can be caused by the non-radiative energy transferring at the distance of less than 55 nm. C1 [Ge, W.; Liu, M.; Lei, Z. W.; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. R.; Lu, Yalin] Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, R. J.; Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922003]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK2060140006, WK2060140005]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [BH2060140010] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922003), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK2060140006, WK2060140005), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BH2060140010). NR 30 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 124 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1838-7640 J9 THERANOSTICS JI Theranostics PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.7150/thno.5523 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 118BE UT WOS:000316996600006 PM 23606915 ER PT J AU Co, TC Zagaris, C Black, JT AF Co, Thomas C. Zagaris, Costantinos Black, Jonathan T. TI Responsive Satellites Through Ground Track Manipulation Using Existing Technology SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The space community has recognized the problem of sustaining current space operations and has responded by supporting research and development in technologies to reduce cost and schedule without sacrificing performance. One solution is maneuverable satellites. There are very few studies on maneuvering satellites in low-Earth orbit from a ground-track perspective. Operational responsiveness is achievable by changing the ground track and thereby a geographical target location. The existing paradigm on maneuvering is that it is cost-prohibitive, thus orbit-changing maneuvers are done sparingly. This paper presents methodology to quantify reachability of a satellite with chemical and electric propulsion based on initial orbit, Delta V, and available maneuvering time. Initial orbit parameters are examined to determine which would yield the greatest benefit from maneuvering and the analysis shows that initial orbit orientation has no effect. These maneuvers are highly predictable and equations are formulated to become part of an algorithm that allows overflight of user-specified ground targets. In sacrificing timeliness with electric propulsion the system gains repeatability over chemical propulsion. Existing technology could maneuver a satellite significantly to change its ground track in a relatively short period of time and within standard propellant budgets. C1 [Co, Thomas C.; Zagaris, Costantinos; Black, Jonathan T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Co, TC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.2514/1.A32263 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102HN UT WOS:000315835800016 ER PT J AU Amama, PB Putnam, SA Barron, AR Maruyama, B AF Amama, Placidus B. Putnam, Shawn A. Barron, Andrew R. Maruyama, Benji TI Wetting behavior and activity of catalyst supports in carbon nanotube carpet growth SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; WATER; ALUMINA; ARRAYS; FILMS; RATIO; FLOW AB A simple, reliable, and non-destructive approach based on contact angle measurements is described for predicting the activity of catalyst supports in carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet growth. The basic component of the surface free energy of different alumina supports - determined from the van Oss-Good-Chaudhury model and the Young-Dupre equation - was found to correlate with the activity of Fe catalyst during water-assisted CVD growth of CNT carpets. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32817 USA. [Barron, Andrew R.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Barron, Andrew R.] Swansea Univ, Coll Engn, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), USAF, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Placidus.Amama@wpafb.af.mil; Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil OI Barron, Andrew/0000-0002-2018-8288 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). We thank Dr Michael Clark for providing technical support during contact angle experiment. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 2642 EP 2646 DI 10.1039/c3nr33634d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 106CV UT WOS:000316120100010 PM 23446360 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Rao, SI Shade, PA Woodward, C Viswanathan, GB Nadgorny, EM Polasik, S Norfleet, DM Mills, MJ AF Dimiduk, D. M. Uchic, M. D. Rao, S. I. Shade, P. A. Woodward, C. Viswanathan, G. B. Nadgorny, E. M. Polasik, S. Norfleet, D. M. Mills, M. J. TI Strengthening and plastic flow of Ni3Al alloy microcrystals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE strengthening mechanisms; dislocations; defect structures; Ni3Al; size effects; microcrystals; plasticity; experimental; TEM ID ANOMALOUS MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; L1(2) ORDERED ALLOYS; L12 ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; MODELING PLASTICITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; YIELD BEHAVIOR; WEAK-BEAM AB Ni3Al alloys exhibit remarkable deformation characteristics at small scales that are tied to their unique dislocation core structures. The present work examines microcrystal strengthening and flow for a binary Ni3Al alloy and two alloys containing 0.25%Hf and 1.0%Ta, and evaluates their response relative to known dislocation mechanisms for this material and sample size effects in other materials. The work includes analysis of the flow-stress anomaly mechanisms, dislocation velocity, the single-arm source model, exhaustion strengthening and dislocation multiplication for describing the response of Ni3Al alloy microcrystals. Primary remaining needs are to understand the nature of double cross slip and dislocation sources that trigger the onset of flow and limit size-dependent strengthening. C1 [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Shade, P. A.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, S. I.; Viswanathan, G. B.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Nadgorny, E. M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Polasik, S.; Norfleet, D. M.; Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Mills, Michael/I-6413-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors are indebted to S. L. Kim and Dr P. Sarosi for assisting in developing the methods for TEM sample preparation. We thank Dr T. A. Parthasarathy and Dr Y-S. Choi for helpful technical discussions. We also acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for financial support. Finally, DMD offers a debt of gratitude to the late Dr P. Veyssiere, who provided a countless number of comprehensive discussions and insights over more than two decades regarding the myriad details of dislocation micromechanistic behaviour in Ni3Al alloys, as well as the -0.25% Hf-containing crystals used for this study. His professional presence in the community elevated the standard of performance for most in the field (including my own), while his personal friendship offered welcoming interactions on many occasions. He is sorely missed. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 93 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 96 EP 120 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.714085 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 100RQ UT WOS:000315719700008 ER PT J AU Ramezani-Dakhel, H Mirau, PA Naik, RR Knecht, MR Heinz, H AF Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi Mirau, Peter A. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. Heinz, Hendrik TI Stability, surface features, and atom leaching of palladium nanoparticles: toward prediction of catalytic functionality SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-FREE PALLADIUM; COUPLING REACTIONS; PD NANOCRYSTALS; HECK REACTION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; PEPTIDE; SHAPE; SIZE; MECHANISM; CLUSTERS AB Surfactant-stabilized metal nanoparticles have shown promise as catalysts although specific surface features and their influence on catalytic performance have not been well understood. We quantify the thermodynamic stability, the facet composition of the surface, and distinct atom types that affect rates of atom leaching for a series of twenty near-spherical Pd nanoparticles of 1.8 to 3.1 nm size using computational models. Cohesive energies indicate higher stability of certain particles that feature an approximate 60/20/20 ratio of {111}, {100}, and {110} facets while less stable particles exhibit widely variable facet composition. Unique patterns of atom types on the surface cause apparent differences in binding energies and changes in reactivity. Estimates of the relative rate of atom leaching as a function of particle size were obtained by the summation of Boltzmann-weighted binding energies over all surface atoms. Computed leaching rates are in good qualitative correlation with the measured catalytic activity of peptide-stabilized Pd nanoparticles of the same shape and size in Stille coupling reactions. The agreement supports rate-controlling contributions by atom leaching in the presence of reactive substrates. The computational approach provides a pathway to estimate the catalytic activity of metal nanostructures of engineered shape and size, and possible further refinements are described. C1 [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Mirau, Peter A.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-D-5037]; UES, Inc.; National Science Foundation [DMR-0955071, CBET-1157431] FX We are grateful for support by the Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8650-09-D-5037), UES, Inc. the National Science Foundation (HH: DMR-0955071, MK: CBET-1157431), the Ohio Super-computing Center for provision of computational resources, and the University of Akron. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 15 BP 5488 EP 5492 DI 10.1039/c3cp00135k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 110TD UT WOS:000316467800024 PM 23474536 ER PT S AU Salishchev, GA Kudrjavtsev, EA Zherebtsov, SV Semiatin, SL AF Salishchev, G. A. Kudrjavtsev, E. A. Zherebtsov, S. V. Semiatin, S. L. BE Bernhart, G TI Low Temperature Superplasticity of Ti-6Al-4V Processed by Warm Multidirectional Forging SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials (ICSAM 2012) CY JUL 03-05, 2012 CL Ecole Mines, Albi, FRANCE SP Mairie d'Albi, Conseil Gen Tarn, Conseil Regional Midi Pyrenees, Ecole Mines Albi, Inst Clement Ader, AIRBUS France, Engn Syst Int, Saint Govain SEVA, SCHULER Gmbh HO Ecole Mines DE Low-temperature superplasticity; Multidirectional forging; Ultrafine grain structure; Microstructure evolution ID SUBMICROCRYSTALLINE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; BILLET AB Multidirectional forging has been developed to produce an ultrafine-grain (UFG) microstructure in the two-phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. A microstructure with a grain size of 135 nm was attained, enabling low-temperature superplasticity (LTSP) at 550 degrees C. A total elongation of 1000% and strain-rate-sensitivity coefficient m=0.47 were obtained at the optimal strain rate of 2x10(4) s(-1). Important features of the microstructure and superplastic behavior of the alloy are summarized in the present work. It is shown that microstructure evolution during low-temperature deformation plays a key role in superplastic flow behavior. C1 [Salishchev, G. A.; Kudrjavtsev, E. A.; Zherebtsov, S. V.] Belgorod State Univ, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Res Lab, Wright- Patterson Air Fo, OH 45433 USA. RP Salishchev, GA (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM Salishchev@bsu.edu.ru; Kudryavtsev@bsu.edu.ru; ser_z@mail.ru; Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; FU Russian Ministry of Science and Education [K2 P725] FX This work was supported by Grant K2 P725 from the Russian Ministry of Science and Education. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2013 VL 735 BP 253 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.735.253 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEA16 UT WOS:000315829400038 ER PT S AU Winkler, JM Lukishova, SG Bissell, LJ AF Winkler, Justin M. Lukishova, Svetlana G. Bissell, Luke J. GP IOP TI Room-temperature single-photon sources with definite circular and linear polarizations based on single-emitter fluorescence in liquid crystal hosts SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Laser Physics Workshop CY JUL 23-27, 2012 CL Calgary, CANADA ID DYE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; MICROCAVITIES; EMISSION; STATES; DOTS AB Definite circular and linear polarizations of room-temperature single-photon sources, which can serve as polarization bases for quantum key distribution, are produced by doping planar-aligned liquid crystal hosts with single fluorescence emitters. Chiral 1-D photonic bandgap microcavities for a single handedness of circularly polarized light were prepared from both monomeric and oligomeric cholesteric liquid crystals. Fluorescent emitters, such as nanocrystal quantum dots, nitrogen vacancy color centers in nanodiamonds, and rare-earth ions in nanocrystals, were doped into these microcavity structures and used to produce circularly polarized fluorescence of definite handedness. Additionally, we observed circularly polarized resonances in the spectrum of nanocrystal quantum dot fluorescence at the edge of the cholesteric microcavity's photonic stopband. For this polarization we obtained a similar to 4.9 enhancement of intensity compared to the polarization of the opposite handedness that propagates without photonic bandgap microcavity effects. Such a resonance is indicative of coupling of quantum dot fluorescence to the cholesteric microcavity mode. We have also used planar-aligned nematic liquid crystal hosts to align DiI dye molecules doped into the host, thereby providing a single-photon source of linear polarization of definite direction. Antibunching is demonstrated for fluorescence of nanocrystal quantum dots, nitrogen vacancy color centers, and dye molecules in these liquid crystal structures. C1 [Winkler, Justin M.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Lukishova, Svetlana G.] Univ Rochester, Inst Optic, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bissell, Luke J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Winkler, JM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM sluk@lle.rochester.edu FU US Army Research Office [DAAD19-02-1-0285]; US National Science Foundation [ECS-0420888, DUE-063362, DUE-0920500]; NASA Office; Air Force SMART Fellowship FX The authors acknowledge the support given by the US Army Research Office under Award no DAAD19-02-1-0285 and the US National Science Foundation ( awards ECS-0420888, DUE-063362, and DUE-0920500). Justin Winkler's work was supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship. Luke Bissell was supported by an Air Force SMART Fellowship. We would also like to thank K. Marshall, A. W. Schmid, C. R. Stroud, R. W. Boyd, L. Novotny, A. Lieb, T. Krauss, C. H. Chen, P. Freivald and R. Knox for their advice and assistance and T. Ohulchanskyy for providing nanocrystals doped with rare-earths. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 414 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/414/1/012006 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDW69 UT WOS:000315404300006 ER PT J AU Strack, G Luckarift, HR Sizemore, SR Nichols, RK Farrington, KE Wu, PK Atanassov, P Biffinger, JC Johnson, GR AF Strack, Guinevere Luckarift, Heather R. Sizemore, Susan R. Nichols, Robert K. Farrington, Karen E. Wu, Peter K. Atanassov, Plamen Biffinger, Justin C. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Power generation from a hybrid biological fuel cell in seawater SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella oneidensis; Enzymatic fuel cell; Bilirubin oxidase; Multicopper oxidase ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; WASTE-WATER; REDUCTION; STABILITY; LACCASES; BIOFILMS; OXIDASES; SYSTEM; ANODES AB A hybrid biological fuel cell (HBFC) comprised of a microbial anode for lactate oxidation and an enzymatic cathode for oxygen reduction was constructed and then tested in a marine environment. Shewanella oneidensis DSP-10 was cultivated in laboratory medium and then fixed on a carbon felt electrode via a silica sol-gel process in order to catalyze anodic fuel cell processes. The cathode electrocatalyst was composed of bilirubin oxidase, fixed to a carbon nanotube electrode using a heterobifunctional cross linker, and then stabilized with a silica sol-gel coating. The anode and cathode half-cells provided operating potentials of -0.44 and 0.48 V, respectively (vs. Ag/AgCl). The HBFC maintained a reproducible open circuit voltage >0.7 V for 9 d in laboratory settings and sustained electrocatalytic activity for >24 h in open environment tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Strack, Guinevere; Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Nichols, Robert K.; Farrington, Karen E.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Strack, Guinevere] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Nichols, Robert K.; Farrington, Karen E.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wu, Peter K.] Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson.8@us.af.mil RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU US AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX G. Strack was supported by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the US AFRL administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an inter-agency agreement between the US Department of Energy and USAFRL. The AFRL in-house research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Walt Kozumbo, Program Manager). NRL thank NRL/ONR BLK 6.2 funding for supporting the autonomous floating demonstration. The authors thank Marie Stephens (Mexico Beach, FL) for providing underwater photography, Kevin Randall and Jamie Vathis for use of watercraft, and Christopher Graeber (Integration Innovation, Inc., Huntsville, AL) for logistical support and open water test operations. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 128 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.104 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 098JO UT WOS:000315545800031 PM 23196242 ER PT J AU Ramirez, SM Diaz, YJ Sahagun, CM Duff, MW Lawal, OB Iacono, ST Mabry, JM AF Ramirez, Sean M. Diaz, Yvonne J. Sahagun, Christopher M. Duff, Michael W. Lawal, Olawale B. Iacono, Scott T. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of fluoroalkyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) macromers SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE-ENERGY; WATER; KINETICS; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); WETTABILITY; TELECHELICS; SEPARATION; MECHANISM; HYDROGELS AB Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques were used to copolymerize an F-POSS macromer with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to produce novel copolymers that possess excellent wetting-resistant behaviour and are the first examples of covalently bound F-POSS nanocomposites for improved surface robustness. These F-POSS/MMA copolymers have also been used to coat cotton fabrics, resulting in both superhydrophobic and oleophobic behaviour. C1 [Ramirez, Sean M.; Diaz, Yvonne J.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sahagun, Christopher M.] USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Duff, Michael W.; Lawal, Olawale B.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ramirez, SM (reprint author), USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM sean.ramirez.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate for financial support. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 62 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 7 BP 2230 EP 2234 DI 10.1039/c3py00018d PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 103JB UT WOS:000315911100006 ER PT J AU Wang, X Hagen, JA Papautsky, I AF Wang, Xiao Hagen, Joshua A. Papautsky, Ian TI Paper pump for passive and programmable transport SO BIOMICROFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE bioMEMS; biotransport; capillarity; lab-on-a-chip; microchannel flow; micropumps ID RADIAL CAPILLARY; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; CELL-CULTURE; BLOOD; PENETRATION; IMBIBITION; VISCOSITY; BIOASSAYS; SYSTEMS; DRIVEN AB In microfluidic systems, a pump for fluid-driving is often necessary. To keep the size of microfluidic systems small, a pump that is small in size, light-weight and needs no external power source is advantageous. In this work, we present a passive, simple, ultra-low-cost, and easily controlled pumping method based on capillary action of paper that pumps fluid through conventional polymer-based microfluidic channels with steady flow rate. By using inexpensive cutting tools, paper can be shaped and placed at the outlet port of a conventional microfluidic channel, providing a wide range of pumping rates. A theoretical model was developed to describe the pumping mechanism and aid in the design of paper pumps. As we show, paper pumps can provide steady flow rates from 0.3 mu l/s to 1.7 mu l/s and can be cascaded to achieve programmable flow-rate tuning during the pumping process. We also successfully demonstrate transport of the most common biofluids (urine, serum, and blood). With these capabilities, the paper pump has the potential to become a powerful fluid-driving approach that will benefit the fielding of microfluidic systems for point-of-care applications. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790819] C1 [Wang, Xiao; Papautsky, Ian] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, BioMicroSyst Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hagen, Joshua A.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Papautsky, I (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, BioMicroSyst Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM ian.papautsky@uc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by funds provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1932-1058 J9 BIOMICROFLUIDICS JI Biomicrofluidics PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 AR 014107 DI 10.1063/1.4790819 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 099CO UT WOS:000315597100024 PM 24403999 ER PT J AU Nichols, CM Yang, ZB Worker, BB Hager, DR Nibbering, NMM Bierbaum, VM AF Nichols, Charles M. Yang, Zhibo Worker, Benjamin B. Hager, Denver R. Nibbering, Nico M. M. Bierbaum, Veronica M. TI Gas-phase reactions of the atomic oxygen radical cation with halogenated compounds SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORBIDDEN CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; THERMAL-ENERGY; RATE-CONSTANT; FLOW TUBE; PERFLUOROCARBONS; RATES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for the reactions of O+center dot(4S) with the methyl halides (CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I) and three perfluorinated compounds (CF4, SF6, SF5 CF3) at 300 K in a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube (FA-SIFT). The reactions occur with high efficiency, despite the necessity for spin conversion in some processes. The mechanisms include charge transfer, atom abstraction, and fragmentation reactions. Computational modeling was carried out to provide insight into these processes. C1 [Nichols, Charles M.; Yang, Zhibo; Worker, Benjamin B.; Hager, Denver R.; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Zhibo] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Worker, Benjamin B.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Nibbering, Nico M. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, LaserLabAmsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu RI Nichols, Charles/G-8846-2012 OI Nichols, Charles/0000-0001-9398-3410 FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012321]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0125]; Air Force Institute of Technology FX We dedicate this paper to our colleague and friend, Professor Charles H. DePuy, in honor of his 85th birthday. The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this work by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012321) and the AFOSR (FA9550-12-1-0125). BBW respectfully acknowledges the sponsorship and support of the Air Force Institute of Technology. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1039/c2cp43183a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 049DZ UT WOS:000311963600020 PM 23174884 ER PT J AU Patel, J Tate, A Sun, N Lawton, J AF Patel, Jitu Tate, Austin Sun, Niranjan Lawton, James TI Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 [Tate, Austin] Univ Edinburgh, AIAI, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lawton, James] USAF, Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London, England. EM jmpatel@dstl.gov.uk; a.tate@ed.ac.uk; nsuri@ihmc.us; james.lawton.1@us.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 083RL UT WOS:000314482800005 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI Microwave Transmission Line Circuits INTRODUCTION SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000002 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI Microwave Transmission Line Circuits PREFACE SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000001 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 23 EP 67 PG 45 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000003 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI TRANSMISSION LINE SEGMENTS AS NETWORK ELEMENTS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 69 EP 95 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000004 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI MATRIX REPRESENTATION OF MICROWAVE NETWORKS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 97 EP 130 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000005 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN OF FREQUENCY-FILTERING NETWORKS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 131 EP 171 PG 41 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000006 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI BROADBAND IMPEDANCE-MATCHING NETWORKS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 173 EP 195 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000007 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI COMBINING, DIVIDING, AND COUPLING CIRCUITS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 197 EP 223 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000008 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI TRANSMISSION LINE APPLICATIONS IN ACTIVE CIRCUITS SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROWAVE GAAS-MESFETS; AMPLIFIERS C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 225 EP 262 PG 38 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000009 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI NORMALIZED ELEMENT VALUES FOR LOWPASS FILTERS WITH BUTTERWORTH, CHEBYSHEV, AND BESSEL RESPONSES SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 263 EP 275 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000010 ER PT B AU Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT AF Joines, William T. Palmer, W. Devereux Bernhard, Jennifer T. BA Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT BF Joines, WT Palmer, WD Bernhard, JT TI MICROSTRIP CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE AND EFFECTIVE epsilon(r) VERSUS w/h SO MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS SE Artech House Microwave Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINE C1 [Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Joines, William T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Joines, William T.; Palmer, W. Devereux; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE, New York, NY USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Adelphi, MD USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernhard, Jennifer T.] IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Culver City, CA USA. RP Joines, WT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sensing & Signals Grp, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-569-0 J9 ARTECH HSE MICROW LI PY 2013 BP 277 EP 293 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BDO77 UT WOS:000314254000011 ER PT J AU Smetana, AB Pacley, S Boeckl, J Adamczyk, P Nettikadan, S AF Smetana, Alexander B. Pacley, Shanee Boeckl, John Adamczyk, Paul Nettikadan, Saju TI Directed/localized growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalyzed by cobalt nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; FIELD AB Tip based lithography was used to print arbitrary patterns of cobalt oxide nanoclusters from single features to large repeatable arrays over square millimeter areas. Cobalt ions were mixed with a P2VP-PEO block-copolymer and were delivered in sub-micron sized droplets to a surface. These droplets were heat treated at 360 degrees C, which removed the organic polymer and formed Co3O4 nanoclusters. The deposited material was used as a catalyst to grow multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) at each printed location. AFM and SEM imaging were used to examine the morphology of the cobalt oxide nanoclusters and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to identify the catalytic material, while Raman spectroscopy was used to interrogate the resulting carbon structures. This directed multiwalled carbon nanotube growth method can be applied directly for sensor fabrication. C1 [Smetana, Alexander B.; Adamczyk, Paul; Nettikadan, Saju] NanoInk Inc, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. [Pacley, Shanee; Boeckl, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smetana, AB (reprint author), NanoInk Inc, 8025 Lamon Ave, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. EM asmetana@nanoink.net; john.boeckl@wpafb.af.mil FU MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University [DMR-1121262] FX This work made use of the J. B. Cohen X-Ray Diffraction Facility supported by the MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 9 BP 1798 EP 1803 DI 10.1039/c2tc00371f PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 088BP UT WOS:000314809100015 ER PT J AU Koszelewski, D Nowak-Krol, A Drobizhev, M Wilson, CJ Haley, JE Cooper, TM Romiszewski, J Gorecka, E Anderson, HL Rebane, A Gryko, DT AF Koszelewski, Dominik Nowak-Krol, Agnieszka Drobizhev, Mikhail Wilson, Craig J. Haley, Joy E. Cooper, Thomas M. Romiszewski, Jerzy Gorecka, Ewa Anderson, Harry L. Rebane, Aleksander Gryko, Daniel T. TI Synthesis and linear and nonlinear optical properties of low-melting pi-extended porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING MOIETIES; STRONG 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; 1ST HYPERPOLARIZABILITY; FREQUENCY DISPERSION; ALKYNYL PORPHYRINS; CHROMOPHORES; ENHANCEMENT; PHTHALOCYANINES AB A large and diverse library of trans-A(2)B(2) and A(2)BC-porphyrins possessing two arylethynyl substituents at the meso positions has been efficiently synthesized and tested for their two-photon absorption (2PA) behavior. All compounds fall into three general types A-pi-A, D-pi-D or D-pi-A, where A is an electron-acceptor and D is an electron-donor moiety. These porphyrins contain two polyalkoxyaryl substituents, resulting in very low melting points (typically 110-125 degrees C) and superb solubility in non-polar solvents. Some of these porphyrins exhibit two different crystal phases in addition to an isotropic liquid state. Their linear and nonlinear optical properties were thoroughly elucidated and analyzed. pi-Extended porphyrins emit light in the NIR and have moderate triplet state lifetimes. The increase of 2PA cross-section in the Soret region for porphyrins bearing strong electron-donating groups has been attributed to resonance enhancement (caused by intensification, redshift and broadening of the lowest Q-band) of gerade-gerade transition. The combination of high two-photon absorption cross-sections (>500 GM) and low melting points makes them perfect candidates for nonlinear optical materials in the 600-900 nm range. C1 [Koszelewski, Dominik; Nowak-Krol, Agnieszka; Gryko, Daniel T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Drobizhev, Mikhail; Rebane, Aleksander] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wilson, Craig J.; Anderson, Harry L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. [Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Romiszewski, Jerzy; Gorecka, Ewa] Warsaw Univ, Dept Chem, PL-01173 Warsaw, Poland. [Rebane, Aleksander] NICPB, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. [Gryko, Daniel T.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. RP Koszelewski, D (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk; rebane@physics.montana.edu; dtgryko@icho.edu.pl RI Gryko, Daniel/A-7998-2008; Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011 OI Gryko, Daniel/0000-0002-2146-1282; Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132 FU Foundation for Polish Science [TEAM 2009-4/3]; AFOSR grant [FA9550-05-1-0357]; European Commission (TOPBIO ITN) FX D. T. Gryko and D. Koszelewski thank the Foundation for Polish Science (TEAM 2009-4/3), A. Nowak-Krol thanks the Foundation for Polish Science (Ventures), and A. Rebane acknowledges support from AFOSR grant FA9550-05-1-0357. This work was partially supported by the European Commission (TOPBIO ITN). NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 99 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 10 BP 2044 EP 2053 DI 10.1039/c3tc00594a PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 089FA UT WOS:000314894300018 ER PT J AU Rose, DM Hrncir, DE AF Rose, David M. Hrncir, David E. TI Primary eosinophilic lung diseases SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Review ID CHURG-STRAUSS-SYNDROME; IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; POLYARTERITIS-NODOSA; POOR-PROGNOSIS; T-CELLS; PNEUMONIA; ASTHMA; INVOLVEMENT; IMATINIB AB Eosinophilic lung diseases typically present as a triad of pulmonary symptoms, an abnormal chest radiograph, and elevated levels of eosinophils in the sputum and lung tissue. This article focuses on primary causes of eosinophilic lung disease including acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. In these disorders elevated eosinophil levels in the tissue lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Peripheral eosinophilia can often be measured when tissue levels are elevated but this is not as reliable a marker as tissue biopsy. Because corticosteroids act through a variety of mechanisms to inhibit eosinophil function and induce apoptosis, they are first-line therapy for eosinophilic lung diseases. Targeted immunosuppressive therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies against key regulatory cytokines for eosinophil production and survival, are not formally approved for eosinophilic lung disease but have shown promising results in published research studies. (Allergy Asthma Proc 34:19-25, 2013; doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3628) C1 [Rose, David M.; Hrncir, David E.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Wilford Hall Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rose, DM (reprint author), Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.rose@lackland.af.mil NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3628 PG 7 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 087EE UT WOS:000314743300006 PM 23406932 ER PT J AU Emory, CW Patil, MJ AF Emory, Christopher W. Patil, Mayuresh J. TI Predicting Limit Cycle Oscillation in an Aeroelastic System Using Nonlinear Normal Modes SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference / 19th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference CY APR 04-07, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; VIBRATORY-SYSTEMS; FIGHTER AB This paper demonstrates the use of nonlinear normal modes to predict limit cycle oscillation in a pitch-plunge airfoil with cubically nonlinear pitch stiffness. Aeroelastic systems with quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamics are analyzed with nonlinear normal modes. An alternative derivation of nonlinear normal modes using first-order form is offered for systems that cannot fit the standard second-order form. The effect of the master coordinate chosen to construct the nonlinear normal modes is examined and found to have a significant impact on the accuracy of the results. Based on the results herein the nonlinear normal mode method is found to be a viable approach to studying and predicting limit cycle oscillation in aeroelastic systems. Furthermore, a master coordinate based on the the linear flutter mode was found to lead to the best results. C1 [Emory, Christopher W.; Patil, Mayuresh J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Emory, CW (reprint author), USAF, SEEK Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.2514/1.C031668 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 086EQ UT WOS:000314667100007 ER PT J AU Berrigan, JD McLachlan, T Deneault, JR Cai, Y Kang, TS Durstock, MF Sandhage, KH AF Berrigan, John D. McLachlan, Taylor Deneault, James R. Cai, Ye Kang, Tae-Sik Durstock, Michael F. Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI Conversion of porous anodic Al2O3 into freestanding, uniformly aligned, multi-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays for electrode applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; HEXAGONAL PORE ARRAYS; TITANIA NANOTUBES; FABRICATION; MEMBRANE; ALUMINA; NANOMATERIALS; ANODIZATION; TRANSPORT; FLUORIDE AB A combined conformal coating and gas/solid reaction process has been used for the first time to convert porous anodic alumina templates into robust, freestanding, multi-wall titania nanotube (MWTNT) arrays that resist appreciable nanotube bundling upon drying. A sol-gel infiltration process was first used to apply a thin conformal titania coating to the alumina templates. After selective etching to generate a gap between the template and the titania coating, exposed alumina was converted into nanocrystalline titania via reaction with titanium tetrafluoride gas and then with humid oxygen. After selective dissolution of residual aluminum-bearing phases and drying, freestanding, non-agglomerated, wellaligned MWTNT arrays were generated (i.e., with coating-derived inner titania tubes resting inside reaction-derived outer titania tubes). When incorporated as aligned electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, the dye loading and power conversion efficiencies were higher by factors of 2.2 and 1.8, respectively, than for solar cells with single-wall titania nanotube array electrodes. By controlling the conditions used for alumina template formation, sol-gel coating, and gas/solid reaction, this hybrid process may be used to generate robust, uniformly aligned MWTNT arrays with dimensions and functional chemistries tailored for a variety of electrical, optical, chemical, or biochemical applications. C1 [Berrigan, John D.; McLachlan, Taylor; Cai, Ye; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Berrigan, John D.; McLachlan, Taylor; Cai, Ye; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Air Force Ctr Excellence Bionanoenabled Inorgan O, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Deneault, James R.; Kang, Tae-Sik; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berrigan, JD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0162] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Award no. FA9550-09-1-0162, Dr. Charles Lee, Program Manager). Dr. Giorgio Bazzan (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH), Dr. Benjamin Leever (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH), Dr. Richard Vaia (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH), and Dr. Bernard Kippelen (Georgia Institute of Technology) are gratefully acknowledged for their advice and generous donation/use of equipment. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1039/c2ta01015a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 085EY UT WOS:000314598400020 ER PT J AU Betancor, L Johnson, GR Luckarift, HR AF Betancor, Lorena Johnson, Glenn R. Luckarift, Heather R. TI Stabilized Laccases as Heterogeneous Bioelectrocatalysts SO CHEMCATCHEM LA English DT Review DE biocatalysis; biosensors; electron transfer; immobilization; metalloenzymes ID TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR LACCASE; DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MODIFIED GRAPHITE ELECTRODE; ENZYMATIC OXYGEN REDUCTION; SONOGEL-CARBON BIOSENSOR; MODIFIED GOLD ELECTRODES; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MULTICOPPER OXIDASES AB Typically, the use of heterogeneous enzyme catalysis is aimed at sustainability, reusability, or enhanced functionality of the biocatalyst and is achieved by immobilizing enzymes onto a support matrix or at a defined interface. Controlled enzyme immobilization is particularly important in bioelectrocatalysis because the catalyst must be effectively connected to a transducer to exploit its activity. This Review discusses what must be addressed for coupling biocatalysts to an electrode and the toolbox of methods that are available for achieving this outcome. As an illustration, we focus on the immobilization and stabilization of laccases at electronic interfaces. Historically, laccases have been used for the decolorization of dyes and for the synthesis of bio-organic compounds; however, more recently, they have been applied to the fields of sensing and energy harvesting.([1-3]) There is an ever-increasing focus on the development of new energy technologies, in which laccases find application (e. g., as cathodic catalysts in enzymatic fuel cells). Herein, we discuss the heterogeneous laccase biocatalysts that have been reported over the past 10-15 years and discuss why laccases continue to be biotechnologically relevant enzymes. Various methods for the immobilization of laccases are described, including the use of nanoscale supports and a range of encapsulation and cross-linking chemistries. We consider the application of immobilized laccases to the food industry, in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, and in environmental applications, specifically in cases in which stabilization through heterogenization of the enzyme is critical to the application. We also include a consideration of electrochemical biosensors and the specific incorporation of laccases on the surfaces of transducers. C1 [Betancor, Lorena] Univ ORT Uruguay, Lab Biotecnol, Fac Ingn, Montevideo 1451, Uruguay. [Johnson, Glenn R.; Luckarift, Heather R.] USAF, Airbase Sci Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Sci Div, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM heather.luckarift.ctr.gb@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Universidad ORT Uruguay; AFOSR Southern Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Santiago, Chile) FX This work (H. R. L. and G.R.J.) was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). L. B. was supported by the Universidad ORT Uruguay and by a collaborative research agreement through the AFOSR Southern Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Santiago, Chile). NR 167 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 121 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1867-3880 EI 1867-3899 J9 CHEMCATCHEM JI ChemCatChem PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 46 EP 60 DI 10.1002/cctc.201200611 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 080JP UT WOS:000314238400004 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F. Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Brown, G. J. TI Calculation of the temperature dependence of the vertical and horizontal mobilities in InAs/GaSb superlattices SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Superlattice; Electron mobility; Interface roughness scattering; InAs/GaSb; Infrared detector ID INTERFACE-ROUGHNESS; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; PHOTODIODES; WAVELENGTH; PASSIVATION; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT AB In order to limit cooling requirements, it is important to operate superlattice devices such as infrared detectors at the highest possible temperatures consistent with maintaining satisfactory figures of merit regarding signal and noise. One of the characteristics governing the device performance is vertical carrier mobility, although only horizontal mobilities are routinely measured. Recently, we calculated low-temperature vertical and horizontal mobilities, as limited by interface roughness scattering, for type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices as a function of SL dimensions and the degree of roughness. We found that the horizontal mobility was a double-valued function of the roughness correlation length, Lambda. Here, we show that the indeterminacy of Lambda can be overcome by comparing the temperature dependence of the calculated and measured mobilities; hence, we extend the calculation to higher temperatures. While the scattering mechanism itself is temperature independent, the band structure and the carrier distribution are temperature-dependent. As a function of temperature, we find that as a function of the correlation length, mobilities can increase, decrease, or remain constant. This behavior is explained on the basis of the physics of the problem. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU AF Contract at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXPS [FA8650-11-D-5401] FX The work of FS was supported by the AF Contract FA8650-11-D-5401 at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXPS. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 56 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2012.10.004 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 082GX UT WOS:000314381400010 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Direct flutter and limit cycle computations of highly flexible wings for efficient analysis and optimization SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID ASPECT-RATIO WINGS; NONLINEAR FLIGHT DYNAMICS; AEROELASTIC STABILITY; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM DESIGN; OSCILLATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; PREDICTION; AIRCRAFT; BEHAVIOR AB The usefulness of flutter as a design metric is diluted for wings with destabilizing (softening) nonlinearities, as a stable high-amplitude limit cycle (subcritical) may exist for flight speeds well below the flutter point. It is thus desired to design aeroelastic structures such that the post-flutter behavior is as benign (i.e., supercritical) as possible, among the other constraints commonly considered in the optimization process. In order to account for these metrics in an accurate and efficient manner, direct tools are utilized to first locate the Hopf-point (flutter speed), and then to obtain a nonlinear perturbation solution via the method of multiple scales. The latter scheme provides a scalar variable whose sign and magnitude dictate the nature of the limit cycle. The accuracy of these methods is demonstrated with a high-aspect-ratio highly flexible wing, modeled with nonlinear beam finite elements and the ONERA dynamic stall tool. Stiffness and inertial design variables are allowed to vary spatially throughout the wing, in order to conduct gradient-based optimization of the limit cycle under flutter and mass constraints. The resulting wing structure demonstrates strongly supercritical behavior, as well as several design conflicts between linear (flutter) and nonlinear (limit cycles) sensitivities, which are not present in the uniform baseline wing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo). The authors are also grateful to Dr. J. Jaworski of the University of Cambridge and Dr. M. Ghommem of Virginia Tech for their technical insight concerning the tools used here. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2012.08.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 076YT UT WOS:000313995800007 ER PT J AU Basset, G Xu, YJ Pham, K AF Basset, Gareth Xu, Yunjun Khanh Pham TI Bio-Inspired Rendezvous Strategies and Respondent Detections SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; MOTION CAMOUFLAGE; SPACECRAFT AB In nature, many biological species have devised simple yet effective motion strategies that help them with a variety of tasks, such as foraging and mating. One such phenomenon has been observed in hoverflies, in which a male hoverfly moves in a certain path and appears stationary from the viewpoint of a moving female hoverfly. The use of this new bio-inspired strategy has recently been considered for rendezvous tasks in space situation-awareness missions. In this paper, the feasibilities of applying such a rendezvous strategy to free-flying (i.e., zero applied control acceleration) space vehicles and the respondent detections of such motion strategies to prevent orbital collisions are investigated in the local vertical and local horizontal frame. Algorithms for nontrivial free-flying scenarios are derived for both fixed and free-flying spacecraft. The extended Kalman filter is designed to demonstrate the ability to detect and monitor these types of rendezvous motions. C1 [Basset, Gareth; Xu, Yunjun] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Khanh Pham] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Basset, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM gbasset@knights.ucf.edu; yunjun.xu@ucf.edu; AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles Directorates' Space Scholar Program FX Gareth Basset would like to thank the support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles Directorates' Space Scholar Program 2011. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the United States Air Force, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.2514/1.57921 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 083AO UT WOS:000314435300005 ER PT J AU Macri, FD AF Macri, Franco David TI C Force to Hong Kong: The Price of Collective Security in China, 1941 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB In November 1941 two Canadian infantry battalions arrived in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong as reinforcements for the garrison. This deployment is considered an element of Britain's effort to deter Japanese aggression south against areas more vital, but this paper will demonstrate how other significant geopolitical issues led to this event. Canadian troops were sent to Hong Kong largely because of U.S. influence. Aimed at bolstering Chinese morale, Hong Kong's reinforcement was meant to sustain the Sino-Japanese war in order to provide indirect support to the Soviet Far East when the Red Army faced destruction in Europe. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Macri, FD (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 141 EP 171 PG 31 WC History SC History GA 069VX UT WOS:000313466300006 ER PT J AU Davidson, ME Harbaugh, SV Chushak, YG Stone, MO Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Davidson, Molly E. Harbaugh, Svetlana V. Chushak, Yaroslav G. Stone, Morley O. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Development of a 2,4-Dinitrotoluene-Responsive Synthetic Riboswitch in E. coli Cells SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; DINITROTOLUENE; METABOLITES; EXPRESSION; BIOSENSORS; TRANSPORT; SELECTION AB Riboswitches are RNA sequences that regulate expression of associated downstream genes in response to the presence or absence of specific small molecules. A novel riboswitch that activates protein translation in E. coli cells in response to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) has been engineered. A plasmid library was constructed by incorporation of 30 degenerate bases between a previously described trinitrotoluene aptamer and the ribosome binding site. Screening was performed by placing the riboswitch library upstream of the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease coding sequence in one plasmid; a second plasmid encoded a FRET-based construct linked with a peptide containing the TEV protease cleavage site. Addition of DNT to bacterial culture activated the riboswitch, initiating translation of TEV protease. In turn, the protease cleaved the linker in the FRET based fusion protein, causing a change in fluorescence. This new riboswitch exhibited a 10 fold increase in fluorescence in the presence of 0.5 mM DNT compared to the system without target C1 [Davidson, Molly E.; Harbaugh, Svetlana V.; Chushak, Yaroslav G.; Stone, Morley O.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harbaugh, SV (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM svetlana.harbaugh.ctr@wpafb.al.mil; nancy.kelley-loughnane@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 EI 1554-8937 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1021/cb300274g PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 077DL UT WOS:000314008000027 PM 23092157 ER PT J AU Xie, HM Lin, J Yan, ZY Suter, BW AF Xie, Hongmei Lin, Jun Yan, Zhiyuan Suter, Bruce W. TI Linearized Polynomial Interpolation and Its Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Error control codes; interpolation; linearized polynomials; list decoding; module; network coding ID ALGEBRAIC-GEOMETRY; ERROR-CORRECTION; REED-SOLOMON; CODES AB In this paper, we first propose an interpolation algorithm in a well ordered free module of a linearized polynomial ring, and then use this algorithm to decode several important families of codes, Gabidulin codes, Kotter and Kschischang (KK) codes and Mahdavifar and Vardy (MV) codes. Our decoding algorithm for Gabidulin codes is different from the polynomial reconstruction algorithm by Loidreau. When applied to decode KK codes, our interpolation algorithm is equivalent to the Sudan-style list-1 decoding algorithm proposed by Kotter and Kschischang for KK codes. The interpolation approach is also capable of solving the interpolation problem for the list decoding of MV codes proposed by Mahdavifar and Vardy, and has a lower complexity than Gaussian elimination. An interpolator for list decoding of MV codes has also been implemented in hardware and the synthesis results show that it leads to better throughput and efficiency than Gaussian elimination. C1 [Xie, Hongmei; Lin, Jun; Yan, Zhiyuan] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Xie, HM (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM hox209@lehigh.edu; jul311@lehigh.edu; yan@lehigh.edu; bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU NSF [ECCS-0925890, ECCS-1055877] FX Manuscript received May 18, 2012; accepted September 13, 2012. Date of publication October 03, 2012; date of current version December 12, 2012. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Tong Zhang. This work was supported in part by NSF under Grants ECCS-0925890 and ECCS-1055877. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 206 EP 217 DI 10.1109/TSP.2012.2222400 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 075OJ UT WOS:000313896100023 ER PT J AU Tiley, JS Senkov, O Viswanathan, G Nag, S Hwang, J Banerjee, R AF Tiley, Jaimie S. Senkov, O. Viswanathan, G. Nag, S. Hwang, J. Banerjee, R. TI A Methodology for Determination of gamma ' Site Occupancies in Nickel Superalloys Using Atom Probe Tomography and X-ray Diffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BASE SUPERALLOY; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; NI3AL; PHASE; DT AB A methodology for determining the preferred site occupancy of various alloying elements within ordered gamma' precipitates was developed and applied to Rene88 samples. The method utilized atom probe tomography and X-ray diffraction techniques with controlled monochromated synchrotron beams to determine element positions. Samples were solutionized at 1423 K (1150 degrees C) for 30 minutes and cooled at 24 K/min with subsequent aging at 1033 K (760 degrees C). The synchrotron X-ray diffraction results indicate that niobium prefers to reside on the aluminum sublattice site of the gamma' phase. Additionally, the results indicate that chromium prefers the nickel sublattice sites, while cobalt is likely to occupy both the aluminum and nickel sublattice sites. The X-ray results on the chromium occupancy disagree with atom probe results from the same alloy that indicate that chromium prefers the aluminum sublattice sites. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1456-2 (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2012 C1 [Tiley, Jaimie S.; Senkov, O.; Viswanathan, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Hwang, J.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Jeonbuk 565902, South Korea. RP Tiley, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jaimie.Tiley@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation (ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors greatly appreciate technical help from M. Lucas and E. Karapetrova in conducting the synchrotron X-ray experiments. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported by on-site contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted through UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, and by the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation (ISES) under contract No. FA8650-08-C-5226. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44A IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1456-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 073BO UT WOS:000313718500007 ER PT J AU Kammerdiner, A Pasiliao, E AF Kammerdiner, Alla Pasiliao, Eduardo TI Application of graph-theoretic approaches to the random landscapes of the three-dimensional assignment problem SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fitness landscape; Search algorithms; Digraphs; Spanning forests; Laplacian matrix; Eigenvalues; Algebraic multiplicity AB We study local optima of combinatorial optimization problems. We show that a local search algorithm can be represented as a digraph and apply recent results for spanning forests of a diagraph. We establish a correspondence between the number of local optima and the algebraic multiplicities of eigenvalues of digraph laplacians. We apply our finding to the three-dimensional assignment problem. C1 [Kammerdiner, Alla] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Pasiliao, Eduardo] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Kammerdiner, A (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alla@nmsu.edu RI Kammerdiner, Alla/E-5668-2013; OI Pasiliao, Eduardo/0000-0002-6403-6649 FU National Research Council (NRC) FX A. Kammerdiner gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s11590-011-0396-x PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 077WU UT WOS:000314060900008 ER PT J AU McLean, CP Handa, S Dickstein, BD Benson, TA Baker, MT Isler, WC Peterson, AL Litz, BT AF McLean, Carmen P. Handa, Sonia Dickstein, Benjamin D. Benson, Trisha A. Baker, Monty T. Isler, William C. Peterson, Alan L. Litz, Brett T. TI Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Stress Among Military Medical Personnel SO PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE military; posttraumatic growth; PTSD; medical personnel ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; TRAUMATIC GROWTH; BREAST-CANCER; PTSD; INVENTORY; WAR; PREDICTORS; EXPERIENCE; DEPLOYMENT AB Military medical personnel deployed to war zones are dually burdened with stressors related to providing healthcare and combat and operational experiences. To better understand how different types and levels of stress exposure relate to positive and negative mental health outcomes among military medical personnel, the associations between combat and healthcare stress exposure and posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined among 253 Air Force medical personnel recently redeployed from Iraq. Both types of stress exposure were uniquely associated with increased PTSD symptomatology. However, combat exposure was linearly associated with PTSD, suggesting a dose-response relationship, whereas the relationship between healthcare stress and PTSD was curvilinear. Both forms of stress exposure showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with posttraumatic growth. C1 [McLean, Carmen P.; Handa, Sonia; Dickstein, Benjamin D.; Litz, Brett T.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA USA. [Dickstein, Benjamin D.; Litz, Brett T.] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Benson, Trisha A.; Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX USA. [Baker, Monty T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Isler, William C.] Columbus AFB, Columbus, MS USA. RP McLean, CP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Treatment & Study Anxiety, 3535 Market St,6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mcleanca@mail.med.upenn.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1942-9681 EI 1942-969X J9 PSYCHOL TRAUMA-US JI Psychol. Trauma PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1037/a0022949 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 077BK UT WOS:000314002700009 ER PT J AU Singh, ARP Nag, S Chattopadhyay, S Ren, Y Tiley, J Viswanathan, GB Fraser, HL Banerjee, R AF Singh, A. R. P. Nag, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Ren, Y. Tiley, J. Viswanathan, G. B. Fraser, H. L. Banerjee, R. TI Mechanisms related to different generations of gamma ' precipitation during continuous cooling of a nickel base superalloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel base superalloy; Rene 88 DT; Generations, Nucleation; Spinodal decomposition; Atom probe tomography; EFTEM ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DECOMPOSITION; ALLOYS AB This paper focuses on developing a mechanistic understanding of the process of multiple nucleation bursts leading to the formation of multiple generations (or populations) of gamma' precipitates with different size distributions, during the continuous cooling of a commercially used nickel base superalloy. This mechanistic understanding has been developed based on a number of critical experimental results: direct observation of the multiple nucleation bursts during in situ X-ray diffraction studies in the synchrotron, characterization of the size distributions associated with the different populations of gamma' precipitates by coupling multiple imaging techniques at the appropriate length scale and detailed compositional analysis of the gamma' precipitates as well as the gamma matrix using atom probe tomography. These analyses reveal that while local compositional equilibrium appears to have been achieved near the gamma'/gamma interface for the first generation of precipitates, a non-equilibrium long range diffusion profile in the gamma matrix is retained during the process of continuous cooling, which is largely responsible for the subsequent nucleation bursts at larger undercooling (or lower temperatures), leading to second and third generations of precipitates. Additionally, since these subsequent generations of precipitates are formed at larger undercoolings, they are typically finer in size scale, exhibit far-from equilibrium compositions and also have very diffuse gamma'/gamma interfaces, indicating a non-classical precipitation mechanism associated with their formation. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, A. R. P.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Singh, A. R. P.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MRCAT, CSRRI IIT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Tiley, J.; Viswanathan, G. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES contract FA8650-08-C-5226) for providing financial support for this study. In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas and the Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at the Ohio State University for access to the experimental facilities used for this study. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 280 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.058 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 071OP UT WOS:000313604400026 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Pitotti, R Lairet, J Dixon, P Bush, A Tanen, DA AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Pitotti, Rebecca Lairet, Julio Dixon, Patricia Bush, Anneke Tanen, David A. TI Utility of Sodium Thiosulfate in Acute Cyanide Toxicity Reply SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SUS-SCROFA MODEL; HYDROXOCOBALAMIN C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Pitotti, Rebecca; Lairet, Julio] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Dixon, Patricia; Bush, Anneke] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Tanen, David A.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.08.008 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 069WY UT WOS:000313469000031 PM 23260695 ER PT J AU McCleskey, PE Patel, SM Mansalis, KA Elam, AL Kinsley, TR AF McCleskey, Patrick E. Patel, Seema M. Mansalis, Katherine A. Elam, Amanda L. Kinsley, Tina R. TI Serum Lidocaine Levels and Cutaneous Side Effects After Application of 23% Lidocaine 7% Tetracaine Ointment to the Face SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-SKIN; TOPICAL ANESTHETICS; MONOETHYLGLYCINEXYLIDIDE; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; TOXICITY; SAFETY; CREAM; EMLA AB Background Few published studies have analyzed serum lidocaine levels and individual patient characteristics affecting metabolism after application of compounded topical anesthetics. Objective To measure serum lidocaine levels during and cutaneous side effects after standardized application of 23% lidocaine/7% tetracaine compounded anesthetic to the face of healthy volunteers. Methods and Materials Fifty-two volunteers were enrolled, and compounded 23% lidocaine/7% tetracaine ointment was applied to their faces for 2hours. Lidocaine levels were determined every 30minutes during application and for 2hours after removal. Follow-up telephone calls 3days later assessed cutaneous side effects. Results Median peak lidocaine level was 1.15 mu g/mL, and the highest peak lidocaine level in an individual was 3.4 mu g/mL. Higher serum lidocaine levels were found in men (p<.01), nonwhite volunteers (p=.02), and those with larger facial surface area (p=.04). Age and body mass index did not affect lidocaine levels. Irritant contact dermatitis was common, resulting in hyperpigmentation in some patients. Conclusion Facial surface area, male sex, and nonwhite ethnicity were associated with higher serum lidocaine levels after topical application of lidocaine. Compounded anesthetics containing lidocaine should be used with caution under the direct supervision of a physician. C1 [McCleskey, Patrick E.; Patel, Seema M.; Kinsley, Tina R.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Fairfield, CA USA. [Mansalis, Katherine A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Fairfield, CA USA. [Elam, Amanda L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McCleskey, PE (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM patrick.mccleskey@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1111/dsu.12064 PN 1 PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 071KJ UT WOS:000313591100012 PM 23278914 ER PT J AU Luo, J Cooper, J Cao, CY Pham, K AF Luo, Jie Cooper, John Cao, Chengyu Pham, Khanh TI Cooperative adaptive control of a two-agent system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cooperative control; adaptive control; two-agent system ID COMPLEX DYNAMICAL NETWORK; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION; CONSENSUS; FLOCKING; ROBUSTNESS; AGENTS AB This article presents a new cooperative control framework using an L1 adaptive control for a two-agent dynamic system in the presence of uncertainties. Each agent has its own decentralised controller based on the extended dynamics which include its own local measurements, as well as any information available from the other agent. Each L1 adaptive control law is designed to achieve the local objective of the host agent, as well as handle both local and interconnected uncertainties from the other agent. The global objective is achieved when each agent achieves its own local objective. The stability condition for the global closed-loop system is derived, and simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the presented cooperative control framework. C1 [Luo, Jie; Cooper, John; Cao, Chengyu] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Pham, Khanh] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ccao@engr.uconn.edu FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 86 IS 1 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1080/00207179.2012.720384 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 073YD UT WOS:000313778100012 ER PT J AU Seletskiy, DV Melgaard, SD Epstein, RI Di Lieto, A Tonelli, M Sheik-Bahae, M AF Seletskiy, Denis V. Melgaard, Seth D. Epstein, Richard I. Di Lieto, Alberto Tonelli, Mauro Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor TI Precise determination of minimum achievable temperature for solid-state optical refrigeration SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International conference on luminescence and optical spectroscopy of condensed matter CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2011 CL Ann Arbor, MI DE Optical refrigeration; Laser cooling of solids; Cryogenic laser cooling; Yb:YLF; Anti-Stokes luminescence; Derivative spectroscopy ID YB3+-DOPED GLASS; LASER; LUMINESCENCE AB We measure the minimum achievable temperature (MAT) as a function of excitation wavelength in anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling of high purity Yb3+-doped LiYF4 (Yb:YLF) crystal. Such measurements were obtained by developing a sensitive noncontact thermometry that is based on a two-band differential luminescence spectroscopy using balanced photo-detectors. These measurements are in excellent agreement with the prediction of the laser cooling model and identify MAT of 110 K at 1020 nm, corresponding to E4-E5 Stark manifold transition in Yb:YLF crystal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seletskiy, Denis V.; Melgaard, Seth D.; Epstein, Richard I.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Di Lieto, Alberto; Tonelli, Mauro] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, NEST Ist Nanosci, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Seletskiy, DV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM d.seletskiy@gmail.com RI Seletskiy, Denis/C-1372-2011; Seletskiy, Denis/G-5523-2011 OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595; Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595 FU AFOSR Multi-University Research Initiative Grant entitled Consortium for Laser Cooling in Solids [FA9550-04-1-0356]; DARPA seedling grant FX We wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Markus Hehlen. We also thank Mr. Chengao Wang for GaAs sample preparation and Dr. Michael Hasselbeck for his assistance with LabView software. This work was supported by an AFOSR Multi-University Research Initiative Grant no. FA9550-04-1-0356 entitled Consortium for Laser Cooling in Solids, and a DARPA seedling grant. Research in part was performed while DVS held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 133 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.09.045 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 070AK UT WOS:000313478000002 ER PT J AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Davydov, AV Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Davydov, Albert V. Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav TI SiC nanowire vapor-liquid-solid growth using vapor-phase catalyst delivery SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES AB A method of growing SiC nanowires (NWs) on 4H-SiC surfaces by in situ vapor-phase catalyst delivery was developed as an alternative to the ex situ deposition of the metal catalyst on the targeted surfaces before the NW chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth. In the proposed method, sublimation of the catalyst from a metal source placed in the hot zone of the CVD reactor, followed by condensation of the catalyst-rich vapor on bare substrate surface was used to form the catalyst nanoparticles required for the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of SiC NWs. The NW density was found to gradually decrease downstream from the catalyst source and was influenced by both the gas flow rate and by the catalyst diffusion through the boundary layer above the catalyst source. Formation of poly-Si islands at too low value of the C/Si ratio created preferential nucleation centers for misaligned SiC NWs and NW bushes. The flexibility of controlling the nanoparticle density made this technique suitable for NW growth on horizontal surfaces as well as on patterned SiC substrates, including the vertical sidewalls of SiC mesas. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 52 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.208 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071JW UT WOS:000313589600009 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Morrow, CE Etienne, N Ray-Sannerud, B AF Bryan, Craig J. Morrow, Chad E. Etienne, Neysa Ray-Sannerud, Bobbie TI GUILT, SHAME, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN A MILITARY OUTPATIENT CLINICAL SAMPLE SO DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY LA English DT Article DE suicide; suicidal ideation; guilt; shame; military ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; VIETNAM VETERANS; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; TRAUMATIC EVENTS; PTSD; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION AB Background Increased suicide risk among US military personnel is a growing concern. Research has linked trauma exposure, including exposure to combat-related injuries, death, and atrocities to suicidal ideation among combat veterans. Guilt (feeling bad about what you did to another) and shame (feeling bad about who you are) have been proposed as potential contributors to suicidal ideation among military personnel, but have not yet received much empirical attention. Methods Sixty-nine active duty military personnel receiving outpatient mental health treatment at a military clinic completed self-report symptom measures of guilt, shame, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation while engaged in treatment. Generalized linear regression modeling was utilized to test the association of guilt and shame with suicidal ideation. Results Mean levels of guilt and shame were significantly higher among military personnel with a history of suicidal ideation. Guilt (B = 0.203, SE = .046, P < .001) and shame (B = 0.111, SE = .037, P = .002) were independently associated with severity of current suicidal ideation above and beyond the effects of depression, PTSD symptoms, and the depression-by-PTSD interaction, and fully mediated the relationships of depression and PTSD symptom severity with suicidal ideation. When considered simultaneously, only guilt (B = 0.167, SE = .053, P = .001) was significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation. Conclusions Guilt and shame are associated with increased severity of suicidal ideation in military mental health outpatients. Guilt has a particularly strong relationship with suicidal ideation. Depression and Anxiety 30: 55-60, 2013. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Morrow, Chad E.; Etienne, Neysa] Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, AL USA. [Ray-Sannerud, Bobbie] Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM craig.bryan@utah.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1091-4269 J9 DEPRESS ANXIETY JI Depress. Anxiety PD JAN PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1002/da.22002 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 066VY UT WOS:000313250600008 PM 23077111 ER PT J AU Rojhirunsakool, T Meher, S Hwang, JY Nag, S Tiley, J Banerjee, R AF Rojhirunsakool, T. Meher, S. Hwang, J. Y. Nag, S. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. TI Influence of composition on monomodal versus multimodal gamma ' precipitation in Ni-Al-Cr alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION AB This study investigates the influence of alloy composition on gamma' precipitation in Ni-8Al-8Cr and Ni-10Al-10Cr at.% during continuous cooling from a supersolvus temperature. When subjected to the same cooling rate, Ni-8Al-8Cr develops a monomodal population, whereas Ni-10Al-10Cr develops a multimodal (primarily bimodal) population of gamma' precipitates. The bimodal gamma' precipitate size distribution in Ni-10Al-10Cr alloy can be attributed to two successive nucleation bursts during continuous cooling while the monomodal gamma' size distribution in Ni-8Al-8Cr results from a single nucleation burst followed by a longer time-wider temperature window for nucleation resulting in a larger number density of precipitates. Three-dimensional atom probe investigations reveal that while local equilibrium is achieved across the gamma/gamma' interface, far-field c compositions still retain an excess of Al and a depletion of Cr with respect to equilibrium, thus giving direct experimental evidence of the driving force for subsequent nucleation bursts during continuous cooling in case of Ni-10Al-10Cr. Contrastingly, in case of the Ni-8Al-8Cr alloy, while the c phase retains an excess of Al and a depletion of Cr with respect to equilibrium after continuous cooling to room temperature, the additional driving force is consumed during subsequent isothermal annealing by growth of the large number of gamma' precipitates without any new nucleation. C1 [Rojhirunsakool, T.; Meher, S.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Rojhirunsakool, T.; Meher, S.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Hwang, J. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Taejon, South Korea. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu RI Meher, Subhashish/B-9701-2017 OI Meher, Subhashish/0000-0003-1599-4346 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES Contract, contract number FA8650-08-C-5226). In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas for access to the experimental facilities used for this study. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 48 IS 2 BP 825 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s10853-012-6802-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 062FA UT WOS:000312903400029 ER PT J AU Havrilla, MJ AF Havrilla, Michael John TI SCALAR POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING DYAD ARTIFACT FOR A UNIAXIAL MEDIUM SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID BIANISOTROPIC MEDIA; SOURCE REGION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; HERTZ POTENTIALS; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; CHIRAL MEDIA AB A scalar potential formulation for a uniaxial anisotropic medium is succinctly derived through the exclusive use of Helmholtz's theorem and subsequent identification of operator orthogonality. The resulting formulation is shown to be identical to prior published research, with the notable exception that certain scalar potential fields not considered in previous work are rigorously demonstrated to be unimportant in the field recovery process, thus ensuring uniqueness. In addition, it is revealed that both a physically expected and unexpected depolarizing dyad contribution appears in the development. Using a Green's function spectral domain analysis and subsequent careful application of Leibnitz's rule it is shown that, for an unbounded homogeneous uniaxial medium, the unexpected depolarizing dyad term is canceled, leading to a mathematically and physically consistent and correct theory. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Havrilla@afit.edu FU AFRL Metamaterials Program FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of Dr. Bob Simpson of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate and the AFRL Metamaterials Program. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2013 VL 134 BP 151 EP 168 DI 10.2528/PIER12101214 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 054ZC UT WOS:000312383200009 ER PT J AU Vorstman, JAS Breetvelt, EJ Thode, KI Chow, EWC Bassett, AS AF Vorstman, Jacob A. S. Breetvelt, Elemi J. Thode, Kirstin I. Chow, Eva W. C. Bassett, Anne S. TI Expression of autism spectrum and schizophrenia in patients with a 22q11.2 deletion SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pleiotropy; Copy number variant (CNV); Autism; Schizophrenia; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ID COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL HYPOTHESIS; INCREASE RISK; DISORDERS; MICRODELETION; ADULTS; PHENOTYPE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Copy number variants (CNVs) associated with neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly being identified. While the initial reports were relatively specific, i.e. implicating vulnerability for a particular neuropsychiatric disorder, subsequent studies suggested that most of these CNVs can increase the risk for more than one neuropsychiatric disorder. Possibly, the different neuropsychiatric phenotypes associated with a single genetic variant are really distinct phenomena, indicating pleiotropy. Alternatively, seemingly different disorders could represent the same phenotype observed at different developmental stages or the same underlying pathogenesis with different phenotypic expressions. Aims: To examine the relation between autism and schizophrenia in patients sharing the same CNV. Method: We interviewed parents of 78 adult patients with the 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) to examine if autistic symptoms during childhood were associated with psychosis in adulthood. We used Chi-square, T-tests and logistic regression while entering cognitive level, gender and age as covariates. Results: The subgroup of 22q11.2DS patients with probable ASD during childhood did not show an increased risk for psychosis in adulthood. The average SRS scores were highly similar between those with and those without schizophrenia. Conclusions: ASD and schizophrenia associated with 22q11.2DS should be regarded as two unrelated, distinct phenotypic manifestations, consistent with true neuropsychiatric pleiotropy. 22q11.2DS can serve as a model to examine the mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric pleiotropy associated with other CNVs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vorstman, Jacob A. S.; Breetvelt, Elemi J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Thode, Kirstin I.] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Chow, Eva W. C.; Bassett, Anne S.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Clin Genet Res Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chow, Eva W. C.; Bassett, Anne S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Vorstman, JAS (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM j.a.s.vorstman@umcutrecht.nl FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-79518, MOP-97800]; W. Garfield Weston Foundation [ASB, EWC] FX This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-79518, MOP-97800) and W. Garfield Weston Foundation (ASB, EWC). Dr. Bassett holds the Canada Research Chair in Schizophrenia Genetics and Genomic Disorders. J.A.S. Vorstman M. D., Ph.D. was supported by a 2006 NARSAD Young Investigator Award, funded by Stephen and Constance Lieber. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 143 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.010 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 065AL UT WOS:000313118700010 PM 23153825 ER PT J AU Sanborn, G Turano, S Collins, P Ready, WJ AF Sanborn, Graham Turano, Stephan Collins, Peter Ready, W. Jud TI A thin film triode type carbon nanotube field emission cathode SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The field electron emission of carbon nanotubes has been heavily studied over the past two decades for various applications, such as in display technologies, microwave amplifiers, and spacecraft propulsion. However, a commercializable lightweight and internally gated electron source has yet to be realized. This work presents the fabrication and testing of a novel internally gated carbon nanotube field electron emitter. Several specific methods are used to prevent electrical shorting of the gate layer, a common failure for internally gated devices. A unique design is explored where the etch pits extend into the silicon substrate and isotropic etching is used to create a lateral buffer zone between the gate and carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are self-aligned to and within 10 microns from the gate, which creates large electric fields at low potential inputs. Initial tests confirm high field emission performance with an anode current density (based on total area of the device) of 293 mu A cm(-2) and a gate current density of 1.68 mA cm(-2) at 250 V. C1 [Sanborn, Graham; Turano, Stephan; Ready, W. Jud] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Electopt Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sanborn, Graham; Ready, W. Jud] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Collins, Peter] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanborn, G (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Electopt Syst Lab, 925 Dalney St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM graham.sanborn@gtri.gatech.edu FU Georgia Tech Research Institute; Air Force Institute of Technology; Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-09-C-0142] FX This work was supported by the Georgia Tech Research Institute, Dr. Mitchell Walker and Lake Singh of the High Power Electric Propulsion Laboratory at Georgia Tech, and the Air Force Institute of Technology. Work was partially funded by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, project number HR0011-09-C-0142. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 110 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00339-012-7376-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 064HX UT WOS:000313065900016 ER PT J AU Jersey, SL Jesinger, RA Palka, P AF Jersey, Sean L. Jesinger, Robert A. Palka, Peter TI Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anomalies in U-2 Pilots with Neurological Decompression Sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE U-2; decompression sickness; neurological; radiology; magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; WHITE-MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES; CORTICAL LAMINAR NECROSIS; DIVERS; MRI; ALTITUDE; LESIONS; PREVALENCE; DEFICITS AB JERSEY SL, JESINGER RA, PALKA P. Brain magnetic resonance imaging anomalies in U-2 pilots with neurological decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:3-11. Introduction: This was a retrospective observational study of imaging used to evaluate and treat 13 U-2 pilots with neurological decompression sickness (DCS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) provided data for screening, diagnosis, and determinations of fitness to fly after recovery. While small series and case reports described the role of imaging in diving DCS, none addressed radiology's role in aviation DCS. Methods: We performed a literature review of altitude DCS radiology studies. We then reviewed radiology images at our institution on U-2 pilots with neurological DCS between January 2002 and August 2010. We retrospectively analyzed MRI data for white matter hyper-intensities (WMHs), defined as hyperintense lesions >= 3 mm on T2 and FLAIR. All studies occurred after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Results: There were 17 pilots who reported 20 neurological DCS incidents. Of these 17 pilots, 13 underwent imaging. Two (15%) demonstrated acute subcortical lesions on MRI, seven (54%) had asymptomatic WMHs, and six (46%) were normal. The clinical significance of the lesions is unknown. Consistent with diving DCS, imaging played no role in acute diagnosis. However, imaging was vital for determining fitness for return to flying. Additionally, CT identified a potentially predisposing sinus condition in one pilot which may enable return to flying after treatment. Conclusions: Modern imaging has unique findings for altitude DCS patients. The high incidence of WMHs in this series is a matter of ongoing research to determine potential clinical consequences. Emerging techniques such as functional MRI may play important roles in future aeromedical decisions. C1 [Jersey, Sean L.; Jesinger, Robert A.; Palka, Peter] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Med Grp 60, Travis Afb, CA USA. RP Jersey, SL (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, MC, MDTS SGQX 60, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Afb, CA 94535 USA. EM sean.jersey@us.af.mil NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3405.2013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 062LN UT WOS:000312921400002 PM 23304992 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR AF Carretta, Thomas R. TI Predictive Validity of Pilot Selection Instruments for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Training Outcome SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE remotely piloted aircraft; personnel selection; Air Force Officer Qualifying Test; Pilot Candidate Selection Method AB CARRETTA TR. Predictive validity of pilot selection instruments for remotely piloted aircraft training outcome. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:47-53. Introduction: Demand for remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) support has increased dramatically over the last decade. Initial efforts to meet the demand focused on cross-training experienced manned aircraft pilots and funneling recent Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT) graduates to RPA pilot training. This approach reduced the number of personnel available for manned airframes and is no longer sustainable. In 2009, the USAF established an RPA career field and the Undergraduate RPA Training (URT) course to train officers with no prior flying experience to be RPA pilots. URT selection methods are very similar to those for SUPT. Some important factors for URT applicants are medical flight screening and aptitude tests (Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOOT) and Pilot Candidate Selection Method (PCSM)I. The current study examined the predictive validity of the AFOOT pilot and PCSM composites for URT completion. Method: Subjects were 139 URT students with AFOOT and PCSM scores. The training criterion was URT pass/fail and the pass rate was 74.8%. Results: Both the AFOOT pilot (r = 0.378) and PCSM (r = 0.480) composites demonstrated good predictive validity. Discussion: No minimum qualifying PCSM score exists for URT. Had a minimum PCSM score of 25 been used, the pass rate would have been 80.2%; 12 more eliminees would have been screened out compared with the current AFOOT pilot minimum qualifying score of 25. Although current selection methods are effective, based on results of several RPA job/task analyses, the Air Force is examining the utility of other measures to supplement current methods. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), 711 HPW RHCI,Area B,Bldg 146,Rm 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.carretta@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3441.2013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 062LN UT WOS:000312921400009 PM 23304999 ER PT J AU Matthies, AK Tachikawa, NJ AF Matthies, Andrew K. Tachikawa, Nina J. TI Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists in Aircrew for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE hypotension; G-LOC; LUTS; BPH; aeronautical waivers ID HYPERPLASIA AB MATTHIES AK, TACHIKAWA NJ. Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists in aircrew for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:54-8. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) affects the majority of men later in life. Other than surgery, finasteride (Proscar (R)) is currently the only pharmacologic option available for U.S. Air Force (USAF) aircrew. This article will evaluate the current literature regarding the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy with FDA approved tamsulosin (Flomax (R)) and alfuzosin (Uroxatrol (R)), third-generation alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists. Current literature supports the fact that some third-generation alpha blockers limit the side effects of hypotension when compared to other alpha blockers as a result of the specificity of subtype binding of the receptors and the sustained release formulation. Alpha blockers are currently used almost universally for the treatment of BPH; however, they are currently not approved for USAF aircrew. This article will review the aeromedical implications of the side effects of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists (alfuzosin, tamsulosin), which affect aircrew while performing aeronautical duties, and examine whether alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists should be acceptable medications in certain situations depending on airframe and aeronautical duties. RP Matthies, AK (reprint author), 88 AMDS SGPF,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.k.matthies@dmu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3450.2013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 062LN UT WOS:000312921400010 PM 23305000 ER PT J AU Crouch, R Oskay, C Clay, S AF Crouch, Robert Oskay, Caglar Clay, Stephen TI Multiple spatio-temporal scale modeling of composites subjected to cyclic loading SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Multiscale modeling; Computational homogenization; Composites; Fatigue; Damage mechanics ID FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; DAMAGE MECHANICS; FAILURE ANALYSIS; HOMOGENIZATION; FRACTURE AB This manuscript presents a multiscale modeling methodology for failure analysis of composites subjected to cyclic loading conditions. Computational homogenization theory with multiple spatial and temporal scales is employed to devise the proposed methodology. Multiple spatial scales address the disparity between the length scale of material heterogeneities and the overall structure, whereas multiple temporal scales with almost periodic fields address the disparity between the load period and overall life under cyclic loading. The computational complexity of the multiscale modeling approach is reduced by employing a meso-mechanical model based on eigendeformation based homogenization with symmetric coefficients in the space domain, and an adaptive time stepping strategy based on a quadratic multistep method with error control in the time domain. The proposed methodology is employed to simulate the response of graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Model parameters are calibrated using a suite of experiments conducted on unidirectionally reinforced specimens subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The calibrated model is employed to predict damage progression in quasi-isotropic specimens. The capabilities of the model are validated using acoustic emission testing. C1 [Crouch, Robert; Oskay, Caglar] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, VU Stn B 351831, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Clay, Stephen] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oskay, C (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, VU Stn B 351831, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM caglar.oskay@vanderbilt.edu RI Oskay, Caglar/F-9032-2011 FU Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory through General Dynamics Information Technology Inc. [F3446-09-46-SC01-01] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and experimental facilities provided by the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No: F3446-09-46-SC01-01 through General Dynamics Information Technology Inc.). NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00466-012-0707-9 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 058UF UT WOS:000312659300007 ER PT J AU Butner, CM Adams, DE Foley, JR AF Butner, Charles Matthew Adams, Douglas E. Foley, Jason R. TI Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Bolt Preload on the Dynamic Response of a Bolted Interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID JOINTS; IDENTIFICATION; VIBRATION; STIFFNESS; BEAM; LOAD AB Often in the study of bodies that undergo shock loading, it is desirable to measure the response of such structures with an instrumentation package. This instrumentation can be separated from the external housing by several preloaded interfaces. To better understand the effects of preload on the nonlinear dynamics introduced into the measurement, a simple preloaded interface test fixture was fabricated. Both low amplitude modal impact tests and high amplitude shock loading tests were used to analyze the effects of varying preload between the bodies on the linear and nonlinear dynamics observed in the response of the coupled bodies. The results of these measurements indicated that increases in preload reduced nonlinearity, but could amplify force transmission. Based on these results, a three degree of freedom system model was created to represent the dominant linear modes of response and the qualitative nonlinear characteristics that were observed in the high amplitude shock loading experiments. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006807] C1 [Butner, Charles Matthew] Purdue Ctr Syst Integr, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Adams, Douglas E.] Ctr Syst Integr, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Foley, Jason R.] USAF, Fuzes Branch, Res Lab, Munit Directorate,AFRL RWMF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Butner, CM (reprint author), Purdue Ctr Syst Integr, 1500 Kepner Rd, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. EM charlesbutner@gmail.com; deadams@purdue.edu; jason.foley@eglin.af.mil FU University of Florida; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Florida and Air Force Research Laboratory for the funding that made this research possible. The authors would also like to thank Hassan McGinnis, Sean Andrews, and Nathan Sharp for their assistance with various aspects of this work. The United States Government retains, and by accepting the article for publication, the publisher acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited (96ABW-2011-0429). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 41 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 80 IS 1 AR 011016 DI 10.1115/1.4006807 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 063VF UT WOS:000313029400016 ER PT J AU Pepper, DW Wang, XL Carrington, DB AF Pepper, Darrell W. Wang, Xiuling Carrington, D. B. TI A Meshless Method for Modeling Convective Heat Transfer SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE numerical heat transfer; meshless method; convection; modeling ID BACKWARD-FACING STEP; GALERKIN MLPG METHOD; NATURAL-CONVECTION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; SQUARE CAVITY; EQUATIONS; FLOW; ELEMENT AB A meshless method is used in a projection-based approach to solve the primitive equations for fluid flow with heat transfer. The method is easy to implement in a matlab format. Radial basis functions are used to solve two benchmark test cases: natural convection in a square enclosure and flow with forced convection over a backward facing step. The results are compared with two popular and widely used commercial codes: comsol, a finite element-based model, and fluent, a finite volume-based model. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007650] C1 [Pepper, Darrell W.] UNLV, NCACM, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Wang, Xiuling] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Mech Engn, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Carrington, D. B.] LANL, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pepper, DW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM darrell.pepper@unlv.edu; wangx@purduecal.edu; dcarring@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 1 AR 011003 DI 10.1115/1.4007650 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 063IW UT WOS:000312991100004 ER PT J AU Gresham-Fiegel, CN House, PD Zupan, MF AF Gresham-Fiegel, Carolyn N. House, Paul D. Zupan, Michael F. TI THE EFFECT OF NONLEADING FOOT PLACEMENT ON POWER AND VELOCITY IN THE FENCING LUNGE SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TENDO; natural stance; foot angle; guard position ID LOWER-BODY POWER; INTENSIVE PRACTICE; FENCERS; PERFORMANCE AB Gresham-Fiegel, CN, House, PD, and Zupan, MF. The effect of nonleading foot placement on power and velocity in the fencing lunge. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 57-63, 2013-The fencing lunge is a sport-specific movement, which helps the fencer score quickly and accurately. The fencing lunge is executed from a stable guard position, with the toes of the leading foot pointing directly toward the opponent. As a result of coach or fencer preference, however, the angle of the nonleading foot may vary greatly among fencers, from acute (nonleading foot facing forward) to obtuse (nonleading foot facing slightly backward). Studies in other sports suggest that foot placement may affect the efficient use of leg muscles and influence the power produced. Twenty-five experienced fencers from the U. S. Air Force Academy fencing team executed lunges from 3 specific angles of nonleading foot placement and from the natural stance. Foot placements were measured as the angle of the nonleading foot from the line of the leading foot and were delimited to an acute angle (45 degrees), a perpendicular angle (90 degrees), and an obtuse angle (135 degrees). The angle of natural stance was also determined for each participant. Velocity and power were measured with a TENDO Weightlifting Analyzer, and the data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Two statistical groups were considered, one containing all participants (N = 25) and a second group of participants with a natural forward-deviated stance (n = 15). Significant differences appeared between the nonleading foot placements in peak power (p < 0.001), average power (p < 0.001), peak velocity (p < 0.001), and average velocity (p, 0.001) in both groups. Pairwise t-test results indicated that, for both statistical groups, a perpendicular placement of the feet produced the greatest power and velocity during lunging. C1 [Gresham-Fiegel, Carolyn N.; House, Paul D.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Studies, Edmond, OK USA. [Zupan, Michael F.] USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gresham-Fiegel, CN (reprint author), Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Studies, Edmond, OK USA. EM cngresh@swbell.net FU University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK FX The authors thank Bob Fiegel from Oklahoma Sport Fencing and Abdel Salem, head coach of the USAFA fencing team, for their gracious assistance with the implementation and data collection for this study. This study was supported by a student Research, Creative, and Scholarly Activities grant from the University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK. The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824e0e9d PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 064HZ UT WOS:000313066200008 PM 22395272 ER PT J AU Richardson, DR Lucht, RP Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Gord, JR AF Richardson, Daniel R. Lucht, Robert P. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering concentration measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARS SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; THERMOMETRY; SHOT; CO2 AB Concentration measurements are performed in argon-nitrogen and carbon monoxide-nitrogen binary gas mixtures at temperatures of 300 and 900 K at atmospheric pressure using femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs CARS). Polarization suppression of the nonresonant background is also demonstrated for these concentration measurements. Single laser shot measurements at 1000 Hz are performed using a chirped probe pulse to map the temporal evolution of the Raman coherence of each species onto the spectrum of the CARS signal pulse. The pump and Stokes pulses have full width at half-maximum bandwidths of 320 and 135 cm(-1), respectively and excite Raman transitions with frequencies over a range of 400 cm-1. Single laser shot fs CARS spectra are fit using a theoretical model to extract the concentration measurements. For measurements in argon-nitrogen or carbon monoxide-nitrogen gas mixtures, concentration measurements were performed over the range of 5%-90% nitrogen with typical measurement error being less than 2.0% in absolute concentration. The precision of the measurements was typically better than 1.5% in terms of absolute concentration. Nonresonant background suppression clearly revealed the resonant signals from each gas species, and concentration measurements were performed over a slightly reduced concentration range with comparable results. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Richardson, Daniel R.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@purdue.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-03ER15391]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918, FA8650-09-C-2001, FA8650-10-C-2008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15391; by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2918, FA8650-09-C-2001, and FA8650-10-C-2008 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager); and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Enrique Parra and Chiping Li, Program Managers). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 48 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 060MQ UT WOS:000312782800028 ER PT J AU Marks, CR Sondergaard, R Wolff, M Anthony, R AF Marks, Christopher R. Sondergaard, Rolf Wolff, Mitch Anthony, Rich TI Experimental Comparison of DBD Plasma Actuators for Low Reynolds Number Separation Control SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; FLOW-CONTROL; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; AIR AB This paper presents experimental work comparing several Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator configurations for low Reynolds number separation control. Actuators studied here are being investigated for use in a closed loop separation control system. The plasma actuators were fabricated in the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate's thin film laboratory and applied to a low Reynolds number airfoil that exhibits similar suction surface behavior to those observed on Low Pressure (LP) Turbine blades. In addition to typical asymmetric arrangements producing downstream jets, one electrode configurations was designed to produce an array of off axis jets, and one produced a spanwise array of linear vertical jets in order to generate vorticity and improved boundary layer to freestream mixing. The actuators were installed on an airfoil and their performance compared by flow visualization, surface stress sensitive film (S3F), and drag measurements. The experimental data provides a clear picture of the potential utility of each design. Experiments were carried out at four Reynolds numbers, 1.4 x 10(5), 1.0 x 10(5), 6.0 x 10(4), and 5.0 x 10(4) at a-1.5 deg angle of attack. Data was taken at the AFRL Propulsion Directorate's Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) facility. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006517] C1 [Marks, Christopher R.; Sondergaard, Rolf; Wolff, Mitch; Anthony, Rich] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marks, CR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christopher.marks@udri.udayton.edu; rolf.sondergaard@wpafb.af.mil; james.wolff2@wpafb.af.mil; richard.anthony@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 1 AR 011024 DI 10.1115/1.4006517 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 063IN UT WOS:000312989900024 ER PT J AU Turner, TJ Shade, PA Schuren, JC Groeber, MA AF Turner, T. J. Shade, P. A. Schuren, J. C. Groeber, M. A. TI The influence of microstructure on surface strain distributions in a nickel micro-tension specimen SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATIONS; GENERATED SERIAL SECTIONS; CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LOCALIZED DEFORMATION; FIB-SEM; TEXTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; ORIENTATION AB This work presents an integrated experimental and modeling approach for examining the deformation of a pure nickel polycrystal utilizing micro-mechanical testing and a crystal-based elasto-viscoplastic finite-element model (CPFEM). The objective is to study the influence of microstructure on the heterogeneous deformation in polycrystalline materials, and to utilize a modeling framework to explore aspects of the deformation that are difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. To accomplish this, a micro-tension specimen containing 259 grains was created from a pure nickel foil material and deformed in uniaxial tension. After the deformation, the specimen was destructively serial sectioned in concert with electron back scattering diffraction, and these data were used to instantiate a CPFEM simulation. The material parameters in the CPFEM model were calibrated by matching the experimental macroscopic stress-strain response of the micro-tension specimen, and then the simulation results were compared with experimental surface deformations measured with digital image correlation. After validating the simulation results by comparing measured and predicted surface strain distributions, a parametric study of the influence of both crystallographic texture and grain morphology is presented to better understand the influence of microstructure on the development of heterogeneous deformation in the pure nickel polycrystalline material. C1 [Turner, T. J.; Shade, P. A.; Schuren, J. C.; Groeber, M. A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turner, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/21/1/015002 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 058YV UT WOS:000312672100002 ER PT J AU Sua, YM Malowicki, J Hirano, M Lee, KF AF Sua, Yong Meng Malowicki, John Hirano, Masaaki Lee, Kim Fook TI Generation of high-purity entangled photon pair in a short highly nonlinear fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER AB We generate photon pairs at telecom wavelength through a spontaneous four-wave mixing process in a short 10 m of highly nonlinear fiber. We use a counterpropagating scheme to generate a correlated and entangled photon pair. We observe coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 29 +/- 3 at room temperature (300 K) and as high as 130 +/- 5 when the fiber is cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). Two-photon interference with visibility >98% (>92%) and the violation of Bell's inequality by >12 (approximate to 5) standard deviation are observed at 77 K (300 K), respectively, without subtracting accidental-coincidence count. We obtain a photon-pair production rate about factor 3(2) higher than a 300 m dispersion-shifted fiber at 300 K (77 K). (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Sua, Yong Meng; Lee, Kim Fook] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Malowicki, John] USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Hirano, Masaaki] Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Opt Commun R&D Labs, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2448588, Japan. RP Lee, KF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM kflee@mtu.edu RI Sua, Yong Meng/N-4805-2014 OI Sua, Yong Meng/0000-0001-5533-1032 FU AFRL [FA8750-12-1-0136] FX The Contractor acknowledges the Government's support in the publication of this Letter. This material is based upon research sponsored by AFRL under agreement number FA8750-12-1-0136. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U. S. Government. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 059LZ UT WOS:000312708200025 PM 23282842 ER PT J AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard TI Rule consequentialism and disasters SO PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Act consequentialism; Rule consequentialism; Agent-centered constraints; Disasters; Idealcode; Vagueness ID UTILITARIANISM; MORALITY AB Rule consequentialism (RC) is the view that it is right for A to do F in C if and only if A's doing F in C is in accordance with the set of rules which, if accepted by all, would have consequences which are better than any alternative set of rules (i.e., the ideal code). I defend RC from two related objections. The first objection claims that RC requires obedience to the ideal code even if doing so has disastrous results. Though some rule consequentialists embrace a disaster-clause which permits agents to disregard some of the rules in the ideal code as a necessary means of avoiding disasters, they have not adequately explained how this clause works. I offer such an explanation and show how it fits naturally with the rest of RC. The second disaster objection asserts that even if RC can legitimately invoke a disaster-clause, it lacks principled grounds from distinguishing disasters from non-disasters. In response, I explore Hooker's suggestion that "disaster" is vague. I contend that every plausible ethical theory must invoke something similar to a disaster clause. So if "disaster" is vague, then every plausible ethical theory faces a difficulty with it. As a result, this vagueness is not a reason to prefer other theories to RC. However, I argue, contra Hooker, that the sense of "disaster" relevant to RC is not vague, and RC does indeed have principled grounds to distinguish disasters from non-disasters. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kahn, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM leonardkahn@gmail.com NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-8116 EI 1573-0883 J9 PHILOS STUD JI Philos. Stud. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 162 IS 2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s11098-011-9756-8 PG 18 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 062QG UT WOS:000312934500006 ER PT J AU Sun, WT Won, SH Ombrello, T Carter, C Ju, YG AF Sun, Wenting Won, Sang Hee Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell Ju, Yiguang TI Direct ignition and S-curve transition by in situ nano-second pulsed discharge in methane/oxygen/helium counterflow flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Plasma assisted combustion; In situ discharge; Rayleigh scattering temperature measurement; Ignition; Extinction ID NONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMA; NANOSECOND DISCHARGE; DIFFUSION FLAMES; AIR MIXTURES; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION; METHANE; MECHANISM; PROPANE AB A well-defined plasma assisted combustion system with novel in situ discharge in a counterflow diffusion flame was developed to study the direct coupling kinetic effect of non-equilibrium plasma on flame ignition and extinction. A uniform discharge was generated between the burner nozzles by placing porous metal electrodes at the nozzle exits. The ignition and extinction characteristics of CH4/O-2/He diffusion flames were investigated by measuring excited OH* and OH PLIF, at constant strain rates and O-2 mole fraction on the oxidizer side while changing the fuel mole fraction. It was found that ignition and extinction occurred with an abrupt change of OH* emission intensity at lower O-2 mole fraction, indicating the existence of the conventional ignition-extinction S-curve. However, at a higher O-2 mole fraction, it was found that the in situ discharge could significantly modify the characteristics of ignition and extinction and create a new monotonic and fully stretched ignition S-curve. The transition from the conventional S-curves to a new stretched ignition curve indicated clearly that the active species generated by the plasma could change the chemical kinetic pathways of fuel oxidation at low temperature, thus resulting in the transition of flame stabilization mechanism from extinction-controlled to ignition-controlled regimes. The temperature and OH radical distributions were measured experimentally by the Rayleigh scattering technique and PLIF technique, respectively, and were compared with modeling. The results showed that the local maximum temperature in the reaction zone, where the ignition occurred, could be as low as 900 K. The chemical kinetic model for the plasma-flame interaction has been developed based on the assumption of constant electric field strength in the bulk plasma region. The reaction pathways analysis further revealed that atomic oxygen generated by the discharge was critical to controlling the radical production and promoting the chain branching effect in the reaction zone for low temperature ignition enhancement. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Wenting; Won, Sang Hee; Ju, Yiguang] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, WT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, D115,Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM wentings@princeton.edu RI Won, Sang Hee/B-4839-2012; Sun, Wenting/C-7540-2014 FU MURI from Air Force Office of Scientific Research; [FA9550-07-1-0136] FX This work was supported by the MURI research grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the grant FA9550-07-1-0136. Wenting Sun thanks James Michael and Dr. Tanvir Farouk from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University for the help of the Rayleigh scattering measurement and numerical modeling, respectively. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 847 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.104 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065CN UT WOS:000313125400083 ER PT J AU Thorp, K AF Thorp, Katie TI Untitled SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorp, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Katie.Thorp@frontier.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 063SQ UT WOS:000313021400001 ER PT J AU Borg, JP Morrissey, MP Perich, CA Vogler, TJ Chhabildas, LC AF Borg, J. P. Morrissey, M. P. Perich, C. A. Vogler, T. J. Chhabildas, L. C. TI In situ velocity and stress characterization of a projectile penetrating a sand target: Experimental measurements and continuum simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Penetration dynamics; Sand; Particle image velocimetry; Hydrodynamic simulations ID IMPACT; DYNAMICS; CONCRETE; EQUATION; MEDIA AB Understanding the impact, penetration and cavity formation of heterogeneous granular systems is of fundamental importance to a wide variety of research endeavors. In this work a series of experiments were conducted in order to investigate the penetration dynamics of loose dry sand. High-speed photography coupled with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to capture both the grain and bulk response of the penetration event, while buried quartz gages simultaneously recorded transmitted stress wave profiles. Depth of penetration was measured via postmortem examination. Experiments were conducted over a velocity range of 30-200 m/s using both cylindrical and spherical projectiles in a unique semi-infinite experimental configuration in order to directly observe a cross-section of the impact and penetration event. The experimental results are compared to simple continuum Eulerian hydrocode simulations and an analytic penetration model. The simulations are not able to resolve both stress and velocity measurements. However, the simulations do reproduce the depth of penetration for a wide variety of penetration experiments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Borg, J. P.; Morrissey, M. P.; Perich, C. A.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, AFRL RW, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. RP Borg, JP (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM john.borg@mu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-0045] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grant HDTRA1-09-0045. We would like to acknowledge Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) for providing summer support for the students to collect preliminary data, without which this research could not have been initiated. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.07.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 053OM UT WOS:000312282300004 ER PT J AU Burns, H AF Burns, Hugh TI On the Blunt Edge: Technology in Composition's History and Pedagogy SO RHETORIC REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Burns, Hugh] Texas Womans Univ, Denton, TX 76204 USA. [Burns, Hugh] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Burns, H (reprint author), Texas Womans Univ, Denton, TX 76204 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0735-0198 J9 RHETOR REV JI Rhetor. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1080/07350198.2013.739510 PG 6 WC Language & Linguistics; Literature SC Linguistics; Literature GA 055WQ UT WOS:000312449000010 ER PT J AU Tappin, SJ Altrock, RC AF Tappin, S. J. Altrock, R. C. TI The Extended Solar Cycle Tracked High into the Corona SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona; Solar cycle ID WIND AB We present observations of the extended solar cycle activity in white-light coronagraphs, and compare them with the more familiar features seen in the Fe xiv green-line corona. We show that the coronal activity zones seen in the emission corona can be tracked high into the corona. The peak latitude of the activity, which occurs near solar maximum, is found to be very similar at all heights. But we find that the equatorward drift of the activity zones is faster at greater heights, and that during the declining phase of the solar cycle, the lower branch of activity (that associated with the current cycle) disappears at about 3R (aS (TM)). This implies that during the declining phase of the cycle, the solar wind detected near Earth is likely to be dominated by the next cycle. The so-called "rush to the poles" is also seen in the higher corona. In the higher corona it is found to start at a similar time but at lower latitudes than in the green-line corona. The structure is found to be similar to that of the equatorward drift. C1 [Tappin, S. J.; Altrock, R. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. RP Tappin, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. EM jtappin@nso.edu; altrock@nso.edu FU National Science Foundation; US Air Force FX The Mauna Loa coronameter data are provided courtesy of the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, operated by the High Altitude Observatory, as part of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. LASCO was built by a consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, USA), the Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (Lindau, Germany) the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale (Marseille, France) and the University of Birmingham (Birmingham, UK) and is a part of the SOHO mission which is a collaborative mission of ESA and NASA. Partial support for NSO (including the work of SJT and the operation of the coronagraph) is provided by the US Air Force under a Memorandum of Agreement. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 282 IS 1 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-0133-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051NA UT WOS:000312132800015 ER PT S AU Park, SU Wei, D De Graef, M Shah, M Simmons, J Hero, AO AF Park, Se Un Wei, Dennis De Graef, Marc Shah, Megna Simmons, Jeff Hero, Alfred O. GP IEEE TI EBSD IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING A PHYSICS-BASED FORWARD MODEL SO 2013 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 15-18, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image Segmentation; Dictionary Learning; Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD); Pattern Matching; Materials Science ID LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB We propose a segmentation and anomaly detection method for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images. In contrast to conventional methods that require Euler angles to be extracted from diffraction patterns, the proposed method operates on the patterns directly. We use a forward model implemented as a dictionary of diffraction patterns generated by a detailed physics-based simulation of EBSD. The combination of full diffraction patterns and a dictionary allows anomalies to be detected at the same time as grains are segmented, and also increases robustness to noise and instrument blur. The proposed method is demonstrated on a sample of the Ni-base alloy IN100. C1 [Park, Se Un; Wei, Dennis; Hero, Alfred O.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Graef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Shah, Megna; Simmons, Jeff] Air Force Res Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Park, SU (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-2341-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2013 BP 3780 EP 3784 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FD UT WOS:000351597603174 ER PT S AU Glauvitz, NE Coutu, RA Petkie, DT Medvedev, IR AF Glauvitz, Nathan E. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Petkie, Douglas T. Medvedev, Ivan R. GP IEEE TI A Micro-Cantilever Based Photoacoustic Detector Of Terahertz Radiation For Chemical Sensing SO 2013 38TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 01-06, 2013 CL Mainz, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Phys Measurement Tech IPM, Univ Kaiserslautern, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, State Rhineland Palatinate, Minist Sci & Educ, OPTIMAS, Xiton Photon GmbH, Univ Kaiserslautern, Fac Phys, HUBNER, Edinburgh Instruments, Lake Shore, Anritsu Corp, Innovat Ctr Appl Syst Modeling, Optence, TRAS Inc, Advantest, Edmund Opt AB A Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever pressure sensor was designed, modeled, fabricated, and tested for sensing the photoacoustic response of gases to Terahertz (THz) radiation. This paper describes manufacturing, experimental set-up and the most recent spectroscopic results, which demonstrate the capabilities of this spectroscopic technique. C1 [Glauvitz, Nathan E.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Petkie, Douglas T.; Medvedev, Ivan R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Glauvitz, NE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4673-4717-4 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7OW UT WOS:000345855300141 ER PT J AU Reshetnyak, VY Pinkevych, IP Sluckin, T Cook, G Evans, DR AF Reshetnyak, Victor Yu. Pinkevych, Igor P. Sluckin, Tim Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. GP IEEE TI Dynamic director grating and two beam energy exchange in photorefractive hybrid cholesteric cell SO 2013 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS IN MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (METAMATERIALS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS) CY SEP 16-19, 2013 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE AB We develop a theoretical model to describe two-beam energy exchange in a hybrid photorefractive inorganic-cholesteric cell. Weak and strong light beams are incident on the cell and induce a periodic space-charge field in the photorefractive windows. This field penetrates into the LC, inducing a diffraction grating written on the LC director. Flexoelectricity is the principal physical mechanism governing the magnitude of the director grating. We calculated the energy gain of the weak beam as a result of its interaction with the pump beam within the diffraction grating. The calculation includes rotation of the light beam polarization in the cholesteric LC and the spectral position of its gap. Theoretical results for the exponential gain coefficient have been compared with experiment for hybrid cells filled with cholesteric LC BL038/CB15 in the single photorefractive window geometry. A good fit between experiment and theory can be achieved, providing good evidence that the key physics of the system has been correctly identified. C1 [Reshetnyak, Victor Yu.; Pinkevych, Igor P.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Sluckin, Tim] Univ Southampton, Sch Mathematics, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reshetnyak, VY (reprint author), Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, Volodymyrska St, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. EM victor.reshetnyak@gmail.com RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1232-2 PY 2013 BP 451 EP 453 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC3WE UT WOS:000352010200151 ER PT S AU Benson, MJ Thomas, HJ Reed, SA Floersheim, B Condly, SJ AF Benson, Michael J. Thomas, Hans J. Reed, Shad A. Floersheim, Bruce Condly, Steven J. GP ASEE TI Leveraging Summer Immersive Experiences into ABET Curricula SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB Summer immersive experiences for undergraduate students in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering programs come in varied forms and can represent a substantial effort by staff and faculty, as well as considerable financial resources to coordinate. Experiences range from work in governmental laboratories and research centers to collaboration with industry partners, and may include graduate research at distant academic locations. This study seeks to evaluate the utility of these work experiences, measuring their effectiveness across ABET program outcomes and assessing their contribution to student learning and motivation to continue to learn. A survey of 53 students who conducted immersive experiences related to Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering disciplines from the United States Air Force Academy and the United States Military Academy has been conducted. Survey results are analyzed to determine the overall value provided by the experience as measured across program outcomes outlined in ABET criteria 3 (a-k). The unique contributions available from the experience are balanced with the administrative requirements to suggest a best practice in leveraging the most from these experiences and to assist programs that might consider initiating or refining their own participation in similar programs. C1 [Benson, Michael J.; Thomas, Hans J.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Thomas, Hans J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Floersheim, Bruce] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Condly, Steven J.] US Mil Acad, Off Inst Res, Taylor Hall 5th Floor, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Benson, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM scondly@gmail.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454802052 ER PT S AU Brown, AO Crawford, RH Jensen, DD Rencis, JJ Liu, JC Watson, KA Jackson, KS Hackett, RK Schimpf, PH Chen, CC Orabi, II Akasheh, F Wood, JJ Dunlap, BU Sargent, ER AF Brown, Ashland O. Crawford, Richard H. Jensen, Daniel D. Rencis, Joseph J. Liu, Jiancheng Watson, Kyle A. Jackson, Kathy Schmidt Hackett, Rachelle Kisst Schimpf, Paul Henry Chen, Chuan-Chiang Orabi, Ismail I. Akasheh, Firas Wood, John J. Dunlap, Brock U. Sargent, Ella R. GP ASEE TI Assessment of Active Learning Modules: An Update of Research Findings SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE ID CURRICULUM AB The landscape of contemporary engineering education is ever changing, adapting and evolving. As an example, finite element theory and application has often been included in graduate-level courses in engineering programs; however, current industry needs bachelor's-level engineering graduates with skills in applying this essential analysis and design technique. Engineering education is also changing to include more active learning. In response to the need to introduce undergrads to the finite element method as well as the need for engineering curricula to include more active learning, we have developed, implemented and assessed a suite of Active Learning Module (ALMs). The ALMs are designed to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts while students gain essential knowledge of finite element analysis. We have used the Kolb Learning Cycle as a conceptual framework to guide our design of the ALMs. Originally developed using MSC Nastran, followed by development efforts in SolidWorks Simulation, ANSOFT, ANSYS, and other commercial FEA software packages, a team of researchers, with National Science Foundation support, have created over twenty-eight active learning modules. We will discuss the implementation of these learning modules which have been incorporated into undergraduate courses that cover topics such as machine design, mechanical vibrations, heat transfer, bioelectrical engineering, electromagnetic field analysis, structural fatigue analysis, computational fluid dynamics, rocket design, chip formation during manufacturing, and large scale deformation in machining. This update on research findings includes statistical results for each module which compare performance on pre-and post-learning module quizzes to gauge change in student knowledge related to the difficult engineering concepts that each module addresses. Statistically significant student performance gains provide evidence of module effectiveness. In addition, we present statistical comparisons between different personality types (based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI, subgroups) and different learning styles (based on Felder-Solomon ILS subgroups) in regards to the average gains each group of students have made on quiz performance. Although exploratory, and generally based on small sample sizes at this point in our multi-year effort, the modules for which subgroup differences are found are being carefully reviewed in an attempt to determine whether modifications should be made to better ensure equitable impact of the modules across students from specific personality and /or learning styles subgroups (e.g., MBTI Intuitive versus Sensing; ILS Sequential versus Global). C1 [Brown, Ashland O.] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Clay N Hixson Chair Engn Leadership, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Liu, Jiancheng] Univ Pacific, Dept Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Watson, Kyle A.] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Jackson, Kathy Schmidt] Penn State Univ, Schreyer Inst Teaching Excellence, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hackett, Rachelle Kisst] Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Schimpf, Paul Henry] Eastern Washington Univ, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Chen, Chuan-Chiang] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Mech Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Orabi, Ismail I.] Univ New Haven, Dept Mech Engn, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Akasheh, Firas] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wood, John J.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Dunlap, Brock U.] Univ Texas Austin, Act Learning & Prototyping Methodol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sargent, Ella R.] Univ Pacific, Benerd Sch Educ, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. RP Brown, AO (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 26 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HB UT WOS:000375256301018 ER PT S AU Camburn, BA Dunlap, BU Viswanathan, VK Linsey, JS Jensen, DD Crawford, RH Otto, K Wood, KL AF Camburn, Bradley Adam Dunlap, Brock U. Viswanathan, Vimal Kumar Linsey, Julie S. Jensen, Daniel D. Crawford, Richard H. Otto, Kevin Wood, Kristin L. GP ASEE TI Connecting Design Problem Characteristics to Prototyping Choices to Form a Prototyping Strategy SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE ID SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY C1 [Camburn, Bradley Adam; Dunlap, Brock U.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Viswanathan, Vimal Kumar; Linsey, Julie S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Otto, Kevin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Engn Product Design Pillar, Singapore, Singapore. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Pillar, Singapore, Singapore. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, IDC, Singapore, Singapore. RP Camburn, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454807017 ER PT S AU Hess, HL Peterson, B Elmore, S Mundy, A AF Hess, Herbert L. Peterson, Brian Elmore, Susan Mundy, Al GP ASEE TI Hands-on Learning of Commercial Electrical Wiring Practices for Electrical Engineering Students Through Two-University Cooperative Effort SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB Development of hands-on training hardware to teach commercial electrical wiring practices at one university extended to another. Motivation is students who graduate to electrical engineering positions without any experience with the electrical codes or in wiring elementary circuits to code requirements. Four different trainer units were created to give students the hands-on opportunity to wire several common circuits. These units have standard 2x4 stud construction. Wires are already run and boxes are already installed for the experiments at hand. In an integrated approach, students learn to make connections and test their circuits against code. Innovative methods of testing and display of the units are shown. Safety procedures are discussed. Each university benefits from the lessons learned by the other. Assessments, both formative and summative, are presented and are used for continuous improvement. C1 [Hess, Herbert L.] Univ Idaho, Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Peterson, Brian] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Elmore, Susan; Mundy, Al] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hess, HL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 AR UNSP 6593 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HA UT WOS:000375255601037 ER PT S AU Liu, JH Yue, Z Ruths, J Moreno, D Jensen, DD Wood, KL AF Liu Junhua Yue Zhang Ruths, Justin Moreno, Diana Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, Kristin L. GP ASEE TI Innovations in Software Engineering Education: An Experimental Study of Integrating Active Learning and Design-based Learning SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE ID ACHIEVEMENT; MECHANICS AB Significant advancements have been made in engineering education in recent years. An important outcome of these advancements is the integration and extension of fundamental pedagogies as part of engineering curricula, as well as the need for continued research into the effectiveness of these pedagogies on students' learning within engineering knowledge domains. In this paper, we focus on an engineering educational research study in the domain of software engineering. This study considers the important research question of the efficacy of traditional lecture-homework-project teaching approaches compared to peer-to-peer active learning when combined with design-based learning approaches. The focus of the study is on participants' qualitative assessment and self-reported motivation for learning fundamental programming and software engineering principles when comparing the teaching approaches. The participants are divided into a control group focusing on a traditional teaching approach and an experimental group where the teaching includes a unique integration of peer-to-peer learning and design-based pedagogy. Results from this study demonstrate that software engineering concepts taught in either pedagogical framework are well received by the students, and both groups show distinct improved performance relative to entering the course. However, a peer-to-peer active environment and design-based learning framework are received with much greater interest, engagement, sense of relevance, and intrinsic motivation, especially related to particular classroom and lab experiences. C1 [Liu Junhua; Yue Zhang; Ruths, Justin; Moreno, Diana; Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Pillar, Singapore, Singapore. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, IDC, Singapore, Singapore. RP Liu, JH (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 45 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454807006 ER PT S AU Mundy, A Laffely, A Cooper, BJ York, G Hess, HL AF Mundy, Al Laffely, Andrew Cooper, Bryan John York, George Hess, Herbert L. GP ASEE TI Promoting STEM with an Electric Energy System SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) has been designated as a demonstration Net-Zero Energy installation meaning it should attempt to generate as much energy as it uses. With a primary mission of education, USAFA has a unique opportunity to contribute to the Net-Zero Energy efforts while at the same time promoting Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). Within USAFA, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering has developed a Green Energy Lab to further both faculty and student understanding of solar, wind, and other energy generation technologies and their applications. Over the last several years and including the current year, undergraduate senior capstone teams have designed and developed a highly mobile renewable/green energy system supporting the Net Zero goal. The system consists of an all-electric off-road vehicle with an off-road energy storage trailer that can store power generated from solar, wind, and mechanical sources. The complete system can be easily driven or carried to virtually any location or venue such as University Football games, graduation ceremonies, and other local energy related events. Being mobile, the system provides an opportunity for the exposure of green/renewable systems to primary and secondary school age children who are primary STEM targets. The system has been built with STEM outreach in mind and specifically allows for hands on demonstrations and fun experiments that can be done anywhere including school parking lots. As an engineering challenge, each year one of our capstone teams will take on the task of improving and expanding the capabilities of the system thus requiring the capstone students to acquire in-depth, hands-on knowledge of many different systems and engineering problems including multiple voltage levels, AC and DC power conversion, energy storage, power distribution, and economics of energy. This paper describes the energy system, the STEM outreach benefits, and the relevance to undergraduate engineering. C1 [Mundy, Al] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Laffely, Andrew; York, George] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hess, Herbert L.] Univ Idaho, Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Mundy, A (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HA UT WOS:000375255608059 ER PT S AU Richards, MJ Jensen, DD Christopher, JD AF Richards, Michael J. Jensen, Daniel D. Christopher, Jason Daniel GP ASEE TI Video Recording vs. Class Visits: A Comparison of Two Faculty Development Tools SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE C1 [Richards, Michael J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Christopher, Jason Daniel] US Air Force Acad, DFEM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Richards, MJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454806016 ER PT S AU Wahlquist, JA Jensen, DD Wood, KL Fitle, K Carte, D AF Wahlquist, Joseph Anders Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, Kristin L. Fitle, Kyle Carte, David GP ASEE TI Using Mini Design Competitions in Capstone Courses to Teach the Design Process SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB For many senior undergraduate engineering students, the capstone design project is their first experience implementing the design process. As a result many capstone teams do not grasp the importance of the early stages of the design process. To help students better understand how these early steps will impact the overall project; capstone students were given the opportunity to participate in a mini design competition. These students took two weeks to produce classroom demos which were evaluated by instructors for their usefulness in teaching. In the current research, this set of students forms the "experimental" group. Other students were given an overview of the design in a classroom setting, but did not have the opportunity to implement the process outside of their main capstone experience. This set of students forms the control group. It was hypothesized that using the students' time in the design competition would get students excited for their capstone project, help them be more comfortable using the lab equipment, and help them better understand the design process. A quiz was administered to assess student understanding of the design process, motivation, and lab equipment familiarity. The scores from the experimental and control groups were compared. Qualitative assessment by capstone mentors indicates that students exposed to the mini design exercise had a more holistic understanding of the design process. Additionally, quiz scores indicated a slightly more rapid increase in understanding. However, the design competition did not appear to affect familiarity with lab equipment and or student motivation. This paper reports on the details of the mini design competition, the specifics of the assessment instruments and the details of the qualitative and quantitative assessment results. C1 [Wahlquist, Joseph Anders] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Fitle, Kyle; Carte, David] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Wahlquist, JA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 AR UNSP 6204 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454804056 ER PT S AU York, G Royer, EG Harold, DH Jensen, DD AF York, George Royer, Erlind George Harold, Daniel Harold Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI Assessment of a Multi-University Unmanned Systems Capstone Design Project SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB In this paper we discuss the assessment methods for a senior capstone design project involving teams from three geographically separated universities, as well as the challenges the students faced and lessons learned. The project title was the Joint Cooperative Unmanned Systems Initiative (JCUSI). Each team was tasked with developing an unmanned autonomous system operating in a different medium (air, water, and ground) to cooperatively work together to complete a mission of protecting a harbor. JCUSI is unique in that the customer funding the project will most likely employ the students involved either as engineers implementing future unmanned systems or as operators of unmanned systems. Consequently, the sponsor was involved in defining the learning outcomes of the project, which were added to our normal pedagogical outcomes for this capstone engineering design course. C1 [York, George] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Royer, Erlind George] USAF Acad, Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Harold, Daniel Harold] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP York, G (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE0YQ UT WOS:000367454803062 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Zunoubi, MR Corcoran, CJ AF Bochove, Erik J. Zunoubi, Mohammad R. Corcoran, Christopher J. GP IEEE TI Theory of Phase-Locking of Large Multistable Fiber Amplifier Array Coupled in an External Cavity SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB The transmission characteristic of a fiber amplifier array is shown to be a multivalued function of pump power, analogous to a passive etalon with Kerr nonlinearity (Felber et al, APL, 1976), of which highest gain solutions possess robust phase-locking. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] Kirtland Air Force Base, RDLE, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Zunoubi, Mohammad R.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Corcoran, Christopher J.] Corcoran Engn Inc, Newton, MA 02465 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), Kirtland Air Force Base, RDLE, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504228 ER PT S AU Hsu, PS Roy, S Jiang, NB Patnaik, A Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Roy, Sukesh Jiang, Naibo Patnaik, Anil Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Advances in fiber-coupled pulsed-laser diagnostics for simultaneous species-concentration and velocity measurements in practical combustors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID IMAGE VELOCIMETRY AB A fiber-coupled, 10-kHz, UV-PLIF and PIV combined detection system employing a common 6-m-long optical fiber is developed for simultaneous 2D fields of OH radical concentration and velocity measurements in practical combustion facilities. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Roy, Sukesh; Jiang, Naibo] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Patnaik, Anil; Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, PS (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Paul.Hsu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503003 ER PT S AU Husaini, S Slagle, JE Murray, JM Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Bedford, RG AF Husaini, Saima Slagle, Jonathan E. Murray, Joel M. Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leonel P. Bedford, Robert G. GP IEEE TI Broadband saturable and reverse saturable absorption in graphene-based nanocomposites SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Nonlinear optical studies are carried out on graphene-based polymer composites in the nanosecond and picosecond temporal regime. These graphene-composites demonstrate saturable absorption followed by reverse saturable absorption which depends on graphene content and operation regime. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Husaini, Saima; Bedford, Robert G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Murray, Joel M.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Husaini, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saima.husaini.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503215 ER PT S AU Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI An Efficient Frequency-Quadrupling Scheme for Generating Femtosecond UV Radiation Near 200 nm SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We design and demonstrate an efficient fourth-harmonic generation scheme for obtaining femtosecond pulses near 200 nm from the output of a moderately tunable Ti:sapphire ultrafast amplifier. Overall per pulse conversion efficiency of 1.8% is reported. C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM waruna.kulatilaka.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502350 ER PT S AU Mee, JK Raghunathan, R Murrell, D Crowley, MT Lester, LF AF Mee, J. K. Raghunathan, R. Murrell, D. Crowley, M. T. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Expanded Operational Range in Quantum Dot Passively Mode-Locked Lasers with Low Unsaturated Absorption SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB A previously unreported correlation is presented between reduced values of unsaturated absorption at the laser gain peak and low measured time-bandwidth-product (TBP) values of optical pulses emitted from monolithic quantum dot passively mode-locked lasers. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Mee, J. K.; Raghunathan, R.; Murrell, D.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Mee, J. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87120 USA. [Crowley, M. T.] BinOpt Corp, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Mee, JK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM jesse.mee@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502231 ER PT S AU Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Sheik-Bahae, M AF Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Optical refrigeration achieves Delta T > 180K SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report new records in optical refrigeration by cooling to 114K (Delta T>180K) as well as demonstrating a room-temperature heat lift of similar to 750 mW in a 10% wt. Yb:YLF crystal at lambda=1020 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Melgaard, Seth D.; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Melgaard, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Melgaard@unm.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505229 ER PT S AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil. K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Role of Saturation of Rotational Raman Transition on Femtosecond Vibrational CARS SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Saturation of femtosecond vibrational Raman coherence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal in air show drastically different characteristic compared to nanosecond regime. Rotational Raman saturation is shown to dictate the behavior of vibrational Raman. C1 [Patnaik, Anil. K.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil. K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502351 ER PT S AU Tassev, V Snure, M Peterson, R Schepler, K Bedford, R Mann, M Vangala, S Goodhue, W Lin, A Harris, J Fejer, M Schunemann, P AF Tassev, V. Snure, M. Peterson, R. Schepler, K. Bedford, R. Mann, M. Vangala, S. Goodhue, W. Lin, A. Harris, J. Fejer, M. Schunemann, P. GP IEEE TI Recent Progress in Development Orientation-Patterned GaP for Next-Generation Frequency Conversion Devices SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID ABSORPTION; GAAS AB Progress in developing a cost effective technique for fabrication of orientation patterned GaP templates and a reliable technology for thick epitaxial growth on them is described. First 350 mu m thick device quality OPGaP is produced. C1 [Tassev, V.; Snure, M.; Peterson, R.; Schepler, K.; Bedford, R.; Mann, M.; Vangala, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, S.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Goodhue, W.; Lin, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Harris, J.; Fejer, M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schunemann, P.] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Tassev, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.tassev@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503268 ER PT S AU Wei, J Murray, JM Gonzalez, LP Chang, Y Sivananthan, S Guha, S AF Wei, Jean Murray, Joel M. Gonzalez, Leonel P. Chang, Yong Sivananthan, Siva Guha, Shekhar GP IEEE TI A Semiconductor Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Wavelengths SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; FEMTOSECOND AB Saturable absorption of nanosecond and picosecond duration pulses in a thin HgCdTe film is reported at 4.6 mu m. The material shows promise as a mode locker for mid-infrared ultrafast lasers. C1 [Wei, Jean; Murray, Joel M.; Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wei, Jean; Murray, Joel M.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Chang, Yong] Sivananthan Labs Inc, Bolingbrook, IL USA. [Sivananthan, Siva] Univ Illinois, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Sivananthan, Siva] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jean.wei@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503186 ER PT S AU Cao, YC Muse, J Casbeer, D Kingston, D AF Cao, Yongcan Muse, Jonathan Casbeer, David Kingston, Derek GP IEEE TI Circumnavigation of an Unknown Target Using UAVs with Range and Range Rate Measurements SO 2013 IEEE 52ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 10-13, 2013 CL Florence, ITALY SP Honeywell, MathWorks, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Univ Trieste, Elsevier, GE Global Res, Natl Instruments, PendCon, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Wolfram, Journal Franklin Inst, United Technologies Res Ctr, Danieli Automat AB This paper presents two control algorithms enabling a UAV to circumnavigate an unknown target using range and range rate (i.e., the derivative of range) measurements. Given a prescribed orbit radius, both control algorithms (i) tend to drive the UAV toward the tangent of prescribed orbit when the UAV is outside or on the orbit, and (ii) apply zero control input if the UAV is inside the desired orbit. The algorithms differ in that, the first algorithm is smooth and unsaturated while the second algorithm is non-smooth and saturated. By analyzing properties associated with the bearing angle of the UAV relative to the target and through proper design of Lyapunov functions, it is shown that both algorithms produce the desired orbit for an arbitrary initial state. Two examples are provided as a proof of concept. C1 [Cao, Yongcan; Muse, Jonathan; Casbeer, David; Kingston, Derek] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yongcan.cao@gmail.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4673-5717-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2013 BP 3617 EP 3622 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BC4AR UT WOS:000352223504024 ER PT S AU Lesser, K Oishi, M Erwin, RS AF Lesser, Kendra Oishi, Meeko Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Stochastic Reachability for Control of Spacecraft Relative Motion SO 2013 IEEE 52ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 10-13, 2013 CL Florence, ITALY SP Honeywell, MathWorks, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Univ Trieste, Elsevier, GE Global Res, Natl Instruments, PendCon, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Wolfram, Journal Franklin Inst, United Technologies Res Ctr, Danieli Automat ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; HYBRID SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The concept of stochastic reachability allows for the assessment, before any maneuvers are initiated, of the probability of successfully implementing a rendezvous or docking procedure for spacecraft. The so-called reach-avoid problem lets us find the probability of reaching a target set while avoiding some unsafe or undesired set, despite uncertainty due to nonlinearity and disturbances. This paper examines two novel methods for the calculation of stochastic reachable sets, and specifically for rendezvous and docking problems. In particular, we examine a) particle (or scenario) approximations to expected values, and b) conversion of the reach-avoid probability to a chance-constrained convex optimization problem. Both methods allow for computation of the reach-avoid set in higher dimensions, as compared to other existing methods for computing stochastic reachable sets. We describe in detail both of these methods, and then apply them to spacecraft relative motion, a four-dimensional problem. C1 [Lesser, Kendra; Oishi, Meeko] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lesser, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM lesser@unm.edu; oishi@unm.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4673-5717-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2013 BP 4705 EP 4712 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BC4AR UT WOS:000352223505055 ER PT B AU Zhang, YMD Amin, MG Ahmad, F Himed, B AF Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Ahmad, Fauzia Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI DOA ESTIMATION USING A SPARSE UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY WITH TWO CW SIGNALS OF CO-PRIME FREQUENCIES SO 2013 IEEE 5TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 15-18, 2013 CL FRANCE SP IEEE DE Co-prime array; sparse array; DOA estimation; compressive sensing; group sparsity AB In this paper, we propose the use of a sparse uniform linear array to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of more sources than the number of sensors by exploiting two continuous wave signals whose frequencies satisfy a certain coprime relationship. This extends the co-prime array and filter concept, which was developed in either the spectral or spatial domain, to a joint spatio-spectral domain, thereby achieving high flexibility in array structure design to meet the degrees-of-freedom and system complexity constraints. The DOA estimation is implemented in the difference co-array context to avoid spatial undersampling, and group sparsity based compressive sensing techniques are used to determine the direction of signal arrivals. C1 [Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.; Ahmad, Fauzia] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab AFRL RYMD, RF Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, YMD (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-D-1303]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0061.]; [FA8650-12-D-1376] FX The work of Y. D. Zhang, M. G. Amin, and F. Ahmad was supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303, by a subcontract with Defense Engineering Corporation for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-12-D-1376, and by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-13-1-0061. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-3146-3; 978-1-4673-3144-9 PY 2013 BP 404 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC1BA UT WOS:000349915100102 ER PT J AU White, J Park, JS Kamhoua, CA Kwiat, KA AF White, Jonathan Park, Joon S. Kamhoua, Charles A. Kwiat, Kevin A. BE Ozyer, T Carrington, P TI Game Theoretic Attack Analysis in Online Social Network (OSN) Services SO 2013 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS AND MINING (ASONAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGKDD, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE TCDE, Global Univ, Hellen American Univ, Springer, Microsoft, EXtra, Springer Verlag, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGMOD DE game theory; online social networks; OSNs; privacy protection; security ID SECURITY; PRIVACY AB In the social media era, the ever-increasing utility of Online Social Networks (OSN) services provide a variety of benefits to users, organizations, and service providers. However, OSN services also introduce new threats and privacy issues regarding the data they are dealing with. For instance, in a reliable OSN service, a user should be able to set up his desired level of information sharing and securely manage sensitive data. Currently, few approaches exist that can model OSNs for the purpose, let alone model the effects that attackers can have on these networks. In this work a novel OSN modeling approach is presented to fill the gap. This model is based on an innovative game theoretical approach and it is analyzed both from a theoretical and simulation-oriented view. The game theoretic model is implemented in order to analyze several attack scenarios. As the results show, there are several scenarios where OSN services are very vulnerable and hence more protection mechanisms should be provided in order to secure the data contained across these networks. C1 [White, Jonathan] Harding Univ, Dept Engn & Phys, Searcy, AR 72143 USA. [Park, Joon S.] Syracuse Univ, Sch Informat Studies, Syracuse, NY USA. [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Kwiat, Kevin A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP White, J (reprint author), Harding Univ, Dept Engn & Phys, Searcy, AR 72143 USA. EM white@harding.edu; jspark@syr.edu; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4503-2240-9 PY 2013 BP 1012 EP 1019 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC5YC UT WOS:000353639700147 ER PT S AU Ezekiel, S Alford, MG Ferris, D Jones, E Bubalo, A Gorniak, M Blasch, E AF Ezekiel, Soundararajan Alford, Mark G. Ferris, David Jones, Eric Bubalo, Adnan Gorniak, Mark Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Multi-Scale Decomposition Tool for Content Based Image Retrieval SO 2013 IEEE (AIPR) APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP: SENSING FOR CONTROL AND AUGMENTATION SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition (AIPR) Workshop on Sensing for Control and Augmentation CY OCT 23-25, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE Content Based Image Retrieval; Wavelet; Contourlet; Pulse Coded Neural Network; Image Fusion; Hurst Exponent; Rescaled Range Analysis ID SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES; REPRESENTATION; TRANSFORM; FUSION; FRAMES AB Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a technical area focused on answering "Who, What, Where and When," questions associated with the imagery. A multi-scale feature extraction scheme based on wavelet and Contourlet transforms is proposed to reliably extract objects in images. First, we explore Contourlet transformation in association with Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) while the second technique is based on Rescaled Range (R/S) Analysis. Both methods provide flexible multi-resolution decomposition, directional feature extraction and are suitable for image fusion. The Contourlet transformation is conceptually similar to a wavelet transformation, but simpler, faster and less redundant. The R/S analysis, uses the range R of cumulative deviations from the mean divided by the standard deviation S, to calculate the scaling exponent, or a Hurst exponent, H. Following the original work of Hurst, the exponent H provides a quantitative measure of the persistence of similarities in a signal. For images, if information exhibits self-similarity and fractal correlation then H gives a measure of smoothness of the objects. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach has promising applications for CBIR. We apply our multiscale decomposition approach to images with simple thresholding of wavelet/curvelet coefficients for visually sharper object outlines, salient extraction of object edges, and increased perceptual quality. We further explore these approaches to segment images and, the empirical results reported here are encouraging to determine who or what is in the image. C1 [Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Comp Sci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Alford, Mark G.; Ferris, David; Jones, Eric; Bubalo, Adnan; Gorniak, Mark; Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Ezekiel, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Comp Sci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. EM sezekiel@iup.edu; mark.alford@us.af.mil NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2013 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FS UT WOS:000351616300013 ER PT S AU Peery, T Walli, K AF Peery, Tyler Walli, Karl GP IEEE TI PHYSICAL MODELING OF NUCLEAR DETONATIONS IN DIRSIG SO 2013 IEEE (AIPR) APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP: SENSING FOR CONTROL AND AUGMENTATION SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition (AIPR) Workshop on Sensing for Control and Augmentation CY OCT 23-25, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE 3D Physical Model; Nuclear Detonation; DIRSIG; MATLAB; Fireball AB A physical model was created for the resulting fireball of a nuclear detonation. The model focuses on the growth of the fireball as well as its temperature. The physical model was created for a 100 kt detonation, with 70% x-ray yield. A MATLAB code was created to generate these models, with yield and % x-ray yield as adjustable variables. Both temperature and radii were calculated as a function of time. The fireball was then input into DIRSIG for 3D modeling with an airfield scene, with the fireball modeled at key points in its development. C1 [Peery, Tyler; Walli, Karl] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peery, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM tyler.peery@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FS UT WOS:000351616300026 ER PT S AU Seetharaman, GS Hayden, ET Schmalz, MS Chapman, WR Ranka, S Sahni, SK AF Seetharaman, Guna S. Hayden, Eric T. Schmalz, Mark S. Chapman, William R. Ranka, Sanjay Sahni, Sartaj K. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (DMSAR) with Image Reconstruction Algorithms and Analysis SO 2013 IEEE (AIPR) APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP: SENSING FOR CONTROL AND AUGMENTATION SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition (AIPR) Workshop on Sensing for Control and Augmentation CY OCT 23-25, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; Image Reconstruction; High-Performance Computing ID SAR AB The imaging of ground objects by circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) is a well-known technique that can benefit from the use of multiple receivers in a multistatic configuration. Although static receivers have been employed to determine the location of one or more airborne objects, the use of multiple dynamically positioned airborne receivers with an airborne transmitter represents a novel application of SAR technology for the detection of ground objects. This paper presents theory, algorithms, and experimental results for dynamic multistatic synthetic aperture radar (DMSAR) for airborne sensing of ground-based objects. We emphasize the proper placement of receivers in relationship to the transmitter and object area, in order to achieve a specific quality of image reconstruction. Additionally, we discuss performance issues pertaining to the computation of DMSAR on high-performance platforms such as clusters of graphics processing units or hybrid processors. Example results and analysis are taken from synthetic or public-domain data. C1 [Seetharaman, Guna S.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Hayden, Eric T.; Schmalz, Mark S.; Chapman, William R.; Ranka, Sanjay; Sahni, Sartaj K.] Univ Florida, Dept CISE, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Seetharaman, GS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM guna@ieee.org NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2013 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC3FS UT WOS:000351616300020 ER PT S AU Khairullah, EF Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Khairullah, Enas F. Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin GP IEEE TI Pricing-based routing in cognitive radio networks SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Cognitive Radio; Routing; Algorithms; DSA Networks ID AD HOC NETWORKS; SPECTRUM ACCESS; SELFISH AB In this paper, we propose a pricing-based routing algorithm in a distributed cognitive radio network. The routing of packets is viewed as a market-based phenomenon where bandwidth is traded between transmitters and receivers. We propose a pricing model using which a seller determines the selling price. We also find the interference that a seller is exposed to since it determines the achievable bit-rate for the bandwidth being sold. As for the buyer, we calculate the bandwidth required from different sellers considering the respective signal to noise ratio. The seller with the minimum price is selected as the next hop relay. Thus, the total price to be paid by a source node is the sum of the prices paid at each hop in the route. Through simulation experiments, we validate the proposed scheme and show the prices for various routes(1). C1 [Khairullah, Enas F.; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Khairullah, EF (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM enas@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-1353-4 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2013 BP 908 EP 912 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD0LG UT WOS:000357299600153 ER PT S AU Wu, YP Xiao, CS Gao, XQ Matyjas, JD Ding, Z AF Wu, Yongpeng Xiao, Chengshan Gao, Xiqi Matyjas, John D. Ding, Zhi GP IEEE TI Linear Precoder Designs over MIMO Interference Channels with Finite-Alphabet Inputs SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID GAUSSIAN CHANNELS; POWER ALLOCATION; FREEDOM AB This paper investigates the linear precoder design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) K-user interference channels with finite alphabet inputs. We first obtain the general explicit expressions of the achievable rate of each user in MIMO interference channel systems. We study optimal transmission strategies in both high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low SNR regions. We show that given finite alphabet inputs, a simple power allocation design can achieve optimal performance. In contrast, the well-known interference alignment technique for Gaussian input scenarios, only utilizes a partial interference-free signal space for transmission and leads to a constant performance loss when it is applied to finite-alphabet input scenarios. We determine this constant rate loss at high SNR. Moreover, we establish necessary conditions for the linear precoder design of the weighted sum-rate maximization. We also develop an efficient iterative algorithm for determining precoding matrices of all the users. Our numerical results show that for the practical digital modulated signals from discrete constellations, the proposed iterative algorithm achieves considerably higher sum-rate than the existing methods. C1 [Wu, Yongpeng; Gao, Xiqi] Southeast Univ, Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force, Res Laboratory, RIT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Ding, Zhi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), Southeast Univ, Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM ypwu@seu.edu.cn; xiaoc@mst.edu; xqgao@seu.edu.cn; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil; zding@ucdavis.ca OI Ding, Zhi/0000-0002-2649-2125 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-1353-4 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2013 BP 3637 EP 3642 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD0LG UT WOS:000357299603122 ER PT S AU Li, XH Xiong, CY Feldman, J AF Li, Xiaohua Xiong, Chengyu Feldman, Jared GP IEEE TI OFDM Transmission Scheme for Asynchronous Two-Way Multi-Relay Cooperative Networks with Analog Network Coding SO 2013 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS (GC WKSHPS) SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Two-way relaying; analog network coding; OFDM; synchronization; carrier frequency offset AB For two-way relaying assisted by analog network coding, most investigation so far is based on perfect synchronization assumption. In contrast, in this paper we consider the more practical asynchronism assumption, and develop a new OFDM transmission scheme that is robust to the lack of synchronization in both timing and carrier frequency. In our scheme, the relays' signals are constructed by fusing several OFDM symbols received from the source nodes transmissions. The source node receivers can successfully demodulate the received OFDM signals after mitigating effectively multiple carrier frequency offsets and multiple timing phase offsets. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate its superior performance. This scheme has the same bandwidth efficiency as the conventional OFDM transmission, and can achieve the same relaying gain as the existing multiple relay transmissions. By relieving the stringent synchronization requirement, this scheme leads to simplified relay design, which makes it more practical to exploit multiple relays in two-way relaying networks. C1 [Li, Xiaohua; Xiong, Chengyu] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Feldman, Jared] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Li, XH (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM xli@binghamton.edu; cxiong1@binghamton.edu; Jared.Feldman@rl.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4799-2851-4 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2013 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BB0ZE UT WOS:000340874300004 ER PT S AU Abdelhakim, M Lightfoot, LE Ren, J Li, TT AF Abdelhakim, Mai Lightfoot, Leonard E. Ren, Jian Li, Tongtong GP IEEE TI Architecture Design of Mobile Access Coordinated Wireless Sensor Networks SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 09-13, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE DE Mobile access coordinator; wireless sensor networks; sensor network security and reliability AB This paper considers architecture design of mobile access coordinated wireless sensor networks (MC-WSN) for reliable and efficient information exchange. In sensor networks with mobile access points (SENMA), the mobile access points collect information directly from individual sensors as they traverse the network, such that no routing is needed in data transmission. While being energy efficient, a major limitation with SENMA is the large delay in data collection, making it undesirable for time-sensitive applications. In the proposed MC-WSN architecture, the sensor network is coordinated by powerful mobile access points (MA), such that the number of hops from each sensor to the MA is minimized and limited to a pre-specified number through active network deployment and network topology design. Unlike in SENMA, where the data collection delay depends on the physical speed of the MA, in MC-WSN, the delay depends on the number of hops and the electromagnetic wave speed, and is independent of the physical speed of the MA. This innovative architecture is energy efficient, resilient, fast reacting and can actively prolong the lifetime of sensor networks. Our simulations show that the proposed MC-WSN can achieve higher energy-efficiency and orders of magnitude lower delay over SENMA, especially for large-scale networks. C1 [Abdelhakim, Mai; Ren, Jian; Li, Tongtong] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lightfoot, Leonard E.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Abdelhakim, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI abdelhakim, Mai/0000-0001-8442-0974 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-3122-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2013 BP 1720 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BC0WB UT WOS:000349673800060 ER PT S AU Bhattacharjee, S Debroy, S Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Bhattacharjee, Shameek Debroy, Saptarshi Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin GP IEEE TI Utilizing Misleading Information for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 09-13, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE AB In cognitive radio networks, the radios continuously scan the radio spectrum and create a spectrum usage report. Due to channel uncertainty, there are inaccuracies in these reports. Oftentimes, the radios share and fuse the observed data in order to increase the accuracy of the spectrum usage. However, malicious nodes tend to send false information (i.e., attack) in order to mislead the construction of the spectrum usage report. In this paper, we use a trust model to evaluate the trustworthiness of every node and use the trust values to effectively fuse the information from all nodes. A node compares the information sent by a neighboring node with the predicted information. Based on the ratio of matches (or mismatches), the neighboring node is assigned a trust value. Then, we propose a log-weighted metric utilizing trust values to distinguish malicious nodes from others. Subsequently, we propose threshold based Selective Inversion (SI) fusion and Complete Inversion (CI) fusion to effectively combine not only the information sent by honest nodes but also utilize misleading information sent by malicious nodes. We also propose a combination of the two inversion schemes. We compare the performance of the inversion based fusion schemes with blind and trust-based fusions. Results reveal better performance for inversion based fusion schemes for various intensities of attack. We also conduct simulations to evaluate the optimal thresholds that are used for invoking the inversion based fusion schemes.(1) C1 [Bhattacharjee, Shameek; Debroy, Saptarshi; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM shameek@eecs.ucf.edu; saptarsh@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-3122-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2013 BP 2612 EP 2616 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BC0WB UT WOS:000349673802001 ER PT S AU Sanyal, A Prabhakaran, VS Leve, F McClamroch, NH AF Sanyal, Amit Prabhakaran, V. Sasi Leve, Frederick McClamroch, N. Harris GP IEEE TI Geometric Approach to Attitude Dynamics and Control of Spacecraft with Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY AUG 28-30, 2013 CL Hyderabad, INDIA SP IEEE ID RIGID-BODY AB The attitude dynamics of a spacecraft with a variable speed control moment gyroscope (VSCMG), in the presence of conservative external inputs, are derived in the framework of geometric mechanics. A complete dynamics model, that relaxes some of the assumptions made in prior literature on control moment gyroscopes, is obtained. These dynamics equations show the complex nonlinear coupling between the internal degrees of freedom associated with the CMG and the spacecraft base body's attitude degrees of freedom. General ideas on how this coupling can be used to control the angular momentum of the base body of the spacecraft using changes in the momentum variables of a finite number of VSCMGs, are provided. Placement of VSCMGs in the spacecraft base body is carried out in a manner that avoids singularities in the transformation between VSCMG angular rates and required instantaneous base body angular momentum. A control scheme using n VSCMGs for slew to rest attitude maneuvers in the absence of external torques and when the total angular momentum of the spacecraft is zero, is presented. Numerical simulation results obtained for a spacecraft with three VSCMGs confirm the stability properties of the feedback system. C1 [Sanyal, Amit; Prabhakaran, V. Sasi] New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [Leve, Frederick] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [McClamroch, N. Harris] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sanyal, A (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM asanyal@nmsu.edu; sashi@nmsu.edu; AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil; nhm@umich.edu OI Sanyal, Amit/0000-0002-3258-7841 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4799-1559-0 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2013 BP 556 EP 561 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2OS UT WOS:000369733600065 ER PT S AU Wu, QY Quach, T Mattamana, A Elabd, S Dooley, SR McCue, JJ Orlando, PL Creech, GL Khalil, W AF Wu, Qiyang Quach, Tony Mattamana, Aji Elabd, Salma Dooley, Steven R. McCue, Jamin J. Orlando, Pompei L. Creech, Gregory L. Khalil, Waleed GP IEEE TI A 10mW 37.8GHz Current-Redistribution BiCMOS VCO with an Average FOMT of-193.5dBc/Hz SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS (ISSCC) SE IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Flagship Conference of the IEEE Solid-State-Circuits-Society (ISSCC) CY FEB 17-21, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc C1 [Wu, Qiyang; Elabd, Salma; McCue, Jamin J.; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quach, Tony; Mattamana, Aji; Dooley, Steven R.; Orlando, Pompei L.; Creech, Gregory L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wu, QY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0193-6530 BN 978-1-4673-4513-2; 978-1-4673-4515-6 J9 ISSCC DIG TECH PAP I PY 2013 VL 56 BP 150 EP U952 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0QP UT WOS:000366612300059 ER PT S AU Wegener, AT Chappell, WJ AF Wegener, Andrew T. Chappell, William J. GP IEEE TI High Isolation in Antenna Arrays for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID RESONATORS AB Simultaneous transmit and receive requires extremely high isolation between the transmitters and receivers. By designing an antenna array to have high isolation between elements, it is possible to enable simultaneous transmit and receive at the same frequency. In this paper, a technique to achieve over 70 dB of inter-element isolation using tunable resonators placed between antenna elements is demonstrated. The effects of these tunable resonant baffles on the active scan impedance and array patterns is then discussed. C1 [Wegener, Andrew T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chappell, William J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Wegener, AT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 593 EP 597 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700102 ER PT S AU Champion, M Tomasic, B Schmier, R Bishop, D Radford, J Bharj, S AF Champion, Michelle Tomasic, Boris Schmier, Robert Bishop, Diane Radford, Jesse Bharj, Sarjit GP IEEE TI Array Calibration and Health/Status Check Using a "Reverse" Transmit/Receive Module SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE phased array; calibration; transmit/receive module AB A method for in situ evaluation of the health and status of individual array elements within a large phased array has been developed and demonstrated at the subarray level. The technique utilizes a special radiating element located in the center of each subarray. This center element is fed with a "reverse" T/R module that operates in the opposite sense of the regular elements in the subarray; that is, for dual-band communications arrays, it transmits at the receive frequency and receives at the transmit frequency of the other elements in the array. A similar technique can also be applied to arrays for radar. By operating in this manner, the "reverse" element can be used to self-test the regular elements in the subarray, without requiring an external RF source. This method allows for detection of element faults and failures so that error correction or repairs can be applied without significant impact to operation C1 [Champion, Michelle; Tomasic, Boris] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schmier, Robert] Alpha Omega Electromagnet LLC, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. [Bishop, Diane; Radford, Jesse] Custom Mfg & Engn Inc, Pinellas Park, FL 33781 USA. [Bharj, Sarjit] Princeton Microwave Technol Inc, Mercerville, NJ 08619 USA. RP Champion, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michelle.champion@wpafb.af.mil; boris.tomasic@wpafb.af.mil; rschmier@alphaomegaem.com; dbishop@custom-mfg-eng.com; jradford@custom-mfg-eng.com; sarjit@princetonmicrowave.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700111 ER PT S AU Ahn, H Weiner, M Tomasic, B AF Ahn, Hoon Weiner, Michael Tomasic, Boris GP IEEE TI Digital Beamforming in a Large Conformal Phased Array Antenna for Satellite TT&C - Demonstration SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB This paper presents the design, development, theoretical and measured results of Digital Beam Forming (DBF) hardware for use with a large, multi-beam conformal phased array antennas such as the Geodesic Dome Phased Array Antenna (GDPAA) shown in Figure 1[1]. The GDPAA system with DBF on receive can provide multiple simultaneous links for satellite tracking, telemetry, and command (TT&C) functions including adaptive pattern control for anti-jamming or interference suppression, and high resolution direction finding. C1 [Ahn, Hoon; Weiner, Michael] Wireless Technol Associates Inc, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. [Tomasic, Boris] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ahn, H (reprint author), Wireless Technol Associates Inc, 10 Technol Dr, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. EM hoonahn@wireless-technology.net; wmike@wireless-technology.net; boris.tomasic@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 807 EP 814 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700136 ER PT J AU Glaser, M Greiner, K Hilburn, B Justus, J Walsh, C Dallas, W Vanderpoorten, J Chuang, JC Sunshine, C AF Glaser, Matthew Greiner, Kelly Hilburn, Bryan Justus, Jacob Walsh, Christopher Dallas, William Vanderpoorten, Joseph Chuang, Jo-Chieh Sunshine, Carl GP IEEE TI Protected MILSATCOM Design for Affordability Risk Reduction (DFARR) SO 2013 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference CY NOV 18-20, 2013 CL BAE Syst, San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc, MITRE HO BAE Syst DE MILSATCOM Design for Affordability Risk Reduction (DFARR); Protected Tactical Service (PTS); Protected Tactical Waveform (PTW) AB In 2010, the Joint Space Communication Layer (JSCL) Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) projected the capacity for MILSATCOM communication in a contested environment to increase significantly in the 2020-2025 timeframe beyond what current programs of record will provide. To address this shortfall and affordability concerns, the US Air Force initiated the Protected Military Satellite Communication (MILSATCOM) Design for Affordability Risk Reduction's (DFARR) effort to develop and demonstrate key elements of a future protected tactical MILSATCOM enterprise. The results of the MILSATCOM DFARR will support Analysis of Alternatives activities and eventual development of an affordable family of systems to provide Protected Tactical Service (PTS). C1 [Glaser, Matthew; Greiner, Kelly; Hilburn, Bryan; Justus, Jacob; Walsh, Christopher; Dallas, William; Vanderpoorten, Joseph] US Air Force, Space & Missile Ctr SMC, MILSATCOM Adv Concepts Div MCX, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chuang, Jo-Chieh; Sunshine, Carl] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. RP Glaser, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Space & Missile Ctr SMC, MILSATCOM Adv Concepts Div MCX, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5124-1 PY 2013 BP 998 EP 1001 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2013.173 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB8PB UT WOS:000347184000167 ER PT J AU Ding, L Sagduyu, YE Melodia, T Li, JH Feldman, J Matyjas, J AF Ding, Lei Sagduyu, Yalin E. Melodia, Tommaso Li, Jason H. Feldman, Jared Matyjas, John GP IEEE TI CREATE-NEST: A Distributed Cognitive Radio Network Platform with Physical Channel Awareness SO 2013 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference CY NOV 18-20, 2013 CL BAE Syst, San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc, MITRE HO BAE Syst DE Cognitive radio networks; distributed coordination; cross-layer design; testbed; emulation AB We propose a Cognitive Radio nEtworking ArchiTecturE (CREATE) with joint cross-layer design of routing and dynamic spectrum allocation that balances the throughput-delay trade-offs under realistic physical channel effects. Dynamic routing is implemented by integrating a spectrum-aware backpressure-like algorithm with shortest-path routing to improve both the average delay and the achievable throughput under hard deadline constraints. CREATE supports spectrum adaptability by establishing asynchronous negotiation and coordination channels instead of a dedicated common control channel. For end-to-end experimental evaluation of CREATE, we propose NEST, a Network Emulator and Simulator Testbed, to deploy and experiment with cognitive radio (CR) networking protocols and applications on real programmable radios. NEST combines a low-cost and scalable simulation environment with realistic hardware performance to provide high fidelity and repeatable CR network experiments. Our experimental results characterize the effects of network topology and physical channel on the spectrum agility, situational awareness and resiliency across the protocol stack in multi-hop CR networks. C1 [Ding, Lei; Sagduyu, Yalin E.; Li, Jason H.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Melodia, Tommaso] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY USA. [Feldman, Jared; Matyjas, John] USAF, RIGF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM lding@i-a-i.com; ysagduyu@i-a-i.com; tmelodia@buffalo.edu; jli@i-a-i.com; jared.feldman@rl.af.mil; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab under SBIR [FA8750-11-C-0157]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under STTR [FA9550-12-C-0037, FA9550-11-C-0006, FA9550-10-C-0026] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Research Lab under SBIR contract FA8750-11-C-0157 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under STTR Contracts FA9550-12-C-0037, FA9550-11-C-0006, and FA9550-10-C-0026. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Air Force. DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. (AFRL/RITF; 88ABW-2013-1158). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5124-1 PY 2013 BP 1669 EP 1674 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2013.283 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB8PB UT WOS:000347184000278 ER PT J AU Dehnie, S Chakravarthy, V Wu, ZQ Ghosh, C Li, HS AF Dehnie, Sintayehu Chakravarthy, Vasu Wu, Zhiqiang Ghosh, Chittabrata Li, Husheng GP IEEE TI Spectrum Coexistence Issues: Challenges and Research Directions SO 2013 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference CY NOV 18-20, 2013 CL BAE Syst, San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc, MITRE HO BAE Syst ID SD-SMSE FRAMEWORK; COGNITIVE RADIO; WIRELESS NETWORKS; POWER-CONTROL; CHANNELS; DESIGN; ACCESS; TIME; PLL AB Spectrum congestion is a problem to both commercial and military systems. A recent Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) study suggests that this problem is further amplified for military systems because not only demand for more bandwidth is increasing but portion of the spectrum primarily allocated to the military is recommended for commercial use. PCAST report also suggests that spectrum congestion is mainly due to inefficient use of spectrum rather than spectrum scarcity. This paper deals with challenges evolving due to coexistence of various commercial and military communications systems in wideband non-contiguous spectrum. A non-contiguous spectrum environment is characterized by spectrum holes fragmented across frequency range of interest. In particular, we discuss the impact of spectrum sharing from the system perspective including hardware design, physical (PHY) layer intricacies, and medium access control (MAC) layer spectrum management. Since the number of spectrum holes required is application dependent, non-contiguous waveform design and pertinent design modifications and MAC layer improvements are also an intrinsic part of this paper. C1 [Dehnie, Sintayehu] Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ghosh, Chittabrata] Nokia Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Li, Husheng] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dehnie, S (reprint author), Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5124-1 PY 2013 BP 1681 EP 1689 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2013.285 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB8PB UT WOS:000347184000280 ER PT S AU McCann, JF Aberle, JT Lai, YC AF McCann, John F. Aberle, James T. Lai, Ying-Cheng GP IEEE TI A Nonlinear-Dynamics Based Approach to Stability Analysis of Non-Foster Networks with Electrically-Small Antennas SO 2013 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IMS) CY JUN 02-07, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP IEE MTT S DE Antenna matching; antennas; nonlinear microwave circuits; stability AB Non-Foster networks have the potential to provide wideband matching to electrically-small antennas. Impedance data from a model of an electrically-small monopole provides the starting point of this work. A lumped-element model of the monopole is developed, and used to design a matching network using a shunt negative capacitor and L-section sub-network. The resulting network provides a larger bandwidth than that with passive matching. Stability of the network is analyzed under the assumption of ideal negative capacitor, and it is demonstrated that a change in an antenna impedance can induce instability. Transient analysis using Agilent ADS software, calculations based on differential equations using MATLAB, and s-domain analysis are all employed. The network is similarly analyzed when the negative capacitor is replaced by an equivalent J-transform circuit section, allowing for the inclusion of a nonlinear negative resistance. Nonlinear differential equations are developed for general stability analysis of non-Foster networks. C1 [McCann, John F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCann, John F.; Aberle, James T.; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP McCann, JF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4673-2141-9; 978-1-4673-6177-4 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE2OX UT WOS:000369754300040 ER PT S AU Sheik-Bahae, M Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Albrecht, AR Ghasemkhani, M Epstein, RI AF Sheik-Bahae, M. Melgaard, S. D. Seletskiy, D. V. Albrecht, A. R. Ghasemkhani, M. Epstein, R. I. GP IEEE TI Laser Cooling in Solids: Demonstration of 115K All-Solid-State Cryocooler SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA SP IEEE, Amer Chem Soc, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Inst, IEEE Cloud Comp, LioniX ID OPTICAL REFRIGERATION C1 [Sheik-Bahae, M.; Melgaard, S. D.; Seletskiy, D. V.; Albrecht, A. R.; Ghasemkhani, M.; Epstein, R. I.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, S. D.; Epstein, R. I.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Seletskiy, D. V.] Univ Konstanz, D-78457 Constance, Germany. ThermoDynam Films LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Sheik-Bahae, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1507-5 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2013 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE2RE UT WOS:000369918000079 ER PT S AU Ilin, R Kozma, R AF Ilin, Roman Kozma, Robert GP IEEE TI Detection of Spatiotemporal Phase Patterns in ECoG Using Adaptive Mixture Models SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY AUG 04-09, 2013 CL Dallas, TX SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Electrocorticogram; Phase Synchronization; Hilbert Phase Cone; Transform; Finite Mixture Models; Dynamic Logic ID NEURAL POPULATIONS; STATE TRANSITIONS; GAMMA-EEGS AB Propagating phase patterns of neural activity in the cortex have been found to serve as useful markers for the identification of neural correlates of cognition. In this work we develop an automatic method to detect phase propagation in the form of cones using adaptive mixture models. The present work is the first demonstration of this methodology in actual Electrocorticogram (ECoG) data. The paper discusses results obtained with this novel method. C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozma, Robert] Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of the Air Force [11RY06COR]; AFRL STT "Robust Decision Making"; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Physical Intelligence Program through a contract with Hughes Research Laboratory (HRL), Malibu, CA FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of the Air Force, grant number 11RY06COR, by AFRL STT "Robust Decision Making", and by Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Physical Intelligence Program through a contract with Hughes Research Laboratory (HRL), Malibu, CA (Dr. Narayan Srinivasa, Program Manager). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-6129-3; 978-1-4673-6128-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2013 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0TZ UT WOS:000349557200181 ER PT S AU Ji, F Li, H Wysocki, B Thiem, C McDonald, N AF Ji, Feng Li, Hai (Helen) Wysocki, Bryant Thiem, Clare McDonald, Nathan GP IEEE TI Memristor-based Synapse Design and a Case Study in Reconfigurable Systems SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY AUG 04-09, 2013 CL Dallas, TX SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE memristor; synapse network; arithmetic logic unit (ALU); reconfigurable system ID ELEMENT AB Scientists have dreamed of an information system with cognitive human-like skills for years. However, constrained by the device characteristics and rapidly increasing design complexity under the traditional processing technology, little progress has been made in hardware implementation. The recently popularized memristor offers a potential breakthrough for neuromorphic computing because of its unique properties including nonvolatily, extremely high fabrication density, and sensitivity to historic voltage/current behavior. In this work, we first investigate the memristor-based synapse design and the corresponding training scheme. Then, a case study of an 8-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) design is used to demonstrate the hardware implementation of reconfigurable system built based on memristor synapses. C1 [Ji, Feng] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Li, Hai (Helen)] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wysocki, Bryant; Thiem, Clare; McDonald, Nathan] US Air Force, Res Lab, High Performance Syst Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Ji, F (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM fji01@students.poly.edu; hal66@pitt.edu; Bryant.Wysocki@rl.af.mil; Clare.Thiem@rl.af.mil; Nathan.McDonald@rl.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-6129-3; 978-1-4673-6128-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0TZ UT WOS:000349557200069 ER PT S AU Patsora, I Heuer, H Hillmann, S Tatarchuk, D Foos, BC AF Patsora, Iryna Heuer, Henning Hillmann, Susanne Tatarchuk, Dmitry Foos, Bryan C. GP IEEE TI Experimental Setup for the Characterization of the Percolation Behavior of Wet Conductive Coatings by High Frequency Eddy Current Spectroscopy SO 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH INTERNATIONAL SPRING SEMINAR ON ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY (ISSE) SE International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology ISSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology CY MAY 08-12, 2013 CL Alba Iulia, ROMANIA AB Electrical conductive coatings are used for lightning protection of technical structures like aircraft parts. The aim of this work is to develop a method of well-defined high electric conductive wet coating deposition that provides the opportunity of parameter variations during the coating process. These coatings are used as reference to characterize the percolation behavior of wet conductive coatings by high frequency Eddy Current spectroscopy in future work. Therefore an experimental setup was performed, which considers the production of graphite- and silver-based conductive coatings, the investigation of their conductivity and thickness homogeneity after coating process. Obtained results confirm the high conductivity and good homogeneity of the produced wet coatings, which are dried under room temperature. C1 [Patsora, Iryna; Heuer, Henning] Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Elektrotech & Informat Tech, Inst Aufbau & Verbindungstech, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Heuer, Henning; Hillmann, Susanne] Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Tatarchuk, Dmitry] Natl Tech Univ Ukraine KPI, Fac Elect, Kiev, Ukraine. [Foos, Bryan C.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Patsora, I (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Elektrotech & Informat Tech, Inst Aufbau & Verbindungstech, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM patsyora@avt.et.tu-dresden.de RI Heuer, Henning/B-2817-2009 OI Heuer, Henning/0000-0002-9380-7043 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-2528 BN 978-1-4799-0036-7 J9 INT SPR SEM ELECT TE PY 2013 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE6GT UT WOS:000374113900001 ER PT B AU Wilson, JM Hartzell, SD Tran, TM Black, JT Marhefka, RJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Wilson, Joshua M. Hartzell, Stephen D. Tran, Thang M. Black, Jonathan T. Marhefka, Ronald J. Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr. GP IEEE TI Analysis and Feed Design of a Sparse Aperture Parabolic Reflector SO 2013 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AP-S/URSI-USNC Symposium CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, USNC C1 [Wilson, Joshua M.; Hartzell, Stephen D.; Tran, Thang M.; Black, Jonathan T.; Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Marhefka, Ronald J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wilson, JM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1128-8; 978-1-4799-1129-5 PY 2013 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC0ZE UT WOS:000349862100023 ER PT B AU Ehrenberg, IM Sarma, SE Wu, BI AF Ehrenberg, Isaac M. Sarma, Sanjay E. Wu, Bae-Ian GP IEEE TI Lightweight Negative GRIN Lens Fabrication via Rapid Prototyping for Radio Applications SO 2013 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AP-S/URSI-USNC Symposium CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, USNC C1 [Ehrenberg, Isaac M.; Sarma, Sanjay E.] MIT, AutoID Labs, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wu, Bae-Ian] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ehrenberg, IM (reprint author), MIT, AutoID Labs, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1128-8; 978-1-4799-1129-5 PY 2013 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC0ZE UT WOS:000349862100120 ER PT B AU Wu, BI AF Wu, Bae-Ian GP IEEE TI Limitation on Far-Field Super Directivity Using Transformation Optics SO 2013 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AP-S/URSI-USNC Symposium CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, USNC C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Wu, BI (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1128-8; 978-1-4799-1129-5 PY 2013 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC0ZE UT WOS:000349862100160 ER PT S AU Weimer, C Miller, JO Friend, M Miller, J AF Weimer, Chris Miller, J. O. Friend, Mark Miller, Janet GP IEEE TI FORECASTING EFFECTS OF MISO ACTIONS: AN ABM METHODOLOGY SO 2013 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference on Simulation - Making Decisions in a Complex World CY DEC 08-11, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Simulat, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Simulat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Agent-based models (ABM) have been used successfully in the field of generative social science to discover parsimonious sets of factors that generate social behavior. This methodology provides an avenue to explore the spread of anti-government sentiment in populations and to compare the effects of potential Military Information Support Operations (MISO) actions. We develop an ABM to investigate factors that affect the growth of rebel uprisings in a notional population. Our ABM expands the civil violence model developed by Epstein by enabling communication between agents through a genetic algorithm and by adding the ability of agents to form friendships based on shared beliefs. We examine the distribution of opinion and size of sub-populations of rebel and imprisoned civilians, and compare two counter-propaganda strategies. Analysis identifies several factors with effects that can explain some real-world observations, and provides a methodology for MISO operators to compare the effectiveness of potential actions. C1 [Weimer, Chris; Miller, J. O.; Friend, Mark] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Janet] US Air Force Lab, Sensors Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weimer, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.weimer@us.af.mil; john.miller@afit.edu; mark.friend@wpafb.af.mil; janetoptimist@aol.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-3950-3; 978-1-4799-2077-8 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2013 BP 2762 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0YO UT WOS:000349838403007 ER PT S AU Williams, D Miller, JO Mattioda, D AF Williams, David Miller, J. O. Mattioda, Dan GP IEEE TI SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXPRESS RUN FREQUENCY SO 2013 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference on Simulation - Making Decisions in a Complex World CY DEC 08-11, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Simulat, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Simulat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB EXPRESS is a database tool the Air Force (AF) uses to prioritize depot maintenance of reparable spare parts based on warfighter need. Many studies have examined individual portions of EXPRESS, though few examine it as an entire system. This effort proposes a modeling approach for examining overall system behavior of EXPRESS using discrete event simulation. The emphasis of the model is to be flexible enough to provide useful insight into system performance and a foundation for future expansion and analysis. In current operations, EXPRESS runs every day. This research effort tries to determine the impact on the depot repair process' ability to respond to warfighter need due to running EXPRESS less frequently. A discrete event simulation written in Arena, modeling the general flow of information and parts through the depot repair process, is used to determine the effect of the frequency of EXPRESS runs on Mission Capable (MICAP) hours. C1 [Williams, David; Miller, J. O.; Mattioda, Dan] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.williams.98@us.af.mil; john.miller@afit.edu; dan-iel.mattioda@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-3950-3; 978-1-4799-2077-8 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2013 BP 2796 EP 2806 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0YO UT WOS:000349838403010 ER PT B AU Chiappe, D Conger, M Liao, J Vu, KPL Caldwell, L AF Chiappe, Dan Conger, Mark Liao, Janet Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Caldwell, Lynn BE Landry, SJ TI Improving Multi-tasking Ability in a Piloting Task through Action Videogames SO ADVANCES IN HUMAN ASPECTS OF AVIATION SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Multi-tasking; videogame training; situation awareness AB We examined whether action videogames can improve multi-tasking in high workload environments. Two groups with no action videogame experience were pre-tested using the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB). It has two primary tasks; tracking and fuel management, and two secondary tasks; systems monitoring and communication. In addition, participants were given subjective measures of workload and situation awareness (SA) - the NASA TLX and Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART). One group served as a control, while a second played action videogames for 5 hours a week for 10 weeks. We found the videogame treatment enhanced performance on the secondary tasks without interfering with the primary tasks. However, measures of workload and SA did not reveal an effect of videogame treatment. Our results demonstrate action videogames can increase the ability to take on additional tasks. However, this may not be revealed by subjective judgments because these are most likely determined by primary task performance. C1 [Chiappe, Dan; Liao, Janet; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Chiappe, Dan; Liao, Janet; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Ctr Usabil Design & Accessibil, Long Beach, CA USA. [Conger, Mark] Northrop Grumman Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. [Caldwell, Lynn] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chiappe, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM dan.chiappe@csulb.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7117-1; 978-1-4398-7116-4 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2013 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BC3OY UT WOS:000351775400018 ER PT B AU Dunn, T AF Dunn, Troy BA Haber, G Holleman, M BF Haber, G Holleman, M TI Snapshot: Flying Gordon SO AMONG WOLVES: GORDON HABER'S INSIGHTS INTO ALASKA'S MOST MISUNDERSTOOD ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dunn, Troy] US Air Force, Iowa City, IA 52243 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ALASKA PRESS PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA GRUENING BLDG 1ST FLOOR PO BOX 756240, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-6240 USA BN 978-1-60223-218-1; 978-1-60223-219-8 PY 2013 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BE6TD UT WOS:000374779100004 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT A Case Study Approach Introduction SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 1 EP 6 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 6 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500002 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI City-State Relationships and City Charters SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 7 EP 21 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 15 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500003 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT A Case Study Approach Preface SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500001 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Urban Redevelopment SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 23 EP 32 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 10 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500004 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Authority and Power SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 33 EP 40 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 8 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500005 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Policy Making SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 41 EP 53 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 13 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500006 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Personnel Management SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 55 EP 65 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 11 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500007 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Electric Utilities SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 67 EP 75 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500008 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Traffic Congestion SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 77 EP 95 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 19 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500009 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Funding for Nonprofit Organizations SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GOVERNMENT; GOVERNANCE C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 97 EP 106 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 10 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500010 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Housing and Shelter SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLLABORATION C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 107 EP 125 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 19 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500011 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Finance and Accounting Management SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 127 EP 149 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500012 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Airport Authority SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 151 EP 157 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 7 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500013 ER PT B AU Starnes, BJ AF Starnes, Becky J. BA Starnes, BJ BF Starnes, BJ TI Animal Welfare and Control SO CHALLENGES IN CITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE American Society for Public Administration Series on Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXTERNALITIES C1 [Starnes, Becky J.] Austin Peay, Profess Studies, Clarksville, TN USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Alabama State Univ, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force Air Command & Staff Coll, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Marine Corps, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] US Customs Serv, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] City Escondido, New York, NY USA. [Starnes, Becky J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Starnes, BJ (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Publ Management, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8437-9; 978-1-4398-8436-2 J9 AM SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PY 2013 BP 159 EP 166 D2 10.1201/b14936 PG 8 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BC9BL UT WOS:000356272500014 ER PT S AU Jaromin, R Mullins, B Butts, J Lopez, J AF Jaromin, Robert Mullins, Barry Butts, Jonathan Lopez, Juan BE Butts, J Shenoi, S TI DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEM EMULATORS SO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION VII SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IFIP Working Group 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection (ICCIP) CY MAR 18-20, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC SP IFIP Working Grp 11 10 HO George Washington Univ DE Industrial control systems; programmable logic controllers; emulation AB The first step to grappling with the security problems that face modern supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and industrial control networks is investing in research and education. However, because of the specialized nature of industrial control systems and networks, the cost of even a modest testbed for research or education can quickly get out of hand. Hardware-based testbeds are often not practical due to budgetary constraints, and they do not readily scale to meet educational demands. Software simulations are a cost-effective alternative, but current solutions focus primarily on network aspects, not the implementation of field device and application functionality. This paper describes the design and implementation of a programmable logic controller emulator using VMware. The emulator solution is both cost-effective and scalable. Moreover, it can accurately replicate real-world field device functionality to meet research and educational requirements. C1 [Jaromin, Robert] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mullins, Barry] Air Force Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Butts, Jonathan] Air Force Inst Technol, IFIP Working Grp Crit Infrastruct Protect 11 10, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Butts, Jonathan] Air Force Inst Technol, Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Butts, Jonathan] Air Force Inst Technol, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Lopez, Juan] Air Force Inst Technol, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jaromin, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-45330-4 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2013 VL 417 BP 35 EP 46 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD9QP UT WOS:000365116700003 ER PT B AU Bennett, W Alliger, GM Colegrove, CM Garrity, MJ Beard, RM AF Bennett, Winston, Jr. Alliger, George M. Colegrove, Charles M. Garrity, Michael J. Beard, Rebecca M. BE Best, C Galanis, G Kerry, J Sottilare, R TI Mission Essential Competencies: A Novel Approach to Proficiency-Based Live, Virtual, and Constructive Readiness Training and Assessment SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN DEFENSE TRAINING AND SIMULATION SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bennett, Winston, Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alliger, George M.; Beard, Rebecca M.] Grp Org Effectiveness, Washington, DC USA. [Colegrove, Charles M.] US Air Force Air Combat Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Garrity, Michael J.] Aptima Inc, Woburn, MA USA. RP Bennett, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4722-1; 978-1-4094-4721-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2013 BP 47 EP 62 PG 16 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4CY UT WOS:000352310800006 ER PT B AU Schroeder, M Schreiber, B Bennett, W AF Schroeder, Mark Schreiber, Brian Bennett, Winston, Jr. BE Best, C Galanis, G Kerry, J Sottilare, R TI Using Objective Performance Assessments in Applied Settings SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN DEFENSE TRAINING AND SIMULATION SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schroeder, Mark; Schreiber, Brian] Lumir Res Inst, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. [Schroeder, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Schroeder, M (reprint author), Lumir Res Inst, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4722-1; 978-1-4094-4721-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2013 BP 297 EP 306 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4CY UT WOS:000352310800026 ER PT S AU Hilton, AR Eslinger, GJ Miller, DW AF Hilton, Andrew R. Eslinger, Gregory J. Miller, David W. BE Hardaway, LR TI DYNAMICS MODELING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMATION FLIGHT SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2013 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 01-06, 2013 CL Rocky Mt Sect, Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc HO Rocky Mt Sect AB Electromagnetic formation flight (EMFF) is a method of holding satellite arrays in a formation without the use of propellant. A formation of smaller satellites that work together can be more effective and cheaper than one larger satellite performing a similar mission. EMFF will enable the United States Air Force to develop flexible, robust space systems by splitting different systems and payloads into modules that link together on orbit and fly in a formation. Such systems will reduce the complexity of design as well as increase the ability to respond to unforeseen occurrences during mission operations. The concept of EMFF relies on the fact that the spacecraft in the formation are flying relative to each other and uses attraction and repulsion forces to actuate the system. The research presented here analyzes these relative forces while detailing the development and verification of a Simulink dynamics model for an electromagnetic formation flight project at the Space Systems Laboratory. Biot-Savart's law is used to characterize the magnetic fields from each coil and model the resulting forces and torques. The model uses finite element analysis to compute the forces and torques exchanged between different segments on the two coils. The simulation has been accurate in modeling the forces and torques induced by resonant coils as a result of their relative position and orientation thereby allowing future researchers to develop and test formation-flying control algorithms before using the valuable on-orbit time allocated for hardware testing. C1 [Hilton, Andrew R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Eslinger, Gregory J.; Miller, David W.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hilton, AR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-601-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 149 BP 957 EP 969 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9HH UT WOS:000377554800063 ER PT B AU Miller, ES Patnaik, SS Jog, MA AF Miller, Eric S. Patnaik, Soumya S. Jog, Milind A. GP ASME TI SYSTEM DYNAMIC MODELING OF VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLES SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID MOVING-BOUNDARY AB Vapor Compression cycle Systems (VCSs) are being considered for thermal management aboard modern aircraft where dynamic changes in heat loads are very common. Predicting dynamic behavior of VCSs is critical to design, sizing, and control of aircraft thermal management systems. A novel Lagrangian method to model the dynamic behavior of VCSs has been developed. This approach divides each fluid flow into a large number of elements having. fixed mass, but variable volume and position. At discrete time steps, heat transferred to or from each mass element is determined by component models. This paper gives simulation results showing system startup under PID feedback control. Then, from steady state, the system response to an increase in heat load, an increase in sink availability, a decrease in valve throttle and an increase in compressor speed are simulated and the results reported. Results indicate that the Lagrangian method can provide results for a wide range of cases and that VCC systems require extensive control to meet performance objectives. C1 [Miller, Eric S.; Patnaik, Soumya S.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jog, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Milind.Jog@uc.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4517-2 PY 2013 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC0XZ UT WOS:000349816300003 ER PT B AU Breitzman, TD Mollenhauer, DH Iarve, EV Safriet, S AF Breitzman, T. D. Mollenhauer, D. H. Iarve, E. V. Safriet, S. GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF DISCREET DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN LAMINATED COMPOSITE COMPACT TENSION SPECIMENS SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID OPEN HOLES; MODEL; DELAMINATION; STRENGTH; FAILURE; CRACKS AB Damage progression in laminated Overheight Compact Tension specimens was modeled using discrete representations of individual cracks and delaminations. Matrix cracking and delamination initiation, propagation, and interaction, without any prior knowledge and/or meshing of matrix cracking surfaces, is accomplished by combining stress and fracture mechanics-based constitutive modeling within a mesh independent crack-modeling framework. Simulation results including only matrix damage for specimens with [45(2)/90(2)/-45(2)/0(2)](s) and [0(4)/90(4)](2s), stacking sequences were compared with load-displacement curves and 3D X-ray micro computed tomography results from tested specimens. Excellent correlation was shown between the simulated and experimental load-displacement curves including statistical variations and proper representation of both the curve non-linearity and peak load. Similarly, remarkable correlation between simulated and experimental damage extent was shown. Additionally, a [45/90/-45/0](2s), specimen exhibiting significant fiber fracture was modeled and results compared with experiment. Fiber fracture was simulated using a continuum damage mechanics approach in addition to the discrete cracking and delamination damage representations of matrix damage. The simulated load displacement curve and damage extent compared favorably with experimental results. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Mollenhauer, D. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iarve, E. V.; Safriet, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4524-0 PY 2013 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC1GF UT WOS:000350070600042 ER PT B AU White, BE AF White, B. E. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI Definition of Complexity and Its Impact on Organizations SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [White, B. E.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [White, B. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [White, B. E.] Signatron Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [White, B. E.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [White, B. E.] MITREs Syst Engn Proc Off, New York, NY USA. RP White, BE (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800004 ER PT B AU White, BE McCarter, BG AF White, B. E. McCarter, B. G. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI How to Build Trust SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [White, B. E.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [White, B. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [White, B. E.] Signatron Inc, New York, NY USA. [White, B. E.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [White, B. E.] MITREs Syst Engn Proc Off, New York, NY USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [McCarter, B. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP White, BE (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 57 EP 93 PG 37 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800006 ER PT B AU White, BE AF White, B. E. BA McCarter, BG White, BE BF McCarter, BG White, BE TI Collective Group Dynamics: A New View of High-Performance Teams SO LEADERSHIP IN CHAORDIC ORGANIZATIONS SE Complex and Enterprise Systems Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [White, B. E.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [White, B. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [White, B. E.] Signatron Inc, New York, NY USA. [White, B. E.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [White, B. E.] MITREs Syst Engn Proc Off, New York, NY USA. RP White, BE (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7418-5; 978-1-4200-7417-8 J9 COMPL ENTERP SYST EN PY 2013 BP 95 EP 145 PG 51 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BD7CH UT WOS:000362867800007 ER PT S AU Toler, B Stilson, C Coutu, R AF Toler, Benjamin Stilson, Christopher Coutu, Ronald, Jr. GP IEEE TI Contact Resistance Evolution of Au-Au Micro-Contacts with encapsulated Ag colloids SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2013 IEEE 59TH HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS (HOLM) SE Electrical Contacts-IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (HOLM) CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Newport, RI SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, Components, Packaging, & Mfg Technol Soc DE Micro-Contacts; Reliability; Performance; Au-Au micro-contacts; Contact Resistance AB This paper reports the contact resistance evolution results of thin film, sputtered gold with encapsulated Ag colloids, micro-contacts dynamically tested up to 3kHz. The upper contact support structure consists of a sputtered gold surface micromachined, fixed-fixed beam designed with sufficient restoring force to overcome adhesion. The hemisphere-upper and planar-lower contacts are mated with a calibrated, external load resulting in approximately 100 mu N's of contact force. Contact resistance is measured, in-situ, using a cross-bar configuration and the entire apparatus is isolated from external vibration and housed in an enclosure to minimize contamination due to ambient environment. Additionally, contact cycling and data collection are automated using a computer and LabVIEW. The results showed that Au-Au micro-contact had a final resistance of 14 Omega s after 10 million cycles and 81 Omega s after 8 million cycles with Au-Ag micro-contacts. C1 [Toler, Benjamin; Stilson, Christopher; Coutu, Ronald, Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Toler, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-6808 BN 978-1-4673-5281-9; 978-1-4799-1556-9 J9 ELECTR CONTACT PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE2OU UT WOS:000369746500046 ER PT B AU Kreitzer, PJ Hanchak, M Byrd, L AF Kreitzer, Paul J. Hanchak, Michael Byrd, Larry GP ASME TI HORIZONTAL TWO PHASE FLOW REGIME IDENTIFICATION: COMPARISON OF PRESSURE SIGNATURE, ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY (ECT) AND HIGH SPEED VISUALIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 7, PTS A-D LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; DROP; CHANNELS; MICROCHANNELS; SINKS; TUBES; WATER AB Understanding the behavior of transient two phase refrigerant flow is an important aspect of implementing vapor compression systems in future aerospace applications. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are important parameters that guide the design process, and are influenced by flow regime. Published two phase flow models rely heavily on a priori knowledge of the current two phase flow conditions including flow regime. Additional complications arise when applying published correlations to a range of systems because each correlation is based on a specific set of experimental conditions, including working fluid, flow orientation, channel size, and channel shape. Non-intrusive measurement techniques provide important advantages while measuring the behavior of two phase flow systems. A two phase flow experimental test rig has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, providing a closed loop refrigeration system capable of producing flow regimes from bubbly through annular flow. Two phase flow is produced by pumping subcooled R134a through a heat exchanger with 40 minichannels into an adiabatic transparent fused quartz observation channel with a hydraulic diameter of 7 mm. Refrigerant mass flux is varied from 100-400 kg/m(2)s with a heat flux from 0-15.5 W/cm(2). Temperatures ranged from 18-25 degrees C and pressures between 550-750 kPa. The data from high speed pressure transducers were analyzed using standard signal processing techniques to identify the different flow regimes. Initial results indicate that different flow regimes can be identified from their pressure signature. In addition, real-time void fraction measurements were taken using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). This paper describes the process behind ECT systems used to measure two phase flow conditions. Comparisons with high speed video assess the accuracy of ECT measurements in identifying various two phase flow conditions. Results indicate variations between ECT and high speed images, however, enough information is provided to create flow pattern maps and regime identification for different superficial vapor and liquid velocities. C1 [Kreitzer, Paul J.] UES Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hanchak, Michael] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Modeling & Simulat Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, Larry] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, AFRL RZPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kreitzer, PJ (reprint author), UES Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Paul.kreitzer.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; michael.hanchak.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; Larry.byrd@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4523-3 PY 2013 BP 1281 EP 1291 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC1GH UT WOS:000350071100147 ER PT B AU Huang, HS Wohlwend, JL Varshney, V Roy, AK AF Huang, H. Sam Wohlwend, Jennifer L. Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. GP ASME TI HEAT TRANSFER AT ALUMINUM-WATER INTERFACES: EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 7, PTS A-D LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME DE Solid-Liquid; Surface roughness; Heat transfer; Molecular dynamics; Finite element method ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-CHANGE AB In this paper, we studied the effect of microscopic surface roughness on heat transfer between aluminum and water by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and macroscopic surface roughness on heat transfer between aluminum and water by finite element (FE) method. It was observed that as the microscopic scale surface roughness increased, the thermal boundary conductance increased. The thermal conductance increases 20% when the ratio of the amplitude of the surface roughness to the width of the system was changed from 0 to 1. At the macroscopic scale, different degrees of surface roughness were studied by finite element method. The heat transfer was observed to enhance as the surface roughness increases. The surface roughness was found to enhance the heat transfer both at the microscopic scale and at the macroscopic scale. Based upon the calculations at the microscopic scale by MD simulations and at the macroscopic scale by Finite Element method, a procedure was proposed to obtain the thermal conductance of surface roughness at the length scale of macroscopic and able to include the macroscopic scale surface roughness. C1 [Huang, H. Sam; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.] US Air Force, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, H. Sam; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Huang, HS (reprint author), US Air Force, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hsen-gji.huang.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4523-3 PY 2013 BP 1695 EP 1702 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC1GH UT WOS:000350071100193 ER PT B AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP Lethander, AT Posada, NA AF Johnson, J. J. King, P. I. Clark, J. P. Lethander, A. T. Posada, N. A. GP ASME TI INFRARED ASSESSMENT OF AN OPTIMIZED VANE PRESSURE SIDE FILM COOLING ARRAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 7, PTS A-D LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; THERMOGRAPHY; HOLES AB The following experimental work described here entails the investigation by infrared thermography (IRT) of full-scale flat plates intended to model the pressure side (PS) of a modern fully-cooled turbine inlet vane called the High-Impact Technologies (HIT) Research Turbine Vane (RTV). The imaging system is used to make detailed full-coverage, two-dimensional, steady-state measurements of flat plate surface temperature. The PS has a total of 282 film cooling holes including three rows of showerhead holes near the leading edge and a handful of rows downstream depending on the design. The flat plates precisely match the material, thickness, and cooling hole sizes on the RTV, however they are not intended to match the external pressure field or the characteristics of internal cooling beneath the airfoil surface. Surface temperature relative to individual trial freestream gas temperatures is reported for an uncooled plate, a plate with the baseline RTV cooling scheme, and for four different hole types on a plate with a 3D-optimized cooling array designed for the RTV in previous work using genetic algorithms and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The four different cooling hole shapes tested on the downstream rows of the optimized array plates include cylindrical holes, fan-shaped holes, Vehr holes, and a new cooling hole called a mini-trench shaped (MTS) hole. Experimentation on flat plate models using infrared thermography provides large amounts of valuable data, is inexpensive and highly repeatable relative to large rotating blowdown rigs. The results provide key insights into the differences between full-PS film cooling performance on the plate versus the 3D RTV and suggests to designers the best cooling hole shape for the next build of the RTV which will soon be tested in a full-scale blow down rig instrumented with heat flux gauges. Overall, results clearly corroborate how cooling was redistributed and improved over the PS of the RTV in the original computational design effort and suggest that certain hole shapes are best suited for certain locations on the fiat plate models. C1 [Johnson, J. J.; King, P. I.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.johnson2@wpafb.af.mil; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4523-3 PY 2013 BP 1949 EP 1961 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC1GH UT WOS:000350071100221 ER PT B AU Tseng, CC Viskanta, R Sikorski, RL Chen, MY AF Tseng, Charles C. Viskanta, R. Sikorski, Ruth L. Chen, Ming Y. GP ASME TI ON THE ROLE OF RADIATION IN LOW DENSITY SILICON CARBIDE FOAMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 7, PTS A-D LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CELL AB There are a variety of foams that can be used in thermal protection and/or thermal insulation systems. At high temperature (> 1000 K) thermal radiation may be important or dominate heat transfer in a foam; however, studies based on more detailed thermal radiation analysis are limited. In this paper foams are considered to be semitransparent, because radiation can penetrate through the pore (or void) space and/or foam skeleton (ligament), depending on the materials from which the foams are made. Of particular interest of this study is to understand how the properties of foam material such as its density, mean cell size, etc. affect the radiative transfer through silicon carbide (SiC) foams. In the paper, the dimensionless strut diameter is considered an important parameter of foams, and the radiative properties of the foams are analyzed by Mie scattering theory. The attenuation/extinction behavior of SiC foams can be considered as a function of the dimensionless strut diameter of the foam. The results reveal that the foam properties can significantly reduce radiative heat transfer through the high temperature foam used for the thermal protection. C1 [Tseng, Charles C.; Chen, Ming Y.] Air Force Res Lab, RXBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Viskanta, R.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sikorski, Ruth L.] Air Force Res Lab, RZTS, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, RXBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ming-Yung.Chen@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4523-3 PY 2013 BP 2103 EP 2110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC1GH UT WOS:000350071100237 ER PT B AU Blunck, D Shouse, D Neuroth, C Erdmann, T Burrus, D Howard, R Battelle, R Lynch, A Sekar, B Zelina, J Briones, A Richardson, D Caswell, A AF Blunck, David Shouse, Dale Neuroth, Craig Erdmann, Timothy Burrus, David Howard, Rebecca Battelle, Ryan Lynch, Amy Sekar, Balu Zelina, Joseph Briones, Alejandro Richardson, Daniel Caswell, Andrew GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF AN ULTRA-COMPACT COMBUSTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID GAS-TURBINE ENGINES AB Reducing the weight and decreasing pressure losses of aviation gas turbine engines improves the thrust-to-weight ratio and improves efficiency. In ultra-compact combustors (UCCs), engine length is reduced and pressure losses are decreased by merging a combustor with adjacent components using a systems engineering approach. High-pressure turbine inlet vanes can be placed in a combustor to form a UCC. Eliminating the compressor outlet guide vanes (OGVs) and maintaining swirl through the diffuser can result in further reduction in engine length and weight. Cycle analysis indicates that a 2.4% improvement in engine weight and a 0.8% increase in thrust-specific fuel consumption are possible when a UCC is used. Experiments and analysis were performed in an effort to understand key physical and chemical processes within a trapped-vortex UCC. Experiments were performed using a combustor operating at pressures in the range of 520 - 1030 kPa (75-150 psi) and inlet temperature of 480 - 620 K (865-1120 R). The primary reaction zone is in a single trapped-vortex cavity where the equivalence ratio was varied from 0.7 to 1.8. Combustion efficiencies and NO,, emissions were measured and exit temperature profiles obtained, for various air loadings, cavity equivalence ratios, and configurations with and without turbine inlet vanes. A combined diffuser-flameholder (CDF) was used in configurations without vanes to study the interaction of cavity and core flows. Higher combustion efficiency was achieved when the forward-to-aft momentum ratios of the air jets in the cavity were near unity or higher. Discrete jets of air immediately above the cavity result in the highest combustion efficiency. The air jets reinforce the vortex structure within the cavity, as confirmed through coherent structure velocimetry of high-speed images. A more uniform temperature profile was observed at the combustor exit when a CDF is used instead of vanes. This is the result of increased mass transport along the face of the flame holder. Emission indices of NO,, were between 3.5 and 6.5 g/kgthei for all test conditions. Ultra-compact combustors (with a single cavity) can be run with higher air loadings than those employed in previous testing with a trapped-vortex combustor (two cavities) with similar combustion efficiencies being maintained. The results of this study suggest that the length of combustors and adjacent components can be reduced by employing a systems level approach. C1 [Blunck, David; Shouse, Dale; Neuroth, Craig; Battelle, Ryan; Lynch, Amy; Sekar, Balu; Zelina, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Erdmann, Timothy; Burrus, David] Innovative Sci Solutions Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Howard, Rebecca] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Briones, Alejandro] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. [Richardson, Daniel] CNR, Dayton, OH USA. [Caswell, Andrew] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blunck, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5510-2 PY 2013 AR V001T04A026 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5DT UT WOS:000361340900026 ER PT B AU Wilson, JD Polanka, MD AF Wilson, Jacob D. Polanka, Marc D. GP ASME TI REDUCTION OF RAYLEIGH LOSSES IN A HIGH G-LOADED ULTRA COMPACT COMBUSTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB There is a current need to reduce turbine engine system size and weight. An Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) is a system that attempts to accomplish this by integrating the compressor, combustor, and turbine stages. The main feature of this system is a high gravity-loaded combustor that burns the fuel in the circumferential direction around a hybrid vane row. One consequence of this design is that the UCC needs the combustion process to complete within the vane passage. A second issue is that combining the compressor and turbine results in large flow swirl and high Mach number in the core flow. Combined, these two issues lead to the potential for high Rayleigh losses for this design. This investigation used MATLAB to develop an area ruling inside the passage that allowed the flow to slow to a reasonable Mach number during the heat release process and then accelerate to the desired turbine rotor inlet Mach once combustion has finished Results showed that it was possible to reduce Rayleigh losses in this manner, but equilibrium between Rayleigh losses and aerodynamic losses must be met. This model was incorporated into a design of a test rig. Reductions of more than 5% in Rayleigh losses in the experimental rig are expected C1 [Wilson, Jacob D.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5510-2 PY 2013 AR UNSP V001T04A057 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5DT UT WOS:000361340900057 ER PT B AU Kidman, D Stevens, C Remund, T Poulson, R Kitto, W Vining, C AF Kidman, David Stevens, Craig Remund, Todd Poulson, Robert Kitto, William Vining, Charles GP ASME TI Misconceptions in Test Accuracy: Confidence Intervals vs. Statistical Power - An Engine Inlet Example SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The United States Air Force (USAF) is continually looking for ways to improve test and evaluation techniques to ensure systems meet military requirements. Since 1997, Air Combat Command (ACC) has been successfully using Design of Experiments (DOE) to construct and analyze operational test efforts. This paper highlights recent Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) efforts to pursue statistically defensible test techniques to aid developmental test efforts. Defensible testing is a statistical approach which encompasses DOE but also emphasizes the need for better test planning by insisting on understanding the system under test, by requiring clear and achievable test objectives, by ensuring system performance is measurable, and by requiring that instrumentation accuracy and uncertainty are well understood and by estimating risk in test planning and evaluations which sometimes require confidence and power calculations. This paper highlights the Air Force Flight Test Center's (AFFTC) first steps to improve aircraft propulsion system developmental test and evaluation (T&E) through the implementation of statistically defensible test techniques. Specifically, this paper provides insight into test accuracy. Engineers typically misuse terminology to specify test accuracy (error, precision, uncertainty, confidence intervals, etc...). This paper will present a case study in which the engineer specifies test accuracy requirements in terms of margin of error using 95-percent confidence intervals (CI's). However, statisticians recommend using "Statistical Power" to ensure desired accuracy is achieved. Which is best to achieve test goals (CI's or Power)? This paper will provide case study based on results from a recent aircraft engine inlet upgrade and provide a comparison between margin of error (confidence intervals) and statistical power results. A case will be made that statistical power is more mathematically rigorous than typical margin of error approaches and should be used to ensure test accuracy requirements are met. C1 [Kidman, David; Stevens, Craig] Prop Integrat Flight, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Remund, Todd; Poulson, Robert; Kitto, William] Stat Consultants Flight, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vining, Charles] Turbine Engine Test Complex, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Kidman, D (reprint author), Prop Integrat Flight, 307 East Popson,Bldg 1400, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM david.kidman@edwards.af.mil; william.kitto@edwards.af.mil; charles.vining@arnold.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5513-3 PY 2013 AR V002T01A006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels GA BD5DW UT WOS:000361341300006 ER PT B AU Keenan, M Amano, RS Ou, SC AF Keenan, Michael Amano, Ryo S. Ou, Shichuan GP ASME TI STUDY OF AN IMPINGEMENT COOLING JET ARRAY FOR TURBINE BLADE COOLING WITH SINGLE AND DOUBLE EXIT CASES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 3A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW AB A study was conducted on convective heat transfer of a 55 impingement jet array (5x11) with a constant heat flux boundary condition. A spatial variation in a time-averaged Nusselt number, as well as a spanwise time-averaged Nusselt number, are presented for jet Reynolds numbers of 4,000, 8,000, 12,000, and 15,000 for jet to target standoff distances of z/D=3, 4 and 5. For each of these configurations the exit flow was varied to include both a single exit and a double exit configuration. In all cases, the computed Nusselt number correlates well with the experimentally measured results. The local and spanwise averaged Nusselt number distributions are presented as a function of the jet Reynolds number. Several complex heat transfer and flow phenomena were clarified through extensive computational investigation by using CFD analyses. C1 [Keenan, Michael; Amano, Ryo S.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Ou, Shichuan] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Amano, RS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5514-0 PY 2013 AR V03AT12A002 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD5DX UT WOS:000361341400002 ER PT B AU Ni, RH Humber, W Fan, G Clark, JP Anthony, RJ Johnson, JJ AF Ni, Ron-Ho Humber, William Fan, George Clark, John P. Anthony, Richard J. Johnson, Jamie J. GP ASME TI COMPARISON OF PREDICTIONS FROM CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A FILM-COOLED TURBINE VANE TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 3B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Conjugate heat transfer analysis was conducted on a 648 hole film cooled turbine vane using Code Leo and compared to experimental results obtained at the Air Force Research Laboratory Turbine Research Facility. An unstructured mesh with fully resolved film holes for both fluid and solid domains was used to conduct the conjugate heat transfer simulation on a desktop PC with eight cores. Initial heat flux and surface metal temperature predictions showed reasonable agreement with heat flux measurements but under prediction of surface metal temperature values. Root cause analysis was performed, leading to two refinements. First, a thermal barrier coating layer was introduced into the analysis to account for the insulating properties of the Kapton layer used for the heat flux gauges. Second, inlet boundary conditions were updated to more accurately reflect rig measurement conditions. The resulting surface metal temperature predictions showed excellent agreement relative to measured results (+1- 5 degrees K). C1 [Ni, Ron-Ho; Humber, William; Fan, George] AeroDynam Solut Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Clark, John P.; Anthony, Richard J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Johnson, Jamie J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ni, RH (reprint author), AeroDynam Solut Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5515-7 PY 2013 AR V03BT11A013 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD5GN UT WOS:000361407200013 ER PT B AU Anthony, RJ Clark, JP AF Anthony, Richard J. Clark, John P. GP ASME TI A REVIEW OF THE AFRL TURBINE RESEARCH FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 3C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS; TRANSONIC TURBINE; PRESSURE; BLADE; PREDICTIONS; FLUX; STAGE AB The Air Force Research Laboratory Turbine Research Facility is a transient blowdown facility that allows simultaneous measurement of unsteady heat transfer and aerodynamics on full scale engine hardware. It is unique for its size and consequent blowdown duration. Compared to engine validation testing, full scale, short duration turbine-rig testing is able to provide very large amounts of rotating turbine flowfield information using far less energy, orders of magnitude lower cost, and greater instrumentation selection. This paper provides an updated review of the facility's history, operation, and enhancements since its initial construction over two decades ago. Historical connections to pioneering work in short-duration turbine heat transfer testing are highlighted, and an overview of past developments, features, and capabilities is given. More recent experimental and computational integration is described using a suite of in-house developed CFD design and analysis tools. Example test programs include a non-proprietary 1+ 1/2 stage research turbine rig, which is the most heavily instrumented high pressure turbine tested in the facility to date.. Recent data illustrates the character of unsteady airfoil shock interactions that may lead to large levels of resonant stress or turbine high cycle fatigue. The paper ends with a brief discussion of future work. C1 [Anthony, Richard J.; Clark, John P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Turbomachinery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anthony, RJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Turbomachinery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5516-4 PY 2013 AR V03CT14A010 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD5GO UT WOS:000361408300010 ER PT B AU Byerley, AR Rolling, AJ Van Treuren, KW AF Byerley, Aaron R. Rolling, August J. Van Treuren, Kenneth W. GP ASME TI ESTIMATING GAS TURBINE ENGINE WEIGHT, COSTS, AND DEVELOPMENT TIME DURING THE PRELIMINARY AIRCRAFT ENGINE DESIGN PROCESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper describes the application of a weight and cost-estimating methodology used in an undergraduate aircraft engine design course that is taught in concert with a companion course in airframe design. The two preliminary designs, one for the engine and the other for the airframe, must be integrated as subsystems within a system to satisfy the performance requirements of a given mission as outlined in a single "request for proposals". In recent years, systems engineering management majors have been added to the design teams to work alongside the aeronautical engineering majors to analyze and report on costs, schedule, and technical risk factors in addition to the operational performance factors that have previously been the sole focus of the course. The teaming of technical management majors and aeronautical engineering majors has been driven by a heightened emphasis on system affordability. The cost-estimating methodology for gas turbine engines uses cycle parameters such as turbine rotor inlet temperature, overall pressure ratio, specific fuel consumption, level of technology, and engine dry weight as inputs. A methodology for estimating dry engine weight was developed which uses engine cycle parameters and fan face diameter as inputs in a volume analog scaling factor which was correlated against historical engine weight data. To tie all of the performance, weight, cost, and development time issues together, the paper presents an "analysis of alternatives" example that considers three different engine cycle alternatives. The design tools presented in this paper will provide a strong foundational understanding of how to systematically weigh and evaluate the important tradeoffs between aircraft turbofan engine performance, cost, schedule, and risk factors. Equipping students with the insight and ability to perform these multidisciplinary trade studies during the preliminary engine design process is this paper's most important contribution. C1 [Byerley, Aaron R.; Rolling, August J.] USAF Acad, Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Van Treuren, Kenneth W.] USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. RP Byerley, AR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5518-8 PY 2013 AR V004T08A011 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Education & Educational Research; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JI UT WOS:000361499900058 ER PT B AU Pakmehr, M Fitzgerald, N Feron, EM Shamma, JS Behbahani, A AF Pakmehr, Mehrdad Fitzgerald, Nathan Feron, Eric M. Shamma, Jeff S. Behbahani, Alireza GP ASME TI GAIN SCHEDULING CONTROL OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES: STABILITY BY COMPUTING A SINGLE QUADRATIC LYAPUNOV FUNCTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; TURBOFAN ENGINE; DESIGN AB We develop and describe a stable gain scheduling controller for a gas turbine engine that drives a variable pitch propeller A stability proof is developed for gain scheduled closed-loop system using global linearization and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Using convex optimization tools, a single quadratic Lyapunov function is computed for multiple linearizations near equilibrium and non-equilibrium points of the nonlinear closed-loop system. This approach guarantees stability of the closed-loop gas turbine engine system. Simulation results show the developed gain scheduling controller is capable of regulating a turboshaft engine for large thrust commands in a stable fashion with proper tracking performance. C1 [Pakmehr, Mehrdad] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, DCL, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fitzgerald, Nathan] Aurora Flight Sci Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Feron, Eric M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shamma, Jeff S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pakmehr, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, DCL, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mehrdad.pakmehr@gatech.edu; nfitzgerald@aurora.aero; feron@gatech.edu; shamma@gatech.edu; alireza.behbahani@wpafb.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5518-8 PY 2013 AR V004T06A027 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Education & Educational Research; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JI UT WOS:000361499900046 ER PT B AU Rouser, KP Thorn, CR Byerley, AR Wisniewski, CF Nowlin, SR Van Treuren, KW AF Rouser, Kurt P. Thorn, Caitlin R. Byerley, Aaron R. Wisniewski, Charles F. Nowlin, Scott R. Van Treuren, Kenneth W. GP ASME TI INTEGRATION OF A TURBINE CASCADE FACILITY INTO AN UNDERGRADUATE THERMO-PROPULSION SEQUENCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID STATOR ROTOR INTERACTIONS; HEAT-TRANSFER; TURBULENCE AB The Department of Aeronautics at the United States Air Force Academy utilizes a closed-loop, two-dimensional turbine cascade wind tunnel to reinforce a learning-focused undergraduate thermo-propulsion sequence. While previous work presented in the literature outlined the Academy thermo-propulsion sequence and the contextual framework for instruction, this current paper addresses how the Academy turbine cascade facility is integrated into the aeronautical engineering course sequence. Cadets who concentrate in propulsion are to some extent prepared for each successive course through their contact with the cascade, and ultimately they graduate with an exposure to experimental research that enhances their grasp of gas turbine engine fundamentals. Initially,. the cascade is used to reinforce airfoil theory to all cadets in the Fundamentals of Aeronautics course. Aeronautical engineering majors take this course during the first semester of their sophomore year The next semester all aeronautical engineering majors take Introduction to Aero-thermodynamics. In this course, the closed-loop aspect of the cascade facility is used to reinforce concepts of work addition to the flow Heat transfer is also discussed, using the heat exchanger that regulates test section temperature. Exposure to the cascade also prepares cadets for the ensuing Introduction to Propulsion and Aeronautics Laboratory courses, taken in the junior and senior year respectively. In the propulsion course, cadets connect thermodynamic principles to component analysis. In the laboratory course, cadets work in pairs on propulsion projects sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory, including projects in the cascade wind tunnel. Individual cadets are selected from the cascade research teams for summer internships, working at an Air Force Research Laboratory turbine cascade tunnel. Ultimately, cadet experiences with the Academy turbine cascade help lay the foundation for a two-part senior propulsion capstone sequence in which cadets design a gas turbine engine starting with the overall cycle selection leading to component-level design. The turbine cascade also serves to integrate propulsion principles and fluid mechanics through a senior. elective Computational Fluid Dynamics course. In this course, cadets may select a computational project related to the cascade. Cadets who complete the therrno-propulsion sequence graduate with a thorough understanding of turbine engine fundamentals from both conceptual and applied perspectives. Their exposure to the cascade facility is an important part of the process. An assessment of cadet learning is presented to validate the effectiveness of this integrated research-classroom approach. C1 [Rouser, Kurt P.; Thorn, Caitlin R.; Byerley, Aaron R.; Wisniewski, Charles F.; Nowlin, Scott R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Van Treuren, Kenneth W.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX USA. RP Rouser, KP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5518-8 PY 2013 AR V004T08A002 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Education & Educational Research; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JI UT WOS:000361499900049 ER PT B AU Turner, MG Rumpfkeil, MP VanKuren, JT Roberts, RA Bons, J Smith, T Ausserer, JK Litke, P AF Turner, Mark G. Rumpfkeil, Markus P. VanKuren, James T. Roberts, Rory A. Bons, Jeffrey Smith, Tim Ausserer, Joseph K. Litke, Paul GP ASME TI THRUST VECTORING DESIGN PROJECT AT SIX UNIVERSITIES (PART I): PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND FINAL DESIGNS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An undergraduate student design and build project has been established by the US Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory as part of an outreach program. During the 20112012 academic year, undergraduate students of six universities participated in designing a thrust vectoring system for a small (20 pound-thrust) jet engine. A description of the project parameters and student designs is given in this paper. It proved to be an extremely successful project, and other professors and students can learn from the different approaches taken by the six different teams and the project itself. Industry will also be interested in the depth and breadth of an undergraduate project that is being used to educate their future engineering workforce. C1 [Turner, Mark G.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Rumpfkeil, Markus P.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [VanKuren, James T.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Roberts, Rory A.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Bons, Jeffrey] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smith, Tim] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ausserer, Joseph K.; Litke, Paul] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5518-8 PY 2013 AR V004T08A008 PG 16 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Education & Educational Research; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JI UT WOS:000361499900055 ER PT B AU Zein-Sabatto, S Behbahani, A Mgaya, RH Bodruzzaman, M AF Zein-Sabatto, Saleh Behbahani, Alireza Mgaya, Richard Hans Bodruzzaman, Mohammad GP ASME TI Turbine Engine Reconfigurable Control Systems For Aircraft Propulsion Performance Improvement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Artificial intelligent technologies are being investigated for development of advanced adaptation and reconfiguration algorithms for turbine engine distributed control systems. Adding adaptation and reconfiguration feature to the control systems is expected to improve engine performance and provide more efficient aircraft operations. The benefits of transitioning from the existing centralized supervisory control, the Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC), of turbine engines to distributed control architecture have been well articulated in the literature. The major benefits are summarized as; weight reduction, cost saving, and damage tolerant turbine engines. However, consideration of advanced intelligent technologies in the design and operation of distributed control systems has been a challenging task and requires further investigation. This paper describes research activities to address the above stated challenge leading to fully reconfigurable distributed control systems for turbine engines of the future aircrafts. The goal of the research work is to accelerate the development and implementation of disturbed control systems in aircrafts propulsion controls and its integration with distributed diagnostics and prognostics algorithms. This will be achieved by means of using artificial intelligent technologies to design adaptation and reconfiguration algorithms and integrate it with a set of engine decentralized controllers. Fuzzy inference concept will be used to develop and implement the proposed adaptation and reconfiguration algorithms. Finally, the integrated reconfiguration algorithms with the control system will be tested and verified on publicly available turbine engine simulation software. C1 [Zein-Sabatto, Saleh; Mgaya, Richard Hans; Bodruzzaman, Mohammad] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zein-Sabatto, S (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5518-8 PY 2013 AR V004T06A012 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Education & Educational Research; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JI UT WOS:000361499900031 ER PT B AU Leylek, Z Anderson, WS Rowlinson, G Smith, N AF Leylek, Zafer Anderson, Wesly S. Rowlinson, Glen Smith, Nigel GP ASME TI AN INVESTIGATION INTO PERFORMANCE MODELING OF A SMALL GAS TURBINE ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 5A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A small gas turbine performance modeling and testing project has been completed as part of a DSTO research program. The main objective of the program was to enhance capability in understanding and modeling the thermodynamic and performance characteristics of gas turbine engines. The secondary objective of the program was development of a simple, low-cost test apparatus for basic thrust augmentation technologies and infrared suppression studies. Engine performance modeling was conducted using commercial software (Gasturb) and an in-house developed code. Various techniques were used in predicting component performance which included scaling of published performance data, use of standard empirical performance models, mean-line and through flow codes and detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method was made and compared with engine test data. The AMT Olympus HP turbojet engine was used as the test engine. The engine was instrumented using a bell mouth to measure mass flow rate, load cell to measure thrust, tachometer to measure engine rotational speed, thermocouples to measure flow total temperature and pressure transducers to measure wall static pressure at various stations along the engine. A pair of Olympus engines were tested for comparison during baseline testing, with consistent results between the two. The first engine was fully instrumented and used in all of the tests. This engine was used to test the engine standard operating line tests to determine bulk performance and establish compressor operating line. Tests were repeated and error analysis conducted to ensure repeatability and validity of the data. The second engine was used as a control engine with only the OEM supplied instrumentation, thrust and bell mouth used for benchmarking purposes. The data from both engines have been compared with the engine performance model and OEM data. A number of other tests were completed to "stress" the engine and shift its operating line closer to the compressor stall line. This was accomplished through various types of exhaust blockage. Stall behaviour was clearly evident in the initial commissioning tests where a large nozzle blockage resulted in engine stall and incomplete start-up. Engine performance and compressor map results from the tests have been compared to the engine performance model with good agreement. C1 [Leylek, Zafer; Rowlinson, Glen; Smith, Nigel] Def Sci Technol Org, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Anderson, Wesly S.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Leylek, Z (reprint author), Def Sci Technol Org, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5519-5 PY 2013 AR V05AT23A007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD5JJ UT WOS:000361500100031 ER PT B AU Benton, SI Bernardini, C Bons, JP Sondergaard, R AF Benton, Stuart I. Bernardini, Chiara Bons, Jeffrey P. Sondergaard, Rolf GP ASME TI PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF UNSTEADY ENDWALL BLOWING ON A HIGHLY LOADED LPT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SECONDARY FLOW; COMPRESSOR CASCADE; TURBINE CASCADES; LOSSES AB Efforts to reduce blade count and avoid boundary layer separation have led to low-pressure turbine airfoils with significant increases in loading as well as front-loaded pressure distributions. These features have been independently shown to increase losses within the secondary flow field at the endwall. Compound angle blowing from discrete jets on the blade suction surface near the endwall has been shown to be effective in reducing these increased losses and enabling the efficient use of highly loaded blade designs. In this study, experiments are performed on the front loaded L2F low-pressure turbine airfoil in a linear cascade. The required mass flow is reduced by decreasing hole count from previous configurations and from the introduction of unsteady blowing. The effects of pulsing frequency and duty cycle are investigated using phase-locked stereo particle image velocimetry to demonstrate the large scale movement and hysteresis behavior of the passage vortex interacting with the pulsed jets. Total pressure loss contours at the cascade outlet demonstrate that the efficiency benefit is maintained with the use of unsteady forcing. C1 [Benton, Stuart I.; Bernardini, Chiara; Bons, Jeffrey P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benton, SI (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM benton.53@osu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5522-5 PY 2013 AR V06AT36A026 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5JL UT WOS:000361500500067 ER PT B AU Lyall, ME King, PI Clark, JP Sondergaard, R AF Lyall, M. Eric King, Paul I. Clark, John P. Sondergaard, Rolf GP ASME TI ENDWALL LOSS REDUCTION OF HIGH LIFT LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOILS USING PROFILE CONTOURING - PART I: AIRFOIL DESIGN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SECONDARY FLOWS; PERFORMANCE; CASCADES AB This paper presents the reasoning for and the design process of contouring a high lift front-loaded low pressure turbine (LPT) airfoil near the endwall to reduce the endwall loss. The test airfoil, L2F, was designed to the approximate gas angles with 38% larger pitchwise spacing than the widely studied Pack B airfoil. Being more front-loaded with a higher stagger angle, L2F is shown to produce more endwall losses than Pack B. It is suggested that the high endwall loss of L2F is due to the high stagger angle, not front-loading as usually suggested in the literature. A procedure is presented to approximate the front-loading and stall resistance of L2F and obtain a low stagger version of that airfoil, designated L2F-LS. A contoured airfoil is then designed by transitioning L2F into L2F-LS at the endwall to obtain a benefit from the reduced stagger angle at the endwall. The contouring process generates a fillet, so the contoured airfoil is referred to as L2F-EF ("Endwall Fillet"). Predictions in this paper suggest endwall loss reductions between 17% and 24% at Re = 100,000. Linear cascade experiments in Part II [1] of this paper indicate that L2F-EF reduces endwall losses more than 20% compared to L2F. The overall conclusion is that the stagger angle, has a significant effect on endwall loss and should be considered for designing high lift LPT airfoils at the endwall. C1 [Lyall, M. Eric; Clark, John P.; Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [King, Paul I.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyall, ME (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5522-5 PY 2013 AR V06AT36A023 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5JL UT WOS:000361500500064 ER PT B AU Sangston, K Little, J Lyall, ME Sondergaard, R AF Sangston, Keith Little, Jesse Lyall, M. Eric Sondergaard, Rolf GP ASME TI ENDWALL LOSS REDUCTION OF HIGH LIFT LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOILS USING PROFILE CONTOURING - PART II: VALIDATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SECONDARY FLOWS; CASCADES; DESIGN AB The hypothesis, posed in Part I [1], that excessive endwall loss of high lift low pressure turbine (LPT) airfoils is due to the influence of high stagger angles on the endwall pressure distribution and not front-loading is evaluated in a linear cascade at Re = 100,000 using both experimental and computational studies. A nominally high lift and high stagger angle front-loaded profile (L2F) with aspect ratio 3.5 is contoured at the endwall to reduce the stagger angle while maintaining the front loading. The contouring process effectively generates a fillet at the endwall, so the resulting airfoil is referred to as L2F-EF (Endwall Fillet). Although referred to as a fillet, this profile contouring process is novel in that it is designed to isolate the effect of stagger angle on endwall loss. Total pressure loss measurements downstream of the blade row indicate that the use of the lower stagger angle at the endwall reduces mixed out mass averaged endwall and passage losses approximately 23% and 10% respectively. This is in good agreement with computational results used to design the contour which predict 18% and 7% loss reductions. The endwall flow field of the L2F and L2F-EF models is measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) in the passage. These data are used to quantify changes in the endwall flow field due to the contouring. PIV results show that this loss reduction is characterized by reduced inlet boundary layer separation as well as a change in strength and location of the suction side horseshoe vortex (Shy) and passage vortex (PV). The endwall profile contouring also produces a reduction in all terms of the Reynolds stress tensor consistent with a decrease in deformation work and overall flow unsteadiness. These results confirm that the stagger angle has a significant effect on high-lift front-loaded LPT endwall loss. Low stagger profiling is successful in reducing endwall loss by limiting the development and migration of the low momentum fluid associated with the SHV and PV interaction. C1 [Sangston, Keith; Little, Jesse] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lyall, M. Eric; Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sangston, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5522-5 PY 2013 AR V06AT36A024 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5JL UT WOS:000361500500065 ER PT B AU Ni, RH Humber, W Ni, M Sondergaard, R Ooten, M AF Ni, Ron Ho Humber, William Ni, Michael Sondergaard, Rolf Ooten, Mike GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION OF A TURBINE UNDER PARTIAL-ADMISSION AND FLOW PULSATION CONDITIONS AT INLET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper describes a procedure for assessing the efficiency of a turbine operating under unsteady periodic flow at the inlet. Time-resolved flow simulations of the modified Garrett turbine case A3K7 are conducted with time-varying inlet conditions upstream of the turbine. A mass-weighted moving average is applied to the instantaneous data over a period corresponding to the pulsing frequency of the time-varying inlet conditions. The resulting time averaged data is then used to assess the convergence of the numerical solution and evaluate the turbine performance. Three methods of computing the time-averaged turbine efficiency are presented. The first method, referred to as the TP method, is based upon the use of mass-weighted average of the total temperature (TO and total pressure (P-t). The second method; the TS method, uses the mass-weighted average of total temperature (T-t) and entropy (S). The third method, the WS method, employs the moving average of specific work output (W-s) and work lost due to entropy (S) increase. A comparison of time-averaged specific work output, stage efficiency, and rotor efficiency is made for three turbine operating configurations: partial admission, synchronized pulsation, and sequential pulsing flow conditions of the sector inlets. Results show that for the tested rotor speed, the efficiency increases as the inlet pulsing frequency is reduced, and that when inlet sectors are not opened simultaneously, a large drop in efficiency occurs due to spillage of high energy fluid between the open and closed sectors. Additionally, it is shown that due to the non-convective nature of total pressure, the TP method for efficiency is not reliable while the TS and WS methods are able to produce consistent results. C1 [Ni, Ron Ho; Humber, William; Ni, Michael] AeroDynam Solut Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf; Ooten, Mike] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ni, RH (reprint author), AeroDynam Solut Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5524-9 PY 2013 AR V06CT42A019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5XF UT WOS:000361866100053 ER PT B AU Holycross, CM Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, OE George, TJ AF Holycross, Casey M. Shen, M-H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E. George, Tommy J. GP ASME TI ENERGY-BASED FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION FOR COMBINED LOW CYCLE AND HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Gas turbine engine components are subjected to both low and high cycle fatigue as a result of mechanical and vibrational loading. Mechanical loading is generally within the low cycle fatigue regime and attributed to throttle up/throttle down cycles of various flight maneuvers or engine start-up/shut-down cycles over the course of a component's lifetime. Vibrational loading causes high cycle fatigue of a multiaxial stress state, and is attributed to various forced and free vibration sources manifested as high order bending or torsion modes. Understanding the interaction of these two fatigue regimes is necessary to develop robust design techniques for gas turbine engines and turbomachinoy in general. Furthermore, applying a method to accurately predict fatigue performance from a reduced data set can greatly reduce time and material costs. This study investigates commonly used fatigue life prediction models and techniques in their ability to accurately model fatigue lives of Al 6061-T651 cylindrical test specimens subjected to various stress ratios, mean stresses, and high cycle/low cycle interaction. Comparisons between these models are made and modifications are proposed than can account for these complex loading effects where appropriate. C1 [Holycross, Casey M.; Shen, M-H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E.; George, Tommy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5526-3 PY 2013 AR V07AT27A010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZA UT WOS:000361919800016 ER PT B AU Kaszynski, A Beck, JA Brown, JM AF Kaszynski, Alex Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. GP ASME TI UNCERTAINTIES OF AN AUTOMATED OPTICAL 3D GEOMETRY MEASUREMENT, MODELING, AND ANALYSIS PROCESS FOR MISTUNED IBR REVERSE ENGINEERING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An automated reverse engineering process is developed that uses a structured light optical measurement system to collect dense point cloud geometry representations. The modeling process is automated through integration of software for point cloud processing, reverse engineering, solid model creation, grid generation, and structural solution. Process uncertainties are quantified on a calibration block and demonstrated on an academic transonic integrally bladed rotor. These uncertainties are propagated through physics-based models to assess impacts on predicted modal and mistuned forced response. Process details are discussed and recommendations made on reducing uncertainty Reverse engineered parts averaged a deviation of 0.0002 in. (5 mu m) which did not significantly impact low and mid-range frequency responses. High frequency modes were found to be sensitive to these uncertainties demonstrating the need for future refinement of reverse engineering processes. C1 [Kaszynski, Alex; Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaszynski, A (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5526-3 PY 2013 AR V07AT28A004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZA UT WOS:000361919800022 ER PT B AU Rollon, R Gualtieri, G Garcia, M Dowd, A Johnson, PD Finnegan, J Kobelak, M Anthony, R Clark, J AF Rollon, Ryan Gualtieri, Guy Garcia, Manny Dowd, Adam Johnson, P. Dean Finnegan, John Kobelak, Mike Anthony, Rich Clark, John GP ASME TI AN INTEGRATED PRODUCT TEAM APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLEX ROTOR SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper details development efforts for the Turbine Research Facility (TRF) rotor system at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). In some previous test programs, the prior TRF rotor drive system was known to experience instances of excessive vibration during spin-up, limiting the robustness of the facility to execute its primary mission of developing advanced turbine aerothermal technologies; this paper will cover redesign and validation of the TRF rotor system to allow that mission to resume safely. First, a brief summary of the root cause investigation of historical rotordynamic issues at the facility is given; this pointed the way for the primary redesign path. Next, rotor system redesign elements will be covered and these are interspersed with design, manufacturing and assembly considerations for rotordynamics trades. This is followed by a discussion of rotordynamics analysis methodologies including the coupling of a one-dimensional beam element code with three-dimensional finite element analyses and laboratory component data to produce high fidelity rotordynamics predictions. In conclusion, test validation specifically concentrating on proximity probe and accelerometer data is presented along with a comparison to design intent. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated product team (IPT) approach to the development of a complex rotor system solution. C1 [Rollon, Ryan; Gualtieri, Guy; Garcia, Manny; Dowd, Adam; Johnson, P. Dean] Florida Turbine Technol Inc, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Finnegan, John; Kobelak, Mike; Anthony, Rich; Clark, John] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rollon, R (reprint author), Florida Turbine Technol Inc, 1701 Mil Trail,Suite 110, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5526-3 PY 2013 AR V07AT29A001 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZA UT WOS:000361919800028 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O Schwartz, J George, T Cross, C Holycross, C Shen, MHH AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome Schwartz, Jeremy George, Tommy Cross, Charles Holycross, Casey Shen, M. H. Herman GP ASME TI In-situ Study on Coaxing during Vibration-Based Bending Fatigue of Inconel 625 and 718 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID STRESS AB This study observes coaxing effects on aerospace nickel alloys during vibration-based bending fatigue loading. The purpose of this analysis is to determine if Goodman diagrams can be constructed using bending fatigue life data at experimentally defined cycles to failure. The methodology for controlling the number of cycles to failure requires a series of understressing steps, where stress amplitude is incrementally increased at each step. This method, known as the step-test procedure, states that, for some materials, the stress amplitude corresponding to the controlled cycles-to-failure can be determined through linear interpolation between the failure step and the previous non-failure step. Using the step-test procedure, experimental bending fatigue life results were gathered from cold-rolled Inconel 625 and 718 plate specimens. These bending loads are applied with a vibration-based experimental method, known as the George fatigue method, which utilizes modal vibration for fatigue loading. The fatigue life results from the George fatigue method are compared to life data from previously published constant stress amplitude experiments to determine if coaxing affects the fatigue performance of the Inconel materials. Results show that Inconel 625 has an improved fatigue performance that could be attributed to several possible factors, including coaxing, while the Inconel 718 data is shown to be within a 50% confidence band of constant stress amplitude data from the same material stock. The findings in this study increases the knowledge necessary to attain more relevant and less conservative empirical data for designing against high cycle fatigue (HCF) failure of complex gas turbine engine components. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; Schwartz, Jeremy; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Holycross, Casey; Shen, M. H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5526-3 PY 2013 AR V07AT27A003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZA UT WOS:000361919800009 ER PT B AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Cross, CJ Slater, JC AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Cross, Charles J. Slater, Joseph C. GP ASME TI GEOMETRIC MISTUNING REDUCED ORDER MODELS FOR INTEGRALLY BLADED ROTORS WITH MISTUNED DISK-BLADE BOUNDARIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; VIBRATION AB New geometric mistuning approaches for integrally bladed rotors (IBRs) are developed for incorporating geometric perturbations to a fundamental disk-blade sector, particularly the disk-blade boundary, or connection. The developed Reduced Oder Models (ROMs) are formulated from a Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis (C-B CMS) framework that is further reduced by a truncated set of interface modes that are obtained from an eigen-analysis of the C-B CMS constraint degrees of freedom (DOFs). An investigation into using a set of tuned interface modes and tuned constraint modes for model reduction is then performed. A tuned mode approximation has the added benefit of being only calculated once which offers significant computational savings for subsequent analyses. Two configurations of disk-blade connection mistuning are investigated: as-measured principal component deviations and random perturbations to the inter-blade spacing. Furthermore, the perturbation sizes are amplified to investigate the significance of incorporating mistuned disk-blade connection. Free and forced response results are obtained for each ROM and each disk-blade connection type and compared to full finite element model (FEM) solutions. It is shown that the developed methods provide highly accurate results with a significant reduction in solution time compared to the full FEM. In addition, results indicate that the inclusion of a mistuned disk-blade connection becomes significant as the size of the geometric deviations at the connection become large. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Def Aerosp Studies, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck@wpafb.af.mil; Joseph.Slater@wright.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5527-0 PY 2013 AR V07BT31A005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZB UT WOS:000361919900034 ER PT B AU Vishwakarma, V Sinha, A Bhartiya, Y Brown, JM AF Vishwakarma, Vinod Sinha, Alok Bhartiya, Yasharth Brown, Jeffery M. GP ASME TI Modified Modal Domain Analysis of a Bladed Rotor Using Coordinate Measurement Machine Data on Geometric Mistuning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID DISKS AB Modified Modal Domain Analysis (MMDA), a reduced order modeling technique, is applied to a geometrically mistuned integrally bladed rotor to obtain its natural frequencies, mode shapes and forced response. The geometric mistuning of blades is described in terms of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the coordinate measurement machine (CMM) data. Results from MMDA are compared to those from the full (360 degrees) rotor ANSYS model. It is found that the MMDA can accurately predict natural frequencies, mode shapes, and forced response. The effects of the number of POD features and the number of tuned modes used as bases for model reduction are examined. Results from frequency mistuning approaches, fundamental mistuning model (FMM) and subset of nominal modes (SNM), are also generated and compared to those from full (360 degree) rotor ANSYS model. It is clearly seen that FMM and SNM are unable to yield accurate results whereas MMDA yields highly accurate results. C1 [Vishwakarma, Vinod; Sinha, Alok; Bhartiya, Yasharth] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brown, Jeffery M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vishwakarma, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5527-0 PY 2013 AR V07BT31A006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZB UT WOS:000361919900035 ER PT S AU Cheng, Y DeMars, KJ Fruh, C Jah, MK AF Cheng, Yang DeMars, Kyle J. Fruh, Carolin Jah, Moriba K. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI GAUSSIAN MIXTURE PHD FILTER FOR SPACE OBJECT TRACKING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID HYPOTHESIS DENSITY FILTER; PROPAGATION; UNCERTAINTY AB A Gaussian mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter for multiple space object tracking is presented. The PHD filter is a computationally tractable approximate Bayesian multi-object filter based on finite set statistics. The intensity of the Gaussian mixture PHD filter is represented by a variable-size Gaussian mixture, which is propagated and updated by a Gaussian mixture filter that accounts for the nonlinear effect of long-term orbit propagation. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the viability of the filter for space object tracking. C1 [Cheng, Yang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [DeMars, Kyle J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Fruh, Carolin] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cheng, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 649 EP 668 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700039 ER PT S AU Fruh, C Jah, MK AF Fruh, Carolin Jah, Moriba K. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI COUPLED ORBIT-ATTITUDE MOTION OF HIGH AREA-TO-MASS RATIO (HAMR) OBJECTS INCLUDING SELF-SHADOWING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID SPACE DEBRIS AB This paper shows the effect of self-shadowing on the coupled attitude-orbit dynamics of objects with high area-to-mass ratios (HAMR) in simulating standard multi layer insulation materials (Mil) as tilted single rigid sheets. The coupled orbit-attitude perturbations of solar radiation pressure and Earth gravity field are taken into account. The results are compared to the attitude-orbit dynamics, when neglecting self-shadowing effects. An averaged physical shadow-map model is developed and compared to the full self-shadowing simulation. Accuracy considerations are made and the effect of a chosen tessellation is shown. C1 [Fruh, Carolin; Jah, Moriba K.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fruh, C (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cfrueh@unm.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 1735 EP 1754 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700101 ER PT S AU Bevilacqua, R Lovell, TA AF Bevilacqua, Riccardo Lovell, Thomas Alan BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI ANALYTICAL GUIDANCE FOR SPACECRAFT RELATIVE MOTION UNDER CONSTANT THRUST USING RELATIVE ORBIT ELEMENTS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES AB This paper introduces novel analytical guidance solutions for spacecraft relative motion considering continuous, on-off thrust, and using Relative Orbit Elements as a geometrical representation of the dynamics. The solutions provide the relative state vector at any given time, accommodating any thrust magnitude along the three directions of the relative frame, as well as generic activation times and durations. Relative Orbit Elements geometrically interpret key aspects of the relative motion, including for example, the relative ellipse size, and the evolution of its center in time. The new solutions provide the guidance designer with a direct visualization of the thrust effects on the relative motion geometry, offering new possibilities for analytical guidance in the presence of continuous thrust engines, such as low thrust engines on nano-spacecraft. The paper presents the analytical solutions, and tests their effectiveness using a sample guidance thrust profile based on input-shaping, previously developed by one of the authors using classical Cartesian coordinates. The use of Relative Orbit Elements shows substantial benefits and added simplicity with respect to Cartesian-based approaches. C1 [Bevilacqua, Riccardo] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lovell, Thomas Alan] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bevilr@rpi.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 1979 EP 1996 PN I-IV PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700115 ER PT S AU Stringer, MT Newman, B Lovell, TA Omran, A AF Stringer, Mary T. Newman, Brett Lovell, T. Alan Omran, Ashraf BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR INITIAL VALUE SOLUTION FOR RELATIVE MOTION USING VOLTERRA THEORY SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID STATE TRANSITION MATRIX; FORMATION FLIGHT; ORBITAL MOTION; CIRCULAR ORBIT; PERTURBATIONS; EQUATIONS; GUIDANCE; MODEL AB Application of Volterra multi-dimensional convolution theory to the nonlinear J(2) perturbed circular relative motion initial value problem is considered in this paper. A complete analytic second order solution for the three-dimensional time dependent relative motion positions in the unperturbed case is generated, and the framework for the perturbed case is documented. Deputy closed-form response expressions are in terms of linear, quadratic, and bilinear combinations of the initial conditions and the chief orbital elements. The ClohessyWiltshire linear solution is found to be embedded within the broader nonlinear solution, and the additional nonlinear terms are used to examine and reveal characteristics of the nonlinear relative motion, including amplification, attenuation, and/or reversal of the in-track drift rate. The strengths between various excitation sources including initial positions vs. rates, radial vs. in-track vs. cross-track sources, and linear vs. nonlinear mechanisms are explicit in the formulation. One case is highlighted where the linear propagation and new solution predict opposite intrack drift directions. For the investigated example, accuracy of the second order solution improves significantly on that for the linear solution. C1 [Stringer, Mary T.; Newman, Brett] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1300, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Omran, Ashraf] CNH Fiat Ind, Syst Modeling, Burr Ridge, IL 60559 USA. RP Stringer, MT (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1300, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2133 EP 2149 PN I-IV PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700123 ER PT S AU Newman, B Lovell, TA AF Newman, Brett Lovell, T. Alan BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE SOLUTION FOR RELATIVE MOTION USING VOLTERRA THEORY SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID GUIDANCE; ORBIT; EQUATIONS AB Application of Volterra multi-dimensional convolution theory to the nonlinear unperturbed circular relative motion boundary value problem is considered in this paper. A solution for the initial three-dimensional relative velocity that executes a transfer between specified three-dimensional initial and fmal relative positions in a specified time period is investigated. A previously generated analytic second order solution for the time dependent relative motion deputy positions in terms of linear, quadratic, and bilinear combinations of the initial conditions and the chief orbital elements is used as the basis for the solution. This framework converts the differential boundary value problem to an algebraic one. The resulting nonlinear equations are examined analytically and numerically in various ways to reveal solution characteristics for several cases. Governing relations are analytically structured in a triple variable, double variable, or single variable formulation. Solution multiplicity and visualization using these optional formulations are discussed. The Clohessy-Wiltshire linear boundary value solution is found to be embedded within the broader nonlinear solution. A family of transfer trajectories parameterized by the transfer time are analyzed numerically, and high sensitivity is discovered near the orbital half-period. For the investigated cases, accuracy of the second order solution improves significantly on that for the linear solution. C1 [Newman, Brett] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Newman, B (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2151 EP 2172 PN I-IV PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700124 ER PT S AU Johnson, SC Lacy, SL Fitz-Coy, NG AF Johnson, Shawn C. Lacy, Seth L. Fitz-Coy, Norman G. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI GREEDY TASKING FOR SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE RESOURCE SHARING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB A greedy tasking approach to attitude resource sharing in fractionated spacecraft architectures is presented. One spacecraft possesses the capability to determine its inertial attitude and its relative attitude with respect to a network of receiving spacecraft. The receiving spacecraft require inertial attitude knowledge, but lack on-board attitude sensors. The resulting optimal tasking problem lacks separation in estimation and control, which motivates the greedy tasking approach. Covariance matrix norms and differential entropy are used as metrics for greedy tasking and are compared with a baseline Round-robin tasking. Simulations demonstrate the methods improvement in network-level attitude pointing accuracy over the baseline. C1 [Johnson, Shawn C.; Fitz-Coy, Norman G.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lacy, Seth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Johnson, SC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2445 EP 2460 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700140 ER PT S AU Zanetti, R Ainscough, T Christian, J Spanos, PD AF Zanetti, Renato Ainscough, Thomas Christian, John Spanos, Pol D. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI Q-METHOD EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID ATTITUDE-DETERMINATION; SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE; VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; QUATERNION ESTIMATION; ALGORITHM; REQUEST; QUEST AB A new algorithm is proposed that smoothly integrates the non-linear estimation of the attitude quaternion using Davenport's q-method and the estimation of nonattitude states through an extended Kalman filter. The new algorithm is compared to an existing similar one and the various similarities and differences are discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is confirmed by pertinent numerical simulations. C1 [Ainscough, Thomas] Rice Univ, US Air Force, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ainscough, Thomas] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Christian, John] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, GNC Autonomous Flight Syst Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Spanos, Pol D.] Rice Univ, Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rzanetti@draper.com; tainscough@draper.com; spanos@rice.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2461 EP 2476 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700141 ER PT S AU Wetterer, CJ Linares, R Crassidis, J Kelecy, T Ziebart, M Jah, M Cefola, P AF Wetterer, Charles J. Linares, Richard Crassidis, John Kelecy, Tom Ziebart, Marek Jah, Moriba Cefola, Paul BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI REFINING SPACE OBJECT RADIATION PRESSURE MODELING WITH BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID ORBIT DETERMINATION; SPHERE AB High fidelity orbit propagation requires detailed knowledge of the solar radiation pressure (SRP) on a space object. The SRP depends not only on the space object's shape and attitude, but also on the absorption and reflectance properties of each surface on the object. These properties are typically modeled in a simplistic fashion, but are here described by a surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Several analytic BRDF models exist, and are typically complicated functions of illumination angle and material properties represented by parameters within the model. In general, the resulting calculation of the SRP would require a time consuming numerical integration. This might be impractical if multiple SRP calculations are required for a variety of material properties in real time, for example, in a filter where the particular surface parameters are being estimated. This paper develops a method to make accurate and precise SRP calculations quickly for some commonly used analytic BRDFs. Additionally, other non-gravitational radiation pressures exist including Earth albedo/Earth infrared radiation pressure, and thermal radiation pressure from the space object itself and are influenced by the specific BRDF. A description of these various radiation pressures and a comparison of the magnitude of the resulting accelerations at various orbital heights and the degree to which they affect the space object's orbit are also presented. Significantly, this study suggests that for space debris whose interactions with electro-magnetic radiation are described accurately with a BRDF, then hitherto unknown torques would account for rotational characteristics affecting both tracking signatures and the ability to predict the orbital evolution of the objects. C1 [Wetterer, Charles J.] Pacific Def Solut LLC, 1300 N Holopono St Suite116, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Linares, Richard; Crassidis, John; Cefola, Paul] Univ Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Kelecy, Tom] Ctr Tech, Dept 5555, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Ziebart, Marek] UCL, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Space Geodesy, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Jah, Moriba] Air Force Res Lab, GN&C Grp, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), Pacific Def Solut LLC, 1300 N Holopono St Suite116, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2699 EP 2717 PN I-IV PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700154 ER PT S AU Jasper, LEZ Anthony, WM Lovell, TA Newman, B AF Jasper, Lee E. Z. Anthony, William M. Lovell, T. Alan Newman, Brett BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI APPLICATION OF RELATIVE SATELLITE MOTION DYNAMICS TO LAMBERT'S PROBLEM SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc AB In this paper, the well-known Lambert problem, which has no known closed-form solution for inertial dynamics, is investigated as a rendezvous problem, whereby a deputy is to rendezvous with a fictitious chief. Solutions to the problem are presented using a method based on the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire model, a well-known linear solution for relative motion, as well as a method based on a recently derived closed-form relative motion solution with second-order fidelity. The accuracy of both guidance schemes is then compared to the "true" two-body solution for various orbital scenarios. C1 [Jasper, Lee E. Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anthony, William M.] New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Newman, Brett] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Jasper, LEZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 2997 EP 3012 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700172 ER PT S AU Darling, J LeGrand, K Pernicka, HJ Lovell, TA Mahajan, B AF Darling, Jacob LeGrand, Keith Pernicka, Henry J. Lovell, T. Alan Mahajan, Bharat BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI CLOSE PROXIMITY SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS USING STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc AB The relative guidance, navigation, and control of a pair of spacecraft using real-time data from a stereoscopic imaging sensor are investigated. Because line-of-sight measurements from a single imager are typically insufficient for system observability, a second imager with a known baseline vector to the first imager is included to achieve system observability with the addition of relative range measurements. The stereoscopic imaging system as modeled provides measurements capable of achieving a complete navigation solution. An SDRE controller is used to provide closed-loop control to maintain a desired relative orbit. An Unscented Kalman Filter is used to estimate the chief spacecraft's inertial states using GPS measurements and the deputy spacecraft's inertial states with stereoscopic imaging relative position measurements. Relative Orbital Elements are implemented to model separation between the spacecraft. C1 [Darling, Jacob; LeGrand, Keith; Pernicka, Henry J.; Mahajan, Bharat] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Darling, J (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 3333 EP 3352 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700191 ER PT S AU Hussein, II Erwin, RS Jah, MK AF Hussein, I. I. Erwin, R. S. Jah, M. K. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI AN AEGIS-FISST SENSOR MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR JOINT DETECTION AND TRACKING IN SSA SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID FILTER AB In Space Situational Awareness (SSA) not only is it desired to maintain the two line elements of objects that have already been detected, but it is also desired to maintain the catalogue by updating it whenever new objects are detected for the first time. Hence, one of the main goals of SSA is to search for and detect new objects. The main challenge to achieving this goal is the fact that the sensor resources available in the SSA system are very limited compared to the very large size of the search space and number of objects. This search and detection task needs to be performed using sensors that are often the same ones used for maintaining the tracks of detected objects. These two tasks (search and detection on one hand and tracking on the other) are two tasks that compete for the same sensor resources. Our goal is to develop information-based metrics for sensor allocation for the joint detection and tracking problem. Conventional information-based approaches to the sensor allocation problem are mostly dedicated to the problem of sensor allocation for multi-object tracking (without detection). Finite Set Statistics (FISST) is an inference approach that allows for solving the detection and tracking problems jointly. It also allows for formulating information metrics that can be used to optimize between the search/detection task and the tracking task. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of FISST-based information gain metrics for sensor allocation using a simple single-object SSA detection and tracking problem. Future work will focus on generalizing this present result to sensor allocation for multi-object detection and tracking. C1 [Hussein, I. I.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Erwin, R. S.; Jah, M. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hussein, II (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 3583 EP 3598 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700204 ER PT S AU Hussein, II Fruh, C Erwin, RS Jah, MK AF Hussein, I. I. Fruh, C. Erwin, R. S. Jah, M. K. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI AN AEGIS-FISST ALGORITHM FOR JOINT DETECTION, CLASSIFICATION AND TRACKING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID IMAGE AB Space Situational Awareness requires the acquisition, cataloging, retrieval and predictive use of a large amount of data pertaining to the existence, character, and orbital state of all objects in Earth orbit. About five hundred thousand objects one centimeter in size or larger populate the space around earth, which increases the need for new methods and techniques that can contribute to the core tasks of SSA: discovery of new objects, tracking of (possibly maneuverable) detected objects, and classification of tracked objects. A key feature of the SSA problem is the fact that these tasks are interdependent. This interdependence between hybrid continuous and discrete estimation variables makes the joint detection, classification and tracking inference problem (JDCT) coupled. One method that takes into account such interdependencies is the Finite Set Statistical (FISST) hybrid multi-target estimation approach and its derivative methods. In this paper we derive the multi-target multi-class FISST (MTMC FISST) filter as well as a Gaussian mixture-based closed-form approximation to the filter, resulting in the MTMC AEGIS-FISST filter. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the main result using a simple single-object, dual-class SSA problem. C1 [Hussein, I. I.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fruh, C.; Erwin, R. S.; Jah, M. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hussein, II (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 3599 EP 3614 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700205 ER PT S AU Fruh, C Jah, MK AF Fruh, Carolin Jah, Moriba K. BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI ATTITUDE AND ORBIT PROPAGATION OF HIGH AREA-TO-MASS RATIO (HAMR) OBJECTS USING A SEMI-COUPLED APPROACH SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID SPACE DEBRIS AB In this paper a new approach is presented to propagate the attitude and orbital motion of objects with high area-to-mass ratios (HAMR) in near geostationary orbit in a semi-coupled approach. To ease the computational burden and allow real time applications, orbit and attitude motion are not propagated as fully coupled system, but only initialized as fully coupled and then decoupled and propagated independently, using the values derived in the initialization step as a priori values. Entropy serves as a double metric and the system is triggered to re-coupled again for a single epoch, as soon as the a priori attitude and integrated attitude or a priori orbit motion and integrated attitude motion deviate significantly. In a second approach Kullback-Leibler divergence is used as a trigger. Both the entropy and the Kullback-Leibler divergence based method is compared to the fully coupled integration solution. C1 [Fruh, Carolin; Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fruh, Carolin] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fruh, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cfrueh@unm.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 3801 EP 3812 PN I-IV PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700217 ER PT S AU Sherrill, RE Sinclair, AJ Sinha, SC Lovell, TA AF Sherrill, Ryan E. Sinclair, Andrew J. Sinha, S. C. Lovell, T. Alan BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI LYAPUNOV-FLOQUET TRANSFORMATION OF SATELLITE RELATIVE MOTION IN ELLIPTIC ORBITS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc AB The relative motion between chief and deputy satellites in close proximity with orbits of arbitrary eccentricity can be described by linearized time-periodic equations of motion. The linear time-invariant Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations are typically derived from these equations by assuming the chief satellite is in a circular orbit. Three different transformations are here presented which relate the linearized time-varying equations of relative motion to the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations through coordinate transformations. These transformations allow the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations to describe the relative motion for a chief orbit of any eccentricity. C1 [Sherrill, Ryan E.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sinha, S. C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sherrill, RE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 4051 EP 4069 PN I-IV PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700232 ER PT S AU Sinclair, AJ Sherrill, RE Lovell, TA AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Sherrill, Ryan E. Lovell, T. Alan BE Tanygin, S Park, RS Starchville, TF Newman, LK TI CALIBRATION OF LINEARIZED SOLUTIONS FOR SATELLITE RELATIVE MOTION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2013, PTS I-IV SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 10-14, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm, Anal Graph Inc ID NONLINEARITY; DYNAMICS; ORBIT AB The motion of a deputy satellite relative to a chief satellite can be described with either Cartesian coordinates or orbital-element differences. For close proximity, both descriptions can be linearized. An underappreciated fact is that the linearized descriptions are equivalent: the linearized transformation between the two solves the linearized dynamics. This suggests a calibrated initial condition for linearized Cartesian propagation that is related to the orbital-element differences by the linearized transformation. This calibration greatly increases the domain of validity of the linearized approximation, and provides far greater accuracy in matching the nonlinear solution over a larger range of separations. C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.; Sherrill, Ryan E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-597-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2013 VL 148 BP 4071 EP 4086 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9KW UT WOS:000377723700233 ER PT J AU Webber, BJ Seguin, PG Burnett, DG Clark, LL Otto, JL AF Webber, Bryant J. Seguin, Peter G. Burnett, Daniel G. Clark, Leslie L. Otto, Jean L. TI Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Autopsy-Determined Atherosclerosis Among US Service Members, 2001-2011 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DISEASE; MORTALITY; YOUNG; ASSOCIATIONS; SOLDIERS; TRENDS; ADULTS AB Context Autopsies of US service members killed in the Korean and Vietnam wars demonstrated that atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries can appear early in the second and third decades of life, long before ischemic heart disease becomes clinically apparent. Objective To estimate the current prevalence of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in the US armed forces. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of all US service members who died of combat or unintentional injuries in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn between October 2001 and August 2011 and whose cardiovascular autopsy reports were available at the time of data collection in January 2012. Prevalence of atherosclerosis was analyzed by various demographic characteristics and medical history. Classifications of coronary atherosclerosis severity were determined prior to data analysis and designed to provide consistency with previous military studies: minimal (fatty streaking only), moderate (10%-49% luminal narrowing of >= 1 vessel), and severe (>= 50% narrowing >= 1 of vessel). Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in the US armed forces and by age, sex, self-reported race/ethnicity, education, occupation, service branch and component, military rank, body mass index at military entrance, and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors. Results Of the 3832 service members included in the analysis, the mean age was 25.9 years (range, 18-59 years) and 98.3% were male. The prevalence of any coronary atherosclerosis was 8.5% (95% Cl, 7.6%-9.4%); severe coronary atherosclerosis was present in 2.3% (95% Cl, 1.8%-2.7%), moderate in 4.7% (95% CI,4.0%-5.3%), and minimal in 1.5% (95% Cl, 1.1%-1.9%). Service members with atherosclerosis were significantly older (mean [SD] age, 30.5 [8.1] years) than those without (mean [SD] age, 25.3 [5.6] years; P<.001). Comparing atherosclerosis prevalence among with those with no cardiovascular risk factor diagnoses (11.1% [95% Cl, 10.1%-12.1%]), there was a greater prevalence among those with a diagnosis of dyslipidemia (50.0% [95% Cl, 30.3%-69.7%]; age-adjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 2.09 [95% Cl, 1.43-3.06]), hypertension (43.6% [95% Cl, 27.3%-59.9%]; age-adjusted PR, 1.88 [95% Cl, 1.34-2.65]), or obesity (22.3% [95% Cl, 15.9%-28.7%]; age-adjusted PR, 1.47 [95% Cl, 1.10-1.96]), but smoking (14.1% [95% Cl, 8.0%-20.2%]) was not significantly associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis (age-adjusted PR, 1.12 [95% Cl, 0.73-1.74]). Conclusion Among deployed US service members who died of combat or unintentional injuries and received autopsies, the prevalence of atherosclerosis varied by age and cardiovascular risk factors. JAMA. 2012;308(24):2577-2583 www.jama.com C1 [Webber, Bryant J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, PMB, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Seguin, Peter G.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Dover AFB, DE USA. [Clark, Leslie L.; Otto, Jean L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Otto, Jean L.] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Webber, BJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, PMB, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Room A1040A, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM bryant.webber@usuhs.edu FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS); Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (AFMES); Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) FX This study was supported by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (AFMES), and Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC). NR 43 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 308 IS 24 BP 2577 EP 2583 DI 10.1001/jama.2012.70830 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 062JR UT WOS:000312916600023 PM 23268516 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Davis, MC Ford, MD Reams, JT Groshens, TJ Baldwin, LC Lubin, LM Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Davis, Matthew C. Ford, Michael D. Reams, Josiah T. Groshens, Thomas J. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Lubin, Lisa M. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Polycyanurate Networks with Enhanced Segmental Flexibility and Outstanding Thermochemical Stability SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DICYANATE ESTER MONOMER; CYANATE ESTER; CURE KINETICS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TRICYANATE ESTER; THERMOSET CURE; RESINS; LIQUID; 1,3,5-TRIAROYLBENZENES; DEGRADATION AB The synthesis and physical properties of cyanurate networks formed from two new tricyanate monomers, 1,3,5-tris[(4-cyanatophenylmethyl]benzene and 3,5-bis[(4-cyanatophenylmethyl)]phenylcyanate, are reported and compared to those of 1,1,1-tris[(4-cyanatophenyl)]ethane (also known as ESR-255). All three networks possessed somewhat different aromatic contents and cross-link densities; however, the thermochemical stability of these networks, as determined by TGA, was outstanding, with that of 1,3,5-tris[(4-cyanatophenylmethyl)]benzene being among the best known for organic cyanate esters despite its comparatively high segmental flexibility. Moreover, the moisture uptake of cured 1,3,5-tris[(4-cyanatophenylmethyl)]benzene, at 2.2% after 96 h immersed in 85 degrees C water, was comparatively low for a cyanate ester network with a glass transition temperature of 320 degrees C at full cure. When cured for 24 h at 210 degrees C, the dry glass transition temperatures of the networks ranged from 245 to 285 degrees C, while the wet glass transition temperatures ranged from 225 to 240 degrees C. The similarity in glass transition temperatures resulted from a lower extent of cure in the networks with more rigid segments. In essence, for networks with very high glass transition temperatures at full cure, the process conditions, rather than the rigidity of the network, determined the attainable glass transition temperature. Because networks with a higher extent of cure tend to exhibit slower long-term degradation, in this case, the networks with greater segment flexibility enabled superior performance despite exhibiting a lower glass transition temperature at full cure. These results illustrate that, in contrast to the prevailing heuristics for improving the performance of high-temperature thermosetting polymer networks, a more flexible network with a lower glass transition temperature at full cure can offer an optimal combination of thermomechanical and thermochemical performance. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Davis, Matthew C.; Ford, Michael D.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.] USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Lubin, Lisa M.] ERC Inc, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX The support of the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (J.T.R.) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dr. Suresh Sun of AFRL for helpful advice on the flash chromatography of monomer 1. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 25 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 24 BP 9707 EP 9718 DI 10.1021/ma302300g PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 057LD UT WOS:000312563900017 ER PT J AU Jenniskens, P Fries, MD Yin, QZ Zolensky, M Krot, AN Sandford, SA Sears, D Beauford, R Ebel, DS Friedrich, JM Nagashima, K Wimpenny, J Yamakawa, A Nishiizumi, K Hamajima, Y Caffee, MW Welten, KC Laubenstein, M Davis, AM Simon, SB Heck, PR Young, ED Kohl, IE Thiemens, MH Nunn, MH Mikouchi, T Hagiya, K Ohsumi, K Cahill, TA Lawton, JA Barnes, D Steele, A Rochette, P Verosub, KL Gattacceca, J Cooper, G Glavin, DP Burton, AS Dworkin, JP Elsila, JE Pizzarello, S Ogliore, R Schmitt-Kopplin, P Harir, M Hertkorn, N Verchovsky, A Grady, M Nagao, K Okazaki, R Takechi, H Hiroi, T Smith, K Silber, EA Brown, PG Albers, J Klotz, D Hankey, M Matson, R Fries, JA Walker, RJ Puchtel, I Lee, CTA Erdman, ME Eppich, GR Roeske, S Gabelica, Z Lerche, M Nuevo, M Girten, B Worden, SP AF Jenniskens, Peter Fries, Marc D. Yin, Qing-Zhu Zolensky, Michael Krot, Alexander N. Sandford, Scott A. Sears, Derek Beauford, Robert Ebel, Denton S. Friedrich, Jon M. Nagashima, Kazuhide Wimpenny, Josh Yamakawa, Akane Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Hamajima, Yasunori Caffee, Marc W. Welten, Kees C. Laubenstein, Matthias Davis, Andrew M. Simon, Steven B. Heck, Philipp R. Young, Edward D. Kohl, Issaku E. Thiemens, Mark H. Nunn, Morgan H. Mikouchi, Takashi Hagiya, Kenji Ohsumi, Kazumasa Cahill, Thomas A. Lawton, Jonathan A. Barnes, David Steele, Andrew Rochette, Pierre Verosub, Kenneth L. Gattacceca, Jerome Cooper, George Glavin, Daniel P. Burton, Aaron S. Dworkin, Jason P. Elsila, Jamie E. Pizzarello, Sandra Ogliore, Ryan Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe Harir, Mourad Hertkorn, Norbert Verchovsky, Alexander Grady, Monica Nagao, Keisuke Okazaki, Ryuji Takechi, Hiroyuki Hiroi, Takahiro Smith, Ken Silber, Elizabeth A. Brown, Peter G. Albers, Jim Klotz, Doug Hankey, Mike Matson, Robert Fries, Jeffrey A. Walker, Richard J. Puchtel, Igor Lee, Cin-Ty A. Erdman, Monica E. Eppich, Gary R. Roeske, Sarah Gabelica, Zelimir Lerche, Michael Nuevo, Michel Girten, Beverly Worden, Simon P. CA Sutter's Mill Meteorite Consortium TI Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; MURCHISON METEORITE; PARENT BODIES; TAGISH LAKE; FALL; METEOROIDS; ORIGIN; ACIDS AB Doppler weather radar imaging enabled the rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite after a rare 4-kiloton of TNT-equivalent asteroid impact over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. The recovered meteorites survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jupiter-family comets (Tisserand's parameter = 2.8 +/- 0.3). Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of CM (Mighei)-type carbonaceous chondrite and highly reduced xenolithic materials. It exhibits considerable diversity of mineralogy, petrography, and isotope and organic chemistry, resulting from a complex formation history of the parent body surface. That diversity is quickly masked by alteration once in the terrestrial environment but will need to be considered when samples returned by missions to C-class asteroids are interpreted. C1 [Jenniskens, Peter; Hamajima, Yasunori; Nuevo, Michel] ISETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Jenniskens, Peter; Sandford, Scott A.; Sears, Derek; Cooper, George; Nuevo, Michel; Girten, Beverly; Worden, Simon P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fries, Marc D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Yin, Qing-Zhu; Wimpenny, Josh; Yamakawa, Akane; Verosub, Kenneth L.; Roeske, Sarah] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zolensky, Michael] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Krot, Alexander N.; Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Krot, Alexander N.; Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Planetol & Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beauford, Robert] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ebel, Denton S.; Friedrich, Jon M.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Friedrich, Jon M.] Fordham Univ, Dept Chem, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Nishiizumi, Kunihiko; Welten, Kees C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hamajima, Yasunori] Kanazawa Univ, Low Level Radioact Lab, Nomi, Ishikawa 9231224, Japan. [Caffee, Marc W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Laubenstein, Matthias] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy. [Davis, Andrew M.; Simon, Steven B.; Heck, Philipp R.] Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Simon, Steven B.; Heck, Philipp R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Heck, Philipp R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Young, Edward D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kohl, Issaku E.; Nunn, Morgan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.; Nunn, Morgan H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mikouchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hagiya, Kenji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. [Ohsumi, Kazumasa] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795189, Japan. [Cahill, Thomas A.; Lawton, Jonathan A.; Barnes, David] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Steele, Andrew] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rochette, Pierre; Gattacceca, Jerome] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Glavin, Daniel P.; Burton, Aaron S.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Elsila, Jamie E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Burton, Aaron S.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pizzarello, Sandra] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe; Harir, Mourad; Hertkorn, Norbert] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Munich, Germany. [Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe] Tech Univ Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Verchovsky, Alexander; Grady, Monica] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Nagao, Keisuke] Univ Tokyo, Geochem Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Okazaki, Ryuji; Takechi, Hiroyuki] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Hiroi, Takahiro] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Smith, Ken] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Silber, Elizabeth A.; Brown, Peter G.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Klotz, Doug] Space Sci Sch, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. [Hankey, Mike] Amer Meteor Soc, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Matson, Robert] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. [Fries, Jeffrey A.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Weather Grp 1, Offutt Af Base, NE 68113 USA. [Walker, Richard J.; Puchtel, Igor] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Cin-Ty A.; Erdman, Monica E.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Eppich, Gary R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gabelica, Zelimir] Univ Haute Alsace, F-68093 Mulhouse, France. [Lerche, Michael] Univ Calif,Davis, McClellan Nucl Res Ctr, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. RP Jenniskens, P (reprint author), ISETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov RI Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Yin, Qing-Zhu/B-8198-2009; Laubenstein, Matthias/C-4851-2013; Steele, Andrew/A-3573-2013; Lee, Cin-Ty/A-5469-2008; Burton, Aaron/H-2212-2011; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe/H-6271-2011; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; HAMAJIMA, Yasunori/L-3802-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016; Elsila, Jamie/C-9952-2012 OI Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Erdman, Monica E./0000-0001-5115-6759; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Eppich, Gary/0000-0003-2176-6673; Yin, Qing-Zhu/0000-0002-4445-5096; Laubenstein, Matthias/0000-0001-5390-4343; Burton, Aaron/0000-0002-7137-1605; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe/0000-0003-0824-2664; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; HAMAJIMA, Yasunori/0000-0002-8485-4606; Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407; FU NASA Cosmochemistry Program; NASA Lunar Science Institute; Near Earth Object Observation Program; Origins of Solar Systems; Planetary Major Equipment; Sample Return Laboratory Instruments; NASA Astrobiology Institute; SPring-8 Grant Program; Post Doctoral Programs; Tawani Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The rapid recovery of SM was made possible by the local communities of Lotus, Coloma, Pilot Hill, and Grass Valley, due in part to the support of property owners, community leaders, SETI Institute and University of Caifornia at Davis (UC Davis) student and volunteer searchers, and officials of the Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park and the State of California. We thank J. Howard, M. Carter, D. E. Macon, and L. Hofland of the NASA Ames Research Center; M. Hill of the American Museum of Natural History; and G. Baxter, N. Botto, D. Rowland, O. Kreylos, L. Kellogg, and D. Summer of UC Davis for assistance with reported measurements. The NASA Ames Research Center-coordinated search efforts were supported by the NASA Lunar Science Institute. E. D. Y., M. Z., A. M. D., D. S. E., J. E. E., K. N., K. C. W., M. H. T., M. W. C., Q.-Z. Y., and S. B. S. acknowledge the NASA Cosmochemistry Program for support of work reported here. In addition, the following NASA programs are sincerely acknowledged: Near Earth Object Observation Program (P. J.), Origins of Solar Systems (S. A. S.), Planetary Major Equipment (Q.-Z. Y.), Sample Return Laboratory Instruments and Data Analysis (M. W. C.), the NASA Astrobiology Institute (J. E. E., J. P. D., and D. P. G.), the SPring-8 Grant Program (M. Z.), and Post Doctoral Programs (A. S. B.). P. R. H. acknowledges support from the Tawani Foundation. R. O. acknowledges KAKENHI grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 47 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 95 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6114 BP 1583 EP 1587 DI 10.1126/science.1227163 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057AE UT WOS:000312533100044 PM 23258889 ER PT J AU Hammack, SD Carter, CD Gord, JR Lee, TH AF Hammack, Stephen D. Carter, Campbell D. Gord, James R. Lee, Tonghun TI Nitric-oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence at 10 kHz in a seeded flow, a plasma discharge, and a flame SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; VELOCITY-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; TIME-SERIES MEASUREMENTS; TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; HIGH-SPEED FLOW; REPETITION-RATE; TURBULENT FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAME; PREMIXED FLAME; NO PRODUCTION AB This study demonstrates high-repetition-rate planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of both cold (similar to 300 K) and hot (similar to 2400 K) nitric oxide (NO) at a framing rate of 10 kHz. The laser system is composed of a frequency-doubled dye laser pumped by the third harmonic of a 10 kHz Nd:YAG laser to generate continuously pulsed laser radiation at 226 nm for excitation of NO. The laser-induced fluorescence signal is detected using a high-frame rate, intensified CMOS camera, yielding a continuous cinematographic propagation of the NO plume where data acquisition duration is limited only by camera memory. The pulse energy of the beam is similar to 20 mu J with a spectral width similar to 0.15 cm(-1), though energies as high as 40 mu J were generated. Hot NO is generated by passing air through a DC transient-arc plasma torch that dissociates air. The plasma torch is also used to ignite and sustain a CH4/air premixed flame. Cold NO is imaged from a 1% NO flow (buffered by nitrogen). The estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the cold seeded flow and air plasma exceeds 50 with expected NO concentrations of 6000-8000 parts per million (ppm, volume basis). Images show distinct, high-contrast boundaries. The plasma-assisted flame images have an SNR of less than 10 for concentrations reaching 1000 ppm. For many combustion applications, the pulse energy is insufficient for PLIF measurements. However, the equipment and strategies herein could be applied to high-frequency line imaging of NO at concentrations of 10-100 ppm. Generation of 226 nm radiation was also performed using sum-frequency mixing of the 532 nm pumped dye laser and 355 nm Nd: YAG third harmonic but was limited in energy to 14 mu J. Frequency tripling a 532 nm pumped dye laser produced 226 nm radiation at energies comparable to the 355 nm pumping scheme. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Hammack, Stephen D.; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, TH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tonghun@msu.edu RI Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556, FA9550-11-1-0342]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0802267] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant Nos. FA9550-09-1-0282 and FA9550-10-1-0556) with Dr. Chiping Li as the technical monitor, and from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-0802267). The laser and detection system used here was partly funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-11-1-0342). We our also grateful for the exceptional design and development efforts by Edge-Wave GmbH on the Innoslab third-harmonic module, and by Sirah on their CREDO dye laser. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 36 BP 8817 EP 8824 DI 10.1364/AO.51.008817 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 060MZ UT WOS:000312783700035 PM 23262621 ER PT J AU Miller, HC AF Miller, Harold C. TI A laser beam quality definition based on induced temperature rise SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Laser beam quality metrics like M-2 can be used to describe the spot sizes and propagation behavior of a wide variety of non-ideal laser beams. However, for beams that have been diffracted by limiting apertures in the near-field, or those with unusual near-field profiles, the conventional metrics can lead to an inconsistent or incomplete description of far-field performance. This paper motivates an alternative laser beam quality definition that can be used with any beam. The approach uses a consideration of the intrinsic ability of a laser beam profile to heat a material. Comparisons are made with conventional beam quality metrics. An analysis on an asymmetric Gaussian beam is used to establish a connection with the invariant beam propagation ratio. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Miller, HC (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdla.org.mbx@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 17 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 27 BP 28819 EP 28828 DI 10.1364/OE.20.028819 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089LG UT WOS:000314911400092 PM 23263122 ER PT J AU Cowan, VM Morath, CP Hubbs, JE Myers, S Plis, E Krishna, S AF Cowan, V. M. Morath, C. P. Hubbs, J. E. Myers, S. Plis, E. Krishna, S. TI Radiation tolerance characterization of dual band InAs/GaSb type-II strain-layer superlattice pBp detectors using 63 MeV protons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DETECTORS AB The radiation tolerance characterization of dual band InAs/GaSb type-II strain-layer superlattice pBp detectors of varying size using 63 MeV proton irradiation is presented. The detectors' mid-wave infrared performance degraded with increasing proton fluence Phi(P) up to 3.75 x 10(12) cm(-2) or, equivalently, a total ionizing dose 500 kRad (Si). At this Phi(P), an similar to 31% drop in quantum efficiency g, similar to 2 order increase in dark current density J(D), and consequently, >1 order drop in calculated detectivity D* were observed. Proton damage factors were determined for eta and D*. Arrhenius-analysis of temperature-dependent J(D) measurements reflected significant changes in the activation energies following irradiation. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772543] C1 [Cowan, V. M.; Morath, C. P.; Hubbs, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Myers, S.; Plis, E.; Krishna, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0113]; AFRL [FA9453-12-1-0336] FX This work was partially supported by AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0113 and AFRL FA9453-12-1-0336. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 25 AR 251108 DI 10.1063/1.4772543 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 060LR UT WOS:000312780000008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, EE Crawford, P AF Zimmerman, Ethan E. Crawford, Paul TI Cutaneous Cryosurgery SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; HYPERTROPHIC SCARS; MANAGEMENT; CRYOTHERAPY; WARTS; GUIDELINES; KELOIDS; CARE AB Cutaneous cryosurgery refers to localized application of freezing temperatures to achieve destruction of skin lesions. It can be used to treat a broad range of benign and premalignant skin conditions, and certain malignant skin conditions, with high cure rates. Cellular destruction is accomplished by delivery of the cryogen via dipstick, probe, or spray techniques. It is widely used in primary care because of its safety, effectiveness, low cost, ease of use, good cosmetic results, and lack of need for anesthesia. Cryosurgery is as effective as alternative therapies for most cases of molluscum contagiosum, dermatofibromas, keloids, and plantar or genital warts. It is a more effective cure for common warts than salicylic acid or observation. Cryosurgery is generally the treatment of choice for actinic keratosis. Contraindications to cryosurgery include cryofibrinogenemia, cryoglobulinemia, Raynaud disease, agammaglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma. Complications from cryosurgery include hypopigmentation and alopecia, and can be avoided by limiting freeze times to less than 30 seconds. Referral to a dermatologist should be considered in cases of diagnostic uncertainty or for treatment of skin cancer, which requires larger amounts of tissue destruction, resulting in higher complication rates. (Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(12):1118-1124. Copyright (c) 2012 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Zimmerman, Ethan E.; Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Zimmerman, EE (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd N, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM ethan.zimmerman@nellis.af.mil NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1118 EP 1124 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 054QH UT WOS:000312357800003 PM 23316984 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Lai, WW Irvin, DJ Yandek, GR Irvin, JA AF Stenger-Smith, John D. Lai, William W. Irvin, David J. Yandek, Gregory R. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI Electroactive polymer-based electrochemical capacitors using poly(benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline) and its pyridine derivative poly(4-aza-benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline) as cathode materials with ionic liquid electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Electrochemical capacitor; Poly(4-aza-benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline); Ionic liquid; Energy density ID LADDER POLYMER; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; P-TYPE AB A novel processing technique was used to solution cast films of poly(benzimidazo benzophenanthroline), (BBL), and the novel ladder polymer poly(4-aza-benzimidazo benzophenanthroline) (Py-BBL), which were used as cathode materials in Type IV electroactive polymer-based electrochemical capacitors (EPECs). This new processing technique involves co-casting the polymer from solution with a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIBTI). The new processing technique gave polymer films with superior transport properties and electrochemical stabilities, did not require a break-in period, and yielded higher charge capacity than the standard films. Co-cast films of BBL and Py-BBL were each incorporated into separate Type IV EPECs using poly(3,4-propylene dioxythiophene) (PProDOT) as the anode material. It was found that the PProDOT/BBL capacitors store, on average, about 50% more energy than a comparable PProDOT/Py-BBL EPEC. While PProDOT/BBL films have an energy density advantage at rates (power densities) less than 0.01 kW kg(-1), PProDOT/Py-BBL EPECs are capable of delivering higher energy than the BBL EPECs at rates greater than 0.01 kW kg(-1) (550 s per cycle). In fact, PProDOT/Py-BBL devices delivered more than ten times the energy density of PProDOT/BBL devices at 0.5 kW kg(-1) (50 s per cycle). The PProDOT/Py-BBL EPECs were cycled for 10,000 cycles at 65% depth of discharge and maintained 96% of the initial energy and power density, whereas the PProDOT/BBL EPECs were cycled under the same conditions and lost more than 35% of the initial energy and power density after only 2300 cycles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Lai, William W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Lai, William W.] NAWCWD, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, David J.] Syst & Mat Res Corp, Austin, TX 78756 USA. [Yandek, Gregory R.] USAF, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Prop Directorate AFRL RZSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Stenger-Smith, JD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM John.Stenger-Smith@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 FU Office of Naval Research; China Lake ILIR Program FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research (Drs. M. Anderson and P. Armistead) and the China Lake ILIR Program for the financial support of this project. The authors also thank the reviewers of our original manuscript for their suggestions and Paul Goodman for editing the revised manuscript. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 220 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.068 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 022UW UT WOS:000309990300034 ER PT J AU Kar, T Scheiner, S Roy, AK Bettinger, HF AF Kar, Tapas Scheiner, Steve Roy, Ajit K. Bettinger, Holger F. TI Unusual Low-Vibrational C=O Mode of COOH Can Distinguish between Carboxylated Zigzag and Armchair Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL FORCE-FIELDS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; CHEMISTRY; DENSITY; OXIDATION; SOLUBILITY; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SENSORS; OZONE AB Vibrational frequency analysis using density functional theory resolves some ambiguities in interpretation of IR spectra of carboxylated single-wall carbon nanotubes (o-SWNTs). Armchair (n,n) and zigzag (m,0) tubes, with diameter varying between 0.5 and 1.4 nm, were populated with different numbers of COOH groups at one terminus. While armchair-COOH tubes exhibit C=O stretching frequencies in the standard range of 1720-1760 cm(-1), zigzag-COOH tubes display a new C=O band around 1650 cm(-1) with much higher intensity, in addition to the higher-frequency C=O mode. The COOH groups exhibiting this low-frequency (lf-COOH) are displaced well off the lines of the tube walls, to the outside. This new band is in the same range as one observed experimentally, which has on occasion been attributed to quinone formation. The C=O bond length in the relevant COOH groups is longer by about 0.01 angstrom than regular C=O bonds. Such low-frequency C=O band is unusual and not common for any stand-alone COOH group and seems characteristic of carboxylated zigzag tubes irrespective of their diameter and the number of acid groups at the terminus. The lower frequency is not a result of H-bonding, nor can it be reproduced by small models such as benzoic acid or extended carbon networks as in graphene-COOH. Its origin is attributed instead to the curvature of the zigzag tubes in addition to their structural arrangement. C1 [Kar, Tapas; Scheiner, Steve] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bettinger, Holger F.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu OI Bettinger, Holger F./0000-0001-5223-662X FU U.S. DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); NSF [CHE-1026826]; Fonds der chemischen Industrie FX This work was supported by the U.S. DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and NSF (Grant CHE-1026826). H.F.B. thanks the Fonds der chemischen Industrie for financial support. We thank the AFRL/DSRC personnel for their support in using the DoD Supercomputing resources. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 49 BP 26072 EP 26083 DI 10.1021/jp309699z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 052CU UT WOS:000312176100054 ER PT J AU Pendleton, SJ Montello, A Carter, C Lempert, W Gundersen, MA AF Pendleton, S. J. Montello, A. Carter, C. Lempert, W. Gundersen, M. A. TI Vibrational and rotational CARS measurements of nitrogen in afterglow of streamer discharge in atmospheric pressure fuel/air mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT PLASMA IGNITION; ELECTRON COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSTICS; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS AB The use of nonequilibrium plasma generated by nanosecond discharges to ignite fuel/air mixtures, known as transient plasma ignition (TPI), has been shown to effectively reduce ignition delay and improve engine performance relative to spark ignition for combustion engines. While this method is potentially useful for many engine applications, at present the underlying physics are poorly understood. This work uses coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) to measure the rotational and vibrational excitation of nitrogen molecules in the discharge afterglow in a variety of fuel/air mixtures outside the limits of combustion in order to elucidate the thermal behaviour of TPI. The time evolution of relative populations of vibrationally excited states of nitrogen in the electronic ground state are reported for each gas mixture; it is shown that generation of these vibrationally excited states is inefficient during the discharge in air but that generation occurs at a high rate roughly 5 mu s following the discharge; with the addition of fuels vibrationally excited states are observed during the discharge but an increase in population is still seen at 5 mu s. Possible mechanisms for this behaviour are discussed. In addition, rotational temperature increases of at least 500 K are reported for all gas mixtures. The effect of this temperature increase on ignition, reaction rates, and thermal energy pathways are discussed. C1 [Pendleton, S. J.; Gundersen, M. A.] Univ So Calif, Pulsed Power Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Montello, A.; Lempert, W.] Ohio State Univ, Michael A Chaszeyka Nonequilibrium Thermodynam La, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pendleton, SJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Pulsed Power Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM spendlet@usc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Plasma Assisted Combustion MURI); Propulsion Directorate's Summer Research Fellowship Program; Office of Naval Research, NumerEx LLC; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank Igor Adamovich for discussions on chemical kinetics. They would also like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Plasma Assisted Combustion MURI), the Propulsion Directorate's Summer Research Fellowship Program, the Office of Naval Research, NumerEx LLC and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program for support. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 49 AR 495401 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/45/49/495401 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 041VZ UT WOS:000311430900019 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to fluorocarbon radicals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX METHOD; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; IONS; CF2; RECOMBINATION; DYNAMICS AB Thermal electron attachment rate constants for a series of small fluorocarbon radicals (CF2, C2F3, 1-C3F7, 2-C3F7, C3F5, CF3O) were measured from 300 to 600 K using the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry method. With the exception of CF2, for which no attachment was observed, all species exclusively underwent dissociative attachment to yield F-. The magnitude and temperature dependences of the rate constants varied significantly between species; however, attachment was in all cases inefficient, never exceeding 2% of the calculated collisional value. The data are interpreted and extrapolated to conditions inaccessible to the experiment using a kinetic modeling approach to the electron attachment process. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768466] C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shuman, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project AFOSR-2303EP. T. M. M. is under contract (FA8718-10-C-0002) to Boston College. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 21 AR 214318 DI 10.1063/1.4768466 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 053EH UT WOS:000312252900032 PM 23231242 ER PT J AU Ramana, CV Gengler, JJ Jones, JG AF Ramana, C. V. Gengler, Jamie J. Jones, John G. TI Crystal Structure, Phase Analysis, and Thermal Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Gd2O3-HfO2 Coatings SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BARRIER COATINGS; GRAIN-SIZE; HEAT-FLOW; ZIRCONIA; PYROCHLORE; BEHAVIOR; ENGINES AB Gadolinia (Gd2O3) doped hafnia (HfO2) nanocrystalline coatings: were fabricated employing magnetron sputter deposition The coatings were grown onto Si substrates by varying the Gd2O3 composition in the matrix within the range of 0-38 mol % (balanced by HfO2) The crystal, structure, phase, morphology, and thermal conductivity of the Gd2O3-HfO2 nanocrystalline Coatings were evaluated employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) techniques. The combined XRD and SEM studies indicate that the effect of Gd2O3 is remarkable on the microstructure evolution, of nanocrystalline Gd2O3-HfO2 coatings. The grown coatings exhibit stabilized, cubic HfO2 phase as the Gd2O3 content increased from 4 to 12 mol % at which point the lattice expansion is considerably higher The morphology of the Gd2O3-HfO2 coatings is Characterized by the triangular shaped nanograins uniformly distributed on the surface. The thermal conductivity of all the Gd2O3-doped HfO2 samples is lower than pure HfO2, and an inverse relationship between Gd2O3 mol pet-Cent and heat transport was discovered. C1 [Ramana, C. V.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramana, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM rychintalapalle@utep.edu FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FE0000765]; DOE; [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under Award Number DE-FE0000765. The authors at the University of Texas at El Paso acknowledge with pleasure the support from DOE. The thermal conductivity measurement system acquisition and operation at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported under Contract No. FA8650-07-D-5800. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 48 BP 25178 EP 25183 DI 10.1021/jp301008t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 048ON UT WOS:000311921900002 ER PT J AU Kar, T Scheiner, S Roy, AK AF Kar, Tapas Scheiner, Steve Roy, Ajit K. TI Reliability of Approximate Methods to Study Tip-Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; VIBRATIONAL ABSORPTION; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FORCE-FIELDS; EXCHANGE; STACKING; DFT; PURIFICATION AB Calculations of the full structure and spectra of large nanotubes can be very demanding of computer resources. The advantages and limitations of the cost-effective same level different basis (SLDB) and selected normal modes (SNM) protocols are elucidated for carboxylated (4,4) armchair and (8,0) zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with varying numbers of COOH groups on the tips of the tubes. While armchair-COOH tubes exhibit C=O stretching frequencies in the standard range of 1720-1760 cm(-1), zigzag-COOH tubes display a surprising C=O band around 1660 cm(-1) with much higher intensity, in addition to the higher-frequency C=O mode. This low-frequency C=O peak is very unusual for a standalone COOH group and is a fingerprint of zigzag tubes. C1 [Kar, Tapas; Scheiner, Steve] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu FU US DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); NSF [CHE-1026826] FX This work was supported by the US DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and NSF (Grant CHE-1026826). We thank the AFRL/DSRC personnel for their support in using the AFRL, DoD Supercomputing resources. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 6 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 48 BP 25401 EP 25406 DI 10.1021/jp3089947 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 048ON UT WOS:000311921900029 ER PT J AU Steward, BJ Bauer, KW Perram, GP AF Steward, Bryan J. Bauer, Kenneth W. Perram, Glen P. TI Remote discrimination of large-caliber gun firing signatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE classification; high-speed imagery; infrared spectra; gun firing; discriminant analysis ID SATELLITE DATA; MUZZLE BLAST AB To investigate discrimination of firing signatures in the battlespace, blast, and flash signatures were collected from two large-caliber guns. Signatures included blast wave trajectories from high-speed (1600 Hz) imagery, visible and near-infrared (450 to 850 nm) spectra, and mid-wave infrared (1800 to 6000 cm(-1)) spectra. Thirty empirical and 12 phenomenological features were extracted from the signatures over 25 observations. Multiple discriminant analysis was used for feature selection and dimensionality reduction, and discrimination was based on Bayesian probability theory. When discriminating between three munitions configurations fired from a 152 mm howitzer, leave-one-out testing with the empirical features demonstrated classification accuracies of 92% to 96%. Phenomenological features (for example, blast energy, combustion and excitation temperatures, and species concentrations) accurately classified munitions less consistently (72% to 96%). The two most salient features for differentiating between two weapons (a single 120 mm tank firing and all 152 mm howitzer firings) were soot emissivity and H2O concentration. Empirical features consistently discriminated the weapons best when more than two features were used. Moderate to strong correlations (r(2) = 0.5 to 1.0) were observed amongst blast, visible, and infrared features. A limited examination indicated that strongly correlated features may be substituted for one another. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063607] C1 [Steward, Bryan J.; Bauer, Kenneth W.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steward, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bryan.steward@wpafb.af.mil OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063607 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063607 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 094JB UT WOS:000315257700001 ER PT J AU Hu, MQ Wu, T Weir, JD AF Hu, Mengqi Wu, Teresa Weir, Jeffery D. TI An intelligent augmentation of particle swarm optimization with multiple adaptive methods SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Particle swarm optimization; Adaptive multi-method; Sub-gradient; Non-uniform mutation; Cauchy mutation ID MULTIMODAL FUNCTIONS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB Over the last two decades, the newly developed optimization technique - Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has attracted great attention. Two common criticisms exist. First, most existing PSOs are designed for a specific search space thus an algorithm performing well on a diverse set of problems is lacking. Secondly, PSO suffers premature convergence. To address the first issue, we propose to augment PSO via the fusion of multiple search methods. An intelligent selection mechanism is developed based on an effectiveness index to trigger appropriate search methods. In this research, two search techniques are studied: a non-uniform mutation-based method and an adaptive sub-gradient method. We further improve the proposed PSO using adaptive Cauchy mutation to prevent premature convergence. As a result, an augmented PSO with multiple adaptive methods (PSO-MAM) is proposed. The performance of PSO-MAM is tested on 43 functions (uni-modal, multi-modal, non-separable, shifted, rotated, noisy and mis-scaled functions). The results are compared in terms of solution quality and convergence speed with 10 published PSO methods. The experimental results demonstrate PSO-MAM outperforms the comparison algorithms on 36 out of 43 functions. We conclude, while promising, there is still room for improving PSO-MAM on complex multi-modal functions (e.g., rotated multi-modal functions). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Mengqi; Wu, Teresa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weir, Jeffery D.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, MQ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mengqi.hu@asu.edu RI Hu, Mengqi/A-2900-2013 OI Hu, Mengqi/0000-0002-8653-1245 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 EI 1872-6291 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 213 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2012.05.020 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 983VV UT WOS:000307147700005 ER PT J AU Marciniak, MA Sellers, SR Lamott, RB Cunningham, BT AF Marciniak, M. A. Sellers, S. R. Lamott, R. B. Cunningham, B. T. TI Bidirectional scatter measurements of a guided-mode resonant filter photonic crystal structure SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL SCATTEROMETRY; GRATINGS AB This work investigates the Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) at incident angles other than normal and at 544-nm wavelength of a Guided Mode Resonance Filter (GMRF) Photonic Crystal (PC) structure designed for normally incident light at 532 nm. Strong out-coupling of PC diffraction orders into both the transmitted and reflected hemispheres was observed specifically at a 25.7 degrees incidence angle, which we attribute to this incident angle/wavelength pair being a good match to the ( +/- 1, 0) PC grating mode. BSDF measurements at incident angles of 15 degrees and 35 degrees also displayed some out-coupled diffraction, though much lower in magnitude, and are also attributed to being a weaker match to the ( +/- 1, 0) PC grating mode. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain Maxwell's equation simulations demonstrate that since this GMRF was designed for complete destructive interference of the transmitted light upon normal incidence, stronger out-coupling of the diffraction is expected for modal solutions as the angle of incidence increases. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Marciniak, M. A.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sellers, S. R.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lamott, R. B.] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Cunningham, B. T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Marciniak, MA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.marciniak@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH FX The research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 3 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 25 BP 27242 EP 27252 DI 10.1364/OE.20.027242 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 087FL UT WOS:000314746600004 PM 23262674 ER PT J AU Veremyev, A Tsyurmasto, P Uryasev, S AF Veremyev, Alexander Tsyurmasto, Peter Uryasev, Stan TI Optimal structuring of collateralized debt obligation contracts: an optimization approach SO JOURNAL OF CREDIT RISK LA English DT Article AB The objective of this paper is to help a bank originator of a collateralized debt obligation (CDO) to build a maximally profitable CDO. We consider an optimization framework for structuring CDOs. The objective is to select attachment/detachment points and underlying instruments in the CDO pool. In addition to "standard" CDOs we study so-called "step-up" CDOs. In a standard CDO contract the attachment/detachment points are constant over the life of a CDO. In a step-up CDO the attachment/detachment points may change over time. We show that step-up CDOs can save about 25-35% of tranche spread payments (ie, profitability of CDOs can be boosted by about 25-35%). Several optimization models are developed from the bank originator perspective. We consider a synthetic CDO where the goal is to minimize payments for the credit risk protection (premium leg), while maintaining a specific credit rating (assuring the credit spread) of each tranche and maintaining the total incoming credit default swap spread payments. The case study is based on the time-to-default scenarios for obligors (instruments) generated by the Standard & Poor's CDO Evaluator. The Portfolio Safeguard package by AORDA was used to optimize the performance of several CDOs based on example data. C1 [Veremyev, Alexander; Tsyurmasto, Peter; Uryasev, Stan] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Risk Management & Financial Engn Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Veremyev, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM averemyev@ufl.edu; tsyurmasto@ufl.edu; uryasev@ufl.edu RI URYASEV, Stan/O-5231-2014 OI URYASEV, Stan/0000-0001-6950-3966 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU INCISIVE MEDIA PI LONDON PA HAYMARKET HOUSE, 28-29 HAYMARKET, LONDON, SW1Y 4RX, ENGLAND SN 1744-6619 J9 J CREDIT RISK JI J. Credit Risk PD WIN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 133 EP 155 PG 23 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 127XA UT WOS:000317731000004 ER PT J AU Jordan, MH Lindsay, DR Schraeder, M AF Jordan, Mark H. Lindsay, Douglas R. Schraeder, Mike TI An Examination of Salient, Non-Monetary, Factors Influencing Performance in Public Sector Organizations: A Conceptual Model SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE; CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT; JOB-PERFORMANCE; CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE; EMPLOYEE CITIZENSHIP; VOLUNTARY TURNOVER; TASK-PERFORMANCE; WORK BEHAVIOR; CONSEQUENCES AB Public sector organizations are experiencing incredible pressures to become more efficient, while simultaneously maintaining a high level of responsiveness to public constituents. These pressures are translated into intense demands placed on public sector employees and their collective performance. The purpose of this article is to examine important perceptions about key organizational phenomena and related employee attitudes in the context of performance in public sector organizations. Specifically, the implications of perceived organizational support (POS) and perceived psychological contract support (PSCS) are explored, leading to the development of a conceptual model which embodies non-task behaviors of organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors, as well as cynicism and embeddedness as salient attitudes that should be considered in conjunction with POS and PSCS as antecedents of job performance in public sector organizations. C1 [Jordan, Mark H.] North Georgia Coll & State Univ, Mike Cottrell Sch Business, Dahlonega, GA 30597 USA. [Lindsay, Douglas R.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Schraeder, Mike] Troy Univ Montgomery, Sorrell Coll Business, Montgomery, AL 36103 USA. RP Jordan, MH (reprint author), North Georgia Coll & State Univ, Mike Cottrell Sch Business, 82 Coll Circle, Dahlonega, GA 30597 USA. EM mhjordan@northgeorgia.edu; douglas.lindsay@usafa.edu; mschraeder@troy.edu NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 29 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 661 EP 684 PG 24 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 117HB UT WOS:000316943100005 ER PT J AU Ryther, CEC Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF Ryther, C. E. C. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. TI The Rate (Time)-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of the PMR-15 Thermoset Polymer at Temperatures in the 274-316 degrees C Range: Experiments and Modeling SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREE-VOLUME THEORY; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; SOLID POLYMERS; STRAIN; OVERSTRESS; TIME; POLYCARBONATE; RELAXATION; STRESS; ROOM AB The inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at temperatures in the 274-316 degrees C range. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on monotonic loading at various temperatures. In addition, the effects of prior strain rate on relaxation response and on creep behavior following strain-controlled loading were examined at temperatures in the range of interest. Positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity is observed in monotonic loading at all temperatures investigated. Both relaxation behavior and creep are profoundly influenced by prior strain rate at all temperatures. The time-dependent mechanical behavior of the PMR-15 polymer is also strongly affected by temperature. The elastic modulus decreases and the departure from quasi-linear behavior is accelerated with increasing temperature. Stress levels in the region of inelastic flow decrease as the temperature increases. The relaxation behavior as well as the creep response is strongly influenced by temperature. The viscoplasticity theory based on overstress for polymers (VBOP) is augmented to model the effects of temperature on the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15. VBOP is a unified state variable theory with growth laws for three state variables: the equilibrium stress, the kinematic stress, and the isotropic stress. Based on the experimental findings several VBOP model parameters are developed as functions of temperature. The augmented model is employed to predict the response of the material under both strain-and stress-controlled loading histories at temperatures in the range of interest. Comparison with experimental data demonstrates that the augmented VBOP successfully predicts the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 polymer under various loading histories at temperatures between 274 and 316 degrees C. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006122] C1 [Ryther, C. E. C.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA01103J001] FX The support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. F1ATA01103J001), Dr. Joycelyn Harrison, Program Director, is highly appreciated. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 IS 6 AR 061404 DI 10.1115/1.4006122 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 103TL UT WOS:000315941800019 ER PT J AU Kwon, H Pack, DJ AF Kwon, Hyukseong Pack, Daniel J. TI Cooperative target localization by multiple unmanned aircraft systems using sensor fusion quality SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sensor fusion; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Target localization AB Over the past several years, researchers at the U. S. Air Force Academy developed cooperative, distributed aerial sensor networks (Pack et al. in IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B Cybern 39(4):959-970, 2009) using multiple small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs) to search, detect, and locate ground targets. The use of distributed SUAVs, however, introduced a set of problems, including difficulties in reliable air-to-air communication and clock synchronization among onboard systems of multiple SUAVs. The communication problems further aggravate the synchronization problem contributing to a large target localization error. Conventional methods use multiple sensor outputs of the same target seen from different perspectives to increase the target localization accuracy. These methods are effective only when the pose errors of sensor platforms based on GPS data are modeled accurately, which is not a reasonable assumption for SUAVs, especially when SUAVs operate in an environment with wind gusts. In this paper, we propose a robust, novel technique that analyzes what we call 'sensor fusion quality' to assign an appropriate sensor reliability value to each set of updated sensor data. In the proposed approach, we characterize the quality of a set of newly acquired sensor data, containing a target, by examining the joint target location probability density function. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated using flight test data. C1 [Kwon, Hyukseong; Pack, Daniel J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2F4, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 EI 1862-4480 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1707 EP 1717 DI 10.1007/s11590-011-0360-9 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 095PY UT WOS:000315348000010 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Plasma Control for a Maneuvering Low-Aspect-Ratio Wing at Low Reynolds Number SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLOW STRUCTURE; PLATE WINGS; ACTUATORS; AIRFOIL; AERODYNAMICS; SCHEMES; BLADES AB Plasma-based flow control was explored as a means of enhancing the performance of a maneuvering flat-plate wing. For this purpose, a numerical investigation was conducted via large-eddy simulation (LES). The wing has a rectangular planform, a thickness to chord ratio of 0.016, and an aspect ratio of 2.0. Computations were carried out at a chord-based Reynolds number of 20,000, such that the configuration and flow conditions are typical of those commonly utilized in a small unmanned air system (UAS). Solutions were obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, that were augmented by source terms used to represent body forces imparted by plasma actuators on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided these body forces resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme and an implicit LES approach, which were applied to obtain solutions on an overset mesh system. Specific maneuvers considered in the investigation all began at 0 deg angle of attack, and consisted of a pitch-up and return, a pitch-up and hold, and a pitch-up to 60 deg. The maximum angle of attack for the first two maneuvers was 35 deg, which is well above that for static stall. Two different pitch rates were imposed for each of the specified motions. In control situations, a plasma actuator was distributed in the spanwise direction along the wing leading edge, or extended in the chordwise direction along the wing tip. Control solutions were compared with baseline results without actuation in order to assess the benefits of flow control and to determine its effectiveness. In all cases, it was found that plasma control can appreciably improve the time integrated lift over the duration of the maneuvers. The wing-tip actuator could achieve up to a 40% increase in the integrated lift, above that of the baseline value. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007947] C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Donald.Rizzetta@wpafb.af.mil; Miguel.Visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense Super-computing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, MS; Wright-Patterson AFB, OH FX The work presented here was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a task monitored by D. Smith. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the U.S. Department of Defense Super-computing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, MS and Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 IS 12 AR 121104 DI 10.1115/1.4007947 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 087KX UT WOS:000314761300004 ER PT J AU Palm, WJ Marciniak, MA Perram, GP Gross, KC Bailey, WF Walters, CT AF Palm, William J. Marciniak, Michael A. Perram, Glen P. Gross, Kevin C. Bailey, William F. Walters, Craig T. TI Wavelength and temperature dependence of continuous-wave laser absorptance in Kapton (R) thin films SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser heating; Kapton (R); polyimide; spectral emittance AB Optical properties and laser damage characteristics of thin-film aluminized Kapton(R) were investigated. Spectral absorptance of virgin and irradiated samples was measured from the Kapton side of multilayered insulation over 0.2 to 15 mu m wavelengths at both room temperature and 150 degrees C. The laser-damage parameters of penetration time and maximum temperature were then measured in a vacuum environment at laser wavelengths of 1.07 and 10.6 mu m. Differences in damage behavior at these two wavelengths were observed due to differences in starting absorption properties at these wavelengths. During laser irradiation, the Kapton thin film was observed with a calibrated FLIR(R) thermal imager in the 8 to 9.2 mu m band to determine its temperature evolution. Spectral radiance throughout the mid-and long-wave infrared was also observed with a Fourier transform spectrometer, allowing temperature-dependent spectral emittance to be determined. Kapton emittance increased after the material heated past approximately 500 degrees C, and continued to increase as it cooled posttest. This evolving temperature-dependent spectral emittance successfully predicts the increasing absorptance that led to shortened penetration times and increased heating rates for the 1.07 mu m laser. For tests with constant absorptance and no material breakdown, a simplified one-dimensional thermal conduction and radiation model successfully predicts the temporally evolving temperature. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.12.121802] C1 [Palm, William J.] AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Marciniak, Michael A.; Perram, Glen P.; Gross, Kevin C.; Bailey, William F.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Walters, Craig T.] Craig Walters Associates, Powell, OH 43065 USA. RP Palm, WJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM michael.marciniak@afit.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) [AFOSR-BAA-2010-2] FX This work was supported by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) under grant AFOSR-BAA-2010-2 and was performed at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 IS 12 AR 121802 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.12.121802 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 083KV UT WOS:000314463400005 ER PT J AU Callihan, RS Wood, AW AF Callihan, Robert S. Wood, Aihua W. TI A Modified Helmholtz Equation with Impedance Boundary Conditions SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Helmholtz equation; impedance boundary conditions; finite element method ID TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; GROUND PLANE; OVERFILLED CAVITIES AB Here considered is the problem of transient electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities embedded in an impedance ground plane. An artificial boundary condition is introduced on a semicircle enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those fields inside. A Green's function solution is obtained for the exterior domain, while the interior problem is solved using finite element method. Well-posedness of the associated variational formulation is achieved and convergence and stability of the numerical scheme confirmed. Numerical experiments show the accuracy and robustness of the method. C1 [Callihan, Robert S.; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2070-0733 J9 ADV APPL MATH MECH JI Adv. Appl. Math. Mech. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 6 BP 703 EP 718 DI 10.4208/aamm.12-12S02 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 082OL UT WOS:000314401400005 ER PT J AU Gallagher, JC Doman, DB Oppenheimer, MW AF Gallagher, John C. Doman, David B. Oppenheimer, Michael W. TI The Technology of the Gaps: An Evolvable Hardware Synthesized Oscillator for the Control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Aerospace control; digital circuits; evolutionary computation ID INSECT; FLIGHT AB To date, work in evolvable and adaptive hardware (EAH) has been largely isolated from primary inclusion into larger design processes. Almost without exception, EAH efforts are aimed at creating systems whole cloth, creating drop-in replacements for existing components of a larger design, or creating after-the-fact fixes for designs found to be deficient. This paper will discuss early efforts in integrating EAH methods into the design of a controller for a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV). The FWMAV project is extensive, multidisciplinary, and on going. Because EAH methods were in consideration during its earliest design stages, this project provides a rich environment in which to explore means of effectively combining EAH and traditional design methodologies. In addition to providing a concrete EAH design that addresses potential problems with FWMAV flight in a unique way, this paper will also provide a provisional list of EAH design integration principles, drawn from our experiences to date. C1 [Gallagher, John C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Engn & Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gallagher, John C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Doman, David B.; Oppenheimer, Michael W.] USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gallagher, JC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Engn & Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM john.gallagher@wright.edu; david.doman@wpafb.af.mil; michael.oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1089-778X J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 16 IS 6 BP 753 EP 768 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2012.2186816 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 080UJ UT WOS:000314269000001 ER PT J AU Lovingood, DD Owens, JR Seeber, M Korney, KG Luzinov, I AF Lovingood, Derek D. Owens, Jeffery R. Seeber, Michael Korney, Konstantin G. Luzinov, Igor TI Controlled Microwave-Assisted Growth of Silica Nanoparticles under Acid Catalysis SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE microwave; nanoparticle; silica; silicic acid; NP; SiO2 ID SOL-GEL PROCESS; QUANTUM DOTS; CONDENSATION; NANOCRYSTALS; HYDROLYSIS; CDSE; SIZE; MEDIA; RATIO AB In this work, we demonstrate the controlled synthesis of silica nanoparticles as small as 30 run (+/- 5 nm) and as large as 250 nm (+/- 30 nm) in minutes using surfactant free, microwave-assisted synthetic techniques. Proper choice of solvent, silicic acid precursor, catalyst, and microwave irradiation time were the variables used to control nanoparticle size and, ultimately, overcome the previously reported shortcomings of using microwaves for silica nanoparticle synthesis. In these reactions acetone, a low-tan delta solvent, mediates the condensation reaction, while selective absorption of pulsed microwave radiation by the precursor promotes nanoparticle growth. Dynamic light scattering data, scanning electron micrographs, and transmission electron micrographs of the reaction products show that the size, shape, and granularity of the silica nanoparticles are highly dependent on reaction conditions. These microwave methods have utility for mass production of silica nanoparticles or other nanoparticles by flow through microwave synthetic methods for industrial applications, as well as a facile method for encapsulating or embedding materials with silica for improved functionality and stability. C1 [Lovingood, Derek D.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Seeber, Michael; Korney, Konstantin G.; Luzinov, Igor] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lovingood, DD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 4692 Millennium Dr,Ste 101, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. EM derek.lovingood.ctr@us.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Physical Science and Technology Division, Protection and Hazard Mitigation technical area; U.S. Department of Energy; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) FX Funding was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Physical Science and Technology Division, Protection and Hazard Mitigation technical area. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ). NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 12 BP 6874 EP 6882 DI 10.1021/am3020247 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 065LM UT WOS:000313149800063 PM 23182127 ER PT J AU Schadler, LS Nelson, JK Calebrese, C Travelpiece, A Schweickart, DL AF Schadler, Linda S. Nelson, J. Keith Calebrese, Chris Travelpiece, Alisha Schweickart, Daniel L. TI High Temperature Breakdown Strength and Voltage Endurance Characterization of Nanofilled Polyamideimide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Dielectric materials; dielectric breakdown; voltage endurance; polyamideimide ID NEAREST NEIGHBOR STATISTICS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANODIELECTRICS; FILMS; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR AB For high temperature wire enamel application, the dielectric properties of nanoscale silica and alumina filled polyamideimide were characterized as a function of filler loading, and temperature. It was found that although the dc breakdown strength improved for both composite systems, only the alumina also exhibited an increase in ac breakdown strength. In addition, the voltage endurance at elevated temperature in both a needle/plate and twisted wire geometry was improved over a narrow range of filler loading (5-7.5 wt%). At room temperature, pulsed electroacoustic analysis (PEA) data does not indicate any difference in space charge buildup in the composite for fields up to 25 kV/mm over a period of 2 h. This is in contrast to other nanocomposite systems, which tend to show mitigation of space charge buildup with the addition of nanoparticles. Dielectric spectroscopy shows that the addition of nanoparticles increases the real permittivity above that expected for volumetric mixing rules. This enhancement is associated with high effective permittivity interfacial areas. No systematic changes in losses in the frequency range between 10(-4) and 10(5) Hz were seen. The results suggest that carrier scattering is the primary mechanism leading to the improved breakdown strength. C1 [Schadler, Linda S.; Nelson, J. Keith; Calebrese, Chris; Travelpiece, Alisha] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schweickart, Daniel L.] USAF, Res Lab, MS AFRL RQPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schadler, LS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU UES, Inc. [FA8650-04-D-2404/DO-04] FX This work is supported through UES, Inc., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, by contract number FA8650-04-D-2404/DO-04. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 35 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2090 EP 2101 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 069SL UT WOS:000313457200031 ER PT J AU Li, L Tang, DY Xu, CW Knize, RJ Shen, DY AF Li, L. Tang, D. Y. Xu, C. W. Knize, R. J. Shen, D. Y. TI Periodic dark pulse emission induced by delayed feedback in a quantum well semiconductor laser SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; SPECTRA; DIODES AB We report the experimental observation of periodic dark pulse emission in a quantum-well semiconductor laser with delayed optical feedback. We found that under appropriate operation conditions the laser can also emit a stable train of dark pulses. The repetition frequency of the dark pulse is determined by the external cavity length. Splitting of the dark pulse was also observed. We speculate that the observed dark pulse is a kind of temporal cavity soliton formed in the laser. Copyright 2012 Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769089] C1 [Li, L.; Tang, D. Y.; Xu, C. W.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Shen, D. Y.] Jiangsu Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Engn, Nanjing 221116, Peoples R China. [Li, L.] Shandong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Tang, DY (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM edytang@ntu.edu.sg FU AOARD [FA2386-11-4010]; fund of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This project is supported by the AOARD under the contract number FA2386-11-4010. D. Y. Shen acknowledges support by the fund of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 AR 042157 DI 10.1063/1.4769089 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 061DX UT WOS:000312828700070 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Wang, JS Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, B. Wang, J. S. Brown, G. J. TI Photoluminescence under high-electric field of PbS quantum dots SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article AB The effect of a laterally applied electric field (<= 10 kV/cm) on the photoluminescence of colloidal PbS quantum dots (diameter of 2.7 nm) on glass was studied. The field provoked a blueshift of the emission peak, a reduction of the luminescent intensity, and caused an increase in the full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum. Upon comparison with the photoluminescence of p-type GaAs exhibits the uniqueness of quantum dot based electric emission control with respect to bulk materials. Copyright 2012 Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766329] C1 [Ullrich, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Wang, J. S.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM bruno@fis.unam.mx NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 AR 042132 DI 10.1063/1.4766329 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 061DX UT WOS:000312828700045 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Thal, AE Unger, EJ White, ED AF Lee, Sang M. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Unger, Eric J. White, Edward D., III TI Daylighting Strategies: Life-Cycle Cost Modeling and Policy Implications for Emerging Technology SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Engineering Economics; Life-Cycle Costing; Daylighting Strategies; Emerging Technology; Monte Carlo Simulation; Policy Implications ID ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; SKYLIGHTS AB In the United States, facility lighting loads account for $15-23 billion annually in energy consumption. To help reduce these loads, passive solar energy strategies such as daylighting are often used. To evaluate daylighting strategies, we modeled the performance of a prototypical office facility using building energy simulation software and conducted life-cycle cost analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Our findings show that electrochromic windows result in the lowest energy consumption; however, the most economically viable strategy was the advanced daylighting control system. Our simulations demonstrate the importance of considering economic incentive policies to make emerging daylighting technology more viable. C1 [Thal, Alfred E., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Edward D., III] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM al.thal@afit.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 063TK UT WOS:000313024400001 ER PT J AU Nyikos, DM Thal, AE Hicks, MJ Leach, SE AF Nyikos, David M. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Hicks, Michael J. Leach, Sonia E. TI To LEED or Not to LEED:Analysis of Cost Premiums Associated With Sustainable Facility Design SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED); Sustainability; Sustainable Design; Facility Construction; Green Cost Premiums; Engineering Economics ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; HEALTH; PRODUCTIVITY; GAINS AB Many organizations have established policies authorizing a "green" cost premium to fund sustainable design. In order to determine whether or not this practice is supported, we collected construction, cost, and utility data on a sample of 160 LEED certified buildings. Using simple correlation and descriptive statistics to analyze the resulting database, we found operating costs in LEED certified buildings were $0.70 per square foot less than non-LEED buildings, energy costs were 31% lower, and cost premiums ranged from 2.5 to 9.4% with a mean of 4.1%. Correlation analysis suggests there are very few statistically significant correlations among the design variables. C1 [Thal, Alfred E., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM al.thal@afit.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 50 EP 62 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 063TK UT WOS:000313024400004 ER PT J AU Kambour, K Rosen, N Kouhestani, C Nguyen, D Mayberry, C Devine, RAB Kumar, A Chen, CC Li, G Yang, Y AF Kambour, Kenneth Rosen, Nadav Kouhestani, Camron Duc Nguyen Mayberry, Clay Devine, Roderick A. B. Kumar, A. Chen, C-C. Li, Gang Yang, Yang TI Modeling of the X-irradiation Response of the Carrier Relaxation Time in P3HT:PCBM Organic-Based Photocells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) DE Simulation; Photovoltaic cells; X-rays; x-rays; Simulation; solar cells ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB Initial experimental work has demonstrated that x-ray bombardment of organic-based photocells (specifically P3HT:PCBM-based) leads to a reduction in the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) without apparent change in the carrier relaxation time. The variation of V-oc was suggested to be due to the injection and trapping of holes near the anode, which resulted in a decrease in the built-in potential. We have extended the experimental measurements to higher total dose (similar to 1300 krad SiO2)). Using standard inorganic modeling tools, a device model of the organic cell has been developed and predictions made. These predictions have been compared to the results of the previous and new experimental measurements and they demonstrate reasonable agreement between the two, thereby supporting the initial charge buildup hypothesis. Questions about the origin and behavior of the photo-carrier relaxation arise. C1 [Kambour, Kenneth] SAIC Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Rosen, Nadav; Mayberry, Clay] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kouhestani, Camron; Duc Nguyen] COSMIAC Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Devine, Roderick A. B.] Think Strategically, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kumar, A.; Chen, C-C.; Li, Gang; Yang, Yang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kambour, K (reprint author), SAIC Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM ken-neth.e.kambour@saic.com RI Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 FU U.S. Air Force under United States Air Force Air Force Material Command, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB [NM 87117-5776]; AFSOR [AFOSR-09RV01COR]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-08-2-0259]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0610] FX The work of K. Kambour was supported by the U.S. Air Force under a contract sponsored, monitored, and managed by United States Air Force Air Force Material Command, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776. Work at Kirtland AFB was funded by the AFSOR through AFOSR-09RV01COR. Their work is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA9453-08-2-0259. The work at UCLA was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0610, Program manager: Charles Lee Ph.D.). NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2902 EP 2908 DI 10.1109/TNS.2012.2222666 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 056JX UT WOS:000312486000037 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Martin, PA Boos, JB Cress, CD AF Weaver, B. D. Martin, P. A. Boos, J. B. Cress, C. D. TI Displacement Damage Effects in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) DE Displacement damage; gallium nitride; high electron mobility transistors; proton irradiation ID ENERGY PROTON IRRADIATION; HEMTS; DEGRADATION; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB We present the results of a radiation damage experiment on AlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. The basic mechanism underlying the observed high radiation tolerance appears to be a strong internal piezoelectric field near the two-dimensional electron gas that causes scattered carriers to be reinjected. C1 [Weaver, B. D.; Boos, J. B.; Cress, C. D.] USN, Res Lab NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martin, P. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87801 USA. [Martin, P. A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.weaver@nrl.navy.mil OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Office of Naval Resarch; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Resarch and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 6 BP 3077 EP 3080 DI 10.1109/TNS.2012.2224371 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 056JX UT WOS:000312486000062 ER PT J AU Lu, MQ Juluri, BK Zhao, YH Liu, YJ Bunning, TJ Huang, TJ AF Lu, Mengqian Juluri, Bala Krishna Zhao, Yanhui Liu, Yan Jun Bunning, Timothy J. Huang, Tony Jun TI Single-step holographic fabrication of large-area periodically corrugated metal films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES SSAW; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL; LASER INTERFERENCE; SENSORS AB We have developed a simple, high-throughput, and cost-effective method to fabricate one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodically corrugated silver films over centimeter scale areas. This fabrication uses a single-step holographic patterning technique with laser intensities as low as 88.8 mW/cm(2) to deposit silver nanoparticles directly from solution to create gratings with periodicities of 570 nm. A dip in the transmission spectrum for these samples is observed due to certain visible wavelengths coupling to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the peak wavelength of this dip has a linear relationship with the surrounding material's refractive index (RI) with a sensitivity of 553.4 nm/RIU. The figure of merit (the ratio of refractive index sensitivity to the full width at half maximum (FWHM)) is typically in the range of 12-23. Our technique enables single-step fabrication of uniform, sub-wavelength periodic metal structures over a large area with low cost. Such sub-wavelength periodic metal structures are promising candidates as disposable sensors in applications such as affordable environmental monitoring systems and point-of-care diagnostics. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768201] C1 [Lu, Mengqian; Juluri, Bala Krishna; Zhao, Yanhui; Huang, Tony Jun] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Liu, Yan Jun] Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM junhuang@psu.edu RI Juluri, Bala Krishna/A-2924-2009; Zhao, Yanhui/D-3926-2011; Huang, Tony/A-1546-2009 OI Zhao, Yanhui/0000-0003-1131-8527; FU National Institutes of Health [1DP2OD007209-01]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (MRSEC); NSF FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bernhard R. Tittmann and Xiaoning Xi for help with equipment, Justin Hallas, Brian Kiraly, and Michael Lapsley for discussion. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health (Director's New Innovator Award, 1DP2OD007209-01), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Science Foundation, and the Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (MRSEC). Components of this work were conducted at the Penn State node of the NSF-funded National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 11 AR 113101 DI 10.1063/1.4768201 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LI UT WOS:000312490700002 PM 23284185 ER PT J AU Cox, CB Barron, L AF Cox, Cody B. Barron, Laura TI The Effects of Changing Anti-Discrimination Legal Standards on the Evaluation of Older Workers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-DISCRIMINATION; POWER DISTANCE; SELF-EFFICACY; BELIEFS; WORKPLACE; IMPACT; CONSEQUENCES; STEREOTYPES; PERFORMANCE; EXPRESSION AB Recent court decisions have raised evidentiary standards for demonstrating age discrimination, which may also impact attitudes toward older workers. In 2 studies, we explored the relationship between perceived legal protections and attitudes toward older workers. In Study 1, perceptions of current discrimination laws predicted attitudes toward older workers. In Study 2, participants received a training module that either discussed the recent ruling or previous law. When the new ruling was presented, older targets were rated less capable of change and less suitable for their jobs than were otherwise equivalent younger targets. Individuals high in power distance were particularly susceptible to this effect. Implications of the importance of age anti-discrimination laws are discussed. C1 Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Behav Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. USAF, Force Management Policy Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Cox, CB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ San Antonio, Sch Arts & Sci, 1 Univ Way, San Antonio, TX 78224 USA. EM ccox@tamusa.tamus.edu NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 42 SU 1 SI SI BP E198 EP E221 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01040.x PG 24 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 061YQ UT WOS:000312886600008 ER PT J AU Bein, T Zonies, D Philipp, A Zimmermann, M Osborn, EC Allan, PF Nerlich, M Graf, BM Fang, R AF Bein, Thomas Zonies, David Philipp, Alois Zimmermann, Markus Osborn, Erik C. Allan, Patrick F. Nerlich, Michael Graf, Bernhard M. Fang, Raymond TI Transportable extracorporeal lung support for rescue of severe respiratory failure in combat casualties SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Western-Trauma-Association CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2012 CL Vail, CO SP Western Trauma Assoc DE Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; acute lung injury; adult respiratory distress syndrome; military medicine; transportation of patients ID MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; LIFE-SUPPORT; INJURY; TRAUMA; ASSIST; CARE; ADULTS; SHOCK AB BACKGROUND: Advances in oxygenator membrane, vascular cannula, and centrifugal pump technologies led to the miniaturization of extracorporeal lung support (ECLS) and simplified its insertion and use. Support of combat injuries complicated by severe respiratory failure requires critical care resources not sustainable in the deployed environment. In response to this need, a unique international military-civilian partnership was forged to create a transportable ECLS capability to rescue combat casualties experiencing severe respiratory failure. METHODS: A multidisciplinary training and consultative relationship developed between the US military at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) and the University Hospital Regensburg (UHR), a German regional "lung failure" center with expertise in ECLS. ECLS circuits used were pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (Nova Lung iLA) and pump-driven venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PLS Quadrox D Membrane Oxygenator with Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump). US casualties supported by ECLS between June 2005 and August 2011 were identified from the LRMC Trauma Program Registry for review. RESULTS: UHR cared for 10 US casualties supported by ECLS. The initial five patients were cannulated with arteriovenous circuits (pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist), and the remaining five were cannulated with pump-driven,venovenous circuits (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Four patients were cannulated in the war zone, and six patients were cannulated at LRMC after evacuation to Germany. All patients were transferred to UHR for continued management (mean, 9.6 ECLS days). In all cases, both hypoxemia and hypercapnia improved, allowing for decreased airway pressures. Nine patients were weaned from ECLS and extubated. One soldier died from progressive multiple-organ failure. CONCLUSION: ECLS should be considered in the management of trauma complicated by severe respiratory failure. Modem ECLS technology allows these therapies to be transported for initiation outside of specialized centers even in austere settings. Close collaboration with established centers potentially allows both military and civilian hospitals with infrequent ECLS requirements to use it for initial patient stabilization before transfer for continued care. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73: 1450-1456. Copyright (C) 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/care management study, level V. C1 [Fang, Raymond] USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bein, Thomas; Graf, Bernhard M.] Univ Regensburg, Dept Anaesthesia, Regensburg, Germany. [Philipp, Alois] Univ Regensburg, Dept Cardiothorac & Vasc Surg, Regensburg, Germany. [Nerlich, Michael] Univ Regensburg, Dept Trauma Surg, Regensburg, Germany. [Zimmermann, Markus] Univ Regensburg, Dept Emergency Med, Regensburg, Germany. [Zonies, David] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Trauma & Crit Care, Landstuhl, Germany. [Osborn, Erik C.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Allan, Patrick F.] Wright Patterson AFB Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fang, R (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. EM Raymond.Fang@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1450 EP 1456 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182782480 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 058FV UT WOS:000312620400015 PM 23188237 ER PT J AU Blackbourne, LH Baer, DG Eastridge, BJ Renz, EM Chung, KK DuBose, J Wenke, JC Cap, AP Biever, KA Mabry, RL Bailey, J Maani, CV Bebarta, V Rasmussen, TE Fang, R Morrison, J Midwinter, MJ Cestero, RF Holcomb, JB AF Blackbourne, Lorne H. Baer, David G. Eastridge, Brian J. Renz, Evan M. Chung, Kevin K. DuBose, Joseph Wenke, Joseph C. Cap, Andrew P. Biever, Kimberlie A. Mabry, Robert L. Bailey, Jeffrey Maani, Christopher V. Bebarta, Vikhyat Rasmussen, Todd E. Fang, Raymond Morrison, Jonathan Midwinter, Mark J. Cestero, Ramon F. Holcomb, John B. TI Military medical revolution: Deployed hospital and en route care SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Review ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; OPERATION IRAQI-FREEDOM; PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY; ENDOVASCULAR BALLOON OCCLUSION; BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS STRATEGIES; EXTREMITY VASCULAR INJURY; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY; ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; LAST 60 YEARS C1 [Blackbourne, Lorne H.; Baer, David G.; Eastridge, Brian J.; Renz, Evan M.; Chung, Kevin K.; Wenke, Joseph C.; Cap, Andrew P.; Biever, Kimberlie A.; Mabry, Robert L.; Bailey, Jeffrey; Maani, Christopher V.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat] Brooke Army Med Ctr, MEDCOM, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cestero, Ramon F.] USN, Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Holcomb, John B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. [DuBose, Joseph] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Baltimore Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skil, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Fang, Raymond] USAF, Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Morrison, Jonathan; Midwinter, Mark J.] Royal Ctr Def Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Blackbourne, LH (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM lorne.h.blackbourne@us.army.mil RI Bailey, John/L-1925-2013; Midwinter, Mark/P-6264-2015; bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015; OI Midwinter, Mark/0000-0003-1836-7137; Morrison, Jonathan/0000-0001-7462-8456 NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 SU 5 BP S378 EP S387 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182754900 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 056QT UT WOS:000312506900003 PM 23192059 ER PT J AU Chan, RK Siller-Jackson, A Verrett, AJ Wu, J Hale, RG AF Chan, Rodney K. Siller-Jackson, Arlene Verrett, Adam J. Wu, Jesse Hale, Robert G. TI Ten years of war: A characterization of craniomaxillofacial injuries incurred during operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Craniomaxillofacial injury; blast injury; explosive devices; ballistic trauma ID AIR MEDICAL EVACUATIONS; ORAL-FACIAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; TRAUMA; CASUALTIES; SOLDIERS; FACE AB BACKGROUND: Improved armor and battlefield medicine have led to better survival in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan than any previous ones. Increased frequency and severity of craniomaxillofacial injuries have been proposed. A comprehensive characterization of the injury pattern sustained during this 10-year period to the craniomaxillofacial region is needed to improve our understanding of these unique injuries, to optimize the treatment for these patients, and to potentially direct strategic development of protective equipment in the future. METHODS: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried from October 19, 2001, to March 27, 2011, covering operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom for battle injuries to the craniomaxillofacial region, including patient demographics and mechanism of injury. Injuries were classified according to type (wounds, fractures, burns, vascular injuries, and nerve injuries) using DRG International Classification of Diseases-9th Rev, diagnosis codes. RESULTS: In this 10-year period, craniomaxillofacial battle injuries to the head and neck were found in 42.2% of patients evacuated out of theater. There is a high preponderance of multiple wounds and open fractures in this region. The primary mechanism of injury involved explosive devices, followed by ballistic trauma. CONCLUSION: Modern combat, characterized by blast injuries, results in higher than previously reported incidence of injury to the craniomaxillofacial region. (I Trauma Acute Care Stag. 2012;73: S453-S458. Copyright (C) 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Chan, Rodney K.; Siller-Jackson, Arlene; Wu, Jesse; Hale, Robert G.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Verrett, Adam J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chan, RK (reprint author), 3650 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM rodney.k.chan@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 SU 5 BP S453 EP S458 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182754868 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 056QT UT WOS:000312506900013 PM 23192069 ER PT J AU Rentas, F Lincoln, D Harding, A Maas, P Giglio, J Fryar, R Elder, K Fahie, R Whitlock, K Vinluan, J Gonzales, R AF Rentas, Francisco Lincoln, David Harding, Aaron Maas, Peter Giglio, Joseph Fryar, Ronny Elder, Kathleen Fahie, Roland Whitlock, Kathleen Vinluan, Jerome Gonzales, Richard TI The Armed Services Blood Program: Blood support to combat casualty care 2001 to 2011 SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Armed Services; combat; transfusion; blood components ID I TRAUMA CENTER; CELL STORAGE; SEVERE INJURY; STORED-BLOOD; OLD BLOOD; DEATHS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSFUSION; MORTALITY; RESUSCITATION AB BACKGROUND: The Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) provides the farthest-reaching blood supply in the world. This article provides statistics and a review of blood operations in support of combat casualty care during the last 10 years. It also outlines changes in blood doctrine in support of combat casualty care. METHODS: This is a descriptive overview and review of blood product use and transfusions used by ASBP personnel to support combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan between October 2001 and November 2011. RESULTS: The ASBP initiated major changes in blood availability and age of blood in theater. In support of data published by physicians in theater, showing improved patient survival when a higher ratio of fresh frozen plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) is achieved, plus the use of platelets, the ASBP increased availability of plasma and established platelet collection facilities in theater. New capabilities included emergency collection of apheresis platelets in the battlefield, availability and transfusion of deglycerolized red cells, rapid diagnostic donor screening, and a new modular blood detachment. Forward surgical facilities that were at one time limited to a blood inventory consisting of RBCs now have a complete arsenal of products at their fingertips that may include fresher RBCs, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelets. A number of clinical practice guidelines are in place to address these processes. Changes in blood doctrine were made to support new combat casualty care and damage-control resuscitation initiatives. CONCLUSION: Despite the challenges of war in two theaters of operation, a number of improvements and changes to blood policy have been developed during the last 10 years to support combat casualty care. The nature of medical care in combat operations will continue to be dynamic and constantly evolving. The ASBP needs to be prepared to meet future challenges. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73: S472-S478. Copyright (C) 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Rentas, Francisco; Lincoln, David; Harding, Aaron; Maas, Peter] Armed Serv Blood Program Off, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Fryar, Ronny; Elder, Kathleen] Army Blood Program, Falls Church, VA USA. [Fahie, Roland; Whitlock, Kathleen] USN, Blood Program, Washington, DC USA. [Vinluan, Jerome] Armed Serv Whole Blood Proc Lab, Mcguire AFB, NJ USA. [Gonzales, Richard] USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Rentas, F (reprint author), Armed Serv Blood Program Off, 5109 Leesburg Pike,Suite 698, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM frank.rentas@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 SU 5 BP S472 EP S478 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31827546e4 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 056QT UT WOS:000312506900016 PM 23192072 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Lee, KM Koerner, H Yu, ZN Vaia, RA White, TJ Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Lee, Kyung Min Koerner, Hilmar Yu, Zhenning Vaia, Richard A. White, Timothy J. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Flexural-Torsional Photomechanical Responses in Azobenzene-Containing Crosslinked Polyimides SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE azobenzene; flexural-torsional response; photo-isomerization; polyimides; reciprocal aspect ratio ID CONTAINING POLYMERS; NETWORKS; MOTIONS; FILM AB The influence of a variety of factors on the photomechanical output of azo-CP2-xx systems is studied, primarily focusing on a sample with a higher crosslink density (30 mol%) and two new, structurally related crosslinked polyimides with modified backbone flexibility/rigidity. This work elucidates the strong coupling between geometrical considerations (reciprocal aspect ratio of cantilever) and the visualized mechanical response (e.g., flexural-torsional response of a cantilever). C1 [Wang, David H.; Lee, Kyung Min; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; White, Timothy J.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate RX, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Yu, Zhenning] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate RX, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.whitez@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU AFRL/AFOSR; AFRL/RX Directorates FX We thank Dr. Matthew Smith (AFRL/RX, National Research Council Fellowship Program) for helpful discussion on polymer photomechanics, and Marlene Houtz (University of Dayton Research Institute) for DMA data. Funding support was provided by AFRL/AFOSR and AFRL/RX Directorates. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 297 IS 12 SI SI BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1002/mame.201200240 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 058CG UT WOS:000312611100005 ER PT J AU Atkinson, MD Poggie, J Camberos, JA AF Atkinson, Michael D. Poggie, Jonathan Camberos, Jose A. TI Control of separated flow in a reflected shock interaction using a magnetically-accelerated surface discharge SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TRANSONIC CHANNEL FLOWS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LINE RELAXATION; GENERATORS AB A numerical investigation was carried out to explore the effects of a magnetically-accelerated surface discharge on a separated, turbulent boundary layer in supersonic flow. The geometry and test conditions were chosen for comparison to experiments carried out at Princeton University. For those studies, a reflected shock interaction was created using a 14 degrees shock generator acting on an incoming turbulent boundary layer with a Reynolds number based on momentum thickness of 1 x 10(4) and a freestream Mach number of 2.6. Three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations were carried out to simulate the experiments, using the US3D code developed at the University of Minnesota. The baseline code was modified to include a semi-empirical model of the surface discharge actuator, implemented through source terms in the momentum equation, vibrational energy equation, and total energy equation. The computational results for the baseline flow and several control cases were compared to experimental measurements of mean surface pressure. The level of discrepancy was typical of well-resolved RANS computations of three-dimensional, separated flows: qualitative agreement was obtained, and the general experimental trends were captured by the numerical model. Substantial three-dimensionality was observed even in the baseline flow, and significant changes in the flow topology were observed with the application of the actuator. Because of the highly three-dimensional nature of this shock interaction, the initial interpretation of the experiments may need to be revisited. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772197] C1 [Atkinson, Michael D.; Poggie, Jonathan; Camberos, Jose A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Atkinson, MD (reprint author), GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. FU Air Force Fully Reusable Access to Space Technology (FAST) program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR-12RB09COR] FX The authors are indebted to G. Candler for permission to use US3D, and to R. Gosse and I. Nompelis for lending their assistance and expertise. We are grateful to N. Bisek, D. Gaitonde, J. Jaworski, and M. White for helpful discussion. Partial sponsorship for M. Atkinson was provided by the Air Force Fully Reusable Access to Space Technology (FAST) program. High-performance computer time was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Department of Defense Super-computing Resource Center. Additional support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Grant No. LRIR-12RB09COR, monitored by Dr. F. Fahroo, AFOSR/RSL. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2012 VL 24 IS 12 AR 126102 DI 10.1063/1.4772197 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 061FL UT WOS:000312833500038 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Hoff, B Lau, YY French, DM Luginsland, JW AF Zhang, Peng Hoff, Brad Lau, Y. Y. French, D. M. Luginsland, J. W. TI Excitation of a slow wave structure SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION-LINE; GENERATION AB The Green's function on a slow wave structure is constructed. The Green's function includes all radial modes, and for each radial mode, all space harmonics. We compare the analytic solution of the frequency response on the slow wave structure with that obtained from a particle-in-cell code. Favorable comparison is obtained when the first few lower order modes are resonantly excited. This gives some confidence in the prediction of converting a pulse train into radiation using a slow wave structure. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4771678] C1 [Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad; French, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Luginsland, J. W.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Zhang, Peng/C-8257-2011 OI Zhang, Peng/0000-0003-0606-6855 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award [FA9550-09-1-0662, AFOSR LRIR 12RD02COR]; Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program [AFKED01314C4O] FX The authors would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with P. J. Mardahl of the Air Force Research Laboratory regarding the ICEPIC code. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-09-1-0662, AFOSR LRIR 12RD02COR, and by the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program under subproject AFKED01314C4O. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 12 AR 123104 DI 10.1063/1.4771678 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 061FP UT WOS:000312834000059 ER PT J AU French, DM Hoff, BW Tang, W Heidger, S Allen-Flowers, J Shiffler, D AF French, David M. Hoff, Brad W. Tang, Wilkin Heidger, Susan Allen-Flowers, Jordan Shiffler, Don TI Nonlinear transmission line based electron beam driver SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FIELD EMITTED CURRENT; EMISSION; CATHODE; PULSES; ARRAYS; GENERATION; EQUATIONS; FERRITE; ENERGY AB Gated field emission cathodes can provide short electron pulses without the requirement of laser systems or cathode heating required by photoemission or thermionic cathodes. The large electric field requirement for field emission to take place can be achieved by using a high aspect ratio cathode with a large field enhancement factor which reduces the voltage requirement for emission. In this paper, a cathode gate driver based on the output pulse train from a nonlinear transmission line is experimentally demonstrated. The application of the pulse train to a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode generates short electron pulses. The pulses are approximately 2 ns in duration with emission currents of several mA, and the train contains up to 6 pulses at a frequency of 100 MHz. Particle-in-cell simulation is used to predict the characteristic of the current pulse train generated from a single carbon fiber field emission cathode using the same technique. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4770331] C1 [French, David M.; Hoff, Brad W.; Tang, Wilkin; Heidger, Susan; Shiffler, Don] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Allen-Flowers, Jordan] Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR LRIR [12RD02COR]; Department of Defense [AFKED01314C4O] FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR LRIR 12RD02COR, and by the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program under subproject AFKED01314C4O. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 12 AR 123302 DI 10.1063/1.4770331 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 061FS UT WOS:000312834300013 PM 23277977 ER PT J AU Cesnik, CES Senatore, PJ Su, WH Atkins, EM Shearer, CM AF Cesnik, Carlos E. S. Senatore, Patrick J. Su, Weihua Atkins, Ella M. Shearer, Christopher M. TI X-HALE: A Very Flexible Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Nonlinear Aeroelastic Tests SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference / 11th AIAA Gossamer Systems Forum CY APR 10-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, AHS, ASME, ASC, ASCE, US Off Naval Res (ONR), US AF Off Sci Res (AFOSR) ID FLIGHT DYNAMICS; LARGE DEFLECTIONS; COMPOSITE BLADES; FLYING WINGS; AIRCRAFT; BEHAVIOR AB The University of Michigan has designed and built an unmanned aerial vehicle denoted X-HALE, which is aeroelastically representative of very flexible aircraft. The objective of this test bed is to collect unique data of the geometrically nonlinear aeroelastic response coupled with the flight dynamics to be used for future code validation. The aircraft presents specific aeroelastic features (e.g., coupled rigid/elastic body instability, large wing deflection during gust) that can be measured in flight. Moreover, the airframe construction choice is such that the elastic, inertial, and geometric properties can be well characterized. These are requirements driven by the need of the collected data to be used to support validation of coupled nonlinear aeroelastic/flight dynamics codes. C1 [Cesnik, Carlos E. S.; Senatore, Patrick J.; Su, Weihua; Atkins, Ella M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shearer, Christopher M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cesnik, CES (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cesnik@umich.edu; senatorp@umich.edu; suw@umich.edu; ematkins@umich.edu; christopher.shearer@afit.edu RI Su, Weihua/F-1561-2011; Atkins, Ella/J-5732-2013 OI Su, Weihua/0000-0002-4458-0524; NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2820 EP 2833 DI 10.2514/1.J051392 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 055QK UT WOS:000312431300016 ER PT J AU Hester, M Ingalls, N Hatzfeld, J AF Hester, Marisa Ingalls, Nichole Hatzfeld, Jennifer TI JOURNAL TO RECOVERY: AN ICU NURSE PERSPECTIVE SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 19-23, 2013 CL San Juan, PR SP Soc Crit Care Medi C1 [Ingalls, Nichole] Univ Nevada, Sch Med Las Vegas, Nellis AFB, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hatzfeld, Jennifer] David Grand USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 12 SU S MA 895 BP U244 EP U244 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 050HZ UT WOS:000312045701164 ER PT J AU Hammack, S Lee, T Carter, C AF Hammack, Stephen Lee, Tonghun Carter, Campbell TI Microwave Plasma Enhancement of Various Flame Geometries at Atmospheric Pressure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microwave waveguide; planar laser-induced fluorescence; plasma-assisted combustion; Rayleigh scattering thermometry ID ASSISTED COMBUSTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; AIR FLOWS; IGNITION; DISCHARGE; METHANE; STERILIZATION; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN AB A plasma-coupled methane-air flame is produced at atmospheric pressure by a microwave plasma source utilizing a tunable waveguide. Laser diagnostics are used to examine the direct-coupled, plasma-ignited, and sustained flame, for multiple flame types and nozzle geometries. OH radical number densities are quantified using planar laser-induced fluorescence and temperature measured by Rayleigh scattering thermometry. Premixed and nonpremixed flames are studied using both solid and hollow inner conductors in the plasma-applicating nozzle. The plasma source is powered by a continuous 2.45-GHz magnetron producing 360 W of power. Plasma power is controlled by adjusting the reflected microwave power, measured at a dummy load attached to a circulator. Maximum OH radical number densities were quantified as approximately (3 - 5) x 10(16) cm(-3) for plasma powers around 100 W, with small variation between configurations. The maximum temperatures occurred in the nonpremixed flame, where the plasma is generated in air, reaching values of 3500 K. Temperatures are lower, peaking at 2000 K, when the plasma is generated at the air-fuel boundary or the air-premixed boundary through use of the hollow inner conductor. Additional parameters are adjusted, including flow rates, power level, and equivalence ratio, and the effects are discussed. Nonpremixed configurations are ill suited for flame enhancement, whereas a premixed flow through the hollow electrode best demonstrates nonthermal plasma-assisted combustion. C1 [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hammack, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Tonghun@msu.edu RI Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0802267]; Michigan State University Foundation [2352] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-09-1-0282 and FA9550-10-1-0556 with Dr. C. Lee as Technical Monitor, by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-0802267, and by the Michigan State University Foundation through the Strategic Partnership Grant (ID# 2352). NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3139 EP 3146 DI 10.1109/TPS.2012.2195034 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 055YY UT WOS:000312455200003 ER PT J AU Kingman, A Hyman, J Masten, SA Jayaram, B Smith, C Eichmiller, F Arnold, MC Wong, PA Schaeffer, JM Solanki, S Dunn, WJ AF Kingman, Albert Hyman, Jeffrey Masten, Scott A. Jayaram, Beby Smith, Cynthia Eichmiller, Frederick Arnold, Michael C. Wong, Paul A. Schaeffer, James M. Solanki, Sheetal Dunn, William J. TI Bisphenol A and other compounds in human saliva and urine associated with the placement of composite restorations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bisphenol A; dental composites; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; urine; saliva ID RESIN; DIMETHACRYLATE; 4-NONYLPHENOL; POPULATION; DENTISTRY; SEALANTS; EXPOSURE; ADULTS AB Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) and other related chemical compounds may be components used in the manufacturing process of resin-based composite dental restorative material. The purpose of the authors' study was to assess salivary and urinary concentrations of BPA and other compounds before and after placement of resin-based composite dental restorations. Methods. The authors collected saliva and urine from 172 participants receiving composite restorations before and as long as 30 hours after placement of composite restorations. The authors analyzed saliva specimens from 151 participants and urine specimens from 171 participants for concentrations of BPA and five related compounds by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Results. Salivary concentrations of BPA and some related compounds increased immediately (within one hour) after composite placement. Salivary concentrations of BPA and most study compounds returned to prerestoration levels within eight hours after composite placement. With the exception of a 43 percent increase in BPA, concentrations of the study compounds in urine returned to prerestoration levels nine to 30 hours after restoration placement. Concentrations in saliva were lower when a rubber dam was used; however, rubber dam use appeared to have no effect on urinary concentrations of the measured compounds during the study period. The authors observed similar changes in study compound levels in both saliva and urine between participants who received anterior restorations and those who received posterior restorations. Conclusions. Placement of resin-based composite restorations was associated with detectable increases in saliva of BPA and other study compounds within one hour after restoration placement and an increased concentration of BPA in urine nine to 30 hours after restoration placement. Rubber dam use did not reduce the absorption of BPA (measured as BPA level in urine) during the study. Clinical Implications. Additional studies are needed to address how long BPA levels in urine associated with composite placement remain elevated to aid in better understanding of the clearance rates of BPA and other study compounds. C1 [Kingman, Albert] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Clin Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Smith, Cynthia] NIEHS, Program Operat Branch, Natl Toxicol Program Div, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick] Delta Dent Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Arnold, Michael C.] US PHS, Med Affairs Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arnold, Michael C.; Wong, Paul A.; Schaeffer, James M.; Solanki, Sheetal] NIH, Commissioned Officers Dent Clin, Rockville, MD USA. [Wong, Paul A.] Off Special Populat Hlth Hlth Resources & Serv Ad, Rockville, MD USA. [Schaeffer, James M.] Indian Hlth Serv, Div Oral Hlth, Rockville, MD USA. [Dunn, William J.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Dunn, William J.] Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Dunn, William J.] Kessler Med Ctr, Dent Residency Program, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Kingman, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Clin Res Ctr, NIH, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM KingmanA@de45.nidr.nih.gov RI masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [HHSN-291-2005-55552]; Midwest Research Institute (Kansas City, Mo.) FX Analytical chemistry support for the study described in this article was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under contract HHSN-291-2005-55552 with Midwest Research Institute (Kansas City, Mo.). NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 143 IS 12 BP 1292 EP 1302 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 053NH UT WOS:000312279200011 PM 23204083 ER PT J AU Bales, K Washburn, J Bales, J AF Bales, Karrn Washburn, John Bales, James TI Breastfeeding Rates and Factors Related to Cessation in a Military Population SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WOMEN AB Evidence continues to accumulate showing the benefits of breastfeeding to infants, mothers, and society as a whole. However, breastfeeding success rates nationwide have consistently fallen short of recommendations set forth by the American Academy of Pediatrics. There are several potential barriers to successful breastfeeding, and many of these could be magnified in the demanding careers of military members and their families. We surveyed 254 women at a regional military medical facility, both active duty members and dependents of active duty members, regarding their ability to successfully breastfeed their infants. We found that American Academy of Pediatrics target goals in this population as a whole were indeed nearly met at this facility, but also found that active duty members and those who encountered military-related difficulty fell well short of these goals. These findings suggest potential barriers to breastfeeding success that warrant further study from the U.S. Department of Defense. C1 [Bales, Karrn] JKB Med Exams, Monument, CO USA. [Washburn, John] USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bales, James] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bales, J (reprint author), 18270 Bent Oak Lane, Monument, CO 80132 USA. EM jrtbales@gmail.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1089/bfm.2011.0113 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 054MP UT WOS:000312348200009 PM 23215908 ER PT J AU McGuire, SA Sherman, PM Brown, AC Robinson, AY Tate, DF Fox, PT Kochunov, PV AF McGuire, Stephen A. Sherman, Paul M. Brown, Anthony C. Robinson, Andrew Y. Tate, David F. Fox, Peter T. Kochunov, Peter V. TI Hyperintense White Matter Lesions in 50 High-Altitude Pilots With Neurologic Decompression Sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hyperintense white matter lesions; neurocognitive impairment; neurologic decompression sickness; high altitude; U-2 pilot ID PULSE-WAVE ENCEPHALOPATHY; NORMAL-PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS; ASYMPTOMATIC MILITARY DIVERS; SIGNAL HYPERINTENSITIES; CEREBRAL HEALTH; U-2 PILOTS; MRI; ABNORMALITIES; INDEXES; DISEASE AB MCGUIRE SA, SHERMAN PM, BROWN AC, ROBINSON AY, TATE DE, Fox PT, KOCHUNOV PV. Hyperintense white matter lesions in 50 high-altitude pilots with neurologic decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:1117-22. Introduction: Neurologic decompression sickness (NDCS) can affect high-altitude pilots, causing variable central nervous system symptoms. Five recent severe episodes prompted further investigation. Methods: We report the hyperintense white matter (HWM) lesion imaging findings in 50 U-2 pilot volunteers, and compare (2 U-2 pilots who experienced clinical NDCS to 38 U-2 pilots who did not. The imaging data were collected using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and high-resolution (1-mm isotropic) three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence. Whole-brain and regional lesion volume and number were compared between groups. Results: The NDCS group had significantly increased whole brain and insular volumes of HWM lesions. The intergroup difference in lesion numbers was not significant. Conclusion: A clinical episode of NDCS was associated with a significant increase in HWM lesion volume, especially in the insula. We postulate this to be due to hypobaric exposure rather than hypoxia since all pilots were maintained on 100% oxygen throughout the flight. Further studies will be necessary to better understand the pathophysiology underlying these lesions. C1 [McGuire, Stephen A.; Sherman, Paul M.; Brown, Anthony C.; Robinson, Andrew Y.; Tate, David F.; Fox, Peter T.; Kochunov, Peter V.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGuire, SA (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM smcguire@satx.rr.com RI Fox, Peter/B-4725-2010; Tate, David/I-3963-2013 OI Fox, Peter/0000-0002-0465-2028; FU United States Air Force Surgeon General grant [Log I-11-44]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering grant [K01 EB006395] FX This research was supported by a United States Air Force Surgeon General grant (Log I-11-44) to S.A.M. and a National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering grant (K01 EB006395) to P.V.K. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3395.2012 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049KK UT WOS:000311981700001 PM 23316539 ER PT J AU Hesselbrock, RR AF Hesselbrock, Roger R. TI Bi-Lateral Non-Traumatic Subdural Hematoma SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hesselbrock, RR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1186 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3551.2012 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049KK UT WOS:000311981700012 PM 23316550 ER PT J AU Swiatek, MS AF Swiatek, Mark S. TI Intending to err: the ethical challenge of lethal, autonomous systems SO ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biometrics; Lethal autonomy; Tolerance for error; Right intention AB Current precursors in the development of lethal, autonomous systems (LAS) point to the use of biometric devices for assessing, identifying, and verifying targets. The inclusion of biometric devices entails the use of a probabilistic matching program that requires the deliberate targeting of noncombatants as a statistically necessary function of the system. While the tactical employment of the LAS may be justified on the grounds that the deliberate killing of a smaller number of noncombatants is better than the accidental killing of a larger number, it may nonetheless contravene a reemerging conception of right intention. Originally framed by Augustine of Hippo, this lesser-known formulation has served as the foundation for chivalric code, canon law, jus in bello criteria, and the law of armed conflict. Thus it serves as a viable measure to determine whether the use of lethal autonomy would accord with these other laws and principles. Specifically, examinations of the LAS through the lenses of collateral damage, the principle of double effect, and the principle of proportionality, reveal the need for more attention to be paid to the moral issues now, so that the promise of this emerging technology-that it will perform better than human beings-might actually come to pass. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Swiatek, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 1A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mark.swiatek@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-1957 J9 ETHICS INF TECHNOL JI Ethics Inf. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10676-012-9302-1 PG 14 WC Ethics; Information Science & Library Science; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Information Science & Library Science; Philosophy GA 050SH UT WOS:000312073800001 ER PT J AU Satter, RM Cohen, T Ortiz, P Kahol, K Mackenzie, J Olson, C Johnson, M Patel, VL AF Satter, Rachel M. Cohen, Trevor Ortiz, Pierina Kahol, Kanav Mackenzie, James Olson, Carol Johnson, Mina Patel, Vimla L. TI Avatar-based simulation in the evaluation of diagnosis and management of mental health disorders in primary care SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Avatar(s); Simulation; Education; Training; Primary care; Major Depressive Disorder; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; VIRTUAL-REALITY; UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSION; PATIENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; KNOWLEDGE AB Major Depressive Disorder (MOD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent illnesses, but the literature suggests they are under-detected and suboptimally managed by primary care practitioners (PCPs). In this paper, we propose and use an evaluation method, using digitally simulated patients (avatars) to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning of PCPs and compared it to the traditional use of paper-based cases. Verbal (think-aloud) protocols were captured in the context of a diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning task. Propositional and semantic representational analysis of simulation data during evaluation, showed specific deficiencies in PCP reasoning, suggesting a promise of this technology in training and evaluation in mental health. Avatars are flexible and easily modifiable and are also a cost-effective and easy-to-disseminate educational tool. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Satter, Rachel M.; Ortiz, Pierina; Kahol, Kanav; Johnson, Mina] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cohen, Trevor] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Mackenzie, James] Banner Good Samaritan Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Olson, Carol] Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Patel, Vimla L.] New York Acad Med, Ctr Cognit Studies Med & Hlth, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Satter, RM (reprint author), 5107 Lahm Ct, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM Rsatter1@yahoo.com; vpatel@nyam.org FU Science Foundation Arizona [08101514] FX This research was supported by a grant from Science Foundation Arizona (08101514) to Vimla Patel. The authors wish to thank the physicians who volunteered their time for this study. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1532-0464 J9 J BIOMED INFORM JI J. Biomed. Inform. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.jbi.2012.07.009 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA 050KE UT WOS:000312051400010 PM 22884757 ER PT J AU Conner, KR McCarthy, MD Bajorska, A Caine, ED Tu, XM Knox, KL AF Conner, Kenneth R. McCarthy, Michael D. Bajorska, Alina Caine, Eric D. Tu, Xin M. Knox, Kerry L. TI Mood, Anxiety, and Substance-Use Disorders and Suicide Risk in a Military Population Cohort SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID AIR-FORCE; LONGITUDINAL REGISTERS; PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY; PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; COMPLETED SUICIDE; DEPRESSION; DENMARK; ADULTS; IMPACT AB There are meager prospective data from nonclinical samples on the link between anxiety disorders and suicide or the extent to which the association varies over time. We examined these issues in a cohort of 309,861 U.S. Air Force service members, with 227 suicides over follow-up. Mental disorder diagnoses including anxiety, mood, and substance-use disorders (SUD) were based on treatment encounters. Risk for suicide associated with anxiety disorders were lower compared with mood disorders and similar to SUD. Moreover, the associations between mood and anxiety disorders with suicide were greatest within a year of treatment presentation. C1 [Conner, Kenneth R.; Caine, Eric D.; Knox, Kerry L.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Conner, Kenneth R.; Caine, Eric D.; Knox, Kerry L.] Canandaigua VA Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Suicide Prevent VISN2, Canandaigua, NY USA. [McCarthy, Michael D.] USAF, AF Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Bajorska, Alina] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Tu, Xin M.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Conner, KR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM kenneth_conner@urmc.rochester.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH075017, R01 MH075017-01A1] NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 42 IS 6 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00125.x PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 051MR UT WOS:000312131900009 PM 23094649 ER PT J AU Kelecy, T Jah, M DeMars, K AF Kelecy, Thomas Jah, Moriba DeMars, Kyle TI Application of a Multiple Hypothesis Filter to near CEO high area-to-mass ratio space objects state estimation SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Estimation; Orbital debris; Conjunction assessment AB Optical surveys have identified a class of high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects in the vicinity of the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) regime. The nature of these objects is not well known, though their proximity to the GEO belt implies origins from space objects (SOs) near GEO. These HAMR objects pose a collision hazard as they transit through the vicinity of active GEO satellites. Due to their high area-to-mass ratios (AMRs), ranging from 0.1 to 20 m(2)/kg and higher, the effective solar radiation pressure perturbs their orbits significantly. Improvements in detection sensitivity will result in large numbers of uncorrelated tracks from surveys. A Multiple Hypothesis Filter (MHF) approach to the initial state estimation and track association provides a potentially automated and efficient approach to the processing of multiple un-correlated tracks. The availability of long-term optical angles data collected for a set of near GEO HAMR objects provides the means for testing candidate estimation processes such as the MHF. A baseline orbit determination (OD) process uses an Extended Kalman Filter/Smoother to manually estimate the 6 orbital elements and the effective area-to-mass ratio (AMR) which drives the solar radiation pressure perturbations on the orbital trajectories. In addition to allowing the characterization of the long-term behavior of the AMR, this process establishes a pseudo-truth trajectory to which the MHF analysis can be compared. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is applied in the MHF estimation process to estimate the 6 orbital elements and AMR, with no a priori state assumptions, and the results are compared to the pseudo-truth results for validation. The work to be presented summarizes the UKF/MHF process and assesses state estimation performance based on selected data for selected near GEO HAMR objects having a range of AMR value and variations. The prediction accuracy is also assessed by comparing predictions derived from filter updates to segments of the pseudo-truth trajectory determined from data not included in the updates. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelecy, Thomas] Boeing Co, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Jah, Moriba] USAF, GN&C Grp AFRL RV, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kelecy, T (reprint author), Boeing Co, 5555 Tech Ctr Dr,Suite 400, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM thomas.m.kelecy@boeing.com; moriba.jah.1@us.af.mil; demars.kyle@gmail.com NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 81 IS 2 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.08.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 042JJ UT WOS:000311467200006 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Lott, GE Perram, GP AF Rice, Christopher A. Lott, Gordon E. Perram, Glen P. TI Open-path atmospheric transmission for a diode-pumped cesium laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; VAPOR LASER; MU-M; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; CS LASER; H2O; SPECTROMETER; HYGROMETER; TDLAS AB A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy device was developed to study atmospheric propagation for emerging high-energy laser weapons. The cesium diode-pumped alkali laser operates near 895 nm in the vicinity of several water-vapor absorption lines. Temperature, pressure, and water vapor concentration were determined for 150 m and 1 km open paths with statistical errors of similar to 0.2%. Comparison with meteorological instruments yields agreement for the 1 km path to within 0.6% for temperature, 3.7% for pressure, and 2.4% for concentration. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Rice, Christopher A.; Lott, Gordon E.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM crice@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) supported this work. Monte Anderson generously provided the model for pressure-broadened Cs D1 lines. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 34 BP 8102 EP 8110 DI 10.1364/AO.51.008102 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 048DC UT WOS:000311889400007 PM 23207380 ER PT J AU Chen, F Cao, YC Ren, W AF Chen, Fei Cao, Yongcan Ren, Wei TI Distributed Average Tracking of Multiple Time-Varying Reference Signals With Bounded Derivatives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Distributed average tracking; multiagent system; non-smooth system; switching topology ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; MOTION COORDINATION; CONSENSUS PROBLEMS; REFERENCE VELOCITY; NETWORKS; TOPOLOGY; LEADER; DESIGN; AGENTS AB We present a distributed discontinuous control algorithm for a team of agents to track the average of multiple time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives. We use tools from nonsmooth analysis to analyze the stability of the system. For time-invariant undirected connected network topologies, we prove that the states of all agents will converge to the average of the time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives in finite time provided that the control gain is properly chosen. The validity of this result is also established for scenarios with switching undirected connected network topologies. For time-invariant directed network topologies with a directed spanning tree, we show that all agents will still reach a consensus in finite time, but the convergent value is generally not the average of the time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives. Simulation examples are presented to show the validity of the above results. C1 [Chen, Fei] Xiamen Univ, Dept Automat, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Cao, Yongcan] USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ren, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Automat, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM feichen@xmu.edu.cn; yongcan.cao@gmail.com; ren@ee.ucr.edu RI Ren, Wei/G-7369-2011; OI Ren, Wei/0000-0002-2818-9752; Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 FU National Science Foundation [EECS-1213295]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61104018, 61104151, 61120106010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2011121053]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation by grant EECS-1213295, the National Natural Science Foundation of China by Grants 61104018, 61104151, and Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project Grant 61120106010, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities by Grant 2011121053, and a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Recommended by Associate Editor J. Cortes. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3169 EP 3174 DI 10.1109/TAC.2012.2199176 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 046VY UT WOS:000311793700017 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Delay, SH Roddy, PA Sutton, EK Stoneback, R AF Huang, Cheryl Y. Delay, Susan H. Roddy, Patrick A. Sutton, Eric K. Stoneback, R. TI Longitudinal structures in the equatorial ionosphere during deep solar minimum SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES-II TG4 Workshop on Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere-Ionosphere System CY FEB 14-18, 2011 CL Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Atmospher Phys, Dept Aeronomy (IAP ASCR), Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeronomy (IAGA), Int Commiss Middle Atmosphere (ICMA), Sci Comm Solar-Terrestrial Phys (SCOSTEP), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Int Union Radio Sci (URSI) HO Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Atmospher Phys, Dept Aeronomy (IAP ASCR) DE Equatorial ionosphere; Irregularities; Tides; Thermosphere; Broad plasma decreases ID LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; TIDES AB The plasma densities detected by the Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite have been analyzed in detail from launch in April 2008 through December 2009 period. The initial period just after launch which corresponds to one of the quietest periods in the space era, exhibited broad plasma decreases (BPDs) which we have reported previously. In order to treat the data quantitatively, we have detrended the PLP data by using the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model to remove variations in density due to changes in spacecraft altitude and latitude along the orbit. In this paper we present results of a statistical analysis of C/NOFS detrended plasma densities as well as neutral densities from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measured during the same period. The results show periodic structures in both charged and neutral species, most evident in limited local times. These structures resemble wave-4 nonmigrating tides. BPDs persist in the detrended data and appear as one of the minima in the longitudinal signatures, most strikingly on the nightside. Statistical averages of meridional velocities from the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM), also on C/NOFS, during the same period shows that the locations of BPDs coincide with measurements of large downward-directed velocities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, Cheryl Y.; Roddy, Patrick A.; Sutton, Eric K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Delay, Susan H.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Stoneback, R.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 570, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cheryl.huang@us.af.mil RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016; OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189; Stoneback, Russell/0000-0001-7216-4336 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 90-91 SI SI BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.04.012 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044BR UT WOS:000311594900018 ER PT J AU Evans, JW Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Evans, Jonathan W. Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. TI 840 mW continuous-wave Fe:ZnSe laser operating at 4140 nm SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZNSE AB We report the demonstration of high-power (840 mW) continuous-wave laser oscillation from Fe2+ ions in zinc selenide. The output spectrum of the Fe: ZnSe laser had a line-center near 4140 nm with a linewidth of 80 nm. The beam quality was measured to be M-2 <= 1.2 with a maximum slope efficiency of 47%. Small shifts observed in output wavelength with increased output power were attributed to thermal effects. No thermal roll-off of slope efficiency was observed at the maximum of output power. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Evans, Jonathan W.; Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.evans@wpafb.af.mil RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Sensors Directorate FX We acknowledge and thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Sensors Directorate for funding this research. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 23 BP 5021 EP 5023 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 048WM UT WOS:000311943900072 PM 23330210 ER PT J AU Bolt, PJ AF Bolt, Paul J. TI PAST AND PRESENT IN CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY: From "Tribute System" to "Peaceful Rise." SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bolt, Paul J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bolt, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PACIFIC AFFAIRS UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA #164-1855 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 BP 799 EP 801 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 046KZ UT WOS:000311765200010 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Glarborg, C Ross, MA AF McFarland, Michael J. Glarborg, Christen Ross, Mark A. TI Chemical Treatment of Chelated Metal Finishing Wastes SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chelating substances; heavy metals; metal finishing; electroplating; toxicity ID WATER AB This study evaluated two chemical approaches for treatment of commingled cadmium-cyanide (Cd-CN) and zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) wastewaters. The first approach, which involved application of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), focused on elimination of chelating substances. The second approach evaluated the use of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) to specifically target and precipitate regulated heavy metals. Results demonstrated that by maintaining a pH of 10.0 and an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value of +600 mV, NaOCl treatment was effective in eliminating all chelating substances. Cadmium, chromium, nickel, and zinc solution concentrations were reduced from 0.27, 4.44, 0.06, and 0.10 ppm to 0.16, 0.17, 0.03, and 0.06 ppm, respectively. Similarly, a 1% DMDTC solution reduced these same metal concentrations in commingled wastewater to 0.009, 1.142, 0.036, and 0.320 ppm. Increasing the DMDTC concentration to 2% improved the removal of all regulated heavy metals except zinc, the removal of which at high pH values is limited by its amphotericity. Water Environ. Res., 84, 2086 (2012). C1 [McFarland, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Glarborg, Christen; Ross, Mark A.] Hill AFB, Civil Engn Squadron 75, N Davis, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 84 IS 12 BP 2086 EP 2089 DI 10.2175/106143012X13373575831277 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 048WB UT WOS:000311942800002 PM 23342939 ER PT J AU Molina, DK Clarkson, A Farley, KL Farley, NJ AF Molina, D. Kimberley Clarkson, Arthur Farley, Katherine L. Farley, Norma J. TI A Review of Blunt Force Injury Homicides of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in Bexar County, Texas, From 1988 to 2009 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE blunt force injury; child; pediatric; head trauma; forensic; medicolegal; chest trauma; abdominal trauma; shaken baby syndrome; subdural hematoma ID SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; YOUNGER; ABUSE AB It is essential that clinical physicians, medical personnel, medical examiners, and law enforcement agencies understand the types of injuries seen and demographics of children affected by intentional blunt force as this understanding can be crucial to the death and/or criminal investigations. An understanding of the injuries can also assist in drawing conclusions regarding how those injuries could have been sustained. This study discusses the types and patterns of injuries seen in blunt force homicides in children younger than 6 years. The study found that male infants are more often intentionally injured than are female infants and that fatal head injuries most frequently occur in the first year of life, whereas most fatal thoracoabdominal injuries occur in the first 3 years of life. In children with head injuries, subdural hemorrhage was the most common finding, followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage. In 2.5% of deaths due to head injury, concurrent neck injury was seen, a percentage far lower than previous literature would suggest if shaking was the primary mechanism of injury. Twelve legal confessions were also reviewed, none of which disclosed a pure mechanism of shaking the infant. C1 [Molina, D. Kimberley] Bexar Cty Med Examiners Off, San Antonio, TX USA. [Clarkson, Arthur] Brooks Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Clarkson, Arthur] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. [Farley, Katherine L.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Farley, Norma J.] Valley Forens, Harlingen, TX USA. RP Molina, DK (reprint author), Bexar Cty Med Examiners Off, San Antonio, TX USA. EM kmolina@bexar.org NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 33 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31821a88c4 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 041TK UT WOS:000311423900019 PM 21540721 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, KA Guitron, J Hanseman, DJ Williams, V Starnes, SL AF Rodriguez, Kelcie A. Guitron, Julian Hanseman, Dennis J. Williams, Valerie Starnes, Sandra L. TI Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Age-Related Biases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VINORELBINE PLUS CISPLATIN; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; POPULATION; RESECTION; OUTCOMES; EDITION; TRIAL AB Background. Five-year survival for early-stage lung cancer despite complete surgical resection is approximately 50%. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in some patients. Older cancer patients do not always receive standard therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were age-related biases concerning the use of adjuvant chemotherapy after lobectomy for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. A prospective lung cancer outcomes database was queried for all patients undergoing lobectomy for NSCLC pathologic stage IB and higher between April 2006 and October 2010. Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment or who died within 30 days of operation were excluded. Ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on age (< 70 or >= 70 years). The use of adjuvant chemotherapy was compared between groups. Results. Sixty-nine patients (70%) were younger than 70 years and 30 (30%) were 70 years or older. There was a significant difference in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy between the 2 groups, with 46 (66.7%) of the younger patients and 7 (25%) of the elderly patients receiving adjuvant treatment (p < 0.01). The difference persisted when analyzed by stage, with older patients less likely to receive chemotherapy among all patients with stage IB disease, stage II or more advanced disease, and stage IB lesions greater than or equal to 4 cm plus stage II or more advanced disease. In multivariate analysis of preoperative and postoperative factors, age remained the only independent predictor of chemotherapy use. Conclusions. Patients undergoing lobectomy who were 70 years of age or older received adjuvant chemotherapy less often than did younger patients. (Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1810-4) (c) 2012 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons C1 [Starnes, Sandra L.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Thorac Surg, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cincinnati Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Dept Surg, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Starnes, SL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Thorac Surg, Dept Surg, 231 Albert B Sabin Way,POB 670558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM sandra.starnes@uc.edu FU Medical Student Training in Aging Research (MSTAR) Grant FX This work was funded by a Medical Student Training in Aging Research (MSTAR) Grant. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1810 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.08.075 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 041XW UT WOS:000311436300015 PM 23103001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XR Wang, W Zhao, Y Hu, X Reinhardt, K Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Zhang, X. R. Wang, W. Zhao, Y. Hu, X. Reinhardt, K. Knize, R. J. Lu, Yalin TI Temperature-agile and structure-tunable optical properties of VO2/Ag thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION AB By integrating together VO2's unique near-room-temperature (RT) semiconductor-metal (S-M) phase transition with a thin silver (Ag) layer's plasmonic properties, VO2/Ag multilayers could present a much enhanced optical transmission change when increasing the temperature from RT to over VO2's S-M phase-transition temperature. Changing VO2 and Ag layer thicknesses can also significantly tune their transmission and absorption properties, which could lead to a few useful designs in optoelectronic and energy-saving industries. C1 [Zhang, X. R.; Hu, X.; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, W.; Zhao, Y.; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reinhardt, K.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Knize, R. J.; Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is greatly appreciated. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 109 IS 4 BP 845 EP 849 DI 10.1007/s00339-012-7351-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 042ZV UT WOS:000311512700014 ER PT J AU O'Hara, RP Palazotto, AN AF O'Hara, R. P. Palazotto, A. N. TI The morphological characterization of the forewing of the Manduca sexta species for the application of biomimetic flapping wing micro air vehicles SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID INSECT WINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DESIGN; FLIGHT AB To properly model the structural dynamics of the forewing of the Manduca sexta species, it is critical that the material and structural properties of the biological specimen be understood. This paper presents the results of a morphological study that has been conducted to identify the material and structural properties of a sample of male and female Manduca sexta specimens. The average mass, area, shape, size and camber of the wing were evaluated using novel measurement techniques. Further emphasis is placed on studying the critical substructures of the wing: venation and membrane. The venation cross section is measured using detailed pathological techniques over the entire venation of the wing. The elastic modulus of the leading edge veins is experimentally determined using advanced non-contact structural dynamic techniques. The membrane elastic modulus is randomly sampled over the entire wing to determine global material properties for the membrane using nanoindentation. The data gathered from this morphological study form the basis for the replication of future finite element structural models and engineered biomimetic wings for use with flapping wing micro air vehicles. C1 [O'Hara, R. P.; Palazotto, A. N.] USAF, Inst Technol ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45458 USA. RP O'Hara, RP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45458 USA. EM ryan.ohara@afit.edu; anthony.palazotto@afit.edu FU AFOSR FX The authors would like to thank Dr Mark Willis and Jennifer Avondet from Case Western University, for the gracious support of this research. Through their aid, the Manduca sexta specimens for this study were obtained from their Manduca sexta colony. The authors also thank Dr Douglas Smith, AFOSR, for financial support of this research. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 046011 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/7/4/046011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 041XI UT WOS:000311434800014 PM 23093001 ER PT J AU Biko, DM Miller, AL Ho-Fung, V Jaramillo, D AF Biko, D. M. Miller, A. L. Ho-Fung, V. Jaramillo, D. TI MRI of congenital and developmental abnormalities of the knee SO CLINICAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DYSPLASIA-EPIPHYSEALIS HEMIMELICA; DISCOID LATERAL MENISCUS; FEMORAL FOCAL DEFICIENCY; NAIL-PATELLA SYNDROME; GAUCHER-DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; APPEARANCE; CHILDREN; BONE AB The knee joint is the one of the most common locations for congenital and developmental musculoskeletal abnormalities. Initial imaging of the knee joint should always begin with conventional radiographs. However, evaluation of the bone marrow, cartilaginous, ligamentous, and other soft-tissue components of the knee joint are better characterized with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present the MRI findings of prevalent congenital and developmental abnormalities in the paediatric knee with particular emphasis on the components of the growing skeleton. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists. C1 [Biko, D. M.] USAF, MAJ, Dept Radiol, Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Biko, D. M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Miller, A. L.] Childrens Hosp Colorado, Dept Radiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Ho-Fung, V.; Jaramillo, D.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Biko, DM (reprint author), USAF, MAJ, Dept Radiol, Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM david.biko@med.navy.mil NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0009-9260 J9 CLIN RADIOL JI Clin. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1198 EP 1206 DI 10.1016/j.crad.2012.03.012 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 044YO UT WOS:000311661300011 PM 22608704 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Soukiassian, P Boeckl, J AF Lu, Weijie Soukiassian, Patrick Boeckl, John TI Graphene: Fundamentals and functionalities SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB Graphene came to the forefront in the nanosciences in the early 2000s, in particular, when high-quality graphene with atomic thickness and two-dimensional extension in the micrometer range was isolated and the resulting novel electronic properties were demonstrated. Graphene has two unique features: lateral size up to tens of micrometers or larger and quantum confinement in an atomically thin sheet. It provides an excellent platform for exploring novel material properties, designing new materials, and enhancing material performance. Now, after extensive research for nearly a decade, graphene research has moved well beyond electronic applications and has begun to extend into a wide variety of disciplines. This expanded issue of MRS Bulletin is focused on graphene and consists of 20 articles and three commentaries that collectively address the major impact of graphene on materials science, highlight the newest advances, discuss challenging issues, explore applications, and reveal future directions. C1 [Lu, Weijie; Boeckl, John] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soukiassian, Patrick] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Soukiassian, Patrick] CEA Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Saclay, France. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM weijie.lu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; patrick.soukiassian@cea.fr; john.boeckl@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX We thank Steven C. Moss (The Aerospace Corporation) and Paul S. Drzaic (Apple Inc.) for helpful discussions. W.L. and J.B. acknowledge support from AFOSR (Charles Lee). NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 41 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.279 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 042SS UT WOS:000311491900001 ER PT J AU Pop, E Varshney, V Roy, AK AF Pop, Eric Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. TI Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; PILLARED-GRAPHENE; MONOLAYER GRAPHITE; PHONON-DISPERSION; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; NANOSTRUCTURE; RECTIFICATION AB Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with over 100-fold anisotropy of heat flow between the in-plane and out-of-plane directions. High in-plane thermal conductivity is due to covalent sp(2) bonding between carbon atoms, whereas out-of-plane heat flow is limited by weak van der Waals coupling. Herein, we review the thermal properties of graphene, including its specific heat and thermal conductivity (from diffusive to ballistic limits) and the influence of substrates, defects, and other atomic modifications. We also highlight practical applications in which the thermal properties of graphene play a role. For instance, graphene transistors and interconnects benefit from the high in-plane thermal conductivity, up to a certain channel length. However, weak thermal coupling with substrates implies that interfaces and contacts remain significant dissipation bottlenecks. Heat flow in graphene or graphene composites could also be tunable through a variety of means, including phonon scattering by substrates, edges, or interfaces. Ultimately, the unusual thermal properties of graphene stem from its 2D nature, forming a rich playground for new discoveries of heat-flow physics and potentially leading to novel thermal management applications. C1 [Pop, Eric] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pop, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM epop@illinois.edu; vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil RI Pop, Eric/A-9475-2009 OI Pop, Eric/0000-0003-0436-8534 FU AFOSR; ARO; Nanotechnology Research Initiative (NRI); AFOSR [AFOSR Task 2302BR7P, AFOSR Task 2306CR9P] FX E.P. acknowledges assistance from Zuanyi Li, Andrey Serov, Pierre Martin, Ning Wang, Albert Liao, Changwook Jeong, and Mark Lundstrom, as well as funding from the AFOSR Young Investigator Program (YIP) award, the ARO Presidential Early Career (PECASE) award, and the Nanotechnology Research Initiative (NRI). V.V. and A.K.R. acknowledge Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee (AFOSR Task 2302BR7P) and Dr. Joycelyn Harrison (AFOSR Task 2306CR9P) for funding from AFOSR. NR 98 TC 295 Z9 298 U1 32 U2 307 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1273 EP 1281 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.203 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 042SS UT WOS:000311491900016 ER PT J AU Bales, J Bales, K AF Bales, James Bales, Karrn TI Swimming Overuse Injuries Associated With Triathlon Training SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE triathlon; overuse injury; swimming; impingement; glenohumeral instability; rotator cuff tendinitis ID PAINFUL SHOULDER; LONG HEAD; SWIMMERS; BICEPS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; ILLNESSES; TENDON AB Most triathlon overuse injuries occur due to the running and cycling aspects of the sport. By nature of swimming being a non weight-bearing sport, triathletes have a tendency to use swimming for rehabilitation and recovery. Swimming has a significantly lower injury rate than the other 2 disciplines in a triathlon. Most triathletes use the freestyle stroke, because it is typically the first stroke learned, it is for many the fastest stroke, and by lifting the head the freestyle stroke allows triathletes to sight their direction, which is important in open water swimming. During the freestyle stroke, the shoulder undergoes repetitive overhead motion, and shoulder pain is the most common and well-documented site of musculoskeletal pain in competitive swimmers. It is felt that the pathologic process is attributable to repetitive overhead motion causing microtrauma in the shoulder from either mechanical impingement or generalized laxity or both. Without sufficient rest and recovery, the development of inflammation and pain may result. Depending on the age of the triathlete and the exact etiology of the shoulder pain, treatment options range from nonsurgical to surgical in nature. C1 [Bales, James] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bales, Karrn] JKB Med Exams, Monument, CO USA. RP Bales, J (reprint author), 18270 Bent Oak Lane, Monument, CO 80132 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 86 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 042NB UT WOS:000311476800002 PM 23147088 ER PT J AU Bales, J Bales, K AF Bales, James Bales, Karrn TI Training on a Knife's Edge: How to Balance Triathlon Training to Prevent Overuse Injuries SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE triathlon; overuse injury; overtraining; swimming; biking; running ID MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; ADAPTATION; SPORTS AB The sport of triathlon offers athletes the chance to build and/or maintain cardiovascular fitness across 3 endurance disciplines. Swimming, biking, and running each have a host of overuse injuries that can occur as a result of overtraining. High running mileage, a history of previous injury, inadequate warm up or cool down, and an increase in the years of triathlon experience are a few of the factors that have been linked to triathlon overuse injuries. Early identification of overtraining symptoms and a corresponding reallocation of balance between each discipline, perhaps with an emphasis on increasing swimming, may help prevent many overuse injuries. C1 [Bales, James] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bales, Karrn] JKB Med Exams, Monument, CO USA. RP Bales, J (reprint author), 18270 Bent Oak Lane, Monument, CO 80132 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 29 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 214 EP 216 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 042NB UT WOS:000311476800005 PM 23147091 ER PT J AU Bales, J Bales, K AF Bales, James Bales, Karrn TI Triathlon: How to Mentally Prepare for the Big Race SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE triathlon; mental preparation; swim; biking; run; race tactics ID PERFORMANCE; PSYCHOLOGY AB With the mastery of 3 sports required, a triathlon can be a daunting mental challenge. Some liken a triathlon to a physical game of chess. A triathlete must mentally assess their physical ability across 3 sports against their competitors, the environment, and, most of all, themselves. The mental preparation required for a triathlon is often minimized, but its importance should not be underestimated. Appropriate mental planning should be carried out during training. The need for nutrition, race planning, visualization, imaging, and possible changes in conditions should all be anticipated. Anxiousness at the start of the event is normal, but this energy needs to be channeled appropriately, or it can be detrimental. Athletes who arrive at race day with a sound mental strategy typically perform better. C1 [Bales, James] US AF Acad, Monument, CO 80132 USA. [Bales, Karrn] JKB Med Exams, Monument, CO USA. RP Bales, J (reprint author), US AF Acad, 18270 Bent Oak Lane, Monument, CO 80132 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 47 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 217 EP 219 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 042NB UT WOS:000311476800006 PM 23147092 ER PT J AU Fairchild, S Cahay, M Murray, PT Grazulis, L Wu, X Poitras, D Lockwood, DJ AF Fairchild, S. Cahay, M. Murray, P. T. Grazulis, L. Wu, X. Poitras, D. Lockwood, D. J. TI Grain size, texture, and crystallinity in lanthanum monosulfide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Pulsed laser deposition; X-ray diffraction; Transmission electron microscopy; Atomic force microscopy; Raman spectroscopy ID FIELD-EMISSION AB We report a detailed investigation of the growth of lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) thin films by pulsed laser deposition on (001) magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates in a background of H2S for the purpose of optimizing their crystallinity, texture, and grain size. A variety of films were grown while varying the laser repetition rate, the temperature of the substrate, and the partial pressure of H2S. The thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Films grown at 500 degrees C with a H2S background pressure of 3.4x10(-4) Pa and a laser repetition rate of 8 Hz produced the LaS film with the largest grains whose size averaged 293 nm. The XRD pattern of these films revealed that their orientation was predominantly (200). AFM images of the surface of these films showed large plate-like grains. This contrasts with the fine grain structure observed in LaS films grown at a lower substrate temperature and lower H2S pressure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fairchild, S.; Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Murray, P. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wu, X.; Poitras, D.; Lockwood, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Fairchild, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fairchild@wpafb.af.mil OI Poitras, Daniel/0000-0003-4403-8214 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 524 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.10.022 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 041OE UT WOS:000311410300027 ER PT J AU Schaaf, CP Boone, PM Sampath, S Williams, C Bader, PI Mueller, JM Shchelochkov, OA Brown, CW Crawford, HP Phalen, JA Tartaglia, NR Evans, P Campbell, WM Tsai, ACH Parsley, L Grayson, SW Scheuerle, A Luzzi, CD Thomas, SK Eng, PA Kang, SHL Patel, A Stankiewicz, P Cheung, SW AF Schaaf, Christian P. Boone, Philip M. Sampath, Srirangan Williams, Charles Bader, Patricia I. Mueller, Jennifer M. Shchelochkov, Oleg A. Brown, Chester W. Crawford, Heather P. Phalen, James A. Tartaglia, Nicole R. Evans, Patricia Campbell, William M. Tsai, Anne Chun-Hui Parsley, Lea Grayson, Stephanie W. Scheuerle, Angela Luzzi, Carol D. Thomas, Sandra K. Eng, Patricia A. Kang, Sung-Hae L. Patel, Ankita Stankiewicz, Pawel Cheung, Sau W. TI Phenotypic spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations of NRXN1 exon deletions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE neurexin 1; intellectual disability; epilepsy; macrocephaly; genotype-phenotype correlation ID GENOME-WIDE; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; CELL-ADHESION; GENES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ASSOCIATION; DISRUPTION; DISORDER; CNVS AB Copy number variants (CNVs) and intragenic rearrangements of the NRXN1 (neurexin 1) gene are associated with a wide spectrum of developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including intellectual disability, speech delay, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), hypotonia and schizophrenia. We performed a detailed clinical and molecular characterization of 24 patients who underwent clinical microarray analysis and had intragenic deletions of NRXN1. Seventeen of these deletions involved exons of NRXN1, whereas seven deleted intronic sequences only. The patients with exonic deletions manifested developmental delay/intellectual disability (93%), infantile hypotonia (59%) and ASDs (56%). Congenital malformations and dysmorphic features appeared infrequently and inconsistently among this population of patients with NRXN1 deletions. The more C-terminal deletions, including those affecting the beta isoform of neurexin 1, manifested increased head size and a high frequency of seizure disorder (88%) when compared with N-terminal deletions of NRXN1. European Journal of Human Genetics (2012) 20, 1240-1247; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.95; published online 23 May 2012 C1 [Schaaf, Christian P.; Boone, Philip M.; Sampath, Srirangan; Brown, Chester W.; Crawford, Heather P.; Eng, Patricia A.; Kang, Sung-Hae L.; Patel, Ankita; Stankiewicz, Pawel; Cheung, Sau W.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Williams, Charles; Mueller, Jennifer M.] Univ Florida, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Metab, Gainesville, FL USA. [Bader, Patricia I.] Genet Ctr, Parkview Hlth Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Shchelochkov, Oleg A.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Phalen, James A.] USAF, Dev Pediat Serv, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Tartaglia, Nicole R.; Campbell, William M.; Tsai, Anne Chun-Hui; Parsley, Lea] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Evans, Patricia] Univ Texas SW, Div Pediat Neurol, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX USA. [Grayson, Stephanie W.] Kaiser Permanente, Lafayette, CO USA. [Scheuerle, Angela] Tesserae Genet, Dallas, TX USA. [Luzzi, Carol D.] Mem Behav & Dev Pediat, South Bend, IN USA. [Thomas, Sandra K.] Childrens Hlth Ctr, Marble Falls, TX USA. [Stankiewicz, Pawel] Inst Mother & Child Hlth, Dept Med Genet, Warsaw, Poland. RP Cheung, SW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza,BCM 225, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM scheung@bcm.edu OI Boone, Philip/0000-0001-9528-252X NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1240 EP 1247 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2012.95 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 038GT UT WOS:000311163900006 PM 22617343 ER PT J AU Noe, GT Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Sanders, GD Stanton, CJ Kono, J AF Noe, G. T. Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Sanders, G. D. Stanton, C. J. Kono, J. TI Coherent phonon dynamics in short-period InAs/GaSb superlattices SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices; Coherent phonons; Infrared detectors ID ACOUSTIC PHONONS; QUANTUM-WELLS; OSCILLATION AB We have performed ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy studies on a series of InAs/GaSb-based short-period superlattice (SL) samples with periods ranging from 46 angstrom to 71 angstrom. We observe two types of oscillations in the differential reflectivity with fast (similar to 1-2 ps) and slow (similar to 24 ps) periods. The period of the fast oscillations changes with the SL period and can be explained as coherent acoustic phonons generated from carriers photoexcited within the SL. This mode provides an alternative method for determining the SL period. The period of the slow mode depends on the wavelength of the probe pulse and can be understood as a propagating coherent phonon wavepacket modulating the reflectivity of the probe pulse as it travels from the surface into the sample. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Noe, G. T.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Noe, G. T.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Noe, G. T.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sanders, G. D.; Stanton, C. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-2-5061]; National Science Foundation [EEC-0540832, OISE-0968405, DMR-1105437] FX This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-07-2-5061. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation through Grants EEC-0540832, OISE-0968405 and DMR-1105437. We thank the Aspen Center for Physics where part of this work was performed. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2012.08.010 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 036IS UT WOS:000311020200003 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, Jeanne T. TI Outnumbered, Outgunned, Undeterred: Twenty Battles Against All Odds SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 [Heidler, Jeanne T.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0018-2370 EI 1540-6563 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 907 EP 909 PG 3 WC History SC History GA V30UB UT WOS:000208839800077 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. TI A Theory of Low Eccentricity Earth Satellite Motion SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Earth satellite motion is considered from the point of view of periodic orbits and Floquet theory in the Earth's zonal potential field. Periodic orbits in the zonal potential are nearly circular, except near the critical inclination. The local linear solution near the periodic orbit includes two degenerate modes that locally mirror the global invariance to time and nodal rotation, at least in the zonal potential. Since the Earth's oblateness is included in the periodic orbit, perturbations generally begin at one part in 10(5), not one part in 10(3). Perturbations to the periodic orbit are calculated for sectoral and tesseral potential terms, for air drag, and for third body effects. The one free oscillatory mode of the periodic orbit is the eccentricity / argument of perigee analogues, and this can be extended past the first order in small quantities. There results a compact, purely numerical set of algorithms that may rival numerical integration in their accuracy, but have the usual "general perturbations" advantage of calculation directly at the time of interest, without having to perform a long propagation. C1 US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM w.wiesel@sbcglobal.net FU Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RV FX The author wishes to gratefully acknowledge the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RV. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 4 BP 629 EP 649 DI 10.1007/s40295-014-0007-z PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V35BH UT WOS:000209125500002 ER PT J AU Allgeier, SE Fitz-Coy, NG Erwin, RS AF Allgeier, Shawn E. Fitz-Coy, Norman G. Erwin, R. Scott TI Position Extrema in Keplerian Relative Motion: A Grobner Basis Approach SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Relative motion; Motion extrema; Grobner basis; Satellite proximity operations AB This paper analyzes the relative motion between two spacecraft in orbit. Specifically, the paper provides bounds for relative spacecraft position-based measures which impact spacecraft formation-flight mission design and analysis. Previous efforts have provided bounds for the separation distance between two spacecraft. This paper presents a methodology for bounding the local vertical, horizontal, and cross track components of the relative position vector in a spacecraft centered, rotating reference frame. Three metrics are derived and a methodology for bounding them is presented. The solution of the extremal equations for the metrics is formulated as an affine variety and obtained using a Grobner basis reduction. No approximations are utilized and the only assumption is that the two spacecraft are in bound Keplerian orbits. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. The metrics have utility to the mission designer of formation flight architectures, with relevance to Earth observation constellations. C1 [Allgeier, Shawn E.] ATA Aerosp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Fitz-Coy, Norman G.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Allgeier, SE (reprint author), ATA Aerosp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM shawn@periselenium.org NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 4 BP 706 EP 725 DI 10.1007/s40295-014-0011-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V35BH UT WOS:000209125500005 ER PT J AU McDonald, NR Bishop, SM Briggs, BD Van Nostrand, JE Cady, NC AF McDonald, N. R. Bishop, S. M. Briggs, B. D. Van Nostrand, J. E. Cady, N. C. TI Influence of the plasma oxidation power on the switching properties of Al/CuxO/Cu memristive devices SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Plasma oxidation; CuxO; Memristive device; Complete nonpolar switching ID NONVOLATILE MEMORY APPLICATION; RESISTIVE MEMORY; METAL-OXIDES; CUXO FILMS AB In this study, CuxO memristive devices have been fabricated that exhibited the unique property of complete nonpolar switching behavior. Complete nonpolar switching is not frequently reported in memritisve devices, rather a single bipolar and unipolar curve is reported. The CuxO was created via plasma oxidation under varying reactive ion etch (RIE) power levels, ranging from 100 to 300 W. The resulting CuxO thin films ranged in thickness from 40 nm to 620 nm as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses also indicated that the Cu:O atomic ratios of these films increased from 1:1 to 3:2 with increasing RIE power. The SET and RESET voltages were +/- 2-3 V and +/-\0.3-0.7 V. respectively. High to low resistance state ratios up to 4,000 were observed and demonstrated dependence upon both oxide thickness and oxygen concentration. An analysis of the current conduction in the high and low resistance states is also given. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McDonald, N. R.; Van Nostrand, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [McDonald, N. R.; Bishop, S. M.; Briggs, B. D.; Cady, N. C.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP McDonald, NR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site,525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM nathan.mcdonald@rl.af.mil NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 SI SI BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2012.06.007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 013OB UT WOS:000309313600009 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Gross, ME Matson, DW Bennett, WD Bonham, CC Ustinov, AI Ballard, DL AF Semiatin, S. L. Gross, M. E. Matson, D. W. Bennett, W. D. Bonham, C. C. Ustinov, A. I. Ballard, D. L. TI Microstructure Evolution and Composition Control During the Processing of Thin-Gage Metallic Foil SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; AMORPHOUS TIAL SHEET; CRYSTALLIZATION; COATINGS; ALLOY; FILMS AB The manufacture of thin-gage superalloy and gamma-titanium-aluminide foil products via near-conventional thermomechanical processing and two different vapor-deposition methods was investigated. Thermomechanical processing was based on hot-pack rolling of plate and sheet. Foils of the superalloy LSHR and the near-gamma titanium aluminide Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-2Nb made by this approach exhibited excellent gage control and fine two-phase microstructures. The vapor-phase techniques used magnetron sputtering (MS) of a target of the desired product composition or electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) of separate targets of the specific alloying elements. Thin deposits of LSHR and Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb made by MS showed uniform thickness/composition and an ultrafine microstructure. However, systematic deviations from the specific target composition were found. During subsequent heat treatment, the microstructure of the MS samples showed various degrees of grain growth and coarsening. Foils of Ti-43Al and Ti-51Al-1V fabricated by EBPVD were fully dense. The microstructures developed during EBPVD were interpreted in terms of measured phase equilibria and the dependence of evaporant flux on temperature. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Ballard, D. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gross, M. E.; Matson, D. W.; Bennett, W. D.; Bonham, C. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Ustinov, A. I.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Dept Vapor Phase Technol Inorgan Mat, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Ustinov, A. I.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, EO Paton Elect Welding Inst, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; MIPR; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU) FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and, in particular, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Joan Fuller and A. Sayir, program managers) are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of M. A. Guisfredi, T. T. Gorman, and W. M. Saurber in sample characterization is appreciated. Portions of this work were conducted under the auspices of a MIPR with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO1830, and AFOSR/EOARD Partner Project P-339 with Paton Institute, which was awarded through the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43A IS 12 BP 4819 EP 4834 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1255-9 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 022FH UT WOS:000309940500036 ER PT J AU Colombi, JM Miller, ME Schneider, M McGrogan, MJ Long, CDS Plaga, J AF Colombi, John M. Miller, Michael E. Schneider, Michael McGrogan, Major Jason Long, Colonel David S. Plaga, John TI Predictive mental workload modeling for semiautonomous system design: Implications for systems of systems SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE system-of-systems; workload; modeling and simulation (M&S); human systems integration (HSI) ID PERFORMANCE AB Predictive mental workload modeling is one established tool within the broad systems engineering activity of Human Systems Integration (HSI). Using system architecture as the foundation, this paper explores the use of Multiple Resource Theory to create representative workload models for evaluating operational system-of-systems (SoS) concepts. Through careful consideration of task demands, conflict generated between tasks, and workload mitigation strategies, informed design decision can improve overall human-system performance. An example involving a single pilot controlling multiple remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) is presented to illustrate the use of workload modeling. Several observations are made that drive measurably excessive workload: multitasking, communications, continuously updating situational awareness and mission planning. In addition, three metrics are proposed for incorporating human workload analysis during system design. This technique has applicability across a wide range systems-of-systems and operational concepts involving complex human-system interactions. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15 C1 [Colombi, John M.; Miller, Michael E.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schneider, Michael] Engn Directorate, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Long, Colonel David S.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McGrogan, Major Jason] B52 Program Off, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Plaga, John] Human Performance Integrat Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Colombi, JM (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.colombi@afit.edu; mi-chael.miller@afit.edu; Michael.schneider2@wpafb.af.mil; Jason.McGro-gan@wpafb.af.mil; david.long@wpafb.af.mil; john.plaga@wpafb.af.mil NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 EI 1520-6858 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 448 EP 460 DI 10.1002/sys.21210 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 019DQ UT WOS:000309717700006 ER PT J AU Salas, A Coble, M Desmyter, S Grzybowski, T Gusmao, L Hohoff, C Holland, MM Irwin, JA Kupiec, T Lee, HY Ludes, B Lutz-Bonengel, S Melton, T Parsons, TJ Pfeiffer, H Prieto, L Tagliabracci, A Parson, W AF Salas, Antonio Coble, Michael Desmyter, Stijn Grzybowski, Tomasz Gusmao, Leonor Hohoff, Carsten Holland, Mitchell M. Irwin, Jodi A. Kupiec, Tomasz Lee, Hwan-Young Ludes, Bertrand Lutz-Bonengel, Sabine Melton, Terry Parsons, Thomas J. Pfeiffer, Heidi Prieto, Lourdes Tagliabracci, Adriano Parson, Walther TI A cautionary note on switching mitochondrial DNA reference sequences in forensic genetics SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID ISFG COLLABORATIVE EXERCISE; GEP-ISFG; MTDNA DATABASE; EDNAP GROUP; NOMENCLATURE; HAIR; REASSESSMENT; HETEROPLASMY; MIXTURES; REVISION C1 [Salas, Antonio] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Unidade Xenet, Dept Anat Patol & Ciencias Forenses, Galicia 15876, Spain. [Salas, Antonio] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Inst Med Legal, Galicia 15876, Spain. [Coble, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20850 USA. [Desmyter, Stijn] Natl Inst Criminalist & Criminol, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium. [Grzybowski, Tomasz] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Mol & Forens Genet, Ludwik Rydygier Coll Med, PL-85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Hohoff, Carsten] Inst Forens Genet GmbH, D-48161 Munster, Germany. [Holland, Mitchell M.] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Irwin, Jodi A.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover AFB, DE USA. [Kupiec, Tomasz] Inst Forens Res, Sect Forens Genet, Krakow, Poland. [Lee, Hwan-Young] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Forens Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Ludes, Bertrand] Strasbourg Univ, Lab Mol Anthropol, Inst Legal Med, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Lutz-Bonengel, Sabine] Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Inst Legal Med, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Melton, Terry] Mitotyping Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Parsons, Thomas J.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Pfeiffer, Heidi] Univ Munster, Inst Legal Med, Munster, Germany. [Prieto, Lourdes] Univ Inst Res Forens Sci IUICP, Comisaria Gen Policia Cient, Madrid, Spain. [Tagliabracci, Adriano] Univ Politecn Marche, Sect Legal Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, I-60020 Ancona, Italy. [Parson, Walther] Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Salas, A (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Unidade Xenet, Dept Anat Patol & Ciencias Forenses, Galicia 15876, Spain. EM antonio.salas@usc.es; walther.parson@i-med.ac.at RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; Grzybowski, Tomasz/A-1676-2015; Salas, Antonio/E-3977-2012; OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Salas, Antonio/0000-0002-2336-702X; Tagliabracci, Adriano/0000-0002-4434-0475; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 6 BP E182 EP E184 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.015 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 020NX UT WOS:000309819400012 PM 22840856 ER PT J AU Yates, JM Spanbauer, BW Black, JT AF Yates, J. M. Spanbauer, B. W. Black, J. T. TI Geostationary orbit development and evaluation for space situational awareness SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Maneuvering orbits; Inspection orbits; GEO AB Awareness of objects and events in and around the Geostationary Earth Orbit satellite belt is currently limited, and the situation is worsening as more satellites are added and the satellites trend toward smaller sizes. A potential solution is to deploy observation satellites near the geostationary altitude to improve monitoring and object characterization capabilities, but the vastness of the geostationary belt creates several unique challenges. Many of these challenges can potentially be mitigated by proper orbit and constellation designs. First, a methodology for evaluating such designs through a system simulation tool is described. Second, an analysis is performed including a variety of circular orbit, eccentric orbit, and maneuvering constellations of geostationary observer satellites. The analysis shows that non-circular orbit designs can result in improved performance for various range- and coverage-based inspection criteria. These tools are useful in mission planning and constellation design, and can be easily expanded to include additional constellation metrics or time history metrics on individual GEO objects such as illumination conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Black, J. T.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yates, J. M.] Schafer Corp, Space & Directed Energy, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Spanbauer, B. W.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jesse.yates.ctr@kirtland.af.mil; brian.spanbauer@kirtland.af.mil; jonathan.black@afit.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 81 BP 256 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.05.011 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 017CY UT WOS:000309568900025 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, D Visbal, M AF Rizzetta, D. Visbal, M. TI Plasma flow control simulations of a low-Reynolds number low-aspect-ratio wing SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Flow control; LES; Plasma actuation; Unsteady aerodynamics; Micro-air vehicles ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; SEPARATION CONTROL; PLATE WINGS; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; AIRFOIL; VORTEX; AERODYNAMICS; FLOWFIELDS AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed to investigate use of plasma-based control in order to improve aerodynamic performance of a flat-plate wing. The wing has a rectangular planform, a thickness to chord ratio of 0.016, and an aspect ratio of 2.0. Computations are carried out at a chord-based Reynolds number of 20,000, such that the configuration and flow conditions are typical of those commonly utilized in micro air vehicle (MAV) applications. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, that were augmented by source terms used to represent body forces imparted by plasma actuators on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided these body forces resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme and an implicit LES approach, which are applied to obtain solutions on an overset mesh system. The control strategy explores plasma actuators that are distributed in the spanwise direction along the wing leading edge, and actuators extending in the chordwise direction along the wing tip. The investigation considers plasma-induced forces that are imposed in either the co-flowing or counter-flow directions for the former arrangement, and directed inboard or outboard for the latter. Both continuous and pulsed operation of actuators are simulated, and the magnitude of the plasma force is varied in order to establish the most efficient means of control. Computations are carried out at angles of attack that are below (8.0 deg) and above (25.0 deg) the stall value. Control solutions are compared with baseline results without actuation to determine the most beneficial control strategies. It was found that actuation is effective only for sufficiently large values of the plasma force. A favorable comparison is shown with the limited available experimental data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rizzetta, D.; Visbal, M.] USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, D (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Donald.Rizzetta@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work presented here was sponsored by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a task monitored by D. Smith. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the US Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, MS and Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 70 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.08.025 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 048AT UT WOS:000311883300010 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Fournier, JA Shuman, NS Troe, J Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Fournier, Joseph A. Shuman, Nicholas S. Troe, Juergen Viggiano, Albert A. TI Exploring the Reactions of Fe+ and FeO+ with NO and NO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CATIONS; SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE KINETICS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CROSS-SECTIONS AB We report for the first time temperature dependences (from 300 to 600 K) of the reactions of Fe+ and FeO+ with NO and NO2. Both ions react quickly with NO2, and their rate constants have weak negative temperature dependences. The former is consistent with the calculated energy profile along the Fe+ + NO2 reaction coordinate. Ground state Fe+ reacts with NO2 to produce only FeO+, while FeO+ reacts with NO2 to produce NO+ exclusively. Certain source conditions produce excited Fe, as evidenced by production of primary NO, which is endothermic with the ground state by 0.35 eV. The room temperature rate constants are in agreement with previous values. For the reactions of Fe+ and FeO+ with NO, we find an upper limit of < 1.0 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) for both rate constants, in contrast to a previous report of a rate constant of similar to 1.7 X 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) for Fe+ + NO. Because this is an endothermic process, the prior report interpreted the reaction as a termolecular process involving two NO molecules; instead, we show that the previous results were likely due to an NO2 impurity. Implications for other metal cation reactions which have been speculated to occur by the termolecular mechanism are discussed. C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fournier, Joseph A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Albert.Viggiano@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program; Department of Defense through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; EOARD [FA8655-11-1-3077] FX We greatly appreciate numerous communications with Peter Armentrout. We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. J.A.F. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program, as well as the Department of Defense for support through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. J.T. acknowledges support from the EOARD Grant Award FA8655-11-1-3077. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 47 BP 11500 EP 11508 DI 10.1021/jp309033b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 044UW UT WOS:000311650200003 PM 23106597 ER PT J AU Yaney, PP Gorman, TT Ouchen, F Grote, JG AF Yaney, Perry P. Gorman, Timothy T. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. TI Time-of-flight studies of hole mobilities in DNA-CTMA films fabricated and passivated in a dry environment SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE time of flight; DNA biopolymer; hole mobility; dispersive transport; passivation; effects of humidity ID MOLECULARLY DOPED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; POLARONS AB Salmon DNA-based films, including as-received DNA (molecular weight, MW > 2000 kDa) and sonicated DNA of MW similar to 200 kDa, both complexed with hexacetyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTMA) surfactant, were studied. The DNA solutions were spin-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated quartz slides with vacuum deposited gold charge-collecting electrodes. The films were fabricated entirely at similar to 0% humidity (0 to 86 ppmv of water) in a nitrogen-purged glove box and coated with 500 to 600 nm passivating layers of conformal urethane before exposure to room air. A quadrupled, 20 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser with output at 266 nm was used for charge injection. The room temperature photoconductive transients were dispersive with hole mobilities in DNA films ranging between 7E-3 to 5E-5 cm(2)/Vs for fields ranging from 10 to 380 kV/cm. No electron response was observed in these films. The mobilities were determined from the transient curves at the intersections of initial and final tangent lines that defined the shoulders in the log-log plots. The results of these hole mobility studies, which appear to support predictions of high hole mobility in DNA, are the first on DNA-based films that were fabricated in a dry environment and passivated for measurements in room air. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JNP.6.063531] C1 [Yaney, Perry P.; Gorman, Timothy T.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yaney, PP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM pyaney1@udayton.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The excellent work carried out in the AFRL labs by our summer research students, and the photolithography and electrode depositions by Gerry Landis and valuable assistance in completing the glove box system provided by Steve Fenstermaker and Gerry, both with UD Research Institute, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge with appreciation the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. PPY designed the dual glove-box-vacuum-deposition system at WPAFB, fabricated thin film specimens, set up the TOF equipment at the University of Dayton, carried out TOF measurements, and did the data analyses. TTG fabricated thin film specimens in the glove box and carried out TOF measurements. FO was responsible for the chemical processing, soxhlet-dialysis, and sonication that produced the DNA(as-rcvd & 200kDa)-CTMA materials. JGG is the project leader and provided guidance for the research activities. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063531 DI 10.1117/1.JNP.6.063531 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 093VS UT WOS:000315221600001 ER PT J AU Ma, X Urbas, A Li, Q AF Ma, Xiang Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Controllable Self-Assembling of Gold Nanorods via On and Off Supramolecular Noncovalent Interactions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HIGH-YIELD SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ASPECT-RATIO; AU NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES AB 5,15-Bis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (DPPS) with a planar conjugated system and two negative charges was found to be able to engender the self-assembling of CTAB-GNRs due to the electrostatic interaction between DPPS and CTAB together with the pi-pi intermolecular interaction of DPPS, while its bulky supramolecular pseudo[3]rotaxane included by beta-cyclodextrin prevented such self-assembling due to the interruption of the above noncovalent interactions. C1 [Ma, Xiang; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Ma, Xiang/F-6665-2014 OI Ma, Xiang/0000-0002-8679-4491 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254]; Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surface in Advanced Materials FX This work is financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254). The TEM data were obtained at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surface in Advanced Materials. Dr. M. Gao and Y. Li are acknowledged for their helpful discussion. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 47 BP 16263 EP 16267 DI 10.1021/la303424x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 056TV UT WOS:000312515200004 PM 23101766 ER PT J AU Huang, CS de La Beaujardiere, O Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Hairston, MR AF Huang, Chao-Song de La Beaujardiere, O. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Ballenthin, J. O. Hairston, M. R. TI Generation and characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles detected by the C/NOFS satellite near the sunset terminator SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; IRREGULARITIES; EVOLUTION AB We present the observations of equatorial plasma bubbles in the evening sector by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during 2011. We illustrate with a few examples the overall properties of the equatorial ionosphere as the solar activity approached maximum. C/NOFS was often below the F peak and this allowed us to examine the early phases of irregularity formation. We show examples when C/NOFS detected a continuous generation of plasma bubbles near the sunset terminator over eight successive orbits (similar to 12 h). A clear prereversal enhancement of upward plasma drift occurred between 18: 00 and 19: 00 LT when plasma bubbles were detected by C/NOFS, and the peak value of the upward ion drift at or near the magnetic equator was 40-70 m s(-1). In some cases, C/NOFS was well below the F peak and detected wide regions with very low plasma density over similar to 3000 km in longitude in the evening sector, and plasma bubbles were generated within the low-density region. C/NOFS also detected simultaneous existence of plasma bubbles between 19: 00 and 03: 00 LT, corresponding to a longitudinal coverage of similar to 12,000 km. Significant differences in the characteristics of plasma bubbles between periods of low and high solar activity are identified. Large plasma bubbles occur in the midnight-dawn sector at low solar activity but in the evening sector at high solar activity. The lifetime of plasma bubbles is long (7 h or longer) at low solar activity but is short (similar to 3 h) at high solar activity. Broad plasma depletions occur near dawn at low solar activity, but wide low-density regions with multiple plasma bubbles occur in the evening sector at high solar activity. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; de La Beaujardiere, O.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. [Hairston, M. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil OI Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU AFOSR [Task 11RV04COR]; NASA [NNH09AM20I]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by C. S. H. was supported by the AFOSR Task 11RV04COR and by the NASA grant NNH09AM20I. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. The authors acknowledge the National Geophysical Data Center for providing the Jicamarca ionosonde data. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A11313 DI 10.1029/2012JA018163 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 043SD UT WOS:000311567000003 ER PT J AU Maschmann, MR Ehlert, GJ Park, SJ Mollenhauer, D Maruyama, B Hart, AJ Baur, JW AF Maschmann, Matthew R. Ehlert, Gregory J. Park, Sei Jin Mollenhauer, David Maruyama, Benji Hart, A. John Baur, Jeffery W. TI Visualizing Strain Evolution and Coordinated Buckling within CNT Arrays by In Situ Digital Image Correlation SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; digital image correlation; mechanics; compression; yield strain ID LARGE-DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS; COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION; QUANTITATIVE SMALL; BEHAVIOR; FOAM; MAGNIFICATIONS; MECHANISMS; MOTION AB Spatial mapping of strain fields within compressed carbon nanotube (CNT) array columns is achieved using digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image sequences. Full-field displacement and strain maps are generated based upon the motion of the constituent CNTs, which serve as a traceable high-contrast speckle pattern for DIC analysis. The deformation modes and CNT array buckling characteristics vary systematically as a function of column aspect ratio, including bending, crushing, and bottom-up buckle accumulation behaviors. In spite of disparate appearing deformation modes, strain maps indicate that CNT array buckling consistently initiates at 5% local principal strain (?2) for all columns. The ability to quantitatively assess the deformation modes and buckling behavior of CNT arrays at the nanoscale will enable their improved design for high-strain electrical contacts, compliant thermal interfaces, force sensors, energy-absorbing foams, or other applications. C1 [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Mollenhauer, David; Maruyama, Benji; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Ehlert, Gregory J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Park, Sei Jin; Hart, A. John] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Mechanosynth Grp, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Maschmann, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffery.Baur@wpafb.af.mil RI Hart, A. John/A-9027-2010; Park, Sei Jin/B-2258-2013; OI Hart, A. John/0000-0002-7372-3512; Park, Sei Jin/0000-0001-6877-1512; Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation [CMMI-0927364]; AFOSR [11-NA-018] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Robert Wheeler (AFRL/RX, MicroTesting Solutions LLC) for assistance with in situ data collection. M. R. M. and J.W.B. acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager. S.J.P. and A.J.H. acknowledge support of the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0927364) and the AFOSR Young Investigator Program (11-NA-018), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 48 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 22 BP 4686 EP 4695 DI 10.1002/adfm.201200676 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035RU UT WOS:000310966500004 ER PT J AU Alsing, PM Fuentes, I AF Alsing, Paul M. Fuentes, Ivette TI Observer-dependent entanglement SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE; QUANTUM; STATE; TELEPORTATION; SPACETIME; VACUUM; FRAME; NOISE AB Understanding the observer-dependent nature of quantum entanglement has been a central question in relativistic quantum information. In this paper, we will review key results on relativistic entanglement in flat and curved spacetime and discuss recent work which shows that motion and gravity have observable effects on entanglement between localized systems. C1 [Alsing, Paul M.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Fuentes, Ivette] Univ Nottingham, Sch Math Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. EM ivette.fuentes@nottingham.ac.uk FU EPSRC [CAF grant] [EP/G00496X/2]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX IF would like to acknowledge the support by EPSRC [CAF grant EP/G00496X/2]. PMA would like to acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for this work. We thank A Dragan, J Louko, D Bruschi, N Friis, A Lee, E Martin-Martinez, G Adesso, J Doukas, T G Downes, T Ralph, R Mann, F P Schuller, C Sabin, R Jauregui, P Barberis-Blostein and D Sudarsky for stimulating conversations. We strived to be inclusive in our citations to this exciting and burgeoning field. Any omissions on the part of the authors are purely unintentional. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 130 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 29 IS 22 AR 224001 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/29/22/224001 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 029YI UT WOS:000310533400002 ER PT J AU Xu, J Sahu, S Cao, L Bunker, CE Peng, G Liu, YM Fernando, KAS Wang, P Guliants, EA Meziani, MJ Qian, HJ Sun, YP AF Xu, Juan Sahu, Sushant Cao, Li Bunker, Christopher E. Peng, Ge Liu, Yamin Fernando, K. A. Shiral Wang, Ping Guliants, Elena A. Meziani, Mohammed J. Qian, Haijun Sun, Ya-Ping TI Efficient Fluorescence Quenching in Carbon Dots by Surface-Doped Metals - Disruption of Excited State Redox Processes and Mechanistic Implications SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; NANOPARTICLES; CYTOTOXICITY; NANOCRYSTALS; DEPOSITION; BRIGHT; CELLS; CDSE AB The carbon dots in this study were small carbon nanoparticles with the particle surface functionalized by oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) diamine molecules. Upon photoexcitation, the brightly fluorescent carbon dots in aqueous solution served the function of excellent electron donors to reduce platinum(IV) and gold(III) compounds into their corresponding metals to be deposited on the dot surface. The deposited metals even in very small amounts were found to have dramatic quenching effects on the fluorescence emission intensities, but essentially no effects on the observed fluorescence decays. The obviously exclusive near-neighbor static quenching could be attributed to the disruption of electron-hole radiative recombinations (otherwise responsible for the fluorescence emissions in carbon dots). The results provide important evidence for the availability of photogenerated electrons that could be harvested for productive purposes, which in turn supports the current mechanistic framework on fluorescence emission and photoinduced redox properties of carbon dots. C1 [Xu, Juan; Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Peng, Ge; Liu, Yamin; Wang, Ping; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Qian, Haijun; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Xu, Juan; Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Peng, Ge; Liu, Yamin; Wang, Ping; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Qian, Haijun; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cao, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM lcao@clemson.edu; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium; NSF-China; Jiangsu Province; CSC-China; Zhejiang Province; Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship; Clemson University Electron Microscopy Facility FX This work was made possible by financial support from Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program. Additional support from NSF (Y.-P.S.) and South Carolina Space Grant Consortium (Y.-P.S.) is also acknowledged. J.X. was on leave from Changzhou University in Changzhou, P.R. China (with a visiting scholarship jointly funded by NSF-China and Jiangsu Province), G.P. on leave from Ningbo University of Technology in Ningbo, P.R. China (with a visiting scholarship jointly funded by CSC-China and Zhejiang Province), and M.J.M. on leave from the Department of Chemistry and Physics at Northwest Missouri State University. L.C. was supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship. H.Q. was affiliated with and supported by Clemson University Electron Microscopy Facility. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 13 U2 140 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 46 BP 16141 EP 16147 DI 10.1021/la302506e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 047TM UT WOS:000311864400016 PM 23088301 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Wellems, LD AF Huang, Danhong Wellems, L. David TI Asymmetrically filled slits in a metal film that split a light beam into two depending on its wavelength SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMONS; TRANSMISSION; GRATINGS; ARRAY AB By applying a scattering-wave theory, the electromagnetic response of an arbitrary array of multiple slits perforated on a metallic film and filled with different slit dielectric materials can be studied in an analytical way. Here, the wavelength-dependent splitting of a light beam into two by asymmetrically filled slits in a metal film using intraslit and interslit dual-wave interferences is fully explored. We consider a triple-slit structure perforated on a gold film, where the middle slit is used for the surface-plasmon (SP) excitation by a narrow Gaussian beam while the two side slits are used for the detection of a transmitted SP wave propagated from the middle opaque slit either at a particular wavelength or at double that wavelength, respectively. For this proposed simple structure, we show that only one of the two side observation slits can be in a passing state for a particular wavelength, but the other blocked slit will change to a passing state at double that wavelength with a specific design for the slit depth, slit dielectric, and interslit distance in the deep subwavelength regime. In this sense, SP mediated light transmission becomes wavelength sensitive in our model, and a single light beam can be separated into two according to its wavelength in the transverse direction parallel to the array. This provides us with a unique way for direct optical reading in the near-field region using a nonspectroscopic approach. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Danhong; Wellems, L. David] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. We also acknowledge helpful suggestions as well as a critical reading of the paper by Prof. A. A. Maradudin. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 33 BP 7969 EP 7981 DI 10.1364/AO.51.007969 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 041QH UT WOS:000311415800011 PM 23207307 ER PT J AU Lorenz, A Zimmermann, N Kumar, S Evans, DR Cook, G Kitzerow, HS AF Lorenz, Alexander Zimmermann, Natalie Kumar, Satyendra Evans, Dean R. Cook, Gary Kitzerow, Heinz-S. TI Doping the nematic liquid crystal 5CB with milled BaTiO3 nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CELLS AB The simple nematic mesogen 5CB was doped with milled BaTiO3 nanoparticles and was investigated with x-ray scattering. Doping with BaTiO3 nanoparticles of 9 nm in diameter led to the formation of crystallites. These crystallites precipitated and formed a waxlike nanodispersion of 5CB and nanoparticles, which led to intense x-ray scattering signals characteristic of a multilayer structure. Surprisingly, the multilayers possess unusual interlayer spacing, which cannot be explained by simple smectic order of the calamitic molecules. C1 [Lorenz, Alexander; Zimmermann, Natalie; Kitzerow, Heinz-S.] Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Chem, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Evans, Dean R.; Cook, Gary] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lorenz, A (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Chem, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. FU German Research Foundation [KI 411/14, GRK 1464]; European Science Foundation (EUROCORES, SONS II, "Self-organized nanostructures"); US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001412]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to thank V. Stanic and E. DiMasi (NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory) for their technical support and help in these experiments. Financial support by the German Research Foundation (Grants No. KI 411/14 and No. GRK 1464) and the European Science Foundation (EUROCORES, SONS II, "Self-organized nanostructures") is gratefully acknowledged. The participation of S. K. in this research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences Grant No. DE-SC0001412. The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 AR 051704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.051704 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 039XX UT WOS:000311282700001 PM 23214802 ER PT J AU Ramezani, H Lin, Z Kalish, S Kottos, T Kovanis, V Vitebskiy, I AF Ramezani, Hamidreza Lin, Zin Kalish, Samuel Kottos, Tsampikos Kovanis, Vassilios Vitebskiy, Ilya TI Taming the flow of light via active magneto-optical impurities SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that the interplay of a magneto-optical layer sandwiched between two judiciously balanced gain and loss layers which are both birefringent with misaligned in-plane anisotropy, induces unidirectional electromagnetic modes. Embedding one such optically active non-reciprocal unit between a pair of birefringent Bragg reflectors, results in an exceptionally strong asymmetry in light transmission. Remarkably, such asymmetry persists regardless of the incident light polarization. This photonic architecture may be used as the building block for chip-scale non-reciprocal devices such as optical isolators and circulators. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Ramezani, Hamidreza; Lin, Zin; Kalish, Samuel; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios; Vitebskiy, Ilya] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramezani, H (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM hramezani@wesleyan.edu FU AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0433, LRIR 09RY04COR]; NSF [ECCS-1128571] FX This research was supported by an AFOSR No. FA 9550-10-1-0433 grant and LRIR 09RY04COR grant, and by an NSF ECCS-1128571 grant. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 24 BP 26200 EP 26207 DI 10.1364/OE.20.026200 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055YB UT WOS:000312452800011 PM 23187475 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Rui, GH Abeysinghe, DC Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Chen, Weibin Rui, Guanghao Abeysinghe, Don C. Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Hybrid spiral plasmonic lens: towards an efficient miniature circular polarization analyzer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM AB A hybrid spiral plasmonic lens that consists of alternating spiral slot and spiral triangular sub-aperture array can differentiate circular polarization of different handedness and enable a miniature circular polarization analyzer design with high efficiency. The improved performance compared to pure spiral slot lens comes from the fact that the hybrid lens is capable of focusing both the radial and the azimuthal polarization components of a circular polarization, doubling the coupling efficiency. In this paper, the spin-dependent plasmonic focusing properties of a spatially arranged triangular sub-aperture array and a hybrid spiral plasmonic lens are demonstrated using a collection mode near field scanning optical microscope. The coupling efficiency could be further improved through optimizing the geometry of the hybrid lens. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Weibin; Rui, Guanghao; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.; Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, WB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qzhan1@udayton.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 34 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 24 BP 26299 EP 26307 DI 10.1364/OE.20.026299 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055YB UT WOS:000312452800020 PM 23187484 ER PT J AU Gunturk, BK Rabb, DJ Jameson, DF AF Gunturk, Bahadir K. Rabb, David J. Jameson, Douglas F. TI Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis with Zernike based aberration correction SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LATERAL SHEARING INTERFEROGRAMS; POLYNOMIALS AB Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis increases the effective aperture in coherent imaging by shifting the backscattered speckle field across a physical aperture or set of apertures. Through proper arrangement of the transmitter locations, it is possible to obtain speckle fields with overlapping regions, which allows fast computation of optical aberrations from wavefront differences. In this paper, we present a method where Zernike polynomials are used to model the aberrations and high-order aberrations are estimated without the need to do phase unwrapping of the difference fronts. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Gunturk, Bahadir K.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rabb, David J.; Jameson, Douglas F.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gunturk, BK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bahadir@ece.lsu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 24 BP 26448 EP 26457 DI 10.1364/OE.20.026448 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055YB UT WOS:000312452800034 PM 23187499 ER PT J AU Hager, WW Sonnenfeld, RG Feng, W Kanmae, T Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Haaland, RK Cummer, SA Lu, GP Lapierre, JL AF Hager, William W. Sonnenfeld, Richard G. Feng, Wei Kanmae, Takeshi Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, Matthew G. Haaland, Ryan K. Cummer, Steven A. Lu, Gaopeng Lapierre, Jeff L. TI Charge rearrangement by sprites over a north Texas mesoscale convective system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIGHTNING RETURN STROKE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RED-SPRITES; CURRENTS; WSR-88D; RADIATION; PROGRAM; SUPPORT; MOMENT AB Charge rearrangement by sprites is analyzed for a mesoscale convective system (MCS) situated in north Texas and east New Mexico on 15 July 2010. During the thunderstorm, electric field data were recorded by the Langmuir Electric Field Array (LEFA), while magnetic field data were recorded by the charge-moment network near Duke University. A high speed (12500 fps) video system operated at Langmuir Laboratory recorded telescopic images of the sprites. Data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) show that each sprite was preceded by a series of cloud discharges and cloud-to-ground discharges. The triggering event preceding the sprite was typically a positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) stroke. For one out of the 10 sprites that were recorded, there was a positive hump in the electric field a few milliseconds after the +CG return stroke. The size and shape of the hump roughly matched the light intensity emitted from the sprite. The electric field hump is fit by a sprite current that originates in the ionosphere and propagates downward, producing the same effect as a downward moving positive current. The integral under the current hump was 23.9 C when the velocity of the current pulse was between 0.25 c and 0.55 c. The large sprite current was followed by impulsive electromagnetic radiation which has not been previously reported and could be a recoil effect similar to what is called a "K-change" when it is observed in a lightning flash. C1 [Hager, William W.; Feng, Wei] Univ Florida, Dept Math, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sonnenfeld, Richard G.; Lapierre, Jeff L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Sonnenfeld, Richard G.; Lapierre, Jeff L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Kanmae, Takeshi; Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] US AF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Haaland, Ryan K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Cummer, Steven A.; Lu, Gaopeng] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. RP Hager, WW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Math, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hager@ufl.edu RI Lu, Gaopeng/D-9011-2012; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU National Science Foundation [0619080, 0724750, 0724771, 0737294, 0737605, 1042198, 1047588]; DARPA NIMBUS program; Irving and Marion Langmuir bequest FX This work was funded by grants 0619080, 0724750, 0724771, 0737294, 0737605, 1042198, and 1047588 from the National Science Foundation. Additional funding was provided by the DARPA NIMBUS program and by the Irving and Marion Langmuir bequest to Langmuir Laboratory. We thank Tsutomu Takahashi for asking a basic question about what sign is to be expected for the sprite hump, and we thank Vladimir Rakov for pointing out the sign dependence of a sky wave with respect to distance between instrument and return stroke. The authors thank Vaisala Inc for providing high accuracy strike data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) as well as data for Figure 6. Kenneth L. Cummins is especially acknowledged for his help in interpreting NLDN data and in accessing the NLDN waveforms. Comments from the reviewers, which improved the manuscript, are gratefully appreciated. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D22101 DI 10.1029/2012JD018309 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039LS UT WOS:000311247900004 ER PT J AU Machida, M Panasyuk, GY Schotland, JC Markel, VA AF Machida, Manabu Panasyuk, George Y. Schotland, John C. Markel, Vadim A. TI The Green's function for the radiative transport equation in the slab geometry (vol 43, 065402, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Machida, Manabu; Schotland, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Panasyuk, George Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Markel, Vadim A.] Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Markel, Vadim A.] Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Markel, Vadim A.] Univ Penn, Grad Grp Appl Math & Computat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Machida, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mmachida@umich.edu; George.Panasyuk.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; schotland@umich.edu; vmarkel@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Panasyuk, George/C-7649-2015 OI Panasyuk, George/0000-0002-4873-990X NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 45 AR 459501 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/45/45/459501 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 029AI UT WOS:000310466800022 ER PT J AU Yanes, EG Lovett, DP AF Yanes, Enrique G. Lovett, Dennis P. TI High-throughput bioanalytical method for analysis of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine using salting-out sample preparation and LC-MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction; UPLC; Synthetic cannabinoids; Spice; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Urine ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN WHOLE-BLOOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT; EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; JWH-018 METABOLITES; HUMAN PLASMA AB Herbal smoking mixtures which are sold as incense or potpourri and often referred to as 'Spice' are actually inactive plant matter adulterated with alkylamino indole based synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH-018 and JWH-073. Due to the inclusion of five synthetic cannabinoids, including JWH-018 and JWH-073, as Schedule I drugs by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in March 2011, it has become necessary for forensic laboratories to develop analytical methods to test for the presence of metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids. When a new analyte of interest emerges, most laboratories strive to develop a sample preparation procedure and validate an analytical method as quickly as possible and therefore, rely on effective but time consuming traditional protocols such as solid phase and liquid-liquid extraction. This research focuses on the examination of all aspects of sample preparation and analytical method development to streamline the analysis of four urinary metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073. A detailed evaluation of the beta-glucuronide hydrolysis step lead to the reduction of time required for hydrolysis from 1 h at 50 degrees C to only 10 min at room temperature. By utilizing a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) in place of traditional liquid-liquid extraction with a volatile solvent, processing time was saved and waste was reduced. The analysis run time was also shortened to one-third of a typical published run time by utilizing UPLC with isocratic conditions in place of conventional HPLC running a gradient method. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yanes, Enrique G.; Lovett, Dennis P.] USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Yanes, EG (reprint author), USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM enrigy@yahoo.com FU United States Air Force; ADC Management Services Inc. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Lt Col M. Ewy and Maj T. Herbelin for their assistance and support, Dr. M. Hlubek and Dr. A. Kippenberger for helpful discussions and Mr. N. Forter for assisting us in the acquisition of authentic positive urine. The authors would like to thank the United States Air Force and ADC Management Services Inc. for funding this project. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 909 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.013 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 046KR UT WOS:000311764400008 PM 23153643 ER PT J AU Kota, AK Li, YX Mabry, JM Tuteja, A AF Kota, Arun K. Li, Yongxin Mabry, Joseph M. Tuteja, Anish TI Hierarchically Structured Superoleophobic Surfaces with Ultralow Contact Angle Hysteresis SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hierarchical surfaces; superoleophobic surfaces; contact angle hysteresis ID OIL-REPELLENT SURFACES; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; ROUGH; FILMS; WATER; OLEOPHOBICITY; WETTABILITY; COATINGS; ADHESION AB Hierarchically structured, superoleophobic surfaces are demonstrated that display one of the lowest contact angle hysteresis values ever reported - even with extremely low-surface-tension liquids such as n-heptane. Consequently, these surfaces allow, for the first time, even approximate to 2 mu L n-heptane droplets to bounce and roll-off at tilt angles <= 2 degrees. C1 [Kota, Arun K.; Li, Yongxin; Tuteja, Anish] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Rocket Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tuteja, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM atuteja@umich.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0017, LRIR-12RZ03COR]; China Scholarship Council FX A.K.K. and Y.L contributed equally to this work. We thank Dr. Charles Y-C. Lee and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support under grants FA9550-11-1-0017 and LRIR-12RZ03COR. We also thank Dr. Sean Ramirez for providing samples of fluorodecyl POSS. Y.L. would like to thank the China Scholarship Council for financial support. NR 45 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 18 U2 265 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 43 BP 5838 EP 5843 DI 10.1002/adma.201202554 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 034MD UT WOS:000310876700004 PM 22930526 ER PT J AU Barua, A Horie, Y Zhou, M AF Barua, A. Horie, Y. Zhou, M. TI Microstructural level response of HMX-Estane polymer-bonded explosive under effects of transient stress waves SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polymer-bonded explosive; HMX; dynamic response; constitutive modelling; hot spots ID HOT-SPOTS; SIMULATION; SIZE AB The effect of transient stress waves on the microstructure of HMX-Estane, a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX), is studied. Calculations carried out concern microstructures with HMX grain sizes on the order of 200 mm and grain volume fractions in the range of 0.50-0.82. The microstructural samples analysed have an aspect ratio of 5 : 1 (15 x 3 mm), allowing the transient wave propagation process resulting from normal impact to be resolved. Boundary loading is effected by the imposition of impact face velocities of 50200ms-1. Different levels of grain-binder interface strength are considered. The analysis uses a recently developed cohesive finite element framework that accounts for coupled thermal-mechanical processes involving deformation, heat generation and conduction, failure in the forms of microcracks in both bulk constituents and along grain/matrix interfaces, and frictional heating along crack faces. Results show that the overall wave speed through the microstructures depends on both the grain volume fraction and interface bonding strength between the constituents and that the distance traversed by the stress wave before the initiation of frictional dissipation is independent of the grain volume fraction but increases with impact velocity. Energy dissipated per unit volume owing to fracture is highest near the impact surface and deceases to zero at the stress wavefront. On the other hand, the peak temperature rises are noted to occur approximately 2-3mm from the impact surface. Scaling laws are developed for the maximum dissipation rate and the highest temperature rise as functions of impact velocity, grain volume fraction and grain-binder interfacial bonding strength. C1 [Barua, A.; Zhou, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Horie, Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Valparaiso, FL 32542 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM min.zhou@gatech.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 468 IS 2147 BP 3725 EP 3744 DI 10.1098/rspa.2012.0279 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 016XA UT WOS:000309551900027 ER PT J AU Santana, JAC Liu, P Wang, XJ Tang, J McHale, SR Wooten, D McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Wu, J Palai, R Losovjy, YB Dowben, PA AF Santana, J. A. Colon Liu, Pan Wang, Xianjie Tang, J. McHale, S. R. Wooten, D. McClory, J. W. Petrosky, J. C. Wu, J. Palai, R. Losovjy, Ya B. Dowben, P. A. TI The local metallicity of gadolinium doped compound semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NONMETAL-METAL TRANSITION; ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; THIN-FILMS; OVERLAYERS; LA1-XCAXMNO3; SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS(110); SPECTRA; EXCITON AB The local metallicities of Hf0.97Gd0.03O2, Ga0.97Gd0.03N, Eu0.97Gd0.04O and EuO films were studied through a comparison of the findings from constant initial state spectroscopy using synchrotron light. Resonant enhancements, corresponding to the 4d -> 4f transitions of Eu and Gd, were observed in some of the valence band photoemission features. The resonant photoemission intensity enhancements for the Gd 4f photoemission features are far stronger for the more insulating host systems than for the metallic system Eu0.96Gd0.04O. The evidence seems to suggest a correlation between the effective screening in the films and the resonant photoemission process. C1 [Santana, J. A. Colon] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, W Scott Engn Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Liu, Pan; Wang, Xianjie; Tang, J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [McHale, S. R.; Wooten, D.; McClory, J. W.; Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, J.; Palai, R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Wu, J.; Palai, R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Losovjy, Ya B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Losovjy, Ya B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Santana, JAC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, W Scott Engn Ctr, N 16th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Liu, Pan/P-2625-2016; OI Liu, Pan/0000-0002-4287-1395; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; Institute for Functional Nanomaterials; NASA-IDEA-PR; DOE [DE-EE0003174]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0852862, CBET-0754821]; National Science Foundation (Nebraska Materials Science and Engineering Center) [DMR-0820521] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) through Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128, the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, NASA-IDEA-PR, DOE DE-EE0003174 and the National Science Foundation (Grants No. DMR-0852862, No. CBET-0754821, and the Nebraska Materials Science and Engineering Center (DMR-0820521)). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 44 AR 445801 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/44/445801 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 030LB UT WOS:000310571100017 PM 23044531 ER PT J AU Hunter, CN Turner, DB Jespersen, ML Check, MH Borton, PT Glavin, NR Voevodin, AA AF Hunter, C. N. Turner, D. B. Jespersen, M. L. Check, M. H. Borton, P. T. Glavin, N. R. Voevodin, A. A. TI Fast photo-switchable surfaces for boiling heat transfer applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE boiling; contact angle; heat transfer; monolayers; organometallic compounds; radiation effects; ruthenium compounds; self-assembly; thin films; X-ray photoelectron spectra ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE COMPLEXES; REVERSIBLE WETTABILITY; COATED SURFACES; X-RAY; PHOTOOXIDATION; FILMS; GOLD; FLUX; XPS AB Several milligrams of the ruthenium-centered organometallic complex, ruthenium bis-4,4'-di( thiomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, mono-2-(2-pyridyl)-1,3-oxathiane ([Ru{(HS-CH2)(2)-bpy}(2){pox}](PF6)(2)) were synthesized and used to produce a self assembled monolayer film on a gold substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the film detected the presence of bound thiolate, which is an indication of a chemisorbed film. Water contact angle measurements were performed before and after 5min of visible light irradiation using an ozone-free 1000 W Xe(Hg) arc source with a 425-680 nm long pass mirror. The contact angle changed from 52 degrees pre-irradiation (hydrophilic state) to 95 degrees post-irradiation (hydrophobic state). (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766345] C1 [Hunter, C. N.; Glavin, N. R.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Turner, D. B.; Check, M. H.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45532 USA. [Jespersen, M. L.; Borton, P. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chad.hunter@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Joan Fuller) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge Arun S. Kousalya and Timothy S. Fisher (Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University) and Shawn A. Putnam (Universal Technology Corporation) for helpful technical discussions. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 19 AR 191603 DI 10.1063/1.4766345 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040JZ UT WOS:000311320100018 ER PT J AU Maxey, C Raman, S Groves, K Quach, T Orlando, L Mattamana, A Creech, G Rockway, J AF Maxey, Christopher Raman, Sanjay Groves, Kari Quach, Tony Orlando, Len Mattamana, Aji Creech, Gregory Rockway, Jay TI Mixed-Signal SoCs With In Situ Self-Healing Circuitry SO IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY C1 [Groves, Kari; Quach, Tony; Orlando, Len; Mattamana, Aji] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Creech, Gregory] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM maxey_christopher@bah.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Air Force Contracts [FA8650-09-C-7924, FA8650-09-C-7925, FA8650-09-C-7926]; Navy grants [N66001-09-1-2029, N66001-09-1-2030]; Navy contract [N66001-09-C-2023] FX The authors would like to thank all of the performers on the HEALICs program for their efforts towards achieving the program goals; in particular, those who contributed to the work outlined in this paper: principal investigators Dr. Jose Tierno and Mr. Daniel Friedman from IBM, Prof. Behzad Razavi from UCLA, Mr. Gerry Sollner from Raytheon, Prof. Frank Chang also from UCLA, and their teams. The HEALICs program was developed at and funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The work presented in this paper was supported through Air Force Contracts FA8650-09-C-7924, FA8650-09-C-7925, and FA8650-09-C-7926; Navy grants N66001-09-1-2029 and N66001-09-1-2030; and Navy contract N66001-09-C-2023. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7475 J9 IEEE DES TEST COMPUT JI IEEE Des. Test Comput. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 SI SI BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MDT.2012.2226014 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 138XG UT WOS:000318544300005 ER PT J AU Aga, RS Ouchen, F Lesko, A Telek, BA Cory, EMF Bartsch, CM Lombardi, J Grote, J Heckman, EM AF Aga, Roberto S., Jr. Ouchen, Fahima Lesko, Alyssa Telek, Brian A. Cory, Emily M. Fehrman Bartsch, Carrie M. Lombardi, Jack, III Grote, James Heckman, Emily M. TI Polymeric waveguide electro-optic beam-steering device with DNA biopolymer conductive cladding layers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optic effect; waveguide; modulator; beam steering; DNA biopolymer; conductive cladding layer; polymer; optical devices ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PHOTONICS; FILMS; COMPLEX; SWITCH AB A polymer electro-optic (EO) waveguide beam-steering device with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer conductive cladding layers and a core layer of the commercially available EO polymer SEO100 is demonstrated with 100% relative poling efficiency. This demonstration device exhibits a deflection efficiency of 99 mrad/kV with a corresponding in-device EO coefficient r(33) of 124 pm/V at 1550 nm. When the DNA biopolymer bottom cladding layer is replaced by the commonly used cladding polymer UV15, the deflection efficiency and in-device r(33) drop to 34 mrad/kV and 43 pm/V, respectively. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.11.114602] C1 [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lesko, Alyssa; Telek, Brian A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cory, Emily M. Fehrman] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Lombardi, Jack, III; Heckman, Emily M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aga, RS (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Roberto.Aga.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 51 IS 11 AR 114602 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.11.114602 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 083KJ UT WOS:000314462100040 ER PT J AU Moeller, TM Smith, LM Collins, FG Labello, JM Rogers, JP Lowry, HS Crider, DH AF Moeller, Trevor M. Smith, L. Montgomery Collins, Frank G. Labello, Jesse M. Rogers, James P. Lowry, Heard S. Crider, Dustin H. TI Measurement of the accumulation of water ice on optical components in cryogenic vacuum environments SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cryogenic; contamination; thin film; interference AB Standard vacuum practices mitigate the presence of water vapor and contamination inside cryogenic vacuum chambers. However, anomalies can occur in the facility that can cause the accumulation of amorphous water ice on optics and test articles. Under certain conditions, the amorphous ice on optical components shatters, which leads to a reduction in signal or failure of the component. An experiment was performed to study and measure the deposition of water (H2O) ice on optical surfaces under high-vacuum cryogenic conditions. Water was introduced into a cryogenic vacuum chamber, via a hydrated molecular sieve zeolite, through an effusion cell and impinged upon a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) and first-surface gold-plated mirror. A laser and photodiode setup, external to the vacuum chamber, monitored the multiple-beam interference reflectance of the ice-mirror configuration while the QCM measured the mass deposition. Data indicates that water ice, under these conditions, accumulates as a thin film on optical surfaces to thicknesses over 45 microns and can be detected and measured by nonintrusive optical methods which are based upon multiple-beam interference phenomena. The QCM validated the interference measurements. This experiment established proof-of-concept for a miniature system for monitoring ice accumulation within the chamber. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.11.115601] C1 [Moeller, Trevor M.; Smith, L. Montgomery; Collins, Frank G.; Labello, Jesse M.; Rogers, James P.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Lowry, Heard S.; Crider, Dustin H.] Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. RP Moeller, TM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM tmoeller@utsi.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 51 IS 11 AR 115601 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.11.115601 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 083KJ UT WOS:000314462100050 ER PT J AU Bentley, BI Greendyke, RB AF Bentley, Brook I. Greendyke, Robert B. TI New method of calculating adsorption and scattering for Xe-Pt(111) using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo techniques SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption; atom-surface impact; Monte Carlo methods; platinum; xenon ID SURFACE INTERACTION-MODEL; TRAPPING DYNAMICS; PT(111); XE; EXTENSIONS; XENON AB A new scheme is presented for calculating adsorption and scattering for a gas-surface system in the thermal scattering regime using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo techniques. Results are compared with experimental data for the Xe-Pt(111) gas-surface system at surface temperatures of 95 K (adsorption) and 800 K (scattering). Fair agreement is found for the initial adsorption probability, while good agreement is found for the adsorption probability versus coverage. When implemented with the Cercignani-Lampis-Lord scattering kernel, the new scheme was found to improve scattering properties. Any scattering kernel or method amenable to Direct Simulation Monte Carlo techniques may be applied with the new scheme. Optimal values of accommodation coefficients were also found for the surface (alpha(n) = 0.74, alpha(t) = 0.60) and the adlayer (alpha(n,ad) = 0.89, alpha(t,ad) = 0.60). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4748801] C1 [Bentley, Brook I.; Greendyke, Robert B.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Bentley, BI (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High-Power Microwaves Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, United States Air Force FX We gratefully acknowledge the continued support and sponsorship of Dr. Nathaniel Lockwood, High-Power Microwaves Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, United States Air Force. Financial support was graciously provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 061401 DI 10.1116/1.4748801 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 042GA UT WOS:000311458500009 ER PT J AU Sodemann, AA Ross, MP Borghetti, BJ AF Sodemann, Angela A. Ross, Matthew P. Borghetti, Brett J. TI A Review of Anomaly Detection in Automated Surveillance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Abnormal behavior; anomaly detection; automated surveillance; behavior classification; machine learning ID ABNORMAL-BEHAVIOR DETECTION; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; VIDEO-SURVEILLANCE; EVENT DETECTION; ACTIVITY RECOGNITION; VISUAL SURVEILLANCE; MOTION; INTELLIGENT; SYSTEM; PATTERNS AB As surveillance becomes ubiquitous, the amount of data to be processed grows along with the demand for manpower to interpret the data. A key goal of surveillance is to detect behaviors that can be considered anomalous. As a result, an extensive body of research in automated surveillance has been developed, often with the goal of automatic detection of anomalies. Research into anomaly detection in automated surveillance covers a wide range of domains, employing a vast array of techniques. This review presents an overview of recent research approaches on the topic of anomaly detection in automated surveillance. The reviewed studies are analyzed across five aspects: surveillance target, anomaly definitions and assumptions, types of sensors used and the feature extraction processes, learning methods, and modeling algorithms. C1 [Sodemann, Angela A.] Arizona State Univ, Coll Technol & Innovat, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. [Ross, Matthew P.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Borghetti, Brett J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sodemann, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Coll Technol & Innovat, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. EM angela.sodemann@gmail.com; matthew.ross@us.af.mil; brett.borghetti@afit.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor H. Liu. NR 102 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 45 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6977 EI 1558-2442 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1272 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2215319 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 061YE UT WOS:000312885400011 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM AF Cummings, Russell M. TI Introduction: SACCON Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicle Experimental and Numerical Simulations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1541 DI 10.2514/1.C032134 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 060GH UT WOS:000312764000001 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Schutte, A AF Cummings, Russell M. Schuette, Andreas TI Integrated Computational/Experimental Approach to Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Stability and Control Estimation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; F-16XL AIRCRAFT; WIND-TUNNEL; PREDICTION; AERODYNAMICS; PROJECT; FLOWS; STALL; GRIDS AB A comprehensive research program designed to investigate the ability of computational methods to predict stability and control characteristics of a generic unmanned combat air vehicle has been undertaken. The integrated approach to simulating static and dynamic stability characteristics was performed by the NATO Research and Technology Organization Task Group AVT-161. The vehicle named Stability and Control CONfiguration (SACCON) was the subject of an intensive computational and experimental study. The stability characteristics of the vehicle were evaluated via a highly integrated approach, where computational fluid dynamics and experimental results were used in a parallel and collaborative fashion. The results show that computational methods have made great strides in predicting static and dynamic stability characteristics, but several key issues need to be resolved before efficient, affordable, and reliable predictions are available. C1 [Cummings, Russell M.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Schuette, Andreas] German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Flow Technol, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1542 EP 1557 DI 10.2514/1.C031430 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 060GH UT WOS:000312764000002 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Kurdi, M Beran, P McClung, A AF Stanford, Bret Kurdi, Mohammad Beran, Philip McClung, Aaron TI Shape, Structure, and Kinematic Parameterization of a Power-Optimal Hovering Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID HAWKMOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; FLEXIBLE WINGS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; FLIGHT; AIR; AERODYNAMICS; VEHICLE; FORCES AB In this paper, we investigate the aeroelastic hovering motions of a highly flexible flapping wing. It is desired to parameterize the wing shape, structural composition, and kinematic hovering motions, and then minimize the peak power required during the stroke, subject to trim and mechanical failure constraints. The aeroelastic model couples a nonlinear three-dimensional beam model to a quasi-steady blade element aerodynamic model, which is then solved in an implicit time-marching manner until the response becomes time-periodic. Sub-iterations are used within each time step to accommodate various physical nonlinearities. Gradients of the response with respect to the disparate design variables are computed analytically for optimization. Power-optimal flapping configurations are found to exploit interdependencies among the three types of design variables to effectively tailor the aeroelastic response. C1 [Stanford, Bret] USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kurdi, Mohammad] Penn State Univ, Div Business & Engn, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr. Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Fariba Fahroo). The research was performed while the first, second, and fourth authors held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1687 EP 1699 DI 10.2514/1.C031094 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 060GH UT WOS:000312764000012 ER PT J AU Morgan, PE Visbal, MR AF Morgan, Philip E. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes/Large-Eddy Simulation Investigating Control of Flow over a Turret SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID SCHEMES; MESHES; MODEL; WAKE AB This investigation explores the flow over a turret at M-infinity = 0.4 and Re-D = 2.4 x 10(6) using both hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/implicit large-eddy simulation (RANS/ILES) and k-epsilon-based unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations. Additional hybrid RANS/ILES simulations were performed to compare the effectiveness of two steady-suction flow control approaches. The hybrid RANS/ILES computations were obtained using a well-validated high-order Navier-Stokes flow solver employing a fourth-order compact spatial discretization in conjunction with a sixth-order low-pass spatial filter. The URANS simulations were performed using a second-order version of the flow solver and k-epsilon turbulence model. The turret configuration consisted of a half-foot radius hemisphere atop a 4.5-in.-tall circular cylinder base. Both steady suction through a slot and a leeward porous turret shell were explored as forms of flow control. Time-mean hybrid RANS/ILES results, obtained on a 23 x 10(6)-point mesh, compared reasonably well to experimental pressure coefficient and velocity profiles for the baseline flow. The separation angle was predicted to within 3 deg of experimental observations. The instantaneous hybrid RANS/ILES solutions display complex three-dimensional flow phenomena in the wake of the turret that the k-epsilon URANS model was unable to resolve. Both steady-suction flow control approaches successfully attached the flow over most the turret dome and significantly reduced the size of the wake. C1 [Morgan, Philip E.] USAF, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morgan, PE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers FX The authors are grateful for U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research sponsorship under tasks monitored by Rhett Jefferies and A. Nachman. This work was also supported in part by grants of computer time from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers. The authors are grateful to Donald Rizzetta, Scott Sherer, and Michael White for many helpful discussions. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Jonathan Poggie for assistance in postprocessing experimental data. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1700 EP 1717 DI 10.2514/1.C031239 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 060GH UT WOS:000312764000013 ER PT J AU Kittle, CP Verrett, AJ Wu, J Mellus, DE Hale, RG Chan, RK AF Kittle, Christopher P. Verrett, Adam J. Wu, Jesse Mellus, Davin E. Hale, Robert G. Chan, Rodney K. TI Characterization of Midface Fractures Incurred in Recent Wars SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Maxillofacial; facial fractures; early rigid fixation; blast injury ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; IRAQI-FREEDOM; CASUALTIES; INJURIES; THEATER AB Background: Facial injuries sustained by US military personnel during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have increased compared with past conflicts. Characterization of midface fractures (orbits, maxilla, zygoma, and nasal bones) sustained on the battlefield is needed to improve our understanding of these injuries, to optimize treatment, and to potentially direct strategic development of protective equipment in the future. Methods: The military's Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried for midface fractures from 2001 to 2011 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes. Stratification was then performed, and individual treatment records from Brooke Army Medical Center were reviewed. Analysis of the fracture pattern, treatment, and complications was performed. Results: One thousand seven hundred sixty individuals with midface fractures were identified. Those fractures sustained in battle were characterized by a predominance of open fractures, blast etiology, and associated injuries. Detailed record reviews of the patients treated at our institution revealed 45% of all midface fractures as operative. Thirty-one percent of these were treated at levels III and IV facilities outside the continental United States before arrival at our institution. Patients with midface fractures underwent multiple operations. There was a 30% rate of complication among operative fractures characterized by malalignment, implant exposure, and infection. Midface battle injuries also had a high incidence of orbital fractures and severe globe injuries. Conclusions: Midface fractures sustained in the battlefield have a high complication rate, likely as a result of the blast mechanism of injury with associated open fractures, multiple fractures, and associated injuries. These cases present unique challenges, often requiring both soft tissue and skeletal reconstruction. C1 [Mellus, Davin E.; Hale, Robert G.; Chan, Rodney K.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kittle, Christopher P.; Wu, Jesse] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Verrett, Adam J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chan, RK (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3650 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM rodney.k.chan@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1587 EP 1591 DI 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318256514a PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 048DB UT WOS:000311889300055 PM 23172425 ER PT J AU Bentley, BI Greendyke, RB AF Bentley, Brook I. Greendyke, Robert B. TI Shock Structure Solution by Hybrid Flowfield Methods SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM; CONTINUUM; SOLVER; WAVES; FLOW; ARGON AB A hybrid kinetic-based code, the Unified Flow Solver, is called on to investigate the internal structure of a normal shock wave for a Mach range of 1.55 to 9.0 for Argon, and 1.53 to 3.8 for diatomic Nitrogen. Reciprocal shock thickness, density, temperature, heat flux, and the partially-integrated velocity distribution function are calculated for a one-dimensional shock wave and compared with experimental data and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo results. The models used in the Unified Flow Solver include the Euler, Navier-Stokes, Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook, and the three-temperature Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook schemes. In particular, hybrid results of coupled kinetic-based solvers (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook with Navier Stokes, and three-temperature Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook with Euler) are compared with uncoupled kinetic models (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook and three-temperature Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook). To correctly couple the solvers near a shock wave at moderate Knudsen numbers, a relevant switching parameter is chosen. Hybrid solvers are here shown to be attractive alternatives to uncoupled methods because they can produce almost identical results with lower computational costs. On average, the Argon and Nitrogen hybrid simulations are 1.8 and 1.3 times faster, respectively. C1 [Bentley, Brook I.; Greendyke, Robert B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bentley, BI (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brook.Bentley@afit.edu; Robert.Greendyke@afit.edu FU Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This work would not have been possible without the guidance and funding of Datta Gaitonde and Eswar Josyula of the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Robert Arslanbekov and Vladimir Kolobov from the CFD Research Corporation (CFDRC) provided indispensable comments regarding the use of Unified Flow Solver (UFS). The CFDRC was contracted by AFRL in 2006 to create UFS. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1068 DI 10.2514/1.A32179 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 064NS UT WOS:000313082900010 ER PT J AU Park, M Krishnamoorthy, K Darbha, S Chandler, P Pachter, M AF Park, M. Krishnamoorthy, K. Darbha, S. Chandler, P. Pachter, M. TI State partitioning based linear program for stochastic dynamic programs: An invariance property SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Approximate dynamic programming; Linear programming; State aggregation ID DECISION-PROCESSES; AGGREGATION; BOUNDS AB A common approximate dynamic programming method entails state partitioning and the use of linear programming, i.e., the state-space is partitioned and the optimal value function is approximated by a constant over each partition. By minimizing a positive cost function defined on the partitions, one can construct an upper bound for the optimal value function. We show that this approximate value function is independent of the positive cost function and that it is the least upper bound, given the partitions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.] Infoscitex Corp, Technol Solut Div, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Park, M.; Darbha, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chandler, P.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Technol Solut Div, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 40 IS 6 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2012.08.006 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 056DL UT WOS:000312468500014 ER PT J AU MacDonald, NA Cappelli, MA Hargus, WA AF MacDonald, N. A. Cappelli, M. A. Hargus, W. A., Jr. TI Time-synchronized continuous wave laser-induced fluorescence on an oscillatory xenon discharge SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A novel approach to time-synchronizing laser-induced fluorescence measurements to an oscillating current in a 60 Hz xenon discharge lamp using a continuous wave laser is presented. A sample-hold circuit is implemented to separate out signals at different phases along a current cycle, and is followed by a lock-in amplifier to pull out the resulting time-synchronized fluorescence trace from the large background signal. The time evolution of lower state population is derived from the changes in intensity of the fluorescence excitation line shape resulting from laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the 6s'[1/2](1)(0)-6p'[3/2](2) xenon atomic transition at lambda = 834.68 nm. Results show that the lower state population oscillates at twice the frequency of the discharge current, 120 Hz. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766958] C1 [MacDonald, N. A.; Cappelli, M. A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Plasma Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hargus, W. A., Jr.] AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP MacDonald, NA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Plasma Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sasha.macdonald@gmail.com FU Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) scholarship program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX N. MacDonald acknowledges the Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) scholarship program for support of her research. Research at Stanford is funded through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research with Dr. M. Birkan as grant monitor. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 83 IS 11 AR 113506 DI 10.1063/1.4766958 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 050DY UT WOS:000312034400018 PM 23206061 ER PT J AU Burnett, RL Terry, RE Sweetwood, RV Webster, D Murtha, T Silverstein, J AF Burnett, Richard L. Terry, Richard E. Sweetwood, Ryan V. Webster, David Murtha, Tim Silverstein, Jay TI Upland and Lowland Soil Resources of the Ancient Maya at Tikal, Guatemala SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; PREHISTORIC FOREST CLEARANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; MAIZE AGRICULTURE; PETEXBATUN REGION; TROPICAL SOILS; LANDSCAPE; TURNOVER; RATIOS; BELIZE AB Debate over agricultural methods and productivity during the Preclassic and Classic Maya period (1000 BCE to 900 CE) focuses on the agronomic utility of both upland and lowland soil resources of the karst topography characteristic of northern Guatemala and much of the Yucatan peninsula. In settings where direct evidence of agriculture is sparse, stable carbon (C) isotope evidence from soil organic matter (SOM) provides information on past vegetation changes related to ancient maize agriculture. Areas of ancient sustained maize cultivation can be identified in an ecosystem dominated by C-3 forest vegetation because of the unique C-4 photosynthetic pathway of maize. The decomposition of plant materials with divergent photosynthetic mechanisms (C-3 versus C-4) results in SOM with correspondingly distinct stable C isotope ratios (delta C-13). Such differences are preserved and detectable within the refractory humin fraction of the SOM. This study analyzes the physical and chemical soil properties including stable C isotopes of soils collected from upland and lowland locations near Tikal, Guatemala. Toes lope soils contained strong isotopic evidence of C4 vegetation likely the result of ancient maize agriculture, while the evidence from shallow soils of the summit and backslopes was less conclusive. In both upland and lowland contexts, however, the stronger evidence of ancient vegetation shifts associated with maize agriculture was found in the deeper fine-textured soils in the footslopes and toeslopes. Examination of soils on toeslopes revealed evidence of deposition from erosional processes upslope that may have been related to the spread of agriculture to less productive soils over time. C1 [Burnett, Richard L.; Terry, Richard E.; Sweetwood, Ryan V.] Brigham Young Univ, Dep Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Webster, David] Penn State Univ, Dep Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Murtha, Tim] Penn State Univ, Dep Landscape Architecture, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Silverstein, Jay] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Intelligence & GIS Sect, Hickam Afb, HI 96853 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dep Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM richard_terry@byu.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0443280]; Brigham Young University FX This portion of the Re-evaluation of the Earthworks at Tikal, Guatemala, project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant BCS-0443280) and by Brigham Young University. The Instituto de Antropologia e Historia, the Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas, and the Parque Nacional Tikal of Guatemala granted permission for this research to take place. The Re-evaluation of the Earthworks at Tikal, Guatemala, project thanks all those who assisted with the collection, preparation, and analysis of the soil samples. Special thanks go to Horacio Martinez, Walter Alvarado, and Kirk Straight for their contributions to this study. We acknowledge the work of the anonymous reviewers who helped to improve this paper. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 2083 EP 2096 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0224 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 052EI UT WOS:000312180100018 ER PT J AU Gengler, JJ Shenogin, SV Bultman, JE Roy, AK Voevodin, AA Muratore, C AF Gengler, Jamie J. Shenogin, Sergei V. Bultman, John E. Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. Muratore, Chris TI Limited thermal conductance of metal-carbon interfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIO FORCE-FIELD; NANOTUBE; GRAPHENE AB The thermal conductance for a series of metal-graphite interfaces has been experimentally measured with time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR). For metals with Debye temperatures up to similar to 400K, a linear relationship exists with the thermal conductance values. For metals with Debye temperatures in excess of similar to 400 K, the measured metal-graphite thermal conductance values remain constant near 60MW m(-2) K-1. Titanium showed slightly higher conductance than aluminum, despite the closeness of atomic mass and Debye temperature for the two metals. Surface analysis was used to identify the presence of titanium carbide at the interface in contrast to the aluminum and gold-carbon interfaces (with no detectable carbide phases). It was also observed that air-cleaved graphite surfaces in contact with metals yielded slightly higher thermal conductance than graphite surfaces cleaved in vacuo. Examination of samples with scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lack of absorbed molecules on the graphite surface resulted in differences in transducer film morphology, thereby altering the interface conductance. Classical molecular dynamic simulations of metal-carbon nanotube thermal conductance values were calculated and compared to the TDTR results. The upper limit of metal-graphite thermal conductance is attributed to the decreased coupling at higher frequencies of the lighter metals studied, and to the decreased heat capacity for higher vibrational frequency modes. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764006] C1 [Gengler, Jamie J.; Shenogin, Sergei V.; Bultman, John E.; Roy, Ajit K.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Muratore, Chris] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Shenogin, Sergei V.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Bultman, John E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gengler, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.gengler.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-09-D-5307] FX The authors express thanks to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding through the Low Density Materials Program, Grant FA8650-09-D-5307. We are also grateful for thin film thickness analyses performed by Ivan Petrov and Brandon Howe (Rutherford Backscattering Facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and by Jared Shank and Fred Meisenkothen (electron probe microanalysis at Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Characterization Facility). NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 9 AR 094904 DI 10.1063/1.4764006 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049FS UT WOS:000311968400136 ER PT J AU Martirosyan, KS Zyskin, M Jenkins, CM Horie, Y AF Martirosyan, Karen S. Zyskin, Maxim Jenkins, Charles M. Horie, Yasuyuki (Yuki) TI Modeling and simulation of pressure waves generated by nano-thermite reactions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB This paper reports the modeling of pressure waves from the explosive reaction of nano-thermites consisting of mixtures of nanosized aluminum and oxidizer granules. Such nanostructured thermites have higher energy density (up to 26 kJ/cm(3)) and can generate a transient pressure pulse four times larger than that from trinitrotoluene (TNT) based on volume equivalence. A plausible explanation for the high pressure generation is that the reaction times are much shorter than the time for a shock wave to propagate away from the reagents region so that all the reaction energy is dumped into the gaseous products almost instantaneously and thereby a strong shock wave is generated. The goal of the modeling is to characterize the gas dynamic behavior for thermite reactions in a cylindrical reaction chamber and to model the experimentally measured pressure histories. To simplify the details of the initial stage of the explosive reaction, it is assumed that the reaction generates a one dimensional shock wave into an air-filled cylinder and propagates down the tube in a self-similar mode. Experimental data for Al/Bi2O3 mixtures were used to validate the model with attention focused on the ratio of specific heats and the drag coefficient. Model predictions are in good agreement with the measured pressure histories. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764319] C1 [Martirosyan, Karen S.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Phys & Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Zyskin, Maxim] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Jenkins, Charles M.; Horie, Yasuyuki (Yuki)] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Martirosyan, KS (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Phys & Astron, 80 Ft Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM karen.martirosyan@utb.edu RI Martirosyan, Karen/J-8814-2013 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida [FA8651-12-1 0001 (96ABW-2012-0287)] FX The research was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida under Agreement No. FA8651-12-1 0001 (96ABW-2012-0287). The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes not withstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 9 AR 094319 DI 10.1063/1.4764319 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049FS UT WOS:000311968400113 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, KS Corley, CA Cope, EK Valentine, MC Leid, JG Purdy, GM Wilkes, JS Koppisch, AT Del Sesto, RE AF Lovejoy, Katherine S. Corley, Cynthia A. Cope, Emily K. Valentine, Michael C. Leid, Jeff G. Purdy, Geraldine M. Wilkes, John S. Koppisch, Andrew T. Del Sesto, Rico E. TI Utilization of Metal Halide Species Ambiguity to Develop Amorphous, Stabilized Pharmaceutical Agents As Ionic Liquids SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ACETYLSALICYLIC-ACID; TEMPERATURE; SALTS; MIXTURES; SOLVENTS; CHLORIDE; INGREDIENTS; COMPLEXES; CATALYSIS; KINETICS AB A new strategy employs amorphous melts of active pharmaceutical agents, which are formed with metal chlorides, including ZnCl2, through speciation ambiguity. The Lewis acidic, bioinorganic ionic liquid formulations improve shelf life and water solubility and eliminate issues related to crystal polymorphism. This broad-ranging approach produces thermally robust chlorometallate preparations for use as lotions, antibiofilm agents, and in situations without refrigeration. C1 [Lovejoy, Katherine S.; Purdy, Geraldine M.; Del Sesto, Rico E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Corley, Cynthia A.; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cope, Emily K.; Valentine, Michael C.; Leid, Jeff G.; Koppisch, Andrew T.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Del Sesto, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop J514,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klovejoy@lanl.gov; ricod@lanl.gov OI Lovejoy, Katherine/0000-0002-9606-9453 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program; U.S. Department of Energy through Postdoctoral Research and Development Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD and Postdoctoral Research and Development Programs for this work. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5357 EP 5364 DI 10.1021/cg300969u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 039IZ UT WOS:000311240100026 ER PT J AU Hoff, BW Greenwood, AD Mardahl, PJ Haworth, MD AF Hoff, Brad W. Greenwood, Andrew D. Mardahl, Peter J. Haworth, Michael D. TI All Cavity-Magnetron Axial Extraction Technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High power microwaves; relativistic magnetron; radio-frequency extraction ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; CATHODE AB A compact axial pi-mode extraction scheme, which is based on a patent by Greenwood, is demonstrated in conjunction with the UM/L-3 relativistic magnetron using the particle-in-cell code ICEPIC. Cases utilizing Greenwood's extraction technique were compared with power extraction using traditional radial waveguides. Average extracted power values in all simulated axial cases were found to be within +/-6.5% of the radial cases. Cases utilizing 85 degrees and 90 degrees sector waveguides were found to have efficiencies up to ten percentage points higher than the radial case. The best performing case was found to use a set of three axially oriented 90 degrees sector waveguides, shorted on the upstream side, with the short located 15 cm from the center of the magnetron apertures. C1 [Hoff, Brad W.; Greenwood, Andrew D.; Mardahl, Peter J.; Haworth, Michael D.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Hoff, BW (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR LRIR 11RD01COR]; Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program [AFKED01314C4O] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR LRIR 11RD01COR, and by the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program under Subproject AFKED01314C4O. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3046 EP 3051 DI 10.1109/TPS.2012.2217758 PN 3 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 040VU UT WOS:000311354100003 ER PT J AU Wolf, G Cifu, D Baugh, L Carne, W Profenna, L AF Wolf, George Cifu, David Baugh, Laura Carne, William Profenna, Leonardo TI The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE hyperbaric oxygen; post-concussive syndrome; traumatic brain injury ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PLACEBO-RESPONSE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; AFGHANISTAN; CONCUSSION; CHECKLIST; THERAPY; TRIALS; IRAQ AB In this single-center, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, prospective trial at the U. S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, the effects of 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) on post-concussion symptoms in 50 military service members with at least one combat-related, mild traumatic brain injury were examined. Each subject received 30 sessions of either a sham compression (room air at 1.3 ATA) or HBO2 treatments at 2.4 ATA over an 8-week period. Individual and total symptoms scores on Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT (R)) and composite scores on Post-traumatic Disorder Check List-Military Version (PCL-M) were measured just prior to intervention and 6 weeks after completion of intervention. Difference testing of post-intervention means between the sham-control and HBO2 group revealed no significant differences on the PCL-M composite score (t= -0.205, p = 0.84) or on the ImPACT total score (t= -0.943, p = 0.35), demonstrating no significant effect for HBO2 at 2.4 ATA. PCL-M composite scores and ImPACT total scores for sham-control and HBO2 groups revealed significant improvement over the course of the study for both the sham-control group (t = 3.76, p = 0.001) and the HBO2 group (t = 3.90, p = 0.001), demonstrating no significant HBO2 effect. Paired t-test results revealed 10 ImPACT scale scores in the sham-control group improved from pre- to post-testing, whereas two scale scores significantly improved in the HBO2 group. One PCL-M measure improved from pre- to post-testing in both groups. This study showed that HBO2 at 2.4 ATA pressure had no effect on post-concussive symptoms after mild TBI. C1 [Wolf, George; Baugh, Laura; Profenna, Leonardo] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Hyperbar Med Dept, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Cifu, David] PM&R Program Off, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Cifu, David; Carne, William] Hunter Holmes McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. [Baugh, Laura] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Carne, William] Richmond Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. RP Cifu, D (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 1223 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM dcifu@vcu.edu FU Air Force Medical Support Agency Medical Modernization Directorate; 711th Human Performance Wing for the primary study; U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [N66001-09-2-206]; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center FX Funding was provided by the Air Force Medical Support Agency Medical Modernization Directorate and the 711th Human Performance Wing for the primary study. The U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery provided contract funding for temporary duty requirements, and the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity provided funding for end of the study.; Dr. Cifu's efforts were supported, in part, through a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency grant (N66001-09-2-206) and a contract from the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity. Dr. Carne's efforts were supported, in part, through contracts from the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center. The funding sources had no role in the study design, analysis, interpretation of the data, the writing of the paper, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 EI 1557-9042 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 29 IS 17 BP 2606 EP 2612 DI 10.1089/neu.2012.2549 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047QU UT WOS:000311856400002 PM 23031217 ER PT J AU Tang, W Shiffler, D Golby, K LaCour, M Knowles, T AF Tang, Wilkin Shiffler, Don Golby, Ken LaCour, Matthew Knowles, Tim TI Experimental study of electric field screening by the proximity of two carbon fiber cathodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; EMISSION; EQUATIONS; DISPLAY AB This paper describes the first experiments that use only two carbon fiber field emitters with different separations to quantify and isolate the effect of electric field screening. Experiments show that when the separation between the two carbon fiber cathodes decreases, both the effective field enhancement factor, beta(eff), and the current emission decreases. For a two-emitter geometry, our experiment suggests a height of approximately 1.5 times the separation between the two cathodes as the optimum ratio to optimize the emitted current. The paper shows the analysis of the turn on voltage of the field emitters for different separations. The authors compare experimental data with Fowler-Nordheim field emission theory and particle-in-cell simulation, showing good agreement between experiment, theory, and modeling. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4759254] C1 [Tang, Wilkin; Shiffler, Don] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matthew] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Knowles, Tim] Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM wilkin.tang@kirtland.af.mil FU LRIR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. J. W. Luginsland, Dr. S. Heidger, and Dr. M. D. Haworth for many helpful discussions and insight regarding this work. This work was supported by an LRIR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 061803 DI 10.1116/1.4759254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 045AV UT WOS:000311667300096 ER PT J AU Dang, T Shima, D Balakrishnan, G Chen, AT Bedford, RG AF Tuoc Dang Shima, Darryl Balakrishnan, Ganesh Chen, Antao Bedford, Robert G. TI Low homologous temperature (< 0.2) sputtering of indium films on silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LEAD-FREE SOLDERS; GROWTH; IMPACT AB Substrate temperature is used to control the film morphology and packing of indium metal deposited by DC sputtering. Indium is sputtered on silicon at room- and liquid nitrogen cryogenic-temperatures resulting in very different homologous temperatures of 0.7 and 0.17. The deposition of the indium film at <0.2 homologous temperature results in increased film packing density, reduced voids, and a near specular indium surface which is very different from the extremely rough room temperature sample. The samples are characterized using atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area electron diffraction. This technique for achieving low surface roughness indium has many potential uses for microelectronic packaging. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4753818] C1 [Tuoc Dang; Bedford, Robert G.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shima, Darryl; Balakrishnan, Ganesh] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Chen, Antao] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP Dang, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR Lab [08RY08COR]; U.S. Joint Technology Office [AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0573]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0482] FX This work was supported by AFOSR Lab Task Number 08RY08COR, AFOSR Young Investigator Program Grant Number FA9550-10-1-0482, and by a U. S. Joint Technology Office Grant Number AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0573. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 060602 DI 10.1116/1.4753818 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 045AV UT WOS:000311667300080 ER PT J AU Dion, GR Eller, RL Thomas, RF AF Dion, Gregory R. Eller, Robert L. Thomas, Roy F. TI Diagnosing Aerodynamic Supraglottic Collapse With Rest and Exercise Flexible Laryngoscopy SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article DE Supraglottic collapse; Inspiratory stridor; Abnormal arytenoid motion; Arytenoids; Laryngomalacia; Adult laryngomalacia; Exercise induced laryngomalacia ID VOCAL FOLD MOVEMENT; INDUCED LARYNGOMALACIA; ABNORMAL MOVEMENT; DYSFUNCTION; OBSTRUCTION; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT; MOTION; ASTHMA; COUGH AB Objective. Laryngomalacia is best known as a self-resolving infantile disorder characterized by inspiratory stridor with occlusion of the larynx by collapse of arytenoid tissues due to Bernoulli forces. Adult laryngomalacia has been sporadically described in the literature. We identified a series of patients with aerodynamic supraglottic collapse mimicking laryngomalacia in our Otolaryngology clinic. Study Design. Case series. Methods/Patients. A series of five patients from our Otolaryngology clinic with aerodynamic supraglottic collapse presented with complaints ranging from noisy breathing to dyspnea with exertion. Diagnosis was made using rest and exercise flexible laryngoscopy. Results. Symptoms resolved in all patients who underwent traditional or modified supraglottoplasty. Conclusions. These patients, all with abnormal corniculate/cuneiform motion occluding the airway during forceful inspiration, reinforce the diagnostic role of rest and exercise flexible laryngoscopy in patients with dyspnea and stridor. These results may suggest that aerodynamic supraglottic collapse is an underdiagnosed clinical entity. C1 [Dion, Gregory R.; Thomas, Roy F.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Eller, Robert L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dion, GR (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr SAMMC Otolaryngol, ATTN MCHE SDT Oto 3551 Roger Brooke Dr Ft Sam, Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM greg.r.dion@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0892-1997 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD NOV PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 779 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.01.004 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 041VC UT WOS:000311428300015 PM 22721783 ER PT J AU Sikora, JM Tankersley, MS AF Sikora, Jeremy M. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Adult immunizations: updates and practical guidance for the practicing allergist-immunologist SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HEPATITIS-B-VACCINE; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HERPES-ZOSTER; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; PRACTICES ACIP; RECOMBINANT VACCINE C1 [Sikora, Jeremy M.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy & Immunol Div, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sikora, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy & Immunol Div, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM jeremy.sikora@us.af.mil NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2012.03.015 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 041VK UT WOS:000311429100005 PM 23062382 ER PT J AU Burson, R AF Burson, Rebecca TI Affective manifestations of Stiff-Person Syndrome: a case report with clinical considerations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burson, Rebecca] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Burson, Rebecca] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Burson, Rebecca] PGY IV, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1365-1501 J9 INT J PSYCHIAT CLIN JI Int. J. Psychiat. Clin. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 16 SU 1 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 033PD UT WOS:000310809300041 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JC Pearson, RD AF McCarthy, Jason C. Pearson, Ryan D. TI What's new in type 2 diabetes? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY PREVENTION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; BLADDER-CANCER; ASSOCIATION; EXENATIDE; MELLITUS; RISK C1 [McCarthy, Jason C.; Pearson, Ryan D.] Travis AFB Family Med Residency, Travis, CA USA. RP McCarthy, JC (reprint author), 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM Jason.McCarthy.6@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 61 IS 11 BP 646 EP 651 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 040MG UT WOS:000311326100002 PM 23256094 ER PT J AU Bostick, AW Naworol, GA Britton, TJ Ori, TR French, SK Derdak, S AF Bostick, Adam W. Naworol, Gregory A. Britton, Tyler J. Ori, Timothy R. French, Shawn K. Derdak, Stephen TI Inspiratory Limb Carbon Dioxide Entrainment During High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation: Characterization in a Mechanical Test Lung and Swine Model SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; retrograde carbon dioxide entrainment; carbon dioxide rebreathing; hypercapnia; acute respiratory distress syndrome; active exhalation ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; TIDAL VOLUME; ADULTS AB BACKGROUND: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been utilized as a rescue oxygenation therapy in adults with ARDS over the last decade. The HFOV oscillating piston can generate negative pressure during the exhalation cycle, which has been termed active exhalation. We hypothesized that this characteristic of HFOV entrains CO2 into the inspiratory limb of the circuit and increases the total dead space. The purpose of this study was to determine if retrograde CO, entrainment occurs and how it is altered by HFOV parameter settings. METHODS: An HFOV was interfaced to a cuffed endotracheal tube and connected to a mechanical test lung. Negative pressure changes within the circuit's inspiratory limb were measured while HFOV settings were manipulated. Retrograde CO, entrainment was evaluated by insufflating CO2 into the test lung to achieve 40 mm Hg at the carina. Inspiratory limb CO2 entrainment was measured at incremental distances from the Y-piece. HFOV settings and cuff leak were varied to assess their effect on CO2 entrainment. Control experiments were conducted using a conventional ventilator. Test lung results were validated on a large hypercapnic swine. RESULTS: Negative pressure was detectable within the inspiratory limb of the HFOV circuit and varied inversely with mean airway pressure ((P) over bar (aw)) and directly with oscillatory pressure amplitude (Delta P). CO2 was readily detectable within the inspiratory limb and was proportional to the negative pressure that was generated. Factors that decreased CO2 entrainment in both the test lung and swine included low AP, high mean airway pressure, high oscillatory frequency (Hz), high bias flow, and endotracheal tube cuff leak placement. CO2 entrainment was also reduced by utilizing a higher bias flow strategy at any targeted mean airway pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde CO2 entrainment occurs during HFOV use and can be manipulated with the ventilator settings. This phenomenon may have clinical implications on the development or persistence of hypercapnia. C1 [Bostick, Adam W.; French, Shawn K.; Derdak, Stephen] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Naworol, Gregory A.; Britton, Tyler J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Resp Care, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Ori, Timothy R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bostick, AW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, 59MDW SGO5P,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bostickaw@gmail.com FU Clinical Investigation Directorate of Wilford Hall Medical Center FX This research was partly supported by the Clinical Investigation Directorate of Wilford Hall Medical Center. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1865 EP 1872 DI 10.4187/respcare.01563 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 043CU UT WOS:000311521300005 PM 22613503 ER PT J AU Starman, L Coutu, R AF Starman, L. Coutu, R., Jr. TI Stress Monitoring of Post-processed MEMS Silicon Microbridge Structures Using Raman Spectroscopy SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Stress; MEMS; Polysilicon; Implants ID LPCVD-POLYSILICON; POROUS SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MECHANICAL-STRESS; YOUNGS MODULUS; MEMBRANES; DIAMOND; FILMS AB Inherent residual stresses during material deposition can have profound effects on the functionality and reliability of fabricated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. Residual stress often causes device failure due to curling, buckling, or fracture. Typically, the material properties of thin films used in surface micromachining are not well controlled during deposition. The residual stress; for example, tends to vary significantly for different deposition methods. Currently, few nondestructive techniques are available to measure residual stress in MEMS devices prior to the final release etch. In this research, micro-Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the residual stresses in polysilicon MEMS microbridge devices. This measurement technique was selected since it is nondestructive, fast, and provides the potential for in-situ stress monitoring. Raman spectroscopy residual stress profiles on unreleased and released MEMS microbridge beams are compared to analytical and FEM models to assess the viability of micro-Raman spectroscopy as an in-situ stress measurement technique. Raman spectroscopy was used during post-processing phosphorus ion implants on unreleased MEMS devices to investigate and monitor residual stress levels at key points during the post-processing sequences. As observed through Raman stress profiles and verified using on-chip test structures, the post-processing implants and accompanying anneals resulted in residual stress relaxation of over 90%. C1 [Starman, L.; Coutu, R., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Starman, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lavern.Starman@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Material and Manufacturing Directorate FX The financial support and sponsorship of this project were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Material and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors are also thankful to the AFRL Sensors Directorate for their technical assistance. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1341 EP 1353 DI 10.1007/s11340-011-9586-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 034SB UT WOS:000310892100008 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Joseph, J Zhang, Q Maschmann, MR Dai, L Baur, J AF Lu, Y. C. Joseph, J. Zhang, Q. Maschmann, M. R. Dai, L. Baur, J. TI Large-Displacement Indentation Testing of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes; Indentation; Large deformation ID DEEP PENETRATION; COMPRESSION; FOAM; TURF AB Mechanical properties and deformation of the vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VA-CNTs) has been examined with large-displacement indentation tests inside a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The in-situ indentation allows for establishment of the load-depth responses and real-time observations of the deformation processes. Under a cylindrical, flat indenter, the VA-CNTs exhibit elastic deformation at small displacement and then plastic deformation at large displacement. The critical indentation pressure (P-m), a measure of collapsing stress of the CNT arrays, is obtained. The magnitude of P-m is approximately equal to the collapsing stress of the carbon nanotube arrays obtained under uniaxial compression. C1 [Lu, Y. C.; Joseph, J.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Maschmann, M. R.; Baur, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dai, L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maschmann, M. R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM chlu@engr.uky.edu OI Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1551 EP 1554 DI 10.1007/s11340-012-9609-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 034SB UT WOS:000310892100024 ER PT J AU Plascencia-Villa, G Starr, CR Armstrong, LS Ponce, A Jose-Yacaman, M AF Plascencia-Villa, German Starr, Clarise R. Armstrong, Linda S. Ponce, Arturo Jose-Yacaman, Miguel TI Imaging interactions of metal oxide nanoparticles with macrophage cells by ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; TOXICITY; TISSUE; INTERNALIZATION; CYTOTOXICITY; LOCALIZATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS; DISSOLUTION AB Use of engineered metal oxide nanoparticles in a plethora of biological applications and custom products has warned about some possible dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system used to study possible toxic effects and internalization of different nanoparticulate materials. In this work, ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to offer new insights into the dynamical processes of interaction of nanomaterials with macrophage cells dosed with different concentrations of metal oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, TiO2 and ZnO). The versatility of FE-SEM has allowed obtaining a detailed characterization of processes of adsorption and endocytosis of nanoparticles, by using advanced analytical and imaging techniques on complete unstained uncoated cells, including secondary electron imaging, high-sensitive backscattered electron imaging, X-ray microanalysis and stereoimaging. Low voltage BF/DF-STEM confirmed nanoparticle adsorption and internalization into endosomes of CeO2 and TiO2, whereas ZnO develop apoptosis after 24 h of interaction caused by dissolution and invasion of cell nucleus. Ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques provided new insights into interactions of inorganic nanoparticles with macrophage cells with high spatial resolution. C1 [Plascencia-Villa, German; Ponce, Arturo; Jose-Yacaman, Miguel] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Starr, Clarise R.; Armstrong, Linda S.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Plascencia-Villa, G (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM miguel.yacaman@utsa.edu RI jose yacaman, miguel/B-5622-2009; Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/L-4712-2013; OI Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/0000-0001-5529-6468; Plascencia-Villa, German/0000-0002-5955-437X FU US Air Force grant [FA8650-10-2-6145]; NIH-RCMI [G12MD007591]; NSF-PREM [DMR-0934218]; Welch Foundation [AX-1615]; CONACyT [147947, 173179] FX This work was supported by US Air Force grant (FA8650-10-2-6145), NIH-RCMI (G12MD007591), NSF-PREM (DMR-0934218), The Welch Foundation (AX-1615) and CONACyT (147947 and 173179). Technical support was provided by Jonathan Grossheim and Keegan Hanks. We acknowledge access to cell culture facilities of UTSA Department of Biology (Dr Andrew Tsin, Brandi Betts and Daniel I. Obregon) and USAFSAM/FHT (Elia Villazana); DLS of UTSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Dr Heather Shipley and Jinxuan Hu). NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1358 EP 1366 DI 10.1039/c2ib20172k PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 036YW UT WOS:000311069200004 PM 23023106 ER PT J AU Iramnaaz, I Schellevis, H Rejaei, B Fitch, R Zhuang, Y AF Iramnaaz, I. Schellevis, H. Rejaei, B. Fitch, R. Zhuang, Y. TI Self-Biased Low Loss Conductor Featured With Skin Effect Suppression for High Quality RF Passives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Coplanar wave guide; ferromagnetic resonance; magnetic thin film; metamaterial; radio frequency ID INTERCONNECTS; MICROPROCESSORS; INTEGRATION AB We present experimental data for artificial metaconductors exhibiting skin effect suppression at microwave frequencies. The metaconductor consists of a stack comprising twelve periods of alternating ferromagnetic (Permalloy) and normal metal (Cu) layers. Near the effective antiferromagnetic resonant frequency the average in-plane magnetic permeability of the stack approaches zero, leading to an increase in the skin depth. Compared to a Cu-based device, up to 70% loss reduction has been achieved by a metaconductor based coplanar wave guide at similar to 10 GHz without changing the propagation wavelength. Moreover, unlike conventional magnetic devices, no external magnetic bias is required due to the large magnetic anisotropy present in the ferromagnetic layers. C1 [Iramnaaz, I.; Zhuang, Y.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Schellevis, H.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Delft, Netherlands. [Rejaei, B.] Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Tehran, Iran. [Fitch, R.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhuang, Y (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM yan.zhuang@wright.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4139 EP 4142 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2200660 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 025MV UT WOS:000310194400362 ER PT J AU Ilin, R AF Ilin, Roman TI Unsupervised Learning of Categorical Data With Competing Models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Bernoulli mixture; dynamic logic; maximum a posteriori (MAP); model selection; modeling fields theory; regularization; text categorization; vague-to-crisp process ID MIXTURE-MODELS; NUMBER; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHM; NETWORKS; CLUSTERS AB This paper considers the unsupervised learning of high-dimensional binary feature vectors representing categorical information. A cognitively inspired framework, referred to as modeling fields theory (MFT), is utilized as the basic methodology. A new MFT-based algorithm, referred to as accelerated maximum a posteriori (MAP), is proposed. Accelerated MAP allows simultaneous learning and selection of the number of models. The key feature of accelerated MAP is a steady increase of the regularization penalty resulting in competition among models. The differences between this approach and other mixture learning and model selection methodologies are described. The operation of this algorithm and its parameter selection are discussed. Numerical experiments aimed at finding performance limits are conducted. The performance with real-world data is tested by applying the algorithm to a text categorization problem and to the clustering Congressional voting data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM roman.ilin@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of the Air Force [11RY06COR] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of the Air Force, under Grant 11RY06COR. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2162-237X EI 2162-2388 J9 IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1726 EP 1737 DI 10.1109/TNNLS.2012.2213266 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 027RG UT WOS:000310370300005 PM 24808068 ER PT J AU Guyomarc'h, P Stephan, CN AF Guyomarc'h, Pierre Stephan, Carl N. TI The Validity of Ear Prediction Guidelines Used in Facial Approximation SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; facial reconstruction; facial reproduction; external ear; pinna; skull ID LOBE ATTACHMENT; EXTERNAL EAR; HUMAN EYEBALL; MOUTH-WIDTH; BIG EARS; OLD MEN; RECONSTRUCTION; PLACEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB This study examined eight previously published ear prediction methods by Welcker, Gerasimov, Fedosyutkin and Nainys, and Broadbent and Mathews. Computed tomography scans of 78 living adults (n(1)) did not support any of these previously published recommendations. Free earlobes were found to accompany protruding supramastoid crests (Pearson's chi(2) < 0.05); and ear length [l] and width [w] differed by sex (p < 0.05), correlated with age (r = 0.38[l]; 0.32[w]), and correlated with facial height (r = 0.37[l]; 0.30[w]). New regression equations (for ear length and width) were generated using these variables in several samples and, where possible, cross-validated using independent data (n(1) = 78, n(2) = 2190, n(3) = 1328, n(4) = 1010, and n(5) = 47). As a result of these analyses, four valid and tested methods for ear prediction were identified, but large degrees of error continue to make accurate prediction of the ear, from the skull, problematic. C1 [Guyomarc'h, Pierre; Stephan, Carl N.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Guyomarc'h, Pierre] Univ Bordeaux 1, PACEA UMR 5199, Anthropol Populat Passees & Presentes A3P, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Guyomarc'h, P (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Joint Base Pearl Harbor, HI 96853 USA. EM Pierre.Guyomarch.FRN@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015; OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809; Guyomarc'h, Pierre/0000-0002-9419-9270 FU Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory; French Ministry of Research (Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche); BQR (Bonus Qualite Recherche "Reconstitution faciale par ima-gerie 3D") FX Supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the JPAC-CIL. Financial support for this work has also been provided by a Ph.D. scholarship granted by the French Ministry of Research (Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche), and by a BQR (Bonus Qualite Recherche "Reconstitution faciale par ima-gerie 3D") obtained by H. Coqueugniot. NR 81 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1441 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02181.x PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 030EV UT WOS:000310553200002 PM 22594579 ER PT J AU Mattheakis, MM Tsironis, GP Kovanis, VI AF Mattheakis, M. M. Tsironis, G. P. Kovanis, V. I. TI Luneburg lens waveguide networks SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE metamaterials; gradient index lenses; Luneburg lens; Lagrangian optics; Hamiltonian ray tracing; waveguides; Kerr effect ID TRANSFORMATION OPTICS; METAMATERIALS AB We investigate certain configurations of Luneburg lenses that form light propagating and guiding networks. We study single Luneburg lens dynamics and apply the single lens ray tracing solution to various arrangements of multiple lenses. The wave propagating features of the Luneburg lens networks are also verified through direct numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations. We find that Luneburg lenses may form efficient waveguides for light propagation and guiding. The additional presence of nonlinearity improves the focusing characteristics of the networks. C1 [Mattheakis, M. M.; Tsironis, G. P.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Mattheakis, M. M.; Tsironis, G. P.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, GR-70013 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Kovanis, V. I.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mattheakis, MM (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Greece. EM mariosmat@physics.uoc.gr; gts@physics.uoc.gr; vassilios.kovanis@gmail.com RI Tsironis, George/C-2683-2011 FU AFOSR/EORD [FA8655-10-1-3039]; AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR]; OSD Metamaterials Insert FX We all thank Dr Athanasios Gavrielides for making this collaboration possible via the AFOSR/EORD FA8655-10-1-3039 grant. The work of VK was supported via AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR and via the OSD Metamaterials Insert. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 11 SI SI AR 114006 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/14/11/114006 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 033YW UT WOS:000310838300007 ER PT J AU Kanzler, KE Bryan, CJ McGeary, DD Morrow, CE AF Kanzler, Kathryn E. Bryan, Craig J. McGeary, Donald D. Morrow, Chad E. TI Suicidal Ideation and Perceived Burdensomeness in Patients with Chronic Pain SO PAIN PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE chronic pain; suicide risk; burdensomeness; depression; psychology; assessment ID RISK-FACTORS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DEPRESSION; OUTPATIENTS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR; BURDEN; ADULTS AB There is a clear relationship between suicide risk and chronic pain conditions. However, the exact nature of this link has been poorly understood, with risk attribution often limited to comorbid depression. Perceived burdensomeness has already been confirmed as a risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt in the general population. Self-perceived burden, studied among medically and terminally ill medical populations, has begun to receive a great deal of attention as a suicide risk factor. However, this risk has not been considered in an outpatient chronic pain population, a group likely to experience perceived burdensomeness as a particular problem. Guidelines recommend routine suicide risk screening in medical settings, but many questionnaires are time-consuming and do not allow for the assessment of the presence of newly identified risk constructs, such as perceived burdensomeness. This retrospective study examined the relationship between depression, perceived burdensomeness, and SI in a patient sample seeking behavioral treatment for chronic pain management. A logistic regression model was developed, with preliminary results indicating perceived burdensomeness was the sole predictor of SI, even in the presence of other well-established risk factors such as age, gender, depressive symptoms, and pain severity. Findings highlight the potential utility of a single-item screening question in routine clinical care as an incrementally superior predictor of SI in a chronic pain population. C1 [Kanzler, Kathryn E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [McGeary, Donald D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Morrow, Chad E.] Maxwell AFB, Mental Hlth Clin, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Kanzler, KE (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Clin, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. EM kathryn.kanzler@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 1530-7085 J9 PAIN PRACT JI Pain Pract. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00542.x PG 8 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 031XY UT WOS:000310677100003 PM 22429694 ER PT J AU Potyrailo, RA Nagraj, N Surman, C Boudries, H Lai, H Slocik, JM Kelley-Loughnane, N Naik, RR AF Potyrailo, Radislav A. Nagraj, Nandini Surman, Cheryl Boudries, Hacene Lai, Hanh Slocik, Joseph M. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Naik, Rajesh R. TI Wireless sensors and sensor networks for homeland security applications SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chemical agent; Chemical sensing; Homeland security; Multivariate statistical analysis; Radio-frequency identification (RFID); Response speed; Selectivity; Sensitivity; Toxic industrial material (TIM); Wireless sensor network (WSN) ID COMBINATORIAL; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSDUCERS; SENSITIVITY; CHALLENGES; DESIGN; FILMS; ARRAY; GOLD AB New sensor technologies for homeland security applications must meet the key requirements of sensitivity to detect agents below risk levels, selectivity to provide minimal false-alarm rates, and response speed to operate in high throughput environments, such as airports, sea ports, and other public places. Chemical detection using existing sensor systems is facing a major challenge of selectivity. In this review, we provide a brief summary of chemical threats of homeland security importance; focus in detail on modern concepts in chemical sensing; examine the origins of the most significant unmet needs in existing chemical sensors; and, analyze opportunities, specific requirements, and challenges for wireless chemical sensors and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We further review a new approach for selective chemical sensing that involves the combination of a sensing material that has different response mechanisms to different species of interest, with a transducer that has a multivariable signal-transduction ability. This new selective chemical-sensing approach was realized using an attractive ubiquitous platform of battery-free passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags adapted for chemical sensing. We illustrate the performance of RFID sensors developed in measurements of toxic industrial materials, humidity-independent detection of toxic vapors, and detection of chemical-agent simulants, explosives, and strong oxidizers. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Potyrailo, Radislav A.; Nagraj, Nandini; Surman, Cheryl] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Boudries, Hacene; Lai, Hanh] Morph Detect Inc, Wilmington, MA USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Potyrailo, RA (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA. EM Potyrailo@crd.ge.com FU GE Corporate fundamental research funds; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1R01ES016569-01A1]; Department of The Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-C-6869] FX The authors would like to acknowledge W. Morris, J. Cella, K. Chichak, Z. Tang, H. Lam, E. Downey, J. Brewer and O. Boomhower for technical assistance. This work has been supported in part by GE Corporate fundamental research funds, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant No. 1R01ES016569-01A1) and Department of The Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract FA8650-08-C-6869). NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 40 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.013 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 033TW UT WOS:000310825000019 PM 23175590 ER PT J AU Medley, CD Smith, JE Wigman, LS Chetwyn, NP AF Medley, Colin D. Smith, Joshua E. Wigman, Larry S. Chetwyn, Nik P. TI A DNA-conjugated magnetic nanoparticle assay for assessing genotoxicity SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nucleic acids (DNA vertical bar RNA); Pharmaceuticals ID CARCINOGENS; CELLS; MUTAGENICITY; COLLECTION; MOLECULES; SYSTEM AB The genotoxicity of a molecule refers to its ability to interact with DNA in a way that inhibits normal DNA replication and transcription possibly leading to mutagenesis or carcinogenesis. Assessing the genotoxicity of a compound is critical in the development of pharmaceuticals and other products designed for human consumption or use. Typically genotoxicity is established using expensive and time consuming methods using animals or bacteria like the Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay, or mouse and rat carcinogenicity tests. We have developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based assay that uses conjugated double-stranded DNA to serve as a substrate for interaction with genotoxic molecules. After application of a magnetic field, the genotoxic molecules are extracted with the DNA-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. The genotoxic molecules can then be released and detected. To evaluate the potential of this assay, we have screened several genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds and have demonstrated the ability to extract a genotoxic compound in the presence of a non-genotoxic molecule. The assay demonstrates suitable analytical performance and the ability to differentiate between genotoxic and non-genotoxic molecules providing a rapid and inexpensive alternative to more traditional methods of evaluating genotoxicity. C1 [Medley, Colin D.; Wigman, Larry S.; Chetwyn, Nik P.] Genentech Inc, Small Mol Pharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Smith, Joshua E.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associate, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medley, CD (reprint author), Genentech Inc, Small Mol Pharmaceut Sci, 1 DNA Way, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM medley.colin@gene.com FU National Research Council Research Fellowship at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while Joshua E. Smith held a National Research Council Research Fellowship at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 404 IS 8 BP 2233 EP 2239 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6350-7 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 024BY UT WOS:000310083900015 PM 22918539 ER PT J AU Bhandari, RK Oda, RP Youso, SL Petrikovics, I Bebarta, VS Rockwood, GA Logue, BA AF Bhandari, Raj K. Oda, Robert P. Youso, Stephanie L. Petrikovics, Ilona Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Rockwood, Gary A. Logue, Brian A. TI Simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in plasma by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (CI-GC-MS) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cyanide; Thiocyanate; Method development; Chemical-ionization gas-chromatographymass-spectrometry ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS DETECTION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; BLOOD CYANIDE; WHOLE-BLOOD; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; FIRE VICTIMS; DERIVATIZATION; CONVERSION AB An analytical method utilizing chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in plasma. Sample preparation for this analysis required essentially one-step by combining the reaction of cyanide and thiocyanate with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and simultaneous extraction of the product into ethyl acetate facilitated by a phase-transfer catalyst, tetrabutylammonium sulfate. The limits of detection for cyanide and thiocyanate were 1 mu M and 50 nM, respectively. The linear dynamic range was from 10 mu M to 20 mM for cyanide and from 500 nM to 200 mu M for thiocyanate with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999 for both cyanide and thiocyanate. The precision, as measured by %RSD, was below 9 %, and the accuracy was within 15 % of the nominal concentration for all quality control standards analyzed. The gross recoveries of cyanide and thiocyanate from plasma were over 90 %. Using this method, the toxicokinetic behavior of cyanide and thiocyanate in swine plasma was assessed following cyanide exposure. C1 [Bhandari, Raj K.; Oda, Robert P.; Youso, Stephanie L.; Logue, Brian A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Petrikovics, Ilona] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Rockwood, Gary A.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logue, BA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Avera Hlth & Sci Ctr 131,Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Vikhyat.bebarta@us.af.mil; brian.logue@sdstate.edu RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 FU CounterACT Program; National Institutes of Health Office of the Director; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y1-OD-0690-01/A-120-B.P2010-01, Y1-OD-1561-01/A120-B.P2011-01]; USAMRICD under US Army Research Office of Scientific Services Program [W911NF-11-D-0001]; Battelle [TCN 11077]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX The research was supported by the CounterACT Program, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Inter Agency Agreement Number Y1-OD-0690-01/A-120-B.P2010-01, Y1-OD-1561-01/A120-B.P2011-01, and the USAMRICD under the auspices of the US Army Research Office of Scientific Services Program Contract No. W911NF-11-D-0001 administered by Battelle (delivery order 0079, contract no TCN 11077). We gratefully acknowledge the funding from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. George Perry, Associate Professor, Animal and Range Science of South Dakota State University, for making arrangements to provide swine plasma. The authors are thankful to Susan M. Boudreau, RN, BSN, Maria G. Castaneda, MS, Toni E. Vargas, PA-C, MHS, and Patricia Dixon, MHS, from the Clinical Research Division, Wilford Medical Center, Lackland A F B, TX, for providing cyanide exposed swine plasma samples for these studies. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the National Institutes of Health, or the Department of Defense. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 404 IS 8 BP 2287 EP 2294 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6360-5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 024BY UT WOS:000310083900021 PM 22941221 ER PT J AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard TI Rule Consequentialism and Scope SO ETHICAL THEORY AND MORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the British-Society-for-Ethical-Theory CY JUL 11-13, 2011 CL Univ Oxford, St Annes Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND SP British Soc Eth Theory HO Univ Oxford, St Annes Coll DE Ethics; Consequentialism; Rule; Absolutism; Relativism; Reflective equilibrium; Parfit; Hooker; Brandt; Singer ID UTILITARIANISM; MORALITY AB Rule consequentialism (RC) holds that the rightness and wrongness of actions is determined by an ideal moral code, i.e., the set of rules whose internalization would have the best consequences. But just how many moral codes are there supposed to be? Absolute RC holds that there is a single morally ideal code for everyone, while Relative RC holds that there are different codes for different groups or individuals. I argue that Relative RC better meets the test of reflective equilibrium than Absolute RC. In particular, I contend that Relative RC is superior because it accommodates our convictions about costless benefits. Some have charged that Relative RC threatens our convictions about the generality of moral codes and that it leads inevitably to what Brad Hooker calls "runaway relativism." I argue that Relative RC has principled reasons for stopping this imagined slide down the slippery slope. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kahn, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM leonardkahn@gmail.com NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2820 J9 ETHICAL THEORY MORAL JI Ethical Theory Moral Pract. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 631 EP 646 DI 10.1007/s10677-012-9357-4 PG 16 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 025YP UT WOS:000310234100005 ER PT J AU Briones, AM Ervin, JS Putnam, SA Byrd, LW Jones, JG AF Briones, Alejandro M. Ervin, Jamie S. Putnam, Shawn A. Byrd, Larry W. Jones, John G. TI A novel kinetically-controlled de-pinning model for evaporating water microdroplets SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Blake's contact line de-pinning model; Schrage's evaporation model; VOF; Sessile microdroplet ID SURFACE; FLOW; DROPLETS; DYNAMICS; DROPS AB A numerical investigation of neutrally hydrophobic water microdroplet evaporation on a flat, isothermal surface was conducted. The axisymmetric time-dependent governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and species were solved using FLUENT. The numerical model includes temperature- and species-dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. The explicit volume of fluid (VOF) model with dynamic meshing and variable-time stepping was utilized. The continuum surface force (CSF), the gravitational body force, and Schrage's molecular kinetic-based evaporation model were included in the governing equations. A novel approach was used to model de-pinning by using Blake's molecular kinetic-based contact line motion theory. Experimentally, droplet evaporation data was acquired with a standard dispensing/imaging system and high-speed photography. There is good agreement between the measured and predicted dimensionless droplet profile as characterized by the droplet volume (for all(d)/for all(o)), dynamic contact angle (theta/theta(0)), contact radius (R/R-0). and apex height (H/H-0 when the de-pinned microdroplet numerical model is used. The de-pinning time (t(d)) and volume (for all(d)/for all(0)) are controlled by both the de-pinning parameters (K-w and lambda = n(-2)) and the accommodation coefficient (e). On the other hand, the de-pinning contact angle (theta(d)/theta(0)) and height (H-d/H-0) are independent of epsilon. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alejandro.briones.ctr@wpatb.of.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303BR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant no. 2303BR5P. The authors are grateful to HPCMPO for the computing resources at the AFRL/DSRC. Special thanks to Ashley White for assisting with the experimental measurements. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0735-1933 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1311 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.07.031 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 028FH UT WOS:000310407700001 ER PT J AU Beblo, R Joo, J Smyers, B Reich, G AF Beblo, Richard Joo, James Smyers, Brian Reich, Gregory TI Design, modeling, and optimization of a thermally activated reconfigurable wing system SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Shape memory polymer; morphing aircraft; heat pipes ID HEAT PIPES; FLAT-PLATE; CONDUCTIVITY; STARTUP AB Reconfigurable structures such as morphing aircraft generally require an on-board energy source to function. At high speeds, however, frictional heating generated at the nose of a morphing aircraft can provide a large amount of thermal energy during a short period of time. This thermal energy can be collected, transferred, and utilized to reconfigure the aircraft. Direct utilization of thermal energy has the ability to significantly decrease or eliminate the losses associated with converting thermal energy to other forms, such as electric. The following work describes possible system designs and components that can be utilized to transfer the thermal energy harvested at the nose of the aircraft to internal components for direct thermal actuation of a reconfigurable wing structure. Previously reported topology optimized heat collectors, vehicle trajectories, and the deployment mechanism are combined with the presented analytical model of a heat pipe for a system level model used to optimize the system based on weight and the desired wing deployment time. C1 [Beblo, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Joo, James; Smyers, Brian; Reich, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Beblo, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Richard.Beblo@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This study was financially supported by Dr Les Lee in AFOSR. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 23 IS 17 BP 1987 EP 2002 DI 10.1177/1045389X12457256 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 027TU UT WOS:000310377300006 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Shiveley, AR Shade, PA Tiley, JS Ballard, DL AF Pilchak, A. L. Shiveley, A. R. Shade, P. A. Tiley, J. S. Ballard, D. L. TI Using cross-correlation for automated stitching of two-dimensional multi-tile electron backscatter diffraction data SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE EBSD; SEM; cross-correlation ID FIB-SEM; ORIENTATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DEFORMATION; SYSTEM; GRAIN AB A method for automatically aligning consecutive data sets of large, two-dimensional multi-tile electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans with high accuracy was developed. The method involved first locating grain and phase boundaries within search regions containing overlapping data in adjacent scan tiles, and subsequently using cross-correlation algorithms to determine the relative position of the individual scan tiles which maximizes the fraction of overlapping boundaries. Savitzky-Golay filtering in two dimensions was used to estimate the background, which was then subtracted from the cross-correlation to enhance the peak signal in samples with a high density of interfaces. The technique was demonstrated on data sets with a range of interface densities. The equations were implemented as enhancements to a recently published open source code for stitching of multi-tile EBSD data sets. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Shiveley, A. R.; Shade, P. A.; Tiley, J. S.; Ballard, D. L.] USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Pilchak, A. L.; Shiveley, A. R.; Shade, P. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800]; Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of laboratory management and helpful discussions with Drs. M. Uchic and M. Groeber (AFRL/RXLM) are gratefully acknowledged. Three of the authors (ALP, ARS, PAS) were supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800 during the time this work was completed. This research was also partially supported by the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation, Contract FA8650-08-C-5226. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 248 IS 2 BP 172 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03661.x PG 15 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 027GC UT WOS:000310339000008 PM 23078117 ER PT J AU Crowther, O Du, LS Moureau, DM Bicaku, I Salomon, M Lawson, JW Lucente, LR Mock, K Fellner, JP Scanlon, LG AF Crowther, Owen Du, Lin-Shu Moureau, David M. Bicaku, Idajet Salomon, Mark Lawson, Jacob W. Lucente, Leah R. Mock, Keafer Fellner, Joseph P. Scanlon, Lawrence G. TI Effect of conductive carbon on capacity of iron phthalocyanine cathodes in primary lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Primary lithium battery; High capacity cathode; Iron phthalocyanine; Graphene ID ION BATTERIES; CELLS; GRAPHENE AB The effect of conductive carbon type and loading was examined for the iron phthalocyanine (FePc) cathode in primary lithium (Li) batteries. The use of nano graphene platelets (NGPs) as a conductive carbon was shown to increase the discharge capacity by a factor of at least 2.5 compared to typical carbon blacks and vapor grown carbon fibers. Discharge capacities of up to 2050 mAh g(-1) FePc, corresponding to the insertion of 43 Li+, were obtained for FePc based cathodes with 25% NGPs. This is the highest cathode capacity reported in literature to our knowledge. Cathodes with 10% NGP still demonstrated reasonable capacities. Electrolyte solutions based on propylene carbonate demonstrated higher discharge voltages than those with the 1.2 M lithium tetrafluoroborate in gamma-butyrolactone and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1:1 by volume). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Crowther, Owen; Du, Lin-Shu; Moureau, David M.; Bicaku, Idajet; Salomon, Mark] MaxPower Inc, Harleysville, PA 19438 USA. [Lawson, Jacob W.; Lucente, Leah R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mock, Keafer; Fellner, Joseph P.; Scanlon, Lawrence G.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crowther, O (reprint author), MaxPower Inc, 141 Christopher Lane, Harleysville, PA 19438 USA. EM Owen.Crowther@MaxPowerInc.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory through University of Dayton Research Institute [RSC10045 (Prime FA8650-10-2-2125)] FX MaxPower Inc. would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory for funding this research through University of Dayton Research Institute under contract agreement number RSC10045 (Prime FA8650-10-2-2125). NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 217 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 005XA UT WOS:000308782200015 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Rios, DC AF Schwertner, Harvey A. Rios, Deborah C. TI Analysis of Sesamin, Asarinin, and Sesamolin by HPLC with Photodiode and Fluorescent Detection and by GC/MS: Application to Sesame Oil and Serum Samples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin analysis; Fluorescent spectra characterization; High-performance liquid-chromatography; GC/MS analysis; Sesame oil and serum samples ID LIGNANS AB New sensitive and specific analytical methods are needed for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in sesame seed oils, sesame dietary supplements, as well as in serum samples from clinical studies involving sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin. The objective of this study was to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with photodiode array and fluorescent detectors and a gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin (episesamin), and sesamolin in sesame oil and in serum samples. Sesame oil samples were extracted with methanol whereas the serum samples were extracted with ethyl acetate or n-hexane. The individual lignans were analyzed by HPLC using reversed phase C18 columns. Analytical recoveries of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin from sesame oil were 92-94 % with two extractions. Recoveries from serum ranged from 87 to 97 %. The limit of quantitation with the fluorometric detector was 0.1 ng compared to 0.1 mu g with the PDA detector. The concentrations of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in Orchids and Sigma sesame oil were 0.4, 0, and 0.15 % and 0.19, 0.09, and 0 %, respectively. The identities of the individual lignans obtained by HPLC were confirmed by GC/MS and the concentrations of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin obtained with the fluorometric detector correlated with those obtained by GC/MS (r (2) = 0.94, P < 0.001). The HPLC and GC/MS methods permit simple and efficient procedures for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in sesame oil samples as well as in serum samples. C1 [Schwertner, Harvey A.; Rios, Deborah C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1007/s11746-012-2098-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 025XJ UT WOS:000310230200001 ER PT J AU Thorp, K AF Thorp, Kate TI Untitled SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Thorp, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM Katie.Thorp@frontier.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 024RE UT WOS:000310125500001 ER PT J AU Wang, L Mei, WN McHale, SR McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Wu, J Palai, R Losovyj, YB Dowben, PA AF Wang, Lu Mei, Wai-Ning McHale, S. R. McClory, J. W. Petrosky, J. C. Wu, J. Palai, R. Losovyj, Y. B. Dowben, P. A. TI Rare earth 4f hybridization with the GaN valence band SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EU-DOPED GAN; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 3P PHOTOTHRESHOLD; SHAKE-UP; GD; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATION; DOPANTS AB The placement of the Gd, Er and Yb 4f states within the GaN valence band has been explored by both experiment and theory. The 4d-4f photoemission resonances for various rare-earth(RE)-doped GaN thin films (RE = Gd, Er, Yb) provide an accurate depiction of the occupied 4f state placement within the GaN. The resonant photoemission show that the major Er and Gd RE 4f weight is at about 5-6 eV below the valence band maximum, similar to the 4f weights in the valence band of many other RE-doped semiconductors. For Yb, there is a very little resonant enhancement of the valence band of Yb-doped GaN, consistent with a large 4f(14-delta) occupancy. The placement of the RE 4f levels is in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations. C1 [Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wang, Lu; Mei, Wai-Ning] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [McHale, S. R.; McClory, J. W.; Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, J.; Palai, R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Wu, J.; Palai, R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Losovyj, Y. B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Theodore Jorgensen Hall,855 N 16th St,POB 880299, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Wang, Lu/D-2528-2011; OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; Nebraska Materials Science and Engineering Center [DMR-0820521]; Institute for Functional Nanomaterials; NASA-IDEA-PR; Nebraska Research Initiative; DOE [DE-EE0003174] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) through grant nos HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128, the Nebraska Materials Science and Engineering Center (DMR-0820521), the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials and NASA-IDEA-PR. This work was supported by Nebraska Research Initiative and DOE DE-EE0003174. The University of Nebraska Holland Computing Center provided the computational resources with the associated USCMS Tier-2 site at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 11 AR 115017 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/27/11/115017 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 028TV UT WOS:000310447200017 ER PT J AU Ramana, CV White, S Esparza, N Rangel, V Campbell, AL AF Ramana, C. V. White, S. Esparza, N. Rangel, V. Campbell, A. L. TI Crystal Structure and Morphology of Nanocrystalline TiN Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE TiN films; reactive sputtering; crystal structure; texturing; lattice constant morphology ID TITANIUM NITRIDE; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; DIFFUSION-BARRIERS; INTERCONNECTS; GROWTH; LAYERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; COATINGS; TEXTURE; MICROSCOPY AB Titanium nitride (TiN) thin films were grown employing radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering under varying nitrogen gas flow rates. Characterization of the grown materials was done by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the crystal structure and texture of the grown TiN layers are dependent on the ratio of nitrogen to argon in the reactive gas mixture during deposition. TiN coatings initially showed (111) preferred orientation, then mixed (111) and (002) texturing, followed by completely (002) texturing with increasing nitrogen content. The analyses indicate that the nitrogen incorporation into the layers and the associated chemistry determine the texturing and lattice parameters. C1 [Ramana, C. V.; White, S.; Esparza, N.; Rangel, V.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Ramana, C. V.; Esparza, N.; Rangel, V.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Campbell, A. L.] USAF, WPAFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramana, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM rvchintalapalle@utep.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-D-1912] FX The authors at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) acknowledge with pleasure the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No. FA8650-05-D-1912) to perform this research work. The authors thank Nathanael Robinson, Associate Director of the Center for Space Exploration at UTEP, for critically reading the manuscript and insightful comments. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3139 EP 3144 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2198-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 018QP UT WOS:000309677200026 ER PT J AU Ogle, AD Bradley, D Santiago, P Reynolds, D AF Ogle, Alan D. Bradley, Devvon Santiago, Patcho Reynolds, David TI Description of Combat and Operational Stress Control in Regional Command East, Afghanistan SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC) continues to be a vital component of medical operations in support of military forces serving in Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom and elsewhere. Although numerous studies cover postdeployment mental health, and several cover in-theater conditions, data on behavioral health clinical service provision are presented here to elucidate from COSC provider "boots on the ground" how operations have been executed in one part of the Operation Enduring Freedom theater between 2007 and 2010. The most common types of stressors that led to care included combat, mission demands, home front concerns, and relationships with leaders and peers within units. Classes and consultation for sleep difficulties and anger management were of high interest. Frequent behavioral health diagnoses were depressive and anxiety disorders as well as exacerbation of a previously diagnosed condition. Management of suicidality and other psychiatric emergencies are discussed, as well as care outcomes. The authors present lessons learned regarding the importance of Operational Relationships/Tactical Politics, reducing stigma and barriers to care, collaboration with chaplains, and other strategies seen as supporting COSC success. C1 [Bradley, Devvon] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Soldier Family Care Ctr, El Paso, TX 79918 USA. [Santiago, Patcho] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Reynolds, David] SGOW, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Ogle, AD (reprint author), 66 Training Squadron Det 3,1025 Femoyer St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 177 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1286 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00454 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V33OF UT WOS:000209027400008 PM 23198502 ER PT J AU Sullivan, P Moate, J Stone, B Atkinson, JD Hashisho, Z Rood, MJ AF Sullivan, P. Moate, J. Stone, B. Atkinson, J. D. Hashisho, Z. Rood, M. J. TI Physical and chemical properties of PAN-derived electrospun activated carbon nanofibers and their potential for use as an adsorbent for toxic industrial chemicals SO ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; HCN; Nanofiber; SO2; Butane; Toxic industrial chemical; Activated carbon ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; ORGANIC VAPORS; ELECTROTHERMAL DESORPTION; PORE SIZES; ADSORPTION; FIBERS; AMMONIA; SO2; NITROGEN AB A recently developed carbon material, electrospun Activated Carbon nanoFiber (ACnF), exhibits strong potential for use as an adsorbent for toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). As-prepared ACnF contains as much as 9.6 wt% nitrogen, creating a basic surface that enhances acid-gas adsorption. ACnF shows 4-20 times greater HCN adsorption capacities and 2-5 times greater SO2 adsorption capacities in dry nitrogen, compared to commercially available activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) and Calgon BPL (TM) granular activated carbon, which are considered here as reference adsorbents. ACnF has 50 % of the micropore volume (0.30 cm(3)/g) of these reference adsorbents, which limits its adsorption capacity at high concentrations for volatile organic compounds (> 500 ppm(v)). However, at low concentrations (< 500 ppm(v)), ACnF has a similar capacity to ACFC and about three times the VOC adsorption capacity of Calgon BPL (TM). ACnF's small fiber diameters (0.2-1.5 mu m) allow for higher mass transfer coefficients, resulting in adsorption kinetics nearly twice as fast as ACFC and eight times as fast as Calgon BPL (TM). ACnF drawbacks include hydrophilicity and reduced structural strength. The rapid adsorption kinetics and high capacity for acidic TICs warrant further investigation of ACnF as an adsorbent in respiratory protection and indoor air quality applications. C1 [Atkinson, J. D.; Rood, M. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sullivan, P.; Moate, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Stone, B.] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Hashisho, Z.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. RP Rood, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mrood@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; NSF CBET [10-34470]; University of Illinois FX SEM and XPS were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. Funding was also provided by NSF CBET 10-34470 and University of Illinois to complete select analytical techniques and interpret the results. The Defense Science Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, UK, also contributed to this work through the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research's (AFOSR's) Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program (ESEP). NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5607 J9 ADSORPTION JI Adsorpt.-J. Int. Adsorpt. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10450-012-9399-x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 013ZL UT WOS:000309344700010 ER PT J AU DuBose, JJ Rajani, R Gilani, R Arthurs, ZA Morrison, JJ Clouse, WD Rasmussen, TE AF DuBose, Joseph J. Rajani, Ravi Gilani, Ramy Arthurs, Zachary A. Morrison, Jonathan J. Clouse, William D. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Endovascular management of axillo-subclavian arterial injury: A review of published experience SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Review DE Calmodulin; Chlorpromazine; Leaf senescence; Salt stress; Sweet potato ID STENT-GRAFT PLACEMENT; ARTERIOVENOUS-FISTULA; TRAUMATIC INJURIES; BALLOON OCCLUSION; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; BLUNT TRAUMA; REPAIR; PSEUDOANEURYSM; ANEURYSM; CANNULATION AB Background: The role of endovascular treatment for vascular trauma, including injury to the subclavian and axillary arteries, continues to evolve. Despite growing experience with the utilization of these techniques in the setting of artherosclerotic and aneurysmal disease, published reports in traumatic subclavian and axillary arterial injuries remain confined to sporadic case reports and case series. Methods: We conducted a review of the medical literature from 1990 to 2012 using Pubmed and OVID Medline databases to search for all reports documenting the use of endovascular stenting for the treatment of subclavian or axillary artery injuries. Thirty-two published reports were identified. Individual manuscripts were analysed to abstract data regarding mechanism, location and type of injury, endovascular technique and endograft type utilized, follow-up, and radiographic and clinical outcomes. Results: The use of endovascular stenting for the treatment of subclavian (150) or axillary (10) artery injuries was adequately described for only 160 patients from 1996 to the present. Endovascular treatment was employed after penetrating injury (56.3%; 29 GSW; 61 SW), blunt trauma (21.3%), iatrogenic catheter-related injury (21.8%) and surgical injury (0.6%). Injuries treated included pseudoaneurysm (77), AV fistula (27), occlusion (16), transection (8), perforation (22), dissection (6), or other injuries otherwise not fully described (4). Initial endovascular stent placement was successful in 96.9% of patients. Radiographic and clinical follow-up periods ranging from hospital discharge to 70 months revealed a follow-up patency of 84.4%. No mortalities related to endovascular intervention were reported. New neurologic deficits after the use of endovascular modalities were reported in only one patient. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of traumatic subclavian and axillary artery injuries continues to evolve. Early results are promising, but experience with this modality and data on late follow-up remain limited. Additional multicenter prospective study and capture of data for these patients is warranted to further define the role of this treatment modality in the setting of trauma. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [DuBose, Joseph J.] USAF, Univ Maryland, Med Syst, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr,Baltimore Ctr Sus, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Rajani, Ravi] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gilani, Ramy] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg & Endovasc Therapy Michael E DeBake, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Arthurs, Zachary A.] San Antonio Mil Med Complex, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Morrison, Jonathan J.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP DuBose, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Univ Maryland, Med Syst, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr,Baltimore Ctr Sus, 22 S Greene St,T5R46, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jjd3c@yahoo.com OI Morrison, Jonathan/0000-0001-7462-8456 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1785 EP 1792 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2012.08.028 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 014VR UT WOS:000309404300002 PM 22921384 ER PT J AU Putnam, SA Briones, AM Ervin, JS Hanchak, MS Byrd, LW Jones, JG AF Putnam, Shawn A. Briones, Alejandro M. Ervin, Jamie S. Hanchak, Michael S. Byrd, Larry W. Jones, John G. TI Interfacial heat transfer during microdroplet evaporation on a laser heated surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Two-phase; Evaporation; Condensation; Time-domain thermoreflectance; Simulation; Thermal conductance ID HIGH-SPEED VISUALIZATION; MARANGONI FLOW; SESSILE DROPS; DRYING DROPS; WATER; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB A comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation on water microdroplet impingement and evaporation is presented from the standpoint of phase-change cooling technologies. The study investigates microdroplet impact and evaporation on a laser heated surface, outlining the experimental and numerical conditions necessary to quantify the interfacial thermal conductance (G) of liquid-metal interfaces during two-phase flow. To do this, continuum-level numerical simulations are conducted in parallel with experimental measurements facilitating high-speed photography and in-situ time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR). During microdroplet evaporation on laser heated Al thin-films at room temperature, an effective interfacial thermal conductance of G(eff) = 6.4 +/- 0.4 MW/m(2) is measured with TDTR. This effective interfacial thermal conductance (G(eff)) is interpreted as the high-frequency (ac) interfacial heat transfer coefficient measured at the microdroplet/Al interface. Also on a laser heated surface, fractal-like condensation patterns form on the Al surface surrounding the evaporating microdroplet. This is due to the temperature gradient in the Al surface layer and cyclic vapor/air convection patterns outside the contact line. Laser heating, however, does not significantly increase the evaporation rate beyond that expected for microdroplet evaporation on isothermal Al thin-film surfaces. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Putnam, Shawn A.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael S.; Byrd, Larry W.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45410 USA. RP Putnam, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shawn.a.putnam@gmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303BR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 2303BR5P. The authors are thankful to Mike Check, Jamie Gengler, Chris Murtatore, John Ferguson, Andrey Voevodin and Chad Hunter for their help and frequent technical discussions. The authors thank Arthur Safriet for technical contributions during design and construction of the experimental apparatus. The authors are also grateful to HPCMO for the computing resources at the AFRL/DSRC. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 55 IS 23-24 BP 6307 EP 6320 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.05.067 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 009RG UT WOS:000309042300003 ER PT J AU Gorguinpour, C AF Gorguinpour, Camron TI Characteristics of solar particle events at Mars relative to Earth SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar particle event; Coronal mass ejection; Radiation; Mars; Mars Global Surveyor AB While not specifically designed to detect solar energetic particle radiation, the Electron Reflectometer onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS/ER) collected such data from January 1999 through October 2006. Energetic protons (>= 25 MeV) and other ions penetrated the MGS/ER shielding and registered counts within the instrument's electronics. During solar particle events (SPE's), prolonged enhancements in the particle background were observed at Mars with time intensity profiles similar to Earth based SPE observations. Throughout the lifespan of MGS/ER, 85 distinct SPE's were observed. Basic characteristics of Mars based SPE observations and the frequency of SPE occurrences at Mars are compared to corresponding Earth based observations. Approximately 22% of SPE's that occurred during MGS/ER operation were observed at Earth but not Mars. Similarly, 19% of SPE's were observed at Mars but not Earth. Time intensity profiles at Earth and Mars match predictions provided in the literature, based on the physical location of the detector with respect to the motion of the interplanetary shock wave. Note: The work described herein was largely conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation produced by the author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Gorguinpour, Camron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gorguinpour, C (reprint author), USAF, SAF IE, 1665 AF Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM camron.gorguinpour@pentagon.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1300 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2012.06.014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 012QD UT WOS:000309250700012 ER PT J AU Ii, DJ Brewer, MC Buncher, JB Fischbach, E Gruenwald, JT Heim, J Hoft, AW Horan, TJ Kerford, JL Kohler, M Lau, JJ Longman, A Mattes, JJ Mohsinally, T Newport, JR Petrelli, MA Stewart, CA Jenkins, JH Lee, RH Morreale, B Morris, DB Mudry, R O'Keefe, D Terry, B Silver, MA Sturrock, PA AF Ii, D. Javorsek Brewer, M. C. Buncher, J. B. Fischbach, E. Gruenwald, J. T. Heim, J. Hoft, A. W. Horan, T. J. Kerford, J. L. Kohler, M. Lau, J. J. Longman, A. Mattes, J. J. Mohsinally, T. Newport, J. R. Petrelli, M. A. Stewart, C. A. Jenkins, J. H. Lee, R. H. Morreale, B. Morris, D. B. Mudry, R. O'Keefe, D. Terry, B. Silver, M. A. Sturrock, P. A. TI Study of nuclear decays during a solar eclipse: Thule Greenland 2008 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Radioactive decay; Solar eclipse ID POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; RATES AB Recent efforts to determine the cause of anomalous experimental nuclear decay fluctuations suggests a possible solar influence. Here we report on the results from several nuclear decay experiments performed at Thule Air Base in Greenland during the solar eclipse on 1 August 2008. Thule was ideal for this experiment due to its proximity to the magnetic north pole which amplified changes in the charged particle flux and provided relatively stabilized conditions for nearly all environmental factors. An exhaustive list of relevant factors were monitored during the eclipse to help rule out possible systematic effects in the event of unexpected results. We included measurements of temperature, pressure, and humidity as well as power supply outputs, neutron count rates, and the Earth's local electric and magnetic fields. Nuclear decay measurements of C-14, Sr-90, Tc-99, Bi-210, Pa-234, and Am-241 were made using Geiger-Muller (GM) ionization chambers. Although our data exhibit no evidence for a statistically significant change in the decay rate of any nuclide measured during the 1 August 2008 solar eclipse, small anomalies remain to be understood. C1 [Ii, D. Javorsek] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Brewer, M. C.; Buncher, J. B.; Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, J. T.; Heim, J.; Hoft, A. W.; Horan, T. J.; Kerford, J. L.; Kohler, M.; Lau, J. J.; Longman, A.; Mattes, J. J.; Mohsinally, T.; Newport, J. R.; Petrelli, M. A.; Stewart, C. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, R. H.; Morreale, B.; Morris, D. B.; Mudry, R.; O'Keefe, D.; Terry, B.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Usafa, CO 80920 USA. [Silver, M. A.] AF Reserve Officer Training Corps, Detachment 220, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ii, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM javorsek@hotmail.com OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76ER071428]; National Science Foundation [AST-0607572] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The material in this paper is Unclassified, see Air Force Flight Test Center Public Affairs reference number AFFTC-PA-10945. The work of E.F. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. The work of P.S. is supported by National Science Foundation grant No. AST-0607572. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 342 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10509-012-1148-9 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 013XE UT WOS:000309338600002 ER PT J AU Szczepanski, CJ Jha, SK Larsen, JM Jones, JW AF Szczepanski, C. J. Jha, S. K. Larsen, J. M. Jones, J. W. TI The Role of Local Microstructure on Small Fatigue Crack Propagation in an alpha plus beta Titanium Alloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches for Investigating Phase Transformations at the Atomic Scale CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; LIFE PREDICTION; HOT-WORKING; TI-6AL-4V; INITIATION; TEXTURE; FRACTURE; GROWTH AB Microstructural origins of the variability in fatigue lifetime observed in the high- and very-high-cycle fatigue regimes in titanium alloys were explored by examining the role of microstructural heterogeneity (neighborhoods of grains with similar crystallographic orientations or microtexture) on the initiation and early growth of fatigue cracks in Ti-6246. Ultrasonic fatigue of focused ion beam (FIB) micronotched samples was used to investigate long lifetime (10(7) to 10(9)) behavior for two microstructural conditions: one with microtexture and one without microtexture. For specimens containing notches of nominally 20 mu m in length, fatigue crack initiation in the microtextured material was most likely to occur from notches placed in neighborhoods with a microtexture favorably oriented for easy basal slip. Initiation lifetimes in the untextured material with similar sized notches were, on average, slightly greater than those for the microtextured condition. In both materials, the crack-initiation lifetime from micronotches of length 2c > 20 mu m was a very small fraction (< 1 pct) of the measured fatigue lifetime for unnotched specimens. Furthermore, in the microtextured condition, small fatigue crack propagation rates did not correlate with the microtextured regions and did not statistically differ from average small crack growth rates in the untextured material. As the micronotch size was reduced below 20 mu m, fatigue crack initiation was controlled by microstructure rather than by FIB-machined defects. Finally, predictions of the fraction of life consumed in small and long fatigue crack growth from preexisting cracks nominally equivalent in size to the micronotches was compared with the measured fatigue life of unnotched specimens. The predicted range of lifetimes when factoring in the experimentally observed variability in small fatigue crack growth, only accounted for 0.1 pct of the observed fatigue lifetime variability. These findings indicate that in the high-and very-high-cycle fatigue regimes, fatigue life is dominated by crack initiation and that the variation in the initiation lifetime is responsible for the observed variation in total fatigue life. C1 [Szczepanski, C. J.; Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Jones, J. W.] Univ Michigan, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Szczepanski, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.szczepanski@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR Metallic Materials Program [F49620-03-1-0069]; AFOSR Structural Mechanics Program [2302DR1P]; STEP program at the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX Financial support from the AFOSR Metallic Materials Program (Project # F49620-03-1-0069) and the AFOSR Structural Mechanics Program (Dr. David Stargel, Project # 2302DR1P) are gratefully acknowledged. One author (CJS) would like to acknowledge funding from the STEP program at the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. Technical assistance from C. Torbet of the University of Michigan is appreciated. The experimental assistance of Mr. M. Eric Burba and Mr. Benjamin Briskin, both affiliated with AFRL, is also appreciated. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43A IS 11 BP 4097 EP 4112 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1228-z PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 012MI UT WOS:000309239900020 ER PT J AU Misak, HE Sabelkin, V Mall, S Asmatulu, R Kladitis, PE AF Misak, H. E. Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. Asmatulu, R. Kladitis, P. E. TI Failure analysis of carbon nanotube wires SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID FIBERS; CONDUCTIVITY; MODULUS; FATIGUE AB A failure analysis of four carbon nanotube (CNT) wires comprised of 1-, 30-, 60-, and 100-yarns was conducted when subjected to constant tension and cyclic tension-tension loading conditions. Each wire had different controlling mechanisms of failure. Tensile and cyclic load-induced failures were related to the movement within yams and/or among yams in the CNT wires. The 1-yarn CNT wire exhibited a ductile fracture when constant tensile load was applied; recoverable deformation bands were observed on bending and straightening. The 30-yarn CNT wire showed a variant/independent fibrillar failure under constant tensile loading condition, while it failed by biaxial rotation, bend and twist under cyclic loading condition. The 60-yarn CNT wire resulted in a stake and socket fibre fracture when loaded to failure in constant tension; however, in the cyclic loading condition, the wire failed by kink band process. The 100-yarn wire failure mechanism was controlled by the surface wear in both constant tension and fatigue loading conditions. This failure analysis study presents detailed fracture surface features that can be used to diagnose the cause of failure, develop failure mechanisms, and improve the properties of CNT wires when used in real-life applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Misak, H. E.; Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.; Kladitis, P. E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asmatulu, R.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 13 BP 4871 EP 4879 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 005XT UT WOS:000308784100015 ER PT J AU Hearn, J Eichler, J Hare, C Henley, M AF Hearn, John Eichler, Jeffery Hare, Christopher Henley, Michael TI Cl-2 deposition on soil matrices SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Chlorine; Deposition; Soil ID DRY DEPOSITION; GAS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; MODELS AB Deposition of chlorine gas, Cl-2, on synthetic soil sample matrices was examined in a small chamber to ascertain its potential significance as a chemical sink during large-scale releases. The effects of organic matter, clay and sand mass fractions of the soil matrix, soil packing, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light on the observed Cl-2 deposition were examined. Organic matter content was found to be the dominant soil variable investigated that affected Cl-2 deposition; all other variables exhibited no measurable effect. Analytical results from the top 8.5 mm of soil columns exposed to Cl-2 were fit to a simple kinetic model with six adjustable parameters. The kinetic model included two reactive bins to account for fast- and slow-reacting material in the soil matrices. The resulting empirical equation agreed with the data to within a factor of two and accurately predicted results from soil mixes not used to optimize the adjustable parameters. Total Cl-2 deposition, assuming a penetration depth of 8.5 mm, was calculated to be as high as 160 metric tons per square kilometer for soil with an organic content of 10%, and inferred deposition velocities were as high as 0.5 cm/s for organically rich soil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hearn, John; Hare, Christopher; Henley, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Eichler, Jeffery] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hearn, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Airbase Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM john.hearn.7@us.af.mil FU Chemical Security and Analysis Center (CSAC) of the Department of Homeland Security FX The authors thank the Chemical Security and Analysis Center (CSAC) of the Department of Homeland Security for financial support, Welch Tennis Courts, Inc. for providing the basalt clay free of charge, and Robert Nichols for his help in designing the deposition chamber. CSAC had no part in the design, execution, or analysis of these experiments. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 237 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.046 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026EM UT WOS:000310257100038 PM 22975257 ER PT J AU Bostick, RL Perram, GP AF Bostick, Randall L. Perram, Glen P. TI Classification of visible point sources using hyperspectral chromotomosynthetic imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE chromotomography; chromotomosynthesis; hyperspectral imaging; spectral target classification; hyperspectral sensor performance ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOSYNTHESIS; TOMOGRAPHY; RESTORATION; BREAST; ART AB A hyperspectral chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) system is used to detect and classify a collection of 21 scattered, spectrally diverse point-like sources. The instrument operates in the visible to near IR (400 to 800 nm) and has the potential to collect spectral imagery at great than 10 Hz. A two-dimensional wideband spatial image of the target scene is used to detect and spatially characterize the targets leading to optimization of the three-dimensional (3-D) spatial/spectral reconstruction of the hyperspectral image cube. The instrument is assessed by directly comparing results to spatial data collected by a wideband image and hyperspectral data collected using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). Target classification using k-means clustering of observed spectra yielded 5 to 6 target classes for each methodology, indicating information obtained using CTI was similar to that collected by the LCTF. The wide-band spatial content of the scene reconstructed from the CTI data is of same or better quality in terms of background noise and target intensities as a single frame collected by the undispersed imaging system with projections taken at every 1 deg. Performance is dependent on the number of projections used, with projections at 5 deg producing adequate results in terms of target characterization. The CTI has 2 to 4 times the spectral resolution of the LCTF. The data collected by the CTI system can simultaneously provide spatial information of equal quality as a the bandpass imaging system, provide high-frame rate slitless one-dimensional spectra, and generate 3-D hyperspectral imagery which can be exploited to provide the same results as a traditional multi-band spectral imaging system. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.JRS.6.063584] C1 [Bostick, Randall L.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bostick, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063584 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063584 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032GI UT WOS:000310701700001 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Friedman, JF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to 14 halogenated alkenes and alkanes, 300-600 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; THERMAL ELECTRONS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; MOLECULES; ION; AFFINITY; ENERGY; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB Thermal electron attachment to 14 alkenes and alkanes with bromine, fluorine, and iodine substituents has been studied over the temperature range 300-600 K using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. Rate coefficients and anion products are reported, most for the first time. Among these were 3 isomers of C3F5Br and the 2 isomers of C3F7I. Four dibromide compounds were studied, all of which yield Br-2(-) product in addition to Br- product. The results are analyzed using a statistical kinetic modeling approach, which is able to reproduce both attachment rate coefficients and product branching ratios within experimental uncertainty. The kinetic modeling indicates that factor of 2 differences in attachment rate coefficients to the isomeric species can be explained by subtle variations in the potential surfaces. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4759168] C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Shuman, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) [AFOSR-2303EP]; [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX This project was funded by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. T. M. M. is under contract (Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002) to Boston College. We appreciate time granted on the Scorpio computing cluster at Boston College. We thank Professor Jane M. Van Doren for providing a number of the chemical compounds. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 16 AR 164306 DI 10.1063/1.4759168 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 034ES UT WOS:000310853800022 PM 23126709 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Shuman, NS Ard, SG Melko, JJ Viggiano, AA AF Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Shuman, Nicholas S. Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron Attachment to C7F14, Thermal Detachment from C7F14-, the Electron Affinity of C7F14, and Neutralization of C7F14- by Ar+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; NEGATIVE-IONS; KINETICS; ENERGY; SF6; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROMETRY AB Rate coefficients and branching fractions have been measured for electron attachment to perfluoromethylcyclohexane, C7F14, along with thermal detachment rate coefficients for C7F14-, from 300 to 630 K, using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. The attachment rate coefficient at room temperature is 4.5 +/- 1.2 X 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) and increases with temperature at a rate described by an activation energy of 50 +/- 25 meV. Thermal electron detachment is negligible at room temperature, but measurable at 600 K and above, reaching 2300 +/- 1300 s(-1) at 630 K. Analysis of the attachment-detachment equilibrium yields EA(C7F14) = 1.02 +/- 0.06 eV, in agreement with the literature value while more than halving the uncertainty. Implications of the measurement for the electron affinity of SF6 are discussed. The dominant product of electron attachment is the parent anion, but C6F11- and C7F13- are also observed at very low levels (<0.1%) at room temperature and increase in importance as the temperature is increased, reaching similar to 10% each at 630 K. In the course of this work we have also measured rate coefficients for the neutralization of C7F14- by Ar+ at 300, 400, and 500 K: 4.8, 3.5, and 3.1 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, with uncertainties of +/- 5 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). C1 [Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. T.M.M. is under contract to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. S.G.A. and J.J.M. acknowledge support of the National Research Council. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 42 BP 10293 EP 10300 DI 10.1021/jp306843a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 024PJ UT WOS:000310120800004 PM 23030828 ER PT J AU Wohwend, JL Amama, PB Shamberger, PJ Varshney, V Roy, AK Fisher, TS AF Wohwend, Jennifer L. Amama, Placidus B. Shamberger, Patrick J. Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Fisher, Timothy S. TI Effects of Titanium-Containing Additives on the Dehydrogenation Properties of LiAlH4: A Computational and Experimental Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE; SODIUM ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; METAL-HYDRIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; CHEMICAL-BOND; TI; DECOMPOSITION; ALANATE; LITHIUM AB Metal hydrides are attractive materials for use in thermal storage systems to manage excessive transient heat loads and for hydrogen storage applications. This paper presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the influence of Ti, TiO2, and TiCl3 additives on the dehydrogenation properties of milled LiAlH4. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict the effect of Ti-containing additives on the electronic structure of the region surrounding the additive after its adsorption on the LiAlH4 (010) surface. The electron distribution and charge transfer within the LiAlH4/additive system is evaluated. Electronic structure calculations predict covalent-like bonding between the Ti atom of the adsorbate and surrounding H atoms. The hydrogen (H) binding energy associated with the removal of the first H from the modified LiAlH4 surface is calculated and compared with experimental dehydration activation energies. It is seen that the weaker H binding corresponds to the larger amount of charge transferred from the Ti atom to adjacent H atoms. A reduction in charge transfer between the Al atom and surrounding H atoms is also observed when compared to charge transfer in the unmodified LiAlH4 surface. This reduction in charge transfer between Al-H weakens the covalent bond within the [AlH4](-) tetrahedron, which in turn reduces the dehydrogenation temperature exhibited by LiAlH4 when Ti-containing additives are used. C1 [Wohwend, Jennifer L.; Amama, Placidus B.; Shamberger, Patrick J.; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Wohwend, Jennifer L.; Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wohwend, JL (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jennifer.wohlwend.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306AR8P, FA8650-07-D-5800]; Air Force Research Laboratory High Performance Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Task 2306AR8P (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) and Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. Computational efforts were supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High Performance Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 42 BP 22327 EP 22335 DI 10.1021/jp3050109 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 024PL UT WOS:000310121000028 ER PT J AU Baik, YS Bernal, LP Granlund, K Ol, MV AF Baik, Yeon Sik Bernal, Luis P. Granlund, Kenneth Ol, Michael V. TI Unsteady force generation and vortex dynamics of pitching and plunging aerofoils SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE low-Reynolds-number flows; swimming/flying; vortex dynamics ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; LEADING-EDGE VORTICES; OSCILLATING FOILS; TRANSLATING AIRFOIL; FLAPPING WINGS; FLOW STRUCTURE; INSECT FLIGHT; FLAT PLATES; PROPULSION; WAKE AB Experimental studies of the flow topology, leading-edge vortex dynamics and unsteady force produced by pitching and plunging flat-plate aerofoils in forward flight at Reynolds numbers in the range 5000-20 000 are described. We consider the effects of varying frequency and plunge amplitude for the same effective angle-of-attack time history. The effective angle-of-attack history is a sinusoidal oscillation in the range -6 to 22 degrees with mean of 8 degrees and amplitude of 14 degrees. The reduced frequency is varied in the range 0.314-1.0 and the Strouhal number range is 0.10-0.48. Results show that for constant effective angle of attack, the flow evolution is independent of Strouhal number, and as the reduced frequency is increased the leading-edge vortex (LEV) separates later in phase during the downstroke. The LEV trajectory, circulation and area are reported. It is shown that the effective angle of attack and reduced frequency determine the flow evolution, and the Strouhal number is the main parameter determining the aerodynamic force acting on the aerofoil. At low Strouhal numbers, the lift coefficient is proportional to the effective angle of attack, indicating the validity of the quasi-steady approximation. Large values of force coefficients (similar to 6) are measured at high Strouhal number. The measurement results are compared with linear potential flow theory and found to be in reasonable agreement. During the downstroke, when the LEV is present, better agreement is found when the wake effect is ignored for both the lift and drag coefficients. C1 [Baik, Yeon Sik; Bernal, Luis P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Granlund, Kenneth; Ol, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Baik, YS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM yeon.baik@gmail.com NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 64 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 709 BP 37 EP 68 DI 10.1017/jfm.2012.318 PG 32 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 019ET UT WOS:000309720600002 ER PT J AU Papanikolaou, S Dimiduk, DM Choi, W Sethna, JP Uchic, MD Woodward, CF Zapperi, S AF Papanikolaou, Stefanos Dimiduk, Dennis M. Choi, Woosong Sethna, James P. Uchic, Michael D. Woodward, Christopher F. Zapperi, Stefano TI Quasi-periodic events in crystal plasticity and the self-organized avalanche oscillator SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS FAULTS; MICROMETER-SCALE; JERKY FLOW; DYNAMICS; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; STATISTICS; SIMULATION; SLIP AB When external stresses in a system-physical, social or virtual-are relieved through impulsive events, it is natural to focus on the attributes of these avalanches(1,2). However, during the quiescent periods between them(3), stresses may be relieved through competing processes, such as slowly flowing water between earthquakes(4) or thermally activated dislocation flow(5) between plastic bursts in crystals(6-8). Such smooth responses can in turn have marked effects on the avalanche properties(9). Here we report an experimental investigation of slowly compressed nickel microcrystals, covering three orders of magnitude in nominal strain rate, in which we observe unconventional quasi-periodic avalanche bursts and higher critical exponents as the strain rate is decreased. Our experiments are faithfully reproduced by analytic and computational dislocation avalanche modelling(10,11) that we have extended to incorporate dislocation relaxation, revealing the emergence of the self-organized avalanche oscillator: a novel critical state exhibiting oscillatory approaches towards a depinning critical point(12). This theory suggests that whenever avalanches compete with slow relaxation-in settings ranging from crystal microplasticity to earthquakes-dynamical quasi-periodic scale invariance ought to emerge. C1 [Papanikolaou, Stefanos] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Papanikolaou, Stefanos] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Dimiduk, Dennis M.; Uchic, Michael D.; Woodward, Christopher F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Choi, Woosong; Sethna, James P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zapperi, Stefano] CNR, IENI, I-20125 Milan, Italy. [Zapperi, Stefano] ISI Fdn, I-10126 Turin, Italy. RP Papanikolaou, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM stefanos.papanikolaou@yale.edu RI Papanikolaou, Stefanos/C-9263-2011; Zapperi, Stefano/C-9473-2009 OI Papanikolaou, Stefanos/0000-0001-5239-1275; Zapperi, Stefano/0000-0001-5692-5465 FU DTRA [1-10-1-0021]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-07ER-46393]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; ComplexityNet pilot project LOCAT FX We thank J. Guckenheimer, C. L. Henley, E. A. Jagla, E. Nadgorny, C. O'Hern, R. Thorne, D. Trinkle, E. van der Giessen and V. Vitelli for discussions. We acknowledge support from DTRA 1-10-1-0021 (S.P.), DOE-BES DE-FG02-07ER-46393 (S.P., W.C. and J.P.S.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (D. Stargel) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (D.M.D., C.F.W. and M.D.U.) and the ComplexityNet pilot project LOCAT (S.Z.). NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 8 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 490 IS 7421 BP 517 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11568 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 025NK UT WOS:000310196200037 PM 23099406 ER PT J AU Cumby, BL Hayes, GJ Dickey, MD Justice, RS Tabor, CE Heikenfeld, JC AF Cumby, Brad L. Hayes, Gerard J. Dickey, Michael D. Justice, Ryan S. Tabor, Christopher E. Heikenfeld, Jason C. TI Reconfigurable liquid metal circuits by Laplace pressure shaping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB We report reconfigurable circuits formed by liquid metal shaping with <10 pounds per square inch (psi) Laplace and vacuum pressures. Laplace pressure drives liquid metals into microreplicated trenches, and upon release of vacuum, the liquid metal dewets into droplets that are compacted to 10-100 x less area than when in the channel. Experimental validation includes measurements of actuation speeds exceeding 30 cm/s, simple erasable resistive networks, and switchable 4.5 GHz antennas. Such capability may be of value for next generation of simple electronic switches, tunable antennas, adaptive reflectors, and switchable metamaterials. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764020] C1 [Cumby, Brad L.; Heikenfeld, Jason C.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hayes, Gerard J.; Dickey, Michael D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Justice, Ryan S.; Tabor, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heikenfeld, JC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [UES-P875-6]; NSF ECCS [0925797] FX The University of Cincinnati authors acknowledge research support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Contract No. UES-P875-6. They would also like to thank Mr. Hari Atkuri Senior Research Engineer of Gamma Dynamics for his advice and contributions on module sealing. The N.C. State authors acknowledge research support from NSF ECCS 0925797. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 17 AR 174102 DI 10.1063/1.4764020 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 032NO UT WOS:000310726200099 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Mahalingam, K Kim, M Noe, GT Ogden, NE Kono, J AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Elhamri, S. Mitchel, W. C. Mahalingam, K. Kim, M. Noe, G. T. Ogden, N. E. Kono, J. TI Impact of growth temperature on InAs/GaInSb strained layer superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MU-M; PHOTODIODES; CUTOFF AB We explore the optimum growth space for a 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb superlattices (SLs) designed for the maximum Auger suppression for a very long wavelength infrared gap. Our growth process produces a consistent gap of 50 +/- 5 meV. However, SL quality is sensitive to the growth temperature (T-g). For the SLs grown at 390-470 degrees C, a photoresponse signal gradually increases as Tg increases from 400 to 440 degrees C. Outside this temperature window, the SL quality deteriorates very rapidly. All SLs were n-type with mobility of similar to 10 000 V/cm(2) and 300 K recombination lifetime of similar to 70 ns for an optimized SL. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764015] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.; Mahalingam, K.; Kim, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Noe, G. T.; Ogden, N. E.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-11-D-5801]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-5061] FX The work of H. J. Haugan was performed under Air Force Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5801. The authors thank S. Fenstermaker and G. Landis for a technical assistance with the MBE system and sample preparation for the measurements, respectively. The lifetime data reported here were conducted by Rice University, and the research was sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under Agreement No. FA8650-07-5061. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 17 AR 171105 DI 10.1063/1.4764015 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 032NO UT WOS:000310726200005 ER PT J AU Eliasson, B Shao, X Milikh, G Mishin, EV Papadopoulos, K AF Eliasson, B. Shao, X. Milikh, G. Mishin, E. V. Papadopoulos, K. TI Numerical modeling of artificial ionospheric layers driven by high-power HF heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRONG LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; PLASMA; SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONS AB We present a multi-scale dynamic model for the creation and propagation of artificial plasma layers in the ionosphere observed during high-power high-frequency (HF) heating experiments at HAARP. Ordinary (O) mode electromagnetic (EM) waves excite parametric instabilities and strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) near the reflection point. The coupling between high-frequency electromagnetic and Langmuir waves and low-frequency ion acoustic waves is numerically simulated using a generalized Zakharov equation. The acceleration of plasma electrons is described by a Fokker-Planck model with an effective diffusion coefficient constructed using the simulated Langmuir wave spectrum. The propagation of the accelerated electrons through the non-uniform ionosphere is simulated by a kinetic model accounting for elastic and inelastic collisions with neutrals. The resulting ionization of neutral gas increases the plasma density below the acceleration region, so that the pump wave is reflected at a lower altitude. This leads to a new turbulent layer at the lower altitude, resulting in a descending artificial ionized layer (DAIL), that moves from near 230 km to about 150 km. At the terminal altitude, ionization, recombination, and ambipolar diffusion reach equilibrium, so the descent stops. The modeling results reproduce artificial ionospheric layers produced for similar sets of parameters during the high-power HF experiments at HAARP. C1 [Eliasson, B.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Phys & Astron, Inst Theoret Phys, DE-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Eliasson, B.; Shao, X.; Milikh, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eliasson, B.; Shao, X.; Milikh, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mishin, E. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Eliasson, B (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Phys & Astron, Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Str 150, DE-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM bengt@tp4.rub.de RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU DARPA [N684228]; MURI [N000140710789]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; DFG (Bonn, Germany) [FOR1048] FX The work at UMD was supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and also by MURI N000140710789. E.V.M. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. B.E. acknowledges partial support by the DFG FOR1048 (Bonn, Germany). NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10321 DI 10.1029/2012JA018105 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 024CF UT WOS:000310084600003 ER PT J AU Amama, PB Grant, JT Shamberger, PJ Voevodin, AA Fisher, TS AF Amama, Placidus B. Grant, John T. Shamberger, Patrick J. Voevodin, Andrey A. Fisher, Timothy S. TI Improved Dehydrogenation Properties of Ti-Doped LiAlH4: Role of Ti Precursors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; LITHIUM ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; X-RAY; DESORPTION PROPERTIES; SODIUM ALANATE; NAALH4; DECOMPOSITION; ADDITIVES; KINETICS; TITANIUM AB The dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4 doped with different Ti precursors (Ti, TiO2, and TiCl3) via ball milling are investigated. The results not only show significant decreases in the decomposition temperatures (T-dec) and activation energies (E-A) of the first two dehydrogenation reaction steps of LiAlH4 by doping with TiO2 or TiCl3, but also reveal how each Ti precursor affects the dehydrogenation process. Although doping LiAlH4 with TiCl3 induced the largest decrease in T-dec and E-A, TiO2-doped LiAlH4 produced a decrease in T-dec and E-A that is quite close to the TiCl3-doped sample as well as superior short-term stability, suggesting that doping with TiO2 has certain advantages over doping with TiCl3. Further, the underlying mechanisms associated with the Ti precursors during the dehydrogenation reaction of LiAlH4 have been studied using quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that the Ti4+ and Ti3+ reduction processes and the segregation of Li cations to the surface of LiAlH4 during ball milling play critical roles in the improved dehydrogenation properties observed. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Shamberger, Patrick J.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.; Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM placidus.amama@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 18 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 41 BP 21886 EP 21894 DI 10.1021/jp307225w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 021RD UT WOS:000309902100031 ER PT J AU Shim, JS Kuznetsova, M Rastatter, L Bilitza, D Butala, M Codrescu, M Emery, BA Foster, B Fuller-Rowell, TJ Huba, J Mannucci, AJ Pi, X Ridley, A Scherliess, L Schunk, RW Sojka, JJ Stephens, P Thompson, DC Weimer, D Zhu, L Sutton, E AF Shim, J. S. Kuznetsova, M. Rastaetter, L. Bilitza, D. Butala, M. Codrescu, M. Emery, B. A. Foster, B. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Huba, J. Mannucci, A. J. Pi, X. Ridley, A. Scherliess, L. Schunk, R. W. Sojka, J. J. Stephens, P. Thompson, D. C. Weimer, D. Zhu, L. Sutton, E. TI CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: Electron density, neutral density, NmF2, and hmF2 using space based observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES; MIDDLE AB In an effort to quantitatively assess the current capabilities of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) models, an IT model validation study using metrics was performed. This study is a main part of the CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge, which was initiated at the CEDAR workshop in 2009 to better comprehend strengths and weaknesses of models in predicting the IT system, and to trace improvements in ionospheric/thermospheric specification and forecast. For the challenge, two strong geomagnetic storms, four moderate storms, and three quiet time intervals were selected. For the selected events, we obtained four scores (i.e., RMS error, prediction efficiency, ratio of the maximum change in amplitudes, and ratio of the maximum amplitudes) to compare the performance of models in reproducing the selected physical parameters such as vertical drifts, electron and neutral densities, NmF2, and hmF2. In this paper, we present the results from comparing modeled values against space-based measurements including NmF2 and hmF2 from the CHAMP and COSMIC satellites, and electron and neutral densities at the CHAMP satellite locations. It is found that the accuracy of models varies with the metrics used, latitude and geomagnetic activity level. C1 [Shim, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bilitza, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Butala, M.; Mannucci, A. J.; Pi, X.; Stephens, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Codrescu, M.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Emery, B. A.; Foster, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scherliess, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Sojka, J. J.; Zhu, L.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thompson, D. C.; Sutton, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Weimer, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Shim, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jasoon.shim@nasa.gov RI Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The CHAMP neutral density data used in this study are obtained from http://sisko.colorado.edu/sutton/data.html. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 18 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S10004 DI 10.1029/2012SW000851 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 023XP UT WOS:000310071300001 ER PT J AU Woodall, BD Yamamoto, DP Gullett, BK Touati, A AF Woodall, Brian D. Yamamoto, Dirk P. Gullett, Brian K. Touati, Abderrahmane TI Emissions from Small-Scale Burns of Simulated Deployed U.S. Military Waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; DIOXINS/FURANS; PCDD/F; GAS AB U.S. military forces have historically relied on open burning as an expedient method of volume reduction and treatment of solid waste during the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. This study is the first effort to characterize a broad range of pollutants and their emission factors during the burning of military waste and the effects that recycling efforts, namely removing plastics, might have on emissions. Piles of simulated military waste were constructed, burned, and emissions sampled at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Open Burn Testing Facility (OBTF), Research Triangle Park, NC. Three tests contained polyethylene terephthalate (PET #1 or PET) plastic water bottles and four did not. Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), polychlorinated and polybrominated dioxins/furans (PCDD/F and PBDD/F), and criteria pollutants were determined and are contained within. The average PCDD/F emission factors were 270 ng-toxic equivalency (TEQ) per kg carbon burned (ng-TEQ/kg Cb), ranging from 35 to 780 ng-TEQ/kg Cb. Limited testing suggests that targeted removal of plastic water bottles has no apparent effect on reducing pollutants and may even promote increased emissions. C1 [Woodall, Brian D.; Yamamoto, Dirk P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev E343 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Yamamoto, DP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dirk.yamamoto@afit.edu FU AF/SG5I Force Health Protection office; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported by the U.S. Air Force Surgeon General, AF/SG5I Force Health Protection office and conducted under the auspices of an Intergovernmental Agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We acknowledge the dedicated efforts of Dennis Tabor of U.S. EPA, Johanna Aurell of National Research Council, William Stevens of Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education; and Steve Terll, Libby Nessley, Barbara Wyrzykowska, Jerry Revis, and Donnie Gillis of ARCADIS-US, Inc., who provided technical support at the Open Burn Test Facility. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 BP 10997 EP 11003 DI 10.1021/es3021556 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020JO UT WOS:000309805000021 PM 22947082 ER PT J AU Aurell, J Gullett, BK Yamamoto, D AF Aurell, Johanna Gullett, Brian K. Yamamoto, Dirk TI Emissions from Open Burning of Simulated Military Waste from Forward Operating Bases SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; HOUSEHOLD WASTE; COMBUSTION; DIBENZOFURANS; BARRELS; PCDD/F AB Emissions from open burning of simulated military waste from forward operating bases (FOBs) were extensively characterized as an initial step in assessing potential inhalation exposure of FOB personnel and future disposal alternatives. Emissions from two different burning scenarios, so-called "burn piles/pits" and an air curtain burner/"burn box", were compared using simulated FOB waste from municipal and commercial sources. A comprehensive array of emissions was quantified, including CO2, PM2.5, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PBDDs/PBDFs), and metals. In general, smoldering conditions in the burn box and the burn pile led to similar emissions. However, when the burn box underwent periodic waste charging to maintain sustained combustion, PM2.5, VOCs, and PAH emissions dropped considerably compared to smoldering conditions and the overall burn pile results. The PCDD/PCDF and PBDD/PBDF emission factors for the burn piles were 50 times higher than those from the burn box likely due to the dominance of smoldering combustion in the burn piles. C1 [Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Aurell, Johanna] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yamamoto, Dirk] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov RI Aurell, Johanna/L-2046-2013 FU AF/SG9S Force Health Protection office; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. EPA/NRMRL FX This research was supported by the US Air Force Surgeon General, AF/SG9S Force Health Protection office and conducted under the auspices of an Intergovernmental Agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Special thanks to personnel at the U.S. Army's Tooele Depot who were critical to the success of this mission: Don Fanning, Roger Hale, Darwin Jones, Coy Christensen, Jacinta Williams and Dave Woodworth. Contributing EPA personnel included Chris Pressley, Dennis Tabor, and William Stevens (ORISE postdoc). Aerostat operations were handled by Rob Gribble and Larry Plush of ISSI, Inc. Assisting AFIT personnel included Mike Schmidt and Val Oppenheimer. This research was performed while Johanna Aurell held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. EPA/NRMRL. This publication has been subjected to the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an U.S. EPA document. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 BP 11004 EP 11012 DI 10.1021/es303131k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020JO UT WOS:000309805000022 PM 22992062 ER PT J AU Altfeder, I Matveev, KA Voevodin, AA AF Altfeder, Igor Matveev, K. A. Voevodin, A. A. TI Imaging the Electron-Phonon Interaction at the Atomic Scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; SURFACE; GROWTH; METALS; PB AB Thin Pb films epitaxially grown on 7 x 7 reconstructed Si( 111) represent an ideal model system for studying the electron-phonon interaction at the metal-insulator interface. For this system, using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, we performed direct real-space imaging of the electron-phonon coupling parameter. We found that lambda increases when the electron scattering at the Pb/Si(111) interface is diffuse and decreases when the electron scattering is specular. We show that the effect is driven by transverse redistribution of the electron density inside a quantum well. C1 [Altfeder, Igor; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Matveev, K. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Altfeder, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Igor.Altfeder.Ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 16 AR 166402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.166402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 021BS UT WOS:000309860900004 PM 23215098 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Chirputkar, S Alpert, DN Eason, T Spottswood, S Qian, D AF Yang, Ye Chirputkar, Shardool Alpert, David N. Eason, Thomas Spottswood, Stephen Qian, Dong TI Enriched space-time finite element method: a new paradigm for multiscaling from elastodynamics to molecular dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE space-time FEM; extended FEM; enrichment; Galerkin least-square stabilization; bridging-scale method; lattice fracture ID SINGLE-STEP ALGORITHM; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; NUMERICAL DISSIPATION; CRACK-GROWTH; FORMULATION; PARTITION; MECHANICS; EQUATIONS AB The main objective of this paper is to present an enriched version of the spacetime FEM method to incorporate multiple temporal scale features with a focus on dynamics problems. The method is established by integrating the basic framework of the spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method with the extended finite element method. Two versions of the method have been developed: one at the continuum scale (elastodynamics) and the other focuses on the dynamics at the molecular level. After an initial outline of the formulation, we explore the incorporation of different types of enrichments based on the length scale of interest. The effects of both continuous and discontinuous enrichments are demonstrated through numerical examples involving wave propagations and dynamic fracture in harmonic lattice. The robustness of the method is evaluated in terms of convergence and the ability to capture the fine scale features. It is shown that the enriched spacetime FEM leads to an improvement in the convergence properties over the traditional spacetime FEM for problems with multiple temporal features. It is also highly effective in integrating atomistic with continuum representations with a coupled framework. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yang, Ye; Chirputkar, Shardool; Alpert, David N.; Qian, Dong] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Mech Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Eason, Thomas; Spottswood, Stephen] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Fairborn, OH 45433 USA. RP Qian, D (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Mech Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Dong.Qian@uc.edu RI Qian, Dong/B-2326-2008 OI Qian, Dong/0000-0001-9367-0924 FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program; Structural Science Center at the Air Force Research Lab; Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute Fellowship; National Science Foundation [CMMI 0600583, 0700107] FX DQ, YY, DNA and SC would like to acknowledge the generous support from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program (managed by ASEE), the Structural Science Center at the Air Force Research Lab, the Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute Fellowship and the National Science Foundation (grants CMMI 0600583 and 0700107). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these documents are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. This work was also supported in part by an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 92 IS 2 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.1002/nme.4323 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 007HB UT WOS:000308878300001 ER PT J AU Huang, CS AF Huang, Chao-Song TI Equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics associated with high-speed solar wind streams during January-April 2007 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PENETRATION; MODELS AB High-speed solar wind streams cause recurrent geomagnetic activity and ionospheric disturbances. In this study, we analyze the equatorial ionospheric ion drift measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites near dusk when high-speed solar wind streams with a period of 13.5 days occurred during January-April 2007. A well-defined quantitative correlation between the solar wind velocity and the equatorial ionospheric ion drift is identified for the first time. The plasma drift in the dusk equatorial ionosphere induced by high-speed solar wind streams is eastward in the zonal direction and downward in the vertical direction at the altitude of DMSP orbit (similar to 840 km) during this low solar activity period (January-April 2007). The zonal component of the equatorial ionospheric ion drift is inversely correlated with the vertical component. The ionospheric ion zonal drift varies, on average, from -40 to 40 m s(-1) when the solar wind velocity varies from 300 to 700 km s(-1) over a 13.5 day period, and the ion vertical drift varies from 10 to -10 m s(-1). The quantitative correlations between the solar wind velocity and ionospheric ion drift and between the vertical and zonal components of the ion drift velocity are important for understanding the equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics associated with high-speed solar wind streams and for space weather prediction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 570,Rm 2125,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [11RV04COR] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR Task 11RV04COR. The author thanks Fred Rich of MIT for his help in processing the DMSP satellite data and acknowledges NASA GSFC CDAWeb for providing access to the solar wind and Kp index data. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10311 DI 10.1029/2012JA017930 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 020QG UT WOS:000309827700004 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Halliburton, LE Basun, SA Grabar, AA Odoulov, SG Shumelyuk, A Giles, NC Evans, DR AF Brant, A. T. Halliburton, L. E. Basun, S. A. Grabar, A. A. Odoulov, S. G. Shumelyuk, A. Giles, N. C. Evans, D. R. TI Photoinduced EPR study of Sb2+ ions in photorefractive Sn2P2S6 crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SBGA HETEROANTISITE DEFECT; TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; PHASE-CONJUGATION; DOPED SN2P2S6; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SMALL POLARONS; GAAS-SB; SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCEMENT AB Single crystals of Sn2P2S6 are both ferroelectric and photorefractive. Antimony (Sb) ions are optically active in this material and play an important role in optimizing the photorefractive response. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to determine the site and charge states of the Sb ions in Sn2P2S6 and to illustrate the photocharging behavior of these ions. In as-grown crystals, Sb3+ ions substitute for Sn2+ ions. A multiline EPR spectrum from Sb2+ ions is observed after exposing a crystal at 30 K to either 633- or 442-nm laser light. These Sb2+ ions are thermally stable at low temperature after the light is removed. They revert back to Sb3+ ions when the crystal is warmed above 250 K for a few minutes. The EPR spectrum has S = 1/2 and consists of well-resolved sets of hyperfine lines from Sb-121 and Sb-123 nuclei. Spin Hamiltonian parameters are obtained from the angular dependence of the spectrum (principal values are 1.810, 1.868, and 1.887 for the g matrix and 1404, 1687, and 1849 MHz for the Sb-121 hyperfine matrix). These parameters provide evidence that the wave function for the unpaired spin has significant p-like character and has overlap with neighboring ions. C1 [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brant, A. T.; Giles, N. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grabar, A. A.] Uzhgorod Natl Univ, Inst Solid State Phys & Chem, UA-88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine. [Odoulov, S. G.; Shumelyuk, A.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM larry.halliburton@mail.wvu.edu OI Grabar, Alexander/0000-0002-2551-7036 FU West Virginia University from the National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352]; Ukraine by the European Office of Research and Development via the Science and Technology Center at Uzhgorod National University [P438]; Ukraine by the European Office of Research and Development via the Science and Technology Center at the Institute of Physics in Kiev [P335] FX This research was supported at West Virginia University by Grant No. DMR-0804352 from the National Science Foundation and in the Ukraine by the European Office of Research and Development via the Science and Technology Center (Project P438 at Uzhgorod National University and Project P335 at the Institute of Physics in Kiev). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 13 AR 134109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.134109 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 018HN UT WOS:000309651000002 ER PT J AU Ouchen, F Sotzing, GA Miller, TL Singh, KM Telek, BA Lesko, AC Aga, R Fehrman-Cory, EM Yaney, PP Grote, JG Bartsch, CM Heckman, EM AF Ouchen, Fahima Sotzing, Gregory A. Miller, Trisha L. Singh, Kristi M. Telek, Brian A. Lesko, Alyssa C. Aga, Roberto Fehrman-Cory, Emily M. Yaney, Perry P. Grote, James G. Bartsch, Carrie M. Heckman, Emily M. TI Modified processing techniques of a DNA biopolymer for enhanced performance in photonics applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Significant modifications have been made in the processing techniques developed to transform purified, marine-based deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into a biopolymer suitable for optical and electronic device fabrication. This technique employs a modified soxhlet-dialysis rinsing process to completely remove excess ionic contaminants from the DNA biopolymer, resulting in a material with greater mechanical stability and enhanced performance reproducibility. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4758484] C1 [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Sotzing, Gregory A.; Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Trisha L.; Singh, Kristi M.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Aga, Roberto] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 15 AR 153702 DI 10.1063/1.4758484 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 026TQ UT WOS:000310304900096 ER PT J AU Brown, DP Walker, MA Urbas, AM Kildishev, AV Xiao, SM Drachev, VP AF Brown, Dean P. Walker, Mark A. Urbas, Augustine M. Kildishev, Alexander V. Xiao, Shumin Drachev, Vladimir P. TI Direct measurement of group delay dispersion in metamagnetics for ultrafast pulse shaping SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON INTRAPULSE INTERFERENCE; COHERENT CONTROL; METAMATERIALS; COMPENSATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY AB In this paper, we explore the use of magnetic resonant metamaterials, so called metamagnetics, as dispersive elements for optical pulse shaping. We measure both positive and negative group delay dispersion (GDD) values in a metamagnetic material using the multiphoton interference phase scan (MIIPS) technique and show pulse temporal profiles numerically. The results are compared with finite element models. These GDD properties of metamagnetics, along with previously shown tunability and loss control with gain media, enable their use in ultrashort pulse optical applications. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Brown, Dean P.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Walker, Mark A.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kildishev, Alexander V.; Xiao, Shumin; Drachev, Vladimir P.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kildishev, Alexander V.; Xiao, Shumin; Drachev, Vladimir P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Drachev, Vladimir P.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76208 USA. RP Brown, DP (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM dean.brown@osamember.org RI Drachev, Vladimir/J-5778-2013; OI Kildishev, Alexander/0000-0002-8382-8422 FU AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program FX D.P.B., M. W., and A. M. U. would like to thank Dr. Igor Pastirk and Prof. Marcos Dantus for their helpful discussions regarding the measurement of dispersion, and GDD, using the MIIPS technique. We thank Dr. Lucia Prokopeva for FDTD models. This work was supported by the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 21 BP 23082 EP 23087 DI 10.1364/OE.20.023082 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 022JP UT WOS:000309955100012 PM 23188272 ER PT J AU Wrzesinski, PJ Roy, S Gord, JR AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Interference-free coherence dynamics of gas-phase molecules using spectral focusing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; FS-CARS SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND CARS; THERMOMETRY; PULSES; TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPY AB Spectral focusing using broadband femtosecond pulses to achieve highly selective measurements has been employed for numerous applications in spectroscopy and microspectroscopy. In this work we highlight the use of spectral focusing for selective excitation and detection of gas-phase species. Furthermore, we demonstrate that spectral focusing, coupled with time-resolved measurements based upon probe delay, allows the observation of interference-free coherence dynamics of multiple molecules and gas-phase temperature making this technique ideal for gas-phase measurements of reacting flows and combustion processes. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), CNR, 500 5th St, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU National Research Council at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); AFRL [FA8650-10-C-2008]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was performed while Dr. Wrzesinski was the holder of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Funding for this research was provided by AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008 and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager). The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Waruna Kulatilaka for providing valuable comments during the course of this project. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 21 BP 23390 EP 23397 DI 10.1364/OE.20.023390 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 022JP UT WOS:000309955100043 PM 23188303 ER PT J AU Tao, X Bortnik, J Albert, JM Thorne, RM AF Tao, Xin Bortnik, Jacob Albert, Jay M. Thorne, Richard M. TI Comparison of bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; COHERENT VLF WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; PLASMA; MAGNETOSPHERE; CYCLOTRON; DENSITY AB Quasi-linear bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for interactions between electrons and parallel propagating whistler waves in a dipole field are compared with test particle simulations. We solve equations of motion for a large number of electrons interacting with waves with a Gaussian distribution of wave power. For broadband and small amplitude waves, which are assumed by the quasi-linear analysis, our test particle simulation results agree well with quasi-linear theory predictions. We then demonstrate the effect of the wave amplitude on diffusion coefficients. We show that as the amplitude increases, the bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients become invalid. Critical wave amplitudes for the breakdown of the bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for a range of energies and pitch angles are calculated for the set of wave parameters we used. Finally, we investigate the effect of wave bandwidth on bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients. Consistent with a previous theoretical prediction, bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are still valid for narrowband waves, as long as the wave amplitude is small. When the amplitude of the narrowband wavefield increases, nonlinear effects such as phase-bunching and trapping become dominant and correspondingly quasi-linear theory becomes invalid. Our results demonstrate the validity of applying quasi-linear theory to interactions between electrons and small amplitude plasma waves in the radiation belt. C1 [Tao, Xin; Bortnik, Jacob; Thorne, Richard M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Albert, Jay M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xtao@atmos.ucla.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU UCLA by NSF [0903802]; NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program FX This research was supported at UCLA by NSF grant 0903802, which was awarded through the NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10205 DI 10.1029/2012JA017931 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017SB UT WOS:000309610000003 ER PT J AU Vartanyan, A Milikh, GM Mishin, E Parrot, M Galkin, I Reinisch, B Huba, J Joyce, G Papadopoulos, K AF Vartanyan, A. Milikh, G. M. Mishin, E. Parrot, M. Galkin, I. Reinisch, B. Huba, J. Joyce, G. Papadopoulos, K. TI Artificial ducts caused by HF heating of the ionosphere by HAARP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-WAVES; DRIFT MEASUREMENTS; AIRGLOW; MODEL AB We report on satellite observations of plasma density enhancements (ducts) in the topside ionosphere during four HAARP/BRIOCHE campaigns during 2009-2010. Artificial ducts, caused by high-power HF radio wave injections from the HAARP transmitter toward the magnetic zenith, are detected by the DEMETER and DMSP satellites on a regular basis when there is a perceptible ionospheric F-2 peak density. Overall, the plasma density enhancements detected between 0930 and 1230 LT varied from 3-13%, while those during similar to 1730-2215 LT were typically 15-40%. We also used a modified SAMI2 model to study the artificial ducts' mechanism driven by HF electron heating in the bottomside F-2 region. The heating builds up the plasma pressure, thus pushing plasma along the magnetic field. The simulation results performed for the input parameters similar to the conditions of the heating experiments are in fair agreement with the pertinent observations. The ducts seem to be produced most efficiently for heating frequencies quite close to the critical frequency f(o)F(2). C1 [Vartanyan, A.; Milikh, G. M.; Joyce, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vartanyan, A.; Milikh, G. M.; Joyce, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mishin, E.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Parrot, M.] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Galkin, I.; Reinisch, B.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vartanyan, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM aramvar@umd.edu FU DARPA [N684228]; BAE Systems; MURI [N000140710789]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX A.V. and G.M. were supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and also by the MURI grant N000140710789. E.M. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors thank J.J. Berthelier for the use of the data from the IAP instrument onboard DEMETER. We are also very thankful for Lee Snyder's help with the Digisonde measurements and for the Kodiak radar measurements made by Bill Bristow. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10307 DI 10.1029/2012JA017563 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017RX UT WOS:000309609600001 ER PT J AU Sutton, EK Cable, SB Lin, CS Qian, LY Weimer, DR AF Sutton, Eric K. Cable, Samuel B. Lin, Chin S. Qian, Liying Weimer, Daniel R. TI Thermospheric basis functions for improved dynamic calibration of semi-empirical models SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL AB State-of-the-art satellite drag models require upgrades to meet operational Precision Orbit Determination requirements for collision avoidance, reentry predictions and catalog maintenance. However, accurate model representations of thermospheric density are not currently possible without the use of data assimilation, or model calibration. Furthermore, due to sparse data sampling in the thermosphere, such calibration has only been successfully demonstrated by fitting the available data to a low-dimensional model. The High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM), used operationally by the Space Surveillance Network to aid in the tracking of low-earth orbiting satellites, compensates for errors in the Jacchia-70 static diffusion model by fitting a truncated set of spherical harmonics to a subset of recent satellite tracking data. We present a technique to derive a set of basis functions better suited to capturing the spatial variability and response of the thermosphere. By comparing the uncompensated Jacchia-70 model with the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), we create a new set of orthogonal basis functions that can be used to calibrate semi-empirical models such as HASDM with increased accuracy in the presence of sparse data. An initial analysis of the new approach, driven by synthetic data, shows a 32.9% improvement in the RMS error over the current implementation of HASDM. C1 [Sutton, Eric K.; Cable, Samuel B.; Lin, Chin S.] USAF, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Qian, Liying] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Weimer, Daniel R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sutton, EK (reprint author), USAF, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM eric.sutton@kirtland.af.mil RI Qian, Liying/D-9236-2013; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Qian, Liying/0000-0003-2430-1388; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory Orbital Drag Environment (ODE) program FX This work was performed with the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory Orbital Drag Environment (ODE) program. The authors wish to acknowledge the TIEGCM team from the High Altitude Observatory (HAO) for their substantial contribution to this work. E.K.S. would like to acknowledge Barbara Emery of HAO for helpful discussions and insights concerning TIEGCM. The authors also acknowledge Air Force Space Command (AFSPC/A9) for providing the J70DCA model. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S10001 DI 10.1029/2012SW000827 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 017TU UT WOS:000309614700001 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL Koh, CJ Golan, A Leone, SR AF Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Koh, Christine J. Golan, Amir Leone, Stephen R. TI Ultraviolet Photoionization Efficiency of the Vaporized Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tricyanomethanide: Direct Detection of the Intact Ion Pair SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION AB We present the first direct measurement of a neutral, intact ion pair photoionization efficiency (PIE) curve for a vaporized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-TOFMS). The ionization potential (IP) for the ion pair is experimentally determined to be 6.6 +/- 0.5 eV, which matches reasonably well with the adiabatic IP of 7.3 +/- 0.2 eV calculated at the M06/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The lifetime to dissociation of the cation-radical complex formed upon ionization of the ion pair is highly dependent upon entropic contributions. Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) determined the enthalpy of vaporization to be Delta H-vap(298 K) = 143.5 +/- 6.2 kJ/mol and that vaporization of BMIM+TCM- as ion pairs is the dominant mechanism for mass loss under the experimental conditions for VUV PI-TOFMS (T = 433 K). C1 [Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, Propellants Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL RQRP, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Chambreau, Steven D.] ERC Inc, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Koh, Christine J.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koh, Christine J.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Golan, Amir; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vaghjiani, GL (reprint author), USAF, Propellants Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL RQRP, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9300-06-C-0023, FA9550-10-1-0163]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting S.D.C. (Grant No. FA9300-06-C-0023) and for C.K. and S.R.L. (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0163). This work at the ALS was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (A.G. and S.R.L.). We would like to thank Jerry Boatz for helpful discussions and Amanda Wheaton for obtaining the TGA data. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 19 BP 2910 EP 2914 DI 10.1021/jz301242w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 016GL UT WOS:000309505400031 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Farrugia, CJ Burke, WJ Ober, DM Mozer, FS Reme, H Dunlop, M Siebert, KD AF Maynard, Nelson C. Farrugia, Charles J. Burke, William J. Ober, Daniel M. Mozer, Forrest S. Reme, Henri Dunlop, Malcolm Siebert, Keith D. TI Cluster observations of the dusk flank magnetopause near the sash: Ion dynamics and flow-through reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOSPHERIC SASH; TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BOW SHOCK; SIMULATIONS; PROPAGATION; DEPENDENCE AB Compared to the dayside, dynamics on the flanks of the magnetopause are poorly understood. To help bridge this knowledge gap we analyzed Cluster plasma and field measurements acquired during a 90-min period on 20 November 2003 when Cluster crossed the magnetopause four times in the vicinity of the sash. MHD simulations provide a context for Cluster observations. Crossings were between the magnetosheath and an S-shaped plasma sheet, rather than to the open-field lobes of the magnetotail. Cluster encountered two regions of MHD-breaking differences between perpendicular ion velocities and E x B convection. Ion adiabatic expansion parameter (delta(i)) calculations show that ion gyrotropy was not broken during an episode of strong Alfven wave activity in the magnetosheath. However, gyrotropy was broken (delta(i) > 1) during the fourth magnetopause crossing. In the magnetosheath, ion guiding-center motion was maintained but inertial effects associated with temporally varying electric fields are probable sources of velocity differences. Regarding the magnetopause crossing, the generalized Ohm's law limits possible sources for breaking ion gyrotropy to inertial forces and/or electron pressure gradients associated with a nearby reconnection event. We suggest that Cluster witnessed effects of a temporally varying and spatially limited, flow-through reconnection event between open mantle field lines from the two polar caps adding new closed flux to the LLBL at the sash. Future modeling of flank dynamics must consider inertial forces as significant drivers at the magnetopause and in the adjacent magnetosheath. C1 [Maynard, Nelson C.; Farrugia, Charles J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Burke, William J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Ober, Daniel M.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirkland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mozer, Forrest S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reme, Henri] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Reme, Henri] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Dunlop, Malcolm] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. [Siebert, Keith D.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Nashua, NH USA. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM nelson.maynard@unh.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dulles, Virginia; NASA [NNX09AE41G-1/14, NNX10AQ29G]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research with Boston College [2311SDA5, FA8718-10-C-0001]; AFOSR Task [11RV04COR]; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [2009S1-54] FX We thank Elizabeth Lucek, the FGM team, and the ESA Cluster Active Archive for use of the Cluster magnetometer data, Mats Andre for use of the Cluster electric field data, Charles Smith and David McComas for use of the ACE magnetic field and particle data. We would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with B. U. O. Sonnerup and J. D. Scudder. The ISM was developed under sponsorship of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dulles, Virginia. ISM computations were performed on computers at AFRL. NCM and FSM received NASA support under Cluster grant NNX09AE41G-1/14. C.J.F. acknowledges NASA grant NNX10AQ29G. W.J.B. received support in part from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, through task 2311SDA5 under AF contract FA8718-10-C-0001 with Boston College. D.M.O. received support through AFOSR Task 11RV04COR. M.D. was partly supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) visiting professorship for senior international scientists grant 2009S1-54. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10201 DI 10.1029/2012JA017703 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017RI UT WOS:000309607900001 ER PT J AU Rau, I Grote, JG Kajzar, F Pawlicka, A AF Rau, Ileana Grote, James G. Kajzar, Francois Pawlicka, Agnieszka TI DNA - novel nanomaterial for applications in photonics and in electronics SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA-CTMA complex; Functionalized DNA-CTMA; NLO properties; Third harmonic generation; Solid electrochromic cells ID SURFACTANT COMPLEX FILMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD ORIENTATION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THIN-FILMS AB Functionalization with surfactants and with active molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thin film processing as well as their nonlinear optical and electrical properties are reviewed and discussed. On the basis of a quantum three level model, we show that the anomalous concentration variation of cubic susceptibility chi((3))(-3 omega; omega, omega, omega) in thin films of DNA-CTMA complexes doped with Disperse Red 1 chromophore can be explained by the concentration variation of two-photon resonance contribution. We show also that the DNA complexes, plasticized with glycerol and adequately doped can be processed into self standing conducting membranes with a high electrical conductivity. The measured ionic conductivity at room temperature, depending on dopant used and its concentration, is in the range of 3.5 x 10(-4)-10(-5) S/cm and increases linearly as a function of temperature, reaching 10(-3) S/cm at 358 K for the most conducting sample, obeying predominantly the Arrhenius law. Practical applications of DNA complexes are also described and discussed. (C) 2012 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Rau, Ileana; Kajzar, Francois] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kajzar, Francois] Univ Angers, Inst Sci & Technol Mol Angers, MOLTECH Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, Equipe Interact Mol Opt Non Lineaire & Structurat, F-49045 Angers, France. [Pawlicka, Agnieszka] Univ Sao Paulo, IQSC, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Rau, I (reprint author), Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. EM Ileana_brandusa@yahoo.com; frkajzar@yahoo.com RI Pawlicka, Agnieszka/C-2625-2012; RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008 OI Pawlicka, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8754-0493; RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502 FU Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, through the UEFISCDI organism [279/7.10.2011, PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-05053]; AFOSR; FAPESP; CNPq; CAPES FX I. Rau and F. Kajzar acknowledge the financial support of Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, through the UEFISCDI organism, under Contract Number 279/7.10.2011, Code Project PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-05053. A. Pawlicka acknowledges the financial support of AFOSR, FAPESP, CNPq and CAPES provided for this research. NR 97 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 EI 1878-1535 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 13 IS 8 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.09.005 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 049ME UT WOS:000311986300007 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Iyer, N AF Brungart, Douglas S. Iyer, Nandini TI Better-ear glimpsing efficiency with symmetrically-placed interfering talkers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; SPATIAL SEPARATION; INTERAURAL TIME; MASKING; RECOGNITION; SEGREGATION; UNMASKING; HEARING; NOISE AB In listening tasks where a target speech signal is spatially separated from a masking voice, listeners can often gain a substantial advantage in performance by attending to the ear with the better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, this better-ear strategy becomes much more complicated when a target talker located in front of the listener is masked by interfering talkers positioned at symmetric locations to the left and right of the target. When this happens, there are no long-term SNR advantages at either ear and the only binaural SNR advantages available are the result of complicated better-ear glimpses that vary as a function of frequency and rapidly switch back and forth between the two ears according to the natural fluctuations in the relative levels of the two masking voices. In this study, a signal processing technique was used to take the better-ear glimpses that would ordinarily be randomly distributed across the two ears in a binaural speech signal and move them all into the same ear. This resulted in a monaural signal that contained all the information available to an ideal listener using an optimal binaural glimpsing strategy. Speech intelligibility was measured with these optimized monaural stimuli and compared to performance with unprocessed binaural speech stimuli. Performance was similar in these two conditions, suggesting that listeners with normal hearing are able to efficiently extract information from better-ear glimpses that fluctuate rapidly across frequency and across the two ears. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4747005] C1 [Brungart, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Iyer, Nandini] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM douglas.brungart@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 132 IS 4 BP 2545 EP 2556 DI 10.1121/1.4747005 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 018HJ UT WOS:000309650600057 PM 23039448 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JGW Summers, V Iyer, N Brungart, DS AF Bernstein, Joshua G. W. Summers, Van Iyer, Nandini Brungart, Douglas S. TI Set-size procedures for controlling variations in speech-reception performance with a fluctuating masker SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL FINE-STRUCTURE; HEARING-IMPAIRED LISTENERS; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED NOISE; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; FREQUENCY-IMPORTANCE; INTERFERING SPEECH; PULSED MASKING; RELEASE; INTELLIGIBILITY AB Adaptive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tracking is often used to measure speech reception in noise. Because SNR varies with performance using this method, data interpretation can be confounded when measuring an SNR-dependent effect such as the fluctuating-masker benefit (FMB) (the intelligibility improvement afforded by brief dips in the masker level). One way to overcome this confound, and allow FMB comparisons across listener groups with different stationary-noise performance, is to adjust the response set size to equalize performance across groups at a fixed SNR. However, this technique is only valid under the assumption that changes in set size have the same effect on percentage-correct performance for different masker types. This assumption was tested by measuring nonsense-syllable identification for normal-hearing listeners as a function of SNR, set size and masker (stationary noise, 4- and 32-Hz modulated noise and an interfering talker). Set-size adjustment had the same impact on performance scores for all maskers, confirming the independence of FMB (at matched SNRs) and set size. These results, along with those of a second experiment evaluating an adaptive set-size algorithm to adjust performance levels, establish set size as an efficient and effective tool to adjust baseline performance when comparing effects of masker fluctuations between listener groups. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4746019] C1 [Bernstein, Joshua G. W.; Summers, Van; Brungart, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Iyer, Nandini] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bernstein, JGW (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM joshua.g.bernstein.civ@health.mil FU NIH-NIDCD [R03-DC-010264]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Department of Research Programs (DRP); Audiology and Speech Center (ASC); Walter Reed National Military Medical Center FX This work was supported by grants from the NIH-NIDCD (Grant No. R03-DC-010264) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and departmental funding from the Department of Research Programs (DRP) and the Audiology and Speech Center (ASC), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Portions of this work were presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Audiological and Auditory Research, Nyborg, Denmark, August 24-26, 2011, and the Annual Meeting of the American Auditory Society, Scottsdale, Arizona, March 8-10, 2012. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 132 IS 4 BP 2676 EP 2689 DI 10.1121/1.4746019 PN 1 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 018HJ UT WOS:000309650600069 PM 23039460 ER PT J AU Ehrenberg, IM Sarma, SE Wu, BI AF Ehrenberg, Isaac M. Sarma, Sanjay E. Wu, Bae-Ian TI A three-dimensional self-supporting low loss microwave lens with a negative refractive index SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAMATERIALS; CLOAK AB Demonstrations of focusing with metamaterial lenses have predominantly featured two dimensional structures or stacks of planar elements, both limited by losses which hinder realized gain near the focal region. In this study, we present a plano-concave lens built from a 3D self-supporting metamaterial structure featuring a negative refractive index between 10 and 12 GHz. Fabricated using macroscopic layered prototyping, the lens curvature, negative index and low loss contribute to a recognizable focus and free space gains above 13 dB. 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757577] C1 [Ehrenberg, Isaac M.; Sarma, Sanjay E.] MIT, AutoID Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wu, Bae-Ian] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ehrenberg, IM (reprint author), MIT, AutoID Labs, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 7 DI 10.1063/1.4757577 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 029IT UT WOS:000310489400015 ER PT J AU Mustafaev, AS Demidov, VI Kaganovich, I Adams, SF Koepke, ME Grabovskiy, A AF Mustafaev, A. S. Demidov, V. I. Kaganovich, I. Adams, S. F. Koepke, M. E. Grabovskiy, A. TI Control of current and voltage oscillations in a short dc discharge making use of external auxiliary electrode SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB A dc discharge with a hot cathode is subject to current and voltage plasma oscillations, which have deleterious effects on its operation. The oscillations can be inhibited by installing an auxiliary electrode, placed outside of anode. By collecting a modest current through a small opening in anode, we show that the discharge becomes stable, in a certain pressure range. This method of avoiding current oscillations can be used, for example, for high current stabilizers. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757111] C1 [Mustafaev, A. S.; Grabovskiy, A.] Univ Mines, Natl Mineral Resources Univ, St Petersburg 199106, Russia. [Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kaganovich, I.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mustafaev, AS (reprint author), Univ Mines, Natl Mineral Resources Univ, St Petersburg 199106, Russia. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Mustafaev, Alexander/I-1319-2016 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; FU DOE OFES [DE-SC0001939]; AFOSR; AF Summer Fellowship program FX The authors are grateful to Maria Demidova for technical assistance. This research was supported by the DOE OFES (Contract No. DE-SC0001939) and the AFOSR. The work of V. I. D. was supported through the AF Summer Fellowship program. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 AR 103502 DI 10.1063/1.4757111 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 043QZ UT WOS:000311562500019 PM 23126761 ER PT J AU Vij, V Haddad, TS Yandek, GR Ramirez, SM Mabry, JM AF Vij, Vandana Haddad, Timothy S. Yandek, Gregory R. Ramirez, Sean M. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Synthesis of Aromatic Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxane (POSS) Dianilines for Use in High-Temperature Polyimides SO SILICON LA English DT Article DE POSS; Polyimide; Dianiline; Thermal stability; Silsesquioxane ID DECKER-SHAPED SILSESQUIOXANE; ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MAIN-CHAIN; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMERS; RESINS; OLIGOSILSESQUIOXANES AB A series of novel aromatic Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxane (POSS) dianiline molecules has been synthesized for use in the preparation of high temperature aromatic polyimides. A general synthetic strategy was devised to improve the structure, yield, and utility of POSS dianilines over those currently available. Peripheral aromatic functionality was specifically incorporated in order to improve thermal properties and to increase compatibility with aromatic polymers. Silyloxy and/or aromatic functional groups were used to link the aniline groups to the POSS cage in order to ensure that this linkage was not a thermal weak point. Additionally, the stereochemistry of the aniline functionality has been varied to produce both meta- and para- isomers. The new dianiline monomers can be used to produce high molecular weight polyimide polymers. These dianilines have been incorporated both as pendants to the polymer backbone, and in a "bead-on-a-string" fashion by insertion into the polymer main-chain. In addition to producing POSS polyimides with superior thermal stability, these new monomers will allow full characterization and comparison of POSS-polyimides with differing structures in order to delineate the structure-property relationships of POSS and polymer architectures. C1 [Vij, Vandana; Haddad, Timothy S.; Ramirez, Sean M.] Edwards AFB, AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, ERC Inc, Los Angeles, CA 93524 USA. RP Haddad, TS (reprint author), Edwards AFB, AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, ERC Inc, Los Angeles, CA 93524 USA. EM timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate for funding and facilities support. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-990X EI 1876-9918 J9 SILICON-NETH JI Silicon PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 267 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s12633-012-9130-2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 035MU UT WOS:000310952100005 ER PT J AU Nag, S Zheng, Y Williams, REA Devaraj, A Boyne, A Wang, Y Collins, PC Viswanathan, GB Tiley, JS Muddle, BC Banerjee, R Fraser, HL AF Nag, S. Zheng, Y. Williams, R. E. A. Devaraj, A. Boyne, A. Wang, Y. Collins, P. C. Viswanathan, G. B. Tiley, J. S. Muddle, B. C. Banerjee, R. Fraser, H. L. TI Non-classical homogeneous precipitation mediated by compositional fluctuations in titanium alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nucleation of phase transformations; Titanium alloys; Atom probe tomography (APT); Thermodynamics; Precipitation AB This paper presents experimental evidence of homogeneous precipitation of the alpha-phase within the beta matrix of a titanium alloy, and then accounts for this phase transformation by a new, non-classical mechanism involving compositional fluctuations, based on the pseudo-spinodal concept [1]. This mechanism involves local compositional fluctuations of small amplitude which, when of a certain magnitude, can favor thermodynamically certain regions of the beta matrix to transform congruently to the alpha-phase but with compositions far from equilibrium. Subsequently, as measured experimentally using the tomographical atom probe, continuous diffusional partitioning between the parent beta- and product alpha-phases during isothermal annealing drives their compositions towards equilibrium. For a given alloy composition, the decomposition mechanism is strongly temperature dependent, which would be expected for homogeneous precipitation via the compositional fluctuation-mediated mechanism but not necessarily for one based on classical nucleation theory. The applicability of this mechanism to phase transformations in general is noted. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nag, S.; Zheng, Y.; Williams, R. E. A.; Boyne, A.; Wang, Y.; Collins, P. C.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nag, S.; Zheng, Y.; Williams, R. E. A.; Boyne, A.; Wang, Y.; Collins, P. C.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nag, S.; Devaraj, A.; Collins, P. C.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nag, S.; Devaraj, A.; Collins, P. C.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Tiley, J. S.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Muddle, B. C.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Fraser, HL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fraser@matsceng.ohio-state.edu RI devaraj, arun/C-4604-2013; Zheng, Yufeng/C-5336-2013; Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010; Collins, Peter/A-4961-2016 OI Collins, Peter/0000-0002-3441-2981 FU US National Science Foundation [1006487]; US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-C-5226)] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the US National Science Foundation (DMR Award # 1006487), with Dr Alan Ardell as Program Manager) and the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL contract FA8650-08-C-5226) for providing financial support for this study. In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at the Ohio State University and the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas for access to the experimental facilities used for this study. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 IS 18 BP 6247 EP 6256 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.07.033 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 031ST UT WOS:000310663300002 ER PT J AU Siegel, SG Fagley, C Nowlin, S AF Siegel, S. G. Fagley, C. Nowlin, S. TI Experimental wave termination in a 2D wave tunnel using a cycloidal wave energy converter SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wave energy conversion; Cycloidal turbine; Deep ocean wave; Cycloidal wave energy converter; Wave flume; Experiment AB A lift based cycloidal wave energy converter (CycWEC) is investigated in a 1:300 scale two-dimensional wave flume experiment. This type of wave energy converter consists of a shaft with one or more hydrofoils attached eccentrically at a radius. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and submerged at a fixed depth. The operation of the CycWEC both as a wave generator as well as a wave-to-shaft energy converter interacting with straight crested waves is demonstrated. The geometry of the converter is shown to be suitable for wave termination of straight crested harmonic and irregular waves. The impact of design parameters such as device size, submergence depth, and number of hydrofoils on the performance of the converter is shown. For optimal parameter choices, experimental results demonstrate energy extraction efficiencies of more than 95% of the incoming wave energy. This is achieved using feedback control to synchronize the rotation of the CycWEC to the incoming wave, and adjusting the blade pitch angle in proportion to the wave height. Due to the ability of the CycWEC to generate a single sided wave with few harmonic waves, little energy is lost to waves radiating in the up-wave and down-wave directions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Siegel, S. G.; Fagley, C.; Nowlin, S.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2410 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM stefan@siegels.us FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0801614] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the fruitful discussions with their colleagues at the Air Force Academy, most importantly Dr. Seidel for his help in proofreading the manuscript. This material is based upon activities supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. ECCS-0801614, monitored by Dr. George Maracas. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 38 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.apor.2012.07.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 031VR UT WOS:000310671200009 ER PT J AU Welch, MN Czyz, CN Kalwerisky, K Holck, DEE Mihora, LD AF Welch, Mark N. Czyz, Craig N. Kalwerisky, Kevin Holck, David E. E. Mihora, Lisa D. TI Double-Blind, Bilateral Pain Comparison with Simultaneous Injection of 2% Lidocaine versus Buffered 2% Lidocaine for Periocular Anesthesia SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Opthalmic-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgery CY OCT, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Ophthal Plast & Recontruct Surg ID LOCAL-ANESTHESIA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EPINEPHRINE; 1-PERCENT; BLEPHAROPLASTY; INFILTRATION; PLAIN AB Purpose: Determine if raising the pH of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1: 100 000 to a physiologic level decreases pain perception during periocular, subcutaneous anesthesia. Design: Double-blind, prospective, randomized study. Simultaneous unilateral injections of buffered and unbuffered lidocaine solutions were given before surgery to patients having bilateral, periocular surgery. Participants: Fifty-four consecutive patients (27 male and 27 female; mean age, 68 years; standard deviation, 11 years). Intervention: Patients were given simultaneous injections of buffered and unbuffered 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100 000. The needles were inserted simultaneously and the anesthesia was injected for a 20-second count for a total volume of 1.0 ml per injected side. Main Outcome Measures: After the simultaneous injections, the patients were asked to rate the pain on each side on a Likert-type visual analog scale of 0 to 10. Results: Sixty-five percent of patients preferred the buffered lidocaine with a scaled pain reduction of 0.9 (P = 0.0005). Additionally, for the patients who believed that the buffered solution was less painful, the mean decrease in scaled pain rating was 2, for a 51% reduction in pain level (P = 0.001). No gender differences were noted. Conclusions: Buffering 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1: 100 000 with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% offers a clinically and statistically significant reduction in pain experienced by two-thirds of patients receiving periocular subcutaneous anesthesia. C1 [Welch, Mark N.] Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Augusta, GA 30905 USA. [Czyz, Craig N.; Kalwerisky, Kevin] Ohio Univ, Sect Oculofacial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Div Ophthalmol, OhioHlth Doctors Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. [Kalwerisky, Kevin; Holck, David E. E.; Mihora, Lisa D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Welch, MN (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 300 Hosp Rd, Augusta, GA 30905 USA. EM mark.n.welch@gmail.com NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 2012 VL 119 IS 10 BP 2048 EP 2052 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.05.029 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 030PF UT WOS:000310581900017 PM 22771049 ER PT J AU Wisnewski, AV Stowe, MH Nerlinger, A Opare-Addo, P Decamp, D Kleinsmith, CR Redlich, CA AF Wisnewski, Adam V. Stowe, Meredith H. Nerlinger, Abby Opare-Addo, Paul Decamp, David Kleinsmith, Christopher R. Redlich, Carrie A. TI Biomonitoring Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Exposure Based on Serum Levels of HDI-Specific IgG SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE biomarker; exposure; HDI; hygiene; occupational ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; 4,4'-METHYLENEDIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; AIRBORNE ISOCYANATES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; BODY REPAIR; ANTIBODIES; ALBUMIN; WORKERS; POLYURETHANE; DISEASE AB Isocyanate chemicals essential for polyurethane production are widely used industrially, and are increasingly found in consumer products. Asthma and other adverse health effects of isocyanates are well-documented and exposure surveillance is crucial to disease prevention. Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was evaluated as an exposure biomarker among workers at a US Air Force Air Logistics Center, which includes a large aircraft maintenance facility. HDI-specific IgG (HDI-IgG) titers in serum samples (n = 74) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based upon the biuret form of HDI conjugated to human albumin. Information on personal protective equipment (PPE), work location/tasks, smoking, asthma history, basic demographics, and HDI skin exposure was obtained through questionnaire. HDI-specific serum IgG levels were elevated in n = 17 (23%) of the workers studied. The prevalence and/or end-titer of the HDI-IgG was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with specific job titles, self-reported skin exposure, night-shift work, and respirator use, but not atopy, asthma, or other demographic information. The highest titers were localized to specific worksites (C-130 painting), while other worksites (generator painting) had no or few workers with detectable HDI-IgG. HDI-specific immune responses (IgG) provide a practical biomarker to aid in exposure surveillance and ongoing industrial hygiene efforts. The strategy may supplement current air sampling approaches, which do not assess exposures via skin, or variability in PPE use or effectiveness. The approach may also be applicable to evaluating isocyanate exposures in other settings, and may extend to other chemical allergens. C1 [Wisnewski, Adam V.; Stowe, Meredith H.; Nerlinger, Abby; Opare-Addo, Paul; Redlich, Carrie A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Yale Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Decamp, David] USAF, Dept Occupat Med, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wisnewski, AV (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Yale Occupat & Environm Med Program, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM adam.wisnewski@yale.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES016728, ES018021, K24-ES000355]; United States Air Force FX National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES016728 and ES018021 to A. V. W. and K24-ES000355 to C. A. R.) and United States Air Force. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 56 IS 8 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mes024 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 025AL UT WOS:000310154600004 PM 22449630 ER PT J AU Mina, R Bennett, M Qi, LN Nelson, S Hummel, J Shiyanov, P Schlager, J Devarajan, P Brunner, HI AF Mina, Rina Bennett, Michael Qi, Lining Nelson, Shannen Hummel, Jessica Shiyanov, Pavel Schlager, John Devarajan, Prasad Brunner, Hermine I. TI Urine Biomarkers Distinguish Between Proliferative and Membranous Lupus Nephritis in Childhood Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology (ACR) and Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals (ARHP) CY NOV 09-14, 2012 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol (ACR), Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess (ARHP) C1 [Mina, Rina] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Bennett, Michael; Devarajan, Prasad] Cincinnati Childrens Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Qi, Lining; Shiyanov, Pavel; Schlager, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 64 IS 10 SU S MA 2474 BP S1043 EP S1043 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 019OD UT WOS:000309748305394 ER PT J AU Anderson, RG Binner, JM Schmidt, VA AF Anderson, Richard G. Binner, Jane M. Schmidt, Vincent A. TI Connectionist-based rules describing the pass-through of individual goods prices into trend inflation in the United States SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Consumer prices; Inflation; Neural network; Data mining; Rule generation ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; MODEL-SELECTION AB This paper examines the inflation "pass-through" problem in American monetary policy, defined as the relationship between changes in the growth rates of individual goods and the subsequent economy-wide rate of growth of consumer prices. Initial relationships are established with Granger causality tests robust to structural breaks. A feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) is used to approximate the functional relationship between selected component subindexes and the headline CPI. Moving beyond the ANN "black box", we illustrate how decision rules can be extracted from the network. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Richard G.] Fed Reserve Bank St Louis, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. [Anderson, Richard G.; Binner, Jane M.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Management, Sheffield S1 4DT, S Yorkshire, England. [Schmidt, Vincent A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, RG (reprint author), Fed Reserve Bank St Louis, 1421 Dr Martin Luther King Dr, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. EM anderson@stls.frb.org; j.m.binner@sheffield.ac.uk; vince@vincentive.org NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 EI 1873-7374 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 117 IS 1 BP 174 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.094 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 015GO UT WOS:000309434600047 ER PT J AU Zhu, JD Yuan, L Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Zhu, Junda Yuan, Liang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. TI Stereo Visual Tracking Within Structured Environments for Measuring Vehicle Speed SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Object tracking; particle filtering; stereo vision; structured environments ID PARTICLE FILTER; OBJECT TRACKING; MOTION; FEATURES; IMAGES; MODELS AB We present a novel visual tracking method for measuring the speed of a moving vehicle within a structured environment using stationary stereo cameras. In the proposed method, visual stereo tracking and motion estimation in 3-D are integrated within the framework of particle filtering. The visual tracking processes in the two views are coupled with each other since they are dependent upon the same 3-D motion and correlated in the observations. Considering that the vehicle's motion is physically constrained by the environment, we further utilize the path constraint reconstructed from stereo views to reduce the uncertainty about the vehicle's motion and improve the accuracy for both tracking and speed measuring. The proposed method overcomes the challenges arising from the limitation of depth accuracy in a long-range stereo, and the experiments on the synthetic and real-world sequences have demonstrated its effectiveness and accuracy in both the tracking performance and the speed measurement. C1 [Zhu, Junda; Yuan, Liang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, JD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zhuj@ece.osu.edu; yuanl@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1471 EP 1484 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2012.2202074 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 019HY UT WOS:000309730400006 ER PT J AU Huang, YH Zhang, X Fan, YY Yin, LJ Seversky, L Allen, J Lei, T Dong, WJ AF Huang, Yanhui Zhang, Xing Fan, Yangyu Yin, Lijun Seversky, Lee Allen, James Lei, Tao Dong, Weijun TI Reshaping 3D facial scans for facial appearance modeling and 3D facial expression analysis SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE 3D facial expression recognition; 3D face modeling; 3D face scans; 3D model mapping ID RECOGNITION; FACE; IMAGES AB 3D face scans have been widely used for face modeling and analysis. Due to the fact that face scans provide variable point clouds across frames, they may not capture complete facial data or miss point-to-point correspondences across various facial scans, thus causing difficulties to use such data for analysis. This paper presents an efficient approach to representing facial shapes from face scans through the reconstruction of face models based on regional information and a generic model. A new approach for 3D feature detection and a hybrid approach using two vertex mapping algorithms, displacement mapping and point-to-surface mapping, and a regional blending algorithm are proposed to reconstruct the facial surface detail. The resulting models can represent individual facial shapes consistently and adaptively, establishing facial point correspondences across individual models. The accuracy of the generated models is evaluated quantitatively. The applicability of the models is validated through the application of 3D facial expression recognition using the static 3DFE and dynamic 4DFE databases. A comparison with the state of the art has also been reported. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xing; Yin, Lijun; Seversky, Lee; Allen, James] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. [Huang, Yanhui; Fan, Yangyu; Lei, Tao] NW Polytech Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Seversky, Lee] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Dong, Weijun] Northwest Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Yin, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. EM lijun@cs.binghamton.edu FU NSF [IIS-0414029, IIS-0541044, IIS-1051103]; FRL/AFOSR; NYSTAR; 863 Program of China [2007AA01Z324] FX This work was supported in part by the NSF (IIS-0414029, IIS-0541044, and IIS-1051103), AFRL/AFOSR, and NYSTAR; it was also supported in part by the 863 Program of China (No. 2007AA01Z324). This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Stefanos Zafeiriou. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 30 IS 10 BP 750 EP 761 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2011.12.008 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 027YD UT WOS:000310389100007 ER PT J AU Schroder, A Ou, SC Ghia, U AF Schroder, Andrew Ou, Shichuan Ghia, Urmila TI Experimental Study of an Impingement Cooling-Jet Array Using an Infrared Thermography Technique SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA ID HEAT-TRANSFER DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-FLOW; SURFACE AB An experimental test facility has been designed, constructed, and commissioned for studying the convective heat transfer of an array of 55 impingement jets with a constant heat-flux boundary condition. Spatial variation in time-averaged Nusselt number as well as spanwise time-averaged Nusselt number are presented for jet Reynolds numbers of 4000, 8000, 12,000, and 15,000 for a jet-to-target standoff distance of z/D = 3. For each of these configurations, the exit flow has also been varied to include both single-exit and double-exit configurations. The time and overall area-averaged Nusselt number is presented as a function of jet Reynolds number. The results show that the time-averaged Nusselt number increases with increasing jet Reynolds number in both the local and spanwise-averaged values. The single-exit configuration provides lower values of local and spanwise-averaged Nusselt number for all jet Reynolds numbers studied compared with the double-exit configuration. This reduction is caused by more crossflow accumulation while it moves toward the exit. C1 [Schroder, Andrew; Ghia, Urmila] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ou, Shichuan] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schroder, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.2514/1.T3812 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 025HN UT WOS:000310179400005 ER PT J AU Taft, BS Williams, AD Drolen, BL AF Taft, Brent S. Williams, Andrew D. Drolen, Bruce L. TI Review of Pulsating Heat Pipe Working Fluid Selection SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Hawaii Summer Conferences CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID FLOW VISUALIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB The pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a novel, simply formed, wickless heat pipe that relies on the phase change induced motion of a contained working fluid to transport heat between the evaporator (the hot end) and condenser (the cold end). The improved heat transfer capability, simplicity, and reduced mass of PHPs have lead to great interest in the PHP. This paper reviews one crucial, yet often overlooked, aspect of PHP operation: the working fluid. Analytical analysis is used to show that R-134a and its replacement, HFO-1234yf, are particularly well suited as PHP working fluids. The following five conclusions are reached: 1) surface tension and density play an important role in sizing PHPs for operation in varying gravitational environments; 2) at low vapor pressures, noncondensable gas considerably increases the PHP system pressure, thus subcooling the system; 3) dynamic contact angle and surface tension significantly affect the capillary resistance force acting to damp PHP operation; 4) large viscosities act to damp PHP operation; and 5) latent heat of vaporization, surface tension, and density play a significant part in PHP startup. C1 [Taft, Brent S.; Williams, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Drolen, Bruce L.] Boeing Space & Intelligence Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Taft, BS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.2514/1.T3768 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 025HN UT WOS:000310179400013 ER PT J AU Pinske, K Greener, T Peterson, A AF Pinske, Kim Greener, Trent Peterson, Andrew TI College Coaches Corner-Speed Training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB SPEED TRAINING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF IMPROVING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. FOR MOST ATHLETES, GETTING FASTER LEADS TO IMPROVED PERFORMANCE. BECAUSE SPEED TRAINING IS A CRITICAL ASPECT FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES, THE PURPOSE OF THIS COLUMN IS TO SEE HOW OUR PANEL OF COACHES APPROACH SPEED TRAINING WITH THEIR ATHLETES. C1 [Pinske, Kim] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Greener, Trent] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Peterson, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Pinske, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 34 IS 5 BP 96 EP 98 DI 10.1519/SSC.0b013e31826d8fa2 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 016UM UT WOS:000309545000016 ER PT J AU Andreev, AD Hendricks, KJ AF Andreev, Andrey D. Hendricks, Kyle J. TI ICEPIC Simulation of a Strapped Nonrelativistic High-Power UHF Magnetron With a Transparent Cathode Operating in the Explosive Electron Emission Mode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Explosive electron emission (EEE); magnetrons; microwave power generation; solid cathode; transparent cathode ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; STARTUP; FIELDS AB The operation of a high-power nonrelativistic strapped ultra-high-frequency (UHF) multicavity magnetron with transparent cathode is simulated using the Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (ICEPIC) code. Results of the simulations are compared with simulations of the same magnetron with a solid cylindrical cathode. Both cathodes are explosive-emission electron sources that operate in the space-charge-limited mode of the electron extraction from the cathode. Simulations are part of an effort searching for methods and technologies that enable an increase of output microwave power of strapped nonrelativistic high-power UHF magnetrons by replacing thermionic direct-heated cathodes with a non-thermionic-emission cathode. Results of the simulations show that the anode current I-a and the output power P-out of the magnetron with the transparent cathode are higher than I-a and P-out of the same magnetron with a solid cathode. At the same time, the electronic efficiency eta(e) of the magnetron with the transparent cathode is less, and the startup time t(s) is shorter than eta(e) and t(s) of the magnetron with the solid cathode. C1 [Andreev, Andrey D.] Raytheon Ktech, Raytheon Missile Syst, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Hendricks, Kyle J.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andreev, AD (reprint author), Raytheon Ktech, Raytheon Missile Syst, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM Andrey.D.Andreev@raytheon.com; kyle.hendricks@kirtland.af.mil NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 40 IS 10 SI SI BP 2535 EP 2547 DI 10.1109/TPS.2012.2183149 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 021EG UT WOS:000309867500031 ER PT J AU Towle, EL Garcia, PV Smith, PA Thomas, RJ Dunn, AK Welch, AJ Foutch, BK AF Towle, Erica L. Garcia, Paul V. Smith, Peter A. Thomas, Robert J. Dunn, Andrew K. Welch, Ashley J. Foutch, Brian K. TI Visual disruption using the thermal lensing effect in the human eye: pilot study SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser applications; laser safety; thermal effects ID INFRARED-LASER-RADIATION; DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; NEAR-IR AB At select wavelengths, near infrared (IR) light is absorbed in the preretinal media of the eye. This produces small transient increases in temperature that temporarily alter the local index of refraction. If the IR exposure is sufficiently high, a momentary reduction in the focusing power of the eye can be induced through an effect known as thermal lensing. Fundamental optical interaction and safety aspects of this phenomenon have been demonstrated previously in animal and artificial eye models. However, whether the effect will induce an observable visual change in human subjects has not been explored. Here, results of a pilot study are shown where eight human subjects were exposed to an IR laser at levels that were below the safe exposure limit. The exposures did induce a transient visual distortion if sufficiently high levels were used. While the description of the visual change varied between subjects, this experiment was able to determine a general guideline for power needed to induce significant effects in human subjects. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.10.105007] C1 [Towle, Erica L.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Towle, Erica L.; Dunn, Andrew K.; Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78612 USA. [Towle, Erica L.] Consortium Res Fellowship Program, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Garcia, Paul V.; Smith, Peter A.; Foutch, Brian K.] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Foutch, Brian K.] Univ Incarnate Word, Rosenberg Sch Optometry, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Towle, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM eweber@utexas.edu RI Dunn, Andrew/I-9527-2014 FU Consortium Research Fellowship program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Consortium Research Fellowship program for student financial support. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Thomas Milner (University of Texas at Austin) and Rebecca Vincelette (TASC Inc) for contributing their knowledge and advice in preparing for this project. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 17 IS 10 AR 105007 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.17.10.105007 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 021UK UT WOS:000309910700027 PM 23070524 ER PT J AU Agte, J Borer, N de Weck, O AF Agte, Jeremy Borer, Nicholas de Weck, Olivier TI Design of Long-Endurance Systems With Inherent Robustness to Partial Failures During Operations SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; AIRCRAFT AB This article presents an integrated multistate method for the early-phase design of inherently robust systems; namely, those capable, as a prima facie quality, of maintaining adequate performance in the face of probabilistic system events or failures. The methodology merges integrated multidisciplinary analysis techniques for system design with behavioral-Markov analysis methods used to define probabilistic metrics such as reliability and availability. The result is a multistate approach that concurrently manipulates design variables and component failure rates to better identify key features for an inherently robust system. This methodology is demonstrated on the design of a long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle for a three-month ice surveillance mission over Antarctica. The vehicle is designed using the multistate methodology and then compared to a baseline design created for the best performance under nominal conditions. Results demonstrated an improvement of 10-11% in system availability over this period with minimal impacts on cost or performance. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007574] C1 [Agte, Jeremy] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Borer, Nicholas] Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [de Weck, Olivier] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Agte, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.agte@afit.edu; nborer@draper.com; deweck@mit.edu FU Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. FX The authors would like to thank The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., for its support of this research. Additionally, the authors thank Craig Nickol, Mark Guynn, and Tom Ozoroski of the NASA Langley Research Center for providing information on the NASA ice sheet UAV study. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 134 IS 10 AR 100903 DI 10.1115/1.4007574 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 018IU UT WOS:000309654400005 ER PT J AU Oesch, DW Tewksbury-Christle, CM Patrick, DJS Kelly, PR AF Oesch, Denis W. Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn M. Patrick, Darryl J. Sanchez Kelly, Patrick R. TI Aggregate behavior of branch points: characterization in wave optical simulation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE branch points; optical vortices; atmospheric propagation; turbulence; adaptive optics ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; TURBULENCE; VORTICES AB Atmospheric turbulence imparts phase distortions on propagating optical waves. These distortions couple into amplitude fluctuations at the pupil of a telescope, which, for strong enough phase distortions, produce zeros in the amplitude called branch points. In our earlier work, we presented the case that branch points can be utilized as a source of information on the turbulent atmosphere. Using our bench-top data, we have demonstrated several properties of branch points including motion, density, persistence and separation. We have shown that the pupil plane motion of subsets of branch points scales to the velocities of atmospheric turbulence layers and identifies the number of branch point producing layers. We have identified empirical relationships for density and separation as functions of the strength and altitude for a single layer. All of this work has been done using a bench-top adaptive optics system utilizing a two-layer atmospheric turbulence simulator. In this paper, we use simulations to verify these previous results by showing that all of these branch point properties follow similar behaviors in independently anchored wave optics simulations. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.106001] C1 [Oesch, Denis W.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn M.; Patrick, Darryl J. Sanchez; Kelly, Patrick R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Oesch, DW (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM denis.w.oesch@saic.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We would like to express our gratitude to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support in funding this research. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 51 IS 10 AR 106001 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.106001 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 021WF UT WOS:000309915400043 ER PT J AU Van Zandt, NR Cusumano, SJ Bartell, RJ Basu, S McCrae, JE Fiorino, ST AF Van Zandt, Noah R. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Bartell, Richard J. Basu, Santasri McCrae, Jack E. Fiorino, Steven T. TI Comparison of coherent and incoherent laser beam combination for tactical engagements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric propagation; coherent and incoherent laser beam combining; confidence intervals for wave optics; fiber lasers; laser arrays; waveguide lasers ID TILT ERRORS; HIGH-POWER; PERFORMANCE; TRACKING; SYSTEMS; JITTER; PISTON AB The performance of a multibeam laser system is evaluated for coherent and incoherent beam combination under tactical scenarios. For direct comparison, identical aperture geometries are used for both, coherent or incoherent, combination methods. The analysis assumes a multilaser source coupled with a conventional 0.32 m diameter, on-axis, beam director. Parametric analysis includes variations over residual errors, beam quality, atmospheric effects, and scenario geometry. Analytical solutions from previous results are used to evaluate performance for the vacuum case, providing an upper bound on performance and a backdrop for organizing the multitude of effects as they are analyzed. Wave optics simulations are used for total system performance. Each laser in the array has a wavelength of 1.07 mu m, 10 kW (25 kW) output power, and Gaussian exitance profile. Both tracking and full-aperture adaptive optics are modeled. Three tactical engagement geometries, air to surface, surface to air, and surface to surface, are evaluated for slant ranges from 2.5 to 10 km. Two near-median atmospheric profiles were selected based upon worldwide climatological data. The performance metric used is beam propagation efficiency for circular target diameters of 5 and 10 cm. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.104301] C1 [Van Zandt, Noah R.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Bartell, Richard J.; Basu, Santasri; McCrae, Jack E.; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Zandt, NR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Salvatore.Cusumano@AFIT.Edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was funded by a grant from the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Matthew Whiteley, MZA Dayton Office, for constructing the WaveTrain model and his expert advice in running the simulations. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and AFIT. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 51 IS 10 AR 104301 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.104301 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 021WF UT WOS:000309915400029 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Yi, J Gao, GF Koerner, H Park, K Wang, J Luo, KY Vaia, RA Hsu, JWP AF Lee, Yun-Ju Yi, Juan Gao, Galen F. Koerner, Hilmar Park, Kyoungweon Wang, Jian Luo, Kaiyuan Vaia, Richard A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticle Hole Transport Layers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic devices; charge transport; molybdenum oxide nanoparticles; electronic structures; thin films ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; INJECTION C1 [Lee, Yun-Ju; Gao, Galen F.; Wang, Jian; Luo, Kaiyuan; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Yi, Juan] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Park, Kyoungweon] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM yjalee@utdallas.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-7488-2011 OI Wang, Jian/0000-0002-4515-9782 FU University of Texas at Dallas; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Nanoelectronics; George A. Jeffrey NanoExplorers Program at the University of Texas at Dallas FX We thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Steven Alvarez-Rivera for guidance on using the ALS/LBNL beam line. The project is supported by the University of Texas at Dallas, Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. JWPH acknowledges the support of Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Nanoelectronics. GFG acknowledges support from the George A. Jeffrey NanoExplorers Program at the University of Texas at Dallas. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 50 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1197 DI 10.1002/aenm.201200229 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 017NE UT WOS:000309595900005 ER PT J AU Bailitz, J Hoffmann, B Nolting, L Budhram, G Cosby, K Bengiamin, R Baty, G Summers, S Ferre, R Hunt, P AF Bailitz, J. Hoffmann, B. Nolting, L. Budhram, G. Cosby, K. Bengiamin, R. Baty, G. Summers, S. Ferre, R. Hunt, P. TI Accuracy of Emergency Medicine Residents During Completion of the American College of Emergency Physicians Minimum Ultrasonography Training Benchmarks SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians (ACEP) CY OCT 08-09, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys (ACEP) C1 Cook Cty Hosp Stroger, Chicago, IL USA. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. Palmetto Hlth, Columbia, SC USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, ME USA. UCSF Fresno Community Med Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 018BX UT WOS:000309636100015 ER PT J AU Tortonesi, M Stefanelli, C Benvegnu, E Ford, K Suri, N Linderman, M AF Tortonesi, Mauro Stefanelli, Cesare Benvegnu, Erika Ford, Ken Suri, Niranjan Linderman, Mark TI Multiple-UAV Coordination and Communications in Tactical Edge Networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Unmanned aerial vehicles are becoming prevalent in tactical networks as they are proving to be an extremely flexible platform for a variety of applications. Increasingly, UAVs need to cooperate with each other in order to perform complex tasks such as target monitoring and prosecution, information gathering and processing, and delivery between disconnected portions of the network. However, UAV cooperation in tactical scenarios represents a major challenge from both the coordination and communication perspectives. In fact, cooperating UAVs must achieve a high degree of coordination in order to accomplish complex tasks in a dynamic and uncertain environment. In turn, as UAVs interact with other entities, the effective coordination of multiple-UAV operations requires specific support in terms of efficient communication protocols and mechanisms exploiting UAVs as mobile assets that facilitate and hasten critical information flows. This article presents a series of considerations and lessons learned that we have collected in our experience with multiple-UAV coordination and communications in tactical edge networks, and discusses some of the main components of a middleware we specifically designed to support multiple-UAV operations. C1 [Tortonesi, Mauro; Stefanelli, Cesare] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Suri, Niranjan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Linderman, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Informat Management Technol Area, Washington, DC USA. RP Tortonesi, M (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM mauro.tortonesi@unife.it; cesare.stefanelli@unife.it; ebenvegnu@ihmc.us; kford@ihmc.us; nsuri@ihmc.us; Mark.Linderman@rl.af.mil OI Tortonesi, Mauro/0000-0002-7417-4455 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 10 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 019HO UT WOS:000309729100004 ER PT J AU Cheng, CH Lin, DM Liou, LL Tsui, JB AF Cheng, Chi-Hao Lin, David M. Liou, Lihyeh L. Tsui, James B. TI Electronic Warfare Receiver with Multiple FFT Frame Sizes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB An electronic warfare (EW) receiver based on fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) with different frame sizes is presented. With a given sampling frequency, an FFT-based EW receiver can improve its frequency estimation by increasing the FFT frame size; however, such an increase has detrimental effects on its time-of-arrival and pulse width estimations. By applying multiple FFTs with different frame sizes, the proposed EW receiver can achieve high time and frequency resolutions simultaneously. C1 [Cheng, Chi-Hao] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Lin, David M.; Liou, Lihyeh L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Tsui, James B.] Tsui Consulting, Centerville, OH USA. RP Cheng, CH (reprint author), Miami Univ, 260L Engn Bldg, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM chengc@muohio.edu FU US Department of Defense under STTR [N68335-09-C-0119] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Defense under STTR grant N68335-09-C-0119. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 3318 EP 3330 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 021DN UT WOS:000309865600033 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S Sotnikov, VI AF Mudaliar, Saba Sotnikov, Vladimir I. TI Radiation Characteristics of Antennas Embedded in a Medium With a Two-Temperature Electron Population SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Communication blackout; dispersion relation; electron acoustic waves; Hertzian dipole; overdense plasma; radiation characteristics ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; PLASMA WAVES; REENTRY; EXCITATION; BEAM; COMMUNICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; VEHICLES AB It is well-known that low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signals are heavily attenuated in a medium with dense electron population. All signals below the plasma frequency of the medium get cut off. If we create in this medium, a small population of relatively hot electrons the composite medium then supports low-frequency electrostatic oscillations known as electron acoustic waves (EAW) [e.g., Gary and Tokar, Phys. Fluids 28, 2439]. The dispersion relation of this composite medium shows that it supports EAW in the frequency band where EM signals are cut off. Thus, it is possible, in principle, to employ EAW to transmit signals across an overdense plasma medium. Our primary interest in this paper is to study the radiation characteristics of a source current distribution embedded in a half-space of our composite medium. To enable this, we derive the Green's functions for our problem and, hence, study the radiation characteristics of antennas. When the source signal frequency is below the plasma frequency, only EAW exist in the composite medium, while only EM waves can exist in the free space above. We find that the far-zone radiation fields of any current distribution consist only of theta-polarized waves. Explicit expressions for the radiated fields are obtained for horizontally-and vertically-polarized Hertzian dipoles embedded in our composite medium. We, hence, find that in both cases the radiation patterns are skewed towards the horizon. In particular, we find that the radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole has two lobes as opposed to one in the underdense case. C1 [Mudaliar, Saba; Sotnikov, Vladimir I.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saba.mu-daliar@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors thank the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory for support. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 IS 10 BP 4545 EP 4555 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2207314 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 019LY UT WOS:000309742400010 ER PT J AU Olderog, CK Schmitz, GR Bruner, DR Pittoti, R Williams, J Ouyang, K AF Olderog, Cameron K. Schmitz, Gillian R. Bruner, David R. Pittoti, Rebecca Williams, Justin Ouyang, Ken TI CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AS PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT FAILURES IN UNCOMPLICATED SKIN ABSCESSES WITHIN SEVEN DAYS AFTER INCISION AND DRAINAGE SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MRSA; cellulitis; abscess; antibiotics ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE AB Background: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now the leading cause of superficial abscesses seen in the Emergency Department. Study Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine if an association exists between three predictor variables (abscess size, cellulitis size, and MRSA culture) and treatment failure within 7 days after incision and drainage in adults. Our secondary aim was to determine if an association exists between two clinical features (abscess size and size of surrounding cellulitis) and eventual MRSA diagnosis by culture. Methods: Logistic regression models were used to examine clinical variables as predictors of treatment failure within 7 days after incision and drainage and MRSA by wound culture. Results: Of 212 study participants, 190 patients were analyzed and 22 were lost to follow-up. Patients who grew MRSA, compared to those who did not, were more likely to fail treatment (31% to 10%, respectively; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8-31%). The failure rates for abscesses >= 5 cm and < 5 cm were 26% and 22%, respectively (95% CI -11-26%). The failure rates for cellulitis >= 5 cm and < 5 cm were 27% and 16%, respectively (95% CI -2-22%). Larger abscesses were no more likely to grow MRSA than smaller abscesses (55% vs. 53%, respectively; 95% CI -22-23%). The patients with larger-diameter cellulitis demonstrated a slightly higher rate of MRSA-positive culture results compared to patients with smaller-diameter cellulitis (61% vs. 46%, respectively; 95% CI -0.3-30%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Cellulitis and abscess size do not predict treatment failures within 7 days, nor do they predict which patients will have MRSA. MRSA-positive patients are more likely to fail treatment within 7 days of incision and drainage. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Olderog, Cameron K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Schmitz, Gillian R.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Bruner, David R.] Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Pittoti, Rebecca] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Williams, Justin] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ouyang, Ken] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Olderog, CK (reprint author), DeWitt Army Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 9501 Farrel Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.09.037 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 017FY UT WOS:000309576700024 PM 22698825 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Pitotti, RL Dixon, PS Valtier, S Esquivel, L Bush, A Little, CM AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Pitotti, Rebecca L. Dixon, Patricia S. Valtier, Sandra Esquivel, Luis Bush, Anneke Little, Charles M. TI Hydroxocobalamin and Epinephrine Both Improve Survival in a Swine Model of Cyanide-Induced Cardiac Arrest SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY PERFUSION-PRESSURE; CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION; SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION; SMOKE-INHALATION; BLOOD; ASSOCIATION; LACTATE; RETURN AB Study objective: To determine whether hydroxocobalamin will improve survival compared with epinephrine and saline solution controls in a model of cyanide-induced cardiac arrest. Methods: Forty-five swine (38 to 42 kg) were tracheally intubated, anesthetized, and central venous and arterial continuous cardiovascular monitoring catheters were inserted. Potassium cyanide was infused until cardiac arrest developed, defined as mean arterial pressure less than 30 mm Hg. Animals were treated with standardized mechanical chest compressions and were randomly assigned to receive one of 3 intravenous bolus therapies: hydroxocobalamin, epinephrine, or saline solution (control). All animals were monitored for 60 minutes after cardiac arrest. Additional epinephrine infusions were used in all arms of the study after return of spontaneous circulation for systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg. A sample size of 15 animals per group was determined according to a power of 80%, a survival difference of 0.5, and an alpha of 0.05. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to determine statistically significant changes between groups over time. Results: Baseline weight, time to arrest, and cyanide dose at cardiac arrest were similar in the 3 groups. Coronary perfusion pressures with chest compressions were greater than 15 mm Hg in both treatment groups indicating sufficient compression depth. Zero of 15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0% to 25%) animals in the control group, 11 of 15 (73%; 95% CI 48% to 90%) in the hydroxocobalamin group, and 11 of 15 (73%; 95% CI 48% to 90%) in the epinephrine group survived to the conclusion of the study (P<.001). The proportion of animals with return of spontaneous circulation at 5 minutes was 4 of 15 (27%; 95% CI 10% to 52%), and that of return of spontaneous circulation at 10 minutes was 11 of 15 (73%; 95% CI 48% to 90%) in the 2 treatment groups. Additional epinephrine infusion after return of spontaneous circulation was administered for hypotension in 2 of 11 (18%; 95% CI 4% to 48%) hydroxocobalamin animals and in 11 of 11 (100%; 95% CI 70% to 100%) of the epinephrine animals (P<.001). At 60 minutes, serum lactate was significantly lower in the hydroxocobalamin group compared with the epinephrine group (4.9 [SD 2.21 versus 12.3 [SD 2.21 mmol/L), and the pH was significantly higher (7.34 [SD 0.03] versus 7.15 [SD 0.07]). Serial blood cyanide levels in the hydroxocobalamin group were also lower than that of the epinephrine group from cardiac arrest through the conclusion of the study. Conclusion: Intravenous hydroxocobalamin and epinephrine both independently improved survival compared with saline solution control in our swine model of cyanide-induced cardiac arrest. Hydroxocobalamin improved mean arterial pressure and pH, decreased blood lactate and cyanide levels, and decreased the use of rescue epinephrine therapy compared with that in the epinephrine group. [Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60:415-422.] C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pitotti, Rebecca L.] Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.; Valtier, Sandra; Bush, Anneke] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Esquivel, Luis] St Marys Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. [Little, Charles M.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.02.002 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 018BW UT WOS:000309636000004 PM 22424656 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Sawyer, J Zhang, ZL Adams, SF AF Wu, Yue Sawyer, Jordan Zhang, Zhili Adams, Steven F. TI Flame temperature measurements by radar resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of molecular oxygen SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; 2-COLOR; FLOWS; REMPI; CARS; AIR AB Here we report nonintrusive local rotational temperature measurements of molecular oxygen, based on coherent microwave scattering (radar) from resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in room air and hydrogen/air flames. Analyses of the rotational line strengths of the two-photon molecular oxygen C-3 Pi(v = 2) <- X-3 Sigma(v' = 0) transition have been used to determine the hyperfine rotational state distribution of the ground X-3 Sigma(v' = 0) state. Rotationally resolved 2 + 1 REMPI spectra of the molecular oxygen C-3 Pi(v = 2) <- X-3 Sigma(v' = 0) transition at different temperatures were obtained experimentally by radar REMPI. Rotational temperatures have been determined from the resulting Boltzmann plots. The measurements in general had an accuracy of similar to +/- 60 K in the hydrogen/air flames at various equivalence ratios. Discussions about the decreased accuracy for the temperature measurement at elevated temperatures have been presented. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Wu, Yue; Sawyer, Jordan; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Adams, Steven F.] USAF, Res Lab, RZPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1032523]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work is being supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) CBET-1032523 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 28 BP 6864 EP 6869 DI 10.1364/AO.51.006864 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 016UI UT WOS:000309544600022 PM 23033104 ER PT J AU Aaron, M Wright, S Gooch, J Harvey, R Davis, R Reilly, C AF Aaron, Michelle Wright, Steve Gooch, John Harvey, Rich Davis, Ryan Reilly, Charles TI Stability of Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) at Altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE LASIK; altitude; hypoxia; hypobaria ID REFRACTIVE CHANGES; RADIAL KERATOTOMY; SURGERY; EXPOSURE; HYPOXIA; AIRCREW; CORNEA; EYE AB AARON M, WRIGHT S, GOOCH J, HARVEY R, DAVIS R, REILLY C. Stability of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:958-61. Background: The U.S. Air Force approved laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for aircrew in May 2007. Relative to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), LASIK potentially offers a more rapid return to flight status; however, there are concerns regarding corneal stability at altitude after surgery. Studies have shown that hypoxia induces a myopic shift in LASIK eyes. Mountaineers treated with LASIK have similarly reported decreased distance acuity when climbing above 22,000 ft (6706 m). We evaluated visual and refractive stability after LASIK under conditions simulating an operational aviation mission. Methods: There were 24 eyes of 12 active duty subjects that were examined 1 or more months after LASIK. Measurements of high and low contrast visual acuity, keratometry, and refractive error were performed at ground level after a 2-h oxygen prebreathe and repeated after 30 min of exposure to conditions simulating 35,000 ft (10,668 m) using a hypobaric chamber. A within subject, repeated measures t-test was used to compare findings at altitude to ground level. Results: LASIK eyes demonstrated no clinically or statistically significant changes at altitude relative to ground level for the four parameters studied. No eyes showed more than +/- 0.25 D of change on keratometry and none had a myopic shift greater than 0.25 D. Conclusion: LASIK eyes exposed to extreme altitudes under operational conditions, where the exposure is limited to 30 min or less, are expected to remain stable. C1 [Aaron, Michelle; Wright, Steve; Gooch, John; Harvey, Rich; Davis, Ryan] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Ophthalmol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reilly, Charles] Joint Warfighter Refract Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wright, S (reprint author), USAFSAM FECO, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.wright2@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 BP 958 EP 961 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3325.2012 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 013TO UT WOS:000309329000005 PM 23066617 ER PT J AU Hundemer, GL Jersey, SL Stuart, RP Butler, WP Pilmanis, AA AF Hundemer, Gregory L. Jersey, Sean L. Stuart, Rory P. Butler, William P. Pilmanis, Andrew A. TI Altitude Decompression Sickness Incidence Among U-2 Pilots: 1994-2010 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE U-2; altitude; decompression sickness; DCS; incidence; risk mitigation; hypobaric ID EXERCISE-ENHANCED PREOXYGENATION; SYMPTOMS AB HUNDEMER GL, JERSEY SL, STUART RP, BUTLER WP, PILMANIS AA. Altitude decompression sickness incidence among U-2 pilots: 1994-2010. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:968-74. Introduction: The U-2 aircraft exposes its pilots to cabin pressures equivalent to 29,500 ft (8992 m) during flight, placing them at risk for decompression sickness (DCS). Historical data documenting DCS in the U-2 pilot community is lacking. This study assesses how rates and types of DCS have changed temporally in the U-2 flight program. Methods: We created a database of all DCS cases among U-2 pilots from 1994 through 2010. Cases were analyzed by date of occurrence and symptoms experienced. Flight data were collected to calculate DCS incidence rates. Results: From 1994-2010, there were 73 documented DCS cases in U-2 pilots. Between 1994 and 2005, the number of annual cases ranged from 0-5; between 2006 and 2010, the number of annual cases increased to 6-10. Additionally, there was a trend toward more severe (neurologic and pulmonary) cases between 2006 and 2010 with 22 cases compared to 10 cases the preceding 12 yr. The most common presentations of U-2 DCS were joint pain (59%), mainly involving large joints, and generalized neurologic symptoms (44%). From 2006-2010, there was an increase in the average annual flight hours per pilot to meet wartime operational needs that correlated temporally with the increase in number and severity of DCS cases. The DCS risk per flight was 0.076% from 1994-2005 but increased to 0.23% from 2006-2010. Conclusions: DCS remains prevalent among U-2 pilots. An increase in number and severity of cases correlated temporally with increased operational tempo of the U-2 squadron. Changes in cockpit pressurization and limiting the length and frequency of hypobaric exposure may reduce future incidence. C1 [Hundemer, Gregory L.; Jersey, Sean L.; Stuart, Rory P.; Butler, William P.; Pilmanis, Andrew A.] 9th Med Grp, Beale AFB, CA USA. RP Hundemer, GL (reprint author), 15301 Warren Shingle Rd, Beale AFB, CA 95903 USA. EM gregory.hundemer@beale.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 BP 968 EP 974 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3201.2012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 013TO UT WOS:000309329000007 PM 23066619 ER PT J AU O'Hara, RB Serres, J Traver, KL Wright, B Vojta, C Eveland, E AF O'Hara, Reginald B. Serres, Jennifer Traver, Kyle L. Wright, Bruce Vojta, Chris Eveland, Ed TI The Influence of Nontraditional Training Modalities on Physical Performance: Review of the Literature SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE (V) over dotO(2max); anaerobic power; aerobic training; resistance training ID ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE; CONCURRENT STRENGTH; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; CEREBELLAR CORTEX; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; DETERMINANTS; ADAPTATIONS; RAT AB O'HARA RB, SERRES J, TRAVER KL, WRIGHT B, VOJTA C, EVELAND E. The influence of nontraditional training modalities on physical performance: review of the literature. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:985-90. The primary purpose of this effort was to review several forms of nontraditional (NT) training programs, including heavy lower extremity strength training, Cross Fit training, kettlebell training, and agility training, and discuss the effects of these exercise regimens on physical performance. The secondary purpose was to evaluate NT fitness training programs for evidence that they may provide beneficial options to help airmen improve their fitness scores. A search of the literature for 1980-2010 was performed using the Franzello Aeromedical Library, Public Medicine, and Air Force Institute of Technology search engines. There were 50 articles located and the authors selected 29 articles that specifically addressed the primary and secondary purposes of this literature review. This review indicates that an NT training approach is warranted in the general Air Force population. Heavy leg strength training and agility training show promise in enhancing aerobic fitness and improving fitness scores, particularly among members who have difficulty passing a physical fitness test. Most of the nontraditional forms of physical training are not supported in the scientific literature, with the exception of heavy leg strength training and agility training. However, even these NT forms of training require further investigation. C1 [O'Hara, Reginald B.; Serres, Jennifer; Traver, Kyle L.; Wright, Bruce; Vojta, Chris; Eveland, Ed] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Aeromed Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Hara, RB (reprint author), POB 33505, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM reginald.ohara@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 49 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 BP 985 EP 990 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3376.2012 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 013TO UT WOS:000309329000009 PM 23066621 ER PT J AU Bier, S Hermstad, E Trollman, C Holt, M AF Bier, Scott Hermstad, Erik Trollman, Christopher Holt, Melinda TI Education and Experience of Army Flight Medics in Iraq and Afghanistan SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; emergency medical services; air ambulances AB BIER S, HERMSTAD E, TROLLMAN C, HOLT M. Education and experience of Army flight medics in Iraq and Afghanistan. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:991-4. Objective: Adequate training levels and an appropriate amount of continuing education for Army flight medics (AFM) is a highly contested topic. We sought to obtain a cross-section of the education, experience, and time spent by flight medics on patient care before and in between deployments. We also sought the opinions of AFM regarding training, transport stalling, and medical oversight. Methods: This was a prospective survey study administered electronically via SurveyMonkey.com to AFM deployed or recently deployed. This study was conducted under a protocol reviewed and approved by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Institutional Review Board, and in accordance with the approved protocol. Results: Of the 53 AFM that participated, 57% stated they spend less than 10 h/mo on patient care and 28% reported getting no exposure to patients at all when not deployed. A majority (85%) felt that training to the paramedic level was optimal for their mission. Regarding time between deployments, 77% disagreed that they spent enough time on patient care and 96% agreed they would benefit from medical rotations. Almost half agreed they had been in situations while deployed they felt unprepared for medically. Discussion: Results from this study seem to indicate AFM feel their training and patient contact is too limited prior to and in between deployments. These findings support a need for the reassessment of initial and ongoing training standards for AFM in order to best take care of our sick and wounded service members. C1 [Bier, Scott; Hermstad, Erik; Trollman, Christopher; Holt, Melinda] US Cent Command, Macdill AFB, FL USA. RP Bier, S (reprint author), US Cent Command, Macdill AFB, FL USA. EM scottbier@aol.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 BP 991 EP 994 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3250.2012 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 013TO UT WOS:000309329000010 PM 23066622 ER PT J AU Pochet, M Locke, T Usechak, NG AF Pochet, Michael Locke, Timothy Usechak, N. G. TI Generation and Modulation of a Millimeter-Wave Subcarrier on an Optical Frequency Generated via Optical Injection SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Microwave photonics; semiconductor lasers ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER SUBJECT; PERIOD-ONE OSCILLATION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SIGNAL GENERATION; TRANSMISSION; HETERODYNE; BEHAVIOR; DIODES AB A highly tunable millimeter-wave subcarrier signal is generated by optically injecting a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser. The optically injected light, which enables microwave subcarrier frequencies well beyond the injected laser's free-running relaxation-oscillation frequency, is then on-off keyed by direct-current (dc) modulation of the injected slave laser. Adjustment of the subcarrier frequency is easily accomplished by changing either the dc bias current and/or junction temperature of the injected slave or the injecting master laser. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the purity of the modulated microwave subcarrier. The generated microwave signal was then transmitted over 50 km of single-mode fiber, demonstrating the applicability of a directly modulated slave laser optically injected into the period-one state for radio-over-fiber applications. C1 [Pochet, Michael; Locke, Timothy] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Usechak, N. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.pochet@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received August 17, 2012; revised September 11, 2012; accepted September 11, 2012. Date of current version September 27, 2012. The work of N. Usechak was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Corresponding author: M. Pochet (e-mail: michael.pochet@afit.edu). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1881 EP 1891 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2219042 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 017OP UT WOS:000309600100001 ER PT J AU Meola, J Eismann, MT Moses, RL Ash, JN AF Meola, Joseph Eismann, Michael T. Moses, Randolph L. Ash, Joshua N. TI Application of Model-Based Change Detection to Airborne VNIR/SWIR Hyperspectral Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Change detection; hyperspectral; hypothesis testing; image analysis; optimization; physical model ID HYDICE SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE AB Hyperspectral change detection (HSCD) provides an avenue for detecting subtle targets in complex backgrounds. Complicating the problem of change detection is the presence of shadow, illumination, and atmospheric differences, as well as misregistration and parallax error, which often produce the appearance of change. Recent development of a model-based (MB) approach to HSCD has demonstrated potential improvement for mitigating false alarms due specifically to shadow differences using calibrated data. Further development and application of the MB approach is provided here. The method is extended for use on both uncalibrated and relatively calibrated hyperspectral data and is applied to airborne hyperspectral imagery collected using the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment visible to short-wave infrared sensor and uncalibrated tower imagery collected by the Air Force Research Laboratory. C1 [Meola, Joseph; Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Multispectral Sensing Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moses, Randolph L.; Ash, Joshua N.] Ohio State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), USAF, Multispectral Sensing Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.meola@wpafb.af.mil; michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil; moses.2@osu.edu; ashj@ece.osu.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 10 BP 3693 EP 3706 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2186305 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 014FV UT WOS:000309361500006 ER PT J AU Stone, BR Heimbuch, BK Wu, CY Wander, JD AF Stone, B. R. Heimbuch, B. K. Wu, C. -Y. Wander, J. D. TI Design, construction and validation of a nose-only inhalation exposure system to measure infectivity of filtered bioaerosols in mice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobials; infection; polymerase chain reaction; viruses ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; AEROSOL TRANSMISSION; INFLUENZA-A; HUMAN-BEINGS; AIR FILTERS; EFFICIENCY; EFFICACY; DISEASE; EQUIPMENT; DEMAND AB Aims The aim of this project was to validate a method to deliver a reproducible, selected dose of infective bioaerosol through a respiratory protective technology to an animal that exhibits a proportional clinical response. Methods and Results The Controlled Aerosol Test System (CATS) was designed to generate and condition a viable infective aerosol, pass it through a treatment technology and thence to the breathing zone of a mouse constrained in a Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure System (NOIES). A scanning mobility particle sizer and impingers at sampling ports were used to show that viability is preserved and particle size distribution (PSD) is acceptably uniform throughout the open CATS, including the 12 ports of the NOIES, and that a particle filter used caused the expected attenuation of particle counts. Conclusions Controlled Aerosol Test System delivers uniformly to mice constrained in the NOIES a selectable dose of viral bioaerosol whose PSD and viable counts remain consistent for an hour. Significance and Impact of the Study This study's characterization of CATS provides a new test system in which a susceptible small-animal model can be used as the detector in a quantitative method to evaluate the ability of respiratory protective technologies to attenuate the infectivity of an inspired pathogenic aerosol. This provides a major improvement over the use of viable bioaerosol collectors (e.g. impactors and impingers), which provide data that are difficult to relate to the attenuation of pathogenicity. C1 [Wander, J. D.] USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Stone, B. R.; Heimbuch, B. K.] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL USA. [Stone, B. R.; Wu, C. -Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Joe.wander@tyndall.af.mil NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 113 IS 4 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05403.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003XL UT WOS:000308644600004 PM 22817383 ER PT J AU McDonald, RS Sambol, AR Heimbuch, BK Brown, TL Hinrichs, SH Wander, JD AF McDonald, R. S. Sambol, A. R. Heimbuch, B. K. Brown, T. L. Hinrichs, S. H. Wander, J. D. TI Proportional mouse model for aerosol infection by influenza SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; H1N1; infection; influenza; inhalation; mouse; respiratory protection ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; VIRUS-INFECTION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN-BEINGS; A H1N1; MICE; TRANSMISSION; FERRETS; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE AB Aims The aim of this study was to demonstrate a prototype tool for measuring infectivity of an aerosolized human pathogen influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus using a small-animal model in the Controlled Aerosol Test System (CATS). Methods and Results Intranasal inoculation of nonadapted H1N1 virus into C57BL, BALB/c and CD-1 mice caused infection in all three species. Respiratory exposure of CD-1 mice to the aerosolized virus at graduated doses was accomplished in a modified rodent exposure apparatus. Weight change was recorded for 7 days postexposure, and viral populations in lung tissue homogenates were measured post mortem by DNA amplification (qRT-PCR), direct fluorescence and microscopic evaluation of cytopathic effect. Plots of weight change and of PCR cycle threshold vs delivered dose were linear to threshold doses of 40 TCID50 and 12 TCID50, respectively. Conclusions MID50 for inspired H1N1 aerosols in CD-1 mice is between 12 and 40 TCID50; proportionality to dose of weight loss and viral populations makes the CD-1 mouse a useful model for measuring infectivity by inhalation. Significance and Impact of the Study In the CATS, this mousevirus model provides the first quantitative method to evaluate the ability of respiratory protective technologies to attenuate the infectivity of an inspired pathogenic aerosol. C1 [Wander, J. D.] USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [McDonald, R. S.; Heimbuch, B. K.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Sambol, A. R.; Brown, T. L.; Hinrichs, S. H.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Sci Branch, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joseph.wander@us.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [FA8650-07-C-5911] FX Pilgrim's Pride Farms (Live Oak, FL) donated 100 embryonic eggs from stock-breeding hens, of which 80 were used for virus propagation and 20 served as controls. This work was supported in part by contract no. FA8650-07-C-5911, funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Protocols for animal use were approved by the University of Nebraska Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and all active participants received all required training prior to the acquisition of mice. Disclaimer - publication of this work does not indicate endorsement or approval of this work by the Department of Defence. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 113 IS 4 BP 767 EP 778 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05402.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003XL UT WOS:000308644600005 PM 22809111 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Vargas, TE Pitotti, RL Bebarta, VS AF Varney, Shawn M. Vargas, Toni E. Pitotti, Rebecca L. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Reasons Military Patients With Primary Care Access Leave an Emergency Department Waiting Room Before Seeing a Provider SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE emergency department; leave without being seen; primary care access; wait times ID PUBLIC HOSPITAL EMERGENCY; CONSEQUENCES; SATISFACTION; PHYSICIAN; QUALITY; ACUITY; TRIAGE; TIMES AB Objectives: Our objective was to assess patients' understanding of emergency department (ED) wait times and why patients may leave the waiting room before seeing a provider. Methods: Survey of patients in the ED waiting room of an urban tertiary care military hospital where civilian and military patients are treated. Results: A total of 508/517 surveys (98%) were completed. Age ranges were 18 to 35 years (49%), 36 to 60 (31%), or older than 60 (20%). Education levels were high school (20%), some college (37%), or college graduate (39%). Of 503 respondents, 125 (25%) had left an ED waiting room before seeing a provider. The reasons included excessive wait times (91%) and family responsibilities (5%). Five hundred eight reported the factors that would motivate them to wait to see the physician (not leave without being seen [LWOBS]) were the severity of illness (64%), and if they received an update of wait times (26%); 82% (391/480) understood that severely ill patients were seen first. Patients attributed long wait times to doctors and nurses caring for other patients (292/583, 50%) and insufficient physician and nurse staffing (245, 42%). Of 802 responses for ideas to improve the wait, 34% said regular updates on estimated wait times, 21% said television shows or movies to view, 20% said books and magazines to read, and 11% said computers to access. Conclusions: Long wait times were the primary reason that patients left before seeing a provider, despite having ready access to care. Respondents attributed long wait times to patient volume and inadequate staffing. Regular updates on wait times and material for entertainment may improve the waiting experience and reduce LWOBS. C1 [Varney, Shawn M.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Varney, SM (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM smvarney@gmail.com RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 105 IS 10 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318268cd18 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 018JK UT WOS:000309656100010 PM 23038485 ER PT J AU Masters, JS Karman, SL AF Masters, James S. Karman, Steve L., Jr. TI Manipulating Boundaries and Viscous Regions of Unstructured Meshes Using Winslow's Equations SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Winslow elliptic smoothing equations have been shown to be effective for smoothing both structured and unstructured meshes. Previous work has shown that it is not necessary for the computational space of an unstructured mesh to be constructed as an overarching system but that each node in computational space can be treated as having an individual virtual control volume. Using virtual control volumes, the Winslow equations have been shown to be ideal for smoothing nonboundary nodes in inviscid regions but of limited use in other situations. Modifications to the implementation of virtual control volumes are presented that allow the Winslow equations to be applied to regions to which they would otherwise not be well suited. By introducing ghost points to complete the computational space stencil for boundary points, the Winslow equations can be applied to boundary nodes, which traditionally have been held static, whereas interior mesh points are smoothed. By modifying the computational space virtual control volumes such that the central node is offset from the center of its isotropic position, the Winslow equations can be applied to highly anisotropic viscous regions of unstructured meshes. C1 [Masters, James S.] Arnold AFB, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Integrated Test & Evaluat Branch, Nashville, TN 37389 USA. [Karman, Steve L., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Computat Engn, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Masters, JS (reprint author), Arnold AFB, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Integrated Test & Evaluat Branch, Nashville, TN 37389 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2080 EP 2090 DI 10.2514/I.J051276 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 013KY UT WOS:000309305500006 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL MacCuspie, RI Stone, MO Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Chavez, Jorge L. MacCuspie, Robert I. Stone, Morley O. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Colorimetric detection with aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates: effect of aptamer length on response SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Aptamer; Riboflavin detection; Colorimetric; Nanoparticles stability; Aggregation kinetics ID SURFACE INTERACTIONS; RNA LIGANDS; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOFLAVIN; MICROARRAYS; STABILITY; MOLECULES; ADENOSINE; SELECTION AB A riboflavin binding aptamer (RBA) was used in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect riboflavin in vitro. The RBA-AuNP conjugates (RBA-AuNPs) responded colorimetrically to the presence of riboflavin and this response could be followed by the naked eye. This system was used as a model to study how modifications on the aptamer sequence affect the RBA-AuNPs' stability and their response to their target. To mimic primers and other sequence modifications typically used in aptamer work, the RBA was extended by adding extra bases to its 5' end. These extra bases were designed to avoid interactions with the RBA binding site. The response of these RBA-AuNPs was evaluated and compared. Dynamic light scattering and UV-aggregation kinetics studies showed that the length of the aptamer significantly affected the RBA-AuNPs' stability and, as a consequence, the magnitude of the detection response to riboflavin. The addition of thymine nucleotides instead of random tails to the RBA showed that the effects observed were not specific to the sequence used. This study shows that modifications of the aptamer sequence provide a means to improve the stability of aptamer-AuNPs conjugates and their sensing response. C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Stone, Morley O.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nancy.Kelley-Loughnane@wpafb.af.mil OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office FX This work was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office). JLC participation was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. and the Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 100 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 AR 1166 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-1166-0 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 013YD UT WOS:000309341200030 ER PT J AU Marchand, R McDevitt, T Triggiani, R AF Marchand, R. McDevitt, T. Triggiani, R. TI An abstract semigroup approach to the third-order Moore-Gibson-Thompson partial differential equation arising in high-intensity ultrasound: structural decomposition, spectral analysis, exponential stability SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE third order PDE equation; semigroup approach; spectral analysis; exponential stability ID DIRICHLET BOUNDARY FEEDBACK; PERIODIC STABILIZATION; HYPERBOLIC-EQUATIONS; POSITION VECTOR; REGULARITY; SYSTEMS AB This paper considers an abstract third-order equation in a Hilbert space that is motivated by, and ultimately directed to, the concrete MooreGibsonThompson Equation arising in high-intensity ultrasound. In its simplest form, with certain specific values of the parameters, this third-order abstract equation (with unbounded free dynamical operator) is not well-posed. In general, however, in the present physical model, a suitable change of variable permits one to show that it has a special structural decomposition, with a precise, hyperbolic-dominated driving part. From this, various attractive dynamical properties follow: s.c. group generation; a refined spectral analysis to include a specifically identified point in the continuous spectrum of the generator (so that it does not have compact resolvent) as an accumulation point of eigenvalues; and a consequent theoretically precise exponential decay with the same decay rate in various function spaces. In particular, the latter is explicit and sharp up to a finite number of (stable) eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. A computer-based analysis confirms the theoretical spectral analysis findings. Moreover, it shows that the dynamic behavior of these unaccounted for finite-dimensional eigenvalues are the ones that ultimately may dictate the rate of exponential decay, and which can be estimated with arbitrarily preassigned accuracy. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Triggiani, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Math, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Triggiani, R.] KFUPM, Dept Math & Stat, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. [Marchand, R.] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Marchand, R.] Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Math, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. [McDevitt, T.] Elizabethtown Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Elizabethtown, PA USA. RP Triggiani, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Math, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM rt7u@virginia.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0104305]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-09-1-0459] FX Research by R. T. was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0104305 and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA 9550-09-1-0459. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 35 IS 15 SI SI BP 1896 EP 1929 DI 10.1002/mma.1576 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 012JI UT WOS:000309232000010 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Cliver, EW Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF AF Kahler, S. W. Cliver, E. W. Tylka, A. J. Dietrich, W. F. TI A Comparison of Ground Level Event e/p and Fe/O Ratios with Associated Solar Flare and CME Characteristics SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Acceleration of particles; Interplanetary medium; Sun: particle emission; Sun: radio radiation; Sun: coronal mass ejections ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; IONIC CHARGE STATES; II RADIO-BURSTS; X-RAY; RELATIVISTIC PROTONS; RELEASE TIMES; CURRENT SHEET; HIGH-ENERGIES; ABUNDANCES AB Solar energetic particle (SEP) events reaching rigidities > 1 GV are observed at 1 AU as ground-level events (GLEs). They are considered to be extreme cases of gradual SEP events, produced by shocks driven by wide and fast CMEs that are usually associated with long-duration (> 1 hour) soft X-ray (SXR) flares. However, some large gradual SEP events, including GLEs, are associated with flares of short-duration (< 1 hour) timescales comparable to those of flares seen with impulsive, low-energy SEP events with enhanced charge states, heavy-element abundances, and e/p ratios. The association of some GLEs with short-duration SXR events challenges us to understand the GLE event-to-event variation with SXR durations and whether it truly reflects the nature of the particle acceleration processes or simply the characteristics of the solar regions from which large, fast CMEs arise. We examine statistically the associated flare, active region (AR), and CME characteristics of similar to 40 GLEs observed since 1976 to determine how the GLE e/p and Fe/O ratios, each measured in two energy ranges, depend on those characteristics. The abundance ratios trend weakly to lower, more coronal, and less scattered values with increasing flare timescales, thermal and nonthermal peak fluxes, and measures of source AR sizes. These results and the wide range of solar longitude connections for GLEs with high abundance ratios argue against a significant role for flare effects in the GLEs. We suggest that GLE SEPs are accelerated predominately in CME-driven shocks and that a coupling of flare size and timescales with CME properties could explain the SEP abundance correlations with flare properties. C1 [Kahler, S. W.; Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Tylka, A. J.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dietrich, W. F.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU NASA DPR [NNG06EC551]; Office of Naval Research; AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX A.J.T. and W.F.D. were supported by NASA DPR NNG06EC551. A.J.T. was also supported by the Office of Naval Research, and S.W.K. and E.W.C. were funded by AFOSR task 2301RDZ4. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11214-011-9768-x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 014CJ UT WOS:000309352400007 ER PT J AU Shea, MA Smart, DF AF Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. TI Space Weather and the Ground-Level Solar Proton Events of the 23rd Solar Cycle SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Space weather; GLEs; Ground-level cosmic ray events; Solar protons ID COSMIC-RADIATION EXPOSURE; PARTICLE EVENT; AIRCRAFT ALTITUDES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; CARRINGTON EVENT; FEBRUARY 1956; JANUARY 2005; RAYS; FLARE; MODEL AB Solar proton events can adversely affect space and ground-based systems. Ground-level events are a subset of solar proton events that have a harder spectrum than average solar proton events and are detectable on Earth's surface by cosmic radiation ionization chambers, muon detectors, and neutron monitors. This paper summarizes the space weather effects associated with ground-level solar proton events during the 23rd solar cycle. These effects include communication and navigation systems, spacecraft electronics and operations, space power systems, manned space missions, and commercial aircraft operations. The major effect of ground-level events that affect manned spacecraft operations is increased radiation exposure. The primary effect on commercial aircraft operations is the loss of high frequency communication and, at extreme polar latitudes, an increase in the radiation exposure above that experienced from the background galactic cosmic radiation. Calculations of the maximum potential aircraft polar route exposure for each ground-level event of the 23rd solar cycle are presented. The space weather effects in October and November 2003 are highlighted together with on-going efforts to utilize cosmic ray neutron monitors to predict high energy solar proton events, thus providing an alert so that system operators can possibly make adjustments to vulnerable spacecraft operations and polar aircraft routes. C1 [Shea, M. A.; Smart, D. F.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), 100 Tennyson Ave, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com; donsmart100@msn.com FU United States National Science Foundation [ANT-0739620, ANT-0838839] FX The authors thank Kyle Copeland and Wallace Friedberg of the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, for providing the radiation dose calculations in Table 4. We thank Professor Tsvetan Dachev for Figs. 6 and 7. Comments from C. S. Dyer and Nariaki Nitta as well as the two reviewers were very helpful. The neutron monitor data were provided by many groups. In particular we acknowledge the data provided by Professor Harm Moraal and data from the neutron monitors operated by the Bartol Research Institute. The Bartol neutron monitors are supported by the United States National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0739620 and ANT-0838839. NR 129 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9923-z PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 014CJ UT WOS:000309352400009 ER PT J AU Pilloud, MA Hillson, S AF Pilloud, Marin A. Hillson, Simon TI Brief communication: The use of alternative dental measurements on deciduous teeth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical metrics; crown metrics; correlation; principal components; observer error ID SOUTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; TOOTH SIZE; EUROPEAN-AMERICAN; METRICS; DIMENSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; PERMANENT; ASYMMETRY; DENTITION AB The present study investigates the utility of cervical measurements in deciduous teeth and how they correlate with traditional measurements of the crown. First, this study establishes definitions by which these measurements could reliably be taken. Next, deciduous cervical and traditional crown diameters were taken on three distinct skeletal samples: a Neolithic assemblage from Central Anatolia (Catalhoyuk, n = 85), a precontact sample from Northern California (CA-ALA-329, n = 34), and a group of intrusive burials interred at Catalhoyuk that date between AD 60 and 1650 (n = 38). Across the dentition there are positive correlations between crown and cervical measurements, which tend to be higher in anterior teeth than in posterior teeth. Both measurements show low correlations with age; however, cervical measurements show fewer negative correlations with age. An intraobserver error study found low levels of error for both types of measurements. On a subset of the Catalhoyuk sample (n = 9), a principal components and biological distance analysis were conducted comparing the two types of measurements. Also, all three samples were subject to a canonical discriminant function analysis and the results from cervical and crown measurements were compared. All analyses produced slightly different results for each type of data suggesting that crown and cervical measurements capture different aspects of tooth shape. While cervical and crown measurements provide different statistical results, cervical measurements can provide information relevant to anthropological studies and may allow for larger datasets to be used by allowing the inclusion of teeth with modified crowns. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:299306, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Pilloud, Marin A.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Hillson, Simon] UCL, Inst Archaeol, London WC1H OPY, England. RP Pilloud, MA (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM marin.pilloud@jpac.pacom.mil FU Ohio State University; American Research Institute in Turkey FX Grant sponsor: The Ohio State University and American Research Institute in Turkey. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 149 IS 2 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1002/ajpa.22116 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 007HJ UT WOS:000308879100016 PM 22791511 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Ward, L Iarve, E Putthanarat, S Hoos, K Hallett, SR Li, XQ AF Mollenhauer, David Ward, Logan Iarve, Endel Putthanarat, Sirina Hoos, Kevin Hallett, Stephen R. Li, Xiangqian TI Simulation of discrete damage in composite Overheight Compact Tension specimens SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber; Laminates; Fracture; Computational modeling ID OPEN HOLES; MODEL; DELAMINATION; STRENGTH; FAILURE; PREDICTION; MECHANICS; CRACKS AB Damage progression in laminated Overheight Compact Tension specimens was modeled using discrete representations of individual cracks and delaminations. Matrix cracking and delamination initiation, propagation, and interaction, without any prior knowledge and/or meshing of matrix cracking surfaces, is accomplished by combining stress and fracture mechanics-based constitutive modeling within a mesh independent crack-modeling framework. Simulation results including only matrix damage for specimens with [45(2)/90(2)/-45(2)/0(2)](s) and [0(4)/90(4)](2s) stacking sequences were compared with load-displacement curves and 3D X-ray micro computed tomography results from tested specimens. Excellent correlation was shown between the simulated and experimental load-displacement curves including statistical variations and proper representation of both the curve non-linearity and peak load. Similarly, a high level of correlation between simulated and experimental damage extent was shown. Additionally, a [45/90/-45/0](2s) specimen exhibiting significant fiber fracture was modeled and results compared with experiment. Fiber fracture was simulated using a continuum damage mechanics approach in addition to the discrete cracking and delamination damage representations of matrix damage. The simulated load displacement curve and damage extent compared favorably with experimental results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mollenhauer, David; Ward, Logan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iarve, Endel; Putthanarat, Sirina; Hoos, Kevin] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hallett, Stephen R.; Li, Xiangqian] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.mollenhauer@wpafb.af.mil RI Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011; OI Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323; Ward, Logan/0000-0002-1323-5939 FU NASA AAD-2 [NNX08AB05A-G]; AFRL [FA8650-05-D-5052]; University of Dayton Research Institute FX The work was funded under NASA AAD-2 Contract Number NNX08AB05A-G and partially by AFRL Contract FA8650-05-D-5052 with the University of Dayton Research Institute. Many thanks go to Dr. Cheryl Rose and Dr. Carlos Davila of NASA LaRC for collaboration and advice. The authors also wish to acknowledge their collaboration with Anoush Poursartip, Reza Vaziri, and Navid Zobeiry at the University of British Columbia in conducting the OCT experimental testing. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43 IS 10 SI SI BP 1667 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.10.020 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 011GJ UT WOS:000309152700005 ER PT J AU Martin, RK King, AS Pennington, JR Thomas, RW Lenahan, R Lawyer, C AF Martin, Richard K. King, Amanda Sue Pennington, Jason R. Thomas, Ryan W. Lenahan, Russell Lawyer, Cody TI Modeling and Mitigating Noise and Nuisance Parameters in Received Signal Strength Positioning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Noise floor; nuisance parameters; received signal strength; source localization ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; LOCATION ESTIMATION; RELATIVE LOCATION; ACCURACY AB Localization via received signal strength (RSS) is often employed in cases where the received signal is fairly weak, either due to distance or due to deliberate covert operation or interference avoidance. However, most research on source localization via RSS implicitly assumes that the background noise is negligible, and that parameters of the transmitter and environment are known. Many commercial chipsets provide per-frame RSS measurements obtained when demodulating the signal, which do not include background noise; however, noise can still cause signal outages. In law enforcement, surveillance, and emergency situations, RSS may be obtained more crudely, such as by energy detection, in which case the RSS will include contributions from the background noise as well. This paper proposes new probabilistic RSS models that account for background noise in both types of RSS measurements. We also derive and evaluate maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for these new models, as well as for differential RSS, which has hitherto not been rigorously analyzed in the literature. Several of these MLEs are extended to estimate the transmit power and/or path loss if they are unknown. The new models are justified by extensive measured data. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; King, Amanda Sue; Pennington, Jason R.; Thomas, Ryan W.; Lenahan, Russell; Lawyer, Cody] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; kingersue@gmail.com; jason.pennington@afit.edu; thomasrw@gmail.com; codylawyer@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research FX The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Hing Cheung So. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. A portion of this paper appeared in the Proceeding of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, May 2011. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 IS 10 BP 5451 EP 5463 DI 10.1109/TSP.2012.2207118 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 008NI UT WOS:000308963300035 ER PT J AU Wertz, J Letcher, T Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Wertz, John Letcher, Todd Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles TI An Energy-Based Axial Isothermal-Mechanical Fatigue Lifing Method SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An energy-based fatigue lifing method for the determination of the full-life and criticallife of in-service structures subjected to axial isothermal-mechanical fatigue (IMF) has been developed. The foundation of this procedure is the energy-based axial room-temperature lifing model, which states: the total strain energy dissipated during both a quasi-static process and a dynamic (fatigue) process is the same material property. The axial IMF lifing framework is composed of the following entities: (1) the development of an axial IMF testing capability; (2) the creation of a testing procedure capable of assessing the strain energy dissipated during both a quasi-static process and a dynamic process at elevated temperatures; and (3) the incorporation of the effect of thermal loading into the axial fatigue lifing model. Both an axial IMF capability and a detailed testing procedure were created. The axial IMF capability was employed to produce full-life and critical-life predictions as functions of temperature, which were shown to have an excellent correlation with experimental fatigue data. For the highest operating temperature, the axial IMF full-life prediction was compared to lifing predictions made by both the universal slopes and the uniform material law prediction and was found to be more accurate at an elevated temperature. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007121] C1 [Wertz, John; Letcher, Todd; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI) FX The authors would like to thank the Dayton Area Graduate Student Institute (DAGSI) for their financial support of these endeavors. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), specifically, the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) laboratory, facility, and equipment access, and encouragement of this research. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2012 VL 134 IS 10 AR 102502 DI 10.1115/1.4007121 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 005CB UT WOS:000308726900010 ER PT J AU Sinha, V Larsen, JM AF Sinha, V. Larsen, J. M. TI Vacuum Levels Needed to Simulate Internal Fatigue Crack Growth in Titanium Alloys and Nickel-Base Superalloys: Thermodynamic Considerations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS; P/M SUPER-ALLOYS; DWELL-FATIGUE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; INITIATION PROCESS; FRACTURE FACETS; TI-6242 ALLOY; ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION AB Prior studies have examined fatigue growth of surface cracks in vacuum to simulate subsurface growth in Ti alloys and Ni-base superalloys. Even with the highest vacuum level attained using "state-of-the-art" pumps, it is unclear if conditions of internal crack growth are truly simulated. We consider thermodynamics of the oxidation process to help answer this question. This consideration helps explain a previously reported anomalous behavior of longer life in air than in vacuum under certain material/test conditions. C1 [Sinha, V.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sinha, V.; Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sinha, V (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM vikas.sinha@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Structural Mechanics Program [2302DR1P] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Structural Mechanics Program (Program Manager: Dr. David Stargel, Project No. 2302DR1P). One of the authors (VS) thanks Drs. A.H. Rosenberger and J.R. Jira (both at AFRL/RXLM) for useful technical discussions on fatigue crack growth experiments with electric potential-drop and compliance methods. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43A IS 10 BP 3433 EP 3441 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1216-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 997ST UT WOS:000308187100004 ER PT J AU Sargent, GA Kinsel, KT Pilchak, AL Salem, AA Semiatin, SL AF Sargent, G. A. Kinsel, K. T. Pilchak, A. L. Salem, A. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Variant Selection During Cooling after Beta Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Ingot Material SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hume-Rothery Symposium on Thermodynamics and Diffusion Coupling in Alloys-Application Driven Science CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA ID TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; MEASURED EBSD DATA; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; GRAIN-GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; ORIENTATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFRACTION AB The selection of alpha variants during the cooling of Ti-6Al-4V from the beta-phase field was investigated. For this purpose, samples with a coarse, columnar beta-grain structure with a aOE (c) 100 > fiber texture were extracted from an as-cast production-scale ingot. The alpha variants in the as-cast samples as well as those produced during several successive beta-annealing treatments were determined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD results indicated that a subset of the 12 possible variants was developed within each grain; the specific variants were a function of the cooling rate after beta heat treatment. Moreover, the generation of similar variants during successive heat treatments involving an identical cooling rate suggested a noticeable memory effect. The variant selection process was rationalized based on calculations of the strain associated with the beta-to-alpha transformation. These calculations revealed that the overall aggregate strain approached zero in both the as-cast condition as well as after beta heat treatment, suggesting the occurrence of a long-range self-accommodation mechanism. C1 [Sargent, G. A.] UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kinsel, K. T.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salem, A. A.] Mat Resources LLC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Sargent, GA (reprint author), UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gordon.Sargent.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Kinsel, Kacey/C-7485-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Air Force [FA8650-04-D-5235, FA8650-09-2-5800] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management is gratefully acknowledged. Two authors were supported under Air Force contracts FA8650-04-D-5235 (G.A.S.) and FA8650-09-2-5800 (K.T.K.). Technical discussions with M.G. Glavicic (Rolls-Royce, Indianapolis, IN) are also greatly appreciated. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43A IS 10 BP 3570 EP 3585 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1245-y PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 997ST UT WOS:000308187100020 ER PT J AU Sheng, Q Guha, S Gonzalez, LP AF Sheng, Qin Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leonel P. TI A short note on the asymptotic stability of an oscillation-free eikonal splitting method SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Highly oscillatory waves; Eikonal approximation; Splitting method; Finite difference equations; Asymptotic stability AB Different beam propagation methods (BPMs) have been fundamental in modern electromagnetical wave simulations. Challenges of the numerical strategy include the computational efficiency and stability, in particular when highly oscillatory optical waves are present. This paper concerns an eikonal splitting BPM scheme for two-dimensional paraxial Helmholtz equations together with transparent boundary conditions in slowly varying envelope approximations of active laser beams. It is shown that the finite difference method investigated is not only oscillation-free, but also asymptotically stable. This ensures the high efficiency and applicability in highly oscillatory wave applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sheng, Q (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM qin_sheng@baylor.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F-5400-04-06-SC01-00]; General Dynamics Information Technology FX The first author would like to thank the US Air Force Research Laboratory for its generous support and encouragement throughout this study. This study is supported in part by a research grant (No. F-5400-04-06-SC01-00) from the Air Force Research Laboratory and General Dynamics Information Technology. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1539 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/j.aml.2012.01.011 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 980CY UT WOS:000306872400056 ER PT J AU Wei, J Murray, JM Barnes, J Gonzalez, LP Guha, S AF Wei, Jean Murray, Joel M. Barnes, Jacob Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar TI Determination of the Temperature Dependence of the Band Gap Energy of Semiconductors from Transmission Spectra SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 04-06, 2011 CL Chicago, IL DE Band gap energy; transmission spectra; thermooptic coefficient; III-V semiconductors (InAs, InP, GaAs, GaP, InxGa1-xAs, and InAs1-yPy); II-VI semiconductors (ZnSe, CdTe) ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION; INP AB A method to determine the temperature dependence of the band gap energy, E (g)(T), of semiconductors from their measured transmission spectra is described. A relationship between the band gap energy and the energy corresponding to the peak of the spectral derivative is found for InAs and validated for III-V and II-VI binary semiconductors (InAs, InP, GaAs, GaP, ZnSe, and CdTe). Band gap energies obtained using this method are within 1% of previously published results over a temperature range of 80 K to 650 K. The same method was also applied to two bulk ternary semiconductor alloys (In (x) Ga1-x As and InAs1-y P (y) ) for several compositions. Predicted results compared well with thin-film measurements available in the literature. A separate technique for determining E (g) is also reported, using thickness-dependent transmission spectra. Finally, the thermooptic coefficient (dn/dT) is determined using the derivative of the band gap energy with respect to temperature (dE (g)/dT) and is compared with direct experimental measured results. C1 [Wei, Jean; Murray, Joel M.; Barnes, Jacob] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), UES, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM jwei@UES.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2857 EP 2866 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2055-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 004BQ UT WOS:000308655500031 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Brown, GJ Xi, H AF Ullrich, B. Brown, G. J. Xi, H. TI Semiconductor band gap localization via Gaussian function SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASB; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION AB To determine the band gap of bulk semiconductors with transmission spectroscopy alone is considered as an extremely difficult task because in the higher energy range, approaching and exceeding the band gap energy, the material is opaque yielding no useful data to be recorded. In this paper, by investigating the transmission of industrial GaSb wafers with a thickness of 500 mu m, we demonstrate how these obstacles of transmission spectroscopy can be overcome. The key is the transmission spectrums' derivative, which coincides with the Gaussian function. This understanding can be used to transfer Beers' law in an integral form opening the pathway of band gap determinations based on mathematical parameters only. The work also emphasizes the correlation between the thermal band gap variation and Debye temperature. C1 [Ullrich, B.] Ullrich Photon LLC, Wayne, OH 43466 USA. [Ullrich, B.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Xi, H.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Ullrich Photon LLC, Wayne, OH 43466 USA. EM bruno.ullrich@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 10 AR 105016 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/27/10/105016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 010RM UT WOS:000309111800018 ER PT J AU Lavigne, JE McCarthy, M Chapman, R Petrilla, A Knox, KL AF Lavigne, Jill E. McCarthy, Michael Chapman, Richard Petrilla, Allison Knox, Kerry L. TI Exposure to Prescription Drugs Labeled for Risk of Adverse Effects of Suicidal Behavior or Ideation among 100 Air Force Personnel who Died by Suicide, 2006-2009 SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; METAANALYSIS; INDIVIDUALS; DEPRESSION; DISORDER; SWEDEN; ADULTS AB Prescription drugs for many indications are labeled with warnings for potential risk of suicidal ideation or behavior. Exposures to prescription drugs labeled for adverse effects of suicidal behavior or ideation among 100 Air Force personnel who died by suicide between 2006 and 2009 are described. Air Force registry data were linked to administrative prescription data. Descriptive statistics illustrate utilization: 89 personnel had a prescription history, 35 filled at least one prescription labeled with a warning, 26 had antidepressants on hand at death, and 2 died by drug overdose. Most airmen were not exposed to any prescriptions labeled for risk of suicidal ideation or behavior prior to death by suicide. C1 [Lavigne, Jill E.] St John Fisher Coll, Wegmans Sch Pharm, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. [McCarthy, Michael] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Chapman, Richard; Petrilla, Allison] IMS Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Knox, Kerry L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY USA. RP Lavigne, JE (reprint author), St John Fisher Coll, Wegmans Sch Pharm, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. EM jlavigne@sjfc.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00112.x PG 6 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 007ZQ UT WOS:000308927300008 PM 22934922 ER PT J AU Mouis, AG Menon, A Katta, V Litzinger, TA Linevsky, M Santoro, RJ Zeppieri, SP Colket, MB Roquemore, WM AF Mouis, A. G. Menon, A. Katta, V. Litzinger, T. A. Linevsky, M. Santoro, R. J. Zeppieri, S. P. Colket, M. B. Roquemore, W. M. TI Effects of m-xylene on aromatics and soot in laminar, N-2-diluted ethylene co-flow diffusion flames from 1 to 5 atm SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Soot; Aromatics; Ethylene; m-Xylene; Pressure ID HIGH-PRESSURE; OXIDATION; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; CHEMISTRY; TOLUENE; ABEL AB Experimental data and model results are presented for the effects of m-xylene on aromatic species and soot in a nitrogen-diluted ethylene flame over a range of pressures from 1 to 5 atm. The experimental approach was designed to investigate the effects of m-xylene as a perturbation to a base flame by keeping the amount of carbon added as m-xylene to 5% or less. The experimental results indicate that the maximum soot levels and those of small (1 or 2 rings) and large (3 or more ring) aromatic species are roughly first order with respect to the amount of m-xylene added. A chemical kinetic model was formulated, integrated into a 2-D modeling code, and used to simulate the effects of m-xylene addition and pressure on aromatic species and soot. The modeling results capture the general trends in concentration of soot and small aromatics as m-xylene concentration and pressure are varied. However, the model under-predicts the effect of m-xylene concentration and pressure on soot compared to the experimental results. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mouis, A. G.; Menon, A.; Litzinger, T. A.; Linevsky, M.; Santoro, R. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Katta, V.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Zeppieri, S. P.; Colket, M. B.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Roquemore, W. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Litzinger, TA (reprint author), 201 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM TAL2@psu.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [WP-1577] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Hai Wang, Dr. Ken Brezinsky and Dr. Soumya Gudiyella for their assistance in formulating the kinetic model used in this study. The authors also wish to acknowledge the support of this work provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (WP-1577) under the direction of Mr. Bruce Sartwell. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP 3168 EP 3178 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.03.014 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 003NR UT WOS:000308619100017 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Pierce, CJ Spowart, JE AF Crouse, Christopher A. Pierce, Christian J. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Synthesis and reactivity of aluminized fluorinated acrylic (AlFA) nanocomposites SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Aluminum nanoparticles; Fluoropolymer; Reactive composites ID OXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; PASSIVATION; COMBUSTION; BEHAVIOR AB Fluorinated materials, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and its co-polymers, have attracted significant interest throughout the energetic materials community due to their strong reactivity with aluminum powders. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel composite material produced through the in situ polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate in the presence of aluminum nanoparticles which have been previously functionalized with phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester to promote chemical integration into the polymer matrix. These materials, which we have termed aluminized fluorinated acrylic (AlFA) composites, have been prepared with particle contents ranging from 10% to 70% by weight. At particle loadings of 60 wt.% or less, the AlFA composites exhibited thermoplastic behavior and were able to be processed by melt extrusion. The AlFA-50 composite demonstrated the highest reactivity (most intense flame and shortest time to achieve complete deflagration) during air combustion experiments performed on consolidated pellets. Chemical analysis of the char indicated the presence of AlF3, in addition to Al2O3, Al4C3 and residual Al, indicating that reaction with the fluoro-polymer matrix does result in fluorination of the aluminum during the deflagration, however, this mechanism competes kinetically with air oxidation and carbide formation at higher particle loadings. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.; Pierce, Christian J.; Spowart, Jonathan E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Crouse, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.crouse.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, from Nanoscience and Technology STT Initiative in Nanoenergetics FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Pamela Lloyd for preparation of TEM sample specimens and Mr. W.A. Houston and Mr. J.M. Scott for technical support. Funding for this work was made available by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, from the Nanoscience and Technology STT Initiative in Nanoenergetics. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP 3199 EP 3207 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.03.016 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 003NR UT WOS:000308619100020 ER PT J AU Ostrow, SA Lake, RA Lombardi, JP Coutu, RA Starman, LA AF Ostrow, S. A., II Lake, R. A. Lombardi, J. P., III Coutu, R. A., Jr. Starman, L. A. TI Fabrication Process Comparison and Dynamics Evaluation of Electrothermal Actuators for a Prototype MEMS Safe and Arming Devices SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Electrothermal actuators; Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); PolyMUMPs; SUMMiT; Safe and arm ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; THERMAL ACTUATOR; MICROACTUATORS; MICROENGINE; DESIGN AB Electrothermal actuators fabricated using the Polysilicon Multi-User MEMS Process (PolyMUMPs) and the Sandia Ultra-Planar, Multi-Level MEMS Technology 5 (SUMMiT V) have been investigated for use in integrated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) safe and arming devices. The fabricated electrothermal actuators have been dynamically tested to determine and compare the responses of devices from both processes. Furthermore, the integration of these devices into a safe and arming device were tested and investigated for each process. Initial results indicate that the SUMMiT devices provide the most optimum results based on consistency of operation and reliability. C1 [Ostrow, S. A., II; Lake, R. A.; Lombardi, J. P., III; Coutu, R. A., Jr.; Starman, L. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1238 DI 10.1007/s11340-011-9579-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 998KT UT WOS:000308238300022 ER PT J AU Putnam, SA Briones, AM Byrd, LW Ervin, JS Hanchak, MS White, A Jones, JG AF Putnam, Shawn A. Briones, Alejandro M. Byrd, Larry W. Ervin, Jamie S. Hanchak, Michael S. White, Ashley Jones, John G. TI Microdroplet evaporation on superheated surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Water; Microdroplet; Numerical simulation; Structured surfaces; Depinning ID COOLING HEAT-TRANSFER; SESSILE DROPS; INTERFACIAL TEMPERATURE; MARANGONI FLOW; DRYING DROPS; WATER; SUBSTRATE; DYNAMICS; FLUX AB A comprehensive experimental investigation on water microdroplet evaporation is presented from the standpoint of phase-change cooling technologies. The study investigates microdroplet evaporation on a variety of different surface materials at surface temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 250 degrees C. The temporal evolution of the droplet profile and contact line dynamics are measured using high-speed photography and image analysis methods. The material systems tested consist of (1) thin-film surface coatings on glass substrates (e.g., Al. Ti, Cu, and SAMs) and (2) Cu substrates with different surface morphologies (e.g., mirror polished, 800-grit sanded, and micron-sized Cu pillar arrays). As expected, changes in surface energy influences the contact line dynamics. Changes in surface energy, however, showed no systematic influence on the evaporation efficiency. For all systems studied, the evaporation rate ((m) over dot(LG)) scales linearly with the microdroplets contact radius (i.e., (m) over dot(LG) proportional to R) and stick-slip contact line dynamics are observed. For example, the evaporation efficiency reduces after contact line depinning due to a reduction in the total length of the solid-liquid-vapor contact line, whereas, before depinning, (m) over dot(LG) is a constant and directly proportional to the surface temperature, contact radius, and substrate thermal conductivity. For microdroplet evaporation on thin-film surfaces, maximum evaporation rates ((m) over dot(LG)(max) mu g/s) and evaporative heat fluxes (q(max) congruent to 600 +/- 100 W/cm(2)) are observed at superheats of 70 degrees C less than or similar to Delta T less than or similar to 130 degrees C. These maxima in the evaporative heat transfer performance signify a transition in the heat transfer process from a purely microdroplet evaporation regime to a droplet/film boiling regime (which is analogous to the critical heat flux observed in pool boiling). For microdroplet evaporation on Cu substrates, droplet/film boiling occurs at much lower superheats (e.g., 10 degrees C less than or similar to Delta T less than or similar to 25 degrees C); yet, comparable maximum evaporation rates ((m) over dot(LG)(max) congruent to 36 +/- 8 mu g/s) and evaporative heat fluxes (q(max) congruent to 750 +/- 150 W/cm(2)) are observed. In short, this work suggests a reliable upper limit for the evaporation efficiency of (m) over dot(LG)(max) 35 +/- 5 mu g/s during water microdroplet evaporation on superheated surfaces (which turns out to be independent of substrate thermal conductivity, surface structure, and surface hydrophobicity). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Putnam, Shawn A.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Briones, Alejandro M.; Byrd, Larry W.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael S.; White, Ashley] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael S.; White, Ashley] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45410 USA. RP Putnam, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shawn.a.putnam@gmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303BR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 2303BR5P. The authors are thankful to Mike Check, Chris Murtatore, John Ferguson, Andrey Voevodin, and Chad Hunter for their help and frequent technical discussions. The authors thank Arthur Safriet for technical contributions during design and construction of the experimental apparatus. The authors are also grateful to HPCMO for the computing resources at the AFRL/DSRC. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 21-22 BP 5793 EP 5807 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.05.076 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 998SO UT WOS:000308260900041 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Guenthner, AJ Groshens, TJ Reams, JT Mabry, JM AF Davis, Matthew C. Guenthner, Andrew J. Groshens, Thomas J. Reams, Josiah T. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Polycyanurate networks from anethole dimers: Synthesis and characterization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anethole; curing of polymers; cyanate ester; high performance; high temperature materials; molding; polyphenol; renewable resources; synthesis; thermal properties; thermosets ID RENEWABLE RESOURCES; ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; POLYMERS; ILLICIUM; DENSITY; ESTERS; RESINS AB Novel biorenewable bisphenols are obtained through simple and rapid chemical transformation of the natural product trans-anethole. The corresponding dicyanate esters are thermally cured to give polycyanurate networks. The thermal properties from differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric, and dynamic thermomechanical analyses of the new dicyanate esters compare favorably with similar commercial products. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.] USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; National Research Council FX Financial support from the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program are gratefully acknowledged. Support from the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program (J. T. R.) is also acknowledged. Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead and Cynthia M. Kitchens of the NAWC Technical Library (China Lake) for obtaining several of the references. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 19 BP 4127 EP 4136 DI 10.1002/pola.26218 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 996MS UT WOS:000308093900024 ER PT J AU Anderson, RH Anderson, JK Bower, PA AF Anderson, Richard H. Anderson, Janet K. Bower, Paul A. TI Co-occurrence of 1,4-dioxane with trichloroethylene in chlorinated solvent groundwater plumes at US Air Force installations: Fact or fiction SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Increasing regulatory attention to 1,4-dioxane has prompted the United States Air Force (USAF) to evaluate potential environmental liabilities, primarily associated with legacy contamination, at an enterprise scale. Although accurately quantifying environmental liability is operationally difficult given limited historic environmental monitoring data, 1,4-dioxane is a known constituent (i.e., stabilizer) of chlorinated solvents, in particular 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). Evidence regarding the co-occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and trichloroethylene (TCE), however, has been heavily debated. In fact, the prevailing opinion is that 1,4-dioxane was not a constituent of past TCE formulations and, therefore, these 2 contaminants would not likely co-occur in the same groundwater plume. Because historic handling, storage, and disposal practices of chlorinated solvents have resulted in widespread groundwater contamination at USAF installations, significant potential exists for unidentified 1,4-dioxane contamination. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to determine the extent to which 1,4-dioxane co-occurs with TCE compared to TCA, and if these chemicals are co-contaminants, whether or not there is significant correlation using available monitoring data. To accomplish these objectives, the USAF Environmental Restoration Program Information Management System (ERPIMS) was queried for all relevant records for groundwater monitoring wells (GMWs) with 1,4-dioxane, TCA, and TCE, on which both categorical and quantitative analyses were carried out. Overall, ERPIMS contained 5788 GMWs from 49 installations with records for 1,4-dioxane, TCE, and TCA analytes. 1,4-Dioxane was observed in 17.4% of the GMWs with detections for TCE and/or TCA, which accounted for 93.7% of all 1,4-dioxane detections, verifying that 1,4-dioxane is seldom found independent of chlorinated solvent contamination. Surprisingly, 64.4% of all 1,4-dioxane detections were associated with TCE independently. Given the extensive data set, these results conclusively demonstrate for the first time that 1,4-dioxane is a relatively common groundwater co-contaminant with TCE. Trend analysis demonstrated a positive log-linear relationship where median 1,4-dioxane levels increased between approximately 6% and approximately 20% of the increase in TCE levels. In conclusion, this data mining exercise suggests that 1,4-dioxane has a probability of co-occurrence of approximately 17% with either TCE and/or TCA. Given the challenges imposed by remediation of 1,4-dioxane and the pending promulgation of a federal regulatory standard, environmental project managers should use the information presented in this article for prioritization of future characterization efforts to respond to the emerging issue. Importantly, site investigations should consider 1,4-dioxane a potential co-contaminant of TCE in groundwater plumes. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 731737. (c) 2012 SETAC RP Anderson, RH (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Engn & Environm, Tech Support Div AFCEE TDV, 2261 Hughes,Site 155, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM richard.anderson.55@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1002/ieam.1306 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 007IK UT WOS:000308881800018 PM 22492728 ER PT J AU Flanagan, KS Vanden Hoek, KK Ranter, JM Reich, HA AF Flanagan, Kelly S. Vanden Hoek, Kristin K. Ranter, Jennifer M. Reich, Holly A. TI The potential of forgiveness as a response for coping with negative peer experiences SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Forgiveness; Bullying; Victimization; Adolescence; Coping ID SELF-ESTEEM; VICTIMIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; STRATEGY; CHILDREN; ADJUSTMENT; BEHAVIORS AB Coping strategies employed by adolescents in response to negative peer experiences are related to their adjustment. This study examines the potential of forgiveness as a coping response for negative peer experiences in early adolescence. Participants were 616 6th through 8th grade students at a middle school (46% girls) who completed self-report measures of bullying and victimization experiences, general coping strategies in response to bullying, social anxiety, self-esteem, and a measure of forgiveness to a self-identified experience of being bullied or hurt by a peer. Forgiveness was positively associated with conflict resolution, advice and support seeking strategies, and negatively associated with revenge seeking. Forgiveness was also positively associated with concurrent self-esteem and negatively associated with social anxiety. Further, forgiveness was related to social anxiety and self-esteem after accounting for bullying behavior and victimization experiences, general coping responses, and gender. Developmental considerations of forgiveness and implications for this response are considered. (C) 2012 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flanagan, Kelly S.; Vanden Hoek, Kristin K.; Ranter, Jennifer M.] Wheaton Coll, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Reich, Holly A.] Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Flanagan, KS (reprint author), Wheaton Coll, Dept Psychol, 501 Coll Ave, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM Kelly.Flanagan@wheaton.edu; Kristin.Vandenhoek@my.wheaton.edu; jenn.ranter@my.wheaton.edu; holly.reich@wpfab.af.mil NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1971 EI 1095-9254 J9 J ADOLESCENCE JI J. Adolesc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.04.004 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 233WK UT WOS:000325600000010 PM 22608988 ER PT J AU Lamison, KR Guenthner, AJ AF Lamison, Kevin R. Guenthner, Andrew J. TI Water breakthrough pressure of cotton fabrics treated with fluorinated silsesquioxane/fluoroelastomer coatings SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE Breakthrough pressure; F-POSS; Superhydrophobic; Dip-coating ID SILICA NANOPARTICLES; TEXTILES; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; SURFACES; AGENT; FILMS AB Breakthrough pressure is an important parameter associated with the performance of water-resistant fabrics. Hydrostatic testing has been utilized to experimentally determine the breakthrough pressure of commercial cotton fabrics treated with various combinations of octakis(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS), a compound with the lowest reported solid surface energy, and the commercial fluoroelastomer, Tecnoflon (R). The breakthrough pressure values (amounting to a few inches of water) were found to be similar to predicted values based on the geometry of the samples and the surface energy of the components. The theoretical predictions, however, do not explain all differences observed among samples, such as the fact that a single dip coating with both F-POSS and Tecnoflon (R) produced a higher breakthrough pressure than a single dip coating in either F-POSS or Tecnoflon (R), or sequential dip coating (in either order) of the two components. SEM analysis of the coated fabrics indicated that coatings were conformal at the microscale, but did result in sub-micron scale roughness. Although this roughness may help to increase the contact angles with water, the breakthrough pressure appeared to be primarily determined by the geometry of the individual filaments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamison, Kevin R.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Lamison, KR (reprint author), USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM kevin.lamison.ctr@edwards.af.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 258 IS 24 BP 10205 EP 10208 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.064 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 991VB UT WOS:000307729600113 ER PT J AU Ge, Y Qiu, QR Wu, Q AF Ge, Yang Qiu, Qinru Wu, Qing TI A Multi-Agent Framework for Thermal Aware Task Migration in Many-Core Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Distributed control; dynamic thermal management; multi-agent; prediction; task migration ID MANAGEMENT; CHIP; PERSPECTIVE; PROCESSORS; NETWORKS; DESIGN AB In deep submicrometer era, thermal hot spots, and large temperature gradients significantly impact systemreliability, performance, cost, and leakage power. As the system complexity increases, it is more and more difficult to perform thermal management in a centralized manner because of state explosion and the overhead of monitoring the entire chip. In this paper, we propose a framework for distributed thermal management in many-core systems where balanced thermal profile can be achieved by proactive task migration among neighboring cores. The framework has a low cost agent residing in each core that observes the local workload and temperature and communicates with its nearest neighbor for task migration and exchange. By choosing only those migration requests that will result in balanced workload without generating thermal emergency, the proposed framework maintains workload balance across the system and avoids unnecessary migration. Experimental results show that, our distributed management policy achieves almost the same performance as a global management policy when the tasks are initially randomly distributed. Compared with existing proactive task migration technique, our approach generates less hotspot, less migration overhead with negligible performance overhead. C1 [Ge, Yang; Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wu, Qing] USAF, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Ge, Y (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM eroicaleo@gmail.com; qinru.qiu@gmail.com; qwu2000@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0845947] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CNS-0845947. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-8210 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1758 EP 1771 DI 10.1109/TVLSI.2011.2162348 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 980VN UT WOS:000306922400002 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Porter, WJ John, R AF Pilchak, A. L. Porter, W. J. John, R. TI Room temperature fracture processes of a near-alpha titanium alloy following elevated temperature exposure SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE CRACK-GROWTH; SMALL SURFACE CRACKS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; FACET CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; LIFE PREDICTION; HEAT-TREATMENT; CYCLE FATIGUE; DWELL-FATIGUE AB Near-alpha titanium alloys are used at higher temperatures than any other class of titanium alloys. As a consequence of thermal exposure, these components may develop locally elevated oxygen concentrations at the exposed surface which can negatively impact ductility and resistance to fatigue crack initiation. In this work, monotonic and fatigue fracture mechanisms of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si samples exposed to laboratory air at 650 A degrees C for 420 h were identified by means of a combination of quantitative tilt fractography, metallographic sectioning, and electron backscatter diffraction. These mechanisms were compared and contrasted with those operative during similar tests performed on material is the as-received condition with uniform oxygen content. While faceted fracture was not observed during quasi-static loading of virgin material, locally elevated concentrations of oxygen near the surfaces of exposed samples were shown to change the fracture mode from ductile, microvoid coalescence to brittle facet formation and grain boundary separation at stresses below the macroscopic yield point. Similar features and an increased propensity for facet formation were observed during cyclic loading of exposed samples. The effects of this time-dependent degradation on monotonic and cyclic properties were discussed in the context of the effect of oxygen on crack initiation and propagation mechanisms. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Porter, W. J.; John, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Porter, W. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RX24COR]; [FA8650-07-D-5800]; [FA8650-09- D-5223] FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Task No. 09RX24COR, Dr. David Stargel, Program Manager, is gratefully acknowledged. Two of the authors were partially supported under onsite Air Force contracts FA8650-07-D-5800 (ALP), Dr. Ali Sayir, Program Manager, and FA8650-09- D-5223 (WJP) during the time this work was completed. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 47 IS 20 BP 7235 EP 7253 DI 10.1007/s10853-012-6673-y PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 986LB UT WOS:000307342000025 ER PT J AU Jiraskova, A Novotny, J Novotny, L Vodicka, P Pardini, B Naccarati, A Schwertner, HA Hubacek, JA Puncocharova, L Smerhovsky, Z Vitek, L AF Jiraskova, Alena Novotny, Jan Novotny, Ladislav Vodicka, Pavel Pardini, Barbara Naccarati, Alessio Schwertner, Harvey A. Hubacek, Jaroslav A. Puncocharova, Lucie Smerhovsky, Zdenek Vitek, Libor TI Association of serum bilirubin and promoter variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 genes with sporadic colorectal cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE bilirubin; bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyl transferase; colorectal cancer; genetic variations; Gilbert syndrome; heme oxygenase; oxidative stress; UGT1A1 ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; HEME OXYGENASE-1 EXPRESSION; LYMPH-NODE METASTASIS; THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HO-1 PROMOTER; POLYMORPHISM; RISK; POPULATION AB Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) enzymes, both involved in bilirubin homeostasis, play an important role in the oxidative stress defense. The objective of our study was to assess the effect of promoter variations of HMOX1 and UGT1A1 genes and of serum bilirubin on the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). This exploratory case-control study was based on 777 CRC patients and 986 controls from the Czech Republic. The (GT)n and (TA)n dinucleotide variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 gene promoters, respectively, were determined by fragment analysis. In addition, the A(-413)T variant in HMOX1 promoter was also analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum bilirubin levels were compared in a subset of 174 cases and 247 controls, for whom biochemical data were available. After adjustment for age, a significant association between CRC risk and UGT1A1*28 allele carrier status was detected [odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) = 0.80 (0.600.97), p = 0.022]. No association between CRC risk and individual HMOX1 gene variants was observed, although a diplotype analysis revealed an increased risk for a specific HMOX1 genotype combination. These effects were more pronounced in males. Substantially lower serum bilirubin levels were detected in CRC patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001); each 1 mu mol/L decrease in serum bilirubin was associated with a 7% increase of CRC risk (p < 0.001). In conclusion, UGT1A1*28 allele carrier status might be a protective factor against the development of CRC in the male population, whereas low serum bilirubin levels are associated with an increased risk of CRC in both genders. C1 [Jiraskova, Alena; Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Jiraskova, Alena; Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Jan] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Oncol, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Ladislav] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Ladislav] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 3, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Vodicka, Pavel] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Biol & Med Genet, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Vodicka, Pavel; Pardini, Barbara; Naccarati, Alessio] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. [Schwertner, Harvey A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Hubacek, Jaroslav A.] Inst Clin & Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. [Puncocharova, Lucie] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Surg 3, Fac Med 1, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Smerhovsky, Zdenek] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Inst Epidemiol 2, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Smerhovsky, Zdenek] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Vitek, L (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, Fac Med 1, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. EM vitek@cesnet.cz RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008; Vodicka, Pavel/H-3370-2014; Pardini, Barbara/K-9451-2016; OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151; Pardini, Barbara/0000-0001-9571-4257; Naccarati, Alessio/0000-0001-5774-0905 FU Czech Ministry of Education [ME849, LH11030, 2B06155]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [CZ:GA CR:GA307/10/1430]; Czech Ministry of Health [00023001] FX Grant sponsor: Czech Ministry of Education; Grant numbers: ME849, LH11030, 2B06155; Grant sponsor: Grant Agency of the Czech Republic; Grant number: CZ:GA CR:GA307/10/1430; Grant sponsor: Czech Ministry of Health; Grant number: 00023001 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 7 BP 1549 EP 1555 DI 10.1002/ijc.27412 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 980TJ UT WOS:000306915700022 PM 22212955 ER PT J AU Bush, RW Brice, CA AF Bush, R. W. Brice, C. A. TI Elevated temperature characterization of electron beam freeform fabricated Ti-6Al-4V and dispersion strengthened Ti-8Al-1Er SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Electron beam freeform fabrication; Elevated temperature tensile strength; Creep; Dispersion strengthening ID IN-SITU TIB; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; STEEL; AIR AB Electron beam freeform fabrication is an additive manufacturing process that can be used to build fully dense, structural metallic parts directly from a three-dimensional computer model. This technique can replace conventional fabrication methods, such as forging or machining from plate, and enable significant cost, time, and tool savings. Additionally, this method enables the fabrication of alloys with novel compositions that are not well suited to production via ingot metallurgy processes. Ti-8A1-1Er is an experimental dispersion strengthened titanium alloy composition that requires rapid cooling to achieve optimal properties and thus is not amenable to ingot metallurgy production methods. Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys, such as Ti-8Al-1Er are known to have excellent thermal stability and improved high temperature properties. In this work, the room temperature tensile, elevated temperature tensile, creep properties and oxidation resistance of electron beam additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-8Al-1Er were measured and compared to those of laser beam additive manufactured Ti-8Al-1Er and wrought Ti-6Al-4V. Elevated temperature tensile properties were measured between 93 degrees and 538 degrees C. Creep tests were performed between 425 degrees and 455 degrees C at stresses between 345 and 483 MPa. It was found that the elevated temperature properties of the electron beam additive manufactured products are comparable to those of wrought forms. The elevated temperature strengths of Ti-8Al-1Er are comparable to those of Ti-6Al-4V in percentage of room temperature strength retained at temperature. Based on a Larson-Miller analysis of the creep test data, the creep resistance of Ti-8Al-1Er is superior to that of Ti-6A1-4V, but inferior to that of laser beam additive manufactured Ti-8Al-1Er. The inter-alloy improvement in creep resistance increases with decreasing temperature and stress. The oxidation resistance of Ti-8A1-1Er is superior to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bush, R. W.] USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Brice, C. A.] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Bush, RW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ralph.bush@usafa.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2012 VL 554 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.083 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 990FL UT WOS:000307616300003 ER PT J AU Shumaker, JA McClung, AJW Baur, JW AF Shumaker, J. A. McClung, A. J. W. Baur, J. W. TI Synthesis of high temperature polyaspartimide-urea based shape memory polymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Thermoset; Shape memory polymer; Morphing ID RESINS AB Thermally activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted great interest in recent years for application in adaptive shape-changing (morphing) aero structures. However, these components require materials with transition temperatures well above the glass transition temperatures of most widely available SMPs while also maintaining processability and property tailorability. In the present study, a series of novel polyaspartimide-urea based polymers are synthesized and characterized. The glass transition temperature and shape memory properties are varied using a diisocyanate resin creating a urea crosslinking moiety between the polyaspartimide chains. Overall, a family of high temperature SMPs was synthesized and characterized showing high thermal stability (>300 degrees C), toughness, strong shape memory effects, and tailorable properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shumaker, J. A.; McClung, A. J. W.; Baur, J. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shumaker, J. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [McClung, A. J. W.] AFRL, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baur, JW (reprint author), Survivabil & Sensor Mat Div, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffery.baur@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 21 BP 4637 EP 4642 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.021 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 014LO UT WOS:000309377400010 ER PT J AU Anderson, KD Weber, RB McConney, ME Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF Anderson, Kyle D. Weber, Robert B. McConney, Michael E. Jiang, Hao Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Responsive plasma polymerized ultrathin nanocomposite films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE NIPAAM; Plasma polymerization; Co-polymerization; Responsive films; Tunable optical properties ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROGEL THIN-FILMS; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; AMINO-ACID; THERMORESPONSIVE POLYMER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTONIC FILMS; SURFACES; COPOLYMER AB The plasma polymerization of NIPAAM and titanium isopropoxide monomers into responsive ultrathin films with responsive optical properties using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is reported. The composite ultrathin films possess a large window for potential changes in their refractive index from 1.60 to 1.95. We demonstrated that these polymer films exhibit fast (transition time below 2 s), large, reversible, and repeatable changes to their thickness and refractive index as a function of periodic environmental humidity changes. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Kyle D.; Weber, Robert B.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McConney, Michael E.; Jiang, Hao; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0446, FA9550-09-1-0162]; Air Force Research Lab FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) program. This research is also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-08-1-0446 and FA9550-09-1-0162, as well as the Air Force Research Lab. The authors thank Seth Young for technical assistance with FTIR measurements. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 21 BP 4686 EP 4693 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.013 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 014LO UT WOS:000309377400016 ER PT J AU Smith, AM Uskov, DB Fanto, ML Ying, LH Kaplan, L AF Smith, A. Matthew Uskov, D. B. Fanto, M. L. Ying, L. H. Kaplan, L. TI Proposed experiment in two-qubit linear optical photonic gates for maximal success rates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; CIRCUITS AB Here we propose an experiment in linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) using the framework first developed by Knill, Laflamme and Milburn. This experiment will test the ideas of the authors' previous work on imperfect LOQC gates using number-resolving photon detectors. We suggest a relatively simple physical apparatus capable of producing CZ gates with controllable fidelity less than 1 and success rates higher than the current theoretical maximum (S = 2/27) for perfect fidelity. These experimental setups are within the reach of many experimental groups and would provide an interesting experiment in photonic quantum computing. C1 [Smith, A. Matthew; Uskov, D. B.; Ying, L. H.; Kaplan, L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Smith, A. Matthew; Fanto, M. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Uskov, D. B.] Univ Brescia, Dept Math & Nat Sci, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. RP Smith, AM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM amos.matthew.smith.ctr@rl.af.mil FU NSF [PHY-0551 164, PHY-0545 390]; National Research Council Research Associateship program at the AFRL Rome Research Site, Information Directorate FX This work was supported in part by the NSF under Grants PHY-0551 164 and PHY-0545 390, and by the National Research Council Research Associateship program at the AFRL Rome Research Site, Information Directorate. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 18 AR 185502 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/18/185502 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 006HB UT WOS:000308809000012 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Jia, N Pedersen, TR Frey, HU Donovan, ED AF Streltsov, A. V. Jia, N. Pedersen, T. R. Frey, H. U. Donovan, E. D. TI ULF waves and discrete aurora SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; ARCS; ACCELERATION; IONOSPHERE; PULSATIONS; GENERATION; CAVITIES; POWER AB We present results from the numerical study of ULF waves generated by the ionospheric feedback instability in density cavities. The goal of the study is to explain several spectral features of ULF waves detected on the ground in close vicinity of intense discrete auroral arcs. These features include (1) localization of the waves packages across the ambient magnetic field, (2) variation of the wave frequency in relatively small amplitude waves, and (3) presence of several discrete harmonics in the spectrum of the relatively large amplitude waves. Time-dependent, two-dimensional simulations based on the two-fluid MHD model performed in the dipole, axisymmetrical geometry of the ambient magnetic field with realistic parameters of the plasma density in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere demonstrate that the ionospheric feedback instability inside the density cavity indeed provides a good, quantitative explanation of these features of ULF waves observed at high latitudes during substorm onsets. C1 [Streltsov, A. V.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Jia, N.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Frey, H. U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Donovan, E. D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM streltsa@erau.edu OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0099]; ONR MURI [N00014-07-1-0789]; CSA; NSF [1004736] FX This work is supported by DARPA contract HR0011-09-C-0099 to BAE Systems and by ONR MURI award N00014-07-1-0789 to the University of Maryland. We acknowledge CSA for data retrieval from the THEMIS GBO stations and NSF award 1004736 for operating and maintaining the sites in Alaska. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09227 DI 10.1029/2012JA017644 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063JK UT WOS:000312993200003 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Lamison, KR Lubin, LM Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Lamison, Kevin R. Lubin, Lisa M. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Hansen Solubility Parameters for Octahedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PHENETHYL-SILSESQUIOXANES; FLOCCULATION BEHAVIOR; OXIDE POWDERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; POSS; DISPERSION; PREDICTION; STATE; SURFACE AB The Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) for several polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) compounds were successfully determined, demonstrating the applicability of the HSP approach for selected types of organic inorganic compounds. As commonly practiced with organic polymers, a set of simple "pass/fail" tests for complete solubility at a fixed concentration (100 mg/mL) was conducted for an array of five octameric POSS compounds, octa(phenethyl), octa(styrenyl), octa(isobutyl), octakis(hexafluoroisobutyl), and (1-naphthyl)heptaphenyl), and 45 test solvents. Group contributions for the octameric POSS cage were determined using three different approaches, which produced similar results. The best cage contribution estimate for the dispersive, polar, and hydrogen-bonding components, delta(D), delta(P), and delta(H) of the total solubility parameter was determined to be delta(D) = 22 (J/cc)(1/2), delta(P) = 19 (J/cc)(1/2), and delta(H) = 15 (J/cc)(1/2), with an estimated uncertainty of approximately 5 (J/cc)(1/2). The utility of the HSP approach was demonstrated by successfully identifying mixtures of poor solvents that provided significantly enhanced solubility for octa(isobutyl) POSS, and by successfully estimating the HSP of octakis(trifluoropropyl) POSS from group contributions derived solely from aromatic POSS compounds. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lamison, Kevin R.; Lubin, Lisa M.; Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Space and Missile Propulsion Division FX Financial support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space and Missile Propulsion Division, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Mr. Patrick Ruth and Ms. Amanda Wheaton of ERC Inc. for gas pycnometry, and Dr. Sean Ramirez of ERC Inc. for X-ray crystallographic data in support of this work. The octa(phenethyl) and octa(styrenyl) POSS used in this study were prepared by Dr. Rusty Blanski of AFRL, and the 1-napthylheptaphenyl POSS used in this study was prepared by Mr. Brian Moore of AFRL. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 38 BP 12282 EP 12293 DI 10.1021/ie300767p PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 010NC UT WOS:000309100100016 ER PT J AU Lee, BKM Koerner, H Wang, DH Tan, LS White, TJ Vaia, RA AF Lee, By Kyung Min Koerner, Hilmar Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Tailoring the Photomechanical Response of Glassy, Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides by Physical Aging SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LOCAL FREE-VOLUME; SIDE-CHAIN; PHOTOINDUCED ALIGNMENT; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; FLUORESCENT-PROBE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); PHOTOCHROMIC PROBES; ISOMERIZATION AB Photoresponsive polymers convert a light stimulus input into a mechanical output (work). Photoinduced conformational changes, such as within azobenzene, dictate molecular-level distortions that summate into a macroscopic strain, which often manifests as a shape change or motion. The transduction of the molecular-level response to a macroscale effect is regulated by mesoscopic features, such as chain packing, free volume, and local molecular order-factors which depend on chemical composition as well as the process history of the material. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to widely tailor the photomechanical response of a photoresponsive polymer by manipulating the energy state of the glass, rather than formulating new chemical compositions. Physical aging increases the density of the glass, reduces local free volume, and thus reduces the minima in local conformation space, thereby strongly influencing the azobenzene photochemistry (trans-cis-trans isomerization). The subsequent change in the energy landscape of the system reduces the fraction of azobenzene able to undergo reconfiguration as well as increases the probability that those photoinduced conformations will relax back to the initial local environment. The result is a tuning of the magnitude of macroscopic strain and the ability to shift from shape fixing to shape recovery, respectively. C1 [Lee, By Kyung Min; Koerner, Hilmar; Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, By Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Ian Hodge of Rochester Institute of Technology for providing his MATLAB code for physical aging analysis. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 18 BP 7527 EP 7534 DI 10.1021/ma3016085 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 009QU UT WOS:000309041100025 ER PT J AU Oyerokun, FT Vaia, RA AF Oyerokun, Folusho T. Vaia, Richard A. TI Distribution in the Grafting Density of End-Functionalized Polymer Chains Adsorbed onto Nanoparticle Surfaces SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HYBRID NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; BRUSHES; MODEL; THERMODYNAMICS; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYSTYRENE; COMPOSITES; COPOLYMERS; SOLVENTS AB We have developed a simple model to quantify the role of curvature on the surface composition of polymer-nanoparticle hybrids formed as a result of the adsorption of end-functionalized homopolymer chains onto spherical nanoparticles in dilute polymer solutions. The analytic model incorporates relevant contributions from changes in the translational and conformational entropies of the polymer chains, and the enthalpy gained during adsorption, to derive an expression for the distribution of the grafting density as a function of nanoparticle curvature and solution properties of the end-adsorbing chains. Our model predicts that the grafting density distribution is Gaussian. The mean grafting density is found to increase with increasing nanoparticle curvature and polymer concentration. However, the degree of polydispersity in the grafting density is also found to increase with curvature, suggesting the near impossibility of synthesizing monodispersed polymer-tethered nanoparticle hybrids via the grafting-to technique as the radius of the nanoparticles approaches the unperturbed radius of gyration of the polymer chains in the solution. C1 [Oyerokun, Folusho T.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oyerokun, FT (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM fayton75@gmail.com FU National Research Council at the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office for Scientific Research FX This research was performed while F. Oyerokun held the National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors also thank the Air Force Office for Scientific Research for funding. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 18 BP 7649 EP 7659 DI 10.1021/ma301218d PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 009QU UT WOS:000309041100038 ER PT J AU Masataka, N Perlovsky, L AF Masataka, Nobuo Perlovsky, Leonid TI The efficacy of musical emotions provoked by Mozart's music for the reconciliation of cognitive dissonance SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Debates on the origin and function of music have a long history. While some scientists argue that music itself plays no adaptive role in human evolution, others suggest that music clearly has an evolutionary role, and point to music's universality. A recent hypothesis suggested that a fundamental function of music has been to help mitigating cognitive dissonance, which is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting cognitions simultaneously. It usually leads to devaluation of conflicting knowledge. Here we provide experimental confirmation of this hypothesis using a classical paradigm known to create cognitive dissonance. Results of our experiment reveal that the exposure to Mozart's music exerted a strongly positive influence upon the performance of young children and served as basis by which they were enabled to reconcile the cognitive dissonance. C1 [Masataka, Nobuo] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Inuyama, Aichi 484, Japan. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Masataka, N (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Inuyama, Aichi 484, Japan. EM masataka@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japanese Government [A06]; [20243034] FX The research was supported by a grant (#20243034) as well as by the Global COE (Center for Excellence) Research Program from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japanese Government (A06 to Kyoto University). We are grateful to Naoko Watanabe for assistance when conducting experimentation and Masahiro Shibasaki and Elizabeth Nakajima for making comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 694 DI 10.1038/srep00694 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012VL UT WOS:000309264600003 PM 23012648 ER PT J AU Mindrup, FM Friend, MA Bauer, KW AF Mindrup, Frank M. Friend, Mark A. Bauer, Kenneth W. TI Small sample training and test selection method for optimized anomaly detection algorithms in hyperspectral imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imagery; data splitting; robust parameter design; anomaly detection; training and test set selection. ID PARAMETER DESIGN AB There are numerous anomaly detection algorithms proposed for hyperspectral imagery. Robust parameter design (RPD) techniques provide an avenue to select robust settings capable of operating consistently across a large variety of image scenes. Many researchers in this area are faced with a paucity of data. Unfortunately, there are no data splitting methods for model validation of datasets with small sample sizes. Typically, training and test sets of hyperspectral images are chosen randomly. Previous research has developed a framework for optimizing anomaly detection in HSI by considering specific image characteristics as noise variables within the context of RPD; these characteristics include the Fisher's score, ratio of target pixels and number of clusters. We have developed method for selecting hyperspectral image training and test subsets that yields consistent RPD results based on these noise features. These subsets are not necessarily orthogonal, but still provide improvements over random training and test subset assignments by maximizing the volume and average distance between image noise characteristics. The small sample training and test selection method is contrasted with randomly selected training sets as well as training sets chosen from the CADEX and DUPLEX algorithms for the well known Reed-Xiaoli anomaly detector. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063563] C1 [Mindrup, Frank M.; Friend, Mark A.; Bauer, Kenneth W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mindrup, FM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641,Rm 201B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM francis.mindrup@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 24 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063563 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063563 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032FQ UT WOS:000310699300001 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Ahoujja, M Harris, T Beeler, R Kouvetakis, J AF Ryu, Mee-Yi Yeo, Y. K. Ahoujja, M. Harris, Tom Beeler, Richard Kouvetakis, John TI Degenerate parallel conducting layer and conductivity type conversion observed from p-Ge1-ySny (y=0.06%) grown on n-Si substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; BAND-GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; ALLOYS; FILMS AB Electrical properties of p-Ge1-ySny (y = 0.06%) grown on n-Si substrate were investigated through temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements. It was found that there exists a degenerate parallel conducting layer in Ge1-ySny/Si and a second, deeper acceptor in addition to a shallow acceptor. This parallel conducting layer dominates the electrical properties of the Ge1-ySny layer below 50 K and also significantly affects those properties at higher temperatures. Additionally, a conductivity type conversion from p to n was observed around 370 K for this sample. A two-layer conducting model was used to extract the carrier concentration and mobility of the Ge1-ySny layer alone. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754625] C1 [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kangwon Do 200701, South Korea. [Yeo, Y. K.; Harris, Tom] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ahoujja, M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Beeler, Richard; Kouvetakis, John] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kangwon Do 200701, South Korea. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr; Yung.Yeo@afit.edu FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0021555] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Gernot S. Pomrenke of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work and Dr. Dave C. Look for his valuable discussions. This research (M.Y.R.) was also supported in part by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0021555). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 13 AR 131110 DI 10.1063/1.4754625 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 015DX UT WOS:000309426800010 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, J. M. TI Dependence of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients on wave parameters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; WHISTLER-MODE WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SCATTERING; CYCLOTRON; DENSITY; ENERGY; IRREGULARITIES; PRECIPITATION AB Bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients, traditionally written as double integrals over latitude and wave normal angle, have recently been expressed as double integrals over wave normal angle theta and wave frequency omega. The integrand is the diffusion coefficient due to a single wave, and the total diffusion coefficient is a weighted average of the single-wave values. This formulation essentially factors out the wave power distribution in omega and theta, so that the effects of changes in these distributions may be evaluated without extensive recalculation, and may even be estimated visually from general plots. This approach may also be applied directly to narrowband waves. Results indicate that the transmission of waves propagating near the resonance cone, as may occur in the upcoming Demonstration and Science Experiments satellite mission, may be relatively ineffective at precipitating trapped electrons. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jay.albert@us.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09224 DI 10.1029/2012JA017718 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 011AV UT WOS:000309136600001 ER PT J AU Biswas, S Nepal, D Park, K Vaia, RA AF Biswas, Sushmita Nepal, Dhriti Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. TI Orientation Sensing with Color Using Plasmonic Gold Nanorods and Assemblies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON LUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY; SENSORS; ABSORPTION; RESONANCE; SHAPE AB Colorimetric analysis of broadband illumination scattered from isolated gold nanorods and reduced symmetry Dolmen structures provide a visible measure of the local nanoscale orientation of the nanostructures relative to the laboratory frame of reference. Polarized dark-field scattering microscopy correlated with scanning electron microscopy of low and high aspect ratio gold nanorods demonstrated accuracies of 2.3 degrees, which is a 5-fold improvement over photothermal and defocused imaging methods. By assigning the three color channels of the imaging detector (red, green, and blue) to the plasmon resonance wavelengths of the nanostructure, the quantitative display of orientation improved by 200%. The reduced symmetry of a gold nanorod Dolmen structure further improved the sensitivity of colorimetric orientation by a factor of 2 due to the comparative intensities of the resonances. Thus the simplicity, high accuracy, and sensitivity of visual colorimetric sensing of local nanoscale orientation holds promise for high throughput, inexpensive structure and dynamics studies in biology and material science. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Nepal, Dhriti; Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI park, kyoungweon/G-2898-2013 FU National Research Council Associateship FX We thank Ruth Pachter and Jinsong Duan (Air Force Research Laboratory) for their FDTD modeling input on the Dolmen structure, and the National Research Council Associateship for supporting this research. We also thank Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research for providing the resources in this research project. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 18 BP 2568 EP 2574 DI 10.1021/jz3009908 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 011XQ UT WOS:000309200000007 PM 26295876 ER PT J AU Nenoff, TM Berman, MR Glasgow, KC Cesa, MC Taft, H AF Nenoff, Tina M. Berman, Michael R. Glasgow, Katherine C. Cesa, Mark C. Taft, Hessy TI Introduction to the Special Section on Alternative Energy Systems: Hydrogen, Solar, and Biofuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nenoff, Tina M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Berman, Michael R.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Glasgow, Katherine C.] Nomacorc LLC, Zebulon, NC 27597 USA. [Cesa, Mark C.] INEOS Nitriles LLC, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. [Taft, Hessy] St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmnenof@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 19 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 37 BP 11819 EP 11820 DI 10.1021/ie301555t PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 006VI UT WOS:000308847100001 ER PT J AU Wilt, D Stan, M AF Wilt, David Stan, Mark TI High Efficiency Multijunction Photovoltaic Development SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; DISLOCATIONS; SILICON; ALLOYS AB Photovoltaic energy conversion has demonstrated remarkable improvements in performance over the past 60 years. The rate of solar cell efficiency change has actually increased over the past 20 years as researchers have moved beyond elemental semiconductors to increasingly more sophisticated materials and devices. In addition, significant improvements in materials quality and deposition technology have further fueled this dramatic improvement in device performance. Diversifying from silicon to III-V compound semiconductor materials has enabled the development of multijunction solar cells with 3, 4, and even 6 subcells to achieve ever higher conversion efficiency. For 1-sun space application(s), these III-V multijunction cells are demonstrating, similar to 35% efficiency, while under terrestrial concentrated sunlight conditions efficiencies are >42%. This Article will discuss the development of high efficiency III-V multijunction solar cells, focusing on recently developed metamorphic device structures and novel lattice matched approaches. C1 [Wilt, David] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Stan, Mark] EMCORE Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Wilt, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM david.wilt@kirtland.af.mil NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 19 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 37 BP 11931 EP 11940 DI 10.1021/ie3012616 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 006VI UT WOS:000308847100014 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Valtier, S Bebarta, VS AF Schwertner, Harvey A. Valtier, Sandra Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) determination of plasma hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin concentrations after hydroxocobalamin antidote treatment for cyanide poisoning SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hydroxocobalamin; Cyanocobalamin; LC/MS/MS analysis; Cyanide poisoning antidote; Pharmacokinetics; Porcine models ID SODIUM THIOSULFATE; SMOKE-INHALATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; COBALAMINS; TOXICITY; EFFICACY; DOGS; RATS AB Cyanide poisoning occurs in individuals after fire smoke inhalation and after oral ingestion of cyanide. Hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl), a hydroxylated form of vitamin B-12, is often used as an antidote to treat cyanide toxicity. It has a high affinity for cyanide and rapidly removes cyanide from tissue by forming cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). Little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of HOCbl and CNCbl largely because of the lack of analytical methods for analyzing HOCbl and CNCbl. In this study, we developed a new liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of plasma HOCbl and CNCbl in the porcine (Sus scrofa) model. The method uses on-column extraction, reversed phase gradient chromatography, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for quantitation. MRM transitions monitored were 664.7 -> 147.3 and 664.7 -> 359.2 for HOCbl and 678.8 -> 147.3, 678.8 -> 359.1 678.8 -> 457.1 for CNCbl. The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 1.0 and 1.0 mu mole/L, respectively, for plasma HOCbl and 0.1 and 0.5 mu mole/L for plasma CNCbl. The within-day and between-day CVs were 4.3 and 6.4% for plasma HOCbl at 500.0 mu mole/L and 5.5 and 5.7% for CNCbl at 100.0 mu mole/L (n = 6). The plasma HOCbl and CNCbl calibrations curves were linear from 100.0 to 2000.0 and 50.0 to 500.0 mu mole/L, respectively. Based on 6 separate calibration curves the average linear regression coefficient (R-2) for both HOCbl and CNCbl was 0.992. The LC/M/MS method was found to be accurate and precise and has been validated by determining the plasma HOCbl and CNCbl concentrations in 11 pigs that were treated with HOCbl for cyanide poisoning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schwertner, Harvey A.; Valtier, Sandra; Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Div Clin Res, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 905 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.012 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 006PJ UT WOS:000308831000002 PM 22939270 ER PT J AU Thielen, PA Ho, JG Burchman, DA Goodno, GD Rothenberg, JE Wickham, MG Flores, A Lu, CA Pulford, B Robin, C Sanchez, AD Hult, D Rowland, KB AF Thielen, Peter A. Ho, James G. Burchman, David A. Goodno, Gregory D. Rothenberg, Joshua E. Wickham, Michael G. Flores, Angel Lu, Chunte A. Pulford, Benjamin Robin, Craig Sanchez, Anthony D. Hult, D. Rowland, K. B. TI Two-dimensional diffractive coherent combining of 15 fiber amplifiers into a 600 W beam SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER ARRAY; HIGH-POWER; COMBINATION; EFFICIENCY; GRATINGS; KW AB We demonstrate coherent beam combining using a two-dimensionally patterned diffractive optic combining element. Fifteen Yb-doped fiber amplifier beams arranged in a 3 x 5 array were combined into a single 600 W, M-2 = 1.1 output beam with 68% combining efficiency. Combining losses under thermally stable conditions at 485 W were found to be dominated by spatial mode-mismatch between the free space input beams, in quantitative agreement with calculations using the measured amplitude and phase profiles of the input beams. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Thielen, Peter A.; Ho, James G.; Burchman, David A.; Goodno, Gregory D.; Rothenberg, Joshua E.; Wickham, Michael G.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Flores, Angel; Lu, Chunte A.; Pulford, Benjamin; Robin, Craig; Sanchez, Anthony D.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hult, D.] TREX Enterprises Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rowland, K. B.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thielen, PA (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM peter.thielen@ngc.com FU HEL-JTO [FA9451-08-D-0196] FX This work was sponsored by HEL-JTO under contract # FA9451-08-D-0196. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 18 BP 3741 EP 3743 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 009SU UT WOS:000309046300001 PM 23041844 ER PT J AU Nandwana, P Hwang, JY Koo, MY Tiley, J Hong, SH Banerjee, R AF Nandwana, P. Hwang, J. Y. Koo, M. Y. Tiley, J. Hong, S. H. Banerjee, R. TI Formation of equiaxed alpha and titanium nitride precipitates in spark plasma sintered TiB/Ti-6Al-4V composites SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; TiB; TiN; Spark plasma sintering; Composite; alpha/beta phase ID BORON ADDITION; ALLOYS AB Spark plasma sintered TiB/Ti-6Al-4V composites have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As-SPS processed composites exhibit a more refined distribution of equiaxed alpha precipitates as compared to arc-melted composites containing similar volume fraction of TiB precipitates. Additionally. SPS processed composites also show a highly refined distribution of TiN precipitates, as revealed by TEM studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nandwana, P.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Hwang, J. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Jeonbuk 565902, South Korea. [Koo, M. Y.; Hong, S. H.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM banerjee@unt.edu OI Nandwana, Peeyush/0000-0002-5147-1668 FU National Space Lab program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [N01090333]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; Defense Acquisition Program Administration; Agency for Defense Development under Basic Research program [UD080009GD]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Space Lab program (N01090333) through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, and Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development under Basic Research program (UD080009GD) as well as the ISES contract awarded to the University of North Texas by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL contract number FA8650-08-C-5226. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 83 BP 202 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2012.05.132 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 996TU UT WOS:000308118500060 ER PT J AU Teng, C Yu, WB Chen, MY AF Teng, Chong Yu, Wenbin Chen, Ming Y. TI Variational asymptotic homogenization of temperature-dependent heterogeneous materials under finite temperature changes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Variational asymptotic method; Thermoelasticity; Finite temperature changes; VAMUCH; Temperature-dependent properties ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MICROMECHANICS MODEL AB The variational asymptotic method is used to construct a thermomechanical model for homogenizing heterogeneous materials made of temperature-dependent constituents subject to finite temperature changes with the restriction that the strain is small. First, we presented the derivation for a Helmholtz free energy suitable for finite temperature changes using basic thermodynamics concepts. Then we used this energy to construct a thermomechanical micromechanics model, extending our previous work which was restricted to small temperature changes. The new model is implemented in the computer code VAMUCH using the finite element method for the purpose of handling real heterogeneous materials with arbitrary periodic microstructures. A few examples including binary composites, fiber reinforced composites, and particle reinforced composites are used to demonstrate the application of this model and the errors introduced by assuming small temperature changes when they are not necessarily small. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Teng, Chong; Yu, Wenbin] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Chen, Ming Y.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yu, WB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM wenbin.yu@usu.edu RI Yu, Wenbin/B-1916-2009 FU US AFRL Rapid Insertion and Development of Hypersonic Materials (RIDHM) program; Liebherr-Aerospace company FX This work is supported, in part, by the US AFRL Rapid Insertion and Development of Hypersonic Materials (RIDHM) program and the Liebherr-Aerospace company. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsement, either expressed or implied, of the sponsors. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 49 IS 18 BP 2439 EP 2449 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.05.006 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 987KU UT WOS:000307416600007 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Groeber, MA Turner, TJ Dimiduk, DM Woodward, C Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Choi, Y. S. Groeber, M. A. Turner, T. J. Dimiduk, D. M. Woodward, C. Uchic, M. D. Parthasarathy, T. A. TI A crystal-plasticity FEM study on effects of simplified grain representation and mesh types on mesoscopic plasticity heterogeneities SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Finite element method; Mesoscopic plasticity; Grain representation; Mesh type ID CONSTRAINED SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE; STRESS-STRAIN FIELDS; PART 2; ELEMENT; DEFORMATION; BOUNDARIES; BEHAVIOR; METALS; MODEL AB A numerical study using crystal plasticity finite element method was performed in order to investigate the influence of the grain boundary morphology (stair-case or smooth/flat) and the selection of different mesh types (hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes) on the distribution of simulated plasticity heterogeneities. A bicrystal (a hard grain and a soft grain) sphere embedded in a cubic grain was utilized to perform the current numerical study. The volume averaged responses for the simulated plasticity values (von Mises stress, total accumulated slip system shear and maximum accumulated slip system shear) showed no significant dependence on the grain boundary representation and mesh type. However, the bicrystal represented by uniform hexahedral meshes with stair-case grain boundaries tends to show more extreme local plasticity values (in the head and tail of the distribution), particularly populated in the grain boundary region. Differences in local plasticity values between the stair-case and the smooth (or flat) grain boundary cases and between the hexahedral and the tetrahedral mesh cases were largest in the grain boundary region, and the degree of the differences depended upon the plasticity susceptibility of the grain. The simulation results suggest that the grain boundary represented by the stair-case morphology can be a source and/or a sink for local extreme plasticity, compared to the grain boundary represented by the smooth (or flat) morphology. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Y. S.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Groeber, M. A.; Turner, T. J.; Dimiduk, D. M.; Woodward, C.; Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ychoi@ues.com FU U.S. Air force [FA8650-10-D-5226]; Ohio Supercomputer Center [PAS0647] FX This work was supported by the contract research at the AFRL/RXLM under the U.S. Air force contract # FA8650-10-D-5226 (Y.S.C. and T.A.P.). The authors are grateful to Dr. R.A. Brockman of University of Dayton Research Institute for the fruitful discussion throughout the project. Computations were performed using computer resources at the Ohio Supercomputer Center (grant #'s PAS0647) and at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC). NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 553 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.089 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 982ZY UT WOS:000307086900006 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. TI Numerically erasure-robust frames SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Frames; Erasures; Well-conditioned ID RESTRICTED ISOMETRY PROPERTY; TIGHT FRAMES AB Given a channel with additive noise and adversarial erasures, the task is to design a frame that allows for stable signal reconstruction from transmitted frame coefficients. To meet these specifications. we introduce numerically erasure-robust frames. We first consider a variety of constructions, including random frames, equiangular tight frames and group frames. Later, we show that arbitrarily large erasure rates necessarily induce numerical instability in signal reconstruction. We conclude with a few observations, including some implications for maximal equiangular tight frames and sparse frames. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Fine Hall,Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM matthew.fickus@afit.edu; dmixon@princeton.edu FU NSF [DMS-1042701]; AFOSR [F1ATA01103J001, F1ATA00183G003]; A.B. Krongard Fellowship FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments and suggestions. M.F. was supported by NSF Grant No. DMS-1042701 and AFOSR Grant Nos. F1ATA01103J001 and F1ATA00183G003, and D.G.M. was supported by the A.B. Krongard Fellowship. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 EI 1873-1856 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 437 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1407 DI 10.1016/j.laa.2012.04.034 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 976KZ UT WOS:000306584900008 ER PT J AU Elliott, HA Henney, CJ McComas, DJ Smith, CW Vasquez, BJ AF Elliott, H. A. Henney, C. J. McComas, D. J. Smith, C. W. Vasquez, B. J. TI Temporal and radial variation of the solar wind temperature-speed relationship SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; PROTON TEMPERATURE; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; PICKUP PROTONS; ION TAIL; PLASMA; INTERSTELLAR; VELOCITY; REGIONS AB The solar wind temperature (T) and speed (V) are generally well correlated at similar to 1 AU, except in Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections where this correlation breaks down. We perform a comprehensive analysis of both the temporal and radial variation in the temperature-speed (T-V) relationship of the non-transient wind, and our analysis provides insight into both the causes of the T-V relationship and the sources of the temperature variability. Often at 1 AU the speed-temperature relationship is well represented by a single linear fit over a speed range spanning both the slow and fast wind. However, at times the fast wind from coronal holes can have a different T-V relationship than the slow wind. A good example of this was in 2003 when there was a very large and long-lived outward magnetic polarity coronal hole at low latitudes that emitted wind with speeds as fast as a polar coronal hole. The long-lived nature of the hole made it possible to clearly distinguish that some holes can have a different T-V relationship. In an earlier ACE study, we found that both the compressions and rarefactions T-V curves are linear, but the compression curve is shifted to higher temperatures. By separating compressions and rarefactions prior to determining the radial profiles of the solar wind parameters, the importance of dynamic interactions on the radial evolution of the solar wind parameters is revealed. Although the T-V relationship at 1 AU is often well described by a single linear curve, we find that the T-V relationship continually evolves with distance. Beyond similar to 2.5 AU the differences between the compressions and rarefactions are quite significant and affect the shape of the overall T-V distribution to the point that a simple linear fit no longer describes the distribution well. Since additional heating of the ambient solar wind outside of interaction regions can be associated with Alfvenic fluctuations and the turbulent energy cascade, we also estimate the heating rate radial profile from the solar wind speed and temperature measurements. C1 [Elliott, H. A.; McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Henney, C. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX USA. [Smith, C. W.; Vasquez, B. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Elliott, HA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Bldg 178, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM helliott@swri.edu FU NASA SWEPAM MODA; ACE [NNX08AX25G]; NASA Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator [NNX09AG28G]; NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics SRT [NNX10AC18G]; NSF SHINE [ATM0850705] FX We thank the plasma teams from Ulysses, ACE, Helios, IMP8, and WIND for making their data publicly available, and King and Papitashvili for creating the combined OMNI data set. We also thank the reviewers for their careful review of this paper. The work of Heather A. Elliott and David J. McComas is supported by the NASA SWEPAM MO&DA in Support of ACE grant NNX08AX25G. Bernard J. Vasquez is supported by NASA Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator grant NNX09AG28G, NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics SR&T grant NNX10AC18G, and NSF SHINE grant ATM0850705 to the University of New Hampshire. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09102 DI 10.1029/2011JA017125 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 007LN UT WOS:000308889900001 ER PT J AU Parker, JE Thomas, RJ Morisson, D Brancaleon, L AF Parker, James E. Thomas, Robert J. Morisson, Dayla Brancaleon, Lorenzo TI Combination of Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Docking Simulations to Study the Nonspecific Binding of a Free-Base Porphyrin to a Globular Protein SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BOVINE BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; TANFORD TRANSITION; NICKEL PORPHINE; FORCE-FIELD; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; MODEL; TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN; FERROCHELATASE; HEMOGLOBIN AB Understanding the conformational changes induced by small ligands noncovalently bound to proteins is a central problem in biophysics. We focus on the binding location of the water-soluble porphyrin, meso-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin, to a globular protein, beta-lactoglobulin, which has been observed to partially unfold when irradiated by laser light. Identifying the binding location is necessary to determine the mechanism of action as well as the atoms and residues involved in the photoinduced partial unfolding. Such atomic details are typically investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance or X-ray crystallography. However, for biomolecules in solution at the low concentrations (mu M) required to deliver uniform laser irradiation, these traditional techniques do not currently provide sufficient information, and one must rely upon less direct spectroscopic methods. We describe a method that uses resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) to select the most likely binding configuration among a set of solutions yielded by computational docking algorithms. This methodology may be generalized to use with other ligand-protein complexes where the ligand structure is amenable to DFT simulations. C1 [Parker, James E.; Brancaleon, Lorenzo] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Parker, James E.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Morisson, Dayla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Brancaleon, L (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM lorenzo.brancaleon@utsa.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Division [FA8650-07-D-6800, FA8650-08-D-6930]; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Army Research Laboratory, DoD Supercomputing Resource Center; National Institutes of Health (National Center for Research Resources) [2P41RR001081]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [9P41GM103311] FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Gary Noojin and Mr. David Stolarski in the developing, aligning, and calibrating of the laser and optical setup for the Raman spectroscopy apparatus and Mr. Larry Est lack for his help with protein sample preparation. We also acknowledge the use of the facilities at the Air Force Research Laboratory in conducting the Raman spectroscopy studies. Funding was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Division, through contract number FA8650-07-D-6800 (to J.E.P.) and contract number FA8650-08-D-6930 (to L.B.). This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Army Research Laboratory, DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. Molecular graphics and analyses were performed with the UCSF Chimera package. Chimera is developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco, with support from the National Institutes of Health (National Center for Research Resources grant 2P41RR001081, National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant 9P41GM103311). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 36 BP 11032 EP 11040 DI 10.1021/jp304310z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 003SI UT WOS:000308631200008 PM 22889017 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Li, Q Si, WD Maiorov, B Haugan, TJ MacManus-Driscoll, JL Yao, H Jia, QX Specht, ED AF Solovyov, Vyacheslav F. Li, Qiang Si, Weidong Maiorov, Boris Haugan, Timothy J. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. Yao, H. Jia, Q. X. Specht, E. D. TI Influence of defect-induced biaxial strain on flux pinning in thick YBa2Cu3O7 layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTOR YBA2CU4O8; CRITICAL CURRENTS; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; GROWTH; FIELD AB This work reports a detailed structural study by synchrotron x-ray diffraction of several sets of thick YBa2Cu3O7 layers. The samples represent recent advances in flux-pinning design, containing various concentrations of artificial pinning centers: (i) BaZrO3 nanorods, (ii) BaZrO3 nanoparticles, and (iii) Y2O3 nanoparticles. A statistical analysis was performed in order to separate the effects of defect-induced and intrinsic pinning. We report a statistically significant correlation between the orthorhombic distortion of the YBCO matrix and the pinning strength. Our result implies that the in-plane ordering of oxygen ions in the chain positions accounts for approximately 60% of the pinning force. The strain-induced pinning mechanism analysis, based on the Eshelby model of elastically strained composites, predicts that small YBCO grain size is a critical component of a strong pinning architecture that can enable critical current density values approaching the depairing limit. C1 [Solovyov, Vyacheslav F.; Li, Qiang; Si, Weidong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maiorov, Boris; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Haugan, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Yao, H.] Soochow Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. [Specht, E. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC0298CH10886]; U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The work at Brookhaven Lab was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886. Q. L., W. D. S, and V. F. S. were supported of U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. E. D. S was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors. B. M. was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, and Q.X.J. performed the work, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and National Synchrotron Light Source (Beamline X-18A), Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors appreciate help of Steven Ehrlich of NSLS during the X-18A beamline experiments and Ivo Dimitrov for suggestions. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 9 AR 094511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.094511 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 003VP UT WOS:000308639800002 ER PT J AU Lee, KM White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. TI Photochemical Mechanism and Photothermal Considerations in the Mechanical Response of Monodomain, Azobenzene-Functionalized Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; LIGHT; FILMS; ACTUATORS; BEHAVIOR; DRIVEN AB The potential for wireless transduction of input light energy into mechanical outputs has led to a reinvigorated pursuit of photomechanical effects in polymeric materials and composites. We report here on factors influencing the photochemical mechanism (and thus the mechanical output) in monodomain azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks. Through systematic examination of a representative material with both mechanics and spectroscopic characterization the prevalence of the trans-cis and trans-cis-trans mechanisms is elucidated. Furthermore, the role of light intensity in generating heat (photothermal effects) is also reported. C1 [White, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Leo Gonzalez for allowing us to use the infrared camera and Brandon Lynch for assistance in collecting portions of the absorption data. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 17 BP 7163 EP 7170 DI 10.1021/ma301337e PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 009GM UT WOS:000309014000044 ER PT J AU Paul, R Voevodin, AA Zemlyanov, D Roy, AK Fisher, TS AF Paul, Rajib Voevodin, Andrey A. Zemlyanov, Dimitry Roy, Ajit K. Fisher, Timothy S. TI Microwave-Assisted Surface Synthesis of a Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen Foam and its Desorption Enthalpy SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE porous materials; carbon; energy materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BCN FILMS; NITRIDE; NANOTUBES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES; EVAPORATION; COMPOSITES; NANOSHEETS AB The modification of microporous carbon foam with boron and nitrogen through a facile microwave chemical treatment are reported. The resulting surfaces of the foam exhibit distinct BN and carbon domains based on chemical and microscopic analysis, in keeping with theoretical predictions. The resultant materials are shown to exhibit exceptionally high methanol desorption enthalpy and thermal stability in comparison to untreated carbon foam and consequently are suggested as candidate materials for sorption cooling and thermal storage applications using methanol as the adsorbate. C1 [Paul, Rajib; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Zemlyanov, Dimitry; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnolgy Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.; Roy, Ajit K.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnolgy Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures FX The authors are thankful to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison), for financial support in this work. The authors are also grateful to Dr. K. L. Strong, Dr. P. Shamberger and Dr. S. Ganguli, AFRL for their advice. Thanks are due to Prof. R. B. Pipes and C. R. Misiego of Chem. Engg., Purdue University for their excellent help in the DSC and TGA study. The authors are thankful to all the Birck Nanotechnology Center staff for their assistance and cooperation. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 95 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 17 BP 3682 EP 3690 DI 10.1002/adfm.201200325 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 999QR UT WOS:000308329800019 ER PT J AU Tyler, TP Shastry, TA Leever, BJ Hersam, MC AF Tyler, Timothy P. Shastry, Tejas A. Leever, Benjamin J. Hersam, Mark C. TI Narrow Diameter Distributions of Metallic Arc Discharge Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Dual-Iteration Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; density gradient ultra-centrifugation; separation; purification; transparent conductors; optoelectronic ID THIN-FILMS; TRANSPARENT; SEPARATION C1 [Tyler, Timothy P.; Shastry, Tejas A.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Tyler, Timothy P.; Shastry, Tejas A.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res ANSER Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hersam, MC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Dept Med, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@wpafb.af.mil; m-hersam@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009 FU ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059]; NSF-MRSEC [DMR-1121262] FX We thank J.-W. T. Seo for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DE-SC0001059. Electrical measurements were performed in the Northwestern University Charge Transport Laboratory, which is supported by the NSF-MRSEC (DMR-1121262). NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 51 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 35 BP 4765 EP 4768 DI 10.1002/adma.201201728 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 000PL UT WOS:000308399000021 PM 22833215 ER PT J AU Long, BD Li, YB Mandal, S Jha, R Leedy, K AF Long, Branden Li, Yibo Mandal, Saptarshi Jha, Rashmi Leedy, Kevin TI Switching dynamics and charge transport studies of resistive random access memory devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RRAM AB We report the switching dynamics and charge transport studies on Ru/HfO2/TiOx/Ru resistive random access memory devices in low resistance state (LRS), high resistance state (FIRS), and virgin resistance state (VRS). The charge transport in LRS is governed by Ohmic conduction of electrons through local filamentary paths while it is governed by a combination of Frenkel-Poole emission and trap assisted tunneling process in HRS and VRS. The area of the filament in LRS is extracted and related to the compliance current. The thickness of the re-oxidized filament is extracted and related to the reset voltage in HRS. The energy consumed during the reset process was analyzed on the time-scale to experimentally demonstrate joule-heating mediated oxidation dynamics of filament during device reset. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749809] C1 [Long, Branden; Li, Yibo; Mandal, Saptarshi; Jha, Rashmi] Univ Toledo, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Leedy, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jha, R (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Rashmi.jha@utoledo.edu FU National Science Foundation [1125743] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125743. Metrology was performed at Midwest MicroDevices LLC, Toledo, Ohio. We would like to acknowledge the staff for their help. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113503 DI 10.1063/1.4749809 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 013TR UT WOS:000309329300084 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Petrie, GJD Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Petrie, G. J. D. Ling, A. G. TI ABRUPT CHANGES OF THE PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD IN ACTIVE REGIONS AND THE IMPULSIVE PHASE OF SOLAR FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; Sun: flares; Sun: photosphere ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; 2011 FEBRUARY 15; X-CLASS FLARES; RAPID CHANGES; ENERGY-RELEASE; ALFVEN WAVES; X2.2 FLARE; TRANSIENTS; IMAGER; LOOPS AB We compared time profiles of changes of the unsigned photospheric magnetic flux in active regions with those of their associated soft X-ray (SXR) bursts for a sample of 75 >= M5 flares well observed by Global Oscillation Network Group longitudinal magnetographs. Sixty-six of these events had stepwise changes in the spatially integrated unsigned flux during the SXR flares. In superposed epoch plots for these 66 events, there is a sharp increase in the unsigned magnetic flux coincident with the onset of the flare impulsive phase while the end of the stepwise change corresponds to the time of peak SXR emission. We substantiated this result with a histogram-based comparison of the timing of flux steps (onset, midpoint of step, and end) for representative points in the flaring regions with their associated SXR event time markers (flare onset, onset of impulsive phase, time of peak logarithmic derivative, maximum). On an individual event basis, the principal part of the stepwise magnetic flux change occurred during the main rise phase of the SXR burst (impulsive phase onset to SXR peak) for similar to 60% of the 66 cases. We find a close timing agreement between magnetic flux steps and > 100 keV emission for the three largest hard X-ray (> 100 keV) bursts in our sample. These results identify the abrupt changes in photospheric magnetic fields as an impulsive phase phenomenon and indicate that the coronal magnetic field changes that drive flares are rapidly transmitted to the photosphere. C1 [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Petrie, G. J. D.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. FU AFOSR [2301RDA3]; AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX E.W.C. acknowledges support from AFOSR Task 2301RDA3 and A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. We thank the referee for helpful comments. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 756 IS 2 AR 144 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/144 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009TN UT WOS:000309048200040 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG Belov, A Yashiro, S AF Cliver, E. W. Ling, A. G. Belov, A. Yashiro, S. TI SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SOLAR FLARES AND SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: X-rays, gamma-rays ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; X-RAY FLARES; PROTON EVENTS; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS; SPECTRA; ACCELERATION; FLUXES; CYCLES AB We suggest that the flatter size distribution of solar energetic proton (SEP) events relative to that of flare soft X-ray (SXR) events is primarily due to the fact that SEP flares are an energetic subset of all flares. Flares associated with gradual SEP events are characteristically accompanied by fast (>= 1000 km s(-1)) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive coronal/interplanetary shock waves. For the 1996-2005 interval, the slopes (alpha values) of power-law size distributions of the peak 1-8 angstrom fluxes of SXR flares associated with (a) >10 MeV SEP events (with peak fluxes >= 1 pr cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1)) and (b) fast CMEs were similar to 1.3-1.4 compared to similar to 1.2 for the peak proton fluxes of >10 MeV SEP events and similar to 2 for the peak 1-8 angstrom fluxes of all SXR flares. The difference of similar to 0.15 between the slopes of the distributions of SEP events and SEP SXR flares is consistent with the observed variation of SEP event peak flux with SXR peak flux. C1 [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Belov, A.] IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. [Yashiro, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yashiro, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. FU AFOSR Task [2301RDZ4]; AFRL contract [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX E.W.C. thanks Karel Schrijver and Jurg Beer for organizing a series of stimulating ISSI workshops on Extreme Solar Events. We thank Hugh Hudson and Karel Schrijver for helpful comments on the manuscript. E.W.C. was supported under AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4 and A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 756 IS 2 AR L29 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/756/2/L29 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 006CH UT WOS:000308796500005 ER PT J AU Harper, JC Edwards, TL Savage, T Harbaugh, S Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO Brinker, CJ Brozik, SM AF Harper, Jason C. Edwards, Thayne L. Savage, Travis Harbaugh, Svetlana Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. Brinker, C. Jeffrey Brozik, Susan M. TI Orthogonal Cell-Based Biosensing: Fluorescent, Electrochemical, and Colorimetric Detection with Silica-Immobilized Cellular Communities Integrated with an ITO-Glass/Plastic Laminate Cartridge SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE cell encapsulation; lab-on-a-chip devices; orthogonal biodetection; sol-gel materials; whole cell-based biosensors ID PRUSSIAN BLUE; MICROBIAL BIOSENSORS; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY; REDUCTION; SENSOR; FILMS AB This is the first report of a living cell-based environmental sensing device capable of generating orthogonal fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric signals in response to a single target analyte in complex media. Orthogonality is enabled by use of cellular communities that are engineered to provide distinct signals in response to the model analyte. Coupling these three signal transduction methods provides additional and/or complementary data regarding the sample which may reduce the impact of interferants and increase confidence in the sensor's output. Long-term stability of the cells was addressed via 3D entrapment within a nanostructured matrix derived from glycerated silicate, which allows the device to be sealed and stored under dry, ambient conditions for months with significant retention in cellular activity and viability (40% viability after 60 days). Furthermore, the first co-entrapment of eukaryotic and bacterial cells in a silica matrix is reported, demonstrating multianalyte biodetection by mixing disparate cell lines at intimate proximities which remain viable and responsive. These advances in cell-based biosensing open intriguing opportunities for integrating living cells with nanomaterials and macroscale systems. C1 [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Harbaugh, Svetlana; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harper, Jason C.; Edwards, Thayne L.; Brozik, Susan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sandia Natl Labs, 1001 Univ Blvd SE,Ste 100, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov; smbrozi@sandia.gov FU Defense Treat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Chem. Bio. Basic Research Program [B084467I, B094732I, B0114453I]; Sandia Lab Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-10-1-0054]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office for Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA-22]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Dr. David R. Wheeler (Sandia National Labs) for the concept and initial synthesis of the poly(glycerol) silicate. This work was funded by the Defense Treat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Chem. Bio. Basic Research Program (grants B084467I, B094732I, B0114453I), and the Sandia Lab Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. CJB acknowledges funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA 9550-10-1-0054, and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. SMB acknowledges funding from the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office for Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22). Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 17 BP 2743 EP 2751 DI 10.1002/smll.201200343 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 999IR UT WOS:000308303600018 PM 22684922 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Barnard, KJ AF Hardie, Russell C. Barnard, Kenneth J. TI Fast super-resolution using an adaptive Wiener filter with robustness to local motion SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM AB We present a new adaptive Wiener filter (AWF) super-resolution (SR) algorithm that employs a global background motion model but is also robust to limited local motion. The AWF relies on registration to populate a common high resolution (HR) grid with samples from several frames. A weighted sum of local samples is then used to perform nonuniform interpolation and image restoration simultaneously. To achieve accurate subpixel registration, we employ a global background motion model with relatively few parameters that can be estimated accurately. However, local motion may be present that includes moving objects, motion parallax, or other deviations from the background motion model. In our proposed robust approach, pixels from frames other than the reference that are inconsistent with the background motion model are detected and excluded from populating the HR grid. Here we propose and compare several local motion detection algorithms. We also propose a modified multiscale background registration method that incorporates pixel selection at each scale to minimize the impact of local motion. We demonstrate the efficacy of the new robust SR methods using several datasets, including airborne infrared data with moving vehicles and a ground resolution pattern for objective resolution analysis. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Barnard, Kenneth J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYMT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardie, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM rhardie@udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-06-2-1081, FA8650-06D-1078-0004] FX This work is supported in part under Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) contract number FA8650-06-2-1081. The airborne data have been collected under AFRL contract FA8650-06D-1078-0004. The authors would like to thank Dr. Michael Eismann and Mark A. Bicknell for their support of the project. Thanks also to Dr. Raul Ordonez for helpful conversations and Dr. Frank O. Baxley for leading the flight data acquisition effort and providing the MWIR data used here. Engineers from General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems and the University of Dayton Research Institute, including Patrick C. Hytla, Joseph C. French, and Phil Detweiler, configured the MWIR system and NASA Glenn Research Center provided flight support. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 19 BP 21053 EP 21073 DI 10.1364/OE.20.021053 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007CE UT WOS:000308865600049 PM 23037229 ER PT J AU Zeringue, C Dajani, I Naderi, S Moore, GT Robin, C AF Zeringue, Clint Dajani, Iyad Naderi, Shadi Moore, Gerald T. Robin, Craig TI A theoretical study of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers seeded with phase-modulated light SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; AMPLIFIER; SUPPRESSION; INITIATION; NOISE; KW AB Beam combining of phase-modulated kilowatt fiber amplifiers has generated considerable interest recently. We describe in the time domain how stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is generated in an optical fiber under phase-modulated laser conditions, and we analyze different phase modulation techniques. The temporal and spatial evolutions of the acoustic phonon, laser, and Stokes fields are determined by solving the coupled three-wave interaction system. Numerical accuracy is verified through agreement with the analytical solution for the un-modulated case and through the standard photon conservation relation for counter-propagating optical fields. As a test for a modulated laser, a sinusoidal phase modulation is examined for a broad range of modulation amplitudes and frequencies. We show that, at high modulation frequencies, our simulations agree with the analytical results obtained from decomposing the optical power into its frequency components. At low modulation frequencies, there is a significant departure due to the appreciable cross talk among the laser and Stokes sidebands. We also examine SBS suppression for a white noise source and show significant departures for short fibers from analytically derived formulas. Finally, SBS suppression through the application of pseudo-random bit sequence modulation is examined for various patterns. It is shown that for a fiber length of 9 m the patterns at or near n = 7 provide the best mitigation of SBS with suppression factors approaching 17 dB at a modulation frequency of 5 GHz. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Dajani, Iyad; Naderi, Shadi; Moore, Gerald T.; Robin, Craig] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdla.org.mbx@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We would like to thank Dr. Arje Nachman of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for funding this effort and Dr. Joshua Rothenberg from Northrop Grumman for helpful discussions. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 19 BP 21196 EP 21213 DI 10.1364/OE.20.021196 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007CE UT WOS:000308865600063 PM 23037244 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, A Spottswood, SM Wang, XQ Mignolet, MP AF Chaudhary, Aakarsh Spottswood, S. Michael Wang, X. Q. Mignolet, Marc P. TI Estimation of time to stationarity in geometrically nonlinear structural responses SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID REDUCED-ORDER MODELS AB The determination of the time to stationarity is defined here through the convergence, to its stationary limit, of the nonstationary variance. This function is estimated through Monte Carlo simulations and a two-step, autoregressive-based modeling approach is employed to minimize the effects of randomness introduced by the limited number of simulations that can be carried out. The methodology is applied extensively to nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom models but is also demonstrated on 8-mode reduced order models of clamped-clamped straight and curved beams. In the latter case, it is found that the time to stationarity is strongly dependent on the excitation level, i.e. varying from one case to another by a factor at least larger than 4, thereby emphasizing the interest in estimating it beforehand. It is finally shown that the single-degree-of-freedom results tabulated here may be used for these reduced order models to obtain a first estimate of the time to stationarity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaudhary, Aakarsh; Wang, X. Q.; Mignolet, Marc P.] Arizona State Univ, Fac Mech Engn, SEMTE, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chaudhary, Aakarsh; Wang, X. Q.; Mignolet, Marc P.] Arizona State Univ, Fac Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Spottswood, S. Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mignolet, MP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Fac Mech Engn, SEMTE, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM aakarsh.chaudhary@asu.edu; stephen.spottswood@wpafb.af.mil; xiaoquan.wang.1@asu.edu; marc.mignolet@asu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 331 IS 19 BP 4359 EP 4372 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.03.038 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 980HM UT WOS:000306884200010 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zesta, E Lyons, LR Xing, X Angelopoulos, V Donovan, E McCready, MA Heinselman, CJ AF Shi, Yong Zesta, Eftyhia Lyons, L. R. Xing, X. Angelopoulos, V. Donovan, E. McCready, M. A. Heinselman, C. J. TI Multipoint observations of substorm pre-onset flows and time sequence in the ionosphere and magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLEWARD BOUNDARY INTENSIFICATIONS; HIGH-SPEED FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; CURRENT DISRUPTION; RECONNECTION; ONSET; FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL; TAIL; ASSOCIATION AB In this paper, we use a rare and close longitudinal conjunction of the THEMIS spacecraft with the Sondrestrom radar to present multipoint observations of important features of the time sequence of substorm pre-onset plasma flows in the ionosphere and magnetotail on March 5, 2008. We found that the onset was preceded sequentially by enhanced polar cap flows heading equatorward near the polar cap boundary, and then by tail fast flows from the mid-tail to the near-Earth region. We also observed in situ fluctuations in short-period Pi2 band (similar to 30-50 s) in both the magnetic field and plasma pressure during the initial couple of min of the fast flows, occurring nearly simultaneously with the dipolarization and the fast flows and propagating earthward. Our results suggest that these fluctuations may be triggered by the fast flows, and may play an important role in the substorm onset process. Our event suggests that localized tail reconnection may be triggered by the enhanced polar cap flows, though the reconnection location cannot be unambiguously determined. Earthward fast flows are generated as a result of the tail reconnection and reach the inner magnetosphere to initiate the substorm onset. The presented case is consistent with that predicted by the Nishimura et al. (2010a) scenario. C1 [Shi, Yong; Lyons, L. R.; Xing, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zesta, Eftyhia] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Donovan, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [McCready, M. A.; Heinselman, C. J.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yongshi@atmos.ucla.edu OI Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0639312, ATM-0646233]; NASA [NNX09AI06G, NNX10AL30G, NNG05GE24G, NAS5-02099, NNH09AL23I] FX This work was supported in part at UCLA by National Science Foundation grants ATM-0639312 and ATM-0646233 and NASA grants NNX09AI06G, NNX10AL30G and NNG05GE24G and NASA contract NAS5-02099. At AFRL the work was supported in part by NASA grant NNH09AL23I. We thank S. Mende, and H. Frey for use of the THEMIS ASI data and the CSA for logistical support in fielding and data retrieval from the GBO stations. The authors are grateful to the CARISMA network and the INTERMAGNET for the using of the magnetometer data. YS would like to thanks A. Runov at IGPP UCLA for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09203 DI 10.1029/2011JA017185 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 030AR UT WOS:000310540500001 ER PT J AU Whitworth, WC Hamilton, LR Goodwin, DJ Barrera, C West, KB Racster, L Daniels, LJ Chuke, SO Campbell, BH Bohanon, J Jaffar, AT Drane, W Maserang, D Mazurek, GH AF Whitworth, William C. Hamilton, Lanette R. Goodwin, Donald J. Barrera, Carlos West, Kevin B. Racster, Laura Daniels, Laura J. Chuke, Stella O. Campbell, Brandon H. Bohanon, Jamaria Jaffar, Atheer T. Drane, Wanzer Maserang, David Mazurek, Gerald H. TI Within-Subject Interlaboratory Variability of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Tests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA RESPONSES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RELEASE ASSAYS; REPRODUCIBILITY; CONVERSIONS; GUIDELINES; AGREEMENT AB Background: The QuantiFERON (R)-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) is a viable alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, within-subject variability may limit test utility. To assess variability, we compared results from the same subjects when QFT-GIT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed in different laboratories. Methods: Subjects were recruited at two sites and blood was tested in three labs. Two labs used the same type of automated ELISA workstation, 8-point calibration curves, and electronic data transfer. The third lab used a different automated ELISA workstation, 4-point calibration curves, and manual data entry. Variability was assessed by interpretation agreement and comparison of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) measurements. Data for subjects with discordant interpretations or discrepancies in TB Response >0.05 IU/mL were verified or corrected, and variability was reassessed using a reconciled dataset. Results: Ninety-seven subjects had results from three labs. Eleven (11.3%) had discordant interpretations and 72 (74.2%) had discrepancies >0.05 IU/mL using unreconciled results. After correction of manual data entry errors for 9 subjects, and exclusion of 6 subjects due to methodological errors, 7 (7.7%) subjects were discordant. Of these, 6 (85.7%) had all TB Responses within 0.25 IU/mL of the manufacturer's recommended cutoff. Non-uniform error of measurement was observed, with greater variation in higher IFN-gamma measurements. Within-subject standard deviation for TB Response was as high as 0.16 IU/mL, and limits of agreement ranged from -0.46 to 0.43 IU/mL for subjects with mean TB Response within 0.25 IU/mL of the cutoff. Conclusion: Greater interlaboratory variability was associated with manual data entry and higher IFN-gamma measurements. Manual data entry should be avoided. Because variability in measuring TB Response may affect interpretation, especially near the cutoff, consideration should be given to developing a range of values near the cutoff to be interpreted as "borderline," rather than negative or positive. C1 [Whitworth, William C.; Daniels, Laura J.; Chuke, Stella O.; Campbell, Brandon H.; Mazurek, Gerald H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hamilton, Lanette R.; Barrera, Carlos] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Goodwin, Donald J.; Racster, Laura; Bohanon, Jamaria; Jaffar, Atheer T.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Serv Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [West, Kevin B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Reid Clin, Dept Occupat Med TB Prevent Deployment Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Daniels, Laura J.; Bohanon, Jamaria; Jaffar, Atheer T.] CDC Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chuke, Stella O.] Northrop Grumman Informat Syst Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Drane, Wanzer] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Maserang, David] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Appl Technol Ctr, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Whitworth, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcw2@cdc.gov FU United States Air Force (USAF) FX The United States Air Force (USAF) funded this study as part of a larger project assessing reproducibility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests. The USAF and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed the study design, data collection methods, and analysis plans prior to approval. The USAF, U. S. Army, and CDC cleared the manuscript for publication according to established guidelines. No outside funders had a role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e43790 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0043790 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 001KC UT WOS:000308458400019 PM 22970142 ER PT J AU Miri, MA Aceves, AB Kottos, T Kovanis, V Christodoulides, DN AF Miri, Mohammad-Ali Aceves, Alejandro B. Kottos, Tsampikos Kovanis, Vassilios Christodoulides, Demetrios N. TI Bragg solitons in nonlinear PT-symmetric periodic potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICES; GRATINGS; SPECTRA AB It is shown that slow Bragg soliton solutions are possible in nonlinear complex parity-time (PT) symmetric periodic structures. Analysis indicates that the PT-symmetric component of the periodic optical refractive index can modify the grating band structure and hence the effective coupling between the forward and backward waves. Starting from a classical modified massive Thirring model, solitary wave solutions are obtained in closed form. The basic properties of these slow solitary waves and their dependence on their respective PT-symmetric gain-loss profile are then explored via numerical simulations. C1 [Miri, Mohammad-Ali; Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Aceves, Alejandro B.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miri, MA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Miri, Mohammad-Ali/F-8202-2012 FU AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0561, FA 9550-10-1-0433]; AFORS [FA 9550-12-1-0148]; NSF [ECCS-1128571]; AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR]; OSD Metamaterials Insert FX This research was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA 9550-10-1-0561, by AFOSR Grant No. FA 9550-10-1-0433, by AFORS Grant No. FA 9550-12-1-0148, and by NSF Grant No. ECCS-1128571. V.K.'s work was supported via AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR and via the OSD Metamaterials Insert. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 033801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.033801 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 999CL UT WOS:000308286600016 ER PT J AU Kernion, SJ Ohodnicki, PR Grossmann, J Leary, A Shen, S Keylin, V Huth, JF Horwath, J Lucas, MS McHenry, ME AF Kernion, Samuel J. Ohodnicki, Paul. R., Jr. Grossmann, Jane Leary, Alex Shen, Shen Keylin, Vladimir Huth, Joseph F. Horwath, John Lucas, Matthew S. McHenry, Michael E. TI Giant induced magnetic anisotropy In strain annealed Co-based nanocomposite alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURALLY HETEROGENEOUS MODEL; EXTRINSIC MAGNETOSTRICTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FE-GA; KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; HITPERM; ORIGIN AB Low loss switching of soft magnetic materials at high frequencies benefits from tuning the induced anisotropy. We show induced anisotropies, K-u, as large as 1.89 x 10(4) J/m(3), developed by strain annealing of Co-rich nanocomposite alloys. Crystalline phases in this alloy system have large negative magnetostrictive coefficients, leading to anisotropy fields per unit stress over twice those developed in FINEMET. Tunable permeability and reduced thicknesses achieved in this process can mitigate eddy-current losses. Giant induced magnetic anisotropies are discussed in light of models for the micromechanisms of amorphous metal deformation, stress-assisted transformations in the crystallites, and directional pair ordering. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751253] C1 [Kernion, Samuel J.; Ohodnicki, Paul. R., Jr.; Grossmann, Jane; Leary, Alex; Shen, Shen; McHenry, Michael E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ohodnicki, Paul. R., Jr.] NETL, Chem & Surface Sci Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Keylin, Vladimir; Huth, Joseph F.] Magnetics, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. [Horwath, John; Lucas, Matthew S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, Matthew S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Kernion, SJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sam.kernion@gmail.com; mm7g@andrew.cmu.edu RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Shen, Shen/B-9065-2014 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-08-2-0024] FX S.J.K. and M. E. M. gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Laboratory through Cooperative Agreement W911NF-08-2-0024. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 10 AR 102408 DI 10.1063/1.4751253 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 010CT UT WOS:000309072800041 ER PT J AU Look, DC Droubay, TC Chambers, SA AF Look, D. C. Droubay, T. C. Chambers, S. A. TI Stable highly conductive ZnO via reduction of Zn vacancies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; AL-DOPED ZNO; OXIDE AB Growth of Ga-doped ZnO by pulsed laser deposition at 200 degrees C in an ambient of Ar and H-2 produces a resistivity of 1.5 x 10(-4) Omega-cm, stable to 500 degrees C. The resistivity can be further reduced to 1.2 x 10(-4) Omega-cm by annealing on Zn foil, which reduces the compensating Zn-vacancy acceptor concentration N-A to 5 x 10(19) cm(-3), only 3% of the Ga-donor concentration N-D of 1.6 x 10(21) cm(-3), with ND and NA determined from a degenerate mobility theory. The plasmon-resonance wavelength is only 1060 nm, further bridging the gap between metals and semiconductors. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748869] C1 [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Droubay, T. C.; Chambers, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46389]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR-080-3276]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [10122]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX We wish to thank T. A. Cooper and W. Rice for technical assistance and B. Claflin for helpful discussions. Support of D. C. L. is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46389 (R. Kortan), AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (J. Hwang), NSF Grant DMR-080-3276 (C. Ying), and AFRL Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich). This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award number 10122, and was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 56 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 10 AR 102101 DI 10.1063/1.4748869 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 010CT UT WOS:000309072800027 ER PT J AU Kim, D Leve, FA Fitz-Coy, NG Dixon, WE AF Kim, Dohee Leve, Frederick A. Fitz-Coy, Norman G. Dixon, Warren E. TI New Startup Method Using Internal Momentum Management of Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDE-CONTROL; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; SINGULARITY ANALYSIS; STEERING LOGIC; GYRO SYSTEMS; SPACECRAFT; SATELLITE; AGILE; CMGS; LAWS AB An initial startup method for a spacecraft actuated by a pyramidal arrangement of variable-speed control moment gyroscopes is developed. The method provides closed-loop internal momentum tracking control to enable the flywheels to start from rest and reach desired wheel speeds. The proposed controller functioning as a variable-speed control moment gyroscope steering law is developed in terms of the gimbal rates and the flywheel accelerations, which are weighted by a singularity measure. Specifically, using null motion, a strategy is developed to simultaneously perform gimbal reconfiguration for singularity avoidance and internal momentum management for flywheel startup. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is used to prove asymptotic attitude tracking and exponential internal momentum tracking despite the effects of uncertain, time-varying satellite inertia properties and uncertain actuator inertia properties. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the adaptive controller as a variable-speed control moment gyroscope steering law. C1 [Kim, Dohee; Fitz-Coy, Norman G.; Dixon, Warren E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Leve, Frederick A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015; OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X; Leve, Frederick/0000-0001-7661-2191 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1482 DI 10.2514/1.55984 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 082FY UT WOS:000314378900009 ER PT J AU Pinilla, V Solano, JP Paniagua, G Anthony, RJ AF Pinilla, V. Solano, J. P. Paniagua, G. Anthony, R. J. TI Adiabatic Wall Temperature Evaluation in a High Speed Turbine SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE thin film gauges; gas turbine; convective heat transfer ID REPRESENTATIVE FLOW CONDITIONS; HEAT-TRANSFER GAUGES; TIP CASING WALL; STATIC PRESSURE AB Engine development requires accurate estimates of the heat loads. Estimates of the convective heat fluxes are particularly vital to assess the thermomechanical integrity of the turbomachinery components. This paper reports an experimental heat transfer research in a one and a half turbine stage, composed of a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure vane. Measurements were performed in a compression tube facility at the von Karman Institute, able to reproduce engine representative Reynolds and Mach numbers. Double-layered thin film gauges were used to monitor the time-dependent temperature distribution around the airfoil. Several tests at different metal temperatures were performed to derive the adiabatic wall temperature. This research allowed quantifying the independent effects on the unsteady heat flux of the gas temperature fluctuations and boundary layer unsteadiness. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006313] C1 [Pinilla, V.; Solano, J. P.; Paniagua, G.] von Karman Inst Fluid Dynam, Turbomachinery & Prop Dept, B-1640 Rhode St Genese, Belgium. [Anthony, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paniagua, G (reprint author), von Karman Inst Fluid Dynam, Turbomachinery & Prop Dept, Chaussee Waterloo 72, B-1640 Rhode St Genese, Belgium. EM gpaniagua@me.com RI Paniagua, Guillermo/B-5295-2013; Paniagua, Guillermo/C-5285-2015 OI Paniagua, Guillermo/0000-0002-2437-4045; Paniagua, Guillermo/0000-0002-2437-4045 FU European Commission FX The authors would like to thank Tolga Yasa and Sergio Lavagnoli for their valuable assistance in the test campaign. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission and industrial manufacturers that participated in the Project Turbine Aero-Thermal External Flows 2, coordinated by Snecma. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2012 VL 134 IS 9 AR 091601 DI 10.1115/1.4006313 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 068CT UT WOS:000313342800003 ER EF