FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Resilient Controls for Ordering Uncertain Prospects Change and Response Introduction SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600002 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Actuator Failure Accommodation in Risk-Averse Feedback Control SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 7 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600003 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Resilient Controls for Ordering Uncertain Prospects Change and Response Preface SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP VII EP VIII D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 2 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600001 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Towards a Risk Sensitivity and Game-Theoretic Approach of Stochastic Fault-Tolerant Systems SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 27 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600004 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Disturbance Attenuation Problems with Delayed Feedback Measurements SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 49 EP 80 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 32 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600005 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Performance Risk Management in Weakly Coupled Bilinear Stochastic Systems SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 81 EP 99 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600006 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Risk-Averse Control of Weakly Coupled Bilinear Stochastic Systems SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DESIGN C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 101 EP 123 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600007 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Resilient Control of A Class of Uncertain Time-Delay Systems SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 125 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 24 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600008 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Networked Control with Time Delay Measurements and Communications Channel Constraints SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 149 EP 176 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 28 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600009 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Risk-Averse Control of Networked Systems with Compensation of Measurement Delays and Control Rate Constraints SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 177 EP 203 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600010 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BA Pham, KD BF Pham, KD TI Resilient Controls for Ordering Uncertain Prospects Change and Response Epilogue SO RESILIENT CONTROLS FOR ORDERING UNCERTAIN PROSPECTS: CHANGE AND RESPONSE SE Springer Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-3-319-08705-4; 978-3-319-08704-7 J9 SPRINGER OPTIM APPL PY 2014 VL 98 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-08705-4 PG 3 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8RM UT WOS:000347375600011 ER PT S AU Huddleston, LL Roeder, WP Morabito, DD D'Addario, L Morgan, JG Barbre, RE Decker, RK Geldzahler, B Seibert, MA Miller, MJ AF Huddleston, Lisa L. Roeder, William P. Morabito, David D. D'Addario, Larry Morgan, Jennifer G. Barbre, Robert E., Jr. Decker, Ryan K. Geldzahler, Barry Seibert, Marc A. Miller, Michael J. BE Michel, U Schulz, K Ehlers, M Nikolakopoulos, KG Civco, DL TI Remote sensing at the NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Eastern Range: a perspective from the ground up SO EARTH RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING/GIS APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/GIS Applications V CY SEP 23-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Remote sensing; Eastern Range (ER); Kennedy Space Center (KSC); Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) weather; radar; lightning sensors; Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWPs); antenna arrays; atmospheric fluctuations; coherent uplink; phased arrays; adaptive optics; site test interferometers (STIs) AB This paper provides an overview of ground based operational remote sensing activities that enable a broad range of missions at the Eastern Range (ER), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and U.S. Air Force Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). Many types of sensors are in use by KSC and across the ER. We examine remote sensors for winds, lightning and electric fields, precipitation and storm hazards. These sensors provide data that are used in real-time to evaluate launch commit criteria during space launches, major ground processing operations in preparation for space launches, issuing weather warnings/watches/advisories to protect over 25,000 people and facilities worth over $20 billion, and routine weather forecasts. The data from these sensors are archived to focus NASA launch vehicle design studies, to develop forecast techniques, and for incident investigation. The wind sensors include the 50-MHz and 915-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWP) and the Doppler capability of the weather surveillance radars. The atmospheric electricity sensors include lightning aloft detectors, cloud-to-ground lightning detectors, and surface electric field mills. The precipitation and storm hazards sensors include weather surveillance radars. Next, we discuss a new type of remote sensor that may lead to better tracking of near-Earth asteroids versus current capabilities. The Ka Band Objects Observation and Monitoring (KaBOOM) is a phased array of three 12 meter (m) antennas being built as a technology demonstration for a future radar system that could be used to track deep-space objects such as asteroids. Transmissions in the Ka band allow for wider bandwidth than at lower frequencies, but the signals are also far more susceptible to de-correlation from turbulence in the troposphere, as well as attenuation due to water vapor, which is plentiful in the Central Florida atmosphere. If successful, KaBOOM will have served as the pathfinder for a larger and more capable instrument that will enable tracking 15 m asteroids up to 72 million kilometers (km) away, about half the distance to the Sun and five times further than we can track today. Finally, we explore the use of Site Test Interferometers (STI) as atmospheric sensors. The STI antennas continually observe signals emitted by geostationary satellites and produce measurements of the phase difference between the received signals. STIs are usually located near existing or candidate antenna array sites to statistically characterize atmospheric phase delay fluctuation effects for the site. An STI measures the fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric delay from an extraterrestrial source to two or more points on the Earth. There is a three-element STI located at the KaBOOM site at KSC. C1 [Huddleston, Lisa L.; Morgan, Jennifer G.; Seibert, Marc A.; Miller, Michael J.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. [Roeder, William P.] US Air Force, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [Morabito, David D.; D'Addario, Larry] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barbre, Robert E., Jr.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Decker, Ryan K.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Huntsville, AL USA. [Geldzahler, Barry] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Huddleston, LL (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. EM lisa.l.huddleston@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-308-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9245 AR UNSP 924102 DI 10.1117/12.2085784 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9HM UT WOS:000348318200001 ER PT S AU Huddleston, LL Roeder, WP Morabito, DD D'Addario, L Morgan, JG Barbre, RE Deckere, RK Geldzahler, B Seibert, MA Miller, MJ AF Huddleston, Lisa L. Roeder, William P. Morabito, David D. D'Addario, Larry Morgan, Jennifer G. Barbre, Robert E. Deckere, Ryan K. Geldzahler, Barry Seibert, Marc A. Miller, Michael J. BE Huang, B Lopez, S Wu, Z TI Remote sensing at the NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Eastern Range: a perspective from the ground up SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Performance Computing in Remote Sensing IV CY SEP 22-23, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Remote sensing; Eastern Range (ER); Kennedy Space Center (KSC); Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) weather; radar; lightning sensors; Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWPs); antenna arrays; atmospheric fluctuations; coherent uplink; phased arrays; adaptive optics; site test interferometers (STIs) AB This paper provides an overview of ground based operational remote sensing activities that enable a broad range of missions at the Eastern Range (ER), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and U.S. Air Force Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). Many types of sensors are in use by KSC and across the ER. We examine remote sensors for winds, lightning and electric fields, precipitation and storm hazards. These sensors provide data that are used in real-time to evaluate launch commit criteria during space launches, major ground processing operations in preparation for space launches, issuing weather warnings/watches/advisories to protect over 25,000 people and facilities worth over $20 billion, and routine weather forecasts. The data from these sensors are archived to focus NASA launch vehicle design studies, to develop forecast techniques, and for incident investigation. The wind sensors include the 50-MHz and 915-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWP) and the Doppler capability of the weather surveillance radars. The atmospheric electricity sensors include lightning aloft detectors, cloud-to-ground lightning detectors, and surface electric field mills. The precipitation and storm hazards sensors include weather surveillance radars. Next, we discuss a new type of remote sensor that may lead to better tracking of near-Earth asteroids versus current capabilities. The Ka Band Objects Observation and Monitoring (KaBOOM) is a phased array of three 12 meter (m) antennas being built as a technology demonstration for a future radar system that could be used to track deep-space objects such as asteroids. Transmissions in the Ka band allow for wider bandwidth than at lower frequencies, but the signals are also far more susceptible to de-correlation from turbulence in the troposphere, as well as attenuation due to water vapor, which is plentiful in the Central Florida atmosphere. If successful, KaBOOM will have served as the pathfinder for a larger and more capable instrument that will enable tracking 15 m asteroids up to 72 million kilometers (km) away, about half the distance to the Sun and five times further than we can track today. Finally, we explore the use of Site Test Interferometers (STI) as atmospheric sensors. The STI antennas continually observe signals emitted by geostationary satellites and produce measurements of the phase difference between the received signals. STIs are usually located near existing or candidate antenna array sites to statistically characterize atmospheric phase delay fluctuation effects for the site. An STI measures the fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric delay from an extraterrestrial source to two or more points on the Earth. There is a three-element STI located at the KaBOOM site at KSC. C1 [Huddleston, Lisa L.; Morgan, Jennifer G.; Seibert, Marc A.; Miller, Michael J.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Orlando, FL 32815 USA. [Roeder, William P.] United States Air Force, Patrick Air Force Base, Orlando, FL USA. [Morabito, David D.; D'Addario, Larry] CALTECH, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Barbre, Robert E.; Deckere, Ryan K.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Seibert, Marc A.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Huddleston, LL (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Orlando, FL 32815 USA. EM lisa.l.huddleston@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-310-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9247 AR UNSP 924102 DI 10.1117/12.2085784 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9CA UT WOS:000348127200001 ER PT S AU Huddleston, LL Roeder, WP Morabito, DD D'Addario, L Morgan, JG Barbre, RE Decker, RK Geldzahler, B Seibert, MA Miller, MJ AF Huddleston, Lisa L. Roeder, William P. Morabito, David D. D'Addario, Larry Morgan, Jennifer G. Barbre, Robert E., Jr. Decker, Ryan K. Geldzahler, Barry Seibert, Marc A. Miller, Michael J. BE Bruzzone, L Benediktsson, JA Bovolo, F TI Remote sensing at the NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Eastern Range: a perspective from the ground up SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XX CY SEP 22-24, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Remote sensing; Eastern Range (ER); Kennedy Space Center (KSC); Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) weather; radar; lightning sensors; Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWPs); antenna arrays; atmospheric fluctuations; coherent uplink; phased arrays; adaptive optics; site test interferometers (STIs) AB This paper provides an overview of ground based operational remote sensing activities that enable a broad range of missions at the Eastern Range (ER), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and U.S. Air Force Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). Many types of sensors are in use by KSC and across the ER. We examine remote sensors for winds, lightning and electric fields, precipitation and storm hazards. These sensors provide data that are used in real-time to evaluate launch commit criteria during space launches, major ground processing operations in preparation for space launches, issuing weather warnings/watches/advisories to protect over 25,000 people and facilities worth over $20 billion, and routine weather forecasts. The data from these sensors are archived to focus NASA launch vehicle design studies, to develop forecast techniques, and for incident investigation. The wind sensors include the 50-MHz and 915-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWP) and the Doppler capability of the weather surveillance radars. The atmospheric electricity sensors include lightning aloft detectors, cloud-to-ground lightning detectors, and surface electric field mills. The precipitation and storm hazards sensors include weather surveillance radars. Next, we discuss a new type of remote sensor that may lead to better tracking of near-Earth asteroids versus current capabilities. The Ka Band Objects Observation and Monitoring (KaBOOM) is a phased array of three 12 meter (m) antennas being built as a technology demonstration for a future radar system that could be used to track deep-space objects such as asteroids. Transmissions in the Ka band allow for wider bandwidth than at lower frequencies, but the signals are also far more susceptible to de-correlation from turbulence in the troposphere, as well as attenuation due to water vapor, which is plentiful in the Central Florida atmosphere. If successful, KaBOOM will have served as the pathfinder for a larger and more capable instrument that will enable tracking 15 m asteroids up to 72 million kilometers (km) away, about half the distance to the Sun and five times further than we can track today. Finally, we explore the use of Site Test Interferometers (STI) as atmospheric sensors. The STI antennas continually observe signals emitted by geostationary satellites and produce measurements of the phase difference between the received signals. STIs are usually located near existing or candidate antenna array sites to statistically characterize atmospheric phase delay fluctuation effects for the site. An STI measures the fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric delay from an extraterrestrial source to two or more points on the Earth. There is a three-element STI located at the KaBOOM site at KSC. C1 [Huddleston, Lisa L.; Morgan, Jennifer G.; Seibert, Marc A.; Miller, Michael J.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. [Roeder, William P.] United States Air Force, Patrick Air Force Base, Washington, DC USA. [Morabito, David D.; D'Addario, Larry] CALTECH, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Barbre, Robert E., Jr.; Decker, Ryan K.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Geldzahler, Barry] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Huddleston, LL (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. EM lisa.l.huddleston@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-307-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9244 AR UNSP 924102 DI 10.1117/12.2085784 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9CB UT WOS:000348128500001 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Rotondaro, Matthew D. Shaffer, Michael K. Knize, Randall J. BE Titterton, DH Richardson, MA Grasso, RJ Bohn, WL Ackermann, H TI Study of potassium DPAL operation in pulsed and CW mode SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES XI AND HIGH-POWER LASERS 2014: TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures XI and High-Power Lasers - Technology and Systems CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Atomic gas lasers; Lasers; diode-pumped; DPALs ID LASER-DIODE ARRAYS; CESIUM VAPOR LASER; CS LASER; POWER AB This paper presents the results of our experiments on development of the efficient hydrocarbon free Diode Pumped Alkali Laser based on potassium vapor buffered by He gas at 600 Torr. We studied the performance of this laser operating in pulsed mode with pulses up to 5 ms long at different pulse energies and cell temperatures. A slope efficiency of more than 50% was demonstrated with total optical efficiency about 30% for the pump pulses with duration about 30 mu s. For the longer pump pulses the DPAL efficiency degraded in time with a characteristic time in the range from 0.5 ms to 4.5 ms depending on the pump pulse energy and cell temperature. The recorded spectrum of the side fluorescence indicates that multi-photon excitation, energy pooling collisions and ionization may be strong candidates for explaining the observed performance degradation. C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Shaffer, Michael K.; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-314-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9251 AR 92510Y DI 10.1117/12.2074414 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB9CO UT WOS:000348193200027 ER PT S AU Pham, K Pachter, A AF Khanh Pham Pachter, Andmeir BE Vogiatzis, C Walteros, JL Pardalos, PM TI A Risk-Averse Differential Game Approach to Multi-agent Tracking and Synchronization with Stochastic Objects and Command Generators SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGES SE Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Dynamics of Information Systems CY FEB 25-27, 2013 CL Gainesville, FL DE Distributed Control; Performance-Measure Statistics; Downside Performance Risk Measure; Connectivity Graphs; Person-by-Person Decision and Control ID SYSTEMS AB This chapter presents the formulation of a class of distributed stochastic multi-agent systems where local interconnections among cautious and defensive decision makers and/or trackers are supported by connectivity graphs. Associated with autonomous decision makers and/or trackers are finite-horizon performance measures for conflict-free coordination and cohesive object and/or command tracking. The current analysis is limited to the class of distributed linear stochastic systems and measurement subsystems. It is shown that optimal rules for ordering uncertain prospects are feasible for all self-directed decision makers and/or trackers with output-feedback Nash decision making and risk-averse utility functions. C1 [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pachter, Andmeir] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson A F B, OH 45433 USA. RP Pham, K (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-1009 BN 978-3-319-10045-6 J9 SPRINGER P MATH STAT PY 2014 VL 105 BP 21 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-10046-3_2 PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8XI UT WOS:000347781600002 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Pham, K AF Pachter, Meir Pham, Khanh BE Vogiatzis, C Walteros, JL Pardalos, PM TI Informational Issues in Decentralized Control SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGES SE Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Dynamics of Information Systems CY FEB 25-27, 2013 CL Gainesville, FL DE Decentralized Control; Game Theory; Witsenhausen's Problem ID WITSENHAUSEN COUNTEREXAMPLE AB The long-standing decentralized optimal control problem posed by Witsenhausen is analyzed and the underlying modeling issues are discussed. The strong connection to communication theory is highlighted. Informational aspects are emphasized and it is shown that, to some extent, Witsenhausen's decentralized optimal control problem is somewhat contrived. C1 [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland A F B, NM 87117 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu; khanh.pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-1009 BN 978-3-319-10045-6 J9 SPRINGER P MATH STAT PY 2014 VL 105 BP 45 EP 76 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-10046-3_3 PG 32 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BB8XI UT WOS:000347781600003 ER PT S AU Jeon, S Wang, M Canteenwala, T Tan, LS Ji, W Cooper, T Chiang, L AF Jeon, Seaho Wang, Min Canteenwala, Taizoon Tan, Loon-Seng Ji, Wei Cooper, Thomas Chiang, Long BE Nunzi, JM TI Synthesis of dual NIR two-photon absorptive [60]fullerenyl multiadducts for nonlinear light-transmittance reduction application SO LIGHT MANIPULATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Manipulating Organic Materials and Devices CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NIR two-photon absorption; C-60-(antenna)(x) nanostructures; broadband NLO nanomaterials; femtosecond light-transmittance reduction ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; C-60; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; TRIADS; TETRADS; ANTENNA; DYADS AB Synthesis of several C-60-(antenna)(x) conjugates was performed to demonstrate high flexibility in the design of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) nanostructures showing broadband characteristics with capability to absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths. It was achieved by covalent attachment of a hybrid combination of two types of light-harvesting fluorescent antenna chromophores on a C-60 cage. Ultrafast photoresponsive intramolecular Foster resonance energy-transfer among antenna units and shared excited energy-accepting C-60 cage is proposed as a plausible mechanism to enhance the broadband NLO ability. Characterization of the branched triad C-60(>DPAF-C-18)(>CPAF-C-2M) and the tetrad C-60(>DPAF-C-18)(>CPAF-C-2M)(2) was carried out by various spectroscopic techniques. These compounds showed approximately equal extinction coefficients of optical absorption over 400-550 nm that corresponds to near-IR two-photon based excitation wavelengths at 780-1100 nm. These nanomaterials may be utilized in NLO coatings for achieving efficient light-transmittance reduction at the same NIR wavelengths. C1 [Jeon, Seaho; Wang, Min; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Chiang, Long] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng; Cooper, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ji, Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183] FX The authors at UML thank the financial support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the grant number FA9550-09-1-0380 and FA9550-09-1-0183. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-208-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9181 AR UNSP 918105 DI 10.1117/12.2060935 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB9BG UT WOS:000348035800002 ER PT S AU Wu, Q Liu, BY Chen, YR Li, H Chen, QW Qiu, QR AF Wu, Qing Liu, Beiye Chen, Yiran Li, Hai Chen, Qiuwen Qiu, Qinru GP IEEE TI Bio-Inspired Computing with Resistive Memories - Models, Architectures and Applications SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE DE neuromorphic; architecture; memristor; bioinspired; confabulation ID MEMRISTOR; ELEMENTS AB The traditional Von Neumann architecture has constrained the potential for applying massively parallel architecture to embedded high performance computing where we must optimize the size, weight and power of the system. Inspired by highly parallel biological systems, such as the human brain, the neuromorphic architecture offers a promising novel computing paradigm for compact and energy efficient platforms. The discovery of memristor devices provided the element we need with unprecedented efficiency in realizing such a computing architecture. There are still many challenges left to meet our goal of a fully functional bio-inspired computer. Here we will discuss our research in memristor crossbar based architecture, adaptation of this architecture for cogent confabulation models, and potential applications of the bio-inspired computer. C1 [Wu, Qing] AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Liu, Beiye; Chen, Yiran; Li, Hai] Univ Pittsburgh, Elec.& Comp. Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chen, Qiuwen; Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Elec Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; bel34@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; hal66@pitt.edu; qchen14@syr.edu; qiqiu@syr.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-3432-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2014 BP 834 EP 837 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8EW UT WOS:000346488600213 ER PT S AU Plemmons, DH Galyen, NA Phillips, WJ Winkleman, BC AF Plemmons, D. H. Galyen, N. A. Phillips, W. J. Winkleman, B. C. GP IOP TI Measurements of Line Strength and Line Shape Parameters of the HCl R3 (0-2) 5739.263 cm(-1) and the HF R1 (0-2) 7823.820 cm(-1) Transitions SO XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES (ICSLS 2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tullahoma, TN SP Inst Phys, Quantel Laser Co, Elsevier, Ctr Laser Appl, Univ Tennessee Space Inst ID SENSORS AB Line strengths and line shape parameters have been measured for a single absorption transition of both hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride gases. These parameters were determined from spectral absorbance measurements over a range of temperatures and pressures using single-mode laser diodes as the laser sources. The measured parameters are compared to values reported in scientific literature. Significant differences are observed that will impact spectroscopic measurements of species concentrations, temperature, and pressure. C1 [Plemmons, D. H.; Galyen, N. A.; Phillips, W. J.; Winkleman, B. C.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Plemmons, DH (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM david.plemmons@arnold.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 548 AR 012019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/548/1/012019 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8IE UT WOS:000346654400019 ER PT S AU Murthy, V Uysal, F Scarborough, S AF Murthy, Vinay Uysal, Faruk Scarborough, Steven GP IEEE TI Target Geolocation in Gotcha Data using Cross-Channel Interferometry SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat DE Target Geolocation; Cross-channel interferometry; Clutter Suppression; Synthetic Aperture Radar; SAR; Ground Moving Target Indication; GMTI AB This paper discusses application of a cross-channel interferogram based technique for target geolocation to data from the Gotcha sensor. A modified SAR/ATI/STAP geolocation method is used to compensate for the inability to perform STAP well using the available Gotcha data due to limitations in spatial degrees of freedom. SAR/ATI geolocation is illustrated with three examples from the measurements for: two known targets with truth data, and an unknown target. The first known target is geolocated with a 15.6m accuracy; the unknown target is geolocated with reasonable accuracy for 8 out of 11 detections; and the second known target is geolocated with an average error of 13.18m for 10 consecutive CPIs. C1 [Murthy, Vinay; Uysal, Faruk] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Scarborough, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Murthy, V (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM murthy@cptnj.com OI Uysal, Faruk/0000-0002-4518-5649 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [D11PC20007] FX The work described here is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Arlington, VA, under the SBIR Phase II Contract D11PC20007. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution Statement "A' (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600004 ER PT S AU Uysal, F Pillai, U Selesnick, I Himed, B AF Uysal, Faruk Pillai, Unnikrishna Selesnick, Ivan Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Signal Decomposition for Wind Turbine Clutter Mitigation SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat DE Signal decomposition; wind turbine clutter mitigation; sparse signal representation ID LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS; THRESHOLDING ALGORITHM AB This paper addresses the problem of dynamic clutter mitigation by focusing on the mitigation of the wind turbine clutter from the radar data. The basis pursuit and morphological component analysis approach are used to decompose the radar returns into the sum of oscillatory and transient components. The success of the morphological component analysis rely on sparsity, thus different transform domains needs to be identified correctly to represent each component sparsely. The method is illustrated on a radar data collected from a small custom built radar system to show the success of the proposed algorithm for wind turbine clutter mitigation. C1 [Uysal, Faruk; Pillai, Unnikrishna] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna; Selesnick, Ivan] NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Himed, Braham] AFRL, RYMD, Dayton, OH USA. RP Uysal, F (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM faruk@cptnj.com OI Uysal, Faruk/0000-0002-4518-5649; Selesnick, Ivan/0000-0002-4939-3971 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600012 ER PT S AU Kang, BS Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Estimation of Structured Covariance Matrices for Radar STAP under Practical Constraints SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; AIRBORNE RADAR; APPROXIMATION AB Estimation of the disturbance or interference covariance matrix plays a central role in radar target detection. Traditional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators lead to degraded false alarm and detection performance in the realistic regime of limited training. For this reason, structured covariance estimators have been actively researched. This paper reviews as well as proposes new structured covariance estimation methods which exploit physically motivated practical constraints. We first review the rank constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimator which explicitly incorporates the rank of the clutter subspace as a constraint in the ML problem. Next, we introduce an efficient approximation of structured covariance under joint Toeplitz and rank constraint (EASTR). In particular, we propose new quadratic optimization problems that enforce Toeplitz structure while preserving rank. Crucially, both the RCML estimator and the EASTR admit closed form solutions and hence facilitate real time implementation. We perform experimental evaluation in the form of normalized SINR, probability of detection, and whiteness tests. In each case, we compare against widely used existing estimators and show that exploiting the practical constraints has significant merits in covariance estimation. C1 [Kang, Bosung; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, BS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu; vmonga@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 585 EP 590 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600116 ER PT S AU Stevens, SR Jackson, JA AF Stevens, Sean R. Jackson, Julie A. GP IEEE TI Emitter Subset Selection for Passive Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat AB This paper combines relevant metrics (signal to noise ratio, ambiguity function integrated sidelobes, effective multistatic resolution area, and contrast ratio) in a multi-objective optimization to select subsets of available emitters for passive multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Assumed limitations in the number of available receiver channels constrain the optimization to select the best emitter combinations up to a maximum subset size. Analog and digital waveforms are simulated for a scene with twenty-four emitters. The combined metrics are used to rank all combinations of up to four emitters. Results indicate that the proposed ranking successfully differentiates between emitter sets resulting in good images and those sets resulting in poor images. The results also reveal the impact of contrast ratio on image quality. C1 [Stevens, Sean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jackson, Julie A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stevens, SR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sean.stevens.3@us.af.mil; julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 686 EP 691 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600135 ER PT S AU Kwon, Y Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Kwon, Yangsoo Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI A Thresholding Scheme for Target Detection for Noise Radar Systems Based on Random Matrix Theory SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID SAMPLES AB Target detection is one of important roles of radar systems. In this paper, we present a threshold method for multiple target detection for of noise radar systems. In order to avoid ambiguous target detection, we find thresholds to guarantee the detection performance with the same receiving antenna elements for a given false alarm probability. The threshold is computed from the largest and smallest eigenvalue distributions based on random matrix theory. Simulations show that the proposed threshold provides exact target detection. C1 [Kwon, Yangsoo; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, RYRT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwon, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM snakekwon@gmail.com; ram@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 692 EP 695 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600136 ER PT S AU Shin, HJ Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shin, Hee Jung Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Diffraction Tomography for Ultra-Wideband Noise Radar and Imaging Quality Measure of a Cylindrical Perfectly Conducting Object SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat AB The tomographic image of a single cylindrical PEC object is obtained using diffraction tomography theorem after multiple transmissions of independent and identically distributed (iid) UWB random noise waveforms. The final tomographic image of the cylinder is successfully achieved by averaging all obtained images from multiple transmissions. For each transmission, iid band-limited white Gaussian noise waveform over a frequency range from 8-10 GHz is transmitted. Several numerical simulations in spatial frequency domain are performed, and the tomographic images are generated based on the backward scattering data of each transmitted iid UWB noise waveform. Mean square error is calculated to measure the image quality of the reconstructed tomographic image as well. C1 [Shin, Hee Jung; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shin, HJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hus146@psu.edu; ram@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0164] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Contract # FA9550-12-1-0164. We appreciate useful comments received from Dr. Tristan Nguyen of AFOSR. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 702 EP 707 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600138 ER PT S AU Metcalf, J Blunt, S Himed, B AF Metcalf, Justin Blunt, Shannon Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI A Machine Learning Approach to Distribution Identification in Non-Gaussian Clutter SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RADAR DETECTION; DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; GOODNESS AB We consider a set of non-linear transformations of order statistics incorporated into a machine learning approach to perform distribution identification from data with low sample support with the ultimate goal of determining the appropriate detection threshold. The set of transformations provide a means with which data may be compared to a library of known clutter distributions. Several common non-Gaussian distributions are discussed and incorporated into the initial implementation of the library. This approach allows for the addition of empirically measured clutter distributions, which may not have a known analytic form. The adaptive threshold estimation reduces the probability of false alarm when non-Gaussian clutter is present.. C1 [Metcalf, Justin; Blunt, Shannon] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Metcalf, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-11-D1011] FX This work was supported by a subcontract with Booz, Allen and Hamilton for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-11-D1011. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 739 EP 744 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600145 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M Rigling, B Nehorai, A AF Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Rigling, Brian Nehorai, Arye GP IEEE TI Cramer-Rao Bound Analysis for Passive Multistatic Radar Using UMTS Signals SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID MIMO RADAR; TARGET LOCALIZATION; BISTATIC RADAR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Mobile communications systems are being increasingly deployed and the favorable ambiguity function properties of these signals make them useful for passive bistatic radar applications. Further, simultaneously using multiple illuminators of opportunity in a multistatic configuration will enhance the radar performance, providing spatial diversity and increased resolution. We compute modified Cramer-Rao lower bounds (MCRLB) for the target parameter estimation error using universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) signals as illuminators of opportunity for passive multistatic radar systems. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ St Louis, Preston M Green Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sandeep.gogineni.ctr.in@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311]; AFOSR [FA9.550-11-1-0210] FX was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under project 2311. was supported by AFOSR Grant FA9.550-11-1-0210. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 769 EP 773 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600150 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M Rigling, B Nehorai, A AF Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Rigling, Brian Nehorai, Arye GP IEEE TI Ambiguity Function Analysis for Passive Multistatic Radar Using UMTS Signals SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID MIMO RADAR AB Passive radar systems offer several merits including the ease of deployment, low-cost, and non-detectability of the receivers. Traditionally, they have been employed in bistatic configuration. However, in this paper, we consider a UMTS-based passive multistatic radar with distributed antennas. We compute the ambiguity profile of this radar system under both the coherent and non-coherent processing modes in the Cartesian domain. The non-coherent processing mode improves the target detection performance by obtaining spatially diverse looks of the target. On the other hand, coherent processing enhances the resolution of target localization. We use numerical examples to demonstrate our analytical results. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ St Louis, Preston M Green Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sandeep.Rogineni.ctr.in@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311]; AFOSR [FA9.550-11-1-0210] FX was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under project 2311.; was supported by AFOSR Grant FA9.550-11-1-0210. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600151 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Patton, LK Himed, B AF Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Detection in Passive MIMO Radar Networks SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID BISTATIC RADAR; ALGORITHM; TRACKING; REMOVAL AB This paper considers detection in passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensor networks. Multiple centralized and decentralized detection architectures are surveyed and compared via Monte Carlo simulation. A recently proposed generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector, termed the reference-surveillance GLRT, is shown to have superior detection performance because it maximally exploits the correlations in the measured data. Specifically, it exploits inter-receiver reference-surveillance correlations and inter-receiver surveillance-surveillance correlations, two concepts that are explained in this paper. In this way, the reference-surveillance GLRT achieves better sensitivity under all direct-path-to-noise ratio conditions than more conventional matched filter-inspired detection approaches, which exploit only some of the correlations within the measured data. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-D-1750-000] FX This work was supported in part by a sub-contract with RNET for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-10-D-1750-000. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 780 EP 785 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600152 ER PT S AU Tran, TM Terzuoli, AJ Scalzi, GJ Lo Monte, L AF Tran, Thang M. Terzuoli, Andrew J. Scalzi, Gary J. Lo Monte, Lorenzo GP IEEE TI Toward Passive RF Tomography: Signal Processing and Experimental Validation SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat AB Radio frequency (RF) tomography is an imaging technique based upon a set of randomly distributed transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) encircling the area under observation. This method requires prior knowledge of the TX's and RX's locations. In some circumstances the TXs may be uncooperative, while in other cases extrinsic emitters may be used as sources of opportunity. In these scenarios, RF tomography should operate in a passive modality. A previous work [1] postulated the principles and feasibility of passive RF tomography. This paper further develops the underlying theory through concise and ad-hoc signal processing. Experimental verification and validation corroborate the effectiveness of passive RF tomography for object localization. C1 [Tran, Thang M.; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Scalzi, Gary J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tran, TM (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600170 ER PT S AU Wu, QS Zhang, YMD Amin, MG Himed, B AF Wu, Qisong Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Focusing of Tandem Bistatic SAR Data Using Range Doppler Algorithm SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECTRUM AB In this paper, we develop a range Doppler algorithm (RDA) for the tandem bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) configuration. The key step is to use an analytical tandem bistatic spectrum. The proposed algorithm is able to handle reasonably high squint by compensating secondary range compression in the two-dimensional wavenumber domain, and is more robust to focus bistatic data compared with Neo's RDA based on the spectrum of method of series reversion (MSR) in the tandem configuration particularly when the baseline-range ratio is large. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations. C1 [Wu, Qisong; Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Rlt Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-D-1376, FA8650-08-D-1303] FX The work of Q. Wu, Y. D. Zhang, and M. a Amin was supported in part by a subcontract with Defense Engineering Corporation for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-12-D-1376 and by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303, NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 927 EP 931 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600181 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Wavelet-based Radar Waveform for Moving Targets Detection SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat AB In a previous paper by the authors, a wavelet-based waveform (WBW) is described which can suppress range sidelobes for static targets effectively. In this paper, we describe the use of WBW in speed detection via Doppler frequency. We compare WBW with conventional waveform using linear frequency modulation (LFM) for both range and speed detections. Analysis and simulation results show that WBW achieves higher resolution in both range and speed detections over LFM. Further study shows that WBW can be applied in SAR to acquire high resolution image. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 1149 EP 1154 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600226 ER PT S AU Sikdar, A Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Sikdar, Ankita Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Radar Depth Association with Vision Detected Vehicles on a Highway SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID OBSTACLE DETECTION AB No single sensor can independently predict the 3-D environment around us. A vision sensor helps locate objects in a 2-D plane. However, estimating distance using one vision sensor has a limitation. A single radar sensor returns the range of objects accurately; however, the complexity and cost increase if good spatial resolution is required. Thus a radar does not indicate which range corresponds to which object. In this paper, we associate vision detected objects to radar returned echoes, focusing on highways, estimating the 3-D locations of cars around an ego vehicle. This information would help cars driving autonomously to maneuver around. C1 [Sikdar, Ankita; Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] WrightPatterson Air Force Base, US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sikdar, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 1159 EP 1164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600228 ER PT S AU Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Signal Dependent Clutter Waveform Design for Radar STAP SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat ID INFORMATION AB Waveform design is a pivotal component of the fully adaptive radar construct. In this paper we consider waveform design for radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), accounting for the waveform dependence of the clutter correlation matrix. Due to this dependence, the joint problem of receiver weight vector optimization and radar waveform design becomes an intractable optimization problem. Therefore, we consider constrained versions of the alternating minimization algorithm, which, at each step, optimizes the STAP weight vector and waveform independently. Our simulations reveal a non-increasing error variance at the output of the filter. C1 [Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. FU US AFOSR FX This work was sponsored by US AFOSR under project 13RY1OCOR. All views and opinions expressed here are the authors own and does not constitute endorsement from the Department of Defense. We acknowledge the initial comments from Dr. A. De Maio and Dr. Y. Abramovich which helped improved this paper. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 1311 EP 1316 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600259 ER PT S AU Redfield, R AF Redfield, Rob BE James, D Choppin, S Allen, T Wheat, J Fleming, P TI Bike braking vibration modelling and measurement SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT 10 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Sports-Engineering-Association CY JUL 14-17, 2014 CL Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sheffield, ENGLAND SP Int Sports Engn Assoc HO Sheffield Hallam Univ DE Mountain biking; braking; stick-slip friction; vibrations ID NOISE AB Modern bicycle disk-brake systems often induce vibration and noise in bike components such as brake rotors, wheels, and even bike frames. When the vibration or noise are excessive, brake performance can be perceived as unsatisfactory. Previous research incorporating bike frame structural dynamics and brake friction modeling has shown that stick-slip friction is likely the cause of much of this vibration and noise. Bicycle design parameters such as brake friction behavior and bike component structural properties are central in producing and/or sustaining these vibrations. The predicted dynamics of these models has correlated reasonably well with the testing of braking systems. This research extends the modelling of previous efforts to improve correspondence with brake noise/vibration testing and gain further understanding into the contributors and possible cures of this unwanted vibration. Specifically, the extended model incorporates torsional wheel dynamics (including rotor/hub, rim, and tire inertias, and spoke, rotor, and tire stiffnesses) into previous models. This new model allows the dynamics of the bike frame and wheel to couple through braking application. To support and validate the modelling, motion/vibration measurements are recorded during noisy braking with a non-contact laser vibrometer in the laboratory and with an accelerometer in field tests. Vibration measurements are studied along with model predictions toward the goal of connecting unwanted noise/vibration with specific design parameters of the bicycle brake-frame-wheel system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Redfield, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM Rob.Redfield@USAFA.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 72 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.051 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BB8CP UT WOS:000346367700080 ER PT J AU Franzi, M Gilgenbach, RM Hoff, B Greening, G Lau, YY Jordan, NM Simon, D French, D Luginsland, J AF Franzi, Matthew Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Hoff, Brad Greening, Geoffrey Lau, Y. Y. Jordan, Nicholas M. Simon, David French, David Luginsland, John GP IEEE TI Coaxial All Cavity Extraction in the Recirculating Planar Magnetron SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE High power Microwaves (HPM); magnetron; electron beams; coherent radiation AB Recent experiments on the first Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) prototype, the L-band RPM-12a, have demonstrated successful generation of microwave power in the vicinity of pi-mode at 1 GHz using a -300 kV pulsed voltage and 0.2 T axial magnetic field. However, these initial experiments were designed primarily to demonstrate feasibility and validate the RF dispersion relationship. This prototype has not demonstrated the efficient extraction of microwave power into waveguides. A novel approach to power extraction using a coaxial adaptation of the "all cavity extractor" is currently under development at the University of Michigan. The Coaxial All Cavity Extractor (CACE) is a highly compact axial extraction technique that is specifically designed to accommodate the planar slow wave structures of the RPM. Concepts and design of the extractor are presented as well as a new experimental prototype RPM-CACE, a 12-cavity device simulated to yield 450 MW with 60% efficiency at 1.9 GHz. C1 [Franzi, Matthew; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Greening, Geoffrey; Lau, Y. Y.; Jordan, Nicholas M.; Simon, David] Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad; French, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Luginsland, John] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Franzi, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0104]; Air Force Research Laboratory; L-3 Communications Electron Devices Division FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant #FA9550-10-1-0104, The Air Force Research Laboratory, and L-3 Communications Electron Devices Division NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3424-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2014 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7ZW UT WOS:000346166100039 ER PT J AU Leach, C Roberts, B Mardahl, P Schamiloglu, E AF Leach, Christopher Roberts, Brock Mardahl, Peter Schamiloglu, Edl GP IEEE TI Compact Non-invasive Bunch Length Monitor ICEPIC Study SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE electron; bunch; diagnostic; monitor; cavity; resonant; beam AB A novel non-invasive, near real-time cavity detector used to monitor the bunch length and profile of photo-emitted electron bunches was simulated in ICEPIC [1] for the purpose of providing a meaningful comparison to experimental data [2] and for predicting the cavity response to a variety of bunch lengths and profiles. C1 [Leach, Christopher; Schamiloglu, Edl] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC01 1100, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Roberts, Brock] Electdyanm, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Mardahl, Peter] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Leach, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC01 1100, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU DOE Phase I SBIR Award [84360S12-I] FX This work was supported DOE Phase I SBIR Award number 84360S12-I. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3424-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2014 BP 147 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7ZW UT WOS:000346166100066 ER PT S AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW AF Paduano, Qing S. Weyburne, David W. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI X-ray diffraction analysis of structural defects in a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire by MOCVD SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE X-ray diffraction; nitride; defects; stacking faults ID STACKING-FAULTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE AB In this work, we demonstrate the use of X-ray diffraction for analyzing structural imperfections in a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire. Although there are only two (hh0) planes accessible under symmetric diffraction, there are an adequate number of diffraction planes accessible under the quasi-symmetric configuration to enable analysis of rocking curves that are not influenced by basalplane stacking faults. By measuring diffraction pro-files for a series of symmetric and asymmetric crystal planes, the broadening terms were separated using extrapolation methods based on their geometric dependence. Individual broadening factors can then be correlated to the relative contribution of different structural defects, including threading dislocations, lateral coherence length, and basal plane stacking faults. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Weyburne, David W.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM qing.paduano@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300325 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300025 ER PT S AU Crisman, E Drehman, A Miller, R Osinsky, A Volovik, D Vasilyev, V AF Crisman, E. Drehman, A. Miller, R. Osinsky, A. Volovik, D. Vasilyev, V. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI Enhanced AlN nanostructures for pyroelectric sensors SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE aluminum nitride pyroelectric thin film ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; FILMS AB Measurements of the pyroelectric coefficient and pyroelectric voltage response of polycrystalline AlN films are presented. The results were used to calculate pyroelectric detectivity figures of merit in order to compare potential AlN pyroelectric sensor performance to other pyroelectric materials such as epitaxial AlN, PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3, and Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 films. We observed substantial enhancement (similar to 5x) of pyroelectric coefficient and pyroelectric figure of merit in polycrystalline multi-oriented AlN films when compared to epitaxial monocrystalline AlN films. A mechanism of such augmentation in polycrystalline AlN films is proposed and discussed. Despite the relatively small absolute value of pyroelectric coefficient, AlN presents pyroelectric detectivity figure of merit near the same magnitude as commonly used pyroelectric materials because of its relatively low dielectric constant. The low dielectric constant enables high speed sensor operation >MHz. The results of these studies are suggesting even higher pyroelectric response might be obtainable for the polycrystalline thin film AlN structures. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Crisman, E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Drehman, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Columbus, OH USA. [Miller, R.; Osinsky, A.; Volovik, D.] Agnitron Technol Inc, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. [Vasilyev, V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vasilyev, V (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.vasilyev@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300513 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300037 ER PT S AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Look, DC AF Paduano, Qing S. Weyburne, David W. Look, David C. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI Photoluminescence of m-plane GaN grown on m-plane sapphire by MOCVD SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE photoluminescence; nitride; stacking faults; defects ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STACKING-FAULTS; NITRIDE; DIODES AB The photoluminescence of m-plane GaN grown on m-plane sapphire substrate by MOCVD is reported. The defect related emissions with temperature and excitation power dependence are detailed. In addition to the near band-edge emission (at similar to 3.472 eV), two major defect-related bands (D1 similar to 3.43 eV and D2 similar to 3.34 eV) are dominant in the low temperature spectra. The D1 emission exhibits thermal quenching with two activation energies (8 and 30 meV), similar to that of a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire. The D2 band was found to consist of a complex overlap of multiple emissions. By fitting the asymmetric band using multiple Gaussian functions, the extracted emission at similar to 3.34 eV was shown to have thermal activation energy similar to 17-20 meV. This emission exhibits different behavior from that of D2 in a-plane GaN in temperature and excitation power dependency, indicating the possible involvement of different defects due to the changes in growth characteristics. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Weyburne, David W.; Look, David C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM qing.paduano@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 778 EP 781 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300328 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300101 ER PT J AU Smith, AJ Mills, RF Bryant, AR Peterson, GL Grimaila, MR AF Smith, Adam J. Mills, Robert F. Bryant, Adam R. Peterson, Gilbert L. Grimaila, Michael R. BE Smari, WW Fox, GC Nygard, M TI REDIR: Automated Static Detection of Obfuscated Anti-Debugging Techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COLLABORATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS (CTS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Intelligence Adv Res Projects Activ, Off Director Natl Intelligence, Honeywell Int Inc, Adventium Labs, Intelligent Automat Inc, Knowledge Based Syst Inc, LexisNexis Corp, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Intel Corp, MEI Res Ltd, Microsoft Res, Springer Verlag, IEEE DE Reverse code engineering; Expert systems; Sensemaking; Anti-debugging ID SENSE AB Reverse Code Engineering (RCE) to detect anti-debugging techniques in software is a very difficult task. Code obfuscation is an anti-debugging technique makes detection even more challenging. The Rule Engine Detection by Intermediate Representation (REDIR) system for automated static detection of obfuscated anti-debugging techniques is a prototype designed to help the RCE analyst improve performance through this tedious task. Three tenets form the REDIR foundation. First, Intermediate Representation (IR) improves the analyzability of binary programs by reducing a large instruction set down to a handful of semantically equivalent statements. Next, an Expert System (ES) rule-engine searches the IR and initiates a sense-making process for anti-debugging technique detection. Finally, an IR analysis process confirms the presence of an anti-debug technique. The REDIR system is implemented as a debugger plug-in. Within the debugger, REDIR interacts with a program in the disassembly view. Debugger users can instantly highlight anti-debugging techniques and determine if the presence of a debugger will cause a program to take a conditional jump or fall through to the next instruction. C1 [Smith, Adam J.; Mills, Robert F.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Grimaila, Michael R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bryant, Adam R.] Cyber Res Lab, Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Smith, AJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.smith@afit.edu; robert.mills@afit.edu; abryant@RiversideResearch.org; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; michael.grimaila@afit.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5158-1 PY 2014 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BB7OI UT WOS:000345833000027 ER PT J AU Millar, JR Hodson, DD Lamont, GB Peterson, GL AF Millar, Jeremy R. Hodson, Douglas D. Lamont, Gary B. Peterson, Gilbert L. BE Smari, WW Fox, GC Nygard, M TI Multi-Objective Optimization of Dead-Reckoning Error Thresholds for Virtual Environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COLLABORATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS (CTS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Intelligence Adv Res Projects Activ, Off Director Natl Intelligence, Honeywell Int Inc, Adventium Labs, Intelligent Automat Inc, Knowledge Based Syst Inc, LexisNexis Corp, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Intel Corp, MEI Res Ltd, Microsoft Res, Springer Verlag, IEEE DE Virtual simulation environments; dead reckoning; multi-objective optimization AB Design trade-offs between state consistency and system response time are commonplace in virtual environments. Systems typically rely on predictive consistency algorithms such as dead-reckoning to control consistency and response time. Dead-reckoning error threshold selection determines the consistency/response time trade-off. We extend this trade-off space to explicitly account for the concept of system fairness. We derive a multi-objective optimization problem and apply multiobjective evolutionary algorithms to solve for Pareto optimal error thresholds. C1 [Millar, Jeremy R.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Lamont, Gary B.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Millar, JR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5158-1 PY 2014 BP 562 EP 569 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BB7OI UT WOS:000345833000089 ER PT J AU Tran, T Racz, L Grimaila, MR Miller, M Harper, WF AF Tho Tran Racz, LeeAnn Grimaila, Michael R. Miller, Michael Harper, Willie F., Jr. TI Comparison of continuous versus pulsed ultraviolet light emitting diode use for the inactivation of Bacillus globigii spores SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus globigii; disinfection; light emitting diodes (LEDs); UV light; water treatment ID SUBTILIS SPORES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; WATER DISINFECTION; UV DISINFECTION; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; RESISTANCE; EFFICIENCY; MEMBRANE; DAMAGE AB Light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the ultraviolet (UV) range offer a promising alternative for the disinfection of water. LEDs have many advantages over conventional UV lamps but there are concerns related to the operating life of the LED lamps. In this project Bacillus globigii was inactivated using UV LED technology. The experimental strategy included using pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) output rather than continuous UV (CUV) current in order to reduce the power requirements and extend the life of the lamps. The kinetic profiles for CUV experiments reached 6-log inactivation faster than PUV at 9.1% duty cycle (approx. 840 vs. 5,000 s) but the PUV required lower fluence (365 vs. 665 J/m(2)). In addition, the inactivation rate constants associated with PUV were generally higher than those of CUV (4.6-5.1 vs. 3.6-4.4 m(2)/J), which supports the notion that high energy bursts are more effective at causing cellular damage. Multi-target kinetics applied to most of the kinetic observations and tailing effects were generally observed. PUV LED appears to have potential to extend the lifetime of the LEDs for inactivation of spore-forming pathogens. C1 [Tho Tran; Racz, LeeAnn; Grimaila, Michael R.; Miller, Michael; Harper, Willie F., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harper, WF (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM willie.harper@afit.edu OI Miller, Michael/0000-0001-6306-3437 FU University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center; Air Force Medical Services Agency FX The authors wish to thank the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center and the Air Force Medical Services Agency for financial support. The authors also thank Dr Daniel Felker, John Hixenbaugh, and Kelley Robinson from the Air Force Institute of Technology for logistical assistance and Kandace Bailey for dedicated experimental assistance. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force Institute of Technology, United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 24 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1480 DI 10.2166/wst.2014.395 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AW2OI UT WOS:000346127500005 PM 25401310 ER PT S AU Shtessel, Y Yu, P Mehta, SS Pasiliao, CL AF Shtessel, Y. Yu, P. Mehta, S. S. Pasiliao, C. L. GP IEEE TI Air Breathing Hypersonic Missile Continuous Higher Order Sliding Mode Control for Maximum Target Penetration SO 2014 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON VARIABLE STRUCTURE SYSTEMS (VSS) SE IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems (VSS) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2014 CL Nantes, FRANCE SP IEEE, CSS, IR CCYN, Gdr Macs, ECN, Nantes Metropole DE missile control; higher order sliding mode control ID OUTPUT-FEEDBACK CONTROL; VEHICLE AB The hypersonic missile control in the terminal phase is considered and addressed using higher order sliding mode control techniques. The third order sliding mode controller that comprises the continuous finite reaching time controller driven by the continuous higher order siding mode disturbance observers have been proposed, designed and studied. The proposed higher order sliding mode controller has been validated via simulations of a hypersonic missile in the terminal phase. The controllers demonstrated robustness and high accuracy of the output tracking in the presence of matched and unmatched external disturbances and missile model uncertainties. C1 [Shtessel, Y.; Yu, P.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mehta, S. S.] Univ Florida, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Pasiliao, C. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Shtessel, Y (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM shtessel@eng.uah.edu; pyu.hok@gmail.com; siddhart@ufl.edu; crystal.pasiliao@eglin.af.mil FU Eglin Air Force Base [FA8651-12-I-0004] FX This work was supported by the Eglin Air Force Base under a contract FA8651-12-I-0004. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-3978 BN 978-1-4799-5566-4 J9 IEEE INT WORK VAR PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7PN UT WOS:000345902100030 ER PT J AU Brost, G Magde, K Cook, W AF Brost, G. Magde, K. Cook, W. GP IEEE TI Radiometer Based Measurements of Slant-Path Attenuation in the V/W Bands SO 2014 13TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY MAR 24-27, 2014 CL Pasadena, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE radio propagation; attenuation; V-band; W-band; Radiometer; radiative transfer ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; MICROWAVE; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL AB Slant path brightness temperatures were measured at 72.5 and 82.5 GHz with a multi-channel radiometer. One year of measurements collected at 36 degrees elevation angle in Rome, NY were examined in terms of the attenuation statistics. A model-based attenuation retrieval algorithm was developed to determine the slant path attenuation cumulative distribution function to over 20 dB of attenuation corresponding to less than 1% exceedance probability. Slant path attenuation was also measured with the radiometer using the sun as a source of radiation. Over 30 dB of attenuation dynamic range was possible with this technique. Sun-beacon measurements were used to test model predictions. C1 [Brost, G.; Magde, K.; Cook, W.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Brost, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM george.brost@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4644-0 PY 2014 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BB7PH UT WOS:000345894600026 ER PT S AU Yang, T Salama, Y Matyjas, J Michalak, R AF Yang, Thomas Salama, Yassir Matyjas, John Michalak, Richard GP IEEE TI BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION-BASED MULTI-USER DETECTION FOR MULTI-ANTENNA QAM RECEIVERS WITH I/Q IMBALANCES SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRO/INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (EIT) SE International Conference on Electro Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT) CY JUN 05-07, 2014 CL Milwaukee, WI SP IEEE DE Wireless communication; Multi-antenna receivers; I/Q equalization ID OFDM RECEIVERS; IQ IMBALANCES; COMPENSATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a blind multi-user detection technique for multi-antenna quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) receivers with Inphase/Quadrature phase (I/Q) imbalances. The estimation of multiple users in the presence of I/Q imbalances is performed by Blind Source Separation (BSS) methods. While the complex-valued signal model for multi-antenna QAM receivers does not lend itself to BSS due to the effect of I/Q imbalances, reformulating the signal model to a real-valued equivalent form enables the application of BSS. The proposed method enables multiple users to share the same bandwidth simultaneously in different geographical locations, and avoids the need for the knowledge of the channel state information. In addition, despite of the presence of I/Q imbalances in all receiver branches, the number of antenna required in the receiver is equal to the number of users. Computer simulations are conducted using the popular Fast-ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithm, and the simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed technique. C1 [Yang, Thomas] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Salama, Yassir; Matyjas, John; Michalak, Richard] US Air Force, Res Lab Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Yang, T (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM yang482@crau.edu FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship; NRC; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was performed while T. Yang held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at AFRL/RI. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of NRC and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0357 BN 978-1-4799-4774-4 J9 INT CONF ELECTRO INF PY 2014 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB7LX UT WOS:000345737700020 ER PT S AU Finet, J Ortiz, R Andruejol, J Enquobahrie, A Jomier, J Payne, J Aylward, S AF Finet, Julien Ortiz, Ricardo Andruejol, Johan Enquobahrie, Andinet Jomier, Julien Payne, Jason Aylward, Stephen BE Bello, F Cotin, S TI Bender: An Open Source Software for Efficient Model Posing and Morphing SO BIOMEDICAL SIMULATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation (ISBMS) CY OCT 16-17, 2014 CL IRCAD, Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Inria, SHACRA Team, Imperial Coll London, SiMMS Grp, IHU Strasbourg HO IRCAD AB In this paper, we present Bender, an interactive and freely available software application for changing the pose of anatomical models that are represented as labeled, voxel-based volumes. Voxelized anatomical models are used in numerous applications including the computation of specific absorption rates associated with cell phone transmission energies, radiation therapy, and electromagnetic dosimetry simulation. Other applications range from the study of ergonomics to the design of clothing. Typically, the anatomical pose of a voxelized model is limited by the imaging device used to acquire the source anatomical data; however, absorption of emitted energies and the fit of clothes will change based on anatomic pose. Bender provides an intuitive, workflow-based user-interface to an extensible framework for changing the pose of anatomic models. Bender is implemented as a customized version of 3D Slicer, an image analysis and visualization framework that is widely used in the medical computing research community. The currently available repositioning methods in Bender are based on computer-graphics techniques for rigging, skinning, and resampling voxelized anatomical models. In this paper we present the software and compare two resampling methods: a novel extension to dual quaternions and finite element modeling (FEM) techniques. We show that FEM can be used to quickly and effectively resample repositioned anatomic models. C1 [Finet, Julien; Ortiz, Ricardo; Andruejol, Johan; Enquobahrie, Andinet; Jomier, Julien; Aylward, Stephen] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. [Payne, Jason] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Finet, J (reprint author), Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. FU AFRL SBIR [FA8650-13-M-6444]; NIH [R44OD018334] FX The development and evaluation of Bender has been supported, in part, by the AFRL SBIR FA8650-13-M-6444 and by the NIH grant R44OD018334. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-12057-7; 978-3-319-12056-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8789 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BB7IH UT WOS:000345576600023 ER PT S AU Kamhoua, CA Rodriguez, M Kwiat, KA AF Kamhoua, Charles A. Rodriguez, Manuel Kwiat, Kevin A. BE Poovendran, R Saad, W TI Testing for Hardware Trojans: A Game-Theoretic Approach SO DECISION AND GAME THEORY FOR SECURITY, GAMESEC 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Decision and Game Theory for Security (GameSec) CY NOV 06-07, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Hardware Trojan; Cyber security; Game Theory; Functional Testing; Integrated Circuit AB The microcircuit industry is witnessing a massive outsourcing of the fabrication of ICs (Integrated Circuit), as well as the use of third party IP (Intellectual Property) and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) tools during IC design. These issues raise new security challenges and threats. In particular, it brings up multiple opportunities for the insertion of malicious logic, commonly referred to as a hardware Trojan, in the IC. Testing is typically used along the IC development lifecycle to verify the functional correctness of a given chip. However, the complexity of modern ICs, together with resource and time limitations, makes exhaustive testing commonly unfeasible. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic approach for testing digital circuits that takes into account the decision-making process of intelligent attackers responsible for the infection of ICs with hardware Trojans. Testing for hardware Trojans is modeled as a zero-sum game between malicious manufacturers or designers (i.e., the attacker) who want to insert Trojans, and testers (i.e., the defender) whose goal is to detect the Trojans. The game results in multiple possible mixed strategy Nash equilibria that allow to identify optimum test sets that increase the probability of detecting and defeating hardware Trojans in digital logic. C1 [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Rodriguez, Manuel; Kwiat, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kamhoua, CA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; manuel.rodriguez-moreno.1.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-12601-2; 978-3-319-12600-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8840 BP 360 EP 369 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB7JC UT WOS:000345594300022 ER PT J AU Treufeld, I Wang, DH Kurish, BA Tan, LS Zhu, L AF Treufeld, Imre Wang, David H. Kurish, Brian A. Tan, Loon-Seng Zhu, Lei TI Enhancing electrical energy storage using polar polyimides with nitrile groups directly attached to the main chain SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; TEMPERATURE; CAPACITORS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; PHASE; ELECTRONICS AB A set of 12 new polyimides (PIs) with one or three polar CN dipoles directly attached to the aromatic diamine part were synthesized and their electric energy storage properties were studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and electric displacement-electric field (D-E) loop measurements to determine their potential for high temperature film capacitors for aerospace applications. It was found that adding highly polar nitrile groups to the PI structure increased permittivity and thus electrical energy storage, especially at high temperatures, and 3 CN dipoles were better than 1 CN dipole. Below the glass transition temperature (T-g), a weak gamma transition was observed around -100 degrees C and a broad beta transition was observed between 100 and 150 degrees C. It was the beta (i.e., precursor dipolar motion before long-range segmental motion, or glass transition), rather than the gamma sub-T-g transition that substantially increased the permittivity of PIs. From the BDS results on PIs having 3 nitrile groups, the enhancement in permittivity from permanent dipoles decreased with dianhydride in the order of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) > 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (OPDA) >1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) > 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). Meanwhile, the increase in permittivity also decreased in the order of para-para, meta-para, and meta-meta linkage in the diamine, suggesting that the para-para linkage favored easier dipole rotation than the meta-meta linkage. From the D-E loop study, the PIs with a combination of PMDA dianhydride and a para-para linkage exhibited the highest discharged energy density and a reasonably low loss. C1 [Treufeld, Imre; Zhu, Lei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Treufeld, Imre; Zhu, Lei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM Loon.Tan@us.af.mil; lxz121@case.edu RI Zhu, Lei/C-8754-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Wang, David/F-7492-2013 OI Zhu, Lei/0000-0001-6570-9123; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265 FU AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; US Department of State FX The authors acknowledge AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for partial financial support. We thank Zhongbo Zhang for performing the reflection-mode XRD measurements and Michelle Song for helping with the D-E loop measurements. We are also grateful for helpful discussion with Dr Elshad Allahyarov and Professor Donald Schuele at Case Western Reserve University. IT is grateful to the US Department of State for the International Fulbright Science and Technology Award. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 48 BP 20683 EP 20696 DI 10.1039/c4ta03260h PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AU3RL UT WOS:000345531200035 ER PT S AU Hersey, RK Culpepper, E AF Hersey, Ryan K. Culpepper, Edwin BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Sub-Band Processing for Grating Lobe Disambiguation in Sparse Arrays SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radar; SAR; GMTI; Grating Lobes; Beamforming; Sub-banding; Sparse; Arrays AB Combined synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar modes simultaneously generate SAR and GMTI products from the same radar data. This hybrid mode provides the benefit of combined imaging and moving target displays as well as improved target recognition. However, the differing system, antenna, and waveform requirements between SAR and GMTI modes make implementing the hybrid mode challenging. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Gotcha radar has collected wide-bandwidth, multi-channel data that can be used for both SAR and GMTI applications. The spatial channels on the Gotcha array are sparsely separated, which causes spatial grating lobes during the digital beamforming process. Grating lobes have little impact on SAR, which typically uses a single spatial channel. However, grating lobes have a large impact on GMTI, where spatial channels are used to mitigate clutter and estimate the target angle of arrival (AOA). The AOA ambiguity has a significant impact in the Gotcha data, where detections from the sidelobes and skirts of the mainlobe wrap back into the main scene causing a significant number of false alarms. This paper presents a sub-banding method to disambiguate grating lobes in the GMTI processing. This method divides the wideband SAR data into multiple frequency sub-bands. Since each sub-band has a different center frequency, the grating lobes for each sub-band appear at different angles. The method uses this variation to disambiguate target returns and places them at the correct angle of arrival (AOA). Results are presented using AFRL Gotcha radar data. C1 [Hersey, Ryan K.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, Edwin] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hersey, RK (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-030-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9093 AR UNSP 90930Q DI 10.1117/12.2058261 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB6TU UT WOS:000345014300021 ER PT S AU Pepin, M AF Pepin, Matthew BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI A three-dimensional fractional Fourier transformation methodology for volumetric linear, circular, and orbital synthetic aperture radar formation SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; Fractional Fourier Transform AB The 3-D Fractional Fourier Transformation (FrFT) has unique applicability to multi-pass and multiple receiver Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenarios which can collect radar returns to create volumetric reflectivity data. The 3-D FrFT can independently compress and image radar data in each dimension for a broad set of parameters. The 3-D FrFT can be applied at closer ranges and over more aperture sampling conditions than other imaging algorithms. The FrFT provides optimal processing matched to the quadratic signal content in SAR (i.e. the pulse chirp and the spherical wave-front across the aperture). The different parameters for 3-D linear, circular, and orbital SAR case are derived and specific considerations such as squint and scene extent for each scenario are addressed. Example imaged volumes are presented for linear, circular and orbital cases. The imaged volume is sampled in the radar coordinate system and can be transformed to a target based coordinate system. Advantages of the FrFT which extend to the 3-D FrFT include its applicability to a wide variety of imaging condition (standoff range and aperture sub-sampling) as well as inherent phase preservation in the images formed. The FrFT closely matches the imaging process and thus is able to focus SAR images over a large variation in standoff ranges specifically at close range. The FrFT is based on the relationship between time and frequency and thus can create an image from an under-sampled wave-front. This ability allows the length of the synthetic aperture to be increased for a fixed number of aperture samples. C1 [Pepin, Matthew] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. EM pepinm@msn.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-030-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9093 AR 909304 DI 10.1117/12.2050150 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB6TU UT WOS:000345014300003 ER PT S AU Rigling, BD Mackey, A Friel, EM Nehrbass, JW Zelnio, EG AF Rigling, Brian D. Mackey, Austin Friel, Edward M. Nehrbass, John W. Zelnio, Edmund G. BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Recent Improvements to the Raider Tracer Scattering Prediction Tool SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE electromagnetic scattering; simulation; physical optics; bistatic ID 3D AB Computational methods for electromagnetic scattering prediction have been an invaluable tool to the radar signal exploitation community. Scattering prediction codes can provide simulated data of varied levels of fidelity at a fraction of the cost of measured data. Software based on physical optics theory is presently the tool of choice for generating high-frequency scattering data. Currently available codes have extensive capabilities but are usually restricted in their distribution or application due to government or proprietary concerns and due to platform specific software designs. The Raider Tracer software, described in this paper, is a MATLAB-based scattering prediction code that was developed for open distribution to the broader research community. C1 [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mackey, Austin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH USA. [Friel, Edward M.] Leidos Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nehrbass, John W.] Wright State Univ, Wright State Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. [Zelnio, Edmund G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rigling, BD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM brian.rigling@wright.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory under Lsidos prime [FA8650-13-D-1622] FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Lsidos prime contract FA8650-13-D-1622. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-030-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9093 AR UNSP 90930J DI 10.1117/12.2058769 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB6TU UT WOS:000345014300015 ER PT S AU Uysal, F Murthy, V Scarborough, SM AF Uysal, Faruk Murthy, Vinay Scarborough, Steven M. BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Blind Phase Calibration for Along-Track Interferometry: Application to Gotcha Data Set SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Along-Track Interferometry (ATI) has been widely used for ground moving target indication (GMTI) in airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. In ideal cases, the ATI phase obtained using two phase centers that are aligned in the along-track dimension yield clutter-only pixels with zero phase. However, the platform's motion may create a cross-track displacement between the two phase centers and in turn offset the phase centers' baseline from the along track dimension. This cross-track offset leads to non-zero phase for clutter-only pixels, necessitating calibration for accurate GMTI. This paper proposes a blind calibration method to correct the along-track baseline error in ATI-SAR systems. The success of the proposed method is shown on a set of measured data from the Gotcha sensor. C1 [Uysal, Faruk; Murthy, Vinay] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Scarborough, Steven M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Uysal, F (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM faruk@cptnj.com; murthy@cptnj.com OI Uysal, Faruk/0000-0002-4518-5649 FU Strategic Technology Office (STO) at DARPA FX The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. Vincent Sabio, Program Manager, Strategic Technology Office (STO) at DARPA for his support as well as his encouragement to test and validate these approaches on measured data. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-030-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9093 AR UNSP 909300 DI 10.1117/12.2058259 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB6TU UT WOS:000345014300019 ER PT S AU Chushak, YG Martin, JA Chavez, JL Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Chushak, Yaroslav G. Martin, Jennifer A. Chavez, Jorge L. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. BE Ogawa, A TI Computational Design of RNA Libraries for In Vitro Selection of Aptamers SO ARTIFICIAL RIBOSWITCHES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Screening library design; Patterned sequences; RNA structure prediction; Virtual screening; RNA-small molecule docking ID STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DOCKING; SIMULATION; POOLS; ACCURACY; PROGRAMS; LIGANDS AB Selection of aptamers that bind a specific ligand usually begins with a random library of RNA sequences, and many aptamers selected from such random pools have a simple stem-loop structure. We present here a computational approach for designing a starting library of RNA sequences with increased formation of complex structural motifs and enhanced affinity to a desired target molecule. Our approach consists of two steps: (1) generation of RNA sequences based on customized patterning of nucleotides with increased probability of forming a base pair and (2) a high-throughput virtual screening of the generated library to select aptamers with binding affinity to a small-molecule target. We developed a set of criteria that allows one to select a sequence with potential binding affinity from a pool of random sequences and designed a protocol for RNA 3D structure prediction. The proposed approach significantly reduces the RNA sequence search space, thus accelerating the experimental screening and selection of high-affinity aptamers. C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav G.; Martin, Jennifer A.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chushak, YG (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-754-9; 978-1-62703-755-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1111 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-755-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-755-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BB6NE UT WOS:000344878700002 PM 24549608 ER PT S AU Harbaugh, SV Chapleau, ME Chushak, YG Stone, MO Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Harbaugh, Svetlana V. Chapleau, Molly E. Chushak, Yaroslav G. Stone, Morley O. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy BE Ogawa, A TI FRET-Based Optical Assay for Selection of Artificial Riboswitches SO ARTIFICIAL RIBOSWITCHES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Aptamer; Riboswitch; In vivo selection; TEV protease; FRET-based fusion protein ID SYNTHETIC RIBOSWITCHES; EVOLUTION; SCREEN AB Artificial riboswitches are engineered to regulate gene expression in response to a variety of non-endogenous small molecules and, therefore, can be useful tools to reprogram cellular behavior for different applications. A new synthetic riboswitch can be created by linking an in vitro-selected aptamer with a randomized expression platform followed by in vivo selection and screening. Here, we describe an in vivo selection and screening technique to discover artificial riboswitches in E. coli cells that is based on TEV protease-FRET substrate reporter system. C1 [Harbaugh, Svetlana V.; Chushak, Yaroslav G.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Chapleau, Molly E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Stone, Morley O.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Harbaugh, SV (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-754-9; 978-1-62703-755-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1111 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-755-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-755-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BB6NE UT WOS:000344878700007 PM 24549613 ER PT S AU Gershenzon, NI Bambakidis, G Ternovskiy, I AF Gershenzon, Naum I. Bambakidis, Gust Ternovskiy, Igor BE Ternovsky, IV Chin, P TI Sensing network for electromagnetic fields generated by seismic activities SO CYBER SENSING 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY MAY 06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE electromagnetic; seismic; network ID MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; EARTHQUAKE; CRUST; SIGNALS; ROCKS; WAVE AB The sensors network is becoming prolific and play now increasingly more important role in acquiring and processing information. Cyber-Physical Systems are focusing on investigation of integrated systems that includes sensing, networking, and computations. The physics of the seismic measurement and electromagnetic field measurement requires special consideration how to design electromagnetic field measurement networks for both research and detection earthquakes and explosions along with the seismic measurement networks. In addition, the electromagnetic sensor network itself could be designed and deployed, as a research tool with great deal of flexibility, the placement of the measuring nodes must be design based on systematic analysis of the seismic-electromagnetic interaction. In this article, we review the observations of the co-seismic electromagnetic field generated by earthquakes and man-made sources such as vibrations and explosions. The theoretical investigation allows the distribution of sensor nodes to be optimized and could be used to support existing geological networks. The placement of sensor nodes have to be determined based on physics of electromagnetic field distribution above the ground level. The results of theoretical investigations of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena are considered in Section I. First, we compare the relative contribution of various types of mechano-electromagnetic mechanisms and then analyze in detail the calculation of electromagnetic fields generated by piezomagnetic and electrokinetic effects. C1 [Gershenzon, Naum I.; Bambakidis, Gust] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gershenzon, Naum I.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gershenzon, NI (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM igor.ternovskiy@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-034-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9097 AR UNSP 909703 DI 10.1117/12.2054164 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB6UH UT WOS:000345030300002 ER PT S AU Yuan, XH Liu, SY Schmidt, JD Anisimov, I AF Yuan, Xiaohui Liu, Siyuan Schmidt, Jason D. Anisimov, Igor BE Ternovsky, IV Chin, P TI Micro-mirror Array Simulation and Far-field Diffraction Analysis SO CYBER SENSING 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY MAY 06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Micro-mirror Array; Simulation; Visualization; Diffraction AB Developing a customized micro-mirror array (MMA) is costly and time consuming. Characterization experiments can be nearly as labor-intensive as fabrication. It is therefore desirable to have a computational simulation as a cost-effective and efficient means to conduct exploratory investigations such that appropriate parameters and optical characteristics can be obtained prior to any physical tests. In this article, we present our simulation of a novel MMA and preliminary diffraction analysis. Using geometric mapping, we created a three-dimensional visualization of the 5 x 5 MMA based on user-specified poses, which provides an interactive virtual view of the MMA geometry. A number of parameters are used to allow customizable simulation of various micro-mirror poses within the hardware limits. In addition, the far-field diffraction is simulated based on the given mirror geometry. This simulation package provides a tool for studying optical properties of MMAs, and it enables computational means to evaluate the performance of MMA as a beam steering element of Infrared Countermeasure (IRCM) systems. C1 [Yuan, Xiaohui; Liu, Siyuan] Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76210 USA. [Schmidt, Jason D.; Anisimov, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yuan, XH (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76210 USA. EM xiaohui.yuan@unt.edu FU U. S. Air Force, the U. S. Department of Defense; U. S. government FX The technical results and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the sponsors, the U. S. Air Force, the U. S. Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-034-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9097 AR UNSP 90970I DI 10.1117/12.2054400 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB6UH UT WOS:000345030300013 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD Hubbs, JE Pratt, QT AF LeVan, Paul D. Hubbs, John E. Pratt, Quinn T. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Pupil imaging with a high sensitivity, LWIR Focal Plane Array SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications IV CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; focal plane array; LWIR; reimaging optics; pupil; capacitive trans-impedance amplifier AB We describe an integrated sensor assembly serving as both a component technology demonstration and a potential means of detecting distant point sources of infrared radiation. The objective of the demonstration was to show that usefully long integration times could be achieved with a low-background and well capacity, LWIR focal plane array optimized for use with cooled optics in space. The system controls extraneous background radiation with a small (150 um) cooled pinhole that nevertheless transmits all the radiation of a point source collected by the fore-optic. Broad waveband response (similar to 3 to 12 um) results from optimization of the fore-optic for both MW & LWIR, as well as from a broadband anti-reflection coating on the field lens that is used at the pinhole to reimage the entrance aperture and its surrounding cold stop. Integration times in excess of 10 msec have been achieved for room temperature backgrounds with the FPA cold stage operated at 50 Kelvin, and noise performance has been bracketed with single frames of data collected over several integration times and over several minutes duration. However, anomalous signal behavior has been observed as the temperature of a remote blackbody increases. Although operation to date has been with a lower operability, engineering grade FPA, plans are to eventually upgrade to a higher quality device. C1 [LeVan, Paul D.; Hubbs, John E.; Pratt, Quinn T.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-247-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9220 AR 92200S DI 10.1117/12.2063238 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB6UE UT WOS:000345027200022 ER PT S AU Hirakawa, K LeMaster, DA AF Hirakawa, Keigo LeMaster, Daniel A. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Fourier domain design of microgrid imaging polarimeters with improved spatial resolution SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XI CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE microgrid; polarimetric imaging; polarimetry AB Microgrid polarimetric imagers sacrifice spatial resolution for sensitivity to states of linear polarization. We have recently shown that a 2 x 4 microgrid analyzer pattern sacrifices less spatial resolution than the conventional 2 x 2 case without compromising polarization sensitivity. In this paper, we discuss the design strategy that uncovered the spatial resolution benefits of the 2 x 4 array. C1 [Hirakawa, Keigo] Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [LeMaster, Daniel A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hirakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM khirakawa1@udayton.edu; daniel.lemaster@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-036-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9099 AR UNSP 909906 DI 10.1117/12.2053475 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB6TX UT WOS:000345017900004 ER PT S AU Hodgkin, VA Deaver, DM LeMaster, DA AF Hodgkin, Van A. Deaver, Dawne M. LeMaster, Daniel A. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Preliminary Measurements of Contrast in Polarimetric Signatures of Humans SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XI CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Shortwave Infrared; Polarimetry; Mueller Matrix; Stokes Vectors; Image Contrast AB The reflective bands in modern imaging, i.e., the visible through the short wave infrared (SWIR), have become very attractive for use in both daytime and low light target acquisition and surveillance. In addition, the nature of the target in modern conflict again includes the human body as a principle target. The spectral natures of the reflectivities of humans, their clothing, what they may be carrying, and the environments in which they are immersed, along with the spectral nature and strength of the light sources that illuminate them, have been the essential components of the contrasts in the signatures that are used in models that predict probabilities of target acquisition and discrimination. What has been missing is the impact that polarization in these signatures can have on image contrast. This paper documents a preliminary investigation into the contrast in active and passive polarimetric signatures of humans holding two-handed objects in the SWIR. C1 [Hodgkin, Van A.; Deaver, Dawne M.] US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [LeMaster, Daniel A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hodgkin, VA (reprint author), US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-036-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9099 AR UNSP 90990D DI 10.1117/12.2050328 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB6TX UT WOS:000345017900009 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Leny, JK Witt, S Slusher, GM Hagen, JA Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Chavez, Jorge L. Leny, Juliann K. Witt, Suzanne Slusher, Grant M. Hagen, Joshua A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Plasmonic aptamer-gold nanoparticle sensors for small molecule fingerprint identification SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; DNA APTAMER; RNA APTAMERS; CHOLIC-ACID; PROTEINS; ADENOSINE; ARRAY; PESTICIDES; BIOMARKERS; JUNCTIONS AB The utilization of the plasmonic response of aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates (Apt-AuNPs) to design cross-reactive arrays for fingerprint identification of small molecular targets was demonstrated for the first time. Four aptamers with different structural features previously selected to bind different targets were used in combination with AuNPs by adsorbing the DNA on the AuNPs surface. The optimized response of the Apt-AuNPs to the analytes showed that, depending on the specific aptamer used, target binding by the aptamer could result in an increase or decrease of Apt-AuNPs stability. These Apt-AuNPs showed the ability to recognize different analytes with different affinities, generating fingerprints that allowed unambiguous analyte identification with response times in less than fifteen minutes. Importantly, it was observed that it was not necessary to select an aptamer per analyte of interest to generate differentiable signatures, but a subset of aptamers could be used to identify a larger number of analytes. The data was analyzed using principal component analysis, showing efficient clustering of the different datasets for qualitative and quantitative identification. This work opens the door to using these Apt-AuNPs in point of care diagnostics applications where fast sensors with easy to read outputs are needed. C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Leny, Juliann K.; Witt, Suzanne; Slusher, Grant M.; Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] US Air Force, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), US Air Force, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.kelley-loughnane.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Forensic Science Center FX This work was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Defense Forensic Science Center. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2014 VL 139 IS 23 BP 6214 EP 6222 DI 10.1039/c4an01376j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AS8UQ UT WOS:000344523800022 PM 25319608 ER PT J AU Klenzing, J de La Beaujardiere, O Gentile, LC Retterer, J Rodrigues, FS Stoneback, RA AF Klenzing, J. de La Beaujardiere, O. Gentile, L. C. Retterer, J. Rodrigues, F. S. Stoneback, R. A. TI C/NOFS results and equatorial ionospheric dynamics Preface SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Klenzing, J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [de La Beaujardiere, O.; Gentile, L. C.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Retterer, J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Rodrigues, F. S.; Stoneback, R. A.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Klenzing, J (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeffrey.klenzing@nasa.gov RI Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011 OI Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1303 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-1303-2014 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT2AH UT WOS:000344732500010 ER PT B AU Strawser, BJ AF Strawser, Bradley Jay BA Strawser, BJ BF Strawser, BJ TI More Heat Than Light The Vexing Complexities of the Drone Debate SO OPPOSING PERSPECTIVES ON THE DRONE DEBATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Oxford, Inst Eth Law & Armed Conflict, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. RP Strawser, BJ (reprint author), Vice Admiral James B Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-43263-6; 978-1-137-43261-2 PY 2014 BP 5 EP 18 D2 10.1057/9781137432636 PG 14 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA BB5PB UT WOS:000344010500003 ER PT B AU Strawser, BJ AF Strawser, Bradley Jay BA Strawser, BJ BF Strawser, BJ TI Reply to Critics No Easy Answers SO OPPOSING PERSPECTIVES ON THE DRONE DEBATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Oxford, Inst Eth Law & Armed Conflict, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. RP Strawser, BJ (reprint author), Vice Admiral James B Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-43263-6; 978-1-137-43261-2 PY 2014 BP 59 EP 80 D2 10.1057/9781137432636 PG 22 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA BB5PB UT WOS:000344010500008 ER PT B AU Strawser, BJ AF Strawser, Bradley Jay BA Strawser, BJ BF Strawser, BJ TI Arguing in Good Faith about Drones SO OPPOSING PERSPECTIVES ON THE DRONE DEBATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Oxford, Inst Eth Law & Armed Conflict, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Strawser, Bradley Jay] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. RP Strawser, BJ (reprint author), Vice Admiral James B Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-43263-6; 978-1-137-43261-2 PY 2014 BP 149 EP 185 D2 10.1057/9781137432636 PG 37 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA BB5PB UT WOS:000344010500013 ER PT S AU Liebig, CM Tabiryan, NV Basun, SA Ighodalo, I Reshetnyak, VY Evans, DR AF Liebig, C. M. Tabiryan, N. V. Basun, S. A. Ighodalo, I. Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Evans, D. R. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Gain Dynamics in liquid crystal photorefractive hybrids SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VIII CY AUG 17-18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS; POLYMERS; TRANSPORT; LIGHT AB Photorefractive (PR) hybrid liquid crystal (LC) cells have combined the space-charge field generated in either a polymer (using e.g. PVK; C-60) with the large birefringence from a LC layer to generate PR grating for beam coupling applications. The efficiency of PR beam coupling in hybrid devices is dependent on the amplitude of the space-charge field, as well as the ability of the LC molecules to align with the corresponding field. In this paper the time dynamics of the formation of the PR gratings are measured in LC hybrid systems and are used to explain the large variation of gain coefficients found in the literature. C1 [Liebig, C. M.; Basun, S. A.; Ighodalo, I.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tabiryan, N. V.; Basun, S. A.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ighodalo, I.] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ighodalo, I.] Univ Dayton, Electro Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.] Univ Kyiv, Natl Taras Shevchenko, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Liebig, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-227-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9200 AR UNSP 92000V DI 10.1117/12.2062236 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BB6AZ UT WOS:000344550200018 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Maurer, R Guss, P AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Maurer, Richard Guss, Paul BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Rapid response radiation sensors for Homeland Security applications SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XV CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gamma detector; false alarm rate; sub-second data acquisition; threat signature AB The National Security Technologies, LLC, Remote Sensing Laboratory is developing a rapid response radiation detection system for homeland security field applications. The intelligence-driven system is deployed only when non-radiological information about the target is verifiable. The survey area is often limited, so the detection range is small; in most cases covering a distance of 10 meters or less suffices. Definitive response is required in no more than 3 seconds and should minimize false negative alarms, but can err on the side of positive false alarms. The detection system is rapidly reconfigurable in terms of size, shape, and outer appearance; it is a plug-and-play system. Multiple radiation detection components (viz., two or more sodium iodide scintillators) are used to independently "over-determine" the existence of the threat object. Rapid response electronic dose rate meters are also included in the equipment suite. Carefully studied threat signatures are the basis of the decision making. The use of Rad-Detect predictive modeling provides information on the nature of the threat object. Rad-Detect provides accurate dose rate from heavily shielded large sources; for example those lost in Mexico were Category 1 radiation sources (similar to 3,000 Ci of Co-60), the most dangerous of five categories defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Taken out of their shielding containers, Category 1 sources can kill anyone who is exposed to them at close range for a few minutes to an hour. Whenever possible sub-second data acquisition will be attempted, and, when deployed, the system will be characterized for false alarm rates. Although the radiation detection materials selected are fast (viz., faster scintillators), their speed is secondary to sensitivity, which is of primary importance. Results from these efforts will be discussed and demonstrated. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Maurer, Richard] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Bldg 1783,Arnold Ave, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. [Guss, Paul] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Bldg 1783,Arnold Ave, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM mukhops@nv.doe.gov FU National Security Technologies, LLC [DE- AC52- 06NA25946]; U. S. Department of Energy; Site- Directed Research and Development Program FX This manuscript has been authored by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE- AC52- 06NA25946 with the U. S. Department of Energy and supported by the Site- Directed Research and Development Program. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non- exclusive, paid- up, irrevocable, world- wide license to publish or reproduce the published forms of the manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-242-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9215 AR UNSP 921504 DI 10.1117/12.2066666 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BB6AP UT WOS:000344466500003 ER PT S AU Cohen, E Picard, RH Crabtree, PN AF Cohen, Edward Picard, Richard H. Crabtree, Peter N. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Spectral method for calculating pixel overlap areas applied to multiframe image de-aliasing SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 18-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Multiframe super-resolution; image de-aliasing; convex polygon overlap area; computational geometry ID LINEAR RECONSTRUCTION; SUPERRESOLUTION; ALGORITHM AB Various techniques and algorithms have been developed to improve the resolution of sensor-aliased imagery captured with an under-sampled pixelated image plane. In the literature these de-aliasing algorithms are sometimes included under the broad umbrella of super-resolution. One basic approach to multiframe de-aliasing is the well-known noniterative algorithm termed variable pixel linear reconstruction (VPLR) or "drizzling." Many modern techniques are based on iterative optimization of a forward model (objective function). Regardless, both iterative and noniterative techniques rely on estimation of frame-to-frame displacements and rotations to subpixel accuracy. Weights are then solved for and used to distribute low-resolution (LR) pixel values to a high-resolution (HR) grid. One approach used in both VPLR and iterative methods to determine weights is to calculate pixel overlap areas. Well-known spatial domain approaches based on computational geometry exist to perform such calculations. Here we present a novel approach based on exactly calculating overlap areas in the spectral domain, which we call the spectral-overlap (SO) method, and include a comparison with the geometric approach of O'Rourke. All spatial spectra in the SO method are calculated analytically once and for all, resulting in expressions devoid of quadratures. Initial studies indicate that this new algorithm executes about 20 times faster than using the O'Rourke algorithm. The speedup is partly explained by the ability to precompute many quantities involved in the SO approach and apply these quantities to the computation of many distinct spatial overlaps. Application of the algorithm to multiframe de-aliasing is demonstrated using simulated imagery. C1 [Cohen, Edward; Picard, Richard H.] ARCON Corp, 260 Bear Hill Rd,Ste 200, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Crabtree, Peter N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cohen, E (reprint author), ARCON Corp, 260 Bear Hill Rd,Ste 200, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-254-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9227 AR UNSP 922704 DI 10.1117/12.2059221 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB6BB UT WOS:000344552900002 ER PT S AU Dayton, DC Nolasco, R Robinson, ML Lasche, JB AF Dayton, David C. Nolasco, Rudolph Robinson, Mary Lou Lasche, James B. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Comparison of Sensor Noise Effects on FITTS and Projection Based Phase Only Cross Correlation Algorithms for High Speed Video Trackers SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 18-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE FITS Algorithm; Fast Cross-Correlation; Phase Only Matched Filter; LADAR AB The FITTS correlation algorithm has been widely used for over forty years in high speed video trackers. It has the advantage that it is very simply implemented in a digital computer with a small number of calculations. At each step the algorithm attempts to estimate the shift between an image of a moving target and a proto-type image. There are several well-known short comings of the FITTS algorithm. First the error in the shift estimate increases if the shift is greater than one pixel of the digital image. Second the FITTS algorithm is susceptible to errors from sensor noise if the video images have low signal to noise ratio. These errors can force a lower tracker closed loop bandwidth to maintain track loop stability. An alternative correlation tracker algorithm is known as Projection Based Phase Only Correlation. In this paper we compare the two algorithms with respect to the effect of sensor noise. C1 [Dayton, David C.; Nolasco, Rudolph] Appl Technol Assoc, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Robinson, Mary Lou; Lasche, James B.] US Air Force, RDLT, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dayton, DC (reprint author), Appl Technol Assoc, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-254-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9227 AR UNSP 922705 DI 10.1117/12.2062502 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB6BB UT WOS:000344552900003 ER PT S AU Ramezani, H Kottos, T Vitebskiy, I AF Ramezani, Hamidreza Kottos, Tsampikos Vitebskiy, I. BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Unidirectional lasing emerging from frozen light in nonreciprocal cavities SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VI CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Unidirectional lasing; Slow light; Nonreciprocal periodic structures; Magneto optics; Gain medium; Frozen modes; Spectral asymmetry; Stationary inflection point AB We introduce a class of unidirectional lasing modes associated with the frozen mode regime of non-reciprocal slow-wave structures.(1) Such asymmetric modes can only exist in cavities with broken time-reversal and space inversion symmetries. The lasing frequency coincides with a spectral stationary inflection point of the underlying passive structure and it is virtually independent of the size of the cavity. These unidirectional lasers can be indispensable components of photonic integrated circuitry. C1 [Ramezani, Hamidreza] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Vitebskiy, I.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramezani, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ramezani@berkeley.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR09RY04COR]; NSF ECCS [1128571]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550- 14- 1- 0037.] FX This work is partly supported by an Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR09RY04COR, an NSF ECCS1128571 grant and by an AFOSR MURI grant FA9550- 14- 1- 0037. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-189-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9162 AR UNSP 91621R DI 10.1117/12.2063112 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BB5TZ UT WOS:000344105600021 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Maurer, R Guss, P AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Maurer, Richard Guss, Paul BE Burger, A Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M TI Use of a position-sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier tube for finding gamma-ray source direction SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XVI CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT); multi-anode PMT; angular resolution; metal channel dynode; position calculation; gamma-ray imaging AB In an urban environment where gamma-ray background counts vary rapidly, it is important to determine the angle (with respect to the detector system) of a discrete gamma-ray-emitting source for localization purposes. We have recently developed a handheld gamma-ray detection system that provides gamma-ray energy spectral data and angular position of the target source. Careful placement and orientation of individual detectors with reference to other detectors in an array can provide improved angular resolution for determining the source position by occlusion mechanism. The objectives of this project were to design and build a prototype, light-weight, hand-held, gamma-ray spectrometer with directional sensitivity. It is important for first responders in a radiological emergency to have an easy-to-use gamma spectrometric detection system that determines the incident gamma-ray energy along with the relative angular position of a point-like radioactive source in a near-field measurement (<= 3 meters from the source). The technical challenge of this project, driven by search scenarios for monitoring crowds in a national special security events was to determine the relative angle of a gamma-ray-emitting source (50 mu Ci strong) at a distance of 3 meters from the detector in 3 minutes. We designed and built small, portable, light-weight directional gamma energy spectrometers using a position-sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier. All of three spectrometers showed remarkable (Delta Theta = +/- 2 degrees) sensitivity to relative angular position of the source in near-field laboratory measurements. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Maurer, Richard] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Laborat Andrews, Bldg 1783,Arnold Ave, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. [Guss, Paul] Natl Secur Technol, LLC, Remote Sensing Lab, Vegas, NV USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Laborat Andrews, Bldg 1783,Arnold Ave, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. EM mukhops@nv.doe.gov FU National Security Technologies, LLC with the U. S. Department of Energy [DE- AC5206NA25946]; Site- Directed Research and Development Program FX This manuscript has been authored by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE- AC5206NA25946 with the U. S. Department of Energy and supported by the Site- Directed Research and Development Program. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non- exclusive, paid- up, irrevocable, world- wide license to publish or reproduce the published forms of the manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-240-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9213 AR UNSP 92131A DI 10.1117/12.2066238 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5XK UT WOS:000344183600028 ER PT S AU Butler, SD Marciniak, MA Meola, J AF Butler, Samuel D. Marciniak, Michael A. Meola, Joseph BE Mouroulis, P Pagano, TS TI Modeling effects of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function on remote sensing in the LWIR SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XIX CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BRDF; LWIR; remote sensing; scene generation; hyperspectral; computer graphics AB In the LWIR, often one assumes a scene does not contain solar reflection. To test this assumption, a simple scene model is analyzed for two BRDFs: Lambertian and measured data. For certain geometries, non-negligible solar reflection is observed at 8, 10, and 12 microns when using the BRDF data. Additionally, the wavelength variation of the pupil plane radiance data differs from the Lambertian case when using a BRDF, not just the magnitude. These results suggest that even in the LWIR, BRDFs should be incorporated to account for solar radiance effects. C1 [Butler, Samuel D.; Marciniak, Michael A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meola, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Butler, SD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sbutler@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-249-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9222 AR UNSP 92220H DI 10.1117/12.2063549 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JU UT WOS:000343913700012 ER PT S AU Buoni, M Pereira, W Weber, RA Garcia-Cervera, C AF Buoni, Matthew Pereira, Wellesley Weber, Reed A. Garcia-Cervera, Carlos BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Detecting Small Surface Vibrations by Passive Electro-Optical Illumination SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII held a part of the Annual SPIE Optics + Photonics Meeting CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID REFLECTION AB We have performed research to understand the feasibility of using signals received by EOIR sensors to detect small vibrations in surfaces illuminated by sunlight. The vibration models consider buildings with vibrating roofs, as well as ground vibrations due to buried structures. For the surface buildings, we investigated two approaches. One involved treating the roof as an elastic medium subject to deformation resulting in a PDE whose solution describes the fluctuation in the surface's normal direction vector. The second approach treated the roof as a rigid mass subject to motion in six degrees of freedom, while modeling the dynamics of the building's frame, and tuning the parameters to result in resonant frequencies similar to real buildings (similar to 3-7 Hz). We applied the appropriate physical models of reflected and scattered light to various surfaces, specular (insulator or conductor), rough but still reflective, or diffusely scattering (Lambertian). Matlab code was developed to perform numerical simulations of any system configuration described above and easily add new models. The main engine of the code is a signal calculator and analyzer that sums the total intensity of received light over a "scene" with a variety of surface materials, orientations, polarization (if any), and other parameters. A resulting signal versus time is generated that may be analyzed in order to: 1) optimize sensitivity, or 2) detect the vibration signature of a structure of interest. The results of this study will enable scientists/engineers to optimize signal detection, possibly from space, for passive exploitation of scattered light modulated by vibrating surfaces. C1 [Buoni, Matthew] Toyon Res Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Pereira, Wellesley; Weber, Reed A.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Garcia-Cervera, Carlos] Univ Calif, Dept Math, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Buoni, M (reprint author), Toyon Res Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-246-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9219 AR UNSP 92190E DI 10.1117/12.2060212 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5PM UT WOS:000344015800012 ER PT S AU Cunio, PM Weber, R Knobel, K Wager, J Lopez, G AF Cunio, Phillip M. Weber, Reed Knobel, Kimberly Wager, Jason Lopez, Gerardo BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Investigating Potential Correlations Between Jet Engine Noise and Plume Dynamics in the Hypertemporal Infrared Domain SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII held a part of the Annual SPIE Optics + Photonics Meeting CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fast framing; jet plume; acoustic noise; electro-optical imaging AB Jet engine noise can be a hazard and environmental pollutant, affecting personnel working in close proximity to jet engines. Mitigating the effects of jet engine noise could reduce the potential for hearing loss in runway workers, but engine noise is not yet sufficiently well-characterized that it can easily be mitigated for new engine designs. That is, there exists a very complex relationship between jet engine design parameters, operating conditions, and resultant noise power levels. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the utility of high-speed imaging (also called hypertemporal imaging) in correlating the infrared signatures of jet aircraft engines with acoustic noise from the jet engines. This paper will focus on a theoretical analysis of jet engine infrared signatures, and will define potentially-detectable characteristics of such signatures in the hypertemporal domain. A systematic test campaign to determine whether such signatures actually exist and can be correlated with acoustic jet engine characteristics will be proposed. The detection of any hypertemporal signatures in association with acoustic signatures of jet engines will enable the use of a new domain in characterizing jet engine noise. This may in turn enable new methods of predicting or mitigating jet engine noise, which could lead to benefits for operators of large numbers of jet engines. C1 [Cunio, Phillip M.; Weber, Reed; Knobel, Kimberly; Wager, Jason; Lopez, Gerardo] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cunio, PM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-246-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9219 AR 92190D DI 10.1117/12.2064422 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5PM UT WOS:000344015800011 ER PT S AU Marchant, A Fish, C Yao, J Cunio, PM Pereira, W AF Marchant, Alan Fish, Chad Yao, Jie Cunio, Phillip M. Pereira, Wellesley BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Feasibility considerations for a long-range passive vibrometer SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII held a part of the Annual SPIE Optics + Photonics Meeting CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE passive vibrometer; remote sensing; phototransistor; high framerate; BRDF; scintillation ID SCINTILLATION AB High-framerate imaging enables the long-range characterization of the vibration modes and amplitudes of a passively illuminated structure. The vibration signature arises from modulation of the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) as the surface normal oscillates with respect to a fixed, directional source. In this paper we consider the instrument design characteristics and environmental factors that limit passive vibrometer performance including BRDF angle sensitivity, receiver spatial resolution, interference from atmospheric scintillation, and intrinsic detector performance. We here identify a sensor architecture that is capable of characterizing surface vibration at amplitudes below 1 mrad root mean square (RMS) and discuss detector technology that can further improve long-range vibrometer sensitivity. C1 [Yao, Jie] Wavefront LLC, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 USA. [Marchant, Alan] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Fish, Chad] Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Cunio, Phillip M.; Pereira, Wellesley] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), Wavefront LLC, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 USA. EM jieyao@wavefrontllc.us FU AFRL through STTR [FA9453-13-M-0056] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from AFRL through STTR contract FA9453-13-M-0056. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-246-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9219 AR UNSP 92190F DI 10.1117/12.2064419 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5PM UT WOS:000344015800013 ER PT S AU Ariyawansa, G Steenbergen, E Bissell, LJ Duran, JM Scheihing, JE Eismann, MT AF Ariyawansa, Gamini Steenbergen, Elizabeth Bissell, Luke J. Duran, Joshua M. Scheihing, John E. Eismann, Michael T. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Absorption Characteristics of Mid-Wave Infrared Type-II Superlattices SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XL SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAY 04-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Infrared detector; absorption coefficient; superlattice; InAs/GaSb; InAs/InAsSb ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; DETECTORS; GASB; GAAS AB Mid-wave infrared (MWIR) spectral range has become a spectral region of choice for forward looking infrared sensor systems on military aircraft due to the advantages of greater image contrast, enhanced diffraction-limited resolution, and lower cost focal plane arrays (FPAs) with high operability. Today's MWIR FPA technology is primarily based on mature semiconductor materials such as InSb and HgCdTe; however, the recently emerged MWIR type-II superlattice (T2SL) technology is of future interest. Although T2SL material development and device design efforts have advanced to the FPA stage, there are still some areas of basic material research that need to be investigated. One basic area focused in this work is the infrared absorption characteristics of T2SL structures based on both InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb material systems. Optical constants are obtained by infrared transmission spectroscopy and the use of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry is also explored. T2SL detectors have proven to be the next candidate for high operating temperature MWIR detectors due to acceptably low dark currents; however, approaching the quantum efficiency of InSb detectors remains a challenge. C1 [Ariyawansa, Gamini; Steenbergen, Elizabeth; Bissell, Luke J.; Duran, Joshua M.; Scheihing, John E.; Eismann, Michael T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ariyawansa, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gamini.Ariyawansa.ctr.lk@us.af.mil NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-007-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9070 AR 90701J DI 10.1117/12.2057506 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB5UG UT WOS:000344113500052 ER PT S AU Epstein, RI Hehlen, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Melgaard, SD AF Epstein, Richard I. Hehlen, Markus P. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor Melgaard, Seth D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Optical cryocoolers for sensors and electronics SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XL SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAY 04-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Solid-state laser refrigeration; Optical cryocooler; Rare-earth doped crystals and glasses; Ytterbium; Heat lift ID REFRIGERATION AB Solid-state optical refrigeration is an emerging cooling technology that can provide vibration free and reliable refrigeration to cryogenic temperatures in a lightweight and compact device. The technology has matured over the past two decades and is currently being considered for applications where the mechanical vibrations, limited reliability, or insufficient portability of existing cooling technologies pose challenges. Possible applications include satellite-borne infrared imaging, laser metrology, and gamma-ray spectroscopy as well as high-reliability cooling of semiconductors and high-temperature superconductors. The best results achieved so far have been in cooling rare-earth-doped solids, especially materials doped with ytterbium. We discuss the fundamental physical principles of solid-state laser cooling, the resulting material and device design requirements, and the estimated payload heat lift of an optical cryocooler. C1 [Epstein, Richard I.] ThermoDynam Films LLC, 1313 Madrid Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Hehlen, Markus P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Epstein, RI (reprint author), ThermoDynam Films LLC, 1313 Madrid Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. EM richard.epstein@gmail.com FU AFRL under SBIR [FA9453- 14- M- 0055]; AFOSR under STTR [FA9550- 13- C- 0006]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the Department of Energy ( DOE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory and supported by LANL/ LDRD program [20140275ER]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory FX ThermoDynamic Films and the University of New Mexico received support for this work from the AFRL under SBIR contract FA9453- 14- M- 0055 and from the AFOSR under STTR contract FA9550- 13- C- 0006. The work of M. P. H. was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the Department of Energy ( DOE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory and supported by LANL/ LDRD program 20140275ER. Parts of this research were performed while S. D. M. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-007-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9070 AR UNSP 90702K DI 10.1117/12.2052941 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB5UG UT WOS:000344113500087 ER PT S AU Savich, GR Sidor, DE Du, X Jain, M Morath, CP Cowan, VM Kim, JK Klem, JF Leonhardt, D Hawkins, SD Fortune, TR Tauke-Pedretti, A Wicks, GW AF Savich, G. R. Sidor, D. E. Du, X. Jain, M. Morath, C. P. Cowan, V. M. Kim, J. K. Klem, J. F. Leonhardt, D. Hawkins, S. D. Fortune, T. R. Tauke-Pedretti, A. Wicks, G. W. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Defect related dark currents in III-V MWIR nBn detectors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XL SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAY 04-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; MWIR; nBn; photodiode; defects; irradiation; lattice mismatch; dark current AB The effect of defects on the dark current characteristics of MWIR, III-V nBn detectors has been studied. Two different types of defects are compared, those produced by lattice mismatch and by proton irradiation. It is shown that the introduction of defects always elevates dark currents; however the effect on dark current is different for nBn detectors and conventional photodiodes. The dark currents of nBn detectors are found to be more tolerant of defects compared to pn-junction based devices. Defects more weakly increase dark currents, and cooling reduces the defect-produced dark currents more rapidly in nBn detectors than in conventional photodiodes. C1 [Savich, G. R.; Sidor, D. E.; Du, X.; Jain, M.; Wicks, G. W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Morath, C. P.; Cowan, V. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kim, J. K.; Klem, J. F.; Leonhardt, D.; Hawkins, S. D.; Fortune, T. R.; Tauke-Pedretti, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Savich, GR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM wicks@optics.rochester.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-007-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9070 AR UNSP 907011 DI 10.1117/12.2050535 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB5UG UT WOS:000344113500035 ER PT S AU Basu, S Hyde, MW McCrae, JE Spencer, MF Fiorino, ST AF Basu, Santasri Hyde, Milo W. McCrae, Jack E. Spencer, Mark F. Fiorino, Steven T. BE VanEijk, AMJ Davis, CC Hammel, SM TI Examining the validity of using a Gaussian Schell Model for modeling an extended beacon on a rough perfectly reflecting surface SO LASER COMMUNICATION AND PROPAGATION THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Laser Communication and Propagation through the Atmosphere and Oceans CY AUG 17-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Extended beacons; Gaussian Schell Model; rough surface scattering; Physical Optics; Turbulence ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; BEAM AB In military applications that use adaptive optics, an extended beacon instead of a point source beacon is created at the target due to atmospheric turbulence and other factors. These beacons, which have a finite spatial extent and exhibit varying degrees of coherence, are typically modeled in existing literature as a Gaussian Schell Model (GSM) due to its analytical tractability. Earlier, we used a full wave computational technique to evaluate the scattered field from a rough impedance surface in vacuum. The results showed some deviations from GSM behavior. The present work uses a simulation approach based on Physical Optics (PO) approximation to study the scattering behavior in presence of atmospheric turbulence. A fully coherent Gaussian beam is propagated through atmospheric phase screens to the rough surface target plane. The PO current is computed on the rough surface and the scattered field right above the surface is determined. The scattered light is propagated through a second set of atmospheric phase screens and thus the double passage through the atmosphere is realized. The rough surface is simulated using statistical parameters derived from profilometer measurements of standard targets. Through multiple realizations of the atmosphere and the rough surface, the statistics of the scattered field is determined. The simulations are done with different strengths of turbulence and different roughness scales of the target. The results are compared with a GSM. An effects model where the rough surface is modeled as a phase screen has also been implemented in order to verify the nature of the speckle returns. C1 [Basu, Santasri; McCrae, Jack E.; Spencer, Mark F.; Fiorino, Steven T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basu, Santasri; McCrae, Jack E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37380 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM santasri.basu.ctr.in@afit.edu FU appointment to the Postdoctoral Research Participation Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postdoctoral Research Participation Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and AFIT. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-251-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9224 AR UNSP 92240L DI 10.1117/12.2062153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB5XH UT WOS:000344182200019 ER PT J AU Macdonald, PA AF Macdonald, Paul A., Jr. TI ANALYTIC THEOLOGY: A SUMMARY, EVALUATION, AND DEFENSE SO MODERN THEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Macdonald, PA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 1A61, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-7177 EI 1468-0025 J9 MOD THEOL JI Mod. Theol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 32 EP 65 DI 10.1111/moth.12052 PG 34 WC Religion SC Religion GA AS3TY UT WOS:000344202100002 ER PT S AU Williams, AD Ouchen, F Kim, S Ngo, YH Elhamri, S Mou, S Kozlowski, G Naik, RR Grote, J AF Williams, Adrienne D. Ouchen, Fahima Kim, Steve Ngo, Yen H. Elhamri, Said Mou, Shin Kozlowski, Gregory Naik, Rajesh R. Grote, James BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Investigation of a DNA Nucleobase as a Gate Dielectric for Potential Application in a Graphene-based Field Effect Transistor SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VII CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB In this study, we investigated the effect of substrates on the electrical properties of transferred graphene. A wide range of substrates such as silicon carbide (SiC), glass, kapton, photo-print paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Willow glass were selected based on their surface properties, flexibility and lattice match. Four monolayers of graphene were transferred onto each of these substrates. A comparative study of the electrical characteristics of the transferred graphene film only and graphene/guanine film on the different substrates was undertaken. C1 [Williams, Adrienne D.; Ouchen, Fahima; Kim, Steve; Ngo, Yen H.; Mou, Shin; Naik, Rajesh R.; Grote, James] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Williams, Adrienne D.; Kozlowski, Gregory] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Williams, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU US Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the US Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support of this study. Acknowledgment is also due to Gerald Landis for his support with substrate preparations. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-198-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9171 AR UNSP 91710C DI 10.1117/12.2063170 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BB5XO UT WOS:000344185300003 ER PT S AU Yaney, PP Ouchen, F Grote, JG AF Yaney, Perry P. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Summary report on AFRL studies of the optical and electrical properties of biopolymers using salmon DNA SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VII CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA-CTMA; electrical; optical & electrooptical; OFET & OLED; Raman; energy storage; TOF; aligned DNA; EMI shielding ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ACID; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPLEXES; LAYER AB The Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) began studies of deoxyribonuclaic acid (DNA) as a polymer material in 2001 due to the availability of multi-gram quantities of 98% pure DNA extracted from Japanese salmon waste products. The research studies that followed explored the electrical, optical and electrooptical characteristics of thin films of DNA combined with the surfactant hexacytltrimethylammonium chloride making the resulting DNA-CTMA complex soluble in most polar solvents and insoluble in water. The films were produced mainly by spin coating although other techniques were also used. The focus was to measure the fundamental properties, such as volume electrical resistivity, dielectric constant, refractive index and thermal conductivity, and to explore various applications using test device configurations such as an optical modulator, OFET, OLED and energy storage capacitor fabricated using DNA-CTMA. The initial high molecular weight of 2,000 to >8,000 kDa was reduced by high power ultrasonic treatment, which provided molecular weight materials from 1,000 down to similar to 200 kDa. These lower molecular weight materials revealed changes in some properties of the DNA-CTMA material. This paper brings together the results of these studies to show the potential of DNA as a polymer material. C1 [Yaney, Perry P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James G.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yaney, PP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-198-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9171 AR UNSP 91710J DI 10.1117/12.2070435 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BB5XO UT WOS:000344185300008 ER PT S AU Bergeson, JD Bommena, R Fahey, S Cowan, V Morath, C Velicu, S AF Bergeson, Jeremy D. Bommena, Ramana Fahey, Stephen Cowan, Vincent Morath, Christian Velicu, Silviu BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Mid and long wavelength infrared HgCdTe photodetectors exposed to proton radiation SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VIII CY AUG 18-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HgCdTe; infrared; photodetector; proton irradiation; radiation exposure; degradation ID PHOTODIODES; MBE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; OPERATION; ARRAYS AB Exposure to proton radiation degrades the performance of wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe photodetectors to varying degrees depending on the dose and energy of the incident particles. We report an experimental characterization of test devices of multiple sizes and configurations designed to investigate the effect proton radiation has on detector performance. Photodetector devices, from test element devices to fully functional focal plane arrays, are processed into MWIR and LWIR HgCdTe material grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), in both single and two-color architectures, on CdZnTe and CdTe-buffered Si substrates. The devices receive doses of 30 krad(Si) and 100 krad(Si) from an incident beam of 63 MeV protons. The lower dose induces negligible degradation. At the higher dose, MWIR detectors begin to show reduced activation energy for higher temperatures, while LWIR detectors are more strongly affected with the activation energy being halved following proton irradiation. C1 [Bergeson, Jeremy D.; Fahey, Stephen; Velicu, Silviu] EPIR Technol Inc, 590 Terr Dr, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Bommena, Ramana; Cowan, Vincent; Morath, Christian] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bergeson, JD (reprint author), EPIR Technol Inc, 590 Terr Dr, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM jbergeson@epir.com FU U.S. Air Force through SBIR [FA9453-13-C-0110] FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Air Force through SBIR contract number FA9453-13-C-0110. The authors would like to thank Jun Zhao, Joseph Chytla, Richard Kodama, and Jin Hwan Park for the MBE growth of material used in this study; Sutharsan Ketharanathan for FPA imagery and characterization; and Fikri Aqariden for providing feedback. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-253-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9226 AR UNSP 92260P DI 10.1117/12.2064074 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JO UT WOS:000343911900022 ER PT S AU Hopkins, FK Benken, A Walsh, KM Jones, J Averett, K AF Hopkins, F. Kenneth Benken, Alexander Walsh, Kevin M. Jones, John Averett, Kent BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Germanium Devices for Integrated Photonic Circuits SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VIII CY AUG 18-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE integrated photonics; germanium; photodetector ID LASER AB World-wide interest in germanium-on-silicon photonics has grown enormously during the past few years. We report on our study of germanium deposition for which we found that there is potential to engineer films with significant increases in hole mobility. In addition, we report on our development of wet-etch techniques to pattern thin films and to form tapered regions of Ge, both important for the fabrication of Ge photonic devices. C1 [Hopkins, F. Kenneth; Jones, John; Averett, Kent] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Benken, Alexander; Walsh, Kevin M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Hopkins, FK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-253-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9226 AR UNSP 92260I DI 10.1117/12.2061080 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JO UT WOS:000343911900018 ER PT S AU Jenkins, GD Morath, CP Cowan, VM AF Jenkins, Geoffrey D. Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vincent M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI In-situ minority carrier recombination lifetime measurements at radiation sources for rad-hard IR detector materials SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VIII CY AUG 18-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE proton; radiation; lifetime; minority; carrier; TRPL; photoluminescence ID INFRARED DETECTORS AB Minority carrier recombination lifetime (MCRL) is a key material parameter for space-based infrared (IR) detector performance affecting both dark current and responsivity. Displacement damage due to energetic massive particles in space environments, such as protons, can significantly degrade the recombination lifetime, thereby reducing detector performance. Therefore, characterizing the change in MCRL with proton dose is of general interest from a radiation-hardness perspective. So-called "bag tests," or measurements taken prior to and following room temperature proton irradiation of the device, are often of limited value to MCRL characterization since thermal annealing effects may be present. Here, progress toward a portable MCRL measurement system employing time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) is presented. This system can be taken to remote radiation sources where irradiation can be performed on samples followed by TRPL measurements while maintaining temperature throughout. Ideally, this system permits measurement of a lifetime radiation damage factor constant, or the change in lifetime with step-wise changes in proton dose, which is a measure of the defect introduction rate. The pulsed-laser driven TRPL measurement system is able to interrogate IR materials of interest mounted in an optical cryostat held indefinitely at a desired temperature. A system description is given and results of verification measurements are discussed for several IR detector materials. C1 [Jenkins, Geoffrey D.; Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vincent M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jenkins, GD (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-253-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9226 AR 92260S DI 10.1117/12.2064565 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JO UT WOS:000343911900025 ER PT S AU Ramirez, DA Plis, EA Myers, S Treider, LA Garduno, E Morath, CP Cowan, VM Krishna, S AF Ramirez, David A. Plis, Elena A. Myers, Stephen Treider, Laura A. Garduno, Eli Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vincent M. Krishna, Sanjay BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI High operating temperature midwave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors based on type II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VIII CY AUG 18-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Midwave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors that do not require cryogenic cooling would significantly reduce the complexity of the cooling system, which would lead to a reduction in the size, weight, and cost of the detection system. The key aspect to realize high operating temperature (HOT) photodetectors is to design device structures that exhibit significantly lower levels of dark current compared to the existing technologies. One of the most attractive material systems to develop HOT photodetectors is InAs/GaSb Type II Strained layer Superlattice (SLS). This is due the ability of Type II SLS materials to engineer the band structure of the device, which can be exploited to make devices with unipolar barriers. It has been shown that, compared to the traditional homojunction SLS devices, band-gap engineered unipolar barrier SLS devices can obtain significantly lower levels of dark current. In this work, we report on the design, growth, and fabrication of mid wave infrared detectors based on type-II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice for high operating temperatures. The device architecture is the double-barrier heterostructure, pBiBn design. Under an applied bias of -10 mV and an operating temperature of 200 K, the tested devices show a dark current density of 4 x 10(-3) A/cm(2) and a quantum efficiency of 27%. At 4.5 mu m and 200 K, the devices show a zero-bias specific detectivity of 4.4 x 10(10) Jones. C1 [Ramirez, David A.; Plis, Elena A.; Myers, Stephen; Krishna, Sanjay] Skinfrared LLC, Lobo Venture Lab 801, Univ Blvd,Suite 205, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Treider, Laura A.; Garduno, Eli; Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vincent M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ramirez, DA (reprint author), Skinfrared LLC, Lobo Venture Lab 801, Univ Blvd,Suite 205, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. FU Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) [FA945312- M-0345, FA9453-14-C-0032]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This work was supported by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program under the contracts FA945312- M-0345 and FA9453-14-C-0032, sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-253-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9226 AR UNSP 92260Q DI 10.1117/12.2064045 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JO UT WOS:000343911900023 ER PT S AU Savich, GR Sidor, DE Du, X Morath, CP Cowan, VM Wicks, GW AF Savich, G. R. Sidor, D. E. Du, X. Morath, C. P. Cowan, V. M. Wicks, G. W. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Effect of defects on III-V MWIR nBn detector performance SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VIII CY AUG 18-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; MWIR; nBn; photodiode; defects; irradiation; lattice mismatch; dark current AB Under elevated defect concentrations, MWIR, III-V nBn detectors exhibit diffusion limited performance with elevated dark current densities. The resulting diffusion current is limited by the generation of carriers through defect states in the neutral n-type absorber and a dark current dependence on the defect density described by one of two limits, a short absorber or long absorber limit. This characteristic contrasts that exhibited by defect limited, conventional pn junction based photodiodes which exhibit performance limited by Shockley-Read-Hall generation in the depletion layer rather than diffusion based processes. C1 [Savich, G. R.; Sidor, D. E.; Du, X.; Wicks, G. W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Morath, C. P.; Cowan, V. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Savich, GR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM wicks@optics.rochester.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-253-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9226 AR UNSP 92260R DI 10.1117/12.2064229 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JO UT WOS:000343911900024 ER PT J AU Mamangun, DMD Santana, JL Ouchen, F Grote, JG Sotzing, GA AF Mamangun, Donna Marie D. Santana, Jose L. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Orthogonal alignment of DNA using hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent for film castings (vol 4, pg 39798, 2014) SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Mamangun, Donna Marie D.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Santana, Jose L.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, 55 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 94 BP 52155 EP 52155 DI 10.1039/c4ra90032d PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AS6RB UT WOS:000344389000043 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, Peter L. BE Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR Marasco, PL Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Gradient index eyepiece technology for head-mounted display applications SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VIII; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VIII CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Eyepiece design; GRIN optics; Gradient index optics; M-GRIN AB Eyepieces used in full color head-mounted displays require a high degree achromatization to exhibit the level of performance required by observers. Many times, this leads to the use of dense glass materials and multi-element systems. The advent of new gradient index material systems as part of the DARPA-sponsored Manufacturable Gradient Index Optics (M-GRIN) may yield new design degrees of freedom for eyepiece and HMD designers. New plastic material systems may be used to simplify eyepiece design and shorten the eyepiece overall length, pulling the entire HMD system closer to the observer's head and improving systems center of gravity. This paper will examine the possibility of using large aperture GRIN optics to achromatize an eyepiece and reduce its overall mass. Assumptions about the material system (index of refraction (n) and delta n) and a candidate full color microdisplay will be clearly stated and may not reflect any commercially available system. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, New York, NY USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, New York, NY USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-023-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9086 AR 90860V DI 10.1117/12.2053044 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GU UT WOS:000343864900019 ER PT S AU McIntire, JP Ellis, SA Harrington, LK Havig, PR AF McIntire, John P. Ellis, Sharon A. Harrington, Lawrence K. Havig, Paul R. BE Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR Marasco, PL Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Subjective evaluations of multiple three-dimensional displays by a stereo-deficient viewer: An interesting case study SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VIII; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VIII CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE stereoscopy; 3D; stereoblindness; stereo deficiency; binocular vision; subjective metrics; case study ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; SOUND-LOCALIZATION; BLIND HUMANS AB A study was conducted with sixteen observers evaluating four different three-dimensional (3D) displays for usability, quality, and physical comfort. One volumetric display and three different stereoscopic displays were tested. The observers completed several different types of questionnaires before, during and after each test session. All observers were tested for distance acuity, color vision, and stereoscopic acuity. One observer in particular appeared to have either degraded or absent binocular vision on the stereo acuity test. During the subjective portions of the data collection, this observer showed no obvious signs of depth perception problems and finished the study with no issues reported. Upon further post-hoc stereovision testing of this observer, we discovered that he essentially failed all tests requiring depth judgments of fine disparity and had at best only gross levels of stereoscopic vision (failed all administered stereoacuity threshold tests, testing up to about 800 arc sec of disparity). When questioned about this, the stereo-deficiency was unknown to the observer, who reported having seen several stereoscopic 3D movies (and enjoyed the 3D experiences). Interestingly, we had collected subjective reports about the quality of three-dimensional imagery across multiple stereoscopic displays from a person with deficient stereo-vision. We discuss the participant's unique pattern of results and compare and contrast these results with the other stereo-normal participants. The implications for subjective measurements on stereoscopic three-dimensional displays and for subjective display measurement in general are considered. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Ellis, Sharon A.; Havig, Paul R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV, Dayton, OH USA. EM john.mcintire.1@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-023-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9086 AR 908605 DI 10.1117/12.2054051 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GU UT WOS:000343864900004 ER PT S AU Gning, A Teacy, WTL Pelapur, RV AliAkbarpour, H Palaniappan, K Seetharaman, G Julier, SJ AF Gning, A. Teacy, W. T. L. Pelapur, R. V. AliAkbarpour, H. Palaniappan, K. Seetharaman, G. Julier, S. J. BE Pellechia, MF Palaniappan, K Dockstader, SL Doucette, PJ Self, D TI The Effect of State Dependent Probability of Detection in Multitarget Tracking Applications SO GEOSPATIAL INFOFUSION AND VIDEO ANALYTICS IV; AND MOTION IMAGERY FOR ISR AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geospatial InfoFusion and Video Analytics IV and Motion Imagery for ISR and Situational Awareness II CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Maryland, MA SP SPIE AB Through its ability to create situation awareness, multi-target target tracking is an extremely important capability for almost any kind of surveillance and tracking system. Many approaches have been proposed to address its inherent challenges. However, the majority of these approaches make two assumptions: the probability of detection and the clutter rate are constant. However, neither are likely to be true in practice. For example, as the projected size of a target becomes smaller as it moves further from the sensor, the probability of detection will decline. When target detection is carried out using templates, clutter rate will depend on how much the environment resembles the current target of interest. In this paper, we begin to investigate the impacts on these effects. Using a simulation environment inspired by the challenges of Wide Area Surveillance (WAS), we develop a state dependent formulation for probability of detection and clutter. The impacts of these models are compared in a simulated urban environment populated by multiple vehicles and cursed with occlusions. The results show that accurate modelling the effects of occlusion and degradation in detection, significant improvements in performance can be obtained. C1 [Gning, A.; Julier, S. J.] UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Teacy, W. T. L.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Pelapur, R. V.; AliAkbarpour, H.; Palaniappan, K.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Seetharaman, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Gning, A (reprint author), UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-12-1-2142]; AFRL [FA8750-14-C-0043, FA8750-14-2-0072, FA8750-14-C-0047] FX This work was partially sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-12-1-2142 and AFRL grants FA8750-14-C-0043, FA8750-14-2-0072 and FA8750-14-C-0047.; The U.S Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-026-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9089 AR UNSP 908905 DI 10.1117/12.2053968 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BB5GL UT WOS:000343859300004 ER PT S AU Prasath, VBS Pelapur, R Palaniappan, K Seetharaman, G AF Prasath, V. B. Surya Pelapur, Rengarajan Palaniappan, Kannappan Seetharaman, Gunasekaran BE Pellechia, MF Palaniappan, K Dockstader, SL Doucette, PJ Self, D TI Feature Fusion and Label Propagation for Textured Object Video Segmentation SO GEOSPATIAL INFOFUSION AND VIDEO ANALYTICS IV; AND MOTION IMAGERY FOR ISR AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geospatial InfoFusion and Video Analytics IV and Motion Imagery for ISR and Situational Awareness II CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Maryland, MA SP SPIE ID ACTIVE CONTOURS; MODELS AB We study an efficient texture segmentation model for multichannel videos using a local feature fitting based active contour scheme. We propose a flexible motion segmentation approach using fused features computed from texture and intensity components in a globally convex continuous optimization and fusion framework. A fast numerical implementation is demonstrated using an efficient dual minimization formulation. The novel contributions include the fusion of local feature density functions including luminance-chromaticity and local texture in a globally convex active contour variational method, combined with label propagation in scale space using noisy sparse object labels initialized from long term optical flow-based point trajectories. We provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of this novel multi-scale label propagation approach to video object segmentation using synthetic textured video objects embedded in a noisy background and starting with sparse label set trajectories for each object. C1 [Prasath, V. B. Surya; Pelapur, Rengarajan; Palaniappan, Kannappan] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Seetharaman, Gunasekaran] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Prasath, VBS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM prasaths@missouri.edu OI Prasath, Surya/0000-0001-7163-7453 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [AFRL FA8750-14-2-0072] FX This research was partially supported by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under agreement AFRL FA8750-14-2-0072. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of AFRL or the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-026-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9089 AR UNSP 908904 DI 10.1117/12.2052983 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BB5GL UT WOS:000343859300003 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Easter, M Gumbs, G Maradudin, AA Lin, SY Cardimona, D Zhang, X AF Huang, Danhong Easter, Michelle Gumbs, Godfrey Maradudin, A. A. Lin, Shawn-Yu Cardimona, Dave Zhang, Xiang BE Hanssen, LM TI Surface-Plasmon Field Controlled Quantum-Dot Light Absorption and Spontaneous Emission SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces IV CY AUG 17-18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface plasmon; quantum dot; light absorption; spontaneous emission ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS AB The possibility for controlling both the probe-field optical gain and absorption switching as well as photon conversion by a surface-plasmon-polariton near field is explored for a quantum dot located above a metal surface. In contrast to the linear response in the weak-coupling regime, the obtained spectra could show an induced optical gain and a triply-split spontaneous emission peak resulting from the interference between the surface-plasmon field and the probe or self-emitted light field in such a strongly-coupled nonlinear system. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Cardimona, Dave] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Easter, Michelle] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] City Univ New York, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lin, Shawn-Yu] Dept Elect, Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU AFRL [FA 9453-13-1-0291] FX DH would like to thank the support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). GG was supported by contract # FA 9453-13-1-0291 of AFRL. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-232-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9205 AR UNSP 920504 DI 10.1117/12.2060165 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5HO UT WOS:000343875400003 ER PT J AU Iocozzia, J Xu, H Pang, XC Xia, HP Bunning, T White, T Lin, ZQ AF Iocozzia, James Xu, Hui Pang, Xinchang Xia, Haiping Bunning, Timothy White, Timothy Lin, Zhiqun TI Star-like polymer click-functionalized with small capping molecules: an initial investigation into properties and improving solubility in liquid crystals SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CYCLODEXTRIN-CORE; UNIMOLECULAR MICELLES; COMBINATION; CHEMISTRY; ATRP; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITION; CHIRALITY AB A novel class of polymer, star-like poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) capped with 4-isocyano-4'-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) biphenyl (CNBP), with a well-defined size was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click reaction (i.e., azide-alkyne cyclization). The star-like architecture was composed of 21 separate arms connected to a high-functionality beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) core. The inner star-like PtBA blocks were hydrolyzed into poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), yielding star-like CNBP-capped PAA (i.e., star-like PAA-CNBP). The starlike polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to confirm narrow size distribution, as well as being examined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to verify successful attachment of the click-functionalized capping agent (i.e., CNBP) with structural similarity to low molar mass liquid crystal, 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB). Structure and phase behavior were evaluated by AFM and optical imaging. Star-like PAA-CNBP was found to possess improved solubility in a liquid crystal host and interesting surface structures. C1 [Iocozzia, James; Pang, Xinchang; Lin, Zhiqun] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xu, Hui; Xia, Haiping] Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 36105, Peoples R China. [Xu, Hui; Xia, Haiping] Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Xiamen 36105, Peoples R China. [Bunning, Timothy; White, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, ZQ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil; zhiqun.lin@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0162]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (BIONIC Center seed grant); AFOSR; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was financially supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-1-0162; BIONIC Center seed grant). TJW and TJB acknowledge the financial support of AFOSR and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 91 BP 50212 EP 50219 DI 10.1039/c4ra09597a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AR6TC UT WOS:000343715000089 ER PT S AU Blakeslee, BA Zelnio, EG Koditschek, DE AF Blakeslee, B. A. Zelnio, E. G. Koditschek, D. E. BE Kadar, I TI A Numerical Study of Sensory-Guided Multiple Views for Improved Object Identification SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIII CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE AB We explore the potential on-line adjustment of sensory controls for improved object identification and discrimination in the context of a simulated high resolution camera system carried onboard a maneuverable robotic platform that can actively choose its observational position and pose. Our early numerical studies suggest the significant efficacy and enhanced performance achieved by even very simple feedback-driven iteration of the view in contrast to identification from a fixed pose, uninformed by any active adaptation. Specifically, we contrast the discriminative performance of the same conventional classification system when informed by: a random glance at a vehicle; two random glances at a vehicle; or a random glance followed by a guided second look. After each glance, edge detection algorithms isolate the most salient features of the image and template matching is performed through the use of the Hausdorff distance, comparing the simulated sensed images with reference images of the vehicles. We present initial simulation statistics that overwhelmingly favor the third scenario. We conclude with a sketch of our near-future steps in this study that will entail: the incorporation of more sophisticated image processing and template matching algorithms; more complex discrimination tasks such as distinguishing between two similar vehicles or vehicles in motion; more realistic models of the observers mobility including platform dynamics and eventually environmental constraints; and expanding the sensing task beyond the identification of a specified object selected from a pre-defined library of alternatives. C1 [Blakeslee, B. A.; Koditschek, D. E.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zelnio, E. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Blakeslee, BA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-028-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9091 AR UNSP 909116 DI 10.1117/12.2050655 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GT UT WOS:000343864000039 ER PT S AU Fenstermacher, L AF Fenstermacher, Laurie BE Kadar, I TI Open Source Information: Implications for Information Fusion in Contested Environments SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIII CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE information fusion; fusion; open source information; social media; meaning making; sensemaking ID CONFLICT; COOPERATION AB Gathering information in anti-access, area denial locations will require new ways to collect and interpret information. It will also require a new emphasis on certain sources of information; for example, open source information (including the sources of information labeled "social media"). Open source information (including social media) can provide information on emergent behaviors (e. g., group mobilization), influential persons within a network and can be used to forecast future behaviors and events. Various analytic approaches exist or are being developed to make use of open source information, including social network analysis, language/sentiment/affect processing, statistical (correlational) analysis, behavior modeling and simulation, but gaps remain in enabling humans to do meaning making from the information, including meaning regarding threat. Open source information inherently comes from humans and thus there are a variety of issues: bias, trustworthiness, accuracy, representativeness. All of that makes it difficult to do source characterization and establish pedigree. Further, there is a natural tendency to discount or weight open source information less highly than information from traditional intelligence sources. Open source information provides important context for understanding a situation or threat, interpreting patterns and uncovering hidden meaning and elucidating the worldview of the individual and/or group; thus, any information fusion method should preserve salient contextual information. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fenstermacher, L (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXM,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-028-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9091 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GT UT WOS:000343864000005 ER PT S AU Fenstermacher, L AF Fenstermacher, Laurie BE Kadar, I TI Information Fusion: Telling a Story (or Threat Narrative) SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIII CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE fusion; information fusion; worldview; threat narrative; hard and soft fusion; high level information fusion; sensemaking; meaning making; threat refinement ID SENSEMAKING AB Today's operators face a "double whammy"-the need to process increasing amounts of information, including "Twitter-INT" 1 (social information such as Facebook, You-Tube videos, blogs, Twitter) as well as the need to discern threat signatures in new security environments, including those in which the airspace is contested. To do this will require the Air Force to "fuse and leverage its vast capabilities in new ways." 2 For starters, the integration of quantitative and qualitative information must be done in a way that preserves important contextual information since the goal increasingly is to identify and mitigate violence before it occurs. To do so requires a more nuanced understanding of the environment being sensed, including the human environment, ideally from the "emic" perspective; that is, from the perspective of that individual or group. This requires not only data and information that informs the understanding of how the individuals and/or groups see themselves and others (social identity) but also information on how that identity filters information in their environment which, in turn, shapes their behaviors. 3 The goal is to piece together the individual and/or collective narratives regarding threat, the threat narrative, from various sources of information. Is there a threat? If so, what is it? What is motivating the threat? What is the intent of those who pose the threat and what are their capabilities and their vulnerabilities?(4) This paper will describe preliminary investigations regarding the application of prototype hybrid information fusion method based on the threat narrative framework. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fenstermacher, L (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-028-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9091 AR 90910Q DI 10.1117/12.2053452 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GT UT WOS:000343864000028 ER PT S AU Holloway, H Jones, EK Kaluzniacki, A Blasch, E Tierno, J AF Holloway, Hillary Jones, Eric K. Kaluzniacki, Andrew Blasch, Erik Tierno, Jorge BE Kadar, I TI Activity Recognition using Video Event Segmentation with Text (VEST) SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIII CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Multi-int fusion; edge detection; clustering AB Multi-Intelligence (multi-INT) data includes video, text, and signals that require analysis by operators. Analysis methods include information fusion approaches such as filtering, correlation, and association. In this paper, we discuss the Video Event Segmentation with Text (VEST) method, which provides event boundaries of an activity to compile related message and video clips for future interest. VEST infers meaningful activities by clustering multiple streams of time-sequenced multi-INT intelligence data and derived fusion products. We discuss exemplar results that segment raw full-motion video (FMV) data by using extracted commentary message timestamps, FMV metadata, and user-defined queries. C1 [Holloway, Hillary; Jones, Eric K.; Kaluzniacki, Andrew] Syst & Technol Res, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Tierno, Jorge] Barnstorm Res Corp, Malden, MA 02148 USA. RP Holloway, H (reprint author), Syst & Technol Res, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM hillary.holloway@stresearch.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF [FA8750-13-C-0102] FX The work on this paper was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under contract number FA8750-13-C-0102. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-028-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9091 AR UNSP 90910O DI 10.1117/12.2050413 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GT UT WOS:000343864000026 ER PT S AU Sweetnich, SR Fernandes, SP Clark, JD Sakla, WA AF Sweetnich, S. R. Fernandes, S. P. Clark, J. D. Sakla, W. A. BE Kadar, I TI An Objective Multi-Sensor Fusion Metric for Target Detection SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIII CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Bayesian; Data Fusion; Dempster Shafer; Hyperspectral; HSI; Image Registration; Sensor Fusion AB Target detection is limited based on a specific sensors capability; however, the combination of multiple sensors will improve the confidence of target detection. Confidence of detection, tracking and identifying a target in a multi-sensor environment depends on intrinsic and extrinsic sensor qualities, e. g. target geo-location registration, and environmental conditions 1. Determination of the optimal sensors and classification algorithms, required to assist in specific target detection, has largely been accomplished with empirical experimentation. Formulation of a multi-sensor effectiveness metric (MuSEM) for sensor combinations is presented in this paper. Leveraging one or a combination of sensors should provide a higher confidence of target classification. This metric incorporates the Dempster-Shafer Theory for decision analysis. MuSEM is defined for weakly labeled multimodal data and is modeled and trained with empirical fused sensor detections; this metric is compared to Boolean algebra algorithms from decision fusion research. Multiple sensor specific classifiers are compared and fused to characterize sensor detection models and the likelihood functions of the models. For area under the curve (AUC), MuSEM attained values as high as.97 with an average difference of 5.33% between Boolean fusion rules. Data was collected from the Air Force Research Lab's Minor Area Motion Imagery (MAMI) project. This metric is efficient and effective, providing a confidence of target classification based on sensor combinations. C1 [Sweetnich, S. R.; Clark, J. D.] Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernandes, S. P.] Cent State Univ, Dept Comp & Math Sci, Wilberforce, OH 45384 USA. [Sakla, W. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sweetnich, SR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.clark@afit.edu FU Internship/Research Participation Program at Air Force Institute of Technology; U.S. Department of Energy; AFIT FX This research would not have been possible without our sponsors. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology, and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and AFIT. Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL/RYAT was essential in communicating, planning, and processing data from the MAMI collect. NASA accommodated the collection of aerial data by allowing use of their airframe. Finally, AFRL/RHXBA provided critical networking resources, equipment, and facilities to perform testing. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-028-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9091 AR UNSP 90910M DI 10.1117/12.2049936 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB5GT UT WOS:000343864000024 ER PT J AU Scott, DR AF Scott, David Randall TI The Book of Jonah Foreshadowings of Jesus as the Christ SO BYU STUDIES QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Scott, David Randall] US Air Force, El Paso County, CO USA. [Scott, David Randall] Church Jesus Christ Latter Day St, Fayette, NY USA. RP Scott, DR (reprint author), Utah State Prisons Lone Peak Facil Men, Draper, UT USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0007-0106 J9 BYU STUD Q JI BYU Stud. Q. PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 160 EP 180 PG 21 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA AQ9PA UT WOS:000343186600009 ER PT J AU Knapp, KJ Ferrante, CJ AF Knapp, Kenneth J. Ferrante, Claudia J. TI Information Security Program Effectiveness in Organizations: The Moderating Role of Task Interdependence SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND END USER COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Awareness & Training; Information Security; Security Culture; Structural Equation Modeling; Task Interdependence; Top Management Support ID TOP MANAGEMENT SUPPORT; SYSTEMS SECURITY; CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR; IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; CULTURE; TEAMS; ASSIMILATION; RATIONALITY; PERSPECTIVE AB This research investigates the moderating role of task interdependence on factors influencing information security effectiveness in organizations. Drawing on the literature, the authors develop a theoretical model depicting top management support and awareness & training support as predictors of information security program effectiveness. Further, the model shows security culture as a partial mediator between the predictor and criterion variables. The authors then apply task interdependence as a moderator to the model. Results from a survey given to a sample of 371 certified information security professionals find support for the model while showing certain paths to be significant only under high task interdependence while others only under low task interdependence. In high task interdependence environments, security culture did not mediate the relationships between the predictor and criterion variables suggesting that managers focus on providing greater structural support to maximize security effectiveness. However, in low task interdependence, security culture fully mediated the relationships between the predictor and criterion variables suggesting that the role of culture is amplified and central in those environments. C1 [Knapp, Kenneth J.] Univ Tampa, Informat & Technol Management Dept, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Ferrante, Claudia J.] US Air Force Acad, USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knapp, KJ (reprint author), Univ Tampa, Informat & Technol Management Dept, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU IGI PUBL PI HERSHEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1240 USA SN 1546-2234 EI 1546-5012 J9 J ORGAN END USER COM JI J. Organ. End User Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 27 EP 46 DI 10.4018/joeuc.2014010102 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA AR2BN UT WOS:000343388600002 ER PT S AU Berk, A Conforti, P Kennett, R Perkins, T Hawes, F van den Bosch, J AF Berk, Alexander Conforti, Patrick Kennett, Rosemary Perkins, Timothy Hawes, Frederick van den Bosch, Jeannette BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI MODTRAN (R) 6: A major upgrade of the MODTRAN (R) radiative transfer code SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE MODTRAN; remote sensing; hyperspectral; imaging; band model; radiative transfer; molecular transmittance ID SCATTERING AB The MODTRAN6 radiative transfer (RT) code is a major advancement over earlier versions of the MODTRAN atmospheric transmittance and radiance model. This version of the code incorporates modern software architecture including an application programming interface, enhanced physics features including a line-by-line algorithm, a supplementary physics toolkit, and new documentation. The application programming interface has been developed for ease of integration into user applications. The MODTRAN code has been restructured towards a modular, object-oriented architecture to simplify upgrades as well as facilitate integration with other developers' codes. MODTRAN now includes a line-by-line algorithm for high resolution RT calculations as well as coupling to optical scattering codes for easy implementation of custom aerosols and clouds. C1 [Berk, Alexander; Conforti, Patrick; Kennett, Rosemary; Perkins, Timothy; Hawes, Frederick] Spectral Sci Inc, 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [van den Bosch, Jeannette] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Berk, A (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM lex@spectral.com FU Air Force [FA9453-12-0262] FX This work was supported under Air Force contract no. FA9453-12-0262. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-025-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9088 AR UNSP 90880H DI 10.1117/12.2050433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB4BH UT WOS:000343126000014 ER PT S AU Meola, J Absi, A Islam, MN Peterson, LM Ke, K Freeman, MJ Ifaraguerri, AI AF Meola, Joseph Absi, Anthony Islam, Mohammed N. Peterson, Lauren M. Ke, Kevin Freeman, Michael J. Ifaraguerri, Agustin I. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Tower testing of a 64W shortwave infrared supercontinuum laser for use as a hyperspectral imaging illuminator SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; supercontinuum; active; shortwave infrared AB Hyperspectral imaging systems are currently used for numerous activities related to spectral identification of materials. These passive imaging systems rely on naturally reflected/emitted radiation as the source of the signal. Thermal infrared systems measure radiation emitted from objects in the scene. As such, they can operate at both day and night. However, visible through shortwave infrared systems measure solar illumination reflected from objects. As a result, their use is limited to daytime applications. Omni Sciences has produced high powered broadband shortwave infrared super-continuum laser illuminators. A 64-watt breadboard system was recently packaged and tested at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to gauge beam quality and to serve as a proof-of-concept for potential use as an illuminator for a hyperspectral receiver. The laser illuminator was placed in a tower and directed along a 1.4km slant path to various target materials with reflected radiation measured with both a broadband camera and a hyperspectral imaging system to gauge performance. C1 [Meola, Joseph; Absi, Anthony] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, Mohammed N.; Peterson, Lauren M.; Ke, Kevin; Freeman, Michael J.] Omni Sci Inc, Dexter, MI 48105 USA. [Ifaraguerri, Agustin I.] Leidos Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-025-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9088 AR UNSP 90881A DI 10.1117/12.2056722 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB4BH UT WOS:000343126000039 ER PT S AU Vongsy, K Eismann, MT Mendenhall, MJ Velten, VJ AF Vongsy, Karmon Eismann, Michael T. Mendenhall, Michael J. Velten, Vincent J. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Parallax Mitigation for Hyperspectral Change Detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; GLRT; parallax AB A pixel-level Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) statistic for hyperspectral change detection is developed to mitigate false change caused by image parallax. Change detection, in general, represents the difficult problem of discriminating significant changes opposed to insignificant changes caused by radiometric calibration, image registration issues, and varying view geometries. We assume that the images have been registered, and each pixel pair provides a measurement from the same spatial region in the scene. Although advanced image registration methods exist that can reduce mis-registration to subpixel levels; residual spatial mis-registration can still be incorrectly detected as significant changes. Similarly, changes in sensor viewing geometry can lead to parallax error in an urban cluttered scene where height structures, such as buildings, appear to move. Our algorithm looks to the inherent relationship between the image views and the theory of stereo vision to perform parallax mitigation leading to a search result in the assumed parallax direction. Mitigation of the parallax-induced false alarms is demonstrated using hyperspectral data in the experimental analysis. The algorithm is examined and compared to the existing chronochrome anomalous change detection algorithm to assess performance. C1 [Vongsy, Karmon; Eismann, Michael T.; Velten, Vincent J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vongsy, Karmon; Mendenhall, Michael J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Vongsy, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-025-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9088 AR UNSP 90880N DI 10.1117/12.2050902 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB4BH UT WOS:000343126000019 ER PT S AU Nelson, K Corbin, G Blowers, M AF Nelson, Kevin Corbin, George Blowers, Misty BE Blowers, M Williams, J TI Evaluating data distribution and drift vulnerabilities of machine learning algorithms in secure and adversarial environments SO MACHINE INTELLIGENCE AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Intelligence and Bio-inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VIII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Adversarial Machine Learning; Intrusion Detection; Monte Carlo; Hidden Markov Models AB Machine learning is continuing to gain popularity due to its ability to solve problems that are difficult to model using conventional computer programming logic. Much of the current and past work has focused on algorithm development, data processing, and optimization. Lately, a subset of research has emerged which explores issues related to security. This research is gaining traction as systems employing these methods are being applied to both secure and adversarial environments. One of machine learning's biggest benefits, its data-driven versus logic-driven approach, is also a weakness if the data on which the models rely are corrupted. Adversaries could maliciously influence systems which address drift and data distribution changes using re-training and online learning. Our work is focused on exploring the resilience of various machine learning algorithms to these data-driven attacks. In this paper, we present our initial findings using Monte Carlo simulations, and statistical analysis, to explore the maximal achievable shift to a classification model, as well as the required amount of control over the data. C1 [Nelson, Kevin; Corbin, George] BAE Syst, 581 Phoenix Dr, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Blowers, Misty] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Nelson, K (reprint author), BAE Syst, 581 Phoenix Dr, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-056-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9119 AR UNSP 911904 DI 10.1117/12.2053045 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BB3RM UT WOS:000343005600004 ER PT S AU Wysocki, BT McDonald, NR Thiem, CD AF Wysocki, B. T. McDonald, N. R. Thiem, C. D. BE Blowers, M Williams, J TI Hardware-based Artificial Neural Networks for Size, Weight, and Power Constrained Platforms. SO MACHINE INTELLIGENCE AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Intelligence and Bio-inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VIII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE artificial neural networks; Size; Weight and Power (SWaP); radial basis function (RBF); zero instruction set computing (ZISC); pattern recognition ID MEMRISTOR; FILMS AB A fully parallel, silicon-based artificial neural network (CM1K) built on zero instruction set computer (ZISC) technology was used for change detection and object identification in video data. Fundamental pattern recognition capabilities were demonstrated with reduced neuron numbers utilizing only a few, or in some cases one, neuron per category. This simplified approach was used to validate the utility of few neuron networks for use in applications that necessitate severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) restrictions. The limited resource requirements and massively parallel nature of hardware-based artificial neural networks (ANNs) make them superior to many software approaches in resource limited systems, such as micro-UAVs, mobile sensor platforms, and pocket-sized robots. C1 [Wysocki, B. T.; McDonald, N. R.; Thiem, C. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate Rome, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wysocki, BT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate Rome, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-056-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9119 AR 911909 DI 10.1117/12.2052440 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BB3RM UT WOS:000343005600009 ER PT S AU Yang, W Jin, ZP Thiem, C Wysocki, B Shen, D Chen, GS AF Yang, Wei Jin, Zhanpeng Thiem, Clare Wysocki, Bryant Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe BE Blowers, M Williams, J TI Autonomous Target Tracking of UAVs based on Low-Power Neural Network Hardware SO MACHINE INTELLIGENCE AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Intelligence and Bio-inspired Computation - Theory and Applications VIII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Object tracking; neural network; neuromorphic hardware; UAVs ID OBJECT TRACKING AB Detecting and identifying targets in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and videos have been challenging problems due to various types of image distortion. Moreover, the significantly high processing overhead of existing image/video processing techniques and the limited computing resources available on UAVs force most of the processing tasks to be performed by the ground control station (GCS) in an off-line manner. In order to achieve fast and autonomous target identification on UAVs, it is thus imperative to investigate novel processing paradigms that can fulfill the real-time processing requirements, while fitting the size, weight, and power (SWaP) constrained environment. In this paper, we present a new autonomous target identification approach on UAVs, leveraging the emerging neuromorphic hardware which is capable of massively parallel pattern recognition processing and demands only a limited level of power consumption. A proof-of-concept prototype was developed based on a micro-UAV platform (Parrot AR Drone) and the CogniMemTmneural network chip, for processing the video data acquired from a UAV camera on the fly. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of incorporating emerging neuromorphic hardware into next-generation UAVs and their superior performance and power advantages towards the real-time, autonomous target tracking. C1 [Yang, Wei; Jin, Zhanpeng] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Thiem, Clare; Wysocki, Bryant] AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. RP Jin, ZP (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM zjin@binghamton.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-056-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9119 AR UNSP 91190P DI 10.1117/12.2054049 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BB3RM UT WOS:000343005600022 ER PT S AU Wiebe, R Spottswood, SM AF Wiebe, R. Spottswood, S. M. BE Kerschen, G TI Complex Behavior of a Buckled Beam Under Combined Harmonic and Random Loading SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, VOL 2 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32 International Modal Analysis Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Expt Mech DE Nonlinear dynamics; Stochastic resonance; Experimental mechanics; Snap-through; Duffing ID STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; DUFFING OSCILLATOR; SYSTEMS; BASINS; NOISE AB Nonlinearities have long been avoided in the design of structural systems. This was done to make problems tractable, to fit within current design paradigms, and often with the assumption that the resulting design would be conservative. Computational methods have made the investigation of nonlinear systems possible, which may yield more accurate and optimal designs. However, in venturing into the nonlinear regime, a designer must be aware of potential pitfalls, one of which is the possibility of unsafe responses "hiding in the weeds" of parameter or initial condition space. In this paper, an experimental study on a damped, post-buckled beam in the presence of noise is used to show that co-existing stationary solutions may be present in real-world scenarios. Stochastic resonance, a surprising phenomenon in which a small harmonic load interacts with, and magnifies the response to, an otherwise pure random load, is also studied and observed to occur in the beam. C1 [Wiebe, R.; Spottswood, S. M.] US Air Force, Struct Sci Ctr, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiebe, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Struct Sci Ctr, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM rwiebe@co.utcdayton.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-04522-1; 978-3-319-04521-4 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2014 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04522-1_2 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BB3OV UT WOS:000342929100002 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Selvaraj, C Scanlon, LG Munichandraiah, N AF Kumar, Surender Selvaraj, C. Scanlon, L. G. Munichandraiah, N. TI Ag nanoparticles-anchored reduced graphene oxide catalyst for oxygen electrode reaction in aqueous electrolytes and also a non-aqueous electrolyte for Li-O-2 cells SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; REDUCTION REACTION; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; AIR BATTERIES; FUEL-CELLS; LI-AIR; ELECTROCATALYSTS; SILVER; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY AB Silver nanoparticles-anchored reduced graphene oxide (Ag-RGO) is prepared by simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and Ag+ ions in an aqueous medium by ethylene glycol as the reducing agent. Ag particles of average size of 4.7 nm were uniformly distributed on the RGO sheets. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied on Ag-RGO catalyst in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes by using cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode techniques. As the interest in non-aqueous electrolyte is to study the catalytic performance of Ag-RGO for rechargeable Li-O-2 cells, these cells are assembled and characterized. Li-O-2 cells with Ag-RGO as the oxygen electrode catalyst are subjected to charge-discharge cycling at several current densities. A discharge capacity of 11 950 mA h g(-1) (11.29 mA h cm(-2)) is obtained initially at low current density. Although there is a decrease in the capacity on repeated discharge-charge cycling initially, a stable capacity is observed for about 30 cycles. The results indicate that Ag-RGO is a suitable catalyst for rechargeable Li-O-2 cells. C1 [Kumar, Surender; Selvaraj, C.; Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Scanlon, L. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Elect Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 102 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 41 BP 22830 EP 22840 DI 10.1039/c4cp02858a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AQ4KT UT WOS:000342766500045 PM 25242373 ER PT S AU Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Cherry, M Pilchak, A Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Cherry, Matthew Pilchak, Adam Knopp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI 2D Stochastic-Integral Models for Characterizing Random Grain Noise in Titanium Alloys SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Volume-Integral Equations; Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation; Analysis of Variance; High-Dimensional Model Representation; Random Grain Noise; Microstructure of Titanium Alloys AB We extend our previous work, in which we applied high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) concepts to the characterization of a metallic surface that has undergone a shot-peening treatment to reduce residual stresses, and has, therefore, become a random conductivity field. That example was treated as a one-dimensional problem, because those were the only data available. In this study, we develop a more rigorous two-dimensional model for characterizing random, anisotropic grain noise in titanium alloys. Such a model is necessary if we are to accurately capture the 'clumping' of crystallites into long chains that appear during the processing of the metal into a finished product. The mathematical model starts with an application of the Karhunen-Losve (K-L) expansion for the random Euler angles, theta and phi, that characterize the orientation of each crystallite in the sample. The random orientation of each crystallite then defines the stochastic nature of the electrical conductivity tensor of the metal. We study two possible covariances, Gaussian and double-exponential, which are the kernel of the K-L integral equation, and find that the double-exponential appears to satisfy measurements more closely of the two. Results based on data from a Ti-7Al sample will be given, and further applications of HDMR and ANOVA will be discussed. C1 [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technol LLC, POB 7706, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. [Cherry, Matthew] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45410 USA. [Pilchak, Adam; Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RXC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, HA (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, POB 7706, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. EM has@sabbagh.com; matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Labs under SBIR Phase II Contract [FA8650-13-C-5180] FX The work at Victor Technologies was supported by the Air Force Research Labs under SBIR Phase II Contract FA8650-13-C-5180. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1063/1.4864862 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400067 ER PT S AU Sathish, S Welter, JT Schehl, N Jata, KV AF Sathish, Shamachary Welter, John T. Schehl, Norm Jata, Kumar V. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Non-Contact Acousto-Thermal Signatures in as Received and Fatigue Damaged Ti-6Al-4V SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Non-contact; Acousto-thermal; Internal Friction; Fatigue AB Interaction of high amplitude acoustic waves with materials produces a small increase in the temperature that can be detected and measured using an IR camera. The changes in temperature as a function of time, due to interaction of high amplitude 20 kHz acoustics, with as received and fatigue damaged polycrystalline Ti-6Al-4V samples are compared. The maximum temperature reached by the sample has been found to increase with increasing fatigue cycles. The role of multiple physical mechanisms, responsible for conversion acoustic energy to heat, like the sample geometry (finite dimension), the microstructure (grain size), and dislocation density are examined. The theoretically evaluated temperature changes are observed to be in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. The significance of the details of microstructure and dislocation properties needed in theoretical evaluation of temperature changes are used to explain the observed differences between experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. C1 [Sathish, Shamachary; Schehl, Norm] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Welter, John T.] RXCA, Air Force Res Lab, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sathish, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM shamachary.sathish.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1063/1.4864888 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400093 ER PT S AU Cherry, MR Sathish, S Pilchak, AL Cherry, AJ Blodgett, MP AF Cherry, Matthew R. Sathish, Shamachary Pilchak, Adam L. Cherry, Aaron J. Blodgett, Mark P. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Characterization of Microstructure with Low Frequency Electromagnetic Techniques SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Eddy Current; Microstructure; Hexagonal; Anisotropic AB A new computational method for characterizing the relationship between surface crystallography and electrical conductivity in anisotropic materials with low frequency electromagnetic techniques is presented. The method is discussed from the standpoint of characterizing the orientation of a single grain, as well as characterizing statistical information about grain ensembles in the microstructure. Large-area electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data was obtained and used in conjunction with a synthetic aperture approach to simulate the eddy current response of beta annealed Ti-6Al-4V. Experimental eddy current results are compared to the computed eddy current approximations based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, demonstrating good agreement. The detectability of notches in the presence of noise from microstructure is analyzed with the described simulation method and advantages and limitations of this method are discussed relative to other NDE techniques for such analysis. C1 [Cherry, Matthew R.; Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Pilchak, Adam L.; Blodgett, Mark P.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cherry, Aaron J.] Southest Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Cherry, MR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; shamachary.sathish.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU USAF [FA8650-09-D-5224, FA8650-09-2-5800] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from funding under USAF contracts FA8650-09-D-5224 and FA8650-09-2-5800. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1456 EP 1462 DI 10.1063/1.4864993 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400198 ER PT S AU Criner, AK Cherry, AJ Cooney, AT Katter, TD AF Criner, A. K. Cherry, A. J. Cooney, A. T. Katter, T. D. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Characterization of Degradation Using Reflectance Spectroscopy SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Reflectance Spectroscopy; Optical Constants; Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy; Data Analysis ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDATION AB A semi-classical model of the reflectance of a complex material is modeled. Model selection techniques using this reflectance model are developed to detect molecular vibration modes measured using infrared spectroscopy. An inverse problem methodology is then used to ascertain the underlying vibrational modes associated with varying concentrations of different chemical species. These two techniques are developed to characterize the extent of material degradation through the detection of spectra associated with the chemical processes underlying the degradation process. These methods are validated using data from samples of ceramic matrix composites. The samples considered were exposed to varying amounts of thermal treatment to ascertain the effectiveness of these methods to detect degradation. C1 [Criner, A. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cherry, A. J.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Cooney, A. T.] Air Force Res Lab, MatState Awareness & Supportabil Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Katter, T. D.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Criner, AK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM acriner1@udayton.edu FU US Air Force [FA8650-09-D-5224, FA8650-09-2-5800] FX The authors would like to thank their colleagues for discussion and guidance. This work was funded by the US Air Force through the following grants FA8650-09-D-5224 and FA8650-09-2-5800. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1594 EP 1602 DI 10.1063/1.4865014 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400220 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Blackshire, JL Chen, MY AF Ko, R. T. Blackshire, J. L. Chen, M. Y. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Ultrasonic Assessment of In-plane Modulus of CMC Materials Using a Contact Approach SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasonic guided waves; In-plane modulus; Lowest symmetric mode; Contact approach; Dry-couplant ID AEROSPACE STRUCTURES AB An ultrasonic contact technique was developed to assess the in-plane modulus of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) materials in the absence of multiple, distinct ultrasonic echoes within a specimen. This technique employs a dry-couplant for sending and receiving guided waves in a pitch-catch mode. The ultrasonic velocity is estimated from the zero-crossing, first-peak arrival time of a 200 kHz lowest-order symmetric mode (S-0), where modulus estimations are made using standard plate-wave theory. The low-frequency asymptotic velocity characteristics of the S-0 mode provide a means for estimating velocity with minimal dispersion effects and mode-overlap. Preliminary validation of the technique shows reasonable agreement with published modulus data and mechanical testing results. C1 [Blackshire, J. L.; Chen, M. Y.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ko, R. T.] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Ray.Ko@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This work was performed under Air Force contract #FA8650-05-D-5052. The mechanical test data was supplied by Dr. Chenggang Chen, a UDRI on-site material researcher at AFRL/RXCC. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1765 EP 1771 DI 10.1063/1.4865037 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400242 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Blackshire, JL Chen, MY AF Ko, R. T. Blackshire, J. L. Chen, M. Y. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Ultrasonic Near-Surface Contact Imaging of Foam-based Hybrid Composite Materials SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasonic Contact Surface Imaging; Guided Waves; Bond Integrity; Foam; Hybrid Composite Materials AB An ultrasonic near-surface contact imaging technique was developed to study bond integrity variations in a foam-based hybrid composite material system. The method integrates a pair of ultrasonic wedge transducers into a traditional ultrasonic C-scan system in a pitch-catch arrangement. Unlike a conventional C-scan, the specimen is not immersed in water but uses a thin layer of water couplant between the wedges and sample surface. The use of an angled wedge system produces generalized Rayleigh-Lamb waves in the multi-layer material system, where variations in local amplitude and phase velocity of the travelling waves were mapped between bonded polymer composite laminates and ceramic foam substrates. Three categories of features were observed in the scans including: (1) near-surface thermocouple hole positions, (2) reflected wave edge effects, and (3) potential bond line integrity variations. C1 [Blackshire, J. L.; Chen, M. Y.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ko, R. T.] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Ray.Ko@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This work was performed under Air Force contract #FA8650-05-D-5052. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1772 EP 1777 DI 10.1063/1.4865038 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400243 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Annis, C Sabbagh, HA Knopp, JS Lindgren, EA AF Aldrin, John C. Annis, Charles Sabbagh, Harold A. Knopp, Jeremy S. Lindgren, Eric A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Assessing the Reliability of Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Damage Characterization SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Characterization; Eddy Current; NDE; Reliability; Sizing AB A comprehensive approach to NDE characterization error evaluation is presented that follows the framework of the 'ahat-versus-a' model evaluation process for probability of detection (POD) assessment. Before characterization error model building is performed, an intermediate step must evaluate the presence and frequency of several possible classes of poor characterization results. A case study is introduced based on the estimation the length, depth and width of surface breaking cracks using bolt hole eddy current (BHEC) NDE. This study highlights the importance of engineering and statistical expertise in the model-building process to ensure all key effects and possible interactions are addressed. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Lindgren, Eric A.] RXCA, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Annis, Charles] Stat Engn, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technologies LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; Charles.Annis@StatisticalEngineering.com; has@sabbagh.com FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA8650-13-C-5180] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this study by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) under a SBIR Phase II Contract FA8650-13-C-5180 with Victor Technologies LLC. R, an open-source package for statistical computing, was used for the statistical analyses in the paper. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 2071 EP 2078 DI 10.1063/1.4865078 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400283 ER PT S AU Monnig, ND Sakla, W AF Monnig, Nathan D. Sakla, Wesam BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Sparse Representation for Vehicle Recognition SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XXIV CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sparse Representation for Classification; Compressive Sensing; l1-minimization AB The Sparse Representation for Classification (SRC) algorithm has been demonstrated to be a state-of-the-art algorithm for facial recognition applications. Wright et al.(1) demonstrate that under certain conditions, the SRC algorithm classification performance is agnostic to choice of linear feature space and highly resilient to image corruption. In this work, we examined the SRC algorithm performance on the vehicle recognition application, using images from the semi-synthetic vehicle database generated by the Air Force Research Laboratory. To represent modern operating conditions, vehicle images were corrupted with noise, blurring, and occlusion, with representation of varying pose and lighting conditions. Experiments suggest that linear feature space selection is important, particularly in the cases involving corrupted images. Overall, the SRC algorithm consistently outperforms a standard k nearest neighbor classifier on the vehicle recognition task. C1 [Monnig, Nathan D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sakla, Wesam] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Monnig, ND (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wesam.sakla@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-027-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9090 AR UNSP 90900L DI 10.1117/12.2053462 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2ZL UT WOS:000342579300018 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik BE Kolodny, MA TI Decisions-to-Data using Level 5 Information Fusion SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR as part of the SPIE Defense and Security Sensing Symposium CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Information Fusion; Data to Decisions; Virtual Worlds; Data Fusion Information Group; Enterprise; Info. Management ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB Over the last decade, there has been interest in presenting information fusion solutions to the user and ways to incorporate visualization, interaction, and command and control. In this paper, we explore Decisions-to-Data (D2D) in information fusion design: (1) sensing: from data to information (D2I) processing, (2) reporting: from human computer interaction (HCI) visualizations to user refinement (H2U), and (3) disseminating: from collected to resourced (C2R) information management. D2I supports net-centric intelligent situation awareness that includes processing of information from non-sensor resources for mission effectiveness. H2U reflects that completely automated systems are not realizable requiring Level 5 user refinement for efficient decision making. Finally, C2R moves from immediate data collection to fusion of information over an enterprise (e.g., data mining, database queries and storage, and source analysis for pedigree). By using D2I, H2U, and C2R concepts, they serve as informative themes for future complex information fusion interoperability standards, integration of man and machines, and efficient networking for distribution user situation understanding. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-016-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9079 AR 907903 DI 10.1117/12.2050264 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB2ZN UT WOS:000342580900003 ER PT S AU Buddhika, T Ray, I Linderman, M Jayasumana, A AF Buddhika, Thilina Ray, Indrakshi Linderman, Mark Jayasumana, Anura BE Kolodny, MA TI Secure Complex Event Processing in a Heterogeneous and Dynamic Network SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR as part of the SPIE Defense and Security Sensing Symposium CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID ENFORCING ACCESS-CONTROL; DATA STREAMS; MODEL; AURORA AB Battlefield monitoring involves collecting streaming data from different sources, transmitting the data over a heterogeneous network, and processing queries in real-time in order to respond to events in a timely manner. Nodes in these networks differ with respect to their trustworthiness, processing, storage, and communication capabilities. Links in the network differ with respect to their communication bandwidth. The topology of the network itself is subject to change, as the nodes and links may become unavailable. Continuous queries executed in such environments must also meet some quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as, response time and throughput. Data streams generated from the various nodes in the network belong to different security levels; consequently, these must be processed in a secure manner without causing unauthorized leakage or modification. Towards this end, we demonstrate how an existing complex event processing system can be extended to execute queries and events in a secure manner in such a dynamic and heterogeneous environment. C1 [Buddhika, Thilina; Ray, Indrakshi; Jayasumana, Anura] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Linderman, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Buddhika, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-016-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9079 AR UNSP 907907 DI 10.1117/12.2053934 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB2ZN UT WOS:000342580900007 ER PT S AU Mendoza-Schrock, O Dong, GZ AF Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Dong, Guozhu BE Kolodny, MA TI Gender Classification from Video under Challenging Operating Conditions SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR as part of the SPIE Defense and Security Sensing Symposium CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Gender classification; SWAG One dataset; robust operating conditions; data mining AB The literature is abundant with papers on gender classification research. However the majority of such research is based on the assumption that there is enough resolution so that the subject's face can be resolved. Hence the majority of the research is actually in the face recognition and facial feature area. A gap exists for gender classification under challenging operating conditions-different seasonal conditions, different clothing, etc.-and when the subject's face cannot be resolved due to lack of resolution. The Seasonal Weather and Gender (SWAG) Database is a novel database that contains subjects walking through a scene under operating conditions that span a calendar year. This paper exploits a subset of that database-the SWAG One dataset-using data mining techniques, traditional classifiers (ex. Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, etc.) and traditional (canny edge detection, etc.) and non-traditional (height/width ratios, etc.) feature extractors to achieve high correct gender classification rates (greater than 85%). Another novelty includes exploiting frame differentials. C1 [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dong, Guozhu] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Mendoza-Schrock, O (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Wright State University FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Mateen Rizki, Dr. Louis Tamburino, Mr. Ryan McCoppin, Mr. Howard Rude, and Mr. Nathan Koester of Wright State University for their support and insightful conversations on the effort and the SWAG One dataset. The authors would also like to acknowledge Capt Andrew Freeman, Mr. Edmund Zelnio, Mr. Todd Rovito, and Dr. Vince Velten of the US Air Force Research Laboratory/ Sensors Directorate and Dr. Edward Watson of University of Dayton Research Institute for their assistance with the overall effort. This publication has been approved for public release on 21 April 2014 via 88ABW- 2014- 1850. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-016-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9079 AR UNSP 90790S DI 10.1117/12.2052864 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB2ZN UT WOS:000342580900022 ER PT S AU Smith, A Mendoza-Schrock, O Kangas, S Dierking, M Shaw, A AF Smith, Ashley Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Kangas, Scott Dierking, Matthew Shaw, Arnab BE Kolodny, MA TI An end-to-end vehicle classification pipeline using vibrometry data SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR as part of the SPIE Defense and Security Sensing Symposium CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE feature extraction; vibrometry; accelerometers; aided target recognition; vehicle classification ID NETWORK AB This paper evaluates and expands upon the existing end-to-end process used for vibrometry target classification and identification. A fundamental challenge in vehicle classification using vibrometry signature data is the determination of robust signal features. The methodology used in this paper involves comparing the performance of features taken from automatic speech recognition, seismology, and structural analysis work. These features provide a means to reduce the dimensionality of the data for the possibility of improved separability. The performances of different groups of features are compared to determine the best feature set for vehicle classification. Standard performance metrics are implemented to provide a method of evaluation. The contribution of this paper is to (1) thoroughly explain the time domain and frequency domain features that have been recently applied to the vehicle classification using laser-vibrometry data domain, (2) build an end-to-end classification pipeline for Aided Target Recognition (ATR) with common and easily accessible tools, and (3) apply feature selection methods to the end-to-end pipeline. The end-to-end process used here provides a structured path for accomplishing vibrometry-based target identification. This paper will compare with two studies in the public domain. The techniques utilized in this paper were utilized to analyze a small in-house database of several different vehicles. C1 [Smith, Ashley; Shaw, Arnab] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Dierking, Matthew] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Kangas, Scott] Etegent Technol Ltd, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-016-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9079 AR UNSP 90790O DI 10.1117/12.2053087 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB2ZN UT WOS:000342580900018 ER PT S AU Smith, CW Maukonen, D Peale, RE Fredricksen, CJ Ishigami, M Cleary, JW AF Smith, Christian W. Maukonen, Doug Peale, R. E. Fredricksen, C. J. Ishigami, M. Cleary, J. W. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Wavelength-selective visible-light detector based on integrated graphene transistor and surface plasmon coupler SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VI CY MAY 05-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Surface Plasmon; Photodetector; Graphene ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-AREA; FILMS; PHOTODETECTOR AB We have invented a novel photodetector by mating a surface plasmon resonance coupler with a graphene field effect transistor. The device enables wavelength selectivity for spectral sensing applications. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are generated in a 50 nm thick Ag film on the surface of a prism in the Kretschmann configuration positioned 500 nm from a graphene FET. Incident photons of a given wavelength excite SPPs at a specific incidence angle. These SPP fields excite a transient current whose amplitude follows the angular resonance spectrum of the SPP absorption feature. Though demonstrated first at visible wavelengths, the approach can be extended far into the infrared. We also demonstrate that the resonant current is strongly modulated by gate bias applied to the FET, providing a clear path towards large-scale spectral imagers with locally addressable pixels. C1 [Smith, Christian W.; Maukonen, Doug; Peale, R. E.; Fredricksen, C. J.; Ishigami, M.] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smith, Christian W.; Ishigami, M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cleary, J. W.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, CW (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA865013C1528]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY10COR] FX This work was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory under contract number FA865013C1528 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under contract number 12RY10COR. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-020-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9083 AR UNSP 90832Q DI 10.1117/12.2050018 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BB2VW UT WOS:000342426300060 ER PT S AU Bauer, AJR Farrington, MP Sorauf, K Miziolek, AW AF Bauer, Amy J. R. Farrington, Michael P. Sorauf, Kellen Miziolek, Andrzej W. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis of Improvised Explosive Materials SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); improvised explosive materials (IE); homemade explosives (HMEs) ID RESIDUES AB There exists an unmet need in the discovery and identification of certain improvised explosive (IE) materials. IE contain a wide range of materials, many of which are not well classified by available hand-held tools, especially metal powders and food products. Available measurement approaches are based in the identification of specific subgroups such as nitro/nitrate and chlorate/perchlorate, normally with Raman spectroscopy. The presence of metal powders is not detected by these approaches, and further the powders themselves scatter the laser radiation used in the excitation of the spectra, making other components more difficult to discern. Preliminary work with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows that metal powders are easily detected and identified, and that fuel compounds in flash powder mixtures are easily classified with principal component analysis into those containing oxygen and chlorine or those containing oxygen and nitrogen. Alkali and alkali metal signals are readily used to determine the cation of any salt submitted to analysis. C1 [Bauer, Amy J. R.; Farrington, Michael P.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Sorauf, Kellen] Regis Univ, Denver, CO 80221 USA. RP Bauer, AJR (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM abauer@ara.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-038-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9101 AR UNSP 91010M DI 10.1117/12.2057930 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2ZP UT WOS:000342581800021 ER PT S AU Benedetto, J Cloninger, A Czaja, W Doster, T Kochersberger, K Manning, B McCullough, T McLane, M AF Benedetto, J. Cloninger, A. Czaja, W. Doster, T. Kochersberger, K. Manning, B. McCullough, T. McLane, M. BE Fountain, AW TI Operator Based Integration of Information in Multimodal Radiological Search Mission with Applications to Anomaly Detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Defense, Security + Sensing Symposium / 15th Annual Meeting on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing CY MAY 05-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION AB Successful performance of radiological search mission is dependent on effective utilization of mixture of signals. Examples of modalities include, e. g., EO imagery and gamma radiation data, or radiation data collected during multiple events. In addition, elevation data or spatial proximity can be used to enhance the performance of acquisition systems. State of the art techniques in processing and exploitation of complex information manifolds rely on diffusion operators. Our approach involves machine learning techniques based on analysis of joint data-dependent graphs and their associated diffusion kernels. Then, the significant eigenvectors of the derived fused graph Laplace and Schroedinger operators form the new representation, which provides integrated features from the heterogeneous input data. The families of data-dependent Laplace and Schroedinger operators on joint data graphs, shall be integrated by means of appropriately designed fusion metrics. These fused representations are used for target and anomaly detection. C1 [Benedetto, J.; Cloninger, A.; Czaja, W.; Doster, T.; Manning, B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Kochersberger, K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. [McCullough, T.; McLane, M.] Remote Sensing Lab, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Czaja, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. EM jjb@math.umd.edu; alex@math.umd.edu; wojtek@math.umd.edu; tdoster@math.umd.edu; kbk@exchange.vt.edu; manning5@math.umd.edu; MccullTL@nv.doc.gov; McleanMS@nv.doc.gov FU [HDTRA1-13-1-0015] FX This work was supported in part by a research grant HDTRA1-13-1-0015. The authors gratefully acknowledge Gordon Christie and Justin Stiltner from Virginia Tech, for their help in preparing the data for further analysis, and for many helpful discussions. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-010-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9073 AR UNSP 90731A DI 10.1117/12.2050721 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WC UT WOS:000342428900035 ER PT J AU Beckley, L Gorder, K Dettenmaier, E Rivera-Duarte, I McHugh, T AF Beckley, Lila Gorder, Kyle Dettenmaier, Erik Rivera-Duarte, Ignacio McHugh, Thomas TI On-Site Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis to Streamline Vapor Intrusion Investigations SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE vapor intrusion; investigation; HAPSITE; field gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); pressure control ID PRESSURE AB Distinguishing between vapor intrusion and indoor sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant challenge in conventional vapor intrusion assessments. For this research project, the authors developed a step-by-step protocol to streamline building-specific investigations by using on-site gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and building pressure manipulation to determine the source of VOCs in indoor air during a 1-day field investigation. Protocol validation included implementation in industrial buildings and testing alongside conventional methods. The new protocol compares favorably to conventional approaches, yielding more definitive results in less time. This article presents three case studies which illustrate application of the protocol. C1 [Beckley, Lila; McHugh, Thomas] GSI Environm Inc, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Gorder, Kyle; Dettenmaier, Erik] Hill AFB, Ogden, UT USA. [Rivera-Duarte, Ignacio] SPAWAR Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA USA. RP Beckley, L (reprint author), GSI Environm Inc, 9600 Great Hills Trail,Suite 350E, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM lmbeckley@gsi-net.com FU U.S. Department of Defense through Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) [ER-201119] FX The authors have no conflict of interest. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, through Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Project ER-201119. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 EI 1527-5930 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15275922.2014.930941 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP7UZ UT WOS:000342284000005 ER PT J AU Zerba, SH AF Zerba, Shaio H. TI China's Libya Evacuation Operation: a new diplomatic imperative-overseas citizen protection SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA LA English DT Article AB This article examines China's response to the 2011 Libya crisis and the emergence of a new diplomatic imperative: overseas citizen protection. Over a 12-day period in February and March 2011, China evacuated more than 35,000 Chinese nationals from civil war torn Libya, testing the overseas crisis management capacity of the Chinese government. Because of increasing domestic pressure to protect the growing population of Chinese citizens abroad, Beijing is developing its diplomatic and military capabilities to manage and mitigate crises overseas. The large-scale Libya evacuation served as a wake-up call for Beijing, that conducting business in high risk countries around the world comes at a price; as a consequence, Beijing will be compelled to reassess its global strategic posture and foreign policy principles. C1 [Zerba, Shaio H.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zerba, Shaio H.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Zerba, SH (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM shaiozerba@hotmail.com NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1067-0564 EI 1469-9400 J9 J CONTEMP CHINA JI J. Contemp. China PY 2014 VL 23 IS 90 BP 1093 EP 1112 DI 10.1080/10670564.2014.898900 PG 20 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA AP8DJ UT WOS:000342308300006 ER PT S AU Kim, HJ Fair, GE Potticary, SA O'Malley, MJ Usechak, NG AF Kim, Hyun Jun Fair, Geoff E. Potticary, Santeri A. O'Malley, Matthew J. Usechak, Nicholas G. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Processing and characterization of polycrystalline YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) core-clad fibers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security X CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE polycrystalline YAG; core-clad fiber; ceramic processing AB Polycrystalline YAG fiber has recently attracted considerable attention for the role it could play as a fiber-laser gain media. This primarily due to its large surface-to-volume ratio, high stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold, and its high thermal conductivity; all of which are superior to that of silica-glass fibers. As a consequence, techniques which enable the fabrication of poly-and single-crystalline YAG fibers have recently been the focus of a number of efforts. In this work we have endeavored to reduce the scattering loss of polycrystalline-YAG-core fibers while simultaneously demonstrating optical gain by enhancing our processing techniques using feedback from mechanical testing and through the development of a technique to encase doped YAG-core fibers with un-doped YAG claddings. To this end we have recently fabricated fibers with both core and claddings made up of polycrystalline YAG and subsequently confirmed that they indeed guide light. In this paper, the processes leading to the fabrication of these fibers will be discussed along with their characterization. C1 [Kim, Hyun Jun; Fair, Geoff E.; Potticary, Santeri A.; O'Malley, Matthew J.; Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Chen, Ru/A-5105-2015 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-018-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9081 AR 908103 DI 10.1117/12.2050871 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2TE UT WOS:000342289500001 ER PT S AU Pritchett, TM Ferry, MJ Shensky, W Mott, AG Haley, JE AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Ferry, Michael J. Shensky, William, III Mott, Andrew G. Haley, Joy E. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Characterization of the nonlinear optical properties of a photodegradation-resistant dye/solvent system SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security X CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Reverse saturable absorption; organic nonlinear optical materials ID TOP-HAT BEAMS; SINGLE-BEAM; COMPLEX AB Experimental measurements were performed to completely characterize the linear and nonlinear optical properties in butyl salicylate solution of a novel bipyridyl platinum(II) complex bearing benzothiazolylethynylfluorene ligands. This paper describes the analysis of the resulting experimental data and reports the values of the ground-and excited-state absorption cross sections and of the other photophysical parameters characterizing the chromophore/solvent system. C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.; Ferry, Michael J.; Shensky, William, III; Mott, Andrew G.] US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.m.pritchett.civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-018-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9081 AR UNSP 90810B DI 10.1117/12.2049880 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2TE UT WOS:000342289500006 ER PT S AU Shin, HJ Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shin, Hee Jung Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Ultra-wideband noise radar imaging of cylindrical PLC objects using diffraction tomography SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVIII CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tomographic imaging; back projection imaging; ultra-wideband; noise radar; noise tomography AB In this paper, we show that a single transmission of a random noise IA avefonn may not sufficient to obtain a successful tomographic image of an object. In order to overcome this shortcoming, multiple independent and identically distributed (iid) random noise yvavefonus over a frequency range from to 10 GHz are transmitted to reconstruct the final image of various objects. Diffraction tomography theorem is applied for each noise wavefonu transmission so that the image of the multiple objects is reconstructed based on the backward scattered field at the end of each noise wavefonu transmission realization. After all iid noise ly avefonus are transmitted, the final tomographic image of the target is reconstnicted by averaging all obtained images from multiple transmissions. Several numerical simulations in the spatial frequency domain are performed, and the successful tomographic image of the multiple cylindrical PEC objects is achieved after transmission of multiple iid ultra-wideband (UWB) random noise waveforms. C1 [Shin, Hee Jung; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL RYAP, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shin, HJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ram@engr.psu.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0164] FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR) Contract FA9550-12-1-0164. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-014-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9077 AR UNSP 90770J DI 10.1117/12.2050133 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB2TB UT WOS:000342287500018 ER PT J AU Shurdha, E Repasy, BK Miller, HA Dees, K Iacono, ST Ball, DW Balaich, GJ AF Shurdha, Endrit Repasy, Brianne K. Miller, Hannah A. Dees, Kelsey Iacono, Scott T. Ball, David W. Balaich, Gary J. TI Symmetrical bis(fulvene) chromophores: model compounds for acceptor-donor-acceptor dye architectures SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; MOLECULES; 6,6-DICYANOFULVENES; TRIPHENYLAMINE AB Four model bis(pentafulvene) chromophores have been prepared with a (fulvene)A-D-A(fulvene) architecture. Conjugation of the central donor group with the pendant fulvene rings was apparent from a single crystal X-ray study of the bis(pentafulvene) with 2,5-dihexyloxyphenyl as the central donor group. UV-Vis results indicated a tunable bandgap in the range of 400-700 nm by varying the nature of the central donor in this series of dyes. C1 [Shurdha, Endrit; Miller, Hannah A.; Dees, Kelsey; Iacono, Scott T.; Balaich, Gary J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Shurdha, Endrit; Miller, Hannah A.; Dees, Kelsey; Iacono, Scott T.; Balaich, Gary J.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Repasy, Brianne K.; Ball, David W.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu; gary.balaich@usafa.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [HDTRA13964]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program FX We acknowledge primary funding support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR no. HDTRA13964). The Air Force Office of Scientific Research is also acknowledged for partial financial support. ES was supported through the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program. We thank Cynthia Corley for HRMS analysis. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 79 BP 41989 EP 41992 DI 10.1039/c4ra07738e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AP6BD UT WOS:000342161600037 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Asmolova, O Dickinson, T AF Andersen, Geoff Asmolova, Olha Dickinson, Thomas BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI FalconSAT-7: A membrane space telescope SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Diffractive optics; space telescopes; lightweight optics ID PHOTON SIEVE; MODEL AB The USAF Academy Department of Physics is building FalconSAT-7, a membrane solar telescope to be deployed from a 3U Cube Sat in LEO. The primary optic is a 0.2m photon sieve - a diffractive element consisting of billions of tiny holes in an otherwise opaque polymer sheet. The membrane, its support structure, secondary optics, two imaging cameras and associated control/recording electronics are all packaged within half the Cube Sat volume. Once in space the supporting pantograph structure is deployed, pulling the membrane flat under tension. The telescope will then be steered towards the Sun to gather images at H-alpha for transmission to the ground. Due for launch in 2016, FalconSAT-7 will serve as a pathfinder for future surveillance missions. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Asmolova, Olha; Dickinson, Thomas] US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR 908504 DI 10.1117/12.2050545 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600003 ER PT S AU Ge, LQ Yu, W Shen, D Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E Lu, C AF Ge, Linqiang Yu, Wei Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Lu, Chao BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Toward Effectiveness and Agility of Network Security Situational Awareness Using Moving Target Defense (MTD) SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cyber Security; Moving Target Defense; Cyber Situation Awareness AB Most enterprise networks are built to operate in a static configuration (e. g., static software stacks, network configurations, and application deployments). Nonetheless, static systems make it easy for a cyber adversary to plan and launch successful attacks. To address static vulnerability, moving target defense (MTD) has been proposed to increase the difficulty for the adversary to launch successful attacks. In this paper, we first present a literature review of existing MTD techniques. We then propose a generic defense framework, which can provision an incentive-compatible MTD mechanism through dynamically migrating server locations. We also present a user-server mapping mechanism, which not only improves system resiliency, but also ensures network performance. We demonstrate a MTD with a multi-user network communication and our data shows that the proposed framework can effectively improve the resiliency and agility of the system while achieving good network timeliness and throughput performance. C1 [Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei; Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850Q DI 10.1117/12.2050782 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600020 ER PT S AU Jia, B Pham, K Chen, GS Shen, D Wang, ZH Wang, G Blasch, E AF Jia, Bin Khanh Pham Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai Wang, Gang Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Quantum Technology for Aerospace Applications SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum technology; Quantum computing; Quantum communication; Quantum devices ID HERMITE QUADRATURE FILTER AB In this paper, quantum technology is introduced with three key topics, including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum devices. Using these dimensions of quantum techniques we briefly introduce their contributions to aerospace applications. The paper will help readers to understand the basic concepts of the quantum technology and their potential applications in space, air, and ground applications such as highly accurate target positioning. C1 [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai; Wang, Gang] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham; Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850S DI 10.1117/12.2050032 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600021 ER PT S AU Johnston, WR O'Brien, TP Ginet, GP Huston, SL Guild, TB Fennelly, JA AF Johnston, W. Robert O'Brien, T. Paul Ginet, Gregory P. Huston, Stuart L. Guild, Timothy B. Fennelly, Judy A. BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI AE9/AP9/SPM: New Models for Radiation Belt and Space Plasma Specification SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE radiation belts; AE9/AP9; dose AB A new set of models for the flux of particles in the Earth's inner magnetosphere has been developed for use in space system design and other applications requiring a climatological specification. Denoted AE9, AP9, and SPM for energetic electrons, energetic protons and space plasma, respectively, the models are derived from 33 data sets measured by satellite on-board sensors. These data sets have been processed in a manner to create maps of the particle fluxes together with estimates of uncertainties due to both imperfect measurements and space weather variability. Furthermore, the model architecture permits the Monte-Carlo estimation of the time evolution of fluxes and derived quantities, e. g., the median and 95th percentile, along an arbitrary orbit. An overview of the model will be presented, addressing in particular the latest AE9/AP9 version release. C1 [Johnston, W. Robert; Fennelly, Judy A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3350 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [O'Brien, T. Paul; Guild, Timothy B.] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Ginet, Gregory P.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 20420 USA. [Huston, Stuart L.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Johnston, WR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3350 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVBXR.AE9.AP9.Org.Mbx@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 908508 DI 10.1117/12.2049836 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600006 ER PT S AU Liu, BW Chen, Y Shen, D Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E Rubin, B AF Liu, Bingwei Chen, Yu Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Rubin, Bruce BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI An Adaptive Process based Cloud Infrastructure for Space Situational Awareness Applications SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cloud computing; space situational awareness; space surveillance and tracking AB Space situational awareness (SSA) and defense space control capabilities are top priorities for groups that own or operate man-made spacecraft. Also, with the growing amount of space debris, there is an increase in demand for contextual understanding that necessitates the capability of collecting and processing a vast amount sensor data. Cloud computing, which features scalable and flexible storage and computing services, has been recognized as an ideal candidate that can meet the large data contextual challenges as needed by SSA. Cloud computing consists of physical service providers and middleware virtual machines together with infrastructure, platform, and software as service (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) models. However, the typical Virtual Machine (VM) abstraction is on a per operating systems basis, which is at too low-level and limits the flexibility of a mission application architecture. In responding to this technical challenge, a novel adaptive process based cloud infrastructure for SSA applications is proposed in this paper. In addition, the details for the design rationale and a prototype is further examined. The SSA Cloud (SSAC) conceptual capability will potentially support space situation monitoring and tracking, object identification, and threat assessment. Lastly, the benefits of a more granular and flexible cloud computing resources allocation are illustrated for data processing and implementation considerations within a representative SSA system environment. We show that the container-based virtualization performs better than hypervisor-based virtualization technology in an SSA scenario. C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Liu, Bingwei; Chen, Yu] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik; Rubin, Bruce] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850M DI 10.1117/12.2053759 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600016 ER PT S AU Remeikas, C Xu, YJ Pham, K Chen, GS Jia, B Shen, D AF Remeikas, Charles Xu, Yunjun Khanh Pham Chen, Genshe Jia, Bin Shen, Dan BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Dexterous and Expedient Approach Strategies Considering Non-Zero Eccentricity Orbits and J(2) Perturbations SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Rendezvous; bio-inspired motion ID OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION; RELATIVE MOTION; CAMOUFLAGE; DESIGN AB Recently bio-inspired rendezvous strategies have been investigated for applications in space situation awareness. Particularly, closed-loop solutions have been developed for the cases that the target object is in a circular orbit without considering any orbital perturbations. In this paper, the minimum-fuel consumption bio-inspired motions are further studied. The follow cases considering the J(2) perturbation, the non-zero eccentricities, and different boundary conditions are analyzed: (1) the target object is at the local vertical local horizontal coordinate origin; (2) the target is moving in the local vertical local horizontal coordinate; (3) the rendezvous object approaches the target object from the R-bar, V-bar, and Z-bar directions, respectively. Fast solutions can be obtained for the rendezvous object to approach the target object with minimum energy consumption. C1 [Remeikas, Charles; Xu, Yunjun] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Chen, Genshe; Jia, Bin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. RP Remeikas, C (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU United States Air Force [FA9453-13-M-0059] FX This research was partly supported by the United States Air Force under contract number FA9453-13-M-0059. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the United States Air Force. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850Z DI 10.1117/12.2053555 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600028 ER PT S AU Wang, G Shen, D Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Polarization Tracking for Quantum Satellite Communications SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum communication; satellite communication; polarization tracking; polarization compensation; quantum bit; quantum bit error rate ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; SPACE AB Satellite networks and quantum communications offer complementary opportunities for enhanced operations. Quantum communications provide security for the transmissions between satellites and ground stations; while the free-space link of satellite networks provide the potential of long distance transmission of quantum bits (qubit) for space communications. However, with the promising advantages of the two approaches, challenges remain to fully develop quantum-based satellite communications such as robust and reliable information detection which is difficult to achieve due to the movement of satellites. In this paper, a tracking algorithm is proposed for polarization-encoded quantum satellite communications where polarization states are used to determine the bit transfer between the transmitter and receiver. The polarization tracking is essential for the decoding of a qubit and the quantum key distribution (QKD). A practical channel model for free-space quantum communications is adopted in this paper. With the estimated polarization, a novel dynamic polarization compensation scheme is also proposed. The results show that our methods can accurately estimate the polarization, providing much lower quantum bit error rate (QBER) by compensation, as compared with the direct qubit detection without polarization tracking and compensation scheme. C1 [Wang, Gang; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850T DI 10.1117/12.2050031 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600022 ER PT S AU Wang, P Zhang, X Chen, G Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Ping Zhang, Xi Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Quantum Key Distribution for Security Guarantees Over QoS-Driven 3D Satellite Networks SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum communications; wireless networks security; quantum cryptography; satellite communications; quantum key distribution (QKD); quality of service (QoS); QKD network; trusted repeaters; quantum teleportation; quantum entanglement ID COMMUNICATION; REPEATERS AB In recent years, quantum-based communication is emerging as a new technique for ensuring secured communications because it can guarantee absolute security between two different remote entities. Quantum communication performs the transmission and exchange of quantum information among distant nodes within a network. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a methodology for generating and distributing random encryption keys using the principles of quantum physics. In this paper, we investigate the techniques on how to efficiently use QKD in 3D satellite networks and propose an effective method to overcome its communications-distance limitations. In order to implement secured and reliable communications over wireless satellite links, we develop a free-space quantum channel model in satellite communication networks. To enlarge the communications distances over 3D satellite networks, we propose to employ the intermediate nodes to relay the unconditional keys and guarantee the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for security requirement over 3D satellite networks. We also propose the communication model for QKD security-Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee and an adaptive cooperative routing selection scheme to optimize the throughput performance of QKD-based satellite communications networks. The obtained simulation results verify our proposed schemes. C1 [Wang, Ping; Zhang, Xi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 87117 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pingwang@ece.tamu.edu; xizhang@ece.tamu.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com; pham.dai.khanh@gmail.com; erik.blasch@gmail.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850U DI 10.1117/12.2050726 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600023 ER PT S AU Wei, SX Ge, LQ Yu, W Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E Shen, D Lu, C AF Wei, Sixiao Ge, Linqiang Yu, Wei Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Shen, Dan Lu, Chao BE Pham, KD Cox, JL TI Simulation Study of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication Networks Addressing Bandwidth Disruptions SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE UAV; Performance Evaluation; Cyber Security AB To date, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used for numerous applications. UAVs can directly connect to ground stations or satellites to transfer data. Multiple UAVs can communicate and cooperate with each other and then construct an ad-hoc network. Multi-UAV systems have the potential to provide reliable and timely services for end users in addition to satellite networks. In this paper, we conduct a simulation study for evaluating the network performance of multi-UAV systems and satellite networks using the ns-2 networking simulation tool. Our simulation results show that UAV communication networks can achieve better network performance than satellite networks and with a lower cost and increased timeliness. We also investigate security resiliency of UAV networks. As a case study, we simulate false data injection attacks against UAV communication networks in ns-2 and demonstrate the impact of false data injection attacks on network performance. C1 [Wei, Sixiao; Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei; Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-022-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9085 AR UNSP 90850O DI 10.1117/12.2050765 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB2WA UT WOS:000342427600018 ER PT J AU Chen, QW Qiu, QR Wu, Q Bishop, M Barnell, M AF Chen, Qiuwen Qiu, Qinru Wu, Qing Bishop, Morgan Barnell, Mark GP IEEE TI A Confabulation Model for Abnormal Vehicle Events Detection in Wide-Area Traffic Monitoring SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTER-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Inter-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 03-06, 2014 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE anomaly detection; cogent confabulation; intelligent transportation; unsupervised learning AB The advanced sensing and imaging technologies of today's digital camera systems provide the capability of monitoring traffic flows in a very large area. In order to provide continuous monitoring and prompt anomaly detection, an abstract-level autonomous anomaly detection model is developed that is able to detect various categories of abnormal vehicle events with unsupervised learning. The method is based on the cogent confabulation model, which performs statistical inference functions in a neuromorphic formulation. The proposed approach covers the partitioning of a large region, training of the vehicle behavior knowledge base and the detection of anomalies according to the likelihood-ratio test. A software version of the system is implemented to verify the proposed model. The experimental results demonstrate the functionality of the detection model and compare the system performance under different configurations. C1 [Chen, Qiuwen; Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wu, Qing; Bishop, Morgan; Barnell, Mark] RITC, Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, QW (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CCF-1337198, CCF-1337300]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-12-1-0251]; AFRL [88ABW-2013-4667] FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants CCF-1337198 and CCF-1337300, and the Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract FA8750-12-1-0251.; Received and approved for public release by AFRL on 11/07/2013, case number 88ABW-2013-4667. Any Opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL or its contractors. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3564-2 PY 2014 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB2AO UT WOS:000341577900034 ER PT S AU Kennedy, J Carlson, J Chakravarthy, V AF Kennedy, Joseph Carlson, John Chakravarthy, Vasu GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of Spectrum Sharing Technologies SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORKS (DYSPAN) SE IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN) CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL McLean, VA DE Virtual RF Environment; Dynamic Spectrum Access; Cognitive Radio; Spectrum Sharing; RF Test bed AB We present a description of contemporary performance evaluation approaches for spectrum sharing technologies (including dynamic spectrum access (DSA)/cognitive radios (CR)), and the perspectives of stakeholders with respect to shortcomings and resultant delayed field transition impacts. The shortcomings are examined to generate a set of desirable new attributes for more capable test and evaluation (T&E) systems and methods. Ongoing research and development (R&D) using the DYnamic Spectrum Environment emulator (DYSE) aimed at addressing these DSA/CR T& E shortcomings is described including a radar-Long Term Evolution (LTE) network sharing example, a TV whitespace sharing example using 802.22, and a position/navigation/timing (PNT) example with shared RF sources for communications and PNT. C1 [Kennedy, Joseph; Carlson, John] Echo Ridge LLC, Sterling, VA 20164 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kennedy, J (reprint author), Echo Ridge LLC, Sterling, VA 20164 USA. EM joe.kennedy@echoridgenet.com; john.carlson@echoridgenet.com; vasu.chakravarthy@us.af.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [IIP-1315145]; US Army EPG [W91-RUS-10-C-0006, W91RUS-11-C-0007]; US Air Force AFRL [FA8650-10-C-1732, FA8650-13-C-1608] FX The material presented in this paper is based upon work supported from multiple sources including the National Science Foundation (NSF) under contract IIP-1315145, US Army EPG under contracts W91-RUS-10-C-0006 and W91RUS-11-C-0007, US Air Force AFRL under contracts FA8650-10-C-1732 and FA8650-13-C-1608. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3125 BN 978-1-4799-2661-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP DYNAM PY 2014 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BB2CS UT WOS:000341654800005 ER PT S AU Soltani, S Sagduyu, YE Li, JH Feldman, J Matyjas, J AF Soltani, Sohraab Sagduyu, Yalin E. Li, Jason H. Feldman, Jared Matyjas, John GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Plug-and-Play Cognitive Radio Network Emulation Testbed SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORKS (DYSPAN) SE IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN) CY APR 01-04, 2014 CL McLean, VA DE Demonstration; cognitive radio network; software-defined radio; implementation; testbed; USRP; GNU Radio AB In this demonstration, we present the capabilities of a comprehensive cognitive radio system, CREATE-NEST. We provide hardware demonstration of a Cognitive Radio nEtworking ArchiTecturE (CREATE) over the Network Emulator Simulator Testbed (NEST). CREATE is a distributed and scalable network architecture operating without a common control channel and is equipped with cross-layer design functionalities. NEST provides plug-and-play cognitive network implementation with software-defined radios (SDRs). In this demonstration, we use eight USRP N210 radios, each running full network protocol stack and communicating with each other over multiple hops and different frequency bands. Instead of over-the-air transmissions, NEST uses RFnest (Radio Frequency Network Emulator Simulator Tool) to generate the air environment by changing channel properties digitally. We demonstrate the capability of cognitive network nodes to discover local neighborhood, sense the spectrum, estimate channels, dynamically access the spectrum, select channels, route traffic, and avoid congestion, primary users and RF interferers. We present different topology and mobility scenarios and show the cognitive radio performance (throughput, delay, energy, and overhead) with interactive GUI. C1 [Soltani, Sohraab; Sagduyu, Yalin E.; Li, Jason H.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Feldman, Jared; Matyjas, John] US Air Force Res Lab, RITF, Rome, NY USA. RP Soltani, S (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM ssoltani@i-a-i.com; ysagduyu@i-a-i.com; jli@i-a-i.com; jared.feldman@us.af.mil; john.matyjas@us.af.mil FU USAF/AFRL [FA8750-12-C-0228]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under STTR [FA9550-12-C-0037] FX DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. (AFRL/RITF; 88ABW-2013-5048). Supported by USAF/AFRL under contract FA8750-12-C-0228. Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under STTR Contract FA9550-12-C-0037. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Air Force. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3125 BN 978-1-4799-2661-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP DYNAM PY 2014 BP 376 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BB2CS UT WOS:000341654800049 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Al-Nashif, Y Hariri, S AF Blasch, Erik Al-Nashif, Youssif Hariri, Salim BE Abramson, D Lees, M Krzhizhanovskaya, VV Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Static versus Dynamic Data Information Fusion analysis using DDDAS for Cyber Security Trust SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Conference on Computational Science CY JUN 10-12, 2014 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Queensland, Univ Amsterdam, NTU Singapore, Univ Tennessee AB Information fusion includes signals, features, and decision-level analysis over various types of data including imagery, text, and cyber security detection. With the maturity of data processing, the explosion of big data, and the need for user acceptance; the Dynamic Data-Driven Application System (DDDAS) philosophy fosters insights into the usability of information systems solutions. In this paper, we exp lore a notion of an adaptive adjustment of secure communication trust analysis that seeks a balance between standard static solutions versus dynamic - data driven updates. A use case is provided in determining trust for a cyber security scenario exploring comparisons of Bayesian versus evidential reasoning for dynamic security detection updates. Using the evidential reasoning proportional conflict redistribution (PCR) method, we demonstrate improved trust for dynamically changing detections of denial of service attacks. C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hariri, Salim] Univ Arizona, NSF, Ctr Cloud & Auton Comp, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; alnashif@ece.arizona.edu; hariri@ece.arizona.edu FU AFOSR DDDAS [FA95550-12-1-0241]; National Science Foundation [NSF IIP-0758579, NCS-0855087, IIP-1127873] FX yy This work is partially supported by AFOSR DDDAS award number FA95550-12-1-0241, and National Science Foundation research projects NSF IIP-0758579, NCS-0855087 and IIP-1127873. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 29 BP 1299 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.117 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1ZD UT WOS:000341492700117 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Steely, SL Phillips, WJ Nicholson, RA AF Lowry, H. S. Steely, S. L. Phillips, W. J. Nicholson, R. A. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Development and Evaluation of Technologies for Testing Visible and Infrared Imaging Sensors SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXV CY MAY 06-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HWIL; cryovacuum testing; imaging sensors; infrared; scene projection; radiometric sources; mission simulation; scene generation; imaging sensor calibration AB Ground testing of space and airborne imaging sensor systems is supported by visible-to-long wave infrared (LWIR) imaging sensor calibration and characterization, as well as hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation with high-fidelity complex scene projection to validate sensor mission performance. To accomplish this successfully, there must be the development and evaluation of technologies that are used in space simulation chambers for such testing, including emitter-array cryotesting, silicon-carbide mirror cryotesting, and flood-source development. This paper provides an overview of the efforts being investigated and implemented at Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC). C1 [Lowry, H. S.; Steely, S. L.; Phillips, W. J.; Nicholson, R. A.] ATA, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), ATA, 1077 Schriever Ave, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-008-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9071 AR 90711D DI 10.1117/12.2049460 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BB2NG UT WOS:000341926000042 ER PT S AU Lyke, JC AF Lyke, James C. BE Suresh, R TI Empowering open systems through cross-platform interoperability SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference on Open Architecture (OA) / Open Business Model (OBM) Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE modular open systems architecture; plug-and-play; interoperability; standards AB Most of the motivations for open systems lie in the expectation of interoperability, sometimes referred to as "plug-andplay". Nothing in the notion of "open-ness", however, guarantees this outcome, which makes the increased interest in open architecture more perplexing. In this paper, we explore certain themes of open architecture. We introduce the concept of "windows of interoperability", which can be used to align disparate portions of architecture. Such "windows of interoperability", which concentrate on a reduced set of protocol and interface features, might achieve many of the broader purposes assigned as benefits in open architecture. Since it is possible to engineer proprietary systems that interoperate effectively, this nuanced definition of interoperability may in fact be a more important concept to understand and nurture for effective systems engineering and maintenance. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Lyke, JC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-033-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9096 AR 90960I DI 10.1117/12.2055262 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB2NF UT WOS:000341924200010 ER PT S AU Watson, CL Biswas, S AF Watson, Clifton L. Biswas, Subir BE Suresh, R TI Q-Learning and p-Persistent CSMA Based Rendezvous Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks Operating with Shared Spectrum Activity SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference on Open Architecture (OA) / Open Business Model (OBM) Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Dynamic spectrum access; cognitive radio; cognitive radio networks; rendezvous; Q-learning AB With an increasing demand for spectrum, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has been proposed as viable means for providing the flexibility and greater access to spectrum necessary to meet this demand. Within the DSA concept, unlicensed secondary users temporarily "borrow" or access licensed spectrum, while respecting the licensed primary user's rights to that spectrum. As key enablers for DSA, cognitive radios (CRs) are based on software-defined radios which allow them to sense, learn, and adapt to the spectrum environment. These radios can operate independently and rapidly switch channels. Thus, the initial setup and maintenance of cognitive radio networks are dependent upon the ability of CR nodes to find each other, in a process known as rendezvous, and create a link on a common channel for the exchange of data and control information. In this paper, we propose a novel rendezvous protocol, known as QLP, which is based on Q-learning and the p-persistent CSMA protocol. With the QLP protocol, CR nodes learn which channels are best for rendezvous and thus adapt their behavior to visit those channels more frequently. We demonstrate through simulation that the QLP protocol provides a rendevous capability for DSA environments with different dynamics of PU activity, while attempting to achieve the following performance goals: (1) minimize the average time-to-rendezvous, (2) maximize system throughput, (3) minimize primary user interference, and (4) minimize collisions among CR nodes. C1 [Watson, Clifton L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45453 USA. [Biswas, Subir] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Watson, CL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45453 USA. EM clifton.watson@wpafb.af.mil; sbiswas@msu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory for funding this research and acknowledge valuable suggestions made by members of the NeEWS Lab at Michigan State University. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-033-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9096 AR UNSP 909602 DI 10.1117/12.2050224 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB2NF UT WOS:000341924200002 ER PT J AU Albert, J AF Albert, J. TI Radial diffusion simulations of the 20 September 2007 radiation belt dropout SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, trapped ID EMIC WAVES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; LOSSES; COEFFICIENTS; MODEL AB This is a study of a dropout of radiation belt electrons, associated with an isolated solar wind density pulse on 20 September 2007, as seen by the solid-state telescopes (SST) detectors on THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms). Omnidirectional fluxes were converted to phase space density at constant invariants M = 700MeVG(-1) and K = 0.014R(E) G(1/2), with the assumption of local pitch angle alpha approximate to 80 degrees and using the T04 magnetic field model. The last closed drift shell, which was calculated throughout the time interval, never came within the simulation outer boundary of L* = 6. It is found, using several different models for diffusion rates, that radial diffusion alone only allows the data-driven, time-dependent boundary values at L-max = 6 and L-min = 3.7 to propagate a few tenths of an R-E during the simulation; far too slow to account for the dropout observed over the broad range of L* = 4-5.5. Pitch angle diffusion via resonant interactions with several types of waves (chorus, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and plasmaspheric and plume hiss) also seems problematic, for several reasons which are discussed. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Albert, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jay.albert@us.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI); Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA LWS TRT program FX This work was performed as part of a group effort organized by Richard Horne and Norma Crosby under the auspices of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), whose support and hospitality in 2011 and 2013 is gratefully acknowledged. The THEMIS SST data were processed and provided by Drew Turner. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov; magnetic field input parameters derived from data on OMNIWeb were made available by Richard Denton and Zhengui Qin. Paul O'Brien provided timely support of use of the IBREM library. Useful discussions were had with Richard Selesnick and James McCollough. This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and by the NASA LWS TR&T program. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 8 BP 925 EP 934 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-925-2014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO8LT UT WOS:000341606700003 ER PT J AU Priddy, LP Bly, PG Jackson, CJ Flintsch, GW AF Priddy, Lucy P. Bly, Peter G. Jackson, Christopher J. Flintsch, Gerardo W. TI Full-scale field testing of precast Portland cement concrete panel airfield pavement repairs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE precast; rapid repair; PCC; full-scale; airfields AB A series of various sized Portland cement concrete (PCC) airfield repairs was performed using precast panels. The repairs received simulated C-17 aircraft traffic, and each repair was trafficked to failure. A heavy weight deflectometer was used to measure the panels' response to loading with increasing traffic applications. The results of traffic testing were used to evaluate the suitability of the precast panel repair technique for rapidly repairing PCC airfield pavements. Test results showed that the repair system was capable of supporting at least 5000 passes and possibly as many as 10,000 passes of C-17 traffic. Compared with other rapid airfield repair methods, the precast panel repair alternative may provide similar return-to-service timeliness and traffic performance at a slightly higher cost. Modifications to the system design and placement procedures are recommended to improve the field performance of the panels. C1 [Priddy, Lucy P.; Bly, Peter G.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Airfields & Pavements Branch, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Jackson, Christopher J.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Flintsch, Gerardo W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Charles E Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Priddy, LP (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Airfields & Pavements Branch, CEERD GM A, 3900 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM lucy.p.priddy@usace.army.mil FU US Air Force Civil Engineer Center FX The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research sponsored by the US Air Force Civil Engineer Center and performed at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Permission to publish this information was granted by the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1029-8436 EI 1477-268X J9 INT J PAVEMENT ENG JI Int. J. Pavement Eng. PY 2014 VL 15 IS 9 BP 840 EP 853 DI 10.1080/10298436.2014.893320 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AP3PS UT WOS:000341989800006 ER PT J AU Frank, TE Scheie, ML Cachro, V Munoz, AS AF Frank, Timothy E. Scheie, Matthew L. Cachro, Victoria Munoz, Andrew S. TI The effect of increasing grain size in biosand water filters in combination with ultraviolet disinfection SO JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE biosand water filter; developing countries; disinfection; grain size; water quality ID SLOW SAND FILTRATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; REDUCTIONS; SODIS AB With sand less than 0.70 mm often difficult to source in the field, it is of interest to study larger grained sand for use in biosand water filters (BSF). This study examined how sand grain size affects biological sand water filtration and how the combination of biological sand filtration and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection affects drinking water quality. Two BSFs were built: a control with maximum grain size, d(max) = 0.70 mm and an experimental with grain sizes ranging from 0.70 mm to d(max) = 2.0 mm. Untreated water was passed through each BSF daily. Results show Escherichia coli and turbidity removal characteristics of the control and experimental BSFs were not significantly different from one another. Both BSFs produced water that met World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guidelines for turbidity, and although E. coli reduction was over 98% for each BSF, a high initial bacteria concentration resulted in effluent levels above WHO guidelines. Subsequently, effluent from each BSF was placed in clear plastic bottles under UV light, after which water from each BSF met E. coli guidelines. The data yielded promising results for using larger sand in BSFs, but longer duration studies with more data points are needed. C1 [Frank, Timothy E.; Scheie, Matthew L.; Cachro, Victoria; Munoz, Andrew S.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Frank, TE (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite 6J-117, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM tefrank18@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the US Air Force Academy, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. Partial funding was received from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, administered through the US Air Force Academy Office of Research small grants program. The authors would like to thank Dennis Scott, Heidi Hunter, and Alice and Kent Meyer for their knowledge and assistance. Additionally, the complimentary use of a Quanti-Tray Sealer (R) 2X from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. was greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 2043-9083 J9 J WATER SANIT HYG DE JI J. Wate Sanit. Hyg. Dev. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.2166/washdev.2013.171 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AO7WM UT WOS:000341563300003 ER PT J AU Mamangun, DMD Santana, JL Ouchen, F Grote, JG Sotzing, GA AF Mamangun, Donna Marie D. Santana, Jose L. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Orthogonal alignment of DNA using hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent for film castings SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LIPID COMPLEX; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SURFACTANT; FLUORESCENCE; NANOFIBERS; POLYMERS AB The use of the fluorinated alcohol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as a processing solvent for orthogonal alignment of a DNA-surfactant complex is reported herein. 1-butanol (BuOH) was used as the control. At low frequencies, films of DNA-CTMA cast from HFIP exhibited a higher, more consistent dielectric constant and a lower dissipation factor compared to films cast from BuOH. C1 [Mamangun, Donna Marie D.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Santana, Jose L.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Sci Mat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, 55 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 75 BP 39798 EP 39801 DI 10.1039/c4ra04766d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AP0TY UT WOS:000341779000025 ER PT J AU Traversa, A Loffredo, E Palazzo, AJ Bashore, TL Senesi, N AF Traversa, A. Loffredo, E. Palazzo, A. J. Bashore, T. L. Senesi, N. TI Enhancement of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum l.) early growth as affected by composts SO JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; growth parameters; plant growing substrate; compost; peat ID GROWING MEDIA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; BIOMASS YIELDS; WASTE COMPOST; PLANT-GROWTH; SOIL; LOWLAND; UPLAND; STABILITY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a bunchgrass native to North America recently successively cultivated as an energy crop. The use of compost as soil amendment is a universal practice well known for its benefits to soil properties and plant growth. This study aimed to assess the possible benefits of compost addition on the growth parameters of four switchgrass populations, the octaploids Shelter, Shawnee and Dacotah, and the tetraploid Alamo, in pot experiments. Three growing media were prepared by mixing peat (P) with each of three different composts, a green compost (GC), a mixed compost (MC) and a coffee compost (CC), at the percentages of 5%, 10% and 20% (v/v). Results obtained showed that, with respect to the use of P only, all compost mixtures exerted positive effects on root, shoot and primary leaf lengths and on the fresh weight of the different switchgrass populations. In particular, GC/P and MC/P mixtures appeared more efficient at 5% and 10% of compost, whereas CC/P mixtures produced the best results at 10% and 20% of compost. The effects of composts were more evident for the Shawnee population and less for the Shelter one, thus indicating an involvement of the genotype in the plant response. C1 [Traversa, A.; Loffredo, E.; Senesi, N.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Alimenti, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Palazzo, A. J.] ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bashore, T. L.] Airfield Operat Div, HQ ACC A3A, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Traversa, A (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Alimenti, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM andreina.traversa@uniba.it OI Loffredo, Elisabetta/0000-0003-0783-5193 FU U.S. Army RDECOM ACQ CTR - W911NF, Durham NC, USA [W911NF-08-1-0076]; Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA FX This work was supported by the Research Contract No. W911NF-08-1-0076 of the U.S. Army RDECOM ACQ CTR - W911NF, Durham NC, USA. Project title: Effects of quality composts and other organic amendments and their humic and fulvic acid fractions on the germination and early growth of slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) and switchgrass in various experimental conditions, funded by the Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA. The opinions and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Air Force, United States Army, or the Federal government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC CHILENA CIENCIA SUELO PI TEMUCO PA CASILLA 54-D, TEMUCO, 00000, CHILE SN 0718-9516 J9 J SOIL SCI PLANT NUT JI J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 471 EP 482 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AN9QT UT WOS:000340943500017 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, A Remund, T AF Hurwitz, Arnon Remund, Todd TI A Large-Sample Confidence Interval for the Inverse Prediction of Quantile Differences in Logistic Regression for Two Independent Tests SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE calibration; confidence interval; delta method; effective dose; inverse prediction; LD50; logistic regression; percentile; quantal response; quantile; radar; Wald AB Logistic regression is a nonlinear method used for modeling a dichotomous (i.e., binary) response variable as a function of covariates. Such models have wide applicability and have proved especially useful in the health sciences where the question of effective dose (ED) or lethal dose (LD) is a central issue. For example, in toxicology studies, LD50 traditionally denotes the dose at which 50% of treated individuals perish. More generally, ED100p is the dose level corresponding to an average given percentage, 100p (i.e., the 100pth quantile) of individuals responding to a treatment. In our field of flight test, logistic regression has a similar wide applicability. It is common to record a response as {hit, miss} or {success, failure} and to count the number of response successes at each level of input; the response is thus a quantal variable. In the example we develop here, the interest is in an application of blip-scan radar where the response is Y = {detect, no detect} and the covariate is range from target. In particular, we are interested in obtaining a confidence interval for the difference in range between two same-percentile values, one from each of two independent flights. The difference may be due to a different radar equipment configuration on each of the two flights and engineers are interested in quantifying the size of this difference in the detection performance. We approach the problem analytically and derive a symmetric confidence interval approximation for the average difference that is straightforward to compute and does not require simulation. Our results are based on the large-sample properties of maximum likelihood estimates and extend a result in nonlinear modeling given by Schwenke and Milliken (1991). The confidence interval so constructed is shown to give good probability coverage. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the procedure. C1 [Hurwitz, Arnon; Remund, Todd] Edwards AFB, Stat Methods Off, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hurwitz, A (reprint author), Edwards AFB, Stat Methods Off, Bldg 1440,Popson Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM arnon.hurwitz@edwards.af.mil; todd.remund@edwards.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1080/08982112.2014.920507 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA AO2FW UT WOS:000341133700008 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Introduction to the Book SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 1 EP + PG 59 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900001 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Random Finite Sets SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 43 EP 58 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900002 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multiobject Calculus SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 59 EP 80 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900003 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multiobject Statistics SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 81 EP 106 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900004 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multiobject Modeling and Filtering SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 107 EP 137 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900005 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multiobject Metrology SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 139 EP 160 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900006 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Introduction to Part II SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 163 EP 179 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900007 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Classical PHD and CPHD Filters SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 181 EP 216 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900008 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Implementing Classical PHD/CPHD Filters SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 217 EP 275 PG 59 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900009 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multisensor PHD and CPHD Filters SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 277 EP 309 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900010 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Jump-Markov PHD/CPHD Filters SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 311 EP 350 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900011 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Joint Tracking and Sensor-Bias Estimation SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 351 EP 378 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900012 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multi-Bernoulli Filters SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 379 EP 403 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900013 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Multitarget Smoothers SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 405 EP 434 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900014 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Exact Closed-Form Multitarget Filter SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 435 EP 500 PG 66 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900015 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Introduction to Part III SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 503 EP 517 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900016 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Unknown p(D) SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 519 EP 549 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900017 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Unknown Clutter SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 551 EP 644 PG 94 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900018 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Superpositional Sensors SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 647 EP 669 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900019 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Pixelized Images SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 671 EP 683 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900020 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Cluster-Type Targets SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 685 EP 755 PG 71 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900021 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI RFS Filters for Ambiguous Measurements SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 757 EP 823 PG 67 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900022 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Introduction to Part V SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 827 EP 859 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900023 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Single-Target Sensor Management SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 861 EP 887 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900024 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Multitarget Sensor Management SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 889 EP 948 PG 60 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900025 ER PT B AU Mahler, RPS AF Mahler, Ronald P. S. BA Mahler, RPS BF Mahler, RPS TI Approximate Sensor Management SO ADVANCES IN STATISICAL MULTISOURCE-MULTITARGET INFORMATION FUSION SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] US Dept Def DoD, Pentagon, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Army Res Off USARO, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] MDA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] DoD Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] USAF Inst Technol AFIT, Patterson, OH USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] IEEE Conf Decis & Control, Florence, Italy. IEEE Workshop Multiobject Tracking, Madison, WI USA. 2004 Int Conf Informat Fus, Baden, Switzerland. RP Mahler, RPS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Labs, Eagan, MN 55121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-798-4 J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF PY 2014 BP 949 EP 1032 PG 84 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB0KN UT WOS:000340343900026 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Wang, GP Huang, Y Wang, JL Peng, RR Lu, YL AF Sun, Shujie Wang, Guopeng Huang, Yan Wang, Jianlin Peng, Ranran Lu, Yalin TI Structural transformation and multiferroic properties in Gd-doped Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 ceramics SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOELECTRIC MATERIALS; AURIVILLIUS PHASES; RARE-EARTH; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB Bismuth layer-structured Bi7-xGdxFe3Ti3O21 (0.00 <= x <= 1.50) ceramics were synthesized by Pechini's method, in which gadolinium doping was used with a goal to enhance the magnetic response of the material. With increase in the Gd content of x, an obvious structural transformation, changing gradually from the originally designed six-layer structure to five-layers, was initially shown by X-ray diffraction patterns, and then by Raman scattering spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. Substituting Bi sites with Gd3+ ions was found to be able to effectively suppress the leakage current, and its resistivity was found to be about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the un-doped sample. Improved magnetic properties and a clear magnetic anomaly were observed in the sample with a composition of x = 1.00, indicating the behaviour of transforming from anti-ferromagnetism with weak ferromagnetism at the room temperature into a complex magnetism at low temperature. C1 [Sun, Shujie; Wang, Guopeng; Huang, Yan; Wang, Jianlin; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peng, RR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM pengrr@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Sun, Shujie/N-1421-2016 OI Sun, Shujie/0000-0001-7079-8378 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51072193]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51072193), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 57 BP 30440 EP 30446 DI 10.1039/c4ra04945d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AN3OK UT WOS:000340497600066 ER PT J AU Costa, E Roddy, PA Ballenthin, JO AF Costa, E. Roddy, P. A. Ballenthin, J. O. TI Statistical analysis of C/NOFS planar Langmuir probe data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION; LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY; SOLAR MAXIMUM; PHASE SCREEN; MODEL; DMSP; IRREGULARITIES; FIELD AB The planar Langmuir probe (PLP) onboard the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite has been monitoring ionospheric plasma densities and their irregularities with high resolution almost seamlessly since May 2008. Considering the recent changes in status of the C/NOFS mission, it may be interesting to summarize some statistical results from these measurements. PLP data from 2 different years (1 October 2008-30 September 2009 and 1 January 2012-31 December 2012) were selected for analysis. The first data set corresponds to solar minimum conditions and the second one is as close to solar maximum conditions of solar cycle 24 as possible at the time of the analysis. The results from the analysis show how the values of the standard deviation of the ion density which are greater than specified thresholds are statistically distributed as functions of several combinations of the following geophysical parameters: (i) solar activity, (ii) altitude range, (iii) longitude sector, (iv) local time interval, (v) geomagnetic latitude interval, and (vi) season. C1 [Costa, E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro PUC Rio, Ctr Estudos Telecomunicacoes CETUC, BR-22451900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Roddy, P. A.; Ballenthin, J. O.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Costa, E (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro PUC Rio, Ctr Estudos Telecomunicacoes CETUC, Rua Marques de Sao Vicente 225 Gavea, BR-22451900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM epoc@cetuc.puc-rio.br; patrick.roddy@us.af.mil FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0031] FX E. Costa was supported by AFOSR award no. FA9550-12-1-0031 during the present work. The authors thank the reviewers for the insightful and constructive comments, which helped them in the development of a better paper. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 7 BP 773 EP 791 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-773-2014 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5YX UT WOS:000339938200005 ER PT J AU Yin, H Morton, Y Carroll, M Vinande, E AF Yin, Hang Morton, Yu (Jade) Carroll, Mark Vinande, Eric GP ION TI Performance Analysis of L2 and L5 CNAV Broadcast Ephemeris for Orbit Calculation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat DE Modernized Civilian Navigation Data; Orbit Calculation; Ephemeris; Inner Code; Outer Code ID CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES; DECODER AB GPS ephemeris error is a limiting factor in GPS position solution precision. The newly introduced GPS Civil Navigation (CNAV) broadcast message, an upgraded version of the legacy NAV message on the GPS Li signal, is designed to provide users with more precise satellite orbit and timing parameters in GPS ephemeris. A CNAV message broadcast test was conducted from June 15th to 29th, 2013 on the L2C and L5 bands Baseband civil GPS signals on Li, L2, and L5 were recorded during the test using wideband software radio front ends. The signals were acquired and tracked, and the navigation messages were decoded by the conventional Viterbi method and a more computationally efficient matrixbased method. GPS ephemerides were extracted from the CNAV messages to compute satellite orbit solutions. In this paper, the orbit solution accuracy is compared with that computed from Legacy NAV messages during the same time period to demonstrate the improvements in the CNAV ephemeris precision. C1 [Yin, Hang; Morton, Yu (Jade); Carroll, Mark] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Vinande, Eric] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yin, H (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [8650- 08- D- 1451]; Miami University; Steve Taylor at Miami University FX This project is supported by Air Force Research Laboratory grant # 8650- 08- D- 1451 and Miami University. The authors appreciate the inputs provided by Dr. Jeffrey Hebert from Air Force Research Laboratory and data collection system setup by graduate student Steve Taylor at Miami University. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 761 EP 768 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BA9OA UT WOS:000339630900082 ER PT J AU Singh, KV McDonough, LA Kolonay, R Cooper, JE AF Singh, Kumar V. McDonough, Laura A. Kolonay, Raymond Cooper, Jonathan E. TI Receptance-Based Active Aeroelastic Control Using Multiple Control Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 22-26, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID FLUTTER SUPPRESSION; DESIGN; TECHNOLOGY; PROGRAM C1 [Singh, Kumar V.] Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [McDonough, Laura A.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Kolonay, Raymond] US Air Force, Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Sci & Technol Center, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cooper, Jonathan E.] Univ Bristol, Royal Acad Engn, Airbus Sir George White Chair Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Singh, KV (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Singh, Kumar/D-5183-2015 OI Singh, Kumar/0000-0002-9868-5583 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.2514/1.C032183 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AL2RP UT WOS:000338973100032 ER PT J AU Grabinski, CM Salaklang, J Garrett, CM Schrand, AM Petri-Fink, A Hofmann, H Hussain, SM AF Grabinski, Christin M. Salaklang, Jatuporn Garrett, Carol M. Schrand, Amanda M. Petri-Fink, Alke Hofmann, Heinrich Hussain, Saber M. TI MULTIFUNCTIONALIZED SPIONs FOR NUCLEAR TARGETING: CELL UPTAKE AND GENE EXPRESSION SO NANO LA English DT Article DE SPION; peptide targeting; gene expression; intracellular localization ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); SIRNA DELIVERY; LIVING CELLS; CANCER-CELLS AB Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used in many biological applications, which necessitate intracellular targeting. Here, we investigate intracellular localization and gene expression in HeLa cells after treatment with functionalized SPIONs. Functional groups investigated included positive amino propyl silane (APS), polyethylene glycol and targeting peptides: nuclear targeting peptide (NTP) and/or cancer cell uptake promoting peptide (cRGD). Results revealed that the intracellular localization of SPIONs was strongly dependent on the surface chemistry. Nuclear targeted SPIONs functionalized with only NTP or both NTP and cRGD were mostly localized in perinuclear endosomes with a small fraction entering the nucleus. The biocompatibility of cells after treatment was also dependent on surface chemistry, where SPIONs functionalized with both NTP and cRGD exhibited a more significant reduction of cell proliferation compared to NTP or cRGD individually. Interestingly, gene expression after treatment with SPIONs was similar, regardless of the surface functionalization or intracellular localization. The results of this study showed that cellular uptake and intracellular localization predominantly depended on the surface chemistry, while gene expression exhibited a more generic response to SPION treatment. C1 [Grabinski, Christin M.; Garrett, Carol M.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Hussain, Saber M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, HPW RHDJ 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salaklang, Jatuporn; Hofmann, Heinrich] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Mat, Powder Technol Lab, Stn 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Petri-Fink, Alke] Univ Fribourg, BioNanomat Grp, Adolphe Merkle Inst, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland. RP Grabinski, CM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, HPW RHDJ 711, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christin.grabinski.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil OI Merkle Institute, Adolphe/0000-0002-6220-424X FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX Ms. Grabinski was supported by an appointment to the Graduate Student Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 1793-2920 EI 1793-7094 J9 NANO JI Nano PD JAN PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR 1450009 DI 10.1142/S179329201450009X PG 39 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AL3BF UT WOS:000338999300011 ER PT S AU Alam, MS Khoury, J Banerjee, PP Durant, WM Martin, DM Nehmetallah, GT AF Alam, Mohammad S. Khoury, Jed Banerjee, Partha P. Durant, William M. Martin, Daniel M. Nehmetallah, Georges T. BE Casasent, D Chao, TH TI Performance Evaluation of Optimal Filters for Target Detection Using SAR Imagery SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXV CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pattern recognition; matched filter; Fourier transform; fringe-adjusted JTC; and SAR imagery ID JOINT TRANSFORM CORRELATION; SYNTHETIC DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS; RECOGNITION; CORRELATOR AB Various matched filter based architectures have been proposed over the last two decades to optimize the target detection and recognition performance. While these techniques provide excellent performance with respect to one or more parameters, a unified and synergistic approach to evaluate the performance of these techniques under the same constraints is yet to be done. Consequently, in this paper, we used a set of generalized performance metrics for comparing the performance of the recently reported matched filter based techniques using various types of infrared and SAR datasets. Test results obtained using the aforementioned datasets and performance metrics provide excellent information with respect to the suitability of existing filter based techniques for various target detection and tracking practical applications. C1 [Alam, Mohammad S.; Durant, William M.; Martin, Daniel M.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 150 Jaguar Dr,SHEC 4122, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Khoury, Jed] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, Partha P.; Nehmetallah, Georges T.] Univ Dayton, Ctr Elect Opt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Alam, MS (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 150 Jaguar Dr,SHEC 4122, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. EM malam@southalabama.edu FU Air Force Research Lab [FA8650- 13- C1531] FX This research was supported by a contract from the Air Force Research Lab ( Contract No. FA8650- 13- C1531). The authors also wish to thank Justin Cleary for many rewarding discussions. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-031-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9094 AR UNSP 90940C DI 10.1117/12.2054358 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BA8SD UT WOS:000338583700010 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Alam, MS Banerjee, PP Nehmetallah, GT Durrant, WM Martin, DM Donoghue, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M AF Khoury, Jed Alam, Mohammad S. Banerjee, Partha P. Nehmetallah, Georges T. Durrant, William M. Martin, Daniel M. Donoghue, John Peyghambarian, N. Yamamoto, M. BE Casasent, D Chao, TH TI Performance Comparison of Photorefractive Two-Beam Coupling Correlator with Optimal Filter Based Correlators SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXV CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pattern recognition; matched filter; Fourier transform; fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator; SAR imagery; two-beam coupling; photorefractive material ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; SYNTHETIC DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS; PHASE-ONLY FILTERS; INCOHERENT-ERASURE; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; TARGET RECOGNITION; IMAGERY AB The photorefractive joint transform correlator (JTC) combines two features. The first is embedded semi-adaptive optimality which weighs the correlation against clutter and noise in the input and the second is the intrinsic dynamic range compression nonlinearity which improves several metrics simultaneously without metric tradeoff. The performance of this two-beam coupling joint transform correlator scheme is evaluated against several other well-known correlation filters that have been developed during the last three decades. The result shows that the two-beam coupling joint transform scheme is a very robust correlator with respect to standard evaluation metrics for different sets of data. C1 [Khoury, Jed] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alam, Mohammad S.; Durrant, William M.; Martin, Daniel M.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Banerjee, Partha P.; Nehmetallah, Georges T.] Univ Dayton, Ctr Elect Opt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nehmetallah, Georges T.] Catholic Univ Amer, EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Donoghue, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Peyghambarian, N.; Yamamoto, M.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM malam@southalabama.edu FU Air Force Research Lab [FA8650- 13- C- 1531, FA8650- 13- C- 1529]; AFOSR through C. Lee FX This research was supported by a contract from the Air Force Research Lab ( Contract Nos. FA8650- 13- C- 1531 and FA8650- 13- C- 1529). The authors wish to thank C. Lee and J. Cleary for many rewarding discussions. Jed Khoury gratefully acknowledges the support from AFOSR through C. Lee. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-031-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9094 AR UNSP 909405 DI 10.1117/12.2054355 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BA8SD UT WOS:000338583700004 ER PT S AU Nehmetallah, G Banerjee, PP Alam, M Khoury, J AF Nehmetallah, G. Banerjee, P. P. Alam, M. Khoury, J. BE Casasent, D Chao, TH TI Performance Evaluation of Photorefractive Two-Beam Coupling Joint Transform Correlator SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXV CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE two-beam coupling; photorefractive material; correlation; pattern recognition; matched filter; Fourier transform; SAR imagery ID POLYMERS AB The performance of a novel joint transform correlator (JTC) based on photorefractive (PR) two-beam coupling (TBC) is analyzed by determining the dependence of relevant figures of merit such as the discrimination ratio, the peak-to-correlation plane energy ratio, and the peak-to-noise ratio on the PR gain coefficient and pump-probe beam ratio for a variety of reference and signal images. In this scheme, spatially separated reference and signal images constitute the pump, which transfers energy to a weak probe in a novel image processing setup where the PR polymer serves as the spatial filter in the Fourier plane. C1 [Nehmetallah, G.; Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nehmetallah, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Alam, M.] Univ S Alabama, Dept ECE, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Khoury, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nehmetallah, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-031-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9094 AR UNSP 909409 DI 10.1117/12.2054357 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BA8SD UT WOS:000338583700007 ER PT S AU Dorman, SEG Hoff, BK Reid, TA Collins, SE Henning, DH AF Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon Hoff, Benjamin K. Reid, Timothy A. Collins, Sarah E. Henning, Daniel H. BE Clark, G Wang, CH TI The Effect of Ralstonia pickettii on Environmental Fatigue Crack Growth of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL FATIGUE CONGRESS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Fatigue Congress CY MAR 02-07, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP RMIT Univ, Australian Calibrat Serv, MTS, Defence Mat Technol Ctr, Rosebank Engn Australia DE Corrosion fatigue; corrosion fatigue inhibition; Ralstonia pickettii; microbial induced corrosion; environmentally assisted cracking ID WATER-SYSTEM; CORROSION; BIOFILMS AB As more industries and nations focus on environmental protection, the desire to develop non-toxic, sustainable coatings to protect against corrosion becomes a primary focus. One of the areas on the cutting edge of new coating development is the use of bacteria in corrosion prevention coatings. For many years the focus in the corrosion community was on microbial influenced corrosion with the assumption that all bacteria had negative consequences for corrosion and corrosion fatigue. More recently it has been documented that a variety of bacteria can protect against general surface corrosion. None of the work to date on bacteria preventing general corrosion has shown that the inhibitive effects could also be applied to corrosion fatigue. Researchers at the United States Air Force Academy discovered that a bacteria, Ralstonia pickettii, is capable of reducing the fatigue crack growth rate of AA7075-T651 and AA7475-T7351 in 0.06M NaCl to near that of chromate. In cycles to failure testing in 0.06M NaCl the sample life was extended approximately 5 to 6 times depending on the fatigue loading variables compared to samples in 0.06M NaCl without the bacteria. The mechanism behind the corrosion fatigue protection is being investigated in hopes that it could lead to the development of new coatings to reduce corrosion fatigue. The current theories behind how the bacteria slows corrosion fatigue crack propagation are (1) presence of a biofilm, (2) metal sequestration and replating on the crack surface, (3) desalination of the test solution, and (4) oxide layer development and repair. C1 [Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon] Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2J2, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. [Hoff, Benjamin K.; Collins, Sarah E.; Henning, Daniel H.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reid, Timothy A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dorman, SEG (reprint author), Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2J2, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM sgd@saf-engineering.com FU USAFA Broad Agency [FA-7000-11-2-0011]; United States Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Policy; Oversight Office under the Technical Corrosion Collaboration (TCC) FX This work was funded under a USAFA Broad Agency Announcement (FA-7000-11-2-0011) by the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office under the Technical Corrosion Collaboration (TCC). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03835-008-8 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2014 VL 891-892 BP 224 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.224 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA7TX UT WOS:000337767700034 ER PT S AU Dorman, SEG AF Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon BE Clark, G Wang, CH TI The Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Environmental Fatigue Crack Growth in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL FATIGUE CONGRESS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Fatigue Congress CY MAR 02-07, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP RMIT Univ, Australian Calibrat Serv, MTS, Defence Mat Technol Ctr, Rosebank Engn Australia DE Corrosion fatigue inhibition; chromate; molybdate; inhibitor leaching; AA7075 AB Corrosion fatigue is an area of concern for the United States Air Force (USAF) and other Department of Defense (DoD) organizations. Often DoD corrosion prevention systems include chromate containing coatings, typically in the form of chromate conversion coatings and polymer primers. Chromate has been used successfully for many years within the DoD to prevent corrosion damage. However the environmental and personnel risks associated with chromate coatings have caused the USAF to pursue non-chromate containing corrosion prevention coatings [1]. To fully quantify chromate replacement coatings, an understanding of the effects that chromate has on corrosion fatigue crack growth rates must be fully characterized. Some researchers have shown that high levels of chromate added to 0.6 M NaCl full immersion corrosion fatigue tests on 7xxx series aluminum alloys slow the fatigue crack growth rate substantially [2,3]. The limitation of that research was that the amount of chromate present in the test solution environment was not connected to expected leach rates of chromate from polymeric coatings and a high solubility salt was used. The majority of DoD assets are protected from corrosion by polymer coatings loaded with corrosion inhibitors. For these coatings to slow fatigue crack propagation the corrosion inhibitors must become mobile as a consequence of hydration of the polymer coating matrix. Based on this mechanism of corrosion inhibitor release, the examination of atmospheric corrosion fatigue becomes important to help understand how inhibitors work in real world situations with hydrated salt layers rather than only fully immersed solutions. C1 Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Dorman, SEG (reprint author), Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2J2, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM sgd@saf-engineering.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03835-008-8 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2014 VL 891-892 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA7TX UT WOS:000337767700035 ER PT S AU Emery, SB Boyle, JM Rider, KB Little, BK Lindsay, CM AF Emery, S. B. Boyle, J. M. Rider, K. B. Little, B. K. Lindsay, C. M. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Nano-scale energetic films by superfluid helium droplet assembly SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; CLUSTERS; ALUMINUM; NANOPARTICLES; COMBUSTION; GROWTH; IMPACT; SIZE AB The helium droplet technique has been utilized to study a wide range of topics in chemical physics such as atomic scale manifestations of superfluidity, chemistry at ultra-low temperatures, and the assembly of exotic Van der Waals complexes. Our efforts have transitioned the helium droplet methodology from a cryogenic nano-scale matrix to a film deposition technique capable of creating nano-structured films of composite metal-based energetic materials (EM). Such materials are ideal candidates to study propagation of reactions at small scale, and could be alternatives to organic based EM due to their higher energy densities. The helium droplet methodology may also provide a solution overcoming issues of reaction-limiting effects such as the formation of oxide layers by exploiting 'magic-number' cluster sizes and core-shell cluster mechanisms. This proceeding describes our previously reported efforts to model and characterize the deposition of magnesium clusters by superfluid helium droplet assembly, our efforts to produce magnesium-Fomblin core-shell EM cluster-based films, and our early attempts at making intermetallic cluster-based films. C1 [Emery, S. B.; Little, B. K.; Lindsay, C. M.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Boyle, J. M.] Res & Technol Div, NSWC IHD Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Rider, K. B.] Babcock & Wilcox Co, Lynchburg, VA 24504 USA. RP Emery, SB (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM samuel.emery.ctr@eglin.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer [3002NW]; [96ABW-2013-0262] FX This research was performed while S.B.E., B.K.L., and K.B.R. held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards and Senior Associate Awards (K.B.R.only). This work was supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer Dr. Michael Berman. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Amanda M. Schrand. DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2013-0262) NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 052012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052012 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900046 ER PT S AU Little, BK Welle, EJ Emery, SB Bogle, MB Ashley, VL Schrand, AM Lindsay, CM AF Little, B. K. Welle, E. J. Emery, S. B. Bogle, M. B. Ashley, V. L. Schrand, A. M. Lindsay, C. M. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Chemical dynamics of nano-aluminum/iodine (V) oxide SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID IODINE PENTOXIDE AB This proceeding describes our preliminary efforts in studying highly reactive composites containing crystalline iodine (V) oxide and nano-aluminum (nAl) with various amounts of cyclohexanone in the form of powders. In this study we report upon the application of physiochemical techniques such as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and electron microscopy for chemical characterization of powder composites. In addition dynamic measurements were conducted by recording pressure trace profiles during a combustion event. These various techniques were employed to examine these energetic materials (EMs) and associate changes to the chemical dynamics of the composite with the additive. C1 [Little, B. K.; Emery, S. B.; Bogle, M. B.; Ashley, V. L.; Schrand, A. M.; Lindsay, C. M.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Welle, E. J.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWMF, Ordnance Div, Fuzes Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Little, BK (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Energet Mat Branch, Ordnance Div, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM brian.little.ctr@eglin.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards; Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer [3002NW]; Lucas Martinez; Rosa Saenz; Craig Bramlett FX This research was performed while B. K. L and S. B. E. held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards. This work was supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer Dr. Michael Berman. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Lucas Martinez, Rosa Saenz and Craig Bramlett. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 052025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052025 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900059 ER PT S AU Reynolds, JG Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Warner, KF Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC AF Reynolds, J. G. Sandstrom, M. M. Brown, G. W. Warner, K. F. Phillips, J. J. Shelley, T. J. Reyes, J. A. Hsu, P. C. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI DHS small-scale safety and thermal testing of improvised explosives-comparison of testing performance SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB One of the first steps in establishing safe handling procedures for explosives is small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing. To better understand the response of improvised materials or homemade explosives (HMEs) to SSST testing, 16 HME materials were compared to three standard military explosives in a proficiency-type round robin study among five laboratories-two DoD and three DOE-sponsored by DHS. The testing matrix has been designed to address problems encountered with improvised materials-powder mixtures, liquid suspensions, partially wetted solids, immiscible liquids, and reactive materials. More than 30 issues have been identified that indicate standard test methods may require modification when applied to HMEs to derive accurate sensitivity assessments needed for developing safe handling and storage practices. This paper presents a generalized comparison of the results among the testing participants, comparison of friction results from BAM (German Bundesanstalt fur Materialpr fung) and ABL (Allegany Ballistics Laboratory) designed testing equipment, and an overview of the statistical results from the RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) standard tested throughout the proficiency test. C1 [Reynolds, J. G.; Hsu, P. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sandstrom, M. M.; Brown, G. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Warner, K. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, J. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Shelley, T. J.] Bureau Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, J. A.] Tyndall AFB, Appl Res Associate, Tyndall, FL USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division; Naval Surface Warfare; U. S. Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate; Explosives Division; Los Alamos National Security, LLC; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division; AFRL/RXQL; NSWC IHD [LLNLPROC-641023, (760210)] FX This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five- lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi- program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort. The work performed by AFRL/RXQL and NSWC IHD is under sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. LLNLPROC-641023 (760210). NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 052037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052037 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900071 ER PT S AU Sood, P Dwivedi, S Brennan, J Thadhani, N Horie, Y AF Sood, P. Dwivedi, S. Brennan, J. Thadhani, N. Horie, Y. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI DPDE-based mesoscale simulations of shock response of HE composites SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB The dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation (DPDE) method is extended to simulate the shock response of high energetic (HE) materials at micron length scales. The symmetrical impact of an RDX impactor and target plates with 1 m diameter spheres is simulated at planar impact velocities of 208 m/s and 876 m/s with a Lennard-Jones-like potential, dissipative, and random forces, and artificial viscosity force between particles. The in situ shock quantities were obtained using Hardy's averaging. In situ longitudinal stresses from simulations were 0.84 and 3.82 GPa. Values from the literature are 0.81 and 2.92 GPa at the two impact velocities, respectively. The uniaxial strain condition was predicted with equal lateral stresses and negligible shear stresses. The higher stress value at 876 m/s may be due to lack of inelasticity in the interparticle potential. The temperature increases of 5.5 K-0 and 93.7 K-0, respectively, were predicted assuming dissipation of a fraction of the potential energy. It is concluded that the DPDE method holds promise for a unified computational framework for multi-scale simulations of HE. C1 [Sood, P.; Dwivedi, S.; Thadhani, N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci Eng, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brennan, J.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Horie, Y.] US Air Force, Res Lab Retd, Eglin AFB, FL 32547 USA. RP Dwivedi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci Eng, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sdwivedi6@mail.gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( DTRA) [HDTRA1- 01- 12- 0004] FX This work is supported by a Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( DTRA) grant HDTRA1- 01- 12- 0004. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900238 ER PT S AU Welle, EJ Molek, CD Wixom, RR Samuels, P AF Welle, E. J. Molek, C. D. Wixom, R. R. Samuels, P. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Microstructural effects on the ignition behavior of HMX SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID EXPLOSIVES AB The detonation physics community has embraced the idea that initiation of high explosives proceeds from an ignition event through subsequent growth to steady detonation. A weakness of all the commonly used ignition and growth models is that microstructural characteristics are not explicitly incorporated in their ignition and terms. This is the case in spite of a demonstrated, but not well-understood, empirical link between morphology and initiation of energetic materials. Morphological effects have been parametrically studied in many ways, with the majority of efforts focused on establishing a tie between bulk powder metrics and ignition of the pressed beds. More recently, there has been a shift toward characterizing the microstructure of pressed beds in order to understand the underlying mechanisms governing behavior. We have assessed the utility of using a modified James' model as a tool to quantify effects of bed microstructure on ignition behavior. Using this construct, we have studied the ignition behavior of two types of HMX materials in an attempt to quantify effects of microstructure (i.e. mesoscale features) on continuum level ignition behavior. Microstructures of the two HMX materials were characterized using ion bombardment cross sectioning techniques that expose the microstructure of pellets studied in the ignition experiments. C1 [Welle, E. J.; Molek, C. D.] US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Wixom, R. R.] Sandia Natl Lab Explos Technol Grp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Samuels, P.] Army Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Welle, EJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM eric.welle@eglin.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Joint Munitions Program for the funding provided. We also thank Michael Meadows and Lt. Christopher Thorn for the expert experimental hardware design and test support. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 052049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052049 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900083 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM Roddy, P AF Retterer, J. M. Roddy, P. TI Faith in a seed: on the origins of equatorial plasma bubbles SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; modeling and forecasting ID F-LIKE IRREGULARITIES; SPREAD-F; IONOSPHERE; SCINTILLATIONS; INSTABILITY; JICAMARCA; DAYTIME; WINDS AB Our faith in the seeds of equatorial plasma irregularities holds that there will generally always be density perturbations sufficient to provide the seeds for irregularity development whenever the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is active. When the duration of the time of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is short, however, the magnitude of the seed perturbations can make a difference in whether the irregularities have a chance to grow to a strength at which the nonlinear development of plumes occurs. In addition, the character of the resulting irregularities reflects the characteristics of the initial seed density perturbation, e. g., their strength, spacing, and, to some extent, their spatial scales, and it is important to know the seeds to help determine the structure of the developed irregularities. To this end, we describe the climatology of daytime and early-evening density irregularities that can serve as seeds for later development of plumes, as determined from the Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) plasma density measurements on the C/NOFS (Communication and Navigation Outage Forecast System) satellite mission, presenting their magnitude as a function of altitude, latitude, longitude, local time, season, and phase in the solar cycle (within the C/NOFS observation era). To examine some of the consequences of these density perturbations, they are used as initial conditions for the PBMOD (Retterer, 2010a) 3-D irregularity model to follow their potential development into larger-amplitude irregularities, plumes, and radio scintillation. C1 [Retterer, J. M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Roddy, P.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM john.retterer@bc.edu FU AFRL; NASA FX We thank the C/NOFS instrument teams for making their data available for this study. Support for this work was provided by AFRL and NASA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 5 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-485-2014 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8IQ UT WOS:000337947100002 ER PT J AU Chterev, I Foley, CW Foti, D Kostka, S Caswell, AW Jiang, N Lynch, A Noble, DR Menon, S Seitzman, JM Lieuwen, TC AF Chterev, I. Foley, C. W. Foti, D. Kostka, S. Caswell, A. W. Jiang, N. Lynch, A. Noble, D. R. Menon, S. Seitzman, J. M. Lieuwen, T. C. TI FLAME AND FLOW TOPOLOGIES IN AN ANNULAR SWIRLING FLOW SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamically spiked centerbody; Annular swirl combustor; Bluff centerbody; OH-PLIF; PIV ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VORTEX BREAKDOWN; STABILIZED COMBUSTOR; PREMIXED COMBUSTION; INITIAL REGION; JETS; LES; DYNAMICS; LAYERS; POINT AB This article describes an investigation of flame shapes and flow configurations in a premixed, swirl-stabilized dump combustor. High swirl, annular nozzle flows of this nature enable a variety of different flame configurations and heat release distributions with their associated flow fields. These differences are significant, since each of these configurations, in turn, has different thermoacoustic sensitivities and influences on combustor emissions, nozzle lifetime, and liner heating. These different configurations arise because multiple flame stabilization locations are present, associated with the inner and outer shear layers of the annulus, and the stagnation point of the vortex breakdown region. We present results from highspeed luminosity imaging, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and OH-planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) to illustrate time-averaged and instantaneous flame shapes and flow fields associated with the different configuration "families." Selected cases are compared with large eddy simulations (LES). Particular emphasis is given to the distinctly different flame and flow topologies that exist in these flows, and their sensitivity to geometric (such as centerbody size and shape, combustor diameter, exhaust contraction) and operational (e.g., bulkhead temperature, preheat temperature, fuel/air ratio) parameters. We particularly emphasize the importance of the centerbody shape, and its associated impact on the structure of the central recirculating flow, as differentiating between two different families of flame shapes. C1 [Chterev, I.; Foley, C. W.; Foti, D.; Noble, D. R.; Menon, S.; Seitzman, J. M.; Lieuwen, T. C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ben T Zinn Combust Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kostka, S.; Caswell, A. W.; Jiang, N.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH USA. [Lynch, A.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chterev, I (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Ben T Zinn Combust Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ianko@gatech.edu FU United Technologies Corporation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of United Technologies Corporation for this research. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 186 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1074 DI 10.1080/00102202.2014.882916 PG 34 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AJ7YI UT WOS:000337917400004 ER PT J AU Yentsch, RJ Gaitonde, DV Kimmel, R AF Yentsch, Robert J. Gaitonde, Datta V. Kimmel, Roger TI Performance of Turbulence Modeling in Simulation of the HIFiRE-1 Flight Test SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-13, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; GROUND TEST; SHOCK-WAVE; TRANSITION; FLOW AB Pressure and heat transfer data from the HIFiRE-1 flight test are employed to evaluate the performance of a k-omega. turbulence model at different Mach and Reynolds numbers along the flight path. A sequence of three-dimensional structured meshes is employed to discretize the domain consisting of a cone (transition experiment) and a flare (shock-boundary layer interaction experiment) with channel cutouts (mass capture experiment). Variations in model parameters are also explored and the effects are discussed. The overall flow structure agrees with expectations and observations from earlier ground tests, including laminar-to-turbulent transition on the cone, strong shock-boundary layer interactions at the compression corner, and a complex flow in the channel. Trends in predicted surface pressure generally compare well to the flight test data, although the point of separation at the flare is upstream of observation by about 2% of body length, or 20% of separation length in all cases. Heat transfer agreement is good except at an instance in the flight path where the heat transfer magnitude was extremely low and the experimental data exhibit scatter. At this flight condition, pressure predictions, however, are reasonable. Overall, the simulations reproduce the primary quantities of interest if care is exercised in analyzing data. C1 [Yentsch, Robert J.; Gaitonde, Datta V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kimmel, Roger] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yentsch, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.2514/1.A32535 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AJ6JY UT WOS:000337800900014 ER PT J AU Gosse, R Kimmel, R Johnson, HB AF Gosse, Ryan Kimmel, Roger Johnson, Heath B. TI Study of Boundary-Layer Transition on Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation 5 SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The boundary-layer transition on the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation 5 flight vehicle was studied using a two-dimensional parabolized stability equation analysis. Four trajectory points were selected to cover the range of the flight in which the transition is expected to occur on the vehicle. To solve the parabolized stability equation, a mean flow solution was generated using a finite-volume Navier-Stokes solver. The stability analysis was then conducted on the leading-edge and centerline symmetry planes of the vehicle. It was found that the leading-edge planes are expected to follow second-mode instability growth. The centerline cases experienced a much more complicated growth that was mainly driven by a second mode but also showed higher growth modes. In particular, for the lowest-altitude case, the higher modes seemingly contributed to the maximum N-factor growth. This was caused by the complex boundary-layer profile that was induced by a pair of vortices along the centerline of the vehicle. C1 [Gosse, Ryan] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kimmel, Roger] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Heath B.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gosse, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR [10RB02COR] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR 10RB02COR. We would like to acknowledge Chris Alba and Joel Gronvall in helping with the STABL calculations. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.2514/1.A32371 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AJ6JY UT WOS:000337800900017 ER PT J AU Callaway, DW Reeder, MF Greendyke, RB Gosse, RC AF Callaway, D. W. Reeder, M. F. Greendyke, R. B. Gosse, R. C. TI Ablation Measurements and Analysis of Solid Carbon Dioxide Models at Mach 3 SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 04-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, Vinnova, Maritime Competence Ctr Lighthouse, Swedish Armed Forces, Swedish Def Mat Agcy, NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Dryden Flight Res Ctr ID GRAPHITE ABLATION; HYPERSONIC FLOWS; ABLATORS AB Three-dimensional ablation measurements, acquired using solid carbon dioxide for the model material and carried out at Mach 3, are compared to predictions of a computational model that incorporates fluid dynamics and solid-body response. Models were formed in situ by mounting three-dimensional printed molds on a hollow sting, through which liquid carbon dioxide flowed. The blowdown wind tunnel, operating with a vacuum tank connected to its outlet, provided stagnation pressures through a wide range (6.0 to 45 psia) while maintaining a nearly constant stagnation temperature for all tests (similar to 295 K). Three synchronized high-speed cameras captured the model recession from different angles while multiple low-power lasers projected structured arrays of dots onto the otherwise visually uniform model. Commercially available software was applied to quantify the recession data. As expected, recession rates were largest at the nose of each model and increased with stagnation pressure. A quantitative comparison of the recession rate at the stagnation point showed very good agreement between the experiment and the computational model. C1 Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Callaway, D. W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reeder, M. F.; Greendyke, R. B.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gosse, R. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Callaway, DW (reprint author), Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM mark.reeder@afit.edu; robert.greendyke@afit.edu; ryan.gosse@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.2514/1.A32485 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AJ6JY UT WOS:000337800900022 ER PT S AU Cleary, JW Esfahani, NN Vangala, S Guo, JP Hendrickson, JR Leedy, KD Look, DC AF Cleary, Justin W. Esfahani, Nima Nader Vangala, Shiva Guo, Junpeng Hendrickson, Joshua R. Leedy, Kevin D. Look, David C. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Mid-infrared extraordinary transmission through Ga-doped ZnO films with 2D hole arrays SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices V held at SPIE Photonics West CY FEB 02-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE plasmonics; infrared; EOT; doped zinc oxides ID PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSORS; SURFACE-PLASMON; SILICON; PHOTONICS; SILICIDES AB Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), through highly conductive ZnO films with sub-wavelength hole arrays is investigated in the long-wavelength infrared regime. EOT is facilitated by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on Ga-Doped ZnO films and can be tuned utilizing the physical parameters such as film thickness, period, hole size, and hole shape, as well as doping of the film. Analytical and finite-difference time-domain calculations are completed for 1 micron thick films with square, circular, and triangular hole arrays demonstrating SPP coupling and EOT. The fundamental plasmonic modes are observed in each of these hole shapes at wavelengths that correspond to strong EOT peaks. Doping tunability for these structures is also observed. Ga-doped ZnO films are grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on silicon with plasma frequencies in the near-infrared. The sub-wavelength 2D hole arrays are fabricated in the Ga-doped ZnO films via standard lithography and etching processes. This highly conductive ZnO EOT structure may prove useful in novel integrated components such as tunable biosensors or surface plasmon coupling mechanisms. C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Esfahani, Nima Nader; Vangala, Shiva; Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Look, David C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Vangala, Shiva] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Vangala, Shiva] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) [12RY10COR]; JRH [12RY05COR]; [FA9550-10-1-0079] FX JWC and NNE would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under contract number 12RY10COR while JRH would like to acknowledge support under LRIR No.12RY05COR. DCL would like acknowledge support also from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. James Hwang) under grant number FA9550-10-1-0079. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9900-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8987 AR UNSP 898704 DI 10.1117/12.2042477 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA7IW UT WOS:000337582100004 ER PT S AU Look, DC Wang, B Leedy, KD Thomson, DB AF Look, D. C. Wang, B. Leedy, K. D. Thomson, D. B. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Electrical properties of ultrathin Ga-doped ZnO films on Si and ZnO SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices V held at SPIE Photonics West CY FEB 02-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ZnO; mobility; thickness dependence; Hall effect AB Ga-doped ZnO films of thicknesses 3 - 500 nm were grown on either Si or ZnO at 200 degrees C by pulsed-laser deposition in 10 mTorr of Ar. Sheet carrier concentration n(s) and mobility mu were measured at room temperature by the Hall effect and were fitted, respectively, to the equations n(s)(d) = n(infinity)(d - delta d) and mu(d) = mu(infinity)/[1 + d*/(d - delta d)], where n is the volume carrier concentration at d = infinity (the bulk value), delta d is the thickness of the dead layer, mu(infinity) is the mobility at d = infinity, and d* is a figure of merit for the electrical properties of the interface. Roughly, d* may be thought of as the minimum layer thickness that will produce good conductance. For GZO/Si, the fitted d* = 23 nm, and for GZO/ZnO, 3 nm. As evidence of the usefulness of d*, a 3-nm layer of GZO/Si showed no measurable conductance (since d << d*), whereas a 5-nm layer of GZO had excellent conductance (since d approximate to d*). In fact, the latter had a resistivity of about 4 x 10(-4) Omega-cm at room temperature, possibly the lowest value ever reported in ZnO at this thickness. C1 [Look, D. C.; Wang, B.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Leedy, K. D.] Aerosp Div, Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, D. C.; Wang, B.; Leedy, K. D.; Thomson, D. B.] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR-080-3276]; DOE [DE-FG02- 07ER46389]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX We wish to thank T. A. Cooper, W. Rice, and D.K. McFarland for technical assistance. Support for DCL was provided by AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (J. Hwang), NSF Grant DMR-080-3276 (C. Ying), DOE Grant DE-FG02- 07ER46389 (R. Kortan), and AFRL Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich). NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9900-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8987 AR UNSP 898702 DI 10.1117/12.2042567 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA7IW UT WOS:000337582100002 ER PT S AU Wang, BG Claflin, B Callahan, M Fang, ZQ Look, D AF Wang, Buguo Claflin, Bruce Callahan, Michael Fang, Z-Q Look, David BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Electrical and optical properties of ZnO bulk crystals with and without lithium grown by the hydrothermal technique SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices V held at SPIE Photonics West CY FEB 02-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Li-doped ZnO; Li/N co-doped ZnO; lithium-free ZnO; hydrothermal growth; electrical properties; photoluminescence ID ZINC-OXIDE AB Lithium is usually added into the solution to improve ZnO hydrothermal growth; however, lithium doping affects the properties of the resulting crystals. Optical and electrical properties of hydrothermal ZnO bulk crystals without lithium, have been studied by photoluminescence and Hall-effect measurements. High quality ZnO crystals without lithium were grown in H2O/D2O and in NH3-H2O solutions. The crystals grown from H2O/D2O are conductive with resistivities of 0.6-0.7 Omega cm and mobilities of similar to 100 cm(2)/Vs, while lithium doped ZnO crystals typically have resistivities of similar to 10(3) Omega-cm and mobilities of similar to 200 cm(2)/Vs, but can be varied from dozens to 1010 Omega-cm depending on lithium concentration. Lithium-free but nitrogen doped crystals grown in NH3-H2O solution have resistivities of 1x100 Omega-cm and sometimes show p-type conduction; the resistivity increases to similar to 1x108 Omega-cm after annealing at 600 degrees C in air. Lithium and nitrogen co-doped ZnO crystals have resistivities of 10(8)-10(12) Omega-cm and are semi-insulating after annealling. Electronic irradiation also increases the ZnO resistivity. For lithium-doped samples, a 3.357 eV peak can be seen in the photoluminescence spectra. This is close to the donor-exciton peaks in indium-doped ZnO where 3.3586 eV and 3.357 eV were found on the C+ and C(-)faces, respectively. More studies are needed to identify lithium-related complexes (defects). C1 [Wang, Buguo; Fang, Z-Q; Look, David] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wang, Buguo; Claflin, Bruce; Look, David] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Callahan, Michael] Greentech Solutions Inc, Hanson, MA 02341 USA. [Look, David] Wyle Labs Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM buguo.wang@wright.edu FU ir Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF FX The work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (J. Hwang). DCL was also funded by NSF (C. Ying) and DOE (R. Kortan). We thank L. O. Bouthillette and T. A. Cooper for carrying out photoluminescence and Hall- effect measurements, respectively. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9900-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8987 AR UNSP 89871D DI 10.1117/12.2042344 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA7IW UT WOS:000337582100033 ER PT S AU Asmolova, O Andersen, G Dearborn, ME McHarg, MG Quiller, T Dickinson, TW AF Asmolova, Olha Andersen, Geoff Dearborn, Michael E. McHarg, Matthew G. Quiller, Trey Dickinson, Thomas W. BE Bjelkhagen, HI Bove, VM TI Optical testing of a membrane diffractive optic for space-based solar SO PRACTICAL HOLOGRAPHY XXVIII: MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th SPIE Conference on Practical Holography - Materials and Applications CY FEB 03-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Diffractive optics; space telescopes; lightweight optics ID PHOTON SIEVE AB We describe imaging capabilities of a 0.2 m membrane diffractive primary (DOE) used as a key element in FalconSat-7, a space-based solar telescope. Its mission is to take an image of the Sun at the H-alpha wavelength (656nm) over a narrow bandwidth while in orbit. In this case the DOE is a photon sieve which consists of billions of tiny holes, with the focusing ability dependent on an underlying Fresnel zone geometry. Uniform radial expansion/contraction of the substrate due to temperature or relative humidity change will result in a shift in focal length without introducing errors in phase of the transmitted wavefront and without a decrease in efficiency. We will also show that while ideally the DOE surface should be held flat to within 5.25 microns, an opto-mechanical analysis showed that local deformations up to 32 microns are possible without significantly degrading the image quality. C1 [Asmolova, Olha; Andersen, Geoff; Dearborn, Michael E.; McHarg, Matthew G.; Quiller, Trey; Dickinson, Thomas W.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Asmolova, O (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 1B28, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9919-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9006 AR 90060D DI 10.1117/12.2037035 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BA7QA UT WOS:000337702200008 ER PT J AU Rose, MR Barron, LG Carretta, TR Arnold, RD Howse, WR AF Rose, Mark R. Barron, Laura G. Carretta, Thomas R. Arnold, Richard D. Howse, William R. TI Early Identification of Unmanned Aircraft Pilots Using Measures of Personality and Aptitude SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATENT INHIBITION; ADVERSE IMPACT; PERFORMANCE; OPENNESS; METAANALYSIS; LEADERSHIP; SKILL AB This study evaluated the extent to which personality measures (Self-Description Inventory+) could improve prediction of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) training outcomes, beyond currently used cognitive, psychomotor, and aviation knowledge and experience predictors included in the U. S. Air Force (USAF) Pilot Candidate Selection Method 2.0. Participants were 170 USAF officers with RPA Initial Flight Screening (RFS) outcomes and 110 USAF officers with RPA Instrument Qualification (RIQ) outcomes. Both RFS and RIQ emphasize development of skills traditionally required for manned aircraft pilots, also considered essential for USAF RPA pilots. Results showed significant negative relationships between the Big Five personality trait of Openness and several RPA training outcomes, and significant incremental variance explained by Openness beyond other predictors. Additionally, RFS and RIQ training outcomes were generally predicted by measures traditionally used for selection into manned aircraft pilot training courses and careers. Together, these findings suggest that personality, specifically Openness scores, and scores on traditional pilot selection measures, can serve as useful indicators in the early identification of RPA pilot talent. C1 [Rose, Mark R.; Barron, Laura G.] Air Force Personnel Ctr, Randolph AFB, TX USA. [Carretta, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Arnold, Richard D.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Howse, William R.] Damos Aviat Serv, Gurnee, IL USA. RP Rose, MR (reprint author), HQ Air Force Personnel Ctr, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM Mark.Rose.7@US.AF.Mil NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 36 EP 52 DI 10.1080/10508414.2014.860849 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA AI9FL UT WOS:000337236500005 ER PT J AU Golubev, VV Nguyen, L Mankbadi, RR Roger, M Visbal, MR AF Golubev, Vladimir V. Lap Nguyen Mankbadi, Reda R. Roger, Michel Visbal, Miguel R. TI On flow-acoustic resonant interactions in transitional airfoils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID LAYER INSTABILITY NOISE; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AEROFOIL; SCHEMES; TONES AB We discuss our recent experimental and preliminary numerical efforts examining resonant feedback mechanism of flow-acoustic interactions in airfoil transitional boundary layers. Experimentally recorded unsteady responses of loaded, transitional NACA0012 airfoil with tripped suction or pressure sides confirm the presence of shifted ladder-type tonal structures with dual velocity dependence in the acoustic signal previously reported in the literature. The installation of upstream grid generating low-intensity turbulence appears to eliminate the feedback mechanism leaving just a single velocity dependence for the dominant spectral components. Complementary numerical efforts employ a high-order Navier-Stokes solver implementing low-pass filtering of poorly resolved high-frequency solution content to retain numerical accuracy and stability over the range of transitional flow regimes. Within the scope of 2D analysis, the conducted numerical experiments particularly investigate the behavior of the boundary-layer statistical moments during the transitional flow regimes characterized by the presence of the acoustic feedback, and address sensitivity of the latter to the flow Reynolds number. C1 [Golubev, Vladimir V.; Lap Nguyen; Mankbadi, Reda R.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Computat Aero Prop Grp, Florida Ctr Adv Aero Prop, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Roger, Michel] Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Mecan Fludes & Acoust, F-69134 Ecully, France. [Visbal, Miguel R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Golubev, VV (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Computat Aero Prop Grp, Florida Ctr Adv Aero Prop, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM Vladimir.Golubev@erau.edu; nguye276@erau.edu; mankbadr@erau.edu; MichelRoger@ec-lyon.fr; miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0126]; Florida Center for Advanced Aero Propulsion; Centrale Innovation FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this work through Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Award Number FA9550-12-1-0126, Program Manager Dr. D. Smith), and Florida Center for Advanced Aero Propulsion. The authors are also grateful to M. Jacob (ECL) for help in postprocessing results, to E. Jondeau (ECL) for his participation in the experiments, and to Centrale Innovation for partial support of the project. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 38 PG 38 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AI8UL UT WOS:000337202400002 ER PT J AU Cook, EA Cook, JJ Labre, MP Givens, H DiResta, JJ AF Cook, Emily A. Cook, Jeremy J. Labre, Magdala Peixoto Givens, Howard DiResta, James J. TI The Amputation Prevention Initiative SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOWER-EXTREMITY AMPUTATION; COMPREHENSIVE FOOT EXAMINATION; AMERICAN-DIABETES-ASSOCIATION; NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; CARE INTEREST GROUP; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TASK-FORCE; FOLLOW-UP; CLINICAL-ENDOCRINOLOGISTS; INTERNATIONAL-CONSENSUS AB Background: The Amputation Prevention Initiative is a project conducted jointly by the Massachusetts Public Health Association and the Massachusetts Podiatric Medical Society that seeks to study methods to reduce nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations from diabetes. Methods: To determine the rate of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in Massachusetts and identify the groups most at risk, hospital billing and discharge data were analyzed. To examine the components of the diabetic foot examination routinely performed by general practitioners, surveys were conducted in conjunction with physician meetings in Massachusetts (n = 149) and in six other states (n = 490). Results: The average age-adjusted number of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in 2004 was 30.8 per 100,000 and 5.3 per 1,000 diabetic patients in MA, with high-risk groups being identified as men and black individuals. Among the general practitioners surveyed in Massachusetts, only 2.01% reported routinely conducting all four key components of the diabetic foot examination, with 28.86% reporting not performing any components. Conclusions: These findings suggest that many general practitioners may be failing to perform the major components of the diabetic foot examination believed to prevent foot ulcers and lower-extremity amputations. C1 [Cook, Emily A.; Cook, Jeremy J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Podiatr Surg, Mt Auburn Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Labre, Magdala Peixoto] Educ Serv Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Givens, Howard] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [DiResta, James J.] Anna Jacques Hosp, Surg Serv, Newburyport, MA USA. RP Cook, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Podiatr Surg, Mt Auburn Hosp, 330 Mt Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ecook@mah.harvard.edu NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSOC PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 8750-7315 EI 1930-8264 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 104 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA AI4PU UT WOS:000336848100001 PM 24504570 ER PT B AU Carbone, CS Parks, KM McDonald, DP AF Carbone, Christina Stevens Parks, Kizzy M. McDonald, Daniel P. BE Thomas, KM Plaut, VC Tran, NM TI Diversity Ideologies in the US Military SO DIVERSITY IDEOLOGIES IN ORGANIZATIONS SE Series in Applied Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAW C1 [Carbone, Christina Stevens] Univ Calif Berkeley, Jurisprudence & Social Policy Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parks, Kizzy M.] K Parks Consulting Inc KPC, Melbourne, FL USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] DEOMI, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] US Army Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Carbone, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Jurisprudence & Social Policy Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84872-966-7; 978-1-315-85218-8; 978-1-84872-965-0 J9 SER APPL PSYCHOL PY 2014 BP 177 EP 204 PG 28 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA BA2HW UT WOS:000333423200010 ER PT S AU Barua, A Kim, S Horie, Y Zhou, M AF Barua, Ananda Kim, Seokpum Horie, Yuki Zhou, Min BE Itoh, S Matsue, J Hokamoto, K TI Computational Analysis of Ignition in Heterogeneous Energetic Materials SO EXPLOSION, SHOCK WAVE AND HIGH-ENERGY REACTION PHENOMENA II SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Explosion, Shock Wave and High-Energy Reaction Phenomena CY MAR 27-29, 2013 CL Okinawa Natl Coll Technol, Nago, JAPAN HO Okinawa Natl Coll Technol DE PBX; energetic materials; ignition; dynamic response; modeling ID SOLID EXPLOSIVES; SHOCK INITIATION; HOT-SPOTS; HMX; DETONATION; IMPACT AB This paper focuses on the ignition of polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) under conditions of non-shock loading. The analysis uses a recently developed ignition criterion [1] which is based on the quantification of the distributions of the sizes and temperatures of hotspots in loading events. This quantification is achieved by using a cohesive finite element method (CFEM) developed recently and the characterization by Tarver et al. [2] of the critical size-temperature threshold of hotspots required for chemical ignition of solid explosives. Calculations are performed on PBXs having monomodal grain size distributions with grain volume fractions varying between 0.72 and 0.90. The impact velocities considered vary between 100 and 200 ms(-1). Results show that the average distance between the hotspots is dependent on the grain volume fraction. As the grain volume fraction increases, the time to criticality (t(c)) decreases, signifying increases in the ignition sensitivity of PBX to impact loading. The microstructure-performance relations obtained can be used to design PBXs with tailored performance characteristics and safety envelopes. C1 [Barua, Ananda; Kim, Seokpum; Zhou, Min] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Horie, Yuki] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Barua, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM abarua@gatech.edu; seokpumkim@gatech.edu; yasuyuki.horie@eglin.af.mil; min.zhou@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (scientific officer: Dr. Suhithi Peiris). Calculations are carried out on parallel computers at the DPRL cluster at Georgia Tech. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 767 BP 13 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.767.13 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BA5DN UT WOS:000336555800002 ER PT J AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. TI Wavelet-Based Waveform for Effective Sidelobe Suppression in Radar Signal SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMPACTLY SUPPORTED WAVELETS; ORTHONORMAL BASES; APODIZATION; DESIGN; SEQUENCES; CODES; PULSE; SAR AB A new radar waveform based on wavelets is proposed. The waveform shows significant advantages over conventional linear frequency modulated (LFM) and Costas waveforms for effective sidelobe suppression. Another benefit comes from the wavelet packets, each of which occupies a subband in the frequency domain. Subband adaptation of the waveform in both magnitude and phase becomes flexible, responding to varying target and environmental conditions. The latter facilitates the development of powerful cognitive radars. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp, Dreese Labs 205, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate AFRL RYRT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp, Dreese Labs 205, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zheng@ece.osu.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120067 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700020 ER PT J AU Kang, B Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Rank-Constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Structured Covariance Matrices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER; A-PRIORI KNOWLEDGE; AIRBORNE RADAR; ARRAYS; SIGNAL; ENVIRONMENTS; CLUTTER AB This paper develops and analyzes the performance of a structured covariance matrix estimate for the important practical problem of radar space-time adaptive processing in the face of severely limited training data. Traditional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators are effective when training data are abundant, but they lead to poor estimates, degraded false alarm rates, and detection loss in the realistic regime of limited training. The problem is exacerbated by recent advances, which have led to high-dimensional N of the observations arising from increased antenna elements J, as well as higher temporal resolution (P time epochs and finally N = JP). This work addresses the problem by incorporating constraints in the ML estimation problem obtained from the geometry and physics of the airborne phased array radar scenario. In particular, we exploit the structure of the disturbance covariance and, importantly, knowledge of the clutter rank to derive a new rank-constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimator of clutter and disturbance covariance. We demonstrate that despite the presence of the challenging rank constraint, the estimation can be transformed to a convex problem and derive closed-form expressions for the estimated covariance matrix. Performance analysis using the knowledge-aided sensor signal processing and expert reasoning data set (where ground truth covariance is made available) shows that the proposed estimator outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives in the sense of a higher normalized signal-to-interference and noise ratio. Crucially, the RCML estimator excels for low training, including the notoriously difficult regime of K = N training samples. C1 [Kang, Bosung] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Informat Proc & Algorithms Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Coll Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kang, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 104 EE East, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0333]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311IN] FX Research was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0333.; M. Rangaswamy was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project 2311IN. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 501 EP 515 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120389 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700036 ER PT J AU Woodburn, D Wu, T Zhou, L Hu, Y Lin, YR Chow, L Leland, Q AF Woodburn, David Wu, Thomas Zhou, Lei Hu, Yang Lin, Yeong-Ren Chow, Louis Leland, Quinn TI High-Performance Electromechanical Actuator Dynamic Heat Generation Modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT; MOTORS; SIMULATION AB All-electric aircraft is a high-priority goal in the avionics community. Both increased reliability and efficiency are the promised implications of this move. But, thermal management has become a significant problem that must be resolved before reaching this goal. Electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are of special concern. Advanced analysis technologies such as the finite element method (FEM) and intelligent control systems such as field-oriented control (FOC) are being used to better understand the source of the heat and to eliminate as much of it as possible. This paper describes the nonlinear, lumped-element, integrated modeling of a permanent magnet (PM) motor used in an EMA. The parameters, including nonlinear inductance, rotor flux linkage, and thermal resistances and capacitances, are tuned using FEM models of a real, commercial actuator. The FOC scheme and the lumped-element thermal model are also described. C1 [Woodburn, David] Univ Cent Florida, CAEM, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wu, Thomas; Zhou, Lei; Hu, Yang; Lin, Yeong-Ren; Chow, Louis] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Leland, Quinn] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Woodburn, D (reprint author), Gen Elect, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM david.woodburn@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-2-2940] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Agreement FA8650-09-2-2940. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 530 EP 541 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120338 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700038 ER PT J AU Wang, R Black, RJ Moslehi, B Behbahani, AR Mukherjee, B AF Wang, Rui Black, Richard J. Moslehi, Behzad Behbahani, Alireza R. Mukherjee, Biswananth TI Optical Control Network for Avionics Applications Using a WDM Packet Ring SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB We propose aviation real-time adaptive ring (AVATAR) as a potential solution for the integrated communication infrastructure for future aero-engine control systems. AVATAR features an Ethernet-over-WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) architecture. It employs reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) as node technology. Compared with existing serialized data bus, e. g., time-triggered protocol (TTP), AVATAR exploits multi-wavelength and spatial reuse properties of an optical WDM ring through sophisticated packet scheduling. To quantitatively evaluate the advantages over existing avionic networks, and to understand the architectural parameters of AVATAR, optimal scheduling methods using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), as well as a simple, near-optimal heuristic, are presented. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of AVATAR, with a simple two-channel configuration more than doubling the capacity of TTP. C1 [Wang, Rui] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Black, Richard J.; Moslehi, Behzad] Intelligent Fiber Opt Syst Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza R.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Adv Integrated Controls & Prognost Diagnost Syst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mukherjee, Biswananth] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rjb@ifos.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.110758 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700045 ER PT J AU Bisek, NJ Poggie, J Nishihara, M Adamovich, I AF Bisek, Nicholas J. Poggie, Jonathan Nishihara, Munetake Adamovich, Igor TI Hypersonic Flow over a Cylinder with a Nanosecond Pulse Electrical Discharge SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID PLASMA ACTUATORS; BLUNT-BODY; SEPARATION; REDUCTION; DRAG AB A computational study of Mach 5 airflow over a cylinder with a dielectric barrier discharge actuator was performed. The actuator was pulsed at nanosecond time scales and it rapidly added thermal energy to the flow, creating a shock wave that traveled away from the pulse source. As the shock wave traveled upstream, it interacted with the standing bow shock, and temporarily increased the bow shock standoff distance. This phenomenon was also observed experimentally through phase-locked schlieren photography. This paper aims to reproduce flow phenomena observed in the experiment using high-fidelity computations in order to provide additional insight into the shock-shock interaction, and subsequent effect on the cylinder, through a reduced-order phenomenological model of the actuator. A three-dimensional simulation of the experiment was able to accurately capture the complex cylinder/tunnel-sidewall interaction, and to replicate the changes in the flow produced by the nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge. The results show that the device was very effective at moving the standing bow shock for a minimal energy budget. C1 [Bisek, Nicholas J.; Poggie, Jonathan] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nishihara, Munetake; Adamovich, Igor] Ohio State Univ, Nonequilibrium Thermodynam Labs, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bisek, NJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Adamovich, Igor/E-6172-2014 OI Adamovich, Igor/0000-0001-6311-3940 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 12RB09COR]; Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate RB FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center for the computation resources needed to conduct this study. The authors would like to thank I. Boyd for allowing the use of his CFD code, LeMANS. This project was sponsored, in part, by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number LRIR 12RB09COR (monitored by F. Fahroo, AFOSR/RTA). Work conducted at Ohio State University was funded in part by the Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate RB. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.2514/1.T4014 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AH6GV UT WOS:000336229600002 ER PT S AU Husaini, S Bedford, RG AF Husaini, Saima Bedford, Robert G. BE Moloney, JV TI Graphene-based saturable absorber in semiconductor lasers SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) IV CY FEB 02-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc ID ABSORPTION; DESIGN; FILMS AB Due to its unique zero-bandgap structure, linear disperion of electrons and compatibility with various optoelectronic platforms, graphene has become one of the principal materials of interest with strong development for many nonlinear optical devices. Functionalized graphene-composites exhibit excellent optical limiting properties while single layer graphene specifically, has shown great promise as a saturable absorber in mode locking fiber and solid state lasers from the visible to infrared regime. However, more recently work has been done to integrate graphene in a vertical-external-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers (VECSELs). Currently VECSELs employ semiconductor-based saturable absorbers which have a narrow tuning range and require complex fabrication procedures. By developing a graphene-based saturable absorber, one can take advantage of its zero bandgap structure and therefore its frequency-independent absorption as well as its thermal and mechanical stability to passively modelocking lasers over a wide frequency range potentially through the terahertz regime. Here we report on recent developments in graphene mode-locking of VECSELs, specifically for high power operation. Further, work done in studying the nonlinear optical properties of graphene pertaining to the development of saturable absorbers as well as optical limiters will be presented. Finally preliminary fabrication and characterization work conducted to integrate the graphene-based materials in a VECSEL will be presented. C1 [Husaini, Saima; Bedford, Robert G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bedford, RG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9879-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8966 AR 896608 DI 10.1117/12.2039714 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4NU UT WOS:000336041100005 ER PT S AU Lu, CTA Roach, WP Balakrishnan, G Albrecht, AR Moloney, JV Glebov, LB AF Lu, Chunte A. Roach, William P. Balakrishnan, Genesh Albrecht, Alexander R. Moloney, Jerome V. Glebov, Leonid B. BE Moloney, JV TI Beam Combination of Multiple Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers via Volume Bragg Gratings SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) IV CY FEB 02-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE Power scaling; beam combining; holographic gratings; semiconductor laser; VECSELs AB We present an experimental study on beam combining techniques with multiple vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) using volume Bragg gratings (VBGs). The specially designed holographic gratings introduce frequency specific feedback for the near infrared wavelength VECSELs to achieve both spectral linewidth narrowing and beam combination effects. For coherent addition, we obtained >3W output power with 8% slope efficiency in a coherent power scaling cavity scheme. In the multiplexed VBGs (MVBGs) wavelength beam combining compound cavity scheme, we measured >6W combined output with nearly 100% combining efficiency. Both beam combining/power scaling schemes produced spectrally narrowed and near diffraction limited outputs. C1 [Lu, Chunte A.; Roach, William P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Balakrishnan, Genesh; Albrecht, Alexander R.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Moloney, Jerome V.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glebov, Leonid B.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Glebov, Leonid B.] CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Lu, CTA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9879-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8966 AR UNSP 89660Y DI 10.1117/12.2039666 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4NU UT WOS:000336041100027 ER PT S AU Anderson, B Robin, C Flores, A Dajani, I AF Anderson, Brian Robin, Craig Flores, Angel Dajani, Iyad BE Ramachandran, S TI Experimental study of SBS suppression via white noise phase modulation SO FIBER LASERS XI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx, Inc ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS AB Power scaling of single-frequency high power optical fiber lasers is limited due to the stimulated-Brillouin scattering (SBS). Towards that end, line broadening through white noise phase modulation can be used to suppress SBS. Theoretical models predict the SBS threshold enhancement factor as a function of linewidth and fiber length, but have yet to be experimentally verified. A radio frequency (RF) white noise source (WNS), in conjunction with RF low pass filters, is used to randomly modulate an optical signal through an electro-optic modulator (EOM). The optical signal is broadened, with optical bandwidth controlled through RF filtering. Subsequently, this modulated signal is used in a cutback experiment with a passive fiber. Studies describing SBS enhancement factors as a function of linewidth and fiber length are investigated. Results indicate a reduction in the SBS threshold enhancement factor at shorter fiber lengths, which is in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions. Finally, we compare these results with cutback experiments conducted using phase modulation through pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS). C1 [Anderson, Brian] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Robin, Craig; Flores, Angel; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM bmanders@knights.ucf.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR) FX This work was funded in part by Dr. Arje Nachman of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR). NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9874-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8961 AR UNSP 89611W DI 10.1117/12.2043107 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4KL UT WOS:000335903300048 ER PT S AU Robin, C Dajani, I Pulford, B Vergien, C AF Robin, Craig Dajani, Iyad Pulford, Benjamin Vergien, Christopher BE Ramachandran, S TI Single-frequency Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier with 800 W output power SO FIBER LASERS XI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx, Inc DE Stimulated Brillouin scattering; modal instability; Yb-doped fiber lasers ID MODE; INSTABILITIES; LASER AB A novel acoustic and gain tailored Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber is used to demonstrate over 800 W single-frequency output power with excellent beam quality at 1064 nm. The large mode area fiber core is composed of 7 individually doped segments arranged to create three distinct acoustic regions and preferential gain overlap with the fundamental optical mode. This design leads to suppression of both stimulated Brillouin scattering and modal instability. To the best of our knowledge, the output power represents the highest power ever reported from a near diffraction-limited single-frequency fiber laser. Furthermore, we show that by using a broadband seed, 1.22 kW of output power is obtained without the onset of the modal instability. C1 [Robin, Craig; Dajani, Iyad; Pulford, Benjamin; Vergien, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robin, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9874-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8961 AR 896103 DI 10.1117/12.2042873 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4KL UT WOS:000335903300002 ER PT S AU Ward, BG AF Ward, Benjamin G. BE Ramachandran, S TI Numerical analysis of modal instability onset in fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS XI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx, Inc DE Fiber amplifiers; non-linear effects; thermal effects; power scaling; fiber lasers; modal instability; stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering ID THRESHOLDS; ORIGIN AB Numerical analysis of the onset of modal instability in fiber amplifiers is presented. Specifically calculations of the evolution of the intensity fluctuation spectrum along the fiber for a sampling point offset from the core center are presented for different instability onset conditions. These include seeding with LP01 only, seeding with LP01 and LP11 at the same frequency, seeding with LP01 and LP11 at offset frequencies, and seeding taking quantum shot noise into account. The position dependent spectra are shown to be very similar for each of these cases suggesting a common instability mechanism. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9874-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8961 AR 89611U DI 10.1117/12.2038648 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4KL UT WOS:000335903300046 ER PT J AU Pocock, GM Oliver, JW Specht, CS Estep, JS Noojin, GD Schuster, K Rockwell, BA AF Pocock, Ginger M. Oliver, Jeffrey W. Specht, Charles S. Estep, J. Scot Noojin, Gary D. Schuster, Kurt Rockwell, Benjamin A. TI High-Resolution In Vivo Imaging of Regimes of Laser Damage to the Primate Retina SO JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACULAR PIGMENT; MULLER CELLS; THRESHOLDS; RADIATION; PULSES; PHOTOCOAGULATION; WAVELENGTH; MECHANISMS; LESIONS; MONKEY AB Purpose. To investigate fundamental mechanisms of regimes of laser induced damage to the retina and the morphological changes associated with the damage response. Methods. Varying grades of photothermal, photochemical, and photomechanical retinal laser damage were produced in eyes of eight cynomolgus monkeys. An adaptive optics confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain optical coherence tomographer were combined to simultaneously collect complementary in vivo images of retinal laser damage during and following exposure. Baseline color fundus photography was performed to complement high-resolution imaging. Monkeys were perfused with 10% buffered formalin and eyes were enucleated for histological analysis. Results. Laser energies for visible retinal damage in this study were consistent with previously reported damage thresholds. Lesions were identified in OCT images that were not visible in direct ophthalmoscopic examination or fundus photos. Unique diagnostic characteristics, specific to each damage regime, were identified and associated with shape and localization of lesions to specific retinal layers. Previously undocumented retinal healing response to blue continuous wave laser exposure was recorded through a novel experimentalmethodology. Conclusion. This study revealed increased sensitivity of lesion detection and improved specificity to the laser of origin utilizing high-resolution imaging when compared to traditional ophthalmic imaging techniques in the retina. C1 [Pocock, Ginger M.; Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] US Air Force Res Lab, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Pocock, Ginger M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Specht, Charles S.] Penn State Hershey Anat Pathol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Estep, J. Scot] US Army Vet Corps Tri Serv Res Lab, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Schuster, Kurt] TASC Inc, Dept Biomed Sci & Technol, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Pocock, GM (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, 711 HPW RHDO,4141 Petr Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM pocockgm@gmail.com NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2090-004X EI 2090-0058 J9 J OPHTHALMOL JI J. Ophthalmol. PY 2014 AR 516854 DI 10.1155/2014/516854 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Ophthalmology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Ophthalmology GA AH4KS UT WOS:000336096700001 ER PT S AU Kebede, B Coutu, RA Starman, L AF Kebede, Bemnnet Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Starman, LaVern BE Maher, MA Resnick, PJ TI Optimal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device for achieving high pyroelectric response of AlN SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology XIX CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Samsung Adv Inst Technol DE Pyroelectricity; aluminum nitride; AlN; MEMS AB This paper discusses research being conducted on aluminum nitride (AlN) as a pyroelectric material for use in detecting applications. AlN is being investigated because of its high pyroelectric coefficient, thermal stability, and high Curie temperature. In order to determine suitability of the pyroelectric properties of AlN for use as a detector, testing of several devices was conducted. These devices were fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication processes; the devices were also designed to allow for voltage and current measurements. The deposited AlN films used were 150 nm - 300 nm in thickness. Thin-films were used to rapidly increase the temperature response after the thermal stimulus was applied to the pyroelectric material. This is important because the pyroelectric effect is directly proportional to the rate of temperature change. The design used was a face-electrode bridge that provides thermal isolation which minimizes heat loss to the substrate, thereby increasing operation frequency of the pyroelectric device. A thermal stimulus was applied to the pyroelectric material and the response was measured across the electrodes. A thermal imaging camera was used to monitor the changes in temperature. Throughout the testing process, the annealing temperatures, type of layers, and thicknesses were also varied. These changes resulted in improved MEMS designs, which were fabricated to obtain an optimal design configuration for achieving a high pyroelectric response. A pyroelectric voltage response of 38.9 mV(p-p) was measured without filtering, 12.45 mV(p-p) was measured in the infrared (IR) region using a Si filter, and 6.38 mV(p-p) was measured in the short wavelength IR region using a long pass filter. The results showed that AlN's pyroelectric properties can be used in detecting applications. C1 [Kebede, Bemnnet; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Starman, LaVern] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kebede, B (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9886-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8973 AR UNSP 89730I DI 10.1117/12.2037386 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA4PC UT WOS:000336081400013 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Gomez, E Joyce, D Williams, A Kim, S Heckman, E Johnson, L Yaney, P Venkat, N Steckl, A Kajzar, F Rau, I Pawlicka, A Prasad, P Grote, J AF Ouchen, Fahima Gomez, Eliot Joyce, Donna Williams, Adrienne Kim, Steve Heckman, Emily Johnson, Lewis Yaney, Perry Venkat, Narayanan Steckl, Andrew Kajzar, Francois Rau, Ileana Pawlicka, Agnieszka Prasad, Paras Grote, James BE Tabor, CE Kajzar, F Kaino, T Koike, Y TI Latest Advances in Bio Materials: From Deoxyribonucleic Acid to Nucleobases SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices XVI CY FEB 03-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; biopolymer; nucleobases; biotronics; ionic conductivity; dielectric; capacitors; crosslinking; electrical resistivity ID CONSTITUENT; TRANSISTORS AB This paper is a review of the recent research in bio-based materials for photonics and electronics applications. Materials that we have been working with include: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymers and nucleobases. We will highlight work on increasing the ionic conductivity of DNA-based membranes, enhancing the direct (DC) current and photoconductivity of DNA-based biopolymers, crosslinking of DNA-based biopolymers and promising applications for DNA nucleobases. C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Venkat, Narayanan] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima; Joyce, Donna; Williams, Adrienne; Kim, Steve; Heckman, Emily; Yaney, Perry; Venkat, Narayanan; Grote, James] Air Force Res Labs, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. [Gomez, Eliot; Steckl, Andrew] Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Johnson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. [Kim, Steve] UES, Dayton, OH USA. [Yaney, Perry] Univ Dayton, Elect Opt Dept, Dayton, OH USA. [Kajzar, Francois; Rau, Ileana] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania. [Pawlicka, Agnieszka] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Prasad, Paras] SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008; OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502; Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442; Gomez, Eliot/0000-0003-3341-7139 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9896-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8983 AR UNSP 89831A DI 10.1117/12.2041321 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BA4NR UT WOS:000336039800021 ER PT J AU Shukla, RK Liebig, CM Evans, DR Haase, W AF Shukla, R. K. Liebig, C. M. Evans, D. R. Haase, W. TI Electro-optical behaviour and dielectric dynamics of harvested ferroelectric LiNbO3 nanoparticle-doped ferroelectric liquid crystal nanocolloids SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; PHASE AB Nanocolloids comprising harvested ferroelectric LiNbO3 nanoparticles (approximate to 25 nm) and ferroelectric liquid crystals were prepared and investigated. The impact of the amount of dispersed nanoparticles (0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.10 wt%) on the electro-optical, dielectric and material parameters of the ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) has been demonstrated. The dopant strongly influences the switching characteristics and has an effect on the saturation voltage of the FLC materials. Electro-optical measurements demonstrated that a relatively large (0.10 wt%) LiNbO3 dopant concentration decreases the response time and saturation voltage by approximately 40% and 25% respectively, compared with non-doped FLCs. The effect of LiNbO3 nanoparticle concentration on the material and dynamical parameters (i.e. spontaneous polarization, dielectric permittivity, dielectric absorption, dielectric strength, dc conductivity, and rotational viscosity) is presented. The observed behaviours are discussed in terms of capture of impurity ions on the surface of the harvested LiNbO3 nanoparticles. Ion capturing leads to enhancement of the localized electric field inside the smectic layers. The fast switching response and the low operational voltage of these FLC nanocolloids support their application in nanometric scale electronic devices. C1 [Shukla, R. K.; Haase, W.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Liebig, C. M.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liebig, C. M.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Haase, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, Alarich Weiss Str 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM haase@chemie.tu-darmstadt.de FU German Science Foundation [782/98-1] FX W. H. acknowledges financial support from the German Science Foundation (Ha 782/98-1). NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 36 BP 18529 EP 18536 DI 10.1039/c4ra00183d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AG6VO UT WOS:000335556800006 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Serak, S Tabiryan, N Bunning, T AF De Sio, Luciano Serak, Svetlana Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy TI Nanosecond switching of photo-responsive liquid crystal diffraction gratings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ALIGNMENT AB The diffraction efficiency of periodic microstructures composed of photoresponsive liquid crystals and polymer gratings is modulated using visible CW or pulsed radiation. A polymeric template (static grating) enabled by holographic photopatterning was infiltrated by capillary flow with a high performance photosensitive (green) liquid crystal after the initial formation step. The infiltration realizes high quality diffractive structures containing well-aligned photosensitive LC molecules and layers separated by polymer walls in a transmission grating geometry. The optical anisotropy present due to the oriented liquid crystals induces a strong polarization dependence of the grating diffraction efficiency. Exposure of the periodic structure to green CW or pulsed excitation modulates both the spectral and amplitude transmission behavior of the grating structure. In particular, under the influence of single pulse excitation, the diffraction efficiency can be modulated from87% to 17% in 4 ns with a spontaneous back relaxation time three orders of magnitude (microsecond) faster than the one observed for the same material conventionally aligned in standard glass cells. The ability to remotely and quickly change the diffraction properties of soft-composite periodic microstructures marks a breakthrough towards the realization of ultra-fast all-optical devices. C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Serak, Svetlana; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat CEMIF CAL, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); U. S. Air Force [FA8655-12-1-003]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), U. S. Air Force, under grant FA8655-12-1-003 (P. I. L. De Sio) and the .Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2014 VL 2 IS 18 BP 3532 EP 3535 DI 10.1039/c4tc00229f PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AF8XL UT WOS:000334998900005 ER PT J AU Ashtiani, R Saeed, A Hammons, M AF Ashtiani, Reza Saeed, Athar Hammons, Michael TI Mechanistic Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Anisotropy; Geomaterials; Pavements; Recycling; Aggregates; Mechanical properties; Anisotropy; Geomaterials; Pavements; Recycled materials; Aggregate base layer AB This paper provides a mechanistic procedure for performance characterization of recycled aggregate systems for use as aggregate base layers. Twelve recycled aggregate systems with different lithologies and known field performance histories were selected for this study. The aggregate sources were selected from seven different states with different climatic conditions to account for the environmental impacts on the performance of the pavements constructed with recycled materials. A comprehensive material testing protocol was followed to characterize the mechanical and physio-chemical properties of the recycled aggregate systems. A shear strength test at different confinement levels and the Canadian freeze-thaw test, Micro-Deval test, and tube suction test were performed on the samples. Analysis of the laboratory tests showed that several recycled systems performed equally or better compared to control systems consisting of virgin aggregates in terms of higher shear strength and higher hardening index. Laboratory test results also showed that recycled concrete (RC) materials typically had superior mechanical properties such as a higher resilient modulus and hardening index compared to recycled asphalt (RA) systems; however, RC systems showed higher frost susceptibility. The laboratory analysis and numerical simulation results presented in this study underscore the significance of climatic conditions and subgrade soil type when a RA system is considered as a viable option. C1 [Ashtiani, Reza] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Saeed, Athar] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Hammons, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Ashtiani, R (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, 500 W Univ Ave,Engn Bldg, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM reza@utep.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000798 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AD7NN UT WOS:000333451000012 ER PT S AU Wigle, JC Castellanos, CC Denton, ML Holwitt, EA AF Wigle, Jeffrey C. Castellanos, Cherry C. Denton, Michael L. Holwitt, Eric A. BE Hamblin, MR Carroll, JD Arany, P TI Nitric oxide measurements in hTERT-RPE cells and subcellular fractions exposed to low levels of red light SO MECHANISMS FOR LOW-LIGHT THERAPY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy IX CY FEB 01-02, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photobiomodulation; in vitro; human retinal pigmented epithelium cells; nitric oxide; subcellular fractions; adaptive response. ID LASER THERAPY; PROMOTES REGENERATION; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; RETINA; PHOTOBIOMODULATION AB Cells in a tissue culture model for laser eye injury exhibit increased resistance to a lethal pulse of 2.0-mu m laser radiation if the cells are first exposed to 2.88 J/cm(2) of red light 24 hr prior to the lethal laser exposure. Changes in expression of various genes associated with apoptosis have been observed, but the biochemical link between light absorption and gene expression remains unknown. Cytochome c oxidase (CCOX), in the electron transport chain, is the currentlyhypothesized absorber. Absorption of the red light by CCOX is thought to facilitate displacement of nitric oxide (NO) by O-2 in the active site, increasing cellular respiration and intracellular ATP. However, NO is also an important regulator and mediator of numerous physiological processes in a variety of cell and tissue types that is synthesized from l-arginine by NO synthases. In an effort to determine the relative NO contributions from these competing pathways, we measured NO levels in whole cells and subcellular fractions, with and without exposure to red light, using DAF-FM, a fluorescent dye that stoichiometrically reacts with NO. Red light induced a small, but consistently reproducible, increase in fluorescence intensity in whole cells and some subcellular fractions. Whole cells exhibited the highest overall fluorescence intensity followed by (in order) cytosolic proteins, microsomes, then nuclei and mitochondria. C1 [Wigle, Jeffrey C.] Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Castellanos, Cherry C.; Denton, Michael L.] TASC Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Holwitt, Eric A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wigle, JC (reprint author), Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU 711th Human Performance Wing Chief Scientist's Seedling Program FX This research was funded by a grant from the 711th Human Performance Wing Chief Scientist's Seedling Program to JCW. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9845-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8932 AR UNSP 89320D DI 10.1117/12.2036993 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BA3KX UT WOS:000334338800011 ER PT J AU Usmail, CL Little, MO Zuber, RE AF Usmail, Courtney L. Little, Michael O. Zuber, Richard E. TI Evolution of Embedded Processing for Wide Area Surveillance SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Usmail, Courtney L.; Little, Michael O.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Zuber, Richard E.] SRC Inc, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Usmail, CL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM courtney.raymond.1@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130054 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AE7EQ UT WOS:000334159900001 ER PT J AU Rigling, B Garber, W Hawley, R Gorham, L AF Rigling, Brian Garber, Wendy Hawley, Robert Gorham, LeRoy TI Wide-Area, Persistent SAR Imaging: Algorithm Tradeoffs SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR C1 [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Garber, Wendy; Hawley, Robert] Matrix Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gorham, LeRoy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rigling, B (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM brian.rigling@wright.edu; wendy.garber@matrixresearch.com; bob.hawley@matrixresearch.com; leroy.gorham@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130067 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AE7EQ UT WOS:000334159900002 ER PT J AU Moore, L Potter, L Ash, J AF Moore, Linda Potter, Lee Ash, Joshua TI Three-Dimensional Position Accuracy in Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID CURVILINEAR APERTURES; SAR; MODEL; RESOLUTION C1 [Moore, Linda] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Moore, Linda] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Potter, Lee; Ash, Joshua] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Moore, L (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM linda.moore2@wpafb.af.mil RI Potter, Lee/F-8668-2014 OI Potter, Lee/0000-0002-1537-1627 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130076 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AE7EQ UT WOS:000334159900004 ER PT J AU Saville, MA Jackson, JA Fuller, DF AF Saville, Michael A. Jackson, Julie A. Fuller, Dane F. TI Rethinking Vehicle Classification with Wide-Angle Polarimetric SAR SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID APERTURE RADAR; SCATTERING CENTERS; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; 3D; ATR C1 [Saville, Michael A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 422, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Jackson, Julie A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuller, Dane F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saville, MA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 422, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM michael.sav-ille@wright.edu; julie.jackson@afit.edu; dane.fuller@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130057 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AE7EQ UT WOS:000334159900005 ER PT S AU Diskin, Y Asari, V Hytla, P Vasquez, J AF Diskin, Yakov Asari, Vijayan Hytla, Patrick Vasquez, Juan BE Niel, KS Bingham, PR TI Illumination Invariant 3D Change Detection SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications VII CY FEB 03-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Change detection; 3D reconstruction; illumination invariant; volumetric; Dense Point-cloud Representation (DPR); aerial surveillance; point cloud registration; noise suppression AB We present a 3D change detection framework designed to support various applications in changing environmental conditions. Previous efforts have focused on image filtering techniques that manipulate the intensity values of the image to create a more controlled and unnatural illumination. Since most applications require detecting changes in a scene irrespective of the time of day and present lighting conditions, image filtering algorithms fail to suppress the illumination differences enough for Background Model (BM) subtraction to be effective. Our approach completely eliminates the illumination challenges from the change detection problem. The algorithm is based on our previous work in which we have shown a capability to reconstruct a surrounding environment in near real-time processing speeds. The algorithm, namely Dense Point-Cloud Representation (DPR), allows for a 3D reconstruction of a scene using only a single moving camera. In order to eliminate any effects of the illumination change, we convert each point-cloud model into a 3D binary voxel grid. A '1' is assigned to voxels containing points from the model while a '0' is assigned to voxels with no points. We detect the changes between the two environments by volumetrically subtracting the registered 3D binary voxel models. This process is extremely computationally efficient due to logic-based operations available when handling binary models. We evaluate the 3D change detection framework by experimenting on the same scene with aerial imagery captured at various times. C1 [Diskin, Yakov; Asari, Vijayan; Hytla, Patrick] Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vasquez, Juan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Diskin, Y (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Diskiny1@udayton.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9941-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9024 AR UNSP 90240D DI 10.1117/12.2041038 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA2ZS UT WOS:000334026000011 ER PT S AU Henry, LJ Klopfer, M Mart, C Grosek, J Jain, R AF Henry, Leanne J. Klopfer, Michael Mart, Cody Grosek, Jake Jain, Ravinder BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Investigation of the low power stage of an 1178 nm Raman system SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVI CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman laser; resonator cavity; narrow linewidth; nonlinear Schrodinger equation ID NONLINEAR REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LASER GUIDE STAR; FIBER AMPLIFIERS; SILICA AB An 1178 nm seeded and 1069 nm pumped Raman laser system where the second Stokes is amplified in a 1121 nm resonator defined by high reflector fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) has the potential of producing high output power of narrow linewidth 1178 nm. However, 1121 nm power leakage out of the resonator cavity around the gratings was found to impact the performance of the laser and needs to be dealt with in order to obtain high 1178 nm output power levels. In order to address this problem, the causes of linewidth broadening must be understood. A fully nonlinear model has been built which involves propagation of the spectral wave shape via the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in addition to the Raman processes. It was found that increases in 1121 nm cavity power, fiber Bragg grating bandwidth, and the nonlinear index of refraction n(2), as well as a decrease in group velocity dispersion beta(2) leads to an increase in linewidth broadening. It is concluded that the magnitude of linewidth broadening seen experimentally can only be explained if the spectral components outside the bandwidth of the FBGs are being amplified. Experimentally, 1121 nm power leakage can be handled by using a three wavelength WDM on either side of the rare earth doped amplifier. In addition, usage of a fiber having a high value for group velocity dispersion and/or a low value for nonlinear index of refraction n(2) in addition to narrower bandwidth fiber Bragg gratings may help reduce the amount of linewidth broadening. C1 [Henry, Leanne J.; Grosek, Jake] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Klopfer, Michael; Jain, Ravinder] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, MSC01 1100, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mart, Cody] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85271 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9873-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8960 AR UNSP 89601V DI 10.1117/12.2036600 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZT UT WOS:000334026300044 ER PT S AU Paxton, AH Miller, HC AF Paxton, Alan H. Miller, Harold C. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Stable ring resonator with bidirectional passes through the gain medium SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVI CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE laser; resonator; beam rotation; field rotation; mode ID LASER AB Ring resonators have unique properties that are sometimes desirable. Spatial hole burning is eliminated. Beam transformation, such as image rotation which may reduce the magnitude of certain aberrations, can be implemented in a traveling-wave region. There is a drawback, however. As usually constructed, a ring resonator has half as many passes through the gain medium as can be achieved with a standing-wave resonator. This may have a detrimental effect on laser efficiency. We have constructed a type of ring resonator that allows counter-propagating collinear passes through the gain medium, while there is also a section with a unidirectional beam. The resonator includes a polarizing beam splitter. The linear polarization is transformed to the orthogonal state by optical elements at the two ends of the region with counter-propagating beams. The beams passing through the gain medium in opposite directions are linearly polarized with orthogonal states. C1 [Paxton, Alan H.; Miller, Harold C.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9873-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8960 AR 89601Z DI 10.1117/12.2046496 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZT UT WOS:000334026300048 ER PT S AU Flores, A Dajani, I Hult, D Robin, C AF Flores, Angel Dajani, Iyad Hult, Dane Robin, Craig BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Investigations of SBS and Laser Gain Competition in High-Power Phase Modulated Fiber Amplifiers SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE stimulated Brillouin scattering; Yb-doped fiber lasers; phase modulation ID KW AB We present experimental results of SBS suppression in high power, monolithic, Yb-doped fiber amplifiers via phase modulated laser gain competition. To narrow the linewidth, two-tone laser gain competition between broad ( 1036 nm) and narrow linewidth ( 1064 nm) laser signals is investigated in conjunction with phase modulation and yields pump limited output powers of 600 W. Here integration of both two-tone and pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) phase modulation concepts, generated SBS enhancement factors of greater than 17x at a modulation frequency of 500 MHz, without reaching the SBS threshold. Significantly, the results represent a near order of magnitude reduction in linewidth over current high-power, monolithic, Yb-doped fiber amplifiers. C1 [Flores, Angel; Dajani, Iyad; Robin, Craig] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hult, Dane] TREX Enterprises Corp, Pacif Ctr Court, San Diego, CA 91121 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office ( HEL- JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR) FX This work was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office ( HEL- JTO), and Drs. Arje Nachman and Howard Schlossberg of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( AFOSR). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9877-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8964 AR UNSP 89640R DI 10.1117/12.2044196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZH UT WOS:000334021800017 ER PT S AU Naderi, S Dajani, I Grosek, J Madden, T Dinh, TN AF Naderi, Shadi Dajani, Iyad Grosek, Jacob Madden, Timothy Thien-Nam Dinh BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Theoretical analysis of effect of pump and signal wavelengths on modal instabilities in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Modal instabilities; Yb-doped fiber amplifiers; Photonic crystal fiber; High power fiber amplifiers; wavelengths AB We present, using numerical simulations, investigations of the modal instability thresholds in high-power Yb-doped fiber amplifiers. We use a time-dependent temperature solver coupled to the optical fields and population inversion equations to determine the temporal dynamics of the modal content of the signal as well as the modal instability threshold. Our numerical code is optimized to achieve fast computations; thus allowing us to perform efficient detailed numerical studies of fiber amplifiers ranging in lengths from 1-20 meters using various pump and seeding wavelengths. Simulation results indicate promising modal instability suppression through gain tailoring, tandem pumping, or through seeding at an appropriate wavelength. We examine the threshold of an amplifier pumped using fiber lasers operating at 1018 nm; similar to the multi-kilowatt single-mode fiber laser demonstrated by IPG. In this case, we show an increase in threshold of 370%. By simply seeding at other wavelengths, as low as 1030 nm, a 60% suppression of the modal instability threshold can also be realized. Furthermore, we show that gain tailoring is an effective mitigation technique leading to an appreciable suppression of the instability in a fiber design that has already been experimentally tested. C1 [Naderi, Shadi] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Dajani, Iyad; Grosek, Jacob; Madden, Timothy] Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Thien-Nam Dinh] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Naderi, S (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9877-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8964 AR UNSP 89641W DI 10.1117/12.2044143 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZH UT WOS:000334021800037 ER PT S AU Oliker, BQ Haiducek, JD Hostutler, DA Pitz, GA Rudolph, W Madden, TJ AF Oliker, Benjamin Q. Haiducek, John D. Hostutler, David A. Pitz, Greg A. Rudolph, Wolfgang Madden, Timothy J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Simulation of Deleterious Processes in a Static-Cell Diode Pumped Alkali Laser SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VII CY FEB 02-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE diode pumped alkali laser; DPAL; ionization; modeling; simulation; three-dimensional; high-fidelity ID ENERGY-POOLING COLLISIONS; CESIUM VAPOR; RADIATION AB The complex interactions in a diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) gain cell provide opportunities for multiple deleterious processes to occur. Effects that may be attributable to deleterious processes have been observed experimentally in a cesium static-cell DPAL at the United States Air Force Academy [B.V. Zhdanov, J. Sell, R.J. Knize, "Multiple laser diode array pumped Cs laser with 48 W output power,"Electronics Letters, 44, 9 (2008)]. The power output in the experiment was seen to go through a "roll-over"; the maximum power output was obtained with about 70 W of pump power, then power output decreased as the pump power was increased beyond this point. Research to determine the deleterious processes that caused this result has been done at the Air Force Research Laboratory utilizing physically detailed simulation. The simulations utilized coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and optics solvers, which were three-dimensional and time-dependent. The CFD code used a cell-centered, conservative, finite-volume discretization of the integral form of the Navier-Stokes equations. It included thermal energy transport and mass conservation, which accounted for chemical reactions and state kinetics. Optical models included pumping, lasing, and fluorescence. The deleterious effects investigated were: alkali number density decrease in high temperature regions, convective flow, pressure broadening and shifting of the absorption lineshape including hyperfine structure, radiative decay, quenching, energy pooling, off-resonant absorption, Penning ionization, photoionization, radiative recombination, three-body recombination due to free electron and buffer gas collisions, ambipolar diffusion, thermal aberration, dissociative recombination, multi-photon ionization, alkali-hydrocarbon reactions, and electron impact ionization. C1 [Oliker, Benjamin Q.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Syst Engn Solut, 2201 Buena Vista Dr SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Haiducek, John D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hostutler, David A.; Pitz, Greg A.; Madden, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Rudolph, Wolfgang] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Oliker, BQ (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Syst Engn Solut, 2201 Buena Vista Dr SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM boliker@ball.com NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9875-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8962 AR UNSP 89620B DI 10.1117/12.2045339 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZJ UT WOS:000334022400009 ER PT S AU Pitz, GA Hager, GD Tafoya, TB Young, JW Perram, GP Hostutler, DA AF Pitz, Greg A. Hager, Gordon D. Tafoya, Tiffany B. Young, Joseph W. Perram, Glen P. Hostutler, David A. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI An experimental high pressure line shape study of the rubidium D-1 and D-2 transitions with the noble gases, methane, and ethane SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VII CY FEB 02-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Pressure Broadening; Pressure Shift; Rubidium; Asymmetry; Lineshape; Spectroscopy; DPAL ID RESONANCE LINES; FOREIGN GASES; 1ST DOUBLET; CESIUM; SHIFT; POTENTIALS; HELIUM; N-2; CH4 AB At high pressure the first resonance lines of rubidium have been observed to broaden asymmetrically. A theoretical line shape for this asymmetry has been determined via the Anderson-Talman theory and the impact approximation. The broadening and shift rates compared nicely to previous low pressure results and the rates for asymmetry have been measured for the noble gases, methane, and ethane. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Tafoya, Tiffany B.; Young, Joseph W.; Hostutler, David A.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hager, Gordon D.; Perram, Glen P.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45414 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU High Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office FX support for this work from the High Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office is gratefully acknowledge. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9875-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8962 AR UNSP 896208 DI 10.1117/12.2045337 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZJ UT WOS:000334022400007 ER PT S AU Ghasemkhani, M Albrecht, AR Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M AF Ghasemkhani, Mohammadreza Albrecht, Alexander R. Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor BE Epstein, RI Seletskiy, DV SheikBahae, M TI Intracavity optical refrigeration to 131 K using high-power vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids VII CY FEB 05-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Anti-Stokes fluorescence; laser cooling of solids; vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers; birefringent filter AB Laser cooling of Yb:YLF crystal to 131 K from room temperature has been demonstrated in an active intracavity arrangement for enhanced pump absorption. The laser is a high-power, broadly-tunable InGaAs/GaAs MQW VECSEL capable of producing 20 Watts at 1020 nm, directly at the E4-E5 transition of the Yb-ion. This is the coldest temperature achieved to date in an intracavity geometry and without sophisticated heat load management of the crystal. This progress presents a significant advancement towards an all-solid-state compact cryocooler. C1 [Ghasemkhani, Mohammadreza; Albrecht, Alexander R.; Melgaard, Seth D.; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 1919 Lomas Blvd NE MSC 07-4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, Dept Phys, Constance, Germany. RP Ghasemkhani, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 1919 Lomas Blvd NE MSC 07-4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mrghasem@unm.edu FU DARPA [10669320]; Thermo Dynamic Films (TDF) through an STTR; AFRL [FA94531310223]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [1160764]; EU FP7 Marie Curie Zukunftskolleg Incoming Fellowship Programme; University of Konstanz [291784]; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office; U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Richard Epstein and Markus Hehlen for useful discussions, and AC Materials (Tarpon Springs, FL) for customized sample growth and preparation. The work at UNM was supported by DARPA (GRANT 10669320), Thermo Dynamic Films (TDF) through an STTR Grant, AFRL (FA94531310223). SDM acknowledges the support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. DVS acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1160764 and partial support by the EU FP7 Marie Curie Zukunftskolleg Incoming Fellowship Programme, University of Konstanz (Grant No. 291784). VECSEL growth was supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi- program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE- AC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9913-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9000 AR UNSP 900005 DI 10.1117/12.2040116 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA2ZR UT WOS:000334025900004 ER PT S AU Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Epstein, RI Alden, JV Sheik-Bahae, M AF Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. Epstein, Richard I. Alden, Jay V. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor BE Epstein, RI Seletskiy, DV SheikBahae, M TI Device applications for cryogenic optical refrigeration SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids VII CY FEB 05-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE anti-Stokes fluorescence; laser cooling; optical refrigeration; cryogenic; trace element analysis; Yb:YLF AB With the coldest solid-state temperatures (Delta T > 185K from 300K) achievable by optical refrigeration, it is now timely to apply this technology to cryogenic devices. Along with thermal management and pump absorption, this work addresses the most key engineering challenge of transferring cooling power to the payload while efficiently rejecting optical waste-heat fluorescence. We discuss our optimized design of such a thermal link, which shows excellent performance in optical rejection and thermal properties. C1 [Melgaard, Seth D.; Epstein, Richard I.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, Dept Phys, Constance, Germany. [Epstein, Richard I.; Alden, Jay V.] Thermodynam Films, LLC, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Melgaard, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU DARPA [10669320]; AFOSR (STTR program); AFRL/ RV University; National Science Foundation [1160764] FX Support by DARPA GRANT10669320, AFOSR (STTR program), and AFRL/ RV University Small Grant. Parts of this research were performed while S. D. M. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory. D. V. S. also acknowledges partial support by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1160764. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9913-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9000 AR UNSP 900002 DI 10.1117/12.2039956 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA2ZR UT WOS:000334025900001 ER PT S AU Abeysinghe, DC Myers, J Esfahani, NN Hendrickson, JR Cleary, JW Walker, DE Chen, KH Chen, LC Mou, S AF Abeysinghe, Don C. Myers, Joshua Esfahani, Nima Nader Hendrickson, Joshua R. Cleary, Justin W. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Chen, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Li-Chyong Mou, Shin BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Plasmonic Resonance Absorption Spectra in Mid-Infrared in an Array of Graphene Nanoresonators SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XI CY FEB 02-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Graphene plasmonics; resonant absorption; mid-infrared AB We experimentally demonstrated graphene plasmon resonant absorption in mid-IR by utilizing an array of graphene nanoribbon resonators on SiO2 substrate. By tuning resonator width we probed the graphene plasmons with lambda(p) <= lambda(0)/100 and plasmon resonances as high as 0.240 eV (2100 cm(-1)) for 40 nm wide nanoresonators. Resonant absorption spectra for graphene nanoribbons of varying widths enabled us to determine plasmon dispersion and reveal plasmon damping due to the interaction of graphene plasmons with the surface polar phonons in SiO2 substrate and intrinsic graphene optical phonons. Specifically, much reduced damping was observed when the plasmon resonance frequencies were close to the substrate polar phonon frequencies. Then, by direct ebeam exposure of graphene nanoresonators, we effectively changed the carrier density and caused red-shift of the plasmon spectra. This work will provide insight into light-sensitive, frequency-tunable photodetectors based on graphene's plasmonic excitations. C1 [Abeysinghe, Don C.; Myers, Joshua; Mou, Shin] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Cleary, Justin W.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH USA. [Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Acad Sin, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, Li-Chyong] Nat Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Abeysinghe, DC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (USA); Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under AFOSR; Ministry of Education; National Science Council; Academia Sinica (Taiwan) FX The authors acknowledge support from Air Force Research Laboratory (USA) and Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under AFOSR. K.-H. Chen and L.-C. Chen also acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Education, National Science Council, and Academia Sinica (Taiwan). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9906-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8993 AR UNSP 89932B DI 10.1117/12.2045723 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZQ UT WOS:000334025500046 ER PT S AU Esfahani, NN Qiao, X Peale, RE Buchwald, WR Hendrickson, JR Cleary, JW AF Esfahani, Nima Nader Qiao, Xin Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter R. Hendrickson, Joshua R. Cleary, Justin W. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Tunable excitation of two-dimensional plasmon modes in InGaAs/InP HEMT devices for terahertz detection SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XI CY FEB 02-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE HEMT; Plasmon; terahertz; Graphene; 2DEG; detector ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RADIATION; GRAPHENE AB THz electromagnetic waves resonantly excite plasmons in the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) via grating-gate couplers. These excitations can induce measureable photoresponse. Biasing the grating gate tunes the photoresponse via control of 2DEG carrier density. Plasmons are investigated here in an InGaAs/InP HEMT with a 9 mu m period grating gate at 78 and 106 GHz free-space radiation and 4K sample temperature. The dependence of the photoresponse on applied Source-Drain bias is also investigated. The minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) is estimated to be 113 pW/Hz(1/2), with maximum responsivity of 200 V/W. Such plasmonic alterations in channel conductance provide a means for voltage-tunable THz and sub-THz detectors or filters. C1 [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Qiao, Xin; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.; Hendrickson, Joshua R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Esfahani, NN (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFOSR LRIR [12RY10COR]; AFOSR [12RY05COR]; [FA95501010030] FX work is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. N.N.E and J.W.C acknowledge AFOSR LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). R.E.P acknowledges grant No. FA95501010030. J.R.H would also like to acknowledge support from AFOSR under LRIR No. 12RY05COR. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9906-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8993 AR UNSP 89930F DI 10.1117/12.2037062 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZQ UT WOS:000334025500010 ER PT S AU Steenbergen, EH Elhamri, S Asel, TJ Mitchel, WC Hierath, ST Brown, GJ AF Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Elhamri, Said Asel, T. J. Mitchel, William C. Hierath, Sarah T. Brown, Gail J. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Impact of Be-doping on the material properties of InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices for infrared detection SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XI CY FEB 02-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE mid-wavelength infrared; superlattice; detector; p-type; doping AB The material properties of p-type InAs/InAsSb superlattices are of interest for infrared photodiodes, but InAs/InAsSb superlattices are residually n-type and p-type superlattices have not been investigated thus far. This study examines the material properties of a mid-wavelength infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattice design doped with Be concentrations from 0.5-7x10(16) cm(-3). High-resolution x-ray diffraction revealed slight structural variation throughout the similar to 500 nm thick superlattice layer, but the RMS surface roughness was reasonable. Hall Effect measurements, taken at 10 K to remove any conduction effects from the undoped GaSb substrate, revealed the superlattice converting from n-type to p-type at Be:3x10(16) cm(-3). The maximum hole mobility achieved at the two highest Be doping levels was similar to 24,000 cm(2)/Vs, which is high for mid-wavelength infrared superlattices. The doped superlattices all had photoluminescence (PL) peaks 12 - 34 meV lower in energy than the undoped sample, and the PL peak FWHMs increased as the average superlattice mismatch increased, as expected. Comparing the photoresponse to the PL allowed the Be acceptor binding energy in the superlattice (13 meV) to be determined, which agreed with the reported Be acceptor binding energy in InAs. C1 [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Mitchel, William C.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said; Asel, T. J.; Hierath, Sarah T.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Steenbergen, EH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9906-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8993 AR UNSP 89930X DI 10.1117/12.2042347 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZQ UT WOS:000334025500019 ER PT J AU Linares, R Jah, MK Crassidis, JL Nebelecky, CK AF Linares, Richard Jah, Moriba K. Crassidis, John L. Nebelecky, Christopher K. TI Space Object Shape Characterization and Tracking Using Light Curve and Angles Data SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION METHODS; ATTITUDE ESTIMATION; REPRESENTATIONS; INVERSION; SEQUENCE; IMAGES; RADAR AB This paper presents a new method, based on a multiple-model adaptive estimation approach, to determine the most probable shape of a resident space object among a number of candidate shape models while simultaneously recovering the observed resident space object's inertial orientation and trajectory. Multiple-model adaptive estimation uses a parallel bank of filters, each operating under a different hypothesis to determine an estimate of the physical system under consideration. In this work, the shape model of the resident space object constitutes the hypothesis. Estimates of the likelihood of each hypothesis, given the available measurements, are provided from the multiple-model adaptive estimation approach. The multiple-model adaptive estimation state estimates are determined using a weighted average of the individual filter estimates, whereas the shape estimate is selected as the shape model with the highest likelihood. Each filter employs the unscented estimation approach, reducing passively collected electro-optical data to infer the unknown state vector composed of the resident space object's inertial-to-body orientation, position, and respective temporal rates. Each hypothesized shape model results in a different observed optical cross-sectional area. The effects of solar radiation pressure may be recovered from accurate angles data alone, if the collected measurements span a sufficiently long period of time, so as to make the nonconservative mismodeling effects noticeable. However, for relatively short arcs of data, this effect is weak, and thus the temporal brightness of the resident space object can be used in conjunction with the angles data to exploit the fused sensitivity to both the resident space object shape model and associated trajectory. Initial simulation results show that the resident space object model and states can be recovered accurately with the proposed approach. C1 [Linares, Richard; Crassidis, John L.; Nebelecky, Christopher K.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Linares, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. EM linares2@buffalo.edu; johnc@buffalo.edu; ckn@buffalo.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate (Advanced Sciences and Technology Research Institute for Astrodynamics and Space Scholars program) FX This work was supported through multiple funding mechanisms, one of which was via the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate (Advanced Sciences and Technology Research Institute for Astrodynamics and Space Scholars program). The authors wish to thank Frank J. Centinello, III, for his work with Moriba Jah to further the research in light curve and angles data fusion. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.2514/1.62986 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AD9UG UT WOS:000333609400006 ER PT J AU Wetterer, CJ Linares, R Crassidis, JL Kelecy, TM Ziebart, MK Jah, MK Cefola, PJ AF Wetterer, Charles J. Linares, Richard Crassidis, John L. Kelecy, Thomas M. Ziebart, Marek K. Jah, Moriba K. Cefola, Paul J. TI Refining Space Object Radiation Pressure Modeling with Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ORBIT DETERMINATION AB High-fidelity orbit propagation requires detailed knowledge of the solar radiation pressure on a space object. The solar radiation pressure depends not only on the space object's shape and attitude, but also on the absorption and reflectance properties of each surface on the object. These properties are typically modeled in a simplistic fashion, but are here described by a surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Several analytic bidirectional reflectance distribution function models exist, and are typically complicated functions of illumination angle and material properties represented by parameters within the model. In general, the resulting calculation of the solar radiation pressure would require a time-consuming numerical integration. This might be impractical if multiple solar radiation pressure calculations are required for a variety of material properties in real time; for example, in a filter where the particular surface parameters are being estimated. This paper develops a method to make accurate and precise solar radiation pressure calculations quickly for some commonly used analytic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions. In addition, other radiation pressures exist, including Earth albedo/Earth infrared radiation pressure, and thermal radiation pressure from the space object itself, and are influenced by the specific bidirectional reflectance distribution function. A description of these various radiation pressures and a comparison of the magnitude of the resulting accelerations at various orbital heights and the degree to which they affect the space object's orbit are also presented. Significantly, this study suggests that, for space debris whose interactions with electro-magnetic radiation are described accurately with a bidirectional reflectance distribution function, then hitherto unmodeled torques would account for rotational characteristics affecting both tracking signatures and the ability to predict the orbital evolution of the objects. C1 [Wetterer, Charles J.] Pacific Def Solut, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Linares, Richard; Crassidis, John L.; Cefola, Paul J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Kelecy, Thomas M.] Boeing LTS, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Ziebart, Marek K.] UCL, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), Pacific Def Solut, 1300 N Holopono St Suite116, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. EM jack.wetterer@pacificds.com; linares2@buffalo.edu; johnc@buffalo.edu; Thomas.M.Kelecy@boeing.com; m.ziebart@ucl.ac.uk; paulcefo@buffalo.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base [FA9453-11-C-0154]; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, London, UK [FA8655-11-1-3043] FX This work is sponsored by a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contract FA9453-11-C-0154 by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base, and contract FA8655-11-1-3043 by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, London, UK. The authors also wish to acknowledge useful discussions and technical contributions made by other members of the SBIR team: Daron Nishimoto, Keric Hill, Steve Lyke, Kris Hamada, and Channing Chow of Pacific Defense Solutions, LLC. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.2514/1.60577 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AD9UG UT WOS:000333609400020 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Cobb, RG AF Anderson, Michael L. Cobb, Richard G. TI Implementation of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Control Technique SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMIMETIC ROBOTIC INSECTS; FREE-FLIGHT MANEUVERS; DROSOPHILA AB Flapping wing micro air vehicles continue to be a growing field, with ongoing research into unsteady, low Reynolds number aerodynamics, microfabrication, and fluid-structure interaction. However, research into flapping wing control of such micro air vehicles continues to lag. Existing research uniformly consists of proposed control laws that are validated by computer simulations of quasi-steady blade-element formulas. Such simulations use numerous assumptions and cannot be trusted to fully describe the flow physics. Instead, such control laws must be validated on hardware. In earlier work, a novel control technique, biharmonic amplitude and bias modulation, was proposed and analyzed with these same quasi-steady blade-element formulas. In this work, the biharmonic amplitude and bias modulation control technique was implemented on a flapping wing prototype (4cm wing length) and tested on a six-component force/torque sensor. Experiments verified that the prototype can generate nearly uncoupled forces and moments for motion in five degrees of freedom when using the biharmonic amplitude and bias modulation control technique, and that these forces can be reasonably predicted by the blade-element formulas. C1 [Anderson, Michael L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. [Cobb, Richard G.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Air Vehicles Directorate FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Air Vehicles Directorate, under the direction of Greg Parker. We also thank Dave Doman, also of AFRL, for his enthusiastic encouragement and advice. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.2514/1.57855 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AD9UG UT WOS:000333609400029 ER PT J AU Crosbie, SC Polanka, MD Litke, PJ Hoke, JL AF Crosbie, Steven C. Polanka, Marc D. Litke, Paul J. Hoke, John L. TI Increasing Reliability of a Two-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine for Dynamically Changing Altitudes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Remotely piloted aircraft typically use commercial internal combustion engines as their power sources. These engines are designed to run at sea level, but these aircraft are often pressed into service at higher altitudes where the performance characteristics deteriorate. The performance characteristics of a Brison 5.8in.3 two-stroke engine at altitude were investigated using a test facility that can measure these characteristics over a range of pressures and temperatures. With its stock carburetor tuned to sea-level standard conditions, the engine created 5.5 peak horsepower, and brake-specific fuel consumption ranged from 1.2to4.0lb/(hph). At an altitude of 10,000ft, the peak horsepower decreased by 40%, whereas the off-peak horsepower decreased by more than 90%. Furthermore, the carburetor caused operation at high altitudes to be unreliable. Specifically, if the engine was tuned at sea-level standard, it would not operate above 10,000ft. To increase reliability, a throttle body fuel injection system was installed on the engine. The fuel injection system matched the carburetor peak power at sea-level standard conditions while increasing the power at high-altitude operating conditions by as much as 90% at low rpm and 12% at high rpm. Brake-specific fuel consumption was decreased to a consistent 1.0 to 1.3lb/(hph) across operating speeds of 3000 to 7000rpm, thus enhancing the range for the aircraft. Finally, both reliability at high altitude and startup reliability were increased with the throttle body fuel injection system, whereas the need for tuning by the end user was eliminated. C1 [Crosbie, Steven C.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Litke, Paul J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoke, John L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Crosbie, SC (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.2514/1.B34753 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AD9SK UT WOS:000333604600012 ER PT J AU Selvaraj, C Kumar, S Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG AF Selvaraj, C. Kumar, Surender Munichandraiah, N. Scanlon, L. G. TI Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polypyrrole Composite as a Catalyst for Oxygen Electrode of High Rate Rechargeable Li-O-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; AIR ELECTRODE; NANOSHEETS; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; NANOWIRES AB Polypyrrole (PPY) is grown on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the composite is studied as a catalyst for O-2 electrode in Li-O-2 cells. PPY is uniformly distributed on the two dimensional RGO layers. Li-O-2 cells assembled in a non-aqueous electrolyte using RGO-PPY catalyst exhibit an initial discharge capacity as high as 3358 mAh g(-1) (3.94 mAh cm(-2)) at a current density of 0.3 mA cm(-2). The voltage gap between the charge and discharge curves is less for Li-O-2(RGO-PPY) cell in comparison with Li-O-2(RGO) cell. The Li-O-2(RGO-PPY) cell delivers a discharge capacity of 550 mAh g(-1) (0.43 mAh cm(-2)) at a current density of 1.0 mA cm(-2). The results suggest that RGO-PPY is a promising catalyst of O-2 electrode for high rate rechargeable Li-O-2 cells. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Selvaraj, C.; Kumar, Surender; Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Scanlon, L. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Elect Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Selvaraj, C (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force [FA2386-13-1-4006] FX Authors thank the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force for financial support (award No. FA2386-13-1-4006), and Dr. T. Low and Dr. R. Ponnappan of AOARD for their keen interest in this work. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP A554 EP A560 DI 10.1149/2.055404jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AD8XR UT WOS:000333549500014 ER PT J AU McIntire, JP Havig, PR Geiselman, EE AF McIntire, John P. Havig, Paul R. Geiselman, Eric E. TI Stereoscopic 3D displays and human performance: A comprehensive review SO DISPLAYS LA English DT Review DE Stereopsis; Three-dimensional display; Human factors; Depth perception; Binocular vision; S3D ID HEAD-SLAVED CAMERA; BINOCULAR VISION; 3-D DISPLAYS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; DEPTH-PERCEPTION; 2 EYES; STEREOPSIS; PREHENSION; DESIGN; TASKS AB To answer the question: "what is 3D good for?" we reviewed the body of literature concerning the performance implications of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays versus non-stereo (20 or monoscopic) displays. We summarized results of over 160 publications describing over 180 experiments spanning 51 years of research in various fields including human factors psychology/engineering, human-computer interaction, vision science, visualization, and medicine. Publications were included if they described at least one task with a performance-based experimental evaluation of an S3D display versus a non-stereo display under comparable viewing conditions. We classified each study according to the experimental task(s) of primary interest: (a) judgments of positions and/or distances; (b) finding, identifying, or classifying objects; (c) spatial manipulations of real or virtual objects; (d) navigation; (e) spatial understanding, memory, or recall and (f) learning, training, or planning. We found that S3D display viewing improved performance over traditional non-stereo (2D) displays in 60% of the reported experiments. In 15% of the experiments, S3D either showed a marginal benefit or the results were mixed or unclear. In 25% of experiments, S3D displays offered no benefit over non-stereo 20 viewing (and in some rare cases, harmed performance). From this review, stereoscopic 3D displays were found to be most useful for tasks involving the manipulation of objects and for finding/identifying/classifying objects or imagery. We examine instances where S3D did not support superior task performance. We discuss the implications of our findings with regard to various fields of research concerning stereoscopic displays within the context of the investigated tasks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Geiselman, Eric E.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcintire.1@us.af.mil OI McIntire, John/0000-0002-9388-6028 NR 79 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 12 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9382 EI 1872-7387 J9 DISPLAYS JI Displays PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.displa.2013.10.004 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA AD8JN UT WOS:000333512400003 ER PT J AU Wigle, JC Holwitt, EA Estlack, LE Noojin, GD Saunders, KE Yakovlev, VV Rockwell, BA AF Wigle, Jeffrey C. Holwitt, Eric A. Estlack, Larry E. Noojin, Gary D. Saunders, Katharine E. Yakovlev, Valdislav V. Rockwell, Benjamin A. TI No effect of femtosecond laser pulses on M13, E. coli, DNA, or protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE femtosecond pulse; laser; near-infrared; DNA; protein; bacteriophage; bacteria; viability ID RAMAN; PEROXYNITRITE; CELLS; TRANSFECTION; MODE AB Data showing what appears to be nonthermal inactivation of M13 bacteriophage (M13), Tobacco mosaic virus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Jurkatt T-cells following exposure to 80-fs pulses of laser radiation have been published. Interest in the mechanism led to attempts to reproduce the results for M13 and E. coli. Bacteriophage plaque-forming and bacteria colony-forming assays showed no inactivation of the microorganisms; therefore, model systems were used to see what, if any, damage might be occurring to biologically important molecules. Purified plasmid DNA (pUC19) and bovine serum albumin were exposed to and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), respectively, and no effect was found. DNA and coat proteins extracted from laser-exposed M13 and analyzed by AGE or PAGE found no effect. Raman scattering by M13 in phosphate buffered saline was measured to determine if there was any physical interaction between M13 and femtosecond laser pulses, and none was found. Positive controls for the endpoints measured produced the expected results with the relevant assays. Using the published methods, we were unable to reproduce the inactivation results or to show any interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and buffer/water, DNA, protein, M13 bacteriophage, or E. coli. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Wigle, Jeffrey C.; Saunders, Katharine E.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holwitt, Eric A.] Mol Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Holwitt, Eric A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Estlack, Larry E.] Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78230 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.] TASC Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Yakovlev, Valdislav V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Wigle, JC (reprint author), Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jeffrey.c.wigle.civ@mail.mil RI Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [DBI-1250361, CBET-1250363] FX This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research to J. C. W. and NSF grants DBI-1250361 and CBET-1250363 to V.V.Y. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 AR 015008 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.015008 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AB6IZ UT WOS:000331892700030 PM 24474502 ER PT J AU Freeman, JA Roy, CJ AF Freeman, Jacob A. Roy, Christopher J. TI Verification and validation of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models for external flow SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verification and validation; Code verification; Solution verification; Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models; Subsonic compressible flow; Computational fluid dynamics ID IMPLICIT AB The Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model in the NASA-Langley CFL3D and FUN3D flow solvers has been previously verified 2nd-order accurate. For low subsonic 2-D applications (turbulent flat plate and NACA 0012 airfoil at alpha = 0 degrees), solutions from the S-A, S-A with Rotation and Curvature (SARC), Menter Shear-Stress Transport (SST), and Wilcox 1998 k-omega turbulence models in commercial flow solvers, Cobalt and RavenCFD, are compared with NASA results for code verification. Of 36 case evaluations, each of which uses 5 systematically refined computational meshes, only 7 approach 2nd-order observed accuracy, but 27 cases show 1st-order or better, indicating the formal order may be less than 2 for these applications. Since Cobalt and RavenCFD turbulence models perform comparable to NASA's verified models and since rigorous code verification is not possible without access to source code, the presented evidence suggests these turbulence models are implemented correctly for these or similar flow conditions and configurations. For solution verification, estimates of numerical uncertainty are less than 0.5% for 94% of the cases and less than 0.1% for 61% of the cases. For validation, the turbulent flat plate solutions match experiment skin friction within 4.8% for x/L > 0.05, and for airfoil drag coefficient, S-A and SST agree within 1.2% of experiment, SARC 2%, and k-omega 4%. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Freeman, Jacob A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Roy, Christopher J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Freeman, JA (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM jacob.freeman@us.af.mil; cjroy@vt.edu OI Freeman, Jacob/0000-0002-3807-6604 FU RavenCFD developer, James Carpenter of Corvid Technologies; Cobalt developers, Robert Tomaro and William Strang of Cobalt Solutions; Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi FX The authors acknowledge the support of RavenCFD developer, James Carpenter of Corvid Technologies, and Cobalt developers, Robert Tomaro and William Strang of Cobalt Solutions. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi. The authors also acknowledge the work of Chris Rumsey, his colleagues at NASA-Langley, as well as partners in industry and academia, for their efforts to develop and maintain the collaborative website, "Turbulence Modeling Resource," http://turbmodels.larc.nasa.gov. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2013.11.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AB6TH UT WOS:000331921900010 ER PT J AU Gordeyev, S De Lucca, N Jumper, EJ Hird, K Juliano, TJ Gregory, JW Thordahl, J Wittich, DJ AF Gordeyev, Stanislav De Lucca, Nicholas Jumper, Eric J. Hird, Kyle Juliano, Thomas J. Gregory, James W. Thordahl, James Wittich, Donald J., III TI Comparison of unsteady pressure fields on turrets with different surface features using pressure-sensitive paint SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; AEROOPTICAL ENVIRONMENT; FLOW; TRANSFORMATIONS; SIMULATION AB Spatially temporally resolved unsteady pressure fields on a surface of a hemisphere-on-cylinder turret with either a flat or a conformal window with realistic features such as gaps and "smile'' cutouts were characterized using fast-response pressure-sensitive paint at M = 0.33 for several window viewing angles. Various statistical properties of pressure fields were computed, and geometry effects on the unsteady pressure fields were analyzed and discussed. Proper orthogonal decomposition was also used to extract dominant pressure modes and corresponding temporal coefficients and to analyze and compare instantaneous pressure structures for different turret geometric features and the window viewing angles. An unsteady separation off the turret and a recirculation region downstream of the turret were identified as dominant sources of the unsteady pressure. It was found that while all geometric features affected the unsteady pressure field, the "smiles,'' positioned spanwise-symmetrically on both sides of the turret, were the leading cause of these changes, followed by the looking forward flat window. The gaps, the side-and the back-looking flat window introduced only small local changes. C1 [Gordeyev, Stanislav; De Lucca, Nicholas; Jumper, Eric J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46545 USA. [Hird, Kyle; Juliano, Thomas J.; Gregory, James W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Thordahl, James; Wittich, Donald J., III] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gordeyev, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46545 USA. EM sgordeye@nd.edu RI Gregory, James/A-2343-2015; Juliano, Thomas/A-8153-2015 OI Gregory, James/0000-0002-8589-8758; Juliano, Thomas/0000-0002-9362-6007 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate; High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0574] FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate and the High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) and supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Grant Number FA9550-07-1-0574. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Jim Crafton of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., for his many useful suggestions about the PSP technique. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 AR 1661 DI 10.1007/s00348-013-1661-9 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AB9YK UT WOS:000332151400030 ER PT J AU Flores-Noria, R Vazquez, R Arias, E Moggio, I Rodriguez, M Ziolo, RF Rodriguez, O Evans, DR Liebig, C AF Flores-Noria, Reyes Vazquez, Rosa Arias, Eduardo Moggio, Ivana Rodriguez, Marlene Ziolo, Ronald F. Rodriguez, Oliverio Evans, Dean R. Liebig, Carl TI Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of phenylenevinylenequinoline macromolecules SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OLIGOMERS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOPHYSICS; SINGLET; POLYMER AB A series of 3, 5 and 7 quinoline terminated arylenevinylene oligomers was selectively synthesized by applying two repetitive reactions at each cycle of oligomerization: a Wittig and Pd Heck cross-coupling. Oligomers were characterized by H-1 and homo-J-resolved, DEPT-135, APT, C-13 NMR and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. A detailed characterization of the oligomers was performed by UV-Vis, static-dynamic fluorescence and Z-scan spectroscopy. The HOMO and LUMO levels were determined by cyclic voltammetry and compared with the theoretical ones. Effective conjugation is attained for the pentamer, whilst the molecular structure of the heptamer shows a pronounced torsion of the phenylenevinylene segment disrupting the degree of conjugation as revealed by theoretical simulation of the oligomer geometry. Furthermore, the theoretical simulation shows that the HOMO-LUMO frontier orbitals are mainly localized in the phenylenevinylene structure, while in the quinolines the spatial distribution is only located at the C=N- group without any appreciable contribution of the adjacent phenyl group. The pentamer is the most fluorescent oligomer with a quantum yield in solution of phi = 0.62-0.68 depending on the solvent and a fluorescence lifetime of 1.07-1.28 ns, making this oligomer suitable for optoelectronic devices. C1 [Flores-Noria, Reyes; Vazquez, Rosa; Arias, Eduardo; Moggio, Ivana; Rodriguez, Marlene; Ziolo, Ronald F.; Rodriguez, Oliverio] CIQA, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. [Evans, Dean R.; Liebig, Carl] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liebig, Carl] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Arias, E (reprint author), CIQA, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. EM eduardo.arias@ciqa.edu.mx FU CONACYT-American Air Force Office of Scientific Research [(1010/189/10C-286-10)-(FA5990-10-1-0236)] FX We wish to acknowledge CONACYT-American Air Force Office of Scientific Research for the financial support through the initiative (1010/189/10C-286-10)-(FA5990-10-1-0236). The authors also thank Gabriela Padron for technical assistance. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 EI 1369-9261 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 974 EP 984 DI 10.1039/c3nj01193c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AB5BX UT WOS:000331805000018 ER PT J AU Seal, MD Marciniak, MA AF Seal, M. D. Marciniak, M. A. TI Partially coherent bidirectional reflectance distribution data computation for modeling periodic plasmonic structures at infrared wavelengths SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Directional; Reflectance; Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis; Partial longitudinal spatial coherence; Scatter; Plasmonic structure ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; RADIATORS; FIELD AB A series of methods for employing Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) to predict bidirectional reflectance distributions for periodic plasmonic surface structures, under partial longitudinal spatial coherence conditions, is presented. Two new methods are presented, which accurately represent the effects of directionally dependent absorption on the profiles of reflected diffraction lobes. Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions may be fit to the resulting bidirectional reflectance distributions, allowing plasmonic structures to be accurately incorporated into infrared scene-rendering and component modeling tools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seal, M. D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marciniak, M. A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seal, MD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.seal@afit.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH FX This research was supported by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 EI 1879-0275 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.09.008 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA AA9LE UT WOS:000331414200007 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Pollock, TM AF Miller, Jonathan D. Pollock, Tresa M. TI The Effect of Processing Conditions on Heat Transfer During Directional Solidification via the Bridgman and Liquid Metal Cooling Processes SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Entropy Alloys CY MAR 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX AB Finite-element-based solidification modeling was used to investigate the thermal characteristics of the Bridgman and liquid metal cooling (LMC) directional solidification (DS) processes. Physically representative boundary conditions were implemented within a finite-element model to test its applicability to a broad range of processing conditions. The dominant heat-transfer step for each case was identified. Relationships between the thermal gradient and the solid-liquid interface position relative to the transition region of the furnace were developed. The solidification rate, the local velocity of the solid-liquid interface, and the cooling rate as a function of withdrawal rate were analyzed. The curvature of the solid-liquid interface varies with the processing conditions and influences the local thermal condition and, therefore, the morphological development of dendritic structure during solidification. An extensive sensitivity analysis of process conditions was conducted for both the Bridgman and LMC techniques. The relative importance of process parameters on the resulting thermal conditions during solidification was identified. A protocol for determination of preferred process conditions was defined. The maximum axial thermal gradient at the surface of the casting occurs when the solid-liquid interface is just above the baffle for both the Bridgman and LMC DS processes, independent of casting geometry or mold-heater temperature. C1 [Miller, Jonathan D.; Pollock, Tresa M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.miller@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45A IS 1 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1986-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AA4UQ UT WOS:000331092300048 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Miller, JD Oppedal, AL Solanki, KN AF Tschopp, Mark A. Miller, Jon D. Oppedal, Andrew L. Solanki, Kiran N. TI Characterizing the Local Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing in Directionally Solidified Dendritic Microstructures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Entropy Alloys CY MAR 03-07, 2013 CL San Antonio, TX ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; AUTOMATED EXTRACTION; BASE SUPERALLOYS; DISORDER; FEATURES; MORPHOLOGY; ALLOYS AB Characterizing the spacing of primary dendrite arms in directionally solidified microstructures is an important step for developing process-structure-property relationships by enabling the quantification of (i) the influence of processing on microstructure and (ii) the influence of microstructure on properties. In this work, we utilized a new Voronoi-based approach for spatial point pattern analysis that was applied to an experimental dendritic microstructure. This technique utilizes a Voronoi tessellation of space surrounding the dendrite cores to determine nearest neighbors and the local primary dendrite arm spacing. In addition, we compared this technique to a recent distance-based technique and a modification to this using Voronoi tessellations. Moreover, a convex hull-based technique was used to include edge effects for such techniques, which can be important for thin specimens. These methods were used to quantify the distribution of local primary dendrite arm spacings, their spatial distribution, and their correlation with interdendritic eutectic particles for an experimental directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy micrograph. This can be an important step for correlating processing and properties in directionally solidified dendritic microstructures. C1 [Tschopp, Mark A.] Army Res Lab, Lightweight & Specialty Met Branch, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Tschopp, Mark A.; Oppedal, Andrew L.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Miller, Jon D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. [Solanki, Kiran N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Lightweight & Specialty Met Branch, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mark.a.tschopp.ctr@mail.mil RI Solanki, Kiran/E-8337-2010; Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0135]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) FX MAT would like to acknowledge AFOSR for support for this research through contract FA9550-12-1-0135 (PM: Dr. David Stargel, AFOSR/RSA). MAT would like to acknowledge support from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and ARL. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45A IS 1 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1985-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AA4UQ UT WOS:000331092300049 ER PT J AU Day, JW Holladay, CL Johnson, SK Barron, LG AF Day, Jillian Webb Holladay, Courtney L. Johnson, Stefanie K. Barron, Laura G. TI Organizational rewards: considering employee need in allocation SO PERSONNEL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Performance management; Quantitative; employee need; Performance rewards; Reward allocation ID LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE; DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE; PROCEDURAL JUSTICE; UNITED-STATES; CULTURAL COLLECTIVISM; MERIT PAY; PERFORMANCE; DECISIONS; EQUITY; INDIVIDUALISM AB Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate how employee need relates to rewards and employee perceptions of fairness within an organization in the USA using a pay-for-performance system. Design/methodology/approach - To evaluate the presence of a relationship between employee need and reward allocation in a pay-for-performance system, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 292 employees from two departments at an academic medical center. Findings - The findings highlight the positive relationship between employee need and reward allocation that remains when controlling for employee performance evaluation ratings. Findings further show that employee communication with the manager about need explains this relationship. Research limitations/implications - The findings make two important contributions to research on reward allocation and performance management. First, the results show employee need is related to the allocation of rewards in organizational settings outside of collectivistic cultures or developing countries. Second, by demonstrating the role of employee communication with managers about need within the relationship between employee need and reward allocation, the paper provides a more detailed understanding of additional factors related to compensation decisions in a pay-for-performance system. Originality/value - Little research has explored the relationship between employee need and reward decisions at an individual level in organizational settings within individualistic cultures. The findings from this study address this gap by establishing the presence of this relationship in a pay-for-performance reward-based organization with service-based values. This finding is timely due to the current economic downturn experienced by organizations, and thereby the level of employee need observed in Western individualistic cultures. C1 [Day, Jillian Webb; Holladay, Courtney L.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, HR Org Dev, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Johnson, Stefanie K.] Univ Colorado, Sch Business, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Barron, Laura G.] US Air Force, Force Management Policy Div, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Day, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, HR Org Dev, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 27 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0048-3486 EI 1758-6933 J9 PERS REV JI Pers. Rev. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 74 EP 95 DI 10.1108/PR-09-2012-0156 PG 22 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA AA9KF UT WOS:000331411700004 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Buskohl, PR Slone, C Smith, ML Vaia, RA AF Kramb, R. C. Buskohl, P. R. Slone, C. Smith, M. L. Vaia, R. A. TI Autonomic composite hydrogels by reactive printing: materials and oscillatory response SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID BELOUSOV-ZHABOTINSKY REACTION; POLYMER GELS; MOTION; NETWORKS; BEHAVIOR; DRIVEN; LIGHT AB Autonomic materials are those that automatically respond to a change in environmental conditions, such as temperature or chemical composition. While such materials hold incredible potential for a wide range of uses, their implementation is limited by the small number of fully-developed material systems. To broaden the number of available systems, we have developed a post-functionalization technique where a reactive Ru catalyst ink is printed onto a non-responsive polymer substrate. Using a succinimideamine coupling reaction, patterns are printed onto co-polymer or biomacromolecular films containing primary amine functionality, such as polyacrylamide (PAAm) or poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAAm) copolymerized with poly-N-(3-Aminopropyl)methacrylamide (PAPMAAm). When the films are placed in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solution medium, the reaction takes place only inside the printed nodes. In comparison to alternative BZ systems, where Ru-containing monomers are copolymerized with base monomers, reactive printing provides facile tuning of a range of hydrogel compositions, as well as enabling the formation of mechanically robust composite monoliths. The autonomic response of the printed nodes is similar for all matrices in the BZ solution concentrations examined, where the period of oscillation decreases in response to increasing sodium bromate or nitric acid concentration. A temperature increase reduces the period of oscillations and temperature gradients are shown to function as pace-makers, dictating the direction of the autonomic response (chemical waves). C1 [Kramb, R. C.; Buskohl, P. R.; Slone, C.; Smith, M. L.; Vaia, R. A.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kramb, R. C.; Buskohl, P. R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Slone, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smith, M. L.] Hope Coll, Dept Engn, Holland, MI 49423 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank Christopher Bailey and Hilmar Koerner for experimental assistance with temperature control. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1329 EP 1336 DI 10.1039/c3sm51650d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AA6ZH UT WOS:000331246300010 PM 24651297 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Lee, KM White, TJ Vaia, RA AF Smith, Matthew L. Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Design of polarization-dependent, flexural-torsional deformation in photo responsive liquid crystalline polymer networks SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; ACTUATORS; LIGHT; DNA AB Light responsive materials that exhibit wirelessly actuated, multidimensional deformation are excellent candidates for programmable matter applications such as morphing structures or soft robotics. A central challenge to designing adaptive structures from these materials is the ability accurately predict three dimensional deformations. Previous modeling efforts have focused almost exclusively on pure bending. Herein we examine key material parameters affecting light driven flexural-torsional response in azobenzene functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks. We show that a great deal of control can be obtained by specifying material alignment and actuating the material with polarized light. Insight gained from the theoretical framework here lays the foundation for more extensive modeling efforts to combine polarization controlled flexural-torsional deformations with complex geometry, boundary conditions, and loading conditions. C1 [Smith, Matthew L.] Hope Coll, Dept Engn, Holland, MI 49423 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Smith, ML (reprint author), Hope Coll, Dept Engn, 27 Graves Pl, Holland, MI 49423 USA. EM msmith@hope.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support. This work was performed in part while MLS held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1400 EP 1410 DI 10.1039/c3sm51865e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AA6ZH UT WOS:000331246300018 PM 24651881 ER PT J AU Loukitcheva, M Solanki, SK White, SM AF Loukitcheva, M. Solanki, S. K. White, S. M. TI The chromosphere above sunspots at millimeter wavelengths SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: radio radiation; sunspots ID SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUIET-SUN; BRIGHTNESS; EMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; UMBRA AB Aims. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that millimeter wave data can be used to distinguish between various atmospheric models of sunspots, whose temperature structure in the upper photosphere and chromosphere has been the source of some controversy. Methods. We use observations of the temperature contrast (relative to the quiet Sun) above a sunspot umbra at 3.5 mm obtained with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array (BIMA), complemented by submm observations from Lindsey & Kopp (1995) and 2 cm observations with the Very Large Array. These are compared with the umbral contrast calculated from various atmospheric models of sunspots. Results. Current mm and submm observational data suggest that the brightness observed at these wavelengths is low compared to the most widely used sunspot models. These data impose strong constraints on the temperature and density stratifications of the sunspot umbral atmosphere, in particular on the location and depth of the temperature minimum and the location of the transition region. Conclusions. A successful model that is in agreement with millimeter umbral brightness should have an extended and deep temperature minimum (below 3000 K). Better spatial resolution as well as better wavelength coverage are needed for a more complete determination of the chromospheric temperature stratification above sunspot umbrae. C1 [Loukitcheva, M.; Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Loukitcheva, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [White, S. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Loukitcheva, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM lukicheva@mps.mpg.de RI Loukitcheva, Maria/I-6110-2013 OI Loukitcheva, Maria/0000-0001-5246-9044 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 561 AR A133 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321321 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302EG UT WOS:000330584000133 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Miller, JD Senkov, ON Woodward, C Uchic, MD Tiley, J AF Miracle, Daniel B. Miller, Jonathan D. Senkov, Oleg N. Woodward, Christopher Uchic, Michael D. Tiley, Jaimie TI Exploration and Development of High Entropy Alloys for Structural Applications SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE structural metals; high-entropy alloys (HEAs); alloy design; high-throughput ID PRINCIPAL ELEMENT ALLOYS; SINGLE-SLIP BEHAVIOR; SOLID-SOLUTION PHASE; V-ZR SYSTEM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; METALLIC GLASSES; LOW-DENSITY AB We develop a strategy to design and evaluate high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for structural use in the transportation and energy industries. We give HEA goal properties for low (<= 150 degrees C), medium (<= 450 degrees C) and high (>= 1,100 degrees C) use temperatures. A systematic design approach uses palettes of elements chosen to meet target properties of each HEA family and gives methods to build HEAs from these palettes. We show that intermetallic phases are consistent with HEA definitions, and the strategy developed here includes both single-phase, solid solution HEAs and HEAs with intentional addition of a 2nd phase for particulate hardening. A thermodynamic estimate of the effectiveness of configurational entropy to suppress or delay compound formation is given. A 3-stage approach is given to systematically screen and evaluate a vast number of HEAs by integrating high-throughput computations and experiments. CALPHAD methods are used to predict phase equilibria, and high-throughput experiments on materials libraries with controlled composition and microstructure gradients are suggested. Much of this evaluation can be done now, but key components (materials libraries with microstructure gradients and high-throughput tensile testing) are currently missing. Suggestions for future HEA efforts are given. C1 [Miracle, Daniel B.; Miller, Jonathan D.; Senkov, Oleg N.; Woodward, Christopher; Uchic, Michael D.; Tiley, Jaimie] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@us.af.mil; jonathan.miller.22@us.af.mil; oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil; christopher.woodward@us.af.mil; michael.uchic@us.af.mil; jaimie.tiley@us.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX The authors would like to thank a number of colleagues for stimulating discussions, including Jien-Wei Yeh, Yunzhi Wang, Easo George, Uwe Glatzel and Lee Semiatin. Work by ONS was supported through the Air Force on-site contract no. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 81 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 36 U2 171 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1099-4300 J9 ENTROPY-SWITZ JI Entropy PD JAN PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 494 EP 525 DI 10.3390/e16010494 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 298RA UT WOS:000330340800023 ER PT J AU Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M Rigling, BD Nehorai, A AF Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Rigling, Brian D. Nehorai, Arye TI Cramer-Rao Bounds for UMTS-Based Passive Multistatic Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Coherent processing; Cramer-Rao bound; distributed; multistatic; passive radar; UMTS signals ID MIMO RADAR; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TARGET LOCALIZATION; AMBIGUITY FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; BISTATIC RADAR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Owing to the favorable ambiguity function properties and the increased deployment, mobile communications systems are useful for passive bistatic radar applications. Further, simultaneously using multiple illuminators in a multistatic configuration will improve the radar performance, providing spatial diversity and increased resolution. We compute modified Cramer-Rao lower bounds (MCRLB) for the target parameter (delay, Doppler) estimation error using universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) signals as illuminators of opportunity for passive multistatic radar systems. We consider both coherent and non-coherent processing modes. These expressions for MCRLB are an important performance metric in that they enable the selection of the optimal illuminators for estimation. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ, Preston M Green Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM sandeep.gogineni@wright.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@us.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu; nehorai@ese.wustl.edu RI Furumoto, Jun-ichi/E-8676-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 13RY 10COR]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0210] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project 2311IN as LRIR 13RY 10COR. The work of A. Nehorai was supported by AFOSR Grant FA9550-11-1-0210. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1109/TSP.2013.2284758 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 297YM UT WOS:000330291000008 ER PT J AU Corley, CA Guenthner, AJ Sahagun, CM Lamison, KR Reams, JT Hassan, MK Morgan, SE Iacono, ST Mabry, JM AF Corley, Cynthia A. Guenthner, Andrew J. Sahagun, Christopher M. Lamison, Kevin R. Reams, Josiah T. Hassan, Mohammad K. Morgan, Sarah E. Iacono, Scott T. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Di(cyanate Ester) Networks Based on Alternative Fluorinated Bisphenols with Extremely Low Water Uptake SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DICYANATE ESTER; POLYMER; RESINS; AF; STABILITY AB A new polycyanurate network exhibiting extremely low moisture uptake has been produced via the treatment of perfluorocyclobutane-containing Bisphenol T with cyanogen bromide and subsequent thermal cyclotrimerization. The water uptake, at 0.56 +/- 0.10% after immersion in water at 85 degrees C for 96 h, represents some of the most promising moisture resistance observed to date in polycyanurate networks. This excellent performance derives from a near optimal value of the glass transition at 190 degrees C at full cure. Superior dielectric loss characteristics compared to commercial polycyanurate networks based on Bisphenol E were also observed. Polycyanurate networks derived from this new monomer appear particularly well. suited. for applications such. as radomes and spacecrafts where polycyanurates are already widely recognized as providing outstanding properties. C1 [Corley, Cynthia A.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sahagun, Christopher M.] Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lamison, Kevin R.; Reams, Josiah T.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Hassan, Mohammad K.; Morgan, Sarah E.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39046 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX All authors acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support. C.M.S. received funding through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. The authors thank Dr. Benjamin Harvey of the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, for helpful discussions. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 3 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1021/mz400520s PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 296SC UT WOS:000330204700023 ER PT J AU Beyersdorf, AJ Timko, MT Ziemba, LD Bulzan, D Corporan, E Herndon, SC Howard, R Miake-Lye, R Thornhill, KL Winstead, E Wey, C Yu, Z Anderson, BE AF Beyersdorf, A. J. Timko, M. T. Ziemba, L. D. Bulzan, D. Corporan, E. Herndon, S. C. Howard, R. Miake-Lye, R. Thornhill, K. L. Winstead, E. Wey, C. Yu, Z. Anderson, B. E. TI Reductions in aircraft particulate emissions due to the use of Fischer-Tropsch fuels SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTORS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; ENGINE; EXHAUST; SOOT; DEPENDENCE; DENSITY AB The use of alternative fuels for aviation is likely to increase due to concerns over fuel security, price stability, and the sustainability of fuel sources. Concurrent reductions in particulate emissions from these alternative fuels are expected because of changes in fuel composition including reduced sulfur and aromatic content. The NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) was conducted in January-February 2009 to investigate the effects of synthetic fuels on gas-phase and particulate emissions. Standard petroleum JP-8 fuel, pure synthetic fuels produced from natural gas and coal feedstocks using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, and 50% blends of both fuels were tested in the CFM-56 engines on a DC-8 aircraft. To examine plume chemistry and particle evolution with time, samples were drawn from inlet probes positioned 1, 30, and 145 m downstream of the aircraft engines. No significant alteration to engine performance was measured when burning the alternative fuels. However, leaks in the aircraft fuel system were detected when operated with the pure FT fuels as a result of the absence of aromatic compounds in the fuel. Dramatic reductions in soot emissions were measured for both the pure FT fuels (reductions in mass of 86 % averaged over all powers) and blended fuels (66 %) relative to the JP-8 baseline with the largest reductions at idle conditions. At 7 % power, this corresponds to a reduction from 7.6 mg kg(-1) for JP-8 to 1.2 mg kg(-1) for the natural gas FT fuel. At full power, soot emissions were reduced from 103 to 24 mg kg(-1) (JP-8 and natural gas FT, respectively). The alternative fuels also produced smaller soot (e. g., at 85 % power, volume mean diameters were reduced from 78 nm for JP-8 to 51 nm for the natural gas FT fuel), which may reduce their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The reductions in particulate emissions are expected for all alternative fuels with similar reductions in fuel sulfur and aromatic content regardless of the feedstock. As the plume cools downwind of the engine, nucleation-mode aerosols form. For the pure FT fuels, reductions (94 % averaged over all powers) in downwind particle number emissions were similar to those measured at the exhaust plane (84 %). However, the blended fuels had less of a reduction (reductions of 30-44 %) than initially measured (64 %). The likely explanation is that the reduced soot emissions in the blended fuel exhaust plume results in promotion of new particle formation microphysics, rather than coating on pre-existing soot particles, which is dominant in the JP-8 exhaust plume. Downwind particle volume emissions were reduced for both the pure (79 and 86 % reductions) and blended FT fuels (36 and 46 %) due to the large reductions in soot emissions. In addition, the alternative fuels had reduced particulate sulfate production (near zero for FT fuels) due to decreased fuel sulfur content. To study the formation of volatile aerosols (defined as any aerosol formed as the plume ages) in more detail, tests were performed at varying ambient temperatures (-4 to 20 degrees C). At idle, particle number and volume emissions were reduced linearly with increasing ambient temperature, with best fit slopes corresponding to -8 x 10(14) particles (kg fuel)(-1) degrees C-1 for particle number emissions and -10 mm(3) (kg fuel)(-1) degrees C-1 for particle volume emissions. The temperature dependency of aerosol formation can have large effects on local air quality surrounding airports in cold regions. Aircraft-produced aerosols in these regions will be much larger than levels expected based solely on measurements made directly at the engine exit plane. The majority (90 % at idle) of the volatile aerosol mass formed as nucleation-mode aerosols, with a smaller fraction as a soot coating. Conversion efficiencies of up to 2.8 % were measured for the partitioning of gas-phase precursors (unburned hydrocarbons and SO2) to form volatile aerosols. Highest conversion efficiencies were measured at 45 % power. C1 [Beyersdorf, A. J.; Ziemba, L. D.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Timko, M. T.; Herndon, S. C.; Miake-Lye, R.; Yu, Z.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Bulzan, D.; Wey, C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Corporan, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Howard, R.] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. [Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Beyersdorf, AJ (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. EM andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program and Subsonic Fixed Wing Project; NASA Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility; entire AAFEX science team FX We would like to thank the sponsorship of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program and Subsonic Fixed Wing Project, the support of the NASA Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility, and the entire AAFEX science team. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.5194/acp-14-11-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600002 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Yin, CR Mehmood, F Liu, B Greeley, J Lee, S Lee, B Seifert, S Winans, RE Teschner, D Schlogl, R Vajda, S Curtiss, LA AF Cheng, Lei Yin, Chunrong Mehmood, Faisal Liu, Bin Greeley, Jeffrey Lee, Sungsik Lee, Byeongdu Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall E. Teschner, Detre Schloegl, Robert Vajda, Stefan Curtiss, Larry A. TI Reaction Mechanism for Direct Propylene Epoxidation by Alumina-Supported Silver Aggregates: The Role of the Particle/Support Interface SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE propylene epoxidation; silver aggregates; density functional theory; grazing incidence X-ray scattering; assembly of size-selected clusters; temperature programmed reaction; X-ray absorption; interface ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAS SHIFT REACTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; ETHYLENE EPOXIDATION; AU NANOPARTICLES; CO OXIDATION; PROPENE EPOXIDATION; SURFACE SCIENCE; IN-SITU AB Subnanometer Ag aggregates on alumina supports have been found to be active toward direct propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide by molecular oxygen at low temperatures, with a negligible amount of carbon dioxide formation (Science 2010, 328, 224,). In this work, we computationally and experimentally investigate the origin of the high reactivity of the subnanometer Ag aggregates. Computationally, we study O-2 dissociation and propylene epoxidation on unsupported Ago and Ag2O clusters, as well as alumina-supported Ago. The O-2 dissociation and propylene epwddation apparent barriers at the interface between the Ag aggregate and the alumina support are calculated to be 0.2 and 0.2-0.4 eV, respectively. These barriers are somewhat lower than those on sites away from the interface. The mechanism at the interface is similar to what was previously found for the silver trimer on alumina and can account for the high activity observed for the direct oxidation of propylene on the Ag aggregates. The barriers for oxygen dissociation on these model systems both at the interface and on the surfaces are small compared to crystalline surfaces, indicating that availability of oxygen will not be a rate limiting step for the aggregates, as in the case of the crystalline surfaces. Experimentally, we investigate Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD)-supported silver aggregates under reactive conditions of propylene partial oxidation. The UNCD-supported Ag clusters are found to be not measurably active toward propylene oxidation, in contrast to the alumina supported Ag clusters. This suggests that the lack of metal-oxide interfacial sites of the Ag-UNCD catalyst limits the epoxidation catalytic activity. This combined computational and experimental study shows the importance of the metal-oxide interface as well as the noncrystalline nature of the alumina-supported subnanometer Ag aggregate catalysts for propylene epoxidation. C1 [Cheng, Lei; Yin, Chunrong; Vajda, Stefan; Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Bin; Greeley, Jeffrey; Vajda, Stefan; Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Sungsik; Lee, Byeongdu; Seifert, Soenke; Winans, Randall E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mehmood, Faisal] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Greeley, Jeffrey] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Teschner, Detre; Schloegl, Robert] Fritz Haber Inst, Abt Inorgan Chem, D-14915 Berlin, Germany. [Vajda, Stefan] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM curtiss@anl.gov RI Yin, Chunrong/F-8802-2012; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE Early Career Award from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division FX This work was supported by BES-Materials Sciences and use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. J.G. acknowledges a DOE Early Career Award from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. The authors acknowledge the use of Argonne Advanced Photon Source (the I2-ID-B beamline) and Michael Havecker for providing some reference Al K-edge spectra. The computational work was performed using facilities of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne, and EMSL located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 13 U2 133 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1021/cs4009368 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 286ME UT WOS:000329472600006 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Burkey, KO Jackson, WA Vu, HB McGrath, MT Harvey, G AF Grantz, D. A. Burkey, K. O. Jackson, W. A. Vu, H. -B. McGrath, M. T. Harvey, G. TI Perchlorate content of plant foliage reflects a wide range of species-dependent accumulation but not ozone-induced biosynthesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ClO4-; Perchlorate; Gas exchange; Air pollution; Oxidants; Crop contamination; Ozone; O-3 ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; LETTUCE; IDENTIFICATION; FERTILIZERS; OXIDATION; CHLORINE; NITRATE; ORIGIN AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) interferes with uptake of iodide in humans. Emission inventories do not explain observed distributions. Ozone (03) is implicated in the natural origin of ClO4-, and has increased since preindustrial times. O-3 produces ClO4- in vitro from Cl-, and plant tissues contain Cl- and redox reactions. We hypothesize that O-3 exposure may induce plant synthesis of ClO4-. We exposed contrasting crop species to environmentally relevant O-3 concentrations. In the absence of O-3 exposure, species exhibited a large range of ClO4- accumulation but there was no relationship between leaf ClO4- and O-3, whether expressed as exposure or cumulative flux (dose). Older, senescing leaves accumulated more ClO4- than younger leaves. O-3 exposed vegetation is not a source of environmental ClO4-. There was evidence of enhanced ClO4- content in the soil surface at the highest O-3 exposure, which could be a significant contributor to environmental ClO4-. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Keamey Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Burkey, K. O.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jackson, W. A.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McGrath, M. T.] Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY USA. [Harvey, G.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Keamey Agr Ctr, 9240 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dagrantz@ucanr.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 184 SI SI BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.048 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285TZ UT WOS:000329419200088 PM 23642565 ER PT J AU Hu, X Patnaik, SS AF Hu, Xin Patnaik, Soumya S. TI Modeling phase change material in micro-foam under constant temperature condition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Phase change material; Micro-foam structure; Direct numerical simulation; Volume-averaged simulation ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; METAL FOAMS; CARBON FOAMS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; STORAGE; PCM AB Heat transfer of phase change material (PCM) in an open cell micro-foam structure was numerically studied. A high constant temperature was specified at the top surface of the structure. Each unit of the micro-foam is a body-centered-cubic (BCC) lattice embedded with spherical micro-pores. Two different simulation methodologies were applied. One is the high-fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS), which allows for the effective thermo-physical parameters to be derived. The other methodology is a volume-averaged simulation based on one- and two-temperature models. Our results show that the volume-averaged simulation can accurately and efficiently capture the phase change process in PCM/micro-foam systems, with the effective thermal conductivity derived from direct simulations and expressed as a power law of porosity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hu, Xin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hu, Xin; Patnaik, Soumya S.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Patnaik, SS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Thermal & Mech Branch, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM xin.hu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; soumya.patnaik.1@us.af.mil FU AFRL/RZPS [FA8650-04-D-2404, DO 04] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center for the computer time. One of the authors, Dr. Xin Hu acknowledges the financial support of AFRL/RZPS Contract No. FA8650-04-D-2404, DO 04. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.09.054 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 283OL UT WOS:000329256500066 ER PT J AU Virgin, LN Wiebe, R Spottswood, SM Eason, TG AF Virgin, L. N. Wiebe, R. Spottswood, S. M. Eason, T. G. TI Sensitivity in the structural behavior of shallow arches SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Structural mechanics; Snap-through budding; Thermo-mechanical coupling; Experimental mechanics ID DYNAMIC STABILITY BOUNDARIES; CIRCULAR ARCHES; SNAP-THROUGH; LOADS AB It is well established that certain structural buckling problems are extremely sensitive to small changes in configuration: geometric imperfections, load application, symmetry, boundary conditions, etc. This paper considers the behavior of a very shallow arch under lateral point loading, and specifically under the influence of changes in the thermal environment. In some ways the system under study is especially sensitive since small changes influence whether the arch 'snaps-through' or not. The experimental results provide insight into the challenges of understanding the behavior of these types of structural components in a practical, and thus necessarily imperfect, situation. The focus is on static loading or at least quasi-static loading, in which loading occurs on a slow time scale. This study also acts as a backdrop for studying the dynamic behavior of shallow arches, an area of concern in the context of aerospace structural components. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Virgin, L. N.; Wiebe, R.] Duke Univ, Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Spottswood, S. M.; Eason, T. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Struct Sci Ctr, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Virgin, LN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM l.virgin@duke.edu; rw75@duke.edu; stephen.spottswood.1@us.af.mil; thomas.eason.3@us.af.mil FU UTC [12-S2603-04-C21] FX The authors acknowledge the support of UTC contract 12-S2603-04-C21, and the use of AFRL facilities at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. The DIC and temperature data acquisition was assisted by David Ehrhardt, Tim Beberniss and Joe Hollkamp. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 EI 1878-5638 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 58 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2013.10.003 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 285UO UT WOS:000329420700021 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Tripp, MS Dell, TG Bennett, JW Ahluwalia, JS Tamminga, C Baldwin, JC Starr, CR Grinkemeyer, MD Dempsey, MP AF Maves, Ryan C. Tripp, Michael S. Dell, Trevor G. Bennett, Jason W. Ahluwalia, Jaspal S. Tamminga, Cindy Baldwin, James C. Starr, Clarise Rivera Grinkemeyer, Michael D. Dempsey, Michael P. TI Disseminated vaccine-strain varicella as initial presentation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Varicella; Varicella vaccine; HIV-1; AIDS; Operation Enduring Freedom ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; KILLER T-CELLS; ZOSTER-VIRUS; CHILD; IMMUNITY AB Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections have declined in many industrialized countries due to vaccination with the attenuated Oka strain virus. Rare cases of severe, disseminated vaccine-strain VZV infection have occurred in the immunocompromised, although rarely in HIV-infected persons. We describe a man with previously-undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who received VZV vaccination and subsequently presented to a combat hospital in Afghanistan with disseminated varicella, respiratory failure, and sepsis. The patient recovered with ventilator and hemodynamic support, intravenous acyclovir, and empiric antibiotic therapy. DNA sequencing detected Oka strain virus from patient blood specimens. Although safe in most populations, the VZV vaccine may cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. Improved detection of HIV infection may be useful in preventing such cases. C1 [Maves, Ryan C.; Tripp, Michael S.; Tamminga, Cindy; Dempsey, Michael P.] NATO Role 3 Multinatl Med Unit, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan. [Maves, Ryan C.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Maves, Ryan C.; Tripp, Michael S.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Dell, Trevor G.; Bennett, Jason W.; Ahluwalia, Jaspal S.] 82nd Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Bennett, Jason W.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Mil Malaria Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ahluwalia, Jaspal S.] US Army, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Tamminga, Cindy] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Baldwin, James C.; Starr, Clarise Rivera; Grinkemeyer, Michael D.; Dempsey, Michael P.] US Air Force, Appl Technol Ctr, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maves, RC (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ryan.maves@med.navy.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.027 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 285QM UT WOS:000329408700012 PM 24257110 ER PT J AU Tharin, BD Kini, JA York, GE Ritter, JL AF Tharin, Baxter D. Kini, Jonathan A. York, Gerald E. Ritter, John L. TI Brachial Plexopathy: A Review of Traumatic and Nontraumatic Causes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anatomy; brachial plexus; imaging findings; injury; neuropathies ID PLEXUS AB OBJECTIVE. This article reviews brachial plexus anatomy in the context of key landmarks, illustrates common findings of traumatic and nontraumatic causes of brachial plexopathies, describes symptoms associated with these maladies, and explains how proper diagnosis impacts clinical decisions. CONCLUSION. Knowledge of brachial plexus anatomy and of the imaging sequelae of traumatic and nontraumatic plexopathies enables the radiologist to more easily identify these afflictions, thereby facilitating a multidisciplinary treatment plan and improving patient outcome. C1 [Tharin, Baxter D.; Kini, Jonathan A.; York, Gerald E.; Ritter, John L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tharin, BD (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd N, Nellis Afb, NV 89191 USA. EM baxter.tharin@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X EI 1546-3141 J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 202 IS 1 BP W67 EP W75 DI 10.2214/AJR.12.9554 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 281PH UT WOS:000329113000009 PM 24370167 ER PT J AU Schuren, JC Wong, SL Dawson, PR Miller, MP AF Schuren, Jay C. Wong, Su L. Dawson, Paul R. Miller, Matthew P. TI Integrating experiments and simulations to estimate uncertainty in lattice strain measurements SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Lattice strains; X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation; uncertainty; mechanical testing; crystal-based simulations ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL ELASTIC-MODULI; STAINLESS-STEEL; SINGLE-GRAIN; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; POLYCRYSTAL; DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION; STRESSES AB The investigation of lattice strains has proven to be a viable method for probing the crystal level stress state in deforming polycrystalline samples. Building on the recent availability of high-rate X-ray detectors, we have developed a new technique that combines diffraction data with crystal-based finite element simulations to estimate the lattice strain uncertainty for each measurement. To estimate the uncertainty, we combine the probable number of crystals expected for each measurement with the simulated lattice strain standard deviation. Under this framework, the uncertainty is related not just to the number of diffracting crystals but also to the variability in the lattice strain between these crystals. An estimate of uncertainty for each measurement enables both the investigation of previously inaccessible phenomena where the lattice strain evolution is expectantly small and the application of lattice strain measurement techniques to materials with more complex microstructures. The new approach was demonstrated for an aluminum alloy 7075-T6 sample undergoing uniaxial tensile loading. C1 [Schuren, Jay C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wong, Su L.; Dawson, Paul R.; Miller, Matthew P.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schuren, JC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jay.schuren@wpafb.af.mil RI Miller, Matthew/D-7903-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0168]; National Science Foundation [DMR-02251.80] FX This work was supported financially by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant/contract number FA9550-06-1-0168 (Dr Victor Gigiurgiutiu, program manager). This work is based upon research conducted at the Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation under award DMR-02251.80 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 EI 2041-3130 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1177/0309324713492325 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 282IY UT WOS:000329165700004 ER PT J AU Gudimetla, VSR Holmes, RB Riker, JF AF Gudimetla, V. S. Rao Holmes, Richard B. Riker, Jim F. TI Analytical expressions for the log-amplitude correlation function for spherical wave propagation through anisotropic non-Kolmogorov atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE TURBULENCE; PLANE-WAVE AB An analytical expression for the log-amplitude correlation function based on the Rytov approximation is derived for spherical wave propagation through an anisotropic non-Kolmogorov refractive turbulent atmosphere. The expression reduces correctly to the previously published analytic expressions for the case of spherical wave propagation through isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence. These results agree well with a wave-optics simulation based on the more general Fresnel approximation, as well as with numerical evaluations, for low-to-moderate strengths of turbulence. These results are useful for understanding the potential impact of deviations from the standard isotropic Kolmogorov spectrum. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Gudimetla, V. S. Rao] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Holmes, Richard B.] Boeing LTS, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Riker, Jim F.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87011 USA. RP Gudimetla, VSR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Det 15,535 Lipoa Pkwy,200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. FU AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research) FX This work was funded as a Laboratory Research Initiation Request by AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research) to Rao Gudimetla as principal investigator. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Defense or its components. We greatly appreciate the super-computer resources at Maui High Performance Computer Center used for this paper. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.000148 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 280ND UT WOS:000329036300020 PM 24561950 ER PT J AU Sanger, NT Montgomery, MT Smith, RK Bell, MM AF Sanger, Neil T. Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. Bell, Michael M. TI An Observational Study of Tropical Cyclone Spinup in Supertyphoon Jangmi (2008) from 24 to 27 September SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; Boundary layer; Hurricanes; typhoons; Dropsondes; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; INTENSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; CORE; CYCLOGENESIS AB An observational study of tropical cyclone intensification is performed using dropsondes, in situ flight-level data, satellite imagery, and Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) during the spinup of Tropical Storm Jangmi (2008) in the western North Pacific. This event was observed with research aircraft during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment over the course of 3 days as Jangmi intensified rapidly from a tropical storm to a supertyphoon. The dropsonde analysis indicates that the peak azimuthally averaged storm-relative tangential wind speed occurs persistently within the boundary layer throughout the spinup period and suggests that significant supergradient winds are present near and just within the radius of maximum tangential winds. An examination of the ELDORA data in Tropical Storm Jangmi reveals multiple rotating updrafts near the developing eye beneath cold cloud top temperatures -65 degrees C. In particular, there is a 12-km-wide, upright updraft with a peak velocity of 9 m s(-1) with collocated strong low-level (z < 2 km) convergence of 2 x 10(-3) s(-1) and intense relative vorticity of 4 x 10(-3) s(-1). The analysis of the corresponding infrared satellite imagery suggests that vortical updrafts are common before and during rapid intensification. The findings of this study support a recent paradigm of tropical cyclone intensification in which rotating convective clouds are important elements in the spinup process. In a system-scale view of this process, the maximum tangential wind is found within the boundary layer, where the tangential wind becomes supergradient before the air ascends into the eyewall updraft. C1 [Sanger, Neil T.] US Air Force Weather, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Bell, Michael M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sanger, NT (reprint author), US Air Force Global Strike Command, 245 Davis Ave East,Suite 151, Barksdale AFB, LA 71111 USA. EM neil.sanger@us.af.mil RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, the Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Science Foundation [TCS08/TPARC] FX We are grateful to the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, the Office of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129), and the National Science Foundation for sponsoring the TCS08/TPARC field experiment, supporting our participation in the experiment, and facilitating our analysis of the data. We thank Peter Black at the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey and Russ Elsberry, Frank Giraldo, and Pat Harr at Naval Postgraduate School for their helpful comments. We express our gratitude also to NOAA/HRD for providing the Willoughby and Chelmow (1982) derived storm centers for Jangmi. We extend our appreciation to NCAR/EOL for providing the quality controlled drop-sonde and NRL P-3 flight-level data for analysis. Last, we would like to offer our sincere thanks to the brave NRL P-3 and WC-130J "Hurricane Hunter'' aircrews that courageously flew into these tropical tempests to collect data so that we may better understand the spinup process. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00306.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200001 ER PT J AU Clark, MD Jespersen, ML Patel, RJ Leever, BJ AF Clark, Michael D. Jespersen, Michael L. Patel, Romesh J. Leever, Benjamin J. TI Ultra-thin alumina layer encapsulation of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics for enhanced device lifetime SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Organic photovoltaic; Atomic layer deposition; Encapsulation coating; Device lifetime ID SOLAR-CELLS; DEPOSITION AB Successful organic photovoltaic (OPV) device fabrication is contingent on selecting an effective encapsulation barrier layer to preserve device functionality by inhibiting atmosphere-induced degradation. In this work, ultra-thin AlOx layers are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to encapsulate pre-fabricated OPV devices. A summary of ALD recipe effects (temperature, cycling time, and number of cycles) on AlOx film growth and device longevity is presented. First, AlOx film growth on the hydrophobic OPV surface is shown to occur by a 3D island growth mechanism with distinct nucleation and cluster growth regions before coalescence of a complete encapsulation layer with a thickness >= 7 nm by 500 cycles. Encapsulated device performance testing further demonstrates that reducing ALD processing temperature to 100 degrees C minimizes OPV phase segregation and surface oxidation loss mechanisms as evidenced by improved short circuit current and fill factor retention when compared with the conventional 140-150 degrees C range. Ultra-thin AlOx encapsulation by ALD provides significant device lifetime enhancement (similar to 30% device efficiency after 2000 h of air exposure), which is well beyond other ALD-based encapsulation works reported in the literature. Furthermore, the interfacial bonding strength at the OPV-AlOx interface is shown to play a crucial role in determining film failure mode and therefore, directly impacts ultimate device lifetime. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Clark, Michael D.; Patel, Romesh J.; Leever, Benjamin J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, Michael D.; Patel, Romesh J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank S. Apt and K. Mahalingam for their assistance with FIB processing and TEM imaging. This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 EI 1878-5530 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.10.014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 277YS UT WOS:000328855800001 ER PT J AU Hu, Z Qiu, RC Browning, JP Wicks, MC AF Hu, Zhen Qiu, Robert C. Browning, James P. Wicks, Michael C. TI A Novel Single-Step Approach for Self-Coherent Tomography Using Semidefinite Relaxation SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Convex optimization; inverse scattering; phase retrieval; relaxation; self-coherent tomography; semidefinite programming (SDP); wireless tomography ID RYTOV ITERATIVE METHOD; INVERSE SCATTERING; PHASELESS DATA; TOTAL FIELD AB This letter presents a novel single-step approach for self-coherent tomography using semidefinite relaxation. Phase retrieval for scattered fields is not required. The general solver can be used to solve the corresponding convex optimization problem and image the target. Both man-made and experimental data is exploited to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. The imaging results illustrate the benefit of bringing the state-of-the-art mathematics to inverse scattering or diffraction tomography. C1 [Hu, Zhen; Qiu, Robert C.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cognit Radio Inst, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Browning, James P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] Univ Dayton, Sensor Syst Div, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hu, Z (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cognit Radio Inst, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM zhu@tntech.edu; rqiu@tntech.edu; James.Browning@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Wicks@udri.udayton.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901420, ECCS-0821658, CNS-1247778]; Office of Naval Research [N00010-10-1-0810, N00014-11-1-0006]; U.S. Air Office of Scientific Research Subcontract (RNET Technologies, Inc.) on the Center for Innovative Radar Engineering Contract [FA8650-10-D-1750]; Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0901420, Grant ECCS-0821658, and Grant CNS-1247778, the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00010-10-1-0810 and Grant N00014-11-1-0006, and the U.S. Air Office of Scientific Research Subcontract through the prime contractor (RNET Technologies, Inc.) on the Center for Innovative Radar Engineering Contract FA8650-10-D-1750 with Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2248117 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 275SS UT WOS:000328698400024 ER PT J AU Armani, CJ Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Hay, RS Fair, GE Keller, KA AF Armani, C. J. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Hay, R. S. Fair, G. E. Keller, K. A. TI Creep of polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) at elevated temperature in air and in steam SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE YAG; SiO2 doping; Creep; High-temperature properties ID NEXTEL(TM)720/ALUMINA CERAMIC COMPOSITE; +/-45-DEGREES FIBER ORIENTATION; SOL-GEL PRECURSOR; 1200 DEGREES-C; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MATRIX COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENT; DIFFUSION AB Compressive creep of high-purity polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) was investigated at 1300 degrees C and 50-200 MPa in air and in steam. Compressive creep behavior of silicadoped polycrystalline YAG (Y3Al5O12-0.14 wt% SiO2) was also studied. Creep specimens were microstructurally characterized by optical microscopy and TEM before and after creep. Steam slightly increased creep rates of material with grain size less than 1 mu m (the undoped YAG), but otherwise had little effect. The flow stress exponent was n approximate to 1 for both SiO2-doped YAG and undoped YAG. Creep rates and microstructural observations are consistent with the Nabarro-Herring creep mechanism, with creep rate limited by lattice diffusion of yttrium cations (Y3+). Silica-doped YAG had a larger grain size of 2.41 pm and lower creep rates than undoped YAG with 0.92 pm grain size. However, creep rates normalized by grain size for Nabarro-Herring creep were higher in SiO2-doped YAG. Possible effects of SiO2 doping and steam on creep of YAG are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Armani, C. J.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keller, K. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 589 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.083 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 273FX UT WOS:000328521800016 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Varshney, V Gengler, JJ Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Roy, AK Farmer, BL Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, Chris Varshney, Vikas Gengler, Jamie J. Hu, Jianjun Bultman, John E. Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Thermal anisotropy in nano-crystalline MoS2 thin films SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BORON-NITRIDE; OXYGEN SUBSTITUTION; PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE; LAYER MOS2; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORT AB In this work, we grow thin MoS2 films (50-150 nm) uniformly over large areas (>1 cm(2)) with strong basal plane (002) or edge plane (100) orientations to characterize thermal anisotropy. Measurement results are correlated with molecular dynamics simulations of thermal transport for perfect and defective MoS2 crystals. The correlation between predicted (simulations) and measured (experimental) thermal conductivity are attributed to factors such as crystalline domain orientation and size, thereby demonstrating the importance of thermal boundary scattering in limiting thermal conductivity in nano-crystalline MoS2 thin films. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cross-plane thermal conductivity of the films is strongly impacted by exposure to ambient humidity. C1 [Muratore, Chris] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Muratore, Chris; Varshney, Vikas; Gengler, Jamie J.; Hu, Jianjun; Bultman, John E.; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hu, Jianjun; Bultman, John E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM cmuratore1@udayton.edu; vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Thermal Sciences Program FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Thermal Sciences Program. CM thanks Advanced Energy Industries Inc. for providing a power supply used for materials processing. The authors also thank Prof. D. G. Cahill, Prof. W. P. King and their former student Ryan McLaren at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and T. S. Fisher at Purdue University for insightful discussions and collaborative efforts associated with this work. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 90 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1008 EP 1014 DI 10.1039/c3cp53746c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 274ZE UT WOS:000328643900022 PM 24281390 ER PT J AU Cortes, P Terzak, J Kubas, G Phillips, D Baur, JW AF Cortes, P. Terzak, J. Kubas, G. Phillips, D. Baur, J. W. TI The morphing properties of a vascular shape memory composite SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory metals; shape memory polymers; shape memory composites; adaptive structures; morphing structures ID SMA; FABRICATION; ACTUATORS AB This work investigates the fabrication, experimentation, testing, and modeling of shape memory composites consisting of two-way shape memory alloy (SMA) tubes embedded in a shape memory polymer (SMP) matrix. The hybrid system here investigated is thermally activated via internal transport of thermal fluids through the SMA vascular system. The resulting shape memory composite (SMC) combines the high modulus and high specific actuation force of SMAs with the strong shape fixing and variable stiffness of SMPs to create a light-weight composite capable of controllably and rapidly achieving two shape memory states. Specifically, a 25 degrees thermally induced out-of-plane bending state is achieved with a 2% volume fraction of SMA in the composite after 2 min of being activated by an internal thermal fluid. Here, while the thermal structural design of the SMC was not optimized and the thermal cycling was significantly restricted by the low thermal conduction of the SMP, the deflection of the composite was within 20% of the expected value modeled by the thermal-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) here performed. The close agreement between the experimental performance and the modeled composite response suggests that morphing composites based on SMAs and SMPs are promising structures for adaptive applications. C1 [Cortes, P.; Terzak, J.; Kubas, G.] Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Cortes, P.; Terzak, J.; Phillips, D.; Baur, J. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cortes, P (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM pcortes@ysu.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 AR 015018 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/23/1/015018 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 273YA UT WOS:000328571000020 ER PT S AU Yu, HL Keshavamurthy, S Bai, H Sheorey, S Nguyen, H Taylor, CN AF Yu, Huili Keshavamurthy, Shalini Bai, He Sheorey, Sameer Nguyen, Hieu Taylor, Clark N. GP IEEE TI Uncertainty Estimation for Random Sample Consensus SO 2014 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV) SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV) CY DEC 10-12, 2014 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID VISION AB The RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, as a robust parameter estimator, has been widely used to remove gross errors. However, there is less work on analyzing the uncertainty produced by the RANSAC. This paper fills this gap by presenting an uncertainty estimation algorithm for the RANSAC. Based on a thorough analysis on the uncertainty of the model parameters generated during the random hypothesis sampling process of the RANSAC, we derive the probability that each hypothesis is selected as the best hypothesis by the RANSAC. Using the probability of the best hypothesis, we characterize the error expectation and error covariance of the model parameter estimates and compute the probability of each data point being an inlier. Three models including line fitting, homography, and essential matrix are used to evaluate the performance of the uncertainty estimation algorithm. Results demonstrate that the uncertainty produced by the RANSAC is characterized successfully by the proposed algorithm. C1 [Yu, Huili; Keshavamurthy, Shalini; Bai, He; Sheorey, Sameer; Nguyen, Hieu] UtopiaCompression Corp, 11150 W Olymp Blvd 820, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yu, HL (reprint author), UtopiaCompression Corp, 11150 W Olymp Blvd 820, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. EM huiliyu.yhl@gmail.com; clark.taylor.3@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-13-M-1701]; UtopiaCompression Corporation FX This research was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract FA8650-13-M-1701 with UtopiaCompression Corporation. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4799-5199-4 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2014 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BG9LM UT WOS:000393395800070 ER PT S AU Li, H Liu, XX Mao, MJ Chen, YR Wu, Q Barnell, M AF Li, Hai Liu, Xiaoxiao Mao, Mengjie Chen, Yiran Wu, Qing Barnell, Mark GP IEEE TI Neuromorphic Hardware Acceleration Enabled by Emerging Technologies (Invited Paper) SO 2014 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ISIC) SE International Symposium on Integrated Circuits LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC) CY DEC 10-12, 2014 CL Marina Bay Sands, SINGAPORE SP IEEE SINGAPORE SECT, NANYANG TECH UNIV DE memristor; crossbar array; analog design; network-on-chip; neuromorphic computing AB The explosion of big data applications imposes severe challenges of data processing speed and scalability on traditional computer systems. However, the performance of the von Neumann machine is greatly hindered by the increasing performance gap between CPU and memory, motivating the active research on new or alternative computing architectures. As one important instance, neuromorphic computing systems inspired by the working mechanism of human brains have gained considerable attention. In this work, we propose a heterogeneous computing system with neuromorphic computing accelerators (NCAs) that are built with emerging memristor technology. In the proposed system, NCA is designed to speed up the artificial neural network (ANN) executions in many high-performance applications by leveraging the extremely efficient mixed-signal computation capability of nanoscale memristor-based crossbar (MBC) arrays. The hierarchical MBC arrays of the NCA can be flexibly configured to different ANN topologies through the help of an analog Network-on-Chip (A-NoC). A general approach which translates the target codes within a program to the corresponding NCA instructions is also developed to facilitate the utilization of the NCA. Our simulation results show that compared to the baseline general purpose processor, the proposed heterogeneous system can achieve on average 18.2x performance speedup and 20.1x energy reduction over nine representative applications while constraining the computation accuracy degradation within an acceptable range. C1 [Li, Hai; Liu, Xiaoxiao; Mao, Mengjie; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wu, Qing; Barnell, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM hal66@pitt.edu; xill16@pitt.edu; mem231@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.ed; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; mark.barnell@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-0631 BN 978-1-4799-4833-8 J9 INT SYMP INTEGR CIRC PY 2014 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2CZ UT WOS:000380456800008 ER PT S AU Hendrix, RM Jones, HR Fosnight, A Shaver, R Best, E Shockey, B Coutu, RA Langley, D Starman, LA Deibel, JA AF Hendrix, R. M. Jones, H. R. Fosnight, A. Shaver, R. Best, E. Shockey, B. Coutu, R. A. Langley, D. Starman, L. A. Deibel, J. A. GP IEEE TI Bending Induced Tuning of the Resonant Response of a Flexible THz Metamaterial Device SO 2014 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL Tucson, AZ SP THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter & Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci & Technol, Army Res Off AB The effects of bending a 2-dimensional planar array of rectangular split-ring resonators (SRRs) is observed by mounting the array to varying diameter HDPE cylinders. By studying the transmission of pulsed THz light through the SRR-cylinder system, it shown that the resonant frequency and response of the arrays are tunable as a function of the radius of curvature. C1 [Hendrix, R. M.; Jones, H. R.; Fosnight, A.; Shaver, R.; Best, E.; Shockey, B.; Deibel, J. A.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Coutu, R. A.; Langley, D.; Starman, L. A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hendrix, RM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4799-3877-3 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BF0IL UT WOS:000378889200192 ER PT S AU Vangala, S Tassev, V Kimani, M Snure, M Mann, M Peterson, R AF Vangala, S. Tassev, V. Kimani, M. Snure, M. Mann, M. Peterson, R. GP IEEE TI Development of Thick Orientation Patterned GaP for Frequency Conversion in the Mid IR and THz Region SO 2014 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL Tucson, AZ SP THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter & Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci & Technol, Army Res Off ID GROWTH; GAAS AB Hydride vapor phase epitaxial growth of thick GaP was performed on plain substrates and on half-patterned templates in order to determine the favorable pattern orientations and the optimal growth conditions for thick device quality orientation patterned GaP. Initial optical characterization and testing of frequency conversion in the grown OPGaP are in progress. C1 [Vangala, S.; Tassev, V.; Kimani, M.; Snure, M.; Mann, M.; Peterson, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, S.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Vangala, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4799-3877-3 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BF0IL UT WOS:000378889200115 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Garcia, E Casbeer, DW AF Pachter, Meir Garcia, Eloy Casbeer, David W. GP IEEE TI Active Target Defense Differential Game SO 2014 52ND ANNUAL ALLERTON CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, AND COMPUTING (ALLERTON) SE Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing Allerton CY OCT 01-03, 2014 CL Monticello, IL ID AIRCRAFT PROTECTION; HOMING MISSILE; MOVING TARGET; STRATEGIES; GUIDANCE; PURSUIT; LINE AB A pursuit-evasion differential game involving three agents is discussed. This scenario considers an Attacker missile pursuing a Target aircraft. The Target is however aided by a Defender missile launched by, say, its wingman, to intercept the Attacker before it reaches the Target aircraft. Thus, a team is formed by the Target and the Defender which cooperate to maximize the distance between the Target aircraft and the point where the Attacker missile is intercepted by the Defender missile, and the Attacker which tries to minimize said distance. The solution to this differential game provides optimal heading angles for the Target and the Defender team to maximize the terminal separation between Target and Attacker and it also provides the optimal heading angle for the Attacker to minimize the said distance. C1 [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Garcia, Eloy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Infoscitex Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu; elgarcia@infoscitex.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-0195 BN 978-1-4799-8009-3 J9 ANN ALLERTON CONF PY 2014 BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1QA UT WOS:000380426900008 ER PT S AU Brown, AO Watson, KA Liu, JC Orabi, II Rencis, JJ Chen, CC Akasheh, F Wood, JJ Jackson, KS Hackett, RK Sargent, ER Dunlap, B Wejmar, CA Crawford, RH Jensen, DD AF Brown, Ashland O. Watson, Kyle A. Liu, Jiancheng Orabi, Ismail I. Rencis, Joseph J. Chen, Chuan-Chiang Akasheh, Firas Wood, John J. Jackson, Kathy Schmidt Hackett, Rachelle Kisst Sargent, Ella R. Dunlap, Brock Wejmar, Christopher Allen Crawford, Richard H. Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI Assessment of Finite Element Active Learning Modules: An Update in Research Findings SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE ID CURRICULUM AB The landscape of contemporary engineering education is ever changing, adapting and evolving. As an example, finite element theory and application has often been included in graduate-level courses in engineering programs; however, current industry needs bachelor's-level engineering graduates with skills in applying this essential analysis and design technique. Engineering education is also changing to include more active learning. In response to the need to introduce undergrads to the finite element method as well as the need for engineering curricula to include more active learning, we have developed, implemented and assessed a suite of Active Learning Module (ALMs). The ALMs are designed to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts while students gain essential knowledge of finite element analysis. We have used the Kolb Learning Cycle as a conceptual framework to guide our design of the ALMs. Originally developed using MSC Nastran, followed by development efforts in SolidWorks Simulation, ANSOFT, ANSYS, and other commercial FEA software packages, a team of researchers, with National Science Foundation support, have created over twenty-eight active learning modules. We will discuss the implementation of these learning modules which have been incorporated into undergraduate courses that cover topics such as machine design, mechanical vibrations, heat transfer, bioelectrical engineering, electromagnetic field analysis, structural fatigue analysis, computational fluid dynamics, rocket design, and chip formation during manufacturing, and large scale deformation in machining. This update on research findings includes statistical results for each module which compare performance on pre-and post-learning module quizzes to gauge change in student knowledge related to the difficult engineering concepts that each module addresses. Statistically significant student performance gains provide evidence of module effectiveness. In addition, we present statistical comparisons between different personality types (based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI, subgroups) and different learning styles (based on Felder-Solomon ILS subgroups) in regards to the average gains each group of students have made on quiz performance. Although exploratory, and generally based on small sample sizes at this point in our multi-year effort, the modules for which subgroup differences are found are being carefully reviewed in an attempt to determine whether modifications should be made to better ensure equitable impact of the modules across students from specific personality and / or learning styles subgroups (e.g., MBTI Intuitive versus Sensing; ILS Sequential versus Global). C1 [Brown, Ashland O.] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Brown, Ashland O.] Univ Pacific, Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Brown, Ashland O.; Watson, Kyle A.; Hackett, Rachelle Kisst; Sargent, Ella R.] Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Liu, Jiancheng] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Orabi, Ismail I.] Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Chen, Chuan-Chiang] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Akasheh, Firas] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wood, John J.; Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jackson, Kathy Schmidt] Penn State Univ, Schreyer Inst Teaching Excellence, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dunlap, Brock] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wejmar, Christopher Allen] Univ Pacific, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brown, AO (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 31 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XT UT WOS:000383779702062 ER PT S AU Brown, AO Jensen, DD Crawford, RH Rencis, JJ Sargent, ER Dunlap, BU Hackett, RK Jackson, KS Watson, KA Orabi, II Liu, JC Wood, JJ Wejmar, CA Schimpf, PH Chen, CC AF Brown, Ashland O. Jensen, Daniel D. Crawford, Richard H. Rencis, Joseph J. Sargent, Ella R. Dunlap, Brock U. Hackett, Rachelle Kisst Jackson, Kathy Schmidt Watson, Kyle A. Orabi, Ismail I. Liu, Jiancheng Wood, John J. Wejmar, Christopher Allen Schimpf, Paul Henry Chen, Chuan-Chiang GP ASEE TI Finite Element Active Learning Module Assessment of Student Improvement, Learning Styles, Gender Differences and Ethnic Differences SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE ID CURRICULUM AB The landscape of contemporary engineering education is ever changing, adapting and evolving. As an example, finite element theory and application has often been included in graduate-level courses in engineering programs; however, current industry needs bachelor's-level engineering graduates with skills in applying this essential analysis and design technique. Engineering education is also changing to include more active learning. In response to the need to introduce undergrads to the finite element method as well as the need for engineering curricula to include more active learning, we have developed, implemented and assessed a suite of Active Learning Module (ALMs). The ALMs are designed to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts while students gain essential knowledge of finite element analysis. As such, the ALMs guide the students through a process using commercial finite element software to solve a problem (or set of problems) in a particular area of engineering. Some overview of finite element theory is included. The active learning occurs when the students interact with the physics of the problem by developing and perturbing the model of the problem. Additional active learning is sometimes included through collaborative exercises using the ALM. We have used the Kolb Learning Cycle as a conceptual framework to guide our design of the ALMs. Originally developed using MSC Nastran, followed by development efforts in SolidWorks Simulation, ANSOFT, ANSYS, and other commercial FEA software packages, a team of researchers, with National Science Foundation support, have created over twenty-eight active learning modules. We will discuss the implementation of these learning modules which have been incorporated into undergraduate courses that cover topics such as machine design, mechanical vibrations, heat transfer, bioelectrical engineering, electromagnetic field analysis, structural fatigue analysis, computational fluid dynamics, rocket design, chip formation during manufacturing, and large scale deformation in machining. This update on research findings includes statistical results for each module which compare performance on pre-and post-learning module quizzes to gauge change in student knowledge related to the difficult engineering concepts that each module addresses. Statistically significant student performance gains provide evidence of module effectiveness. In addition, we present statistical comparisons between different personality types (based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI, subgroups), different learning styles (based on Felder-Solomon ILS subgroups), and gender and ethnicity in regards to the average gains each group of students have made on quiz performance. Although exploratory, and generally based on small sample sizes at this point in our multi-year effort, the modules for which subgroup differences are found are being carefully reviewed in an attempt to determine whether modifications should be made to better ensure equitable impact of the modules across students from specific personality and/or learning styles subgroups (e.g., MBTI Intuitive versus Sensing; ILS Sequential versus Global). C1 [Brown, Ashland O.] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.; Wood, John J.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Sargent, Ella R.; Hackett, Rachelle Kisst; Watson, Kyle A.] Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Dunlap, Brock U.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jackson, Kathy Schmidt] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Orabi, Ismail I.] Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT USA. [Liu, Jiancheng] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Wejmar, Christopher Allen] Univ Pacific, Blended Program, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Schimpf, Paul Henry] Eastern Washington Univ, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Chen, Chuan-Chiang] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Brown, AO (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 21 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XT UT WOS:000383779702063 ER PT S AU Hamon, CL Green, MG Dunlap, B Camburn, BA Crawford, RH Jensen, DD AF Hamon, Christopher Lewis Green, Matthew G. Dunlap, Brock Camburn, Bradley Adam Crawford, Richard H. Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI Virtual or Physical Prototypes? Development and Testing of a Prototyping Planning Tool SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB A new prototyping planning tool guides designers in choosing between virtual vs. physical prototyping strategies based on answers to Likert-scale questions. We developed this tool to augment prior work in design methods seeking to facilitate prototyping strategy development. This new tool was tested with a pilot experiment in which engineering students were tasked with optimizing the design of a four-bar linkage to be used to draw a specific shape. The students were then instructed to use the new prototyping planning tool to decide whether to create a virtual or physical prototype of a four- bar linkage, with the goal of maximizing the performance metric detailed in the design problem statement. This paper describes the new prototype strategy planning tool, the pilot experiment, and results and conclusions. The very encouraging pilot results provide a template and strong motivation for conducting a larger scale experiment for generic prototyping applications. C1 [Hamon, Christopher Lewis; Dunlap, Brock; Camburn, Bradley Adam] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Green, Matthew G.] LeTourneau Univ, Mech Engn, Longview, TX 75602 USA. [Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hamon, CL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XW UT WOS:000383780004064 ER PT S AU Hendrix, D Neebel, DJ Silva, R AF Hendrix, D. Neebel, Danial J. Silva, Ryan GP ASEE TI A Breadth First Introductory Course in Electrical and Computer Engineering SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB As technology continues to advance and competition within the global economy becomes fierce, it is increasingly important that engineering students can not only select the proper equations, perform the correct computations/simulations and build circuits correctly, but also possess an appreciation for the variety of knowledge areas within their field of study. In an effort to better prepare electrical and computer engineering students, the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at the United States Air Force Academy created a breadth-first introductory course to give students this view as a starting point in their education. A thorough review of the curriculum revealed primary knowledge areas that the students need early in their education in order to better prepare them for the depth of a rigorous ECE curriculum. This knowledge includes, but is not limited to, Radio Frequency (RF) communications, RADAR and electronic warfare, analog circuits including power generation and distribution and digital circuits and systems. These topics were selected due to their extensive use in senior capstone projects and needs the industry of the program constituents? The solution proposed here is to create a breadth-first introductory course to motivate and inspire the students to dig deeper into topics they will see later in the curriculum. Through early exposure to a broad set of knowledge and simulation/laboratory techniques, students can begin to develop intellectual curiosity and intuition about how electrical and computer systems work and, in the process, see the fun and excitement in electrical and computer engineering. This paper delves into the development of the course, from the determination of the goals through the implementation of the course structure and teaching philosophy. The paper concludes with an analysis of student feedback. C1 [Hendrix, D.; Neebel, Danial J.; Silva, Ryan] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hendrix, D (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XT UT WOS:000383779702059 ER PT S AU Irvin, KM Hiteshue, E Lanzerotti, MY Hochheiser, S Geselowitz, M AF Irvin, Kelsey Morgan Hiteshue, Elizabeth Lanzerotti, Mary Yvonne Hochheiser, Sheldon Geselowitz, Michael GP ASEE TI Oral Histories of Distinguished Female Leaders: Inspiring the Next Generation of Young People in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB This paper describes a new collaboration between a DOD government institution of higher education in the United States and the History Center of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the world's largest technology organization for the advancement of technology, to create a workforce development and one-on-one career-building and life-changing mentorship program for female undergraduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This project provides the students with hands-on STEM research in the government institution and one-on-one exposure to some of the world's leading female science and engineering pioneers. In this project, participating female undergraduate students pursue leading-edge STEM research. At the same time, the students identify, select, contact, interview, and transcribe a new oral history for the entire career of female distinguished leaders, whose research and career align with the students' goals. Through this process, the students are simultaneously participating actively as researchers in a government institution, receiving one-on-one mentorship with distinguished female leaders, and preserving a critical part of the historic record (the oral histories) at IEEE. One desired outcome is that the students are motivated by these experiences to graduate with STEM degrees, which thereby increases the retention of women professionals with STEM degrees. A second outcome is that the oral history transcripts of the distinguished female leaders will be archived in perpetuity at the IEEE. Another outcome is to motivate female undergraduate students to complete their STEM degrees, thereby increasing female participation in STEM. To date, students have identified leaders who are CEOs at science and technology companies and members of the National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences. Four full-length, two-hour, oral history interviews have been researched and conducted for these individuals, and three additional interviews are being scheduled. This paper presents key factors in the career development of the distinguished female leaders that led to their success. Common themes that might explain the reasons that the distinguished female leaders have been successful will also be presented. Second, this paper will present first-hand descriptions of the impact on the career outlooks of the participating undergraduates who are conducting all aspects of the project. Participating students are U.S. citizens, which is a desired demographic in the DOD workforce and in addition can help increase the STEM workforce nationally. Training in oral history technique is provided by the IEEE History Center. Oral history is the methodology selected in this project because oral history is a recognized "field of study and a method of gathering, preserving, and interpreting the voices and memories of people, communities, and participants in past events." Oral history is the oldest type of historical inquiry, predating the written word, and is also the most modern, initiated with tape recorders in the 1940s and now implemented with 21st century technologies. The IEEE History Center will post the oral history transcripts in perpetuity on the IEEE Global History Network. The project draws on best practices from other oral history projects, such as those collected in 2001-2003 through the "Oral History of Women in Computing Project" of Dr. Janet Abbate, who is Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society, at the Northern Virginia campus of Virginia Tech University. Her work became a major source for her book entitled, "Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing." (MIT Press, 2012) and 52 oral histories that are now available on the IEEE Global History Network (http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Women_in_Computing). The transcripts of these interviews are housed by the IEEE History Center on its IEEE Global History Network site (http://www.ieeeghn.org) as part of its broader, important oral history collection which contains over 575 interviews, approximately 55 of whose subjects are female. C1 [Hiteshue, Elizabeth] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lanzerotti, Mary Yvonne] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Hochheiser, Sheldon] IEEE Hist Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Geselowitz, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Irvin, KM (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XU UT WOS:000383779802043 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, MY Varga, M Creighton, SJ Langley, D Cahill, DL Martin, RK AF Lanzerotti, Mary Yvonne Varga, Maggie Creighton, Sean J. Langley, Derrick Cahill, Diana Lynn Martin, Richard K. GP ASEE TI Transforming Undergraduate STEM Summer Internships in a Federal Government Institution for 21st Century Engineering Careers SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB This paper describes first steps to transform all internships in the undergraduate STEM Summer Research Program in the federal government at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) to prepare students for engineering careers in the 21st century. AFIT is a government institution of higher education within the Air Force. Over 40 students participate annually and perform research in all six engineering departments at the AFIT Graduate School of Engineering and Management. These are the departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Physics, Mathematics and Statistics, Operational Sciences, and Systems Engineering and Management. First, starting in summer 2012, a formal assessment tool is now distributed to students to measure the impact of the research experience. Second, starting in summer 2013, students are now provided with four career broadening programs that are informed by student survey results in 2012. These programs are made possible through a partnership among AFIT, the LEADER (Launching Equity in the Academy across the Dayton Entrepreneurial Region) Consortium, and the Southwestern Ohio Consortium for Higher Education (SOCHE). The partnership assesses the students' experiences and informs future experiences based upon the results of student surveys. SOCHE has employed nearly 1,000 STEM students in the past 25 years. Feedback was sought in 2012 from the 48 participating students to improve all internships in the Summer Research Program in order to help prepare engineering student interns for work in the 21st century. In response to the feedback, four new voluntary program components were made available to all students in the 2013 Program. Because of government restrictions, student participation is voluntary. The components are: (A) A joint orientation process with SOCHE and AFIT Project Leaders; (B) Student cohorts through social activities and STEM-based games; (C) A weekly seminar meeting with outside presentations of general interest, such as job-hunting, resume-writing, information about scholarships and fellowships, and the process to apply to graduate school; and (D) A Poster Session so that students present the engineering experiences they have gained. A poster competition was held to select the best student posters, and selected students were awarded "Posters of Excellence" Certificates. In 2013, SOCHE again implemented an assessment tool in an effort to better understand the needs of the 43 participating students. Of these students, 10 students had also participated in the 2012 program (repeat participation rate of nearly 25%). SOCHE asked all 43 students to complete a pre survey when the program was in session (response rate: 33%) and a post survey following the program (response rate: 16%). Post survey responses are favorable to the career broadening programs. Student participation in the 12 one-hour weekly events was nearly 100% in the joint orientation and 13% in the other events. This paper will describe the importance of the four new career-broadening components to transform the internships at AFIT to prepare students for engineering careers in the 21st century. Additional results and findings of the assessment of the 2013 Summer Research Program will be discussed, and the results and findings will be compared with results from the 2012 Program. C1 [Lanzerotti, Mary Yvonne] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varga, Maggie] SOCHE, SOCHEIntern Program, Dayton, OH USA. [Creighton, Sean J.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH USA. [Langley, Derrick] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cahill, Diana Lynn] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Richard K.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Lanzerotti, MY (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XW UT WOS:000383780004034 ER PT S AU Powell, O Richards, M Jensen, DD Brown, NM AF Powell, Orval Richards, Michael Jensen, Daniel D. Brown, Nicholas Matthew GP ASEE TI Increasing Conceptual Understanding in an Engineering Core Course using a Statics Visualization Program SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB Instructors and students of upper-level engineering courses often use software inside and outside of the classroom to solve problems. However, software is less frequently used in lower-level courses. One likely reason for this lack of use in lower-level courses is the concern that students may avoid manual solution of problems and thereby fail to develop foundational knowledge and proper problem solving approaches. This research attempts to answer whether in-classroom use of certain analysis software deepens student conceptual understanding and critical thinking in a foundational engineering course. The authors chose the web-based software, ForceEffect by Autodesk, based on its ability to analyze trusses, frames, and machines, as well as its numerical and graphical output. Two instructors participated in the research, each with control and experimental groups. The instructors collected results on exam and quiz conceptual questions as well as total scores on these assessment tools. Additionally, the instructors collected formal and informal feedback on the use of the software. The results showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between those groups using the software and those that did not. However, the results did show that the software could have a positive impact on student conceptual understanding. C1 [Powell, Orval; Richards, Michael; Jensen, Daniel D.; Brown, Nicholas Matthew] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Powell, O (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XU UT WOS:000383779801017 ER PT S AU Sugarman, R Schneider, K Mykytka, EF AF Sugarman, Richard Schneider, Kellie Mykytka, Edward F. GP ASEE TI Development of a Systems Engineering Course for Multiple Delivery Methods SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE C1 [Sugarman, Richard] US Air Force, Syst Engn & Program Risk Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schneider, Kellie] Univ Dayton, Dept Engn Management & Syst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mykytka, Edward F.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sugarman, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Syst Engn & Program Risk Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XT UT WOS:000383779706002 ER PT S AU Flores, A Dajani, I Naderi, NA AF Flores, Angel Dajani, Iyad Naderi, Nader A. GP IEEE TI High Power, Sub-GHz, Monolithic Fiber Amplifier Based on Phase Modulated Laser Gain Competition SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID KW AB SBS suppression in monolithic, Yb-doped fiber amplifiers via phase modulated two-tone laser gain competition (LGC) is reported. The LGC between broad and narrow-linewidth (1036nm/1064nm) signals yielded pump-limited output powers of 600W at a 500MHz modulation-frequency. C1 [Flores, Angel; Dajani, Iyad; Naderi, Nader A.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM angel.flores@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603374 ER PT S AU Gao, ZH Ragunathan, G Thompson, B Johnson, MT Rout, B Choquette, KD AF Gao, Zihe Ragunathan, Gautham Thompson, Bradley Johnson, Matthew T. Rout, Bibhudutta Choquette, Kent D. GP IEEE TI Coherently Coupled Bottom-Emitting Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate 2-dimentional coherently coupled bottom-emitting VCSEL arrays. In-phase operation has been obtained from 3-element triangular arrays, while out-of-phase operation has been obtained from 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 arrays. C1 [Gao, Zihe; Ragunathan, Gautham; Thompson, Bradley; Johnson, Matthew T.; Choquette, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Johnson, Matthew T.] US Air Force, Chantilly, VA 20152 USA. [Rout, Bibhudutta] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Gao, ZH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM zihegao2@illinois.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602041 ER PT S AU Guha, S Barnes, JO Gonzalez, LP AF Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Gonzalez, Leonel P. GP IEEE TI Multiwatt-level Continuous-Wave Midwave Infrared Generation using Difference Frequency Mixing in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID MU-M AB More than 2 Watts of continuous-wave external power at 3400 nm was obtained by difference frequency mixing of 1064.6 nm and 1549.8 nm fiber lasers in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal at 50 degrees C. C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, Jacob O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602180 ER PT S AU Husaini, S Lesko, A Heckman, EM Bedford, RG AF Husaini, Saima Lesko, Alyssa Heckman, Emily M. Bedford, Robert G. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Graphene-based DNA Composite SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID ABSORPTION; SENSORS AB A graphene-based biopolymer is developed which exhibits saturable absorption and optical limiting behavior in the femtosecond and nanosecond regime respectively. Further this composite film when irradiated with nanosecond pulses indicates a damage threshold >50 J/cm(2). C1 [Husaini, Saima] Wyle, 2601 Mission Point, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Husaini, Saima; Heckman, Emily M.; Bedford, Robert G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lesko, Alyssa] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Husaini, S (reprint author), Wyle, 2601 Mission Point, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602292 ER PT S AU Jiang, WC Usechak, NG Lin, Q AF Jiang, Wei C. Usechak, Nicholas G. Lin, Qiang GP IEEE TI Dispersion engineering of silicon microdisk resonators by thermal oxidation SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION; PHOTONS AB We demonstrate a convenient approach for precise dispersion engineering of silicon microdisk resonators via thermal oxidation. This technique potentially enables efficient correlated photon-pair generation for quantum photonics. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Wei C.; Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Jiang, WC (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM qiang.lin@rochester.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602254 ER PT S AU Klopfer, M Jain, R Henry, L AF Klopfer, Mike Jain, Ravinder Henry, Leanne GP IEEE TI Advanced High-Efficiency NLW Fiber Raman Lasers SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID BIREFRINGENT FIBERS; OSCILLATOR; AMPLIFIER AB We will describe key design issues and related experimental results for achieving high-efficiency high-power (similar to 100 W) < 3 GHz narrow linewidth (NLW) 1178 nm fiber Raman lasers for sodium guidestar applications. C1 [Klopfer, Mike; Jain, Ravinder] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Henry, Leanne] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Klopfer, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jain@chtm.unm.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601154 ER PT S AU Kulatilaka, WD Schmidt, JB Roy, S Frederickson, KA Lempert, WR Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Schmidt, Jacob B. Roy, Sukesh Frederickson, Kraig A. Lempert, Walter R. Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Noninvasive Ultrafast Imaging Diagnostics in Low-Temperature Plasmas SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate utilization of femtosecond-duration laser pulses for two-photon-absorption LIF imaging of atomic species in nonequilibrium plasmas. Femtosecond excitation enables improved signal-to-noise ratio, suppression of photolytic interferences, kilohertz-rate imaging, and potential for collisional quenching-free measurements. C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Schmidt, Jacob B.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Frederickson, Kraig A.; Lempert, Walter R.] Ohio State Univ, Scott Lab E445, Columbus, OH USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM waruna.kulatilaka.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602120 ER PT S AU Mee, JK Raghunathan, R Murrell, D Braga, A Li, Y Lester, LF AF Mee, J. K. Raghunathan, R. Murrell, D. Braga, A. Li, Y. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Experimental study of the stability of harmonic mode-locking in quantum dot passively mode-locked lasers SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB The stability of harmonic mode-locking in a two-section quantum dot passively mode-locked laser is examined using a Frequency Resolved Optical Gating pulse measurement system and shown for the first time to be a stable effect. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Mee, J. K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87120 USA. [Raghunathan, R.; Lester, L. F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Murrell, D.; Braga, A.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Li, Y.] APIC Corp, Culver City, CA 90230 USA. RP Mee, JK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87120 USA. EM jesse.mee@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602112 ER PT S AU Melgaard, SD Albrecht, A Seletskiy, DV Epstein, R Alden, J Sheik-Bahae, M AF Melgaard, Seth D. Albrecht, Alexander Seletskiy, Denis V. Epstein, Richard Alden, Jay Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Solid-state cryo-cooling using optical refrigeration SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical refrigeration provides the only solid-state technology capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures, currently below 100K. Novel, adaptable designs are implemented for technologies requiring vibration-free cryogenic operation. C1 [Melgaard, Seth D.; Albrecht, Alexander; Epstein, Richard; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Epstein, Richard; Alden, Jay] ThermoDynam Films LLC, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Melgaard, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Melgaard@unm.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600437 ER PT S AU Melgaard, SD Albrecht, A Hehlen, M Seletskiy, DV Sheik-Bahae, M AF Melgaard, Seth D. Albrecht, Alexander Hehlen, Markus Seletskiy, Denis V. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Optical refrigeration cools below 100K SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a milestone in optical refrigeration, cooling a 10% Yb:YLF crystal to 93K (Delta T similar to 180K); obtaining the coldest solid-state temperature to date. Identification of transition metal impurities via mass spectrometry allows further cooling through purification. C1 [Melgaard, Seth D.; Albrecht, Alexander; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Hehlen, Markus] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Melgaard, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Melgaard@unm.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600435 ER PT S AU Pulford, B Dajani, I Robin, C AF Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad Robin, Craig GP IEEE TI Near Diffraction-Limited, 811W, Single-Frequency Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID MODE-INSTABILITIES; POWER AB An acoustic and gain tailored Yb-doped polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber is used to demonstrate 811W single-frequency output power with near diffraction-limited beam quality; the highest power ever reported from a near diffraction-limited single-frequency fiber laser. C1 [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad; Robin, Craig] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pulford, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603378 ER PT S AU Raghunathan, R Grillot, F Mee, JK Lester, LF AF Raghunathan, R. Grillot, F. Mee, J. K. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Impact of Absorber Bias Voltage on the Optical Feedback Sensitivity of a Passively Mode-Locked Quantum Dot Laser Operating at Elevated Temperature SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB A feedback-sensitivity study of a two-section, passively mode-locked quantum dot laser operating at elevated temperature suggests that the absorber bias voltage is critical in determining the feedback-response of the device, even under the resonant configuration. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Raghunathan, R.; Lester, L. F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 302 Whittemore Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Grillot, F.] Ecole Natl Super Telecommun Bretagne, CNRS, LTCI, Telecom Paristech, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Mee, J. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87120 USA. RP Raghunathan, R (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 302 Whittemore Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM raghunat@vt.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601220 ER PT S AU Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Vera, A Yang, XPS Lin, AC Harris, JS Tassev, V Snure, M AF Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Vera, Alice Yang, Xiaoping S. Lin, Angie C. Harris, James S. Tassev, Vladimir Snure, Michael GP IEEE TI Growth of device-quality orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) by improved hydride vapour phase epitaxy SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID SUBLATTICE REVERSAL AB Substantial increases in substrate temperature, super-saturation, and V/III ratio have dramatically improved vertical domain propagation during hydride vapour phase epitaxy of orientation-patterned gallium phosphide, leading to device-quality quasi-phasematched layer thicknesses exceeding 400 microns. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Mohnkern, Lee; Vera, Alice; Yang, Xiaoping S.] BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Lin, Angie C.; Harris, James S.] Stanford Univ, Paul G Allen Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tassev, Vladimir; Snure, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603113 ER PT S AU Stites, RW Cook, G Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Stites, R. W. Cook, G. Berry, P. A. Schepler, K. L. GP IEEE TI Power Scaling a Cr:ZnSe Thin Disk Laser by Increasing Pump Diameter SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB A 500 mm Cr:ZnSe thin disk gain element was pumped at five different pump diameters. Laser output versus pump power was measured. Slope efficiency, threshold, and maximum power versus pump spot size were then extracted. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Stites, R. W.; Cook, G.; Berry, P. A.; Schepler, K. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stites, RW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Stites.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601301 ER PT S AU Velten, A Schmitt-Sody, A Lucero, A Arissian, L Xu, XZ Feng, CY Rostami, S Rasoulof, A Kamer, B Dies, JC AF Velten, Andreas Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Lucero, Adrian Arissian, Ladan Xu, Xiaozhen Feng, Chengyong Rostami, Shermineh Rasoulof, Amin Kamer, Brian Dies, Jean-Claude GP IEEE TI Movies of filaments and plasma SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID LASER-PULSES; PROPAGATION; AIR AB Using a streak camera, and combining over 1,000 synchronized frames, 4D (2 D space, time in ps and wavelength) movies of the light and plasma emission in the wake of filaments are produced. C1 [Velten, Andreas] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; Lucero, Adrian] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Madison, WI USA. [Velten, Andreas] Morgridge Inst Res, Madison, WI USA. [Arissian, Ladan; Xu, Xiaozhen; Feng, Chengyong; Rostami, Shermineh; Rasoulof, Amin; Kamer, Brian; Dies, Jean-Claude] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Velten, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602123 ER PT J AU Hoheisel, R Wilt, D Scheiman, D Jenkins, P Walters, R AF Hoheisel, Raymond Wilt, David Scheiman, David Jenkins, Phillip Walters, Robert GP IEEE TI AM0 Solar Cell Calibration Under Near Space Conditions SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE multi-junction solar cells; space solar cells; calibration; AM0 ID BROAD-BAND MODELS; IRRADIANCE PREDICTIONS; TRANSMITTANCE AB The realization of 3, 4 and 6-junction solar cells for space applications requires a better understanding of the atmospheric effects for all earth-based, high-altitude, AM0 solar cell calibration methods. The residual atmosphere in these methods can have a profound influence on solar cell calibration. Using atmospheric modeling, and calibration methods used past, present, and future, the error introduced by the residual atmosphere is calculated for advanced multi-junction solar cells. C1 [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wilt, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Scheiman, David; Jenkins, Phillip; Walters, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoheisel, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1811 EP 1814 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902010 ER PT J AU Ericksen, P Howard, A Wilt, D Hubbard, S Richards, B AF Ericksen, Peter Howard, Alex Wilt, David Hubbard, Seth Richards, Ben GP IEEE TI Thermal Survivability Characterization of Quantum Dot Multi-Junction Photovoltaic Cells SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE III-V materials; annealing; electroluminescence; photovoltaic cells; quantum dots; solar simulation AB The goal of our lab, the Advanced Space Power Generation group, is to research and improve energy technology for use in the space environment. We have tested the thermal survivability of quantum dot (QD) photovoltaic cells by heating samples to increasing temperatures until failure. Between cycles of heating we analyzed changes in the cells by measuring their current-voltage response to a solar simulator and quantifying electroluminescence with spectroscopy. An important design consideration for solar cells is material band gap energy, which determines which layers can absorb photons with specific wavelengths and how much energy can be converted from those photons. To better absorb the solar spectrum, the tested QD cells use layers of InAs quantum dots to alter the photon absorption of the middle cell in order to produce more current. Annealing at high temperatures reduced the material quality of the solar cells, eventually rendering the samples ineffective. C1 [Ericksen, Peter] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Howard, Alex; Wilt, David] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hubbard, Seth] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Richards, Ben] EMCORE Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Ericksen, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 2878 EP 2881 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638903029 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Cao, YC Casbeer, DW AF Garcia, Eloy Cao, Yongcan Casbeer, David W. GP IEEE TI Event-Triggered Cooperative Control with General Linear Dynamics and Communication Delays SO 2014 IEEE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, MathWorks, Springer, Altair, dSPACE, Journal Franklin Inst, Soc Ind & Appl Math, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wolfram, EBSCO Informat Serv, Inst Engn & Technol, Now, Taylor & Francis, Cogent Engn ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; AVERAGE CONSENSUS; NETWORKS; SYNCHRONIZATION AB The consensus problem with general linear dynamics and communication delays is investigated. An event-triggered consensus protocol is proposed, where each agent implements a model of the decoupled dynamics of its neighbors. This approach not only avoids the need for continuous communication between agents but also provides a decentralized and asynchronous method for transmission of information in the presence of time-varying communication delays. This method gives more flexibility for scheduling information broadcasting compared to periodic and sampled-data implementations. Lower-bounds on the inter-event times are computed and shown to be positive in order to avoid Zeno behavior. C1 [Garcia, Eloy; Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6090-6 PY 2014 BP 2914 EP 2919 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BE2TY UT WOS:000370073803012 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Casbeer, DW Pham, K Pachter, M AF Garcia, Eloy Casbeer, David W. Khanh Pham Pachter, Meir GP IEEE TI Cooperative Aircraft Defense from an Attacking Missile SO 2014 IEEE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, MathWorks, Springer, Altair, dSPACE, Journal Franklin Inst, Soc Ind & Appl Math, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wolfram, EBSCO Informat Serv, Inst Engn & Technol, Now, Taylor & Francis, Cogent Engn ID HOMING MISSILE; MOVING TARGET; GUIDANCE LAW; IMPACT-TIME; STRATEGIES; PURSUIT; PROTECTION; GAMES AB This paper addresses a three-body pursuit-evasion scenario where an Attacker missile using Pure Pursuit guidance pursues a Target aircraft and a Defender missile launched by a wingman aims at intercepting the Attacker before it reaches the aircraft. An optimal control problem is posed which captures the goal of the Target-Defender team, namely, to maximize the separation between Target and Attacker at the instant of capture of the Attacker by the Defender. The optimal control law provides the heading angles for the Target and the Defender team. C1 [Garcia, Eloy; Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6090-6 PY 2014 BP 2926 EP 2931 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BE2TY UT WOS:000370073803014 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Antsaklis, PJ AF Garcia, Eloy Antsaklis, Panos J. GP IEEE TI Event-Triggered Output Feedback Stabilization of Networked Systems with External Disturbance SO 2014 IEEE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, MathWorks, Springer, Altair, dSPACE, Journal Franklin Inst, Soc Ind & Appl Math, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wolfram, EBSCO Informat Serv, Inst Engn & Technol, Now, Taylor & Francis, Cogent Engn ID DELAYS; QUANTIZATION; STABILITY AB This paper addresses the problem of output feedback stabilization of continuous-time networked systems that are also perturbed by persistent external disturbances. An augmented state observer is designed in order to estimate both the state of the system and the external disturbance. Conditions for observability of the augmented system are provided based on the given system parameters. Stabilization of the output feedback networked system is achieved by means of event-triggered control strategies which reduce the number of feedback updates. A strictly positive lower-bound on the inter-event times is also provided which avoids Zeno behavior. Finally, this framework is extended to consider the existence of network induced delays. Similarly, conditions for stability and bounds on the inter-event times are presented. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Antsaklis, Panos J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6090-6 PY 2014 BP 3566 EP 3571 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BE2TY UT WOS:000370073803118 ER PT J AU Casbeer, D Krishnamoorthy, K Chandler, P Pachter, M AF Casbeer, D. Krishnamoorthy, K. Chandler, P. Pachter, M. GP IEEE TI Moving Ground Target Isolation by a UAV Using Predicted Observations SO 2014 IEEE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, MathWorks, Springer, Altair, dSPACE, Journal Franklin Inst, Soc Ind & Appl Math, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wolfram, EBSCO Informat Serv, Inst Engn & Technol, Now, Taylor & Francis, Cogent Engn ID RECURSIVE STATE ESTIMATION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; SETS AB An interesting variant of the cops and robbers pursuit-evasion problem is presented. The motivation for the problem comes from the need to monitor a network of roads leading to a protected area. In this paper, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is searching for a slower moving ground vehicle on a road network that has been out-fitted with unattended ground sensors (UGSs). The UGSs are communication constrained and can only relay observations of the ground vehicle when the UAV visits them. Furthermore, the UAV does not have on-board capability to detect and identify the evader and therefore must investigate the UGSs to learn the evader's location. This scenario leads the UAV's control actions to depend on partial information. A sufficient condition for guaranteed isolation of the intruder is provided along with the corresponding pursuit policy. Since the policy is non-unique, we select a policy that provides the least time to capture among all policies with the guarantee. C1 [Casbeer, D.; Chandler, P.] Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, K.] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Pachter, M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Casbeer, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.casbeer@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6090-6 PY 2014 BP 4284 EP 4289 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BE2TY UT WOS:000370073804072 ER PT S AU Kamhoua, CA Kwiat, L Kwiat, KA Park, JS Zhao, M Rodriguez, M AF Kamhoua, Charles A. Kwiat, Luke Kwiat, Kevin A. Park, Joon S. Zhao, Ming Rodriguez, Manuel BE Kesselman, C TI Game Theoretic Modeling of Security and Interdependency in a Public Cloud SO 2014 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUD COMPUTING (CLOUD) SE IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE Cloud computing; cyber security; externalities; game theory; interdependency AB As cloud computing thrives, many small organizations are joining a public cloud to take advantage of its multiple benefits. Cloud computing is cost efficient, i.e., cloud user can reduce spending on technology infrastructure and have easy access to their information without up-front or long-term commitment of resources. Moreover, a cloud user can dynamically grow and shrink the resources provisioned to an application on demand. Despite those benefits, cyber security concern is the main reason many large organizations with sensitive information such as the Department of Defense have been reluctant to join a public cloud. This is because different public cloud users share a common platform such as the hypervisor. A common platform intensifies the well-known problem of cyber security interdependency. In fact, an attacker can compromise a virtual machine (VM) to launch an attack on the hypervisor which if compromised can instantly yield the compromising of all the VMs running on top of that hypervisor. Therefore, a user that does not invest in cyber security imposes a negative externality on others. This research uses the mathematical framework of game theory to analyze the cause and effect of interdependency in a public cloud platform. This work shows that there are multiple possible Nash equilibria of the public cloud security game. However, the players use a specific Nash equilibrium profile depending on the probability that the hypervisor is compromised given a successful attack on a user and the total expense required to invest in security. Finally, there is no Nash equilibrium in which all the users in a public cloud will fully invest in security. C1 [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Kwiat, Kevin A.; Rodriguez, Manuel] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. [Kwiat, Luke] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Park, Joon S.] Syracuse Univ, Sch Informat Studies ISch, Syracuse, NY USA. [Zhao, Ming] Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kamhoua, CA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. EM charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; luke.kwiat.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; jspark@syr.edu; ming@cs.fiu.edu; manuel.rodriguez-moreno.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This research was performed while Dr. Joon Park and Dr. Manuel Rodriguez held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6182 BN 978-1-4799-5063-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF CLOUD PY 2014 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1109/CLOUD.2014.75 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9AZ UT WOS:000392940500065 ER PT S AU Liu, BY Li, H Chen, YR Li, X Huang, TW Wu, Q Barnell, M AF Liu, Beiye Li, Hai Chen, Yiran Li, Xin Huang, Tingwen Wu, Qing Barnell, Mark GP IEEE TI Reduction and IR-drop Compensations Techniques for Reliable Neuromorphic Computing Systems SO 2014 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) SE ICCAD-IEEE ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 02-06, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE CAS, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Design Automat, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE SSCS AB Neuromorphic computing system (NCS) is a promising architecture to combat the well-known memory bottleneck in Von Neumann architecture. The recent breakthrough on memristor devices made an important step toward realizing a low-power, small-footprint NCS on-a-chip. However, the currently low manufacturing reliability of nano-devices and the voltage IR-drop along metal wires and memristors arrays severely limits the scale of memristor crossbar based NCS and hinders the design scalability. In this work, we propose a novel system reduction scheme that significantly lowers the required dimension of the memristor crossbars in NCS while maintaining high computing accuracy. An IR-drop compensation technique is also proposed to overcome the adverse impacts of the wire resistance and the sneak-path problem in large memristor crossbar designs. Our simulation results show that the proposed techniques can improve computing accuracy by 27.0% and 38.7% less circuit area compared to the original NCS design. C1 [Liu, Beiye; Li, Hai; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Li, Xin] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Huang, Tingwen] Texas A&M Univ, Doha, Qatar. [Wu, Qing; Barnell, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Liu, BY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM bel34@pitt.edu; hal66@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; xinli@cmu.edu; tingwen.huang@qatar.tamu.edu; qing.wu@us.af.mil; mark.barnell@us.af.mil FU NSF [CNS-1253424] FX This work was supported in part by NSF CNS-1253424 (CAREER). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1933-7760 BN 978-1-4799-6278-5 J9 ICCAD-IEEE ACM INT PY 2014 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9LS UT WOS:000393407200009 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Pham, K Chen, GS Wang, G Li, CY Tian, X Shen, D AF Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Chen, Genshe Wang, Gang Li, Chaoyong Tian, Xin Shen, Dan GP IEEE TI DISTRIBUTED QOS AWARENESS IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORK WITH OPTIMAL ROUTING (QuASOR) SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press AB Air and space resiliency requires efficient and functioning avionics using a robust and scalable architecture. In satellite communication (SATCOM) networks, each satellite can be treated as a topological node, such that the overall constellation can be represented by a graph matrix (i.e., graph Laplacian or adjacency matrix), and the quality of service (QoS) of each inter-satellite link (ISL) captures the instantaneous well-being of the communication channel. The exact value or condition of the SATCOM network is crucial, if not critical, in dynamic routing and communication management. However, each satellite could only access to QoS information of its adjacent ISLs. The proposed QoS Awareness in Satellite communication network with Optimal Routing (QuASOR) schemes take advantage of the discretized information flow within satellite constellation to balance between situational awareness and communication overhead. Simulations results verified the effectiveness of the QuASOR method for a space scenario. C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Chen, Genshe; Wang, Gang; Li, Chaoyong; Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983004061 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Pham, K Chen, GS Wang, G Li, CY Tian, X Shen, D AF Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Chen, Genshe Wang, Gang Li, Chaoyong Tian, Xin Shen, Dan GP IEEE TI Distributed QoS Awareness in Satellite Communication Network with Optimal Routing (QUASOR) SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Chen, Genshe; Wang, Gang; Li, Chaoyong; Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983002015 ER PT S AU Jia, B Ling, HB Blasch, E Sheaff, C Chen, GS Wang, ZH AF Jia, Bin Ling, Haibin Blasch, Erik Sheaff, Carolyn Chen, Genshe Wang, Zhonghai GP IEEE TI AIRCRAFT GROUND MONITORING WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING MULTICORE ENABLED VIDEO TRACKING SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press AB Safety of aircraft requires resiliency from on-board and off-board threats that could come from natural or man-made disturbances. Maintaining situation awareness requires monitoring and coordination of threats from the air and the ground. Threat detection of people, vehicles, and person-vehicle interactions of possible harm to an aircraft operations is a difficult problem due to the complexity of the coverage area, varying sensor capabilities (e.g., resolutions), and cultural factors of disruption. Methods and techniques can be incorporated to aid analysts (e.g., airport traffic controllers) to track and identify entities using modern large scale visual sensors such as the Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) systems. Such systems typically produce an overwhelmingly large amount of information. The lack of computationally efficient algorithms has become a bottleneck for utilizing WAMI data in surveillance. To facilitate the application of such surveillance system development for safe operations, in this paper, three different strategies are implemented based on the on-board multicore technology to speed up video tracking algorithms. A complete tool chain to implement the video tracking, such as registration, detection, and multiple target association, is presented. Experimental results are illustrated. We demonstrate aircraft ground monitoring using the Columbus Large Image Format (CLIF) dataset to show the performance improvement by using the proposed high performance computing enabled video tracking algorithm to facilitate safe air travel. C1 [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Sheaff, Carolyn] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983004058 ER PT S AU Jia, B Ling, HB Blasch, E Sheaff, C Chen, GS Wang, ZH AF Jia, Bin Ling, Haibin Blasch, Erik Sheaff, Carolyn Chen, Genshe Wang, Zhonghai GP IEEE TI Aircraft ground monitoring with High Performance Computing Multicore Enabled Video Tracking SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press C1 [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Sheaff, Carolyn] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983002012 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, GS Wang, G Pham, K Blasch, E Tian, Z AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Wang, Gang Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Tian, Zhi GP IEEE TI NETWORK SURVIVABILITY ORIENTED MARKOV GAMES (NSOMG) IN WIDEBAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press AB Future satellite communications (SATCOM) challenges will require cognitive spectrum management and agile waveform adaptation solutions that are not only context-aware and capable of learning and probing for subscriber distributions, quality of services (QoS), mission priorities and traffic patterns, but also agile in waveform adaptation in order to provide active countermeasures for persistent and adaptive radio frequency (RF) interferences. In this paper, we develop a game theory enabled high-level anti-interference strategies. A game theory model of strategic conflicts in SATCOM is designed to guide the high-level anti-interference strategies. Space communication conflicts (interference in congested space environment) were investigated as a two-player, zero-sum game in discrete time, where each player discovers the opponent's exploits according to an impudent random process. The optimal exercise strategies were derived and the value of engaging in space communication conflict was quantified. C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe; Wang, Gang] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Tian, Zhi] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983004060 ER PT S AU Shen, D Zhang, HL Yu, W Lu, C Chen, GS Wei, SX Blasch, EP Pham, K AF Shen, Dan Zhang, Hanlin Yu, Wei Lu, Chao Chen, Genshe Wei, Sixiao Blasch, Erik P. Pham, Khanh GP IEEE TI Scheduling Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Delivery Systems SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe; Wei, Sixiao] IFT Inc, Fanwood, NJ 07023 USA. [Zhang, Hanlin; Yu, Wei; Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), IFT Inc, Fanwood, NJ 07023 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983002013 ER PT S AU Wang, G Chen, GS Shen, D Wang, ZH Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AVIONICS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press AB Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) subsystems are crucial for avionic designs. To ensure the integrity, robustness, and security of the TTC communication link, we developed physical layer reliability techniques, where direct-sequence spread spectrum and turbo coding with soft-input-soft-output decoding are applied. Different from personal communication system where Rayleigh fading channel is a good estimation, we investigated the Rician fading channel due to the line-of-sight (LoS) link between the ground station and the avionic system. Specifically, the performances of our proposed techniques are evaluated in the presence of unintentional and intentional jammer situations. To test and verify TTC link performance with the proposed techniques, we used the Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc. (IFT) communication data link simulator (ICDLS). Results demonstrate that the TTC link with our proposed techniques increase reliability as compared to traditional channel coding schemes. Avionic reliability robustness is shown when there exists intentional jammers that can cause large jamming interference. C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983003044 ER PT S AU Wang, G Chen, GS Shen, D Wang, ZH Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation Of Avionics Communication Systems With Radio Frequency Interference SO 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE, AIAA, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, AESS, AdaCore, Great River Technol, Avionics Magazine, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gang.wang@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-5002-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2014 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0UA UT WOS:000366983000019 ER PT S AU Collins, GF Fisher, J Radulescu, F Barner, J Sheppard, S Worley, R Kimball, D AF Collins, Gayle Fran Fisher, Jeremy Radulescu, Fabian Barner, Jeff Sheppard, Scott Worley, Rick Kimball, Don GP IEEE TI Power Amplifier Design Optimized for Envelope Tracking SO 2014 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS): INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN GAAS, INP, SIGE, GAN AND OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) - Integrated Circuits in GaAs, InP, SiGe, GaN and other Compound Semiconductors CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc DE High power amplifiers; MMICs; Gallium nitride; X-band; load-pull; baseband; modulation AB In this paper, we present the design of an inverse Class F power amplifier GaN MMIC, specifically designed for an envelope-tracking application. Power transistors are not typically characterized for the drain modulation that is fundamental to envelope tracking, and the available device models are not usually validated over the required drain bias range. Here, we used fundamental load-pull to characterize a 6x100 mu m GaN HEMT device over the range of drain bias voltages that would be used in the envelope-tracking PA. This data was scaled to an 8x100 mu m device to achieve the target output power, and these empirical load-pull models were then used in the design of the power MMIC along with harmonic design in simulation. A total of eight 8x100 mu m HEMTs were used in the final design, achieving a maximum power output of 32 W at 10 GHz with a drain efficiency of greater than 45% in back-off, on a die size of less than 4 x 4 mm(2) under envelope tracking. C1 [Collins, Gayle Fran; Kimball, Don] MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fisher, Jeremy; Radulescu, Fabian; Barner, Jeff; Sheppard, Scott] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Worley, Rick] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, GF (reprint author), MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM gcollins@maxentric.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7940 BN 978-1-4799-3622-9 J9 IEEE COMP SEMICON PY 2014 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE2PA UT WOS:000369763800051 ER PT S AU Maize, K Pavlidis, G Heller, E Yates, L Kendig, D Graham, S Shakouri, A AF Maize, Kerry Pavlidis, Georges Heller, Eric Yates, Luke Kendig, Dustin Graham, Samuel Shakouri, Ali GP IEEE TI High Resolution Thermal Characterization and Simulation of Power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Micro-Raman Thermography and 800 Picosecond Transient Thermoreflectance Imaging SO 2014 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS): INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN GAAS, INP, SIGE, GAN AND OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) - Integrated Circuits in GaAs, InP, SiGe, GaN and other Compound Semiconductors CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc DE Gallium nitride; HEMTs; MODFETs; power transistor; Raman thermography; thermoreflectance imaging ID TEMPERATURE AB Self-heating in gallium nitride based high frequency, high electron mobility power transistors (GaN HEMTs) is inspected using micro-Raman thermography and 800 picosecond transient thermoreflectance imaging. The two methods provide complementary temperature information inside the semiconductor and on top metal layers of the GaN HEMT. Self heating is measured under both steady-state and ultra-fast pulsed transient operation with submicron spatial resolution, 50 milliKelvin temperature resolution, and nanosecond time resolution. Fine grain electro-thermal modeling of the HEMT steady state and transient self-heating are presented alongside measurements. Large spatial and temporal temperature gradients are quantified. Deviations due to unknown parameters are discussed. C1 [Maize, Kerry; Shakouri, Ali] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pavlidis, Georges; Yates, Luke; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kendig, Dustin] Microsanj Inc, San Jose, CA 95051 USA. RP Maize, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kmaize@purdue.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7940 BN 978-1-4799-3622-9 J9 IEEE COMP SEMICON PY 2014 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE2PA UT WOS:000369763800039 ER PT S AU McCue, JJ Casto, M Li, JC Watson, P Khalil, W AF McCue, Jamin J. Casto, Matthew Li, James C. Watson, Paul Khalil, Waleed GP IEEE TI An Active Double-Balanced Down-Conversion Mixer in InP/Si BiCMOS Operating from 70-110 GHz SO 2014 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS): INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN GAAS, INP, SIGE, GAN AND OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) - Integrated Circuits in GaAs, InP, SiGe, GaN and other Compound Semiconductors CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc DE W-Band circuits; mm-wave mixer; double-balanced mixer; Marchand balun; heterogeneous integration AB In this paper, a double-balanced Gilbert cell down-conversion mixer is demonstrated from 70-110 GHz. The wide bandwidth and high frequency are enabled by the HRL InP/Si BiCMOS process. With an fT of 300 GHz, the available 0.25 mu m InP HBTs are used in the signal path while the 90nm CMOS devices are used for biasing and gain adjustment. The fully differential circuit is implemented using two on-chip Marchand baluns feeding both the LO and RF ports. An IF buffer follows the mixer to improve matching and signal quality for testing. After de-embedding the balun and IF buffer, the mixer core achieves a peak conversion gain of 13 dB, a minimum DSB NF of 10 dB, and an OP1dB of -2 dBm while consuming 5 mA from a 3.3 V supply. C1 [McCue, Jamin J.; Casto, Matthew; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Casto, Matthew; Watson, Paul] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Li, James C.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP McCue, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7940 BN 978-1-4799-3622-9 J9 IEEE COMP SEMICON PY 2014 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE2PA UT WOS:000369763800018 ER PT J AU Whiting, M Cook, K Grinstein, G Liggett, K Cooper, M Fallon, J Morin, M AF Whiting, Mark Cook, Kristin Grinstein, Georges Liggett, Kristen Cooper, Michael Fallon, John Morin, Marc BE Chen, M Ebert, D North, C TI VAST Challenge 2014: The Kronos Incident SO 2014 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (VAST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference Visual Analytics Sci Technology CY OCT 09-14, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ableau software, inria, JCDecaux, cea, Fraunhofer IGD, Microsoft, AUTODESK, Paris Saclay Ctr Data Sci, here Maps for Life, Google, Kitware, nVIDIA, IledeFrance, IBM, SystemX, eDF, Adobe, National Security Agency Central Security Service, ALDECIS, DKRZ DE Visual analytics; human information interaction; sense making; evaluation; metrics; contest; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces & Presentations]: User Interfaces - Evaluation/methodology AB The 2014 IEEE Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Challenge presented researchers with a single fictitious scenario: the disappearance of staff members of the GASTech oil and gas company on location on the island of Kronos. A group named the Protectors of Kronos (POK) was the prime suspect in the disappearance. Three mini-challenges and a grand challenge were offered. Mini-challenge 1 included multiple types of text data for participants to provide a timeline of key events and characterize the POK, mini-challenge 2 focused on individuals' movement and financial data for participants to provide patterns of daily life, and mini-challenge 3 featured real-time streaming social media and emergency service data for participants to provide hostage and kidnapper information. The grand challenge asked the participants to integrate results and generate a synopsis of events. The VAST Challenge received 73 submissions from 13 countries. C1 [Whiting, Mark; Cook, Kristin; Cooper, Michael] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grinstein, Georges; Fallon, John] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA USA. [Liggett, Kristen] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Morin, Marc] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Whiting, M (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.whiting@pnnl.gov; kris.cook@pnnl.gov; grinstein@cs.uml.edu; kristen.liggett@us.af.mil; michael.cooper@pnnl.gov; john_fallon@student.uml.edu; MorinM@battelle.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6227-3 PY 2014 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2JW UT WOS:000380474000061 ER PT S AU Wang, P Zhang, X Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Ping Zhang, Xi Chen, Genshe Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Quantum Key Distribution for Security Guarantees Over Quantum-Repeater-Based QoS-Driven 3D Satellite Networks SO 2014 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2014) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 08-12, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE Quantum communications; satellite networks security; satellite communications; quantum entanglement; quantum key distribution (QKD); quality of service (QoS); QKD network; quantum repeaters; quantum teleportation ID COMMUNICATION AB In recent years, quantum-based techniques have attracted significant research attention because of its unique advantages on satellite communications, especially for security problem. Security guarantee is one of the most important requirements in QoS-driven 3D satellite networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a methodology for generating and distributing random encryption keys using the principles of quantum physics, which enables two distant communications parties to securely communicate in a way that cannot be eavesdropped on without being detected. Although the QKD method can ensure the absolute security transmission over 3D satellite networks, it imposes many new implementation challenges due to the various limitations on quantum communication over long distances via 3D free space, including quantum channel attenuation, photon-state disruption and vulnerability to noise/interference, laser-beam widening, and constrained security-key generation rate. These problems get even more challenging when QoS provisioning is required for the applications over the 3D satellite networks. To overcome the aforementioned difficulties, we propose the framework to efficiently implement the QKD for security guarantees over quantum-repeater-based QoS-driven 3D satellite networks. First, we develop the quantum-repeater-based QKD satellite network architecture. Then, we design the quantum repeater including the purification scheduling algorithm and the optimal QoS-based repeating-router selection scheme in quantum-repeater-based QKD satellite networks. Finally, the obtained simulations evaluation validate and evaluate our proposed algorithms and schemes. C1 [Wang, Ping; Zhang, Xi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pingwang@ece.tamu.edu; xizhang@ece.tamu.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com; pham.dai.khanh@gmail.com; erik.blasch@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-3512-3 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2014 BP 728 EP 733 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE2RB UT WOS:000369900400120 ER PT J AU Yoo, JS Boulware, D AF Yoo, Jin Soung Boulware, Douglas GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Incremental and Parallel Spatial Association Mining SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE spatial association mining; incremental and parallel approach AB Spatial association mining has been used for discovering frequent spatial association patterns from large static spatial databases. When a large spatial database is updated, it is computationally expensive to redo the pattern discovery process for the updated database. This work presents the problem of finding spatial association patterns incrementally from evolving databases which are constantly updated with fresh data. The proposed method is implemented on the MapReduce framework for large-scale spatial data processing, and empirically evaluated. The developed algorithm shows substantial performance improvements when compared with an iterative and non-incremental spatial association mining algorithm. C1 [Yoo, Jin Soung] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Boulware, Douglas] Air Force Res Lab, Rome Res Site RIEA, Rome, NY USA. RP Yoo, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM yooj@ipfw.edu; Douglas.Boulware@rl.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900296 ER PT S AU Nadir, Z Brown, MS Comer, ML Bouman, CA AF Nadir, Zeeshan Brown, Michael S. Comer, Mary L. Bouman, Charles A. GP IEEE TI Tomographic Reconstruction of Flowing Gases using Sparse Training SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE absorption spectroscopy; tomography; engine exhaust sensing; covariance estimation; TDLAS; TDLAT ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; COVARIANCE MATRICES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; REACTIVE FLOWS; TEMPERATURE; SENSOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIAGNOSTICS; PARAMETERS AB Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) is an emerging technique for simultaneous sensing of temperature and concentration of gaseous media. However, simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and concentration using TDLAS measurements is a nonlinear inverse problem and unlike other forms of computed tomography (CT), it is typically not possible to take a large number of projection measurements; so reconstructions are often computed using simplistic assumptions that limit the usability of the results. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) of TDLAS data. Our TDLAS-MBIR method uses a nonlinear forward model based on the physics of light absorption and incorporates a holistic prior model that can be learned from very sparse training data. Reconstructions performed on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) phantoms show that our proposed reconstruction algorithm is fast; works well when the number of pixels, p, far exceeds the number of measurements, M; is robust against noise; and produces good reconstructions using few training examples for the prior model. C1 [Nadir, Zeeshan; Comer, Mary L.; Bouman, Charles A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brown, Michael S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadir, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 1733 EP 1737 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063601182 ER PT S AU Aspiras, TH Asari, VK Vasquez, J AF Aspiras, Theus H. Asari, Vijayan K. Vasquez, Juan GP IEEE TI GAUSSIAN RINGLET INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION (GRID) FEATURES FOR ROTATION-INVARIANT OBJECT DETECTION IN WIDE AREA MOTION IMAGERY SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE ID HISTOGRAMS; TRACKING AB Most detection algorithms are established by using well defined features. Since wide area imagery is low resolution and has features that are not well defined, a local intensity distribution based methodology seems a likely candidate. We propose a new methodology, Gaussian Ringlet Intensity Distribution (GRID), which is a derivative of the ring-partitioned histograms for local intensity distribution based object tracking in low-resolution environments, which deals with the issue of rotation invariance. We observed that the proposed algorithm produces the highest accuracy among other state of the art methodologies and provides robust features for rotationally invariant detection and tracking in wide area motion imagery. C1 [Aspiras, Theus H.; Asari, Vijayan K.] Univ Dayton, Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vasquez, Juan] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Aspiras, TH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 2309 EP 2313 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063602102 ER PT S AU Estepp, JR Blackford, EB Meier, CM AF Estepp, Justin R. Blackford, Ethan B. Meier, Christopher M. GP IEEE TI Recovering Pulse Rate During Motion Artifact with a Multi-Imager Array for Non-Contact Imaging Photoplethysmography SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 05-08, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE imaging photoplethysmography; pulse rate; blind source separation; independent component analysis; electrocardiography ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AMBIENT LIGHT; TECHNOLOGY; ALGORITHM AB Photoplethysmography relies on characteristic changes in the optical absorption of tissue due to pulsatile (arterial) blood flow in peripheral vasculature. Sensors for observing the photoplethysmographic effect have traditionally required contact with the skin surface. Recent advances in non-contact imaging photoplethysmography have demonstrated that measures of cardiopulmonary system state, such as pulse rate, pulse rate variability, and respiration rate, can be obtained from a participant by imaging their face under relatively motionless conditions. A critical limitation in this method that must be resolved is the inability to recover these measures under conditions of head motion artifact. To investigate the adequacy of channel space dimensionality for the use of blind source separation in this context, nine synchronized, visible spectrum imagers positioned in a semicircular array centered on the imaged participant were used for data acquisition in a controlled lighting environment. Three-lead electrocardiogram and fingertip reflectance photoplethysmogram were also recorded as ground truth signals. Controlled head motion artifact trial conditions were compared to trials in which the participant remained stationary, with and without the aid of a chinrest. Bootstrapped means of one-minute, non-overlapping trial segments show that, for situations involving little to no head motion, a single imager is sufficient for recovering pulse rate with an average absolute error of less than two beats per minute. However, error in the recovered pulse rate measurement for the single imager can be as high as twenty-two beats per minute when head motion artifact is severe. This increase in measurement error during motion artifact was mitigated by increasing the dimensionality of the imager channel space with multiple imagers in the array prior to applying blind source separation. In contrast to single-imager results, the multi-imager channel space resulted in an absolute error in the recovered pulse rate measurement that is comparable with pulse rate measured via fingertip reflectance photoplethysmography. These results demonstrate that non-contact, imaging photoplethysmography can be accurate in the presence of head motion artifact when a multi-imager array is implemented to increase the dimensionality of the decomposed channel space. C1 [Estepp, Justin R.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Blackford, Ethan B.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Meier, Christopher M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Estepp, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM justin.estepp@us.af.mil; ethan.blackford.ctr@us.af.mil; christopher.meier.5.ctr@us.af.mil NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-3840-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2014 BP 1462 EP 1469 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE3MJ UT WOS:000370963701098 ER PT S AU Miller, CA Miller, ME Calhoun, GL AF Miller, Crystal A. Miller, Michael E. Calhoun, Glori L. GP IEEE TI Triggering Changes in Adaptive Automation Evaluation of Task Performance, Priority and Frequency SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 05-08, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE adaptive automation; trigger; system performance AB Adaptive automation has been proposed, where changes in automation are triggered based upon operator state to mitigate automation-induced problems such as complacency. This research sought to understand the effect of a weighted method, as compared to a method in which all tasks are weighed equally, when triggering changes in automation within a multitasking environment. The weighted method considered the priority and frequency of each task when computing a measure of operator performance on which to trigger changes in automation. Although overall system performance was not statistically different between the two trigger implementations, the participants with the priority based triggering scheme rated the level of automation change as more aligned with their performance and were less surprised by changes in automation level. C1 [Miller, Michael E.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Mgmt, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. [Calhoun, Glori L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, CA (reprint author), 773 Test Squadron 418 Flight Test Squadron, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM crystal.miller.4@us.af.ml; michael.miller@afit.edu; gloria.calhoun@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-3840-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2014 BP 1732 EP 1737 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE3MJ UT WOS:000370963701144 ER PT S AU Mehta, SS McCourt, M Doucette, EA Curtis, JW AF Mehta, S. S. McCourt, M. Doucette, E. A. Curtis, J. W. GP IEEE TI A Touch Interface for Soft Data Modeling in Bayesian Estimation SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 05-08, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID DATA FUSION; ROBOT; SKETCH; TEAM AB A novel approach for human-generated "soft information" modeling and Bayesian fusion using touch interface devices is presented. The human-generated soft information can be encoded using a combination of single, multiple, and overlapping strokes that represent arbitrary measurement likelihood functions which can be approximated using non-parametric density estimators. The proposed interface offers a flexible and natural medium to encode a large class of qualitatively distinct types of information for both positive and negative observations. The touch interface naturally provides robustness with respect to human variability in terms of psycho-physiological and environmental parameters without the need for offline training. An urban-target tracking example is provided to illustrate fusion of soft information (generated using the proposed soft sensor model) with measurements from traditional automated sensors. C1 [Mehta, S. S.; McCourt, M.] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Doucette, E. A.; Curtis, J. W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Mehta, SS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM siddhart@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-3840-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2014 BP 3732 EP 3737 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE3MJ UT WOS:000370963703145 ER PT S AU Grosjean, DF Schweickart, DL AF Grosjean, Dennis F. Schweickart, Daniel L. BE Garner, AL TI Insulation Coordination and Failure Mitigation Concerns for Robust Dc Electrical Power Systems SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE (IPMHVC) SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE, IEEE Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc, Dean Technol, Gen Atom, HVR, Matsusada Precis, ScandiNova, BEHLKE, TDK Lamda, Stangenes Ind Inc, Diversified Technol Inc, NWL, Ultra Elect, RFI, FILTRON, Stanley, Pearson Electronics, 5S, Continental Elect Corp, Dawonsys, Jema, GMWAssociates, SCHOTT, Barth Elect Inc, BiRa Syst, METEK, TREK, DYNAPOWER Co, e2v, Caton AB The current trend in modern electrical power systems for terrestrial and aerospace applications is to utilize dc at voltages well above the traditional levels of 12 to 42 Vdc. New airborne systems contain numerous uses of 270 Vdc, and bipolar systems with a 540 V differential are likely to appear in the near future. Plug-in electric vehicle and solar applications typically operate near 350 Vdc. New data server centers are considering distribution voltages up to 380 Vdc. The use of high dc potentials create flash-over and arcing risks that are much more problematic than the traditional ac or low-voltage dc. Low-pressures experienced in aerospace environments exacerbate the dangers. Traditional overcurrent protective devices may be too slow to mitigate damage caused by high current arcing. Likewise, the extinction of a low current, impedance-limited dc arc may require active power removal since there is no natural zero-crossing. Achieving robustness in high-voltage dc power systems, then, requires adequate insulation design criteria and reliable failure mitigation. Some design specifications and guidelines will be reviewed and shortcomings identified. Even with technically sound designs, absolute elimination of flashover and arcing cannot be assured in realistic environments as systems age. Hence, critical systems will require detection and mitigation strategies to prevent catastrophic consequences. C1 [Grosjean, Dennis F.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Schweickart, Daniel L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grosjean, DF (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4799-4047-9; 978-1-4673-7323-4 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2014 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE3FS UT WOS:000370659000038 ER PT S AU Adams, SF Schweickert, DL Tolson, BA Hensley, AL AF Adams, Steven F. Schweickert, Daniel L. Tolson, Boyd A. Hensley, Amber L. BE Garner, AL TI Resonant Laser-Induced Breakdown across High Voltage Gap for Air-Fuel Ignition SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE (IPMHVC) SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE, IEEE Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc, Dean Technol, Gen Atom, HVR, Matsusada Precis, ScandiNova, BEHLKE, TDK Lamda, Stangenes Ind Inc, Diversified Technol Inc, NWL, Ultra Elect, RFI, FILTRON, Stanley, Pearson Electronics, 5S, Continental Elect Corp, Dawonsys, Jema, GMWAssociates, SCHOTT, Barth Elect Inc, BiRa Syst, METEK, TREK, DYNAPOWER Co, e2v, Caton AB A resonant multi-photon scheme has been investigated that could provide laser-induced ignition within a high-voltage gap across an aircraft combustion chamber. The resonant technique could potentially be applied as a laser trigger from a compact low power laser source leading to breakdown and ignition of an aircraft air-fuel flow. Experiments with resonant laser-induced ignition of a moderate-speed flow of an air-propane mixture were conducted by applying a high voltage across the flow chamber that was significantly less than normal self-breakdown. The resulting spark followed the laser preionized path across the chamber within a few microseconds of the laser pulse which led to ignition and combustion on the time scale of milliseconds. This laser scheme involves resonant enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and subsequent laser field-enhanced electron avalanche to generate a pre-ionized micro-plasma path between flow chamber walls and thus guide the ignition spark through fuel-rich areas of the air-fuel flow. We have determined that a specific resonant ultraviolet wavelength, 287.5 nm, is optimal at relatively low laser pulse energy to photo-ionize oxygen molecules in a fuel-air flow to reliably initiate ignition. This laser wavelength coincides with a 2+1 REMPI transition in molecular oxygen. With this resonant method, sufficient photoionization and laser field-enhanced electron avalanche ionization have been generated for inducing air breakdown at a relatively low laser power compared to most laser breakdown concepts. This low power requirement may allow for a laser source to be transmitted to an ignition chamber via fiber optic coupling. Results of this study include detailed spectroscopy of the evolution of the optical emission from laser pre-ionization, spark, and eventual ignition. Spectroscopic results are compared to breakdown in pure air to determine the role of the 2+ 1 REMPI transition in molecular oxygen compared to hydrocarbon dissociation and ionization processes that may aid ignition. In addition, high speed photography of flame ignition in an air-propane flow was conducted, showing the spatial and temporal evolution of the laser-induced spark and flame kernel leading to combustion. C1 [Adams, Steven F.; Schweickert, Daniel L.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tolson, Boyd A.; Hensley, Amber L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4799-4047-9; 978-1-4673-7323-4 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2014 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE3FS UT WOS:000370659000041 ER PT S AU Jones, JP Rosenberger, MR King, WP Vetury, R Heller, E Dorsey, D Graham, S AF Jones, Jason P. Rosenberger, Matthew R. King, William P. Vetury, Rama Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Graham, Samuel GP IEEE TI Electro-thermo-mechanical Transient Modeling of Stress Development in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) SO 2014 IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Mentor Gr, Microsanj, Anveshak, GE Res, Raytheon Corp, IBM Corp, Hewlett Packard, Binghamton Univ, S3IP Ctr DE AlGaN/GaN HEMTs; transient; pulsed devices; electro-thermo-mechanical simulation ID DEVICE OPERATION; GAN AB In this paper, we present a coupled small-scale electrothermal model for characterizing AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) power conditions for various duty cycles. The calculated electrostatic potential and internal heat generation data are then used in a large-scale mechanics model to determine the development of stress due to the inverse piezoelectric and thermal expansion effects. The electrical characteristics of the modeled device were compared to experimental measurements for validation as well as existing simulation data from literature. The results show that the operating conditions (bias applied and AC duty cycle) strongly impact the temperature within the device and the stress fluctuations during cyclic pulsing conditions. The peak stress from the inverse piezoelectric effect develops rapidly with applied bias and slowly relaxes as the joule heating increases the device temperature during the on state of the pulse leading to cyclic stresses in operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. C1 [Jones, Jason P.; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rosenberger, Matthew R.; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Sch Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Vetury, Rama] RFMD Inc, Power Broadband Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jones, JP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4799-5267-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2014 BP 959 EP 965 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0PT UT WOS:000366567000128 ER PT S AU Wang, G Pham, K Blasch, E Nguyen, TM Chen, GS Shen, D Jia, B Tian, X Wang, ZH AF Wang, Gang Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Nguyen, Tien Manh Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Jia, Bin Tian, Xin Wang, Zhonghai GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Optimum Design for Robustness of Frequency Hopping System SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon AB Engineering systems rely on robust, continuous, and resilient communications. To ensure robustness, communication systems should operate in situations of intentional interference. Specifically, cognitive radio frequency interferences (RFI) for a frequency hopping system will be demonstrated to maximize probability of interception, while probability of RFI detection is maintained. Three test conditions of power, distance, and the number of occupied sub-channels are the parameters of trade studies. A closed-form formulation of interception probability is presented under general Nakagami-m fading channels in the condition of intentional interference. Our RFI maximum interception method provides a solution for system's testing, signals deconfliction, and secure communications. Lastly, the proposed methodology is compared to baseline methods where average power either on the whole bandwidth or single random channel impeded communications. Results demonstrate that the proposed optimum design outperforms the baseline methods. C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Jia, Bin; Tian, Xin; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Nguyen, Tien Manh] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.118 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400111 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, S Adams, WL Sankar, R AF Sobolewski, Sylwester Adams, William Larry, Jr. Sankar, Ravi GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Universal Nonhierarchical Automatic Modulation Recognition Techniques For Distinguishing Bandpass Modulated Waveforms Based On Signal Statistics, Cumulant, Cyclostationary, Multifractal And Fourier-Wavelet Transforms Features. SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE Automatic Modulation Recognition; Signal Statistics; Cumulants; Cyclostationarity; Fourier and Wavelet Transforms; Multi-fractals; QASK; QFSK; QPSK; QAM-4,4; GMSK; QLFM; QPWM; QPPM ID CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is one of the most important components in operation of cognitive software radio terminal by which the received signals are analyzed to determine the modulation formats that are present. This article describes five simple, universally applicable and computationally feasible AMR techniques, based on signal statistics, higher order statistics (cumulants), cyclostationary, multi-fractal and Fourier-Wavelet transforms features, suitable in software radio communications applications for distinguishing band-pass modulated waveforms. Eight representative transmitted signals are tested: 5 commonly employed commercial modulated waveforms, Quaternary Amplitude Shift Keying (QASK), Quaternary Frequency Shift Keying (QFSK), Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16-Point Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM-16 or QAM-4,4), Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), and 3 military waveforms used in radar systems, Quaternary Linear Frequency Modulation (QLFM or 4-Chirp), Quaternary Pulse Width and Pulse Position Modulations (QPWM & QPPM). The received signals are processed to extract the signal statistics, cumulant, cyclostationary, multi-fractal and Fourier-Wavelet transforms features of the waveforms which are subsequently classified by a neural network to match with appropriate stored feature patterns. A correct modulation format is selected for a waveform that produces the highest matching output. Plots of correct classification probabilities for three best techniques and their combined 3-Best-AMR-Technique Majority-Selection-Rule scheme are generated which compares their relative performance for representative studied waveforms. The advantages and disadvantages of all five techniques are discussed. C1 [Sobolewski, Sylwester; Adams, William Larry, Jr.] USAF AFMC AFLCMC WNAEB, US Air Force Automat Test Syst Div, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. [Sankar, Ravi] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Sobolewski, S (reprint author), USAF AFMC AFLCMC WNAEB, US Air Force Automat Test Syst Div, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM sylwester.sobolewski@us.af.mil; william.adams.41@us.af.mil; sankar@eng.usf.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 748 EP 753 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.130 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400123 ER PT S AU Stevens, D Schuckers, S AF Stevens, Daniel Schuckers, Stephanie GP IEEE Comp Soc TI A Novel Approach for the Characterization of FSK Low Probability of Intercept Radar Signals Via Application of the Reassignment Method SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE reassignment method; low probability of intercept; readability; time-frequency analysis; digital intercept receivers AB A novel approach of employing the reassignment method as a signal analysis technique for use in digital intercept receivers for the analysis of frequency shift keying (FSK) low probability of intercept (LPI) radar signals is taken. Digital intercept receivers are currently moving away from Fourier analysis techniques using the FFT as the basic tool for detecting and extracting parameters of LPI radar signals, and are moving towards classical time-frequency analysis techniques (e.g. spectrogram, Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD)). These classical techniques, though an improvement over Fourier analysis techniques, suffer from a lack of readability, due to poor time-frequency localization and cross-term interference. This lack of readability can lead to inaccurate detection and parameter extraction of these signals, potentially threatening survivability of the intercept receiver environment in certain situations. The reassignment method, with its 'squeezing' and 'smoothing' qualities, is considered as an innovative and improved signal analysis technique for this scenario. The FSK signal is used for testing. Experimental modeling and simulation results are subjectively assessed and measured via seven different metrics (including time-frequency localization, a novel metric). Reassignment method results are compared to classical time-frequency analysis results. The results confirm the improved readability of the reassignment method, and consequently, more accurate signal detection and parameter extraction metrics. These results have the potential of improving timeliness of signal characterization, and as a result, increasing aircraft survivability in particular situations. C1 [Stevens, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Data Exploitat Branch, Rome, NY USA. [Schuckers, Stephanie] Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Stevens, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Data Exploitat Branch, Rome, NY USA. EM daniel.stevens.7@us.af.mil; sschucke@clarkson.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.136 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400129 ER PT S AU Cleveland, J Loyall, J Hanna, J AF Cleveland, Jeffrey Loyall, Joseph Hanna, James GP IEEE Comp Soc TI An Aspect-Oriented Approach to Assessing Fault Tolerance SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE fault tolerance; assessment; testing; aspect-oriented programming; survivability AB Fault tolerance and survivability are important aspects of many business-critical and mission-critical systems but it is still difficult to assess how well fault tolerance techniques work. Ensuring fault tolerance in military communication systems is particularly important due to the inevitability of hardware failure, data corruption, or service interruption and the risk that cascading failures could jeopardize critical military operations. In this paper, we present a fault tolerance assessment framework designed for distributed systems that provides automated injection of faults without changes to client or server code and automated assessment of whether the injected faults are tolerated. The framework applies aspect-oriented programming, specifically AspectJ, to inject faults and weave in assessment criteria. The framework supports both assessing the tolerance of direct faults, such as crashes and corruption, like traditional fault injectors, and conditional faults, which can be probabilistically, randomly, or periodically injected at runtime. This latter class of faults is not historically supported by fault injectors, but enables the assessment of tolerance to many important classes of faults threatening modern distributed military communication systems, including timing faults, resource exhaustion (e. g., denial-of-service), and integrity faults that are traditionally difficult to tolerate and assess. Additionally, the framework provides a centralized view for users enabling them to monitor and script coordinated tests comprising performance metrics and injected faults spanning services, applications, and hosts. C1 [Cleveland, Jeffrey; Loyall, Joseph] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Hanna, James] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Cleveland, J (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. EM jeff.cleveland@alum.cs.umass.edu; jloyall@bbn.com; james.hanna.4@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 1374 EP 1381 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.228 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400220 ER PT S AU Fryslie, STM Johnson, MT Tan, MP Siriani, DF Choquette, KD AF Fryslie, Stewart T. M. Johnson, Matthew T. Tan, Meng Peun Siriani, Dominic F. Choquette, Kent D. GP IEEE TI Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement via Resonance Detuning in Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; ERROR-FREE; VCSELS; FIBER C1 [Fryslie, Stewart T. M.; Choquette, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnson, Matthew T.] United States Air Force, Urbana, IL USA. [Tan, Meng Peun] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Siriani, Dominic F.] MIT, Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Fryslie, STM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fryslie2@illinois.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 93 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200050 ER PT S AU Devgan, P AF Devgan, Preetpaul GP IEEE TI APPLICATIONS OF OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATORS FOR HIGH SPEED CLOCK RECOVERY AND RF SIGNAL DISCRIMINATION SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Devgan, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200198 ER PT J AU Ilin, R AF Ilin, Roman GP IEEE TI Combined Linguistic and Sensor Models For Machine Learning SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COGNITIVE ALGORITHMS, MIND, AND BRAIN (CCMB) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain CY DEC 09-12, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Unsupervised Learning; Language and Cognition; Dynamic Logic; LUPI AB this work builds on a cognitive theory called dynamic logic and considers the relationship between language and cognition. We explore the idea of dual models that combine linguistic and sensor features. We demonstrate that simultaneous learning of textual and image data results in formation of meaningful concepts and subsequent improvement in concept recognition. C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4549-8 PY 2014 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF2UK UT WOS:000380501000004 ER PT J AU Dutta, JK Banerjee, B Ilin, R Kozma, R AF Dutta, Jayanta K. Banerjee, Bonny Ilin, Roman Kozma, Robert GP IEEE TI Abnormal Event Detection in EEG Imaging - Comparing Predictive and Model-based Approaches SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES (CIBCI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Brain Computer Interfaces (CIBCI) CY DEC 09-12, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Computational Intelligence Society ID RECOGNITION AB The detection of abnormal/unusual events based on dynamically varying spatial data has been of great interest in many real world applications. It is a challenging task to detect abnormal events as they occur rarely and it is very difficult to predict or reconstruct them. Here we address the issue of the detection of propagating phase gradient in the sequence of brain images obtained by EEG arrays. We compare two alternative methods of abnormal event detection. One is based on prediction using a linear dynamical system, while the other is a model-based algorithm using expectation minimization approach. The comparison identifies the pros and cons of the different methods, moreover it helps to develop an integrated and robust algorithm for monitoring cognitive behaviors, with potential applications including brain-computer interfaces (BCI). C1 [Dutta, Jayanta K.; Banerjee, Bonny] Univ Memphis, Inst Intelligent Syst, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Dutta, Jayanta K.; Banerjee, Bonny] Univ Memphis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozma, Robert] Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Dutta, JK (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Inst Intelligent Syst, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM jkdutta@memphis.edu; bbnerjee@memphis.edu; rilin325@gmail.com; rkozma@memphis.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4543-6 PY 2014 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF3DE UT WOS:000380529000003 ER PT J AU Ilin, R Zhang, J AF Ilin, Roman Zhang, Jun GP IEEE TI Information Fusion with Uncertainty Modeled on Topological Event Spaces SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (FOCI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2014 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence (FOCI) CY DEC 09-12, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Probability; Lattice Theory; Distributive Lattice; Topology; Belief Functions; Sensor Networks ID BELIEF FUNCTIONS; COMBINATION AB We investigate probability and belief functions constructed on topological event spaces (without requiring complementation operation as in the definition of Borel sets). Anchored on the Lattice Theory, and making use of the correspondence of distributive lattice and topology, we propose a hierarchical scheme for modeling fusion of evidence based on constructing the lattice of topologies over a given sample space, where each topology encodes context for sensor measurement as specified by the basic probability assignment function. Our approach provides a rigorous mathematical grounding for modeling uncertainty and information fusion based on upper and lower probabilities (such as the Dempster-Shafer model). C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Jun] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Zhang, Jun] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com; junz@umich.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4491-0 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF2MM UT WOS:000380480600001 ER PT S AU Subramanian, S Shea, JM Pasiliao, EL Carvalho, MM Dixon, WE AF Subramanian, S. Shea, J. M. Pasiliao, E. L. Carvalho, M. M. Dixon, W. E. GP IEEE TI Efficient Spectrum Allocation in Multiband CSMA Networks SO 2014 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC) SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 06-09, 2014 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE ID SIZED BIN PACKING; ALGORITHMS AB We consider the problem of assigning a group of users with different rate requirements to a set of frequency bands, which may have different bandwidths, when the users access the channel via carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA). For example, in systems that employ dynamic spectrum access (DSA), secondary users may interleave their transmissions into space-time-frequency slots left open by primary users. The set of primary users that are active at a given time may leave a set. of available channels that have unequal bandwidths. The use of CSMA by the secondary users reduces the need to coordinate transmissions among the users allocated to a particular frequency band, but it also results in potential collisions, which reduce the overall data rate that can be accommodated in the band. This is especially true when the presence of a finite sensing delay is considered. In this paper, we consider the layer problem of allocating users to the available frequency bands to minimize the bandwidth used (to accommodate other groups of secondary users), while taking into account the CSMA interactions of assigning multiple users to a band. We formulate this as a new form of bin packing problem, in which the size of the bin depends on the number of users that are assigned to the bin. A near optimal solution to this problem is found numerically using the Gurobi solver, and the performance is compared with the suboptimal first-fit algorithm, which has complexity that is appropriate for online implementation. Simulation results are provided to compare the optimal and online algorithms in terms of efficiency in allocating the bandwidth to the users and their complexity. C1 [Subramanian, S.; Shea, J. M.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Subramanian, S.] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Pasiliao, E. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Carvalho, M. M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Subramanian, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sankrith@ufl.edu; jshea@ece.ufl.edu; eduardo.pasiliao@eglin.af.mil; mcarvalho@cs.fit.edu; wdixon@ufl.edu FU NSF [0547448, 0901491, 1161260, 1217908]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate at EOM AFB FX This research is supported in part by NSF award numbers 0547448, 0901491, 1161260, 1217908, and a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate at EOM AFB. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agency. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4799-3083-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2014 BP 1591 EP 1596 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG9AL UT WOS:000392912400276 ER PT J AU Hack, DE Patton, LK Himed, B AF Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Direct Cartesian Localization in Passive MIMO Radar Networks SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radar Conference CY OCT 13-17, 2014 CL Lille, FRANCE ID BISTATIC RADAR; TRACKING; ALGORITHM; REMOVAL; SIGNAL AB This paper considers target localization in passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensor networks comprised of multiple non-cooperative transmitters and multiple multichannel receivers. The maximum likelihood estimator is derived for direct estimation of target position and velocity in Cartesian space using all measurement data. Localization performance is shown to vary significantly as a function of both target-path SNR and direct-path SNR. In addition to angle information, this estimator is shown to make use of bistatic range, bistatic Doppler, time-difference-of-arrival, and frequency-difference-of-arrival information to varying degrees depending on the target-path and direct-path SNR regime. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4195-7 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5OD UT WOS:000382379800177 ER PT J AU Costa, E Roddy, P Wiens, K Valladares, C AF Costa, Emanoel Roddy, Patrick Wiens, Kyle Valladares, Cesar GP IEEE TI Equatorial Scintillation Predictions from C/NOFS Planar Langmuir Probe Electron Density Fluctuation Data SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI ID IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION; PHASE SCREEN; MODEL AB The present contribution will apply a phase-screen and weak-scattering scintillation algorithms to in situ data from the Planar Langmuir Probe onboard the It uses a properly scaled version of electron density fluctuations directly measured by the PLP on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite to predict value of the scintillation index S-4. The results from the models will be compared with measurements performed by the 244-MHz SCINDA receivers located at Ancon, Peru (11.8 degrees S, 77.2 degrees W). C1 [Costa, Emanoel] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Estudos Telecomunicacoes, BR-22451900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Roddy, Patrick; Wiens, Kyle] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Valladares, Cesar] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Costa, E (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Estudos Telecomunicacoes, Rua Marques de Sao Vicente 225, BR-22451900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM epoc@cetuc.puc-rio.br; patrick.roddy@us.af.mil; kyle.wiens.1@us.af.mil; cesar.valladares@bc.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628702204 ER PT J AU Jackson-Booth, N Cannon, P Angling, M Caton, R Groves, K Pedersen, T Parris, R Su, YJ AF Jackson-Booth, Natasha Cannon, Paul Angling, Matthew Caton, Ronald Groves, Keith Pedersen, Todd Parris, Richard Su, Yi-Jiun GP IEEE TI Preliminary HF results from the Metal Oxide Space Cloud (MOSC) experiment SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB Artificial Ionospheric Modification (AIM) can occur through deliberate or incidental injections of aerosols, chemicals or radio (RF) signals into the ionosphere. The Metal Oxide Space Clouds (MOSC) experiment was undertaken in April/May 2013 to investigate chemical AIM. Two sounding rockets were launched from Kwajalein Atoll and each released a cloud of vaporized samarium (Sm). The samarium created a localized plasma cloud that formed an additional ionospheric layer. The effects were measured by a wide range of ground based instrumentation; this included a 17 channel direction finding chirp receiver. This system detected the new layer which remained visible to the HF sounder for approximately 25 minutes. The layer's maximum usable frequency peaked at approximately 10 MHz immediately after release. The direction to the reflection point remained constant at 355 degrees whilst the new layer was visible to the sounder. C1 [Jackson-Booth, Natasha; Angling, Matthew] QinetiQ, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. [Cannon, Paul; Angling, Matthew] Univ Birmingham, Poynting Inst, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Caton, Ronald; Pedersen, Todd; Parris, Richard; Su, Yi-Jiun] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Groves, Keith] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Jackson-Booth, N (reprint author), QinetiQ, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. EM njbooth@qinetiq.com; p.cannon@bham.ac.uk; mjangling@qinetiq.com; keith.groves@bc.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703146 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, AM Wise, J Lichtenberger, J Heilig, B Vellante, M Reda, J Fridel, RHW Henderson, MG Ober, DM Boudouridis, A Zesta, E Chi, PJ AF Jorgensen, Anders M. Wise, John Lichtenberger, Janos Heilig, Balazs Vellante, Massimo Reda, Jan Fridel, Reiner H. W. Henderson, Michael G. Ober, Daniel M. Boudouridis, Athanasios Zesta, Eftyhia Chi, Peter J. GP IEEE TI Data Assimilation of Space-Based and Ground-Based Observations, and Empirical Models Into a Plasmasphere Model SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI C1 [Jorgensen, Anders M.; Wise, John] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lichtenberger, Janos] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. [Heilig, Balazs] MFGI, Budapest, Hungary. [Vellante, Massimo] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Reda, Jan] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw 42, Poland. [Fridel, Reiner H. W.; Henderson, Michael G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ober, Daniel M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Boudouridis, Athanasios] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Zesta, Eftyhia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chi, Peter J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Jorgensen, AM (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM anders@nmt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703134 ER PT J AU Qin, JQ Celestin, S Pasko, VP Cummer, SA McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC AF Qin, Jianqi Celestin, Sebastien Pasko, Victor P. Cummer, Steven A. McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. GP IEEE TI Mechanisms of Sprite Initiation, Morphology, and Lightning Polarity Asymmetry SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB Sprites are spectacular optical emissions in the mesosphere induced by transient lightning electric fields above thunderstorms. Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the inception mechanism of sprite streamers, the origin of different sprite morphologies, and the lightning polarity asymmetry in producing sprites. In this paper, we present a combination of observational and modeling results explaining the physical parameters and processes that are important for the resolution of these outstanding issues. We first emphasize the presence of plasma inhomogeneities in the lower ionosphere as a necessary condition for the initiation of sprite streamers. Then we explain the relation between sprite morphology and the characteristics of the causative lightning discharges using plasma fluid modeling results in comparison with optical and radio observations. Finally, we discuss the critical factors that account for the lightning polarity asymmetry in producing sprites. C1 [Qin, Jianqi; Pasko, Victor P.] Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Celestin, Sebastien] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chem Environm & Space LPC2E, Orleans, France. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Qin, JQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jianqiqin@psu.edu; sebastien.celestin@cnrs-orleans.fr; vpasko@psu.edu; cummer@ee.duke.edu; Matthew.Mcharg@usafa.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016 OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703160 ER PT S AU Lake, RA Ziegler, KK Coutu, RA AF Lake, Robert A. Ziegler, Kyle K. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. BE Sberveglieri, G Ferrari, V TI Thermal tuning of MEMS buckled membrane actuator stiffness SO 28TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS (EUROSENSORS 2014) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS) CY SEP 07-10, 2014 CL Brescia, ITALY SP Natl Res Council, AISEM DE MEMS; thermal tuning; buckled membranes; tunable stiffness AB The thermal tuning characteristics of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) buckled membrane exhibiting regions of both positive and negative stiffness is examined and analyzed using finite element method (FEM) simulation and through experimentation. The membranes are fabricated by releasing a silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) laminated membrane from a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between Si and SiO2 induces a compressive stress in the SiO2 layer causing out-of-plane buckling of the membrane. This structure is found to have positive and negative stiffness regions when actuated with a transverse force. It is demonstrated that the stiffness of the membrane can be tuned by introducing a thermal stress to the membrane. Comparisons between localized heating of the membrane and even heating of the entire substrate are shown to affect the direction of the membrane deflection and tuning characteristics. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lake, Robert A.; Ziegler, Kyle K.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 87 BP 1382 EP 1385 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.700 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BE2LJ UT WOS:000369531700334 ER PT S AU Fruh, C Jah, MK AF Fruh, Carolin Jah, Moriba K. BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI DETECTION PROBABILITY OF EARTH ORBITING OBJECTS USING OPTICAL SENSORS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB The space around Earth is becoming more congested with increasing launches and the proliferation of debris. Over 93 percent of the catalogued objects are uncontrolled and non-operational space objects, so-called space debris. The origin, material, and attitude motion of the majority of those objects are unknown, even if orbital information is available. In the realm of space situation awareness (SSA), information on state, attitude and material of all objects is sought. For Earth orbiting objects, especially those in high altitude orbits as in the geo-stationary ring, ground based optical sensors are a cost-efficient way to gain information. Resolved images, however, can only be gained of satellites and space debris objects in Low Earth orbits with ground based optical sensor capabilities, because atmospheric seeing may limit the (theoretically attainable) resolution of the sensor. Position information, that is astrometric line-of-sight position and tangent velocity information and brightness (magnitude) information may be extracted from series of subsequent images. The reflected light received by the telescope depends on the observation geometry, object size, object reflection properties and the attitude motion of the object. The object needs to be in the field of view (FOV) to be detected as a minimal criteria. However, the crucial factor is the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the point source on the telescope frames. The SNR does not only affect the probability of detection, but also the measured position accuracy and magnitude errors. Objects with a rapid attitude motion and non-spherical shape and/or non-uniform reflection properties result in unresolved object images, which appear with rapidly changing brightness on the detector frame. In this paper, the detection probability's dependence on object state, its characteristics and orbital region (distance to the observer and observation scenario) that are investigated. The effect of sensor specifications (aperture size, quantum efficiency etc.) and geometry on detection probability and brightness errors using different observation scenarios are shown. C1 [Fruh, Carolin; Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fruh, Carolin] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Univ New Mexico,MSCO1 1150, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fruh, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cfrueh@unm.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 3 EP 14 PN I-III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600001 ER PT S AU DeMars, KJ Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Jah, Moriba K. BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI PROBABILISTIC INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION USING RADAR RETURNS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA ID ADMISSIBLE REGIONS AB The most complete description of the state of a system at any time is given by knowledge of the probability density function, which describes the locus of possible states conditioned on any available measurement information. When employing radar returns, an admissible region approach provides a physics-based region of the right-ascension rate/declination rate space of possible Earth-bound orbit solutions. This work develops a method that employs a probabilistic interpretation of the admissible region and approximates the admissible region by a Gaussian mixture to formulate an initial orbit determination solution. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 35 EP 54 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600003 ER PT S AU Wilkins, MP Pfeiffer, A Schumacher, PW Jah, MK AF Wilkins, Matthew P. Pfeiffer, Avi Schumacher, Paul W. Jah, Moriba K. BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI TOWARDS AN ARTIFICIAL SPACE OBJECT TAXONOMY SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB Object recognition is the first step in positively identifying a resident space object (RSO), i.e. assigning an RSO to a category such as GPS satellite or space debris. Object identification is the process of deciding that two RSOs are in fact one and the same. Provided we have appropriately defined a satellite taxonomy that allows us to place a given RSO into a particular class of object without any ambiguity, one can assess the probability of assignment to a particular class by determining how well the object satisfies the unique criteria of belonging to that class. Ultimately, tree-based taxonomies delineate unique signatures by defming the minimum amount of information required to positively identify a RSO. Therefore, taxonomic trees can be used to depict hypotheses in a Bayesian object recognition and identification process. This work describes a new RSO taxonomy along with specific reasoning behind the choice of groupings. We will demonstrate how to implement this taxonomy in Figaro, an open source probabilistic programming language. C1 [Wilkins, Matthew P.] Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Pfeiffer, Avi] Charles River Analyt Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schumacher, Paul W.] Air Force Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilkins, MP (reprint author), Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 113 EP 132 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600007 ER PT S AU Jagat, A Sinclair, AJ Sherrill, RE Lovell, TA AF Jagat, Ashish Sinclair, Andrew J. Sherrill, Ryan E. Lovell, T. Alan BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI OPTIMAL ONE AND TWO-IMPULSE MANEUVERS FOR RELATIVE SATELLITE INTERCEPTION AND RECONFIGURATION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA ID CIRCULAR ORBIT; VICINITY AB This paper investigates impulsive maneuver planning for relative satellite motion about either elliptical or circular reference orbits. Problems to intercept an arbitrary final position or reconfigure to an arbitrary final position and velocity, while minimizing the magnitude of the velocity changes, are considered. By specifying the maneuvers to use one or two impulses, respectively, the problem can be reduced to an unconstrained optimization problem for the maneuver times, without requiring solution for the primer vector. Results show the significance of the phasing of the maneuver times relative to the final time. C1 [Jagat, Ashish; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sherrill, Ryan E.] Univ Florida, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Sherrill, Ryan E.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jagat, A (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 591 EP 608 PN I-III PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600035 ER PT S AU Cheng, Y Fruh, C DeMars, KJ AF Cheng, Yang Fruh, Carolin DeMars, Kyle J. BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI COMPARISONS OF PHD FILTER AND CPHD FILTER FOR SPACE OBJECT TRACKING SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA ID HYPOTHESIS DENSITY FILTER AB The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and the Cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filter are two computationally tractable approximate Bayesian multi object filters within the Finite Set Statistics framework. The PHD filter estimates the intensity function; the CPHD filter estimates the intensity function and the conditional distribution of the number of objects. The two filters are compared in an example of tracking three space objects, where the CPHD filter is shown to estimate the number of objects as well as the intensity function more accurately. C1 [Cheng, Yang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fruh, Carolin] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [DeMars, Kyle J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Cheng, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 1043 EP 1054 PN I-III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600062 ER PT S AU Sherrill, RE Sinclair, AJ Sinha, SC Lovell, TA AF Sherrill, Ryan E. Sinclair, Andrew J. Sinha, S. C. Lovell, T. Alan BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI CALIBRATION OF HILL-CLOHESSY-WILTSHIRE INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR ELLIPTIC RELATIVE MOTION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB The relative motion between chief and deputy satellites in close proximity with orbits of arbitrary eccentricity can be described by linearized time-varying equations of motion. The linear time-invariant Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations are typically derived from these equations by assuming the chief satellite is in a circular orbit. Three transformations derived from Lyapunov-Floquet theory and an integral-preserving transformation have previously been determined which relate the time-varying equations of motion to the HCW equations. These transformations are used as a method for selecting initial conditions to approximate elliptic relative motion using the HCW equations with far greater accuracy than the true initial conditions. C1 [Sherrill, Ryan E.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sinha, S. C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sherrill, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 1377 EP 1395 PN I-III PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600080 ER PT S AU Sherrill, RE Sinclair, AJ Sinha, SC Lovell, TA AF Sherrill, Ryan E. Sinclair, Andrew J. Sinha, S. C. Lovell, T. Alan BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI CONTINUOUS-THRUST CONTROL OF SATELLITE RELATIVE MOTION IN ELLIPTIC ORBITS USING A LYAPUNOV-FLOQUET GENERALIZATION OF THE HCW EQUATIONS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB This paper proposes a method for continuous-thrust control for satellite formation flying in elliptic orbits. A previously calculated Lyapunov-Floquet transformation relates the linearized equations of relative motion for arbitrary chief eccentricity to the HCW equations. Using a control law based on Lyapunov-Floquet theory, a time-varying feedback gain is computed that drives a deputy satellite toward rendezvous with an eccentric chief. The control law stabilizes the relative motion across a wide range of chief eccentricities. By contrast, an associated constant gain control law is unstable for high eccentricities and uses more control effort for near-circular orbits. C1 [Sherrill, Ryan E.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sinha, S. C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sherrill, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 1447 EP 1465 PN I-III PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600084 ER PT S AU McCall, PD Naudeau, ML Andrian, JH Barreto, A Rishe, N Adjouadi, M AF McCall, Paul D. Naudeau, Madeleine L. Andrian, Jean H. Barreto, Armando Rishe, Naphtali Adjouadi, Malek BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI SPACE-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF DEBRIS IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT VIA LWIR IMAGING SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB Every space launch increases the overall amount of space debris, especially when circumstances result in the orbital objects being stranded in orbit with no de-orbiting capabilities. Studies contributing to the understanding of space debris aid spacecraft operators in mitigating risk associated with Earth-orbiting debris objects. Accurately characterizing the debris threat to a spacecraft is of vital importance in maximizing the lifespan and mission capabilities of the spacecraft. This investigation aims to build LWIR radiometric models of typical debris and use these models to develop techniques for detecting and characterizing the debris object by signal analysis of unresolved imagery. C1 [McCall, Paul D.; Andrian, Jean H.; Barreto, Armando; Rishe, Naphtali; Adjouadi, Malek] Florida Int Univ, 10555 West Flaglcr St,EC-2220, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [McCall, Paul D.; Naudeau, Madeleine L.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP McCall, PD (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, 10555 West Flaglcr St,EC-2220, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM pmcca001@fiu.edu; adjouadi@fiu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 2211 EP 2221 PN I-III PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600130 ER PT B AU Ghosh, D Hallenbeck, PC AF Ghosh, Dipankar Hallenbeck, Patrick C. BE Lu, X TI Metabolic Engineering: Key for Improving Biological Hydrogen Production SO BIOFUELS: FROM MICROBES TO MOLECULES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; BACTERIUM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES OU001; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; TRICARBOXYLIC-ACID CYCLE; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; GENE KNOCK-OUT; SYNECHOCYSTIS SP; H-2 PRODUCTION AB Hydrogen is a renewable, efficient and clean fuel. Photobiological and fermentative microorganisms hold great promise as a means for biological hydrogen production. Different metabolic pathways come into play for hydrogen evolution in various microbes depending upon the available substrate, enzyme activity, environmental conditions and growth kinetics of the microbial system. Known microbial systems are unable to achieve the theoretical maximal for either molar hydrogen yield or cumulative or specific hydrogen productivity. The major reasons for this are thermodynamic and physiological barriers related to the metabolisms of the different microorganisms. Here we review the development of metabolically engineered microorganisms for improved biohydrogen production. C1 [Ghosh, Dipankar; Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Life Sci Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Ghosh, D (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM dipankarghosh.umontreal@gmail.com; patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca NR 203 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-63-8; 978-1-908230-45-4 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BF9AS UT WOS:000385399900002 ER PT J AU O'Connell, KM De Jong, MJ Dufour, KM Millwater, TL Dukes, SF Winik, CL AF O'Connell, Karen M. De Jong, Marla J. Dufour, Karey M. Millwater, Teresa L. Dukes, Susan F. Winik, Connie L. TI An Integrated Review of Simulation Use in Aeromedical Evacuation Training SO CLINICAL SIMULATION IN NURSING LA English DT Review DE simulation; aeromedical evacuation; research gaps; transport; literature review; training; evaluation; flight nursing; en route care; military medicine; aviation AB For decades, health care, pilots, firefighters, and other professionals have used simulation to train because they can learn, practice, and perform new, high-risk or low-volume skills and procedures in a "safe'' environment. Most military combat casualties are transported by aeromedical evacuation to receive medical care. We conducted an integrated review of the research literature to examine the uses and efficacy of simulation in training aeromedical evacuation crew members who work in a military or civilian setting. In this paper, we review research literature regarding the topic and describe four research gaps regarding use of simulation training in aeromedical evacuation. (C) 2014 International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connell, Karen M.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Nursing Res, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [De Jong, Marla J.; Winik, Connie L.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dufour, Karey M.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, STARS P Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millwater, Teresa L.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dukes, Susan F.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Res Dept, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Connell, KM (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Nursing Res, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM karen.oconnell@us.af.mil FU 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This project was supported by a grant from the 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1876-1399 EI 1876-1402 J9 CLIN SIMUL NURS JI Clin. Simul. Nurs. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP E11 EP E18 DI 10.1016/j.ecns.2013.07.004 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA V42OT UT WOS:000209623800004 ER PT S AU Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Proximal Constrained Waveform Design Algorithms for Cognitive Radar STAP SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID MONOTONE-OPERATORS; POINT ALGORITHM; CLUTTER; SIGNAL; INFORMATION AB Waveform design is an important component of the fully adaptive radar construct. In this paper we consider waveform design for radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), accounting for the waveform dependence of the clutter correlation matrix. Due to this dependence, in general, the joint problem of receiver weight vector optimization and radar waveform design is intractable. To addresses scarcity of representative data in range cells for estimating the STAP correlation matrices, we consider proximal constrained alternating minimization. These algorithms, at each step, regularize and optimize the STAP weight vector and the waveform iteratively. Unlike traditional STAP techniques, these algorithms are numerically stable, and can be used in the practical training data starved STAP scenarios. Our simulations reveal a non-increasing error variance at the output of the filter. C1 [Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900025 ER PT S AU Ashrafi, A Wenndt, S AF Ashrafi, Ashkan Wenndt, Stanley BE Matthews, MB TI Classification of Sonorant Consonants Utilizing Empirical Mode Decomposition SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Sonorant consonants; Nasals; Semivowels; Empirical mode decomposition; Support vector machine ID NASAL CONSONANTS AB In this paper, a method to classify nasal utterance among sonorant consonants utilizing empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is introduced. In this method, each audio signal is divided into overlapping 20 millisecond frames. Then each frame's signal is decomposed by using the EMD. Four different features are extracted from each frame to create a vector. These vectors are employed to train a support vector machine (SVM) with radial basis functions. A different set of audio signals are used to validate the SVM model. The results show an overall correct identification rate of 91.19% for nasals and 89.74% for semivowels. C1 [Ashrafi, Ashkan] San Diego State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wenndt, Stanley] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Ashrafi, A (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ashrafi@mail.sdsu.edu; stanley.wenndt@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900152 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M Nehorai, A AF Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Nehorai, Arye BE Matthews, MB TI Passive Multistatic Radar Based on Long-term Evolution Signals SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Passive radar; Multistatic; Ambiguity Function; Long Term Evolution ID BISTATIC RADAR AB Passive multistatic radar has drawn much attention in recent years owing to the several advantages of operating in a distributed configuration that have already been demonstrated for active radar. In a passive setup, the transmitted signal can be selected from among several illuminators occupying the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, we compute the non-coherent and coherent ambiguity function expressions using 4G long term evolution signals as the illuminators of opportunity. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ, Preston M Green Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sandeep.gogineni@wright.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1413 EP 1417 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900254 ER PT S AU Qureshi, TR Rangaswamy, M Bell, KL AF Qureshi, Tariq R. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Bell, Kristine L. BE Matthews, MB TI Improving Multistatic MIMO Radar Performance in Data-Limited Scenarios SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A MIMO Multistatic radar system consists of multiple bistatic MIMO pairs working in potentially different configurations. If a bistatic pair in a Multistatic MIMO radar system employs multiple transmit and receive elements, this increases the dimensionality of the data received over a Coherent Processing Interval (CPI), which in turn increases the training data needed to reliably estimate the covariance matrix. This, coupled with the non-stationarity in the received data resulting from the bistatic geometry further degrades the quality of the covariance matrix estimate used in the adaptive detector. In [1], Bell et al. presented a physics based MIMO clutter model, and showed that lack of training data support renders the MIMO radar unfeasible in that the individual bistatic pairs can outperform the overall MIMO system. For these systems, we need to investigate techniques that perform reasonably well in data limited scenarios. In this paper, we show that the physics based clutter model presented in [1] can be approximated as an AR process of model order 4. This has implications for the amount of data that is needed to reliably estimate the AR parameters. For the purpose of this discussion, we use the optimum AR coefficients for every model order generated using the clairvoyant clutter covariance matrix, and characterize the performance using two metrics: SINR loss, and the probability of detection as a function of SINR. C1 [Qureshi, Tariq R.; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, Sensors Directore, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Qureshi, TR (reprint author), AFRL, Sensors Directore, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM trqureshi@gmail.com; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil; bell@metsci.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1423 EP 1427 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900256 ER PT S AU Jones, AM Rigling, BD Rangaswamy, M AF Jones, Aaron M. Rigling, Brian D. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Eigen-Basis Analysis of Expected Modulus Perturbation for Constrained Signal Design SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Radar waveforms typically require a constant modulus (constant amplitude) transmit signal to efficiently exploit the available transmit power. However, recent hardware advances and the capability for arbitrary (phase and amplitude) designed waveforms have forced a re-examination of this assumption to quantify the impact of modulus perturbation from phase only signals. In this paper, we express the signal modulus in terms of an eigen-basis obtained from a well-known eigenvalue distribution that is equivalent, in the limit of large data, to the eigen-spectrum of an interference and noise covariance matrix for certain radar data. We also derive a generalized predictive model for the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) as a function of the modulus and basis dimension to aid in the decision making process of an adaptive radar. Monte Carlo computer simulations are used to validate the analytical findings. C1 [Jones, Aaron M.; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jones, AM (reprint author), AFRL, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 2021 EP 2026 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900365 ER PT S AU Moore, LJ Rigling, BD Penno, RP AF Moore, Linda J. Rigling, Brian D. Penno, Robert P. BE Matthews, MB TI Characterization of Information in Phase of Radar Range Profiles SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE high range resolution (HRR); radar range profiles; phase information; target feature estimation; position accuracy; error variance; Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) AB This work characterizes information in the phase of radar range profiles with respect to the estimation of features of a target present in the measured signal. A physics-based high-frequency parametric model is employed to describe the radar backscatter. Information is quantified by the error standard deviation of target parameter estimates from noisy radar signals with phase either included or discarded. Phase information is shown to provide a factor of six, and four, increase in achievable target position and amplitude estimation, respectively, for X-band signals. The inclusion of phase for target parameter estimation enables significantly improved discrimination of frequency-dependent scattering characteristics. C1 [Moore, Linda J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moore, Linda J.; Penno, Robert P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Moore, LJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM linda.moore.10@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 2027 EP 2031 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900366 ER PT S AU Sharma, R Yoder, J Kwon, H Pack, D AF Sharma, Rajnikant Yoder, Josiah Kwon, Hyukseong Pack, Daniel BE Hsieh, MA Chirikjian, G TI Vision Based Mobile Target Geo-localization and Target Discrimination Using Bayes Detection Theory SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS) CY NOV, 2012 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD HO Johns Hopkins Univ AB In this paper, we develop a technique to discriminate ground moving targets when viewed from cameras mounted on different fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). First, we develop a extended kalman filter (EKF) technique to estimate position and velocity of ground moving targets using images taken from cameras mounted on UAVs. Next, we use Bayesian detection theory to derive a log likelihood ratio test to determine if the estimates of moving targets computed at two different UAVs belong to a same target or to two different targets. We show the efficacy of the log likelihood ratio test using several simulation results. C1 [Sharma, Rajnikant; Yoder, Josiah; Kwon, Hyukseong; Pack, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rajnikant.sharma.ctr.in@usafa.edu; josiah.yoder.ctr@usafa.edu; hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-642-55146-8; 978-3-642-55145-1 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2014 VL 104 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55146-8_5 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE7SX UT WOS:000375850800005 ER PT J AU Bennett, TD Spaeder, MC Matos, RI Watson, RS Typpo, KV Khemani, RG Crow, S Benneyworth, BD Thiagarajan, RR Dean, JM Markovitz, BP AF Bennett, Tellen D. Spaeder, Michael C. Matos, Renee I. Watson, R. Scott Typpo, Katri V. Khemani, Robinder G. Crow, Sheri Benneyworth, Brian D. Thiagarajan, Ravi R. Dean, J. Michael Markovitz, Barry P. CA PALISI TI Existing data analysis in pediatric critical care research SO FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE pediatrics; intensive care; outcomes research; epidemiology; health services AB Our objectives were to review and categorize the existing data sources that are important to pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) investigators and the types of questions that have been or could be studied with each data source. We conducted a narrative review of the medical literature, categorized the data sources available to PCCM investigators, and created an online data source registry. We found that many data sources are available for research in PCCM. To date, PCCM investigators have most often relied on pediatric critical care registries and treatment- or disease-specific registries. The available data sources vary widely in the level of clinical detail and the types of questions they can reliably answer. Linkage of data sources can expand the types of questions that a data source can be used to study. Careful matching of the scientific question to the best available data source or linked data sources is necessary. In addition, rigorous application of the best available analysis techniques and reporting consistent with observational research standards will maximize the quality of research using existing data in PCCM. C1 [Bennett, Tellen D.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Pediat Crit Care, 13199 E Montview Blvd,Suite 300,Campus Mail F443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Spaeder, Michael C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Matos, Renee I.] US Air Force, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Pediat Crit Care, San Antonio, TX USA. [Watson, R. Scott] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, CRISMA Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Watson, R. Scott] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pediat Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Typpo, Katri V.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Pediat Crit Care, Tucson, AZ USA. [Khemani, Robinder G.; Markovitz, Barry P.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Crow, Sheri] Mayo Clin, Pediat Crit Care Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Benneyworth, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Crit Care Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Thiagarajan, Ravi R.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Pediat Crit Care Med, Boston, MA USA. [Dean, J. Michael] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Pediat Crit Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Bennett, TD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Pediat Crit Care, 13199 E Montview Blvd,Suite 300,Campus Mail F443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM tell.bennett@ucdenver.edu OI Bennett, Tellen/0000-0003-1483-4236 FU NICHD [1K23HD074620] FX We are indebted to Matthew Hall, Ph.D., Jeff Jacobs, M.D., and Marshall Jacobs, M.D., for the information they provided. Tellen D. Bennett was supported by NICHD 1K23HD074620. This work was performed while Dr. Bennett was at the University of Utah School of Medicine. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-2360 J9 FRONT PEDIATR JI Front. Pediatr. PY 2014 VL 2 AR 79 DI 10.3389/fped.2014.00079 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA V46PX UT WOS:000209897200078 PM 25121079 ER PT J AU Bruening, DA Ridge, ST AF Bruening, Dustin A. Ridge, Sarah Trager TI Automated event detection algorithms in pathological gait SO GAIT & POSTURE LA English DT Article DE Instrumented gait analysis; Gait cycle; Gait classification or pattern; Event detection; Automation ID KINEMATIC DATA; FOOT; CONTACT; WALKING; REPEATABILITY; CHILDREN; MODEL AB Accurate automated event detection is important in increasing the efficiency and utility of instrumented gait analysis. Published automated event detection algorithms, however, have had limited testing on pathological populations, particularly those where force measurements are not available or reliable. In this study we first postulated robust definitions of gait events that were subsequently used to compare kinematic based event detection algorithms across difficult pathologies. We hypothesized that algorithm accuracy would vary by gait pattern, and that accurate event detection could be accomplished by first visually classifying the gait pattern, and subsequently choosing the most appropriate algorithm. Nine published kinematic event detection algorithms were applied to an existing instrumented pediatric gait database (primarily cerebral palsy pathologies), that were categorized into 4 visually distinct gait patterns. More than 750 total events were manually rated and these events were used as a gold standard for comparison to each algorithm. Results suggested that for foot strike events, algorithm choice was dependent on whether the foot's motion in terminal swing was more horizontal or vertical. For horizontal foot motion in swing, algorithms that used horizontal position, resultant sagittal plane velocity, or horizontal acceleration signals were most robust; while for vertical foot motion, resultant sagittal velocity or vertical acceleration excelled. For toe off events, horizontal position or resultant sagittal plane velocity performed the best across all groups. We also tuned the resultant sagittal plane velocity signal to walking speed to create an algorithm that can be used for all groups and in real time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bruening, Dustin A.] Shriners Hosp Children, Erie, PA USA. [Bruening, Dustin A.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. [Ridge, Sarah Trager] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Bruening, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Labs, 2500 Q St,Bldg 824, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dabruening@gmail.com NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0966-6362 EI 1879-2219 J9 GAIT POSTURE JI Gait Posture PD JAN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 1 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.023 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 259QS UT WOS:000327542000080 PM 24041468 ER PT S AU Hafer, WT Reed, HL Turner, JD Pham, K AF Hafer, William T. Reed, Helen L. Turner, James D. Pham, Khanh BE May, AJ TI INITIAL AND FEEDBACK SOLUTIONS FOR ORBITAL PURSUIT EVASION USING A HOMOTOPY METHOD SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2014 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 31-FEB 05, 2014 CL Rocky Mt Sect, Breckenridge, CO HO Rocky Mt Sect AB A homotopy technique for solving the orbital pursuit evasion problem is shown. The method is based on an analytical solution to the problem in a zero-gravity environment. A homotopy method is then used to obtain the desired solution in full gravity. Additional homotopy strategies can also be used. In particular, we show a feedback implementation obtained by performing homotopies in the system states over short time steps. When successful, the method is many times faster than alternative methods that rely on expensive optimization techniques. The limitation of the method is that the solution traversal mechanism cannot cross over barrier surfaces, where the solution is discontinuous. Techniques accounting for this limitation are the subject of future work. C1 [Hafer, William T.; Reed, Helen L.; Turner, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. RP Hafer, WT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM will_hafer@neo.tamu.edu; helen.reed@tamu.edu; turner@aero.tamu.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-609-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 151 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE4FS UT WOS:000371654300020 ER PT B AU Carbonell, BM AF Carbonell, Brenden M. BE Font, MA Tinajero, A TI CUBAN CORPORATISM BATISTA'S THREE-YEAR PLAN AND A NATION BETRAYED SO HANDBOOK ON CUBAN HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carbonell, Brenden M.] US Air Force, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-61205-690-6; 978-1-315-52500-6; 978-1-61205-679-1 PY 2014 BP 65 EP 78 PG 14 WC Cultural Studies; History; Literature SC Cultural Studies; History; Literature GA BF7NT UT WOS:000384297200006 ER PT S AU Warner, KE Lanzerotti, MY Bartsch, CM Lombardi, JP AF Warner, Kristian E., Jr. Lanzerotti, Mary Y. Bartsch, Carrie M. Lombardi, Jack P., III GP IEEE TI Characterization of Electrical and Physical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Ink SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB This paper presents a method of characterizing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ink and discusses preliminary research results of our characterization efforts. First, the process of ink jet printing SWCNT ink onto organic and inorganic substrates is discussed. Next, the tests for measuring sheet resistance, conductance, thickness, roll-off, and S-parameters of the ink are described. Future research directions will be discussed, including the additional characterization of SWCNT ink C1 [Warner, Kristian E., Jr.; Lanzerotti, Mary Y.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Lombardi, Jack P., III] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Warner, KE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kwarnerjr2013@gmail.com; marylanzerotti2012@gmail.com; cmbartsch@ieee.org; j.p.lombardi3@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800003 ER PT S AU Vella, JH Goldsmith, J Limberopoulos, NI Derov, JS Drehman, AJ AF Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Derov, John S. Drehman, Alvin J. GP IEEE TI High Throughput, Large Scale, Broadband, Plasmonic Nanostructure Fabrication for Optical Sensors SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE nanoparticles; plasmonics; fabrication ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; GOLD NANORODS; ORGANIC CHROMOPHORE; ENHANCEMENT AB Plasmonics have the potential to enhance the performance of detectors. A thermal metal dewetting process was developed which can be easily scaled for high throughput production. Through this process, plasmonic nanostructures were fabricated providing broadband plasmon resonance tunable over a 1000 nm wavelength range. The plasmonic media and their integration into fluorescence-based sensors will be described. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Derov, John S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Drehman, Alvin J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Vella, JH (reprint author), Wyle, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800007 ER PT S AU Allen, KW Duran, JM Ariyawansa, G Vella, JH Limberopoulos, NI Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Duran, Joshua M. Ariyawansa, Gamini Vella, Jarrett H. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Photonic Jets for Strained-Layer Superlattice Infrared Photodetector Enhancement SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE photonic jets; photodetectors; photodiodes; strained-layer superlattice; midwave-infrared; sensitivity of photodetectors; microspheres AB Photonic jets are light beams focused by dielectric microspheres down to subwavelength dimensions. In this work we show that they can be used for enhancing performance of strained-layer superlattice (SLS) infrared (IR) photodiodes in the midwave-infrared spectral band (3-5 mu m). We optimized the design of these structures and experimentally demonstrated the increased sensitivity compared to conventional photodetectors. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Duran, Joshua M.; Ariyawansa, Gamini; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ariyawansa, Gamini] UES, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, KW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kallen62@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800008 ER PT S AU Tsang, L Ding, KH Duvelle, PN Vella, JH Goldsmith, J Devlin, CLH Limberopoulos, NI AF Tsang, Leung Ding, Kung-Hau Duvelle, Philippe N. Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John Devlin, Christie L. H. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. GP IEEE TI Optical Imaging over a Plasmonic Thin Film with Deep-Subwavelength Surface Roughness SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus ID SUPERLENS; LENS AB Subwavelength imaging has been reported for a layer of plasmonic thin IiIm. In this paper, we investigate the enhancement of the sub-diffraction-Iimit imaging using subwavelength surface roughness. Full wave simulations are carried out based on Lippmann Schwinger equation with linearized scattering potentials. Progresses in experiment are also reported. C1 [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ding, Kung-Hau; Duvelle, Philippe N.; Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John; Devlin, Christie L. H.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tsang, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tsang1@uw.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800010 ER PT S AU Devlin, CLH Vella, JH Walker, DE Lombardi, JP Limberopoulos, NI Derov, JS AF Devlin, Christie L. H. Vella, Jarrett H. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Lombardi, Jack P. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Derov, John S. GP IEEE TI Nanoscale Gradient Index Media Fabrication for Extreme Control and Tunability of Optical Wave Propagation SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE gradient index; Luneburg lens; nanofabrication; optical wave; control; tunability; thermal ID LUNEBURG LENS AB Gradient Index Media have multiple applications for controlling the wave propagation and harvesting its received energy or processing its embedded data. A nanofabrication process was developed to produce a Luneburg lens on silicon, to operate in the optical regime, with feature sizes smaller than 100nm. The focused energy of the Luneburg lens is compared with lenses of non-spatially-varying index as well as a linear spatial variation, and its enhanced focusing is clearly demonstrated. In addition, a mechanism of thermal tunability of such devices is proposed and is supported by our results. C1 [Devlin, Christie L. H.; Vella, Jarrett H.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Lombardi, Jack P.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Derov, John S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Devlin, Christie L. H.] Adatom Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.] Wyle, Dayton, OK USA. RP Devlin, CLH (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800012 ER PT S AU Allen, KW Farahi, N Li, YC Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Farahi, Navid Li, Yangcheng Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Super-Resolution Imaging by Arrays of High-Index Spheres Embedded in Transparent Matrices SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE super-resolution; imaging; microscopy; microsphere; photonic nanojet ID MICROSPHERES; LIGHT AB We fabricated thin-films made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with embedded high-index (n similar to 1.9-2.2) microspheres for super-resolution imaging applications. To control the position of microspheres, such films can be translated along the surface of the nanoplasmonic structure to be imaged. Microsphere-assisted imaging, through these matrices, provided lateral resolution of similar to lambda/7 in nanoplasmonic dimer arrays with an illuminating wavelength lambda=405 nm. Such thin films can be used as contact optical components to boost the resolution capability of conventional microscopes. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, KW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kallen62@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800013 ER PT S AU Vella, JH Vasilyev, V Goldsmith, J Limberopoulos, NI Derov, JS AF Vella, Jarrett H. Vasilyev, Vladimir Goldsmith, John Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Derov, John S. GP IEEE TI Surface Plasmon Enhanced Rare Earth Fluorescence for Increased Imaging Efficiency SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE fluorescence; enhancement; plasmon; imaging; tantalate; rare earth; praseodymium; terbium; dysprosium; thulium ID POLYTANTALATE; MICROSCOPY; GLASS AB Ions of rare earth metals are widely known for their versatile ultraviolet, visible, near infrared and middle infrared fluorescence; they can be excited by wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet to near infrared. The preparation and optimization of infrared fluorescent ceramics will be discussed, as well as their thin film incorporation into plasmonic systems for fluorescent imaging with enhanced efficiency. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Goldsmith, John; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Derov, John S.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John] Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. RP Vella, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800014 ER PT S AU Li, YC Maslov, AV Limberopoulos, NI Astratov, VN AF Li, Yangcheng Maslov, Alexey V. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of whispering-gallery-mode resonant enhancement of optical forces SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE optical force; optical propulsion; resonant enhancement; WGMs; tapered fiber; optical tweezers; microsphere ID MICROSPHERICAL PHOTONICS AB We experimentally studied whispering-gallerymodes (WGMs) and demonstrated resonance enhancement of optical forces evanescently exerted on dielectric microspheres. We showed that the resonant light pressure can be used for optical sorting of microparticles with extraordinary uniform resonant properties that is unachievable by conventional sorting techniques. C1 [Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Maslov, Alexey V.] Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Dept Radiophys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM yli63@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800015 ER PT S AU Vakil, MI Malas, JA Megherbi, DB AF Vakil, Mohammad I. Malas, John A. Megherbi, Dalila B. GP IEEE TI Guided Execution of Hybrid Similarity-Measures for Registration of Partially Overlapped Aerial Imagery SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE image registration; normalized cross-correlation; wavelet transform; mutual information; aerial imagery AB This work presents a two-phase image registration technique utilizing a hybrid feature-based and an area-based similarity measure of partially overlapped aerial imagery in presence of affine translation and rotation transformations. The resulting selectively guided execution of similarity measures provides a reduction in search space, reducing the computational cost of the proposed algorithm. This multi-stage approach enhances the capability to perform image registration of low resolution imagery where scenes may have many structures but lack well defined structures for conventional feature extraction or lack to have enough variations in the intensity values to diminish statistical dependencies. The inherent statistical attributes of area-based methods are exploited through the sequential use of complex correlation and mutual information on physics-based features. C1 [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Malas, John A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Megherbi, Dalila B.] Univ Massachusetts, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Vakil, MI (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800017 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, J Vasilyev, V Vella, JH Limberopoulos, NI Starman, L AF Goldsmith, John Vasilyev, Vladimir Vella, Jarrett H. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Starman, Lavern GP IEEE TI Black Aluminum: a novel anti-reflective absorbing coating SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE Black Absorbing Anti-reflective Coatings; Thermal Detector; Pyro-electric Detector AB Black absorbing and antireflective coatings have many optical sensing applications. A process to deposit Black Aluminum, a novel anti-reflective coating has been discovered. Black Aluminum films with controlled thickness were deposited on silicon and their reflection spectra were investigated. In addition, to test the effectiveness of this new material at the device level, pyroelectric devices were fabricated with Black Aluminum acting as the absorbing layer. Significant enhancement in the pyroelectric response is reported for devices coated with Black Aluminum as compared to devices without the Black Aluminum absorbing layer. C1 [Goldsmith, John; Vella, Jarrett H.] Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. [Goldsmith, John; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Vella, Jarrett H.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Starman, Lavern] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Goldsmith, J (reprint author), Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800018 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Dakhil, B Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Dakhil, Balsam Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Transform Sensing of Phased Array Radar SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE transform sensing; phased array radar; discrete cosine transform (DCT); discrete wavelet transform (DWT) AB A completely new scheme called transform sensing is proposed for the phased array radar. The new scheme forms certain beam patterns, which directly perform desired transform, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) or discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to the space. The received signals will be the coefficients of transform instead of raw data reflected from the target. By doing so, signal processing is performed in an online fashion to render attractive advantages which we never experienced before. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Dakhil, Balsam; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800021 ER PT S AU Liou, LL Lin, DM Lin, E Chen, CIH AF Liou, Lee L. Lin, David M. Lin, Ethan Chen, Chien-In H. GP IEEE TI SENSITIVITY SIMULATION OF COMPRESSED SENSING BASED EW RECEIVER USING ORTHOGONAL MATCHING PURSUIT ALGORITHM SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB The wideband coverage of the traditional FFT-based electronic warfare (EW) receiver is limited by the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Compressed sensing (CS) based wideband EW digital receiver has been proposed and under development to process wideband sparse signals with reduced sampling rate. In this study, we calculate the sensitivity of a CS based EW receiver. Two modulation schemes of CS are used. One is pseudorandom chip (PRC) and the other is non-uniform sampling (NUS) modulation. The orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is used to process CS data. The insufficient nature of the sparcity of the signal adversely affects the signal detection probability for both PRC and NUS modulation schemes. Methods to remedy this problem in both modulation schemes are proposed. The improvement in the signal detection and thus the sensitivity performance of the CS based receiver are presented. C1 [Liou, Lee L.; Lin, David M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lin, Ethan; Chen, Chien-In H.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800022 ER PT S AU Wang, L Calderon, B Martinez, ME Jarusiewic, R Starr, L Poth, R Conley, P Miranda, A AF Wang, Loria Calderon, Brian Martinez, M. Elena Jarusiewic, Randall Starr, Lynise Poth, Robert Conley, Preston Miranda, Analee GP IEEE TI A comparison of theoretical, computational, and experimental human electromagnetic scattering at VHF and UHF SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB Radar-based human detection and classification is a diverse research field that is rich with challenging open problems. There are currently several commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) computational electromagnetic software packages that have developed human packages specifically for the purpose of radar-based human detection and classification research. In this paper we compare a theoretical and computational state-of-the-art software to recent experimental data on adult and child human subjects using a static radar operating in VHF and UHF. We find that there are unique human-based resonances in the UHF band that may aid researchers in finding a way to classify a general age class and estimate certain physical biometric indexes from radar scattering measurements. We continue the analysis by comparing the regions of the human body that maximally scatter based on frequency selection. We conclude the paper by listing a set of open problems that have been determined based on our papers analysis. C1 [Wang, Loria] Macauley Brown Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Calderon, Brian; Martinez, M. Elena; Jarusiewic, Randall; Starr, Lynise] Infocitex Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poth, Robert; Conley, Preston] RNET Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Miranda, Analee] US Air Force, Res Lab Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Macauley Brown Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800023 ER PT S AU Harrity, K Ezekiel, S Ferris, M Cornacchia, M Blasch, E AF Harrity, Kyle Ezekiel, Soundararajan Ferris, Michael Cornacchia, Maria Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI No-Reference Multi-Scale Blur Metric SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE Contourlet transform; Multi-scale; Blur; Noise; Laplacian Pyramid; Directional Filter Bank ID FILTER BANK; IMAGES AB In recent years, digital cameras have been widely used for image capturing. These devices are equipped in cell phones, laptops, tablets, webcams, etc. Image quality is an important characteristic for any digital image analysis. Historically, techniques to assess image quality for these mobile products require a standard image to be used as a reference image. In this case, Root Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio can be employed to measure the quality of the images. However, these methods are not valid if there is no reference image. Recent studies show that a Contourlet is a multi-scale transformation - which is an extension of two dimensional wavelet transformations - that can operate on an image at different noise levels without a reference image. In this paper, we develop a no-reference blur metric for digital images based on edges and noises in images. In our approach, a Contourlet transformation is applied to the blurred image, which applies a Laplacian Pyramid and Directional Filter Banks to get various image representations. The Laplacian Pyramid is a difference of Gaussian Pyramids between two consecutive levels. At each level in the Gaussian Pyramid, an image is smoothed with two Gaussians of different sizes then subtracted, subsampled and the input image is decomposed into directional sub-bands of images. Directional filter banks are designed to capture high frequency components representing directionality of the images which is similar to detailed coefficient in wavelet transformation. We focus on blur-measuring for each level and directions at the finest level of images to assess the image quality. Using the ratio of blur pixels to total pixels, we compare our results, which require no reference image, to standard full-reference image statistics. The results demonstrate that our proposed no reference metric has an increasing relationship with the blurriness of an image and is more sensitive to blur than the correlation full-reference metric. C1 [Harrity, Kyle; Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Ferris, Michael] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. [Cornacchia, Maria; Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Harrity, K (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. EM k.f.harrity@iup.edu; mferris1@binghamton.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800024 ER PT S AU Ezekiel, S Harrity, K Blasch, E Bubalo, A AF Ezekiel, Soundararajan Harrity, Kyle Blasch, Erik Bubalo, Adnan GP IEEE TI No-reference Blur Metric using Double-Density and Dual-Tree Two-Dimensional Wavelet Transformation SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE No-Reference; Double-Density; Double-Tree; Discrete Wavelet Transformation; Blur; Image Quality Assessment AB Over the past decade the digital camera has become widely available in many devices such as cell phones, computers, etc. Therefore, the perceptual quality of digital images is an important and necessary requirement to evaluate digital images. To improve the quality of images captured with camera, we must identify and measure the artifacts that cause blur within the images. Blur is mainly caused by pixel intensity due to multiple sources. The most common types of blurs are known as object motion, defocus, and camera motion. In the last two decades, the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) has become a cutting-edge technology in the signal and image processing field for such applications as denoising. The disadvantage of the DWT is that it is not able to directly observe blur coefficients. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for a blur metric for an image. Our approach is based on the double-density dual tree two dimensional wavelet transformations (D3TDWT) which simultaneously processes the properties of both the double-density DWT and dual tree DWT. We also utilize gradient to evaluate blurring artifacts and measure the image quality. C1 [Ezekiel, Soundararajan; Harrity, Kyle] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Bubalo, Adnan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ezekiel, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800025 ER PT S AU Ezekiel, S Harrity, K Alford, M Blasch, E Ferris, D Bubalo, A AF Ezekiel, Soundararajan Harrity, Kyle Alford, Mark Blasch, Erik Ferris, David Bubalo, Adnan GP IEEE TI No-reference Objective Blur Metric Based on the Notion of Wavelet Gradient, Magnitude Edge Width SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE No-Reference; Discrete Wavelet Transformation; Blur; Sharpness; Thresholding; Blur Ratio AB In the past decade, the number and popularity of digital cameras has increased many fold, increasing the demand for a blur metric and quality assessment techniques to evaluate digital images. There is still no widely accepted industry standard by which an image's blur content may be assessed so it is imperative that better, more reliable, no-reference metrics be created to fill this gap. In this paper, a new wavelet based scheme is proposed as a blur metric. This method does not rely on subjective testing other than for verification. After applying the discrete wavelet transform to an image, we use adaptive thresholding to identify edge regions in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal sub-images. For each sub-image, we utilize the fact that detected edges can be separated into connected components. We do this because, perceptually, blur is most apparent on edge regions. From these regions it is possible to compute properties of the edge such as length and width. The length and width can then be used to measure the area of a blurred region which in turn yields the number of blurred pixels for each connected region. Ideally, an edge point is represented by only a single pixel so if a found edge has a width greater than one it likely contains blur. In order to not skew our results, a one by n-length rectangle is removed from the computed blur area. The areas are summed which will represent the total blur pixel count per image. Using a series of test images, we determined the blur pixel ratio as the number of blur pixels to the total pixels in an image. C1 [Ezekiel, Soundararajan; Harrity, Kyle] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Alford, Mark; Blasch, Erik; Ferris, David; Bubalo, Adnan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ezekiel, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800026 ER PT S AU Harrity, K Ezekiel, S Bubalo, A Blasch, E Alford, M AF Harrity, Kyle Ezekiel, Soundararajan Bubalo, Adnan Blasch, Erik Alford, Mark GP IEEE TI Double-Density Dual-Tree Wavelet-based Polarimetry Analysis SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE Polarimetry; Discrete Wavelet Transform; Energy; Stokes; Long Wave Infrared; Double Density Dual Tree AB For the past two decades, the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) has been successfully applied to many fields. For image processing applications, the DWT can produce non-redundant representations of an input image with greater performance than other wavelet methods. Further, the DWT provides a better spatial and spectral localization of image representation, capable of revealing smaller changes, trends, and breakdown points that classical methods often miss. However, the DWT has its own limitations and disadvantages such as lack of shift invariance. That is, if the input signal or image is shifted, then the wavelet coefficients will exacerbate that shift. The DWT also lacks the ability to represent directional cases. The Double Density Dual-Tree Discrete Wavelet Transformation (D3TDWT) is a relatively new and enhanced version of the DWT with two scaling functions and four distinct wavelets designed in such a way that one pair of wavelets is offset with another pair so that the first pair lies in between the second. In this paper, we propose a D3TDWT polarimetry analysis method to analyze Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) polarimetry imagery to discriminate objects such as people and vehicles from background clutter. The D3TDWT method can be applied to a wide range of applications such as change detection, shape extraction, target recognition, and simultaneous tracking and identification. C1 [Harrity, Kyle; Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Bubalo, Adnan; Blasch, Erik; Alford, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Harrity, K (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. EM k.f.harrity@iup.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800027 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Context Aided Sensor and Human-based Information Fusion SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE Information Fusion; Level 5; High-Level Information Fusion; context assessment; context management ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB Information fusion consists of organizing a set of data into meaningful reports to answer queries, forge a consistency story, and determine situation awareness. To provide situation understanding requires context both in information estimation and data management. In this paper, we highlight the importance of context estimation, assessment, and management to support information fusion analysis. A demonstrated example for multimodal human-based text analysis and video-based sensing and tracking is shown where context provides the basis for associating the multimodal data correlated in space and time. The use of context is demonstrated as (1) semantic text call-outs from users monitoring a video following a target for classification, (2) geographical road information from a database to locate a target, and (3) sensor-based estimation for simultaneous target tracking and classification. Context assessment and management from human-based and sensor-based sources is shown for information fusion situation awareness. C1 [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800028 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Dunik, J Straka, O Simandl, M AF Blasch, Erik Dunik, Jindrich Straka, Ondrej Simandl, Miroslav GP IEEE TI Comparison of Stochastic Integration Filter with the Unscented Kalman Filter for Maneuvering Targets SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE Tracking; Stochastic Integration Filter; SIF; UKF; ANEES ID STATE ESTIMATION; COVARIANCE AB Sigma-Point Filtering (SPF) has become popular to increase the accuracy in estimation of tracking parameters such as the mean and variance. A recent development in SPF is the stochastic integration filter (SIF) which has shown to increase estimation over the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF); however, we want to explore the notion of the SIF versus the UKF for maneuvering targets. In this paper, we compare the SIF method with that of the KF, EKF, and UKF, using the Average Normalized Estimation Error Square (ANEES) for non-linear, non-Gaussian tracking. When the nonlinear turn-rate model is similar to the linear constant velocity model, all methods are the same. When the turn-rate model differs from the constant-velocity model, our results show that the UKF with a large number of sigma-points performs better than the SIF. C1 [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Dunik, Jindrich; Straka, Ondrej; Simandl, Miroslav] Univ W Bohemia, Dept Cybernet, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; dunikj@kky.zcu.cz; straka30@kky.zcu.cz; simandl@kky.zcu.cz NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800029 ER PT S AU Boddhu, S Flagg, R Grzebala, P Bodduluri, R Williams, R AF Boddhu, Sanjay Flagg, Robert Grzebala, Pawel Bodduluri, Rahul Williams, Robert GP IEEE TI A Generic Sensor Fusion Architecture for enhancing Situational Awareness SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE event collaboration architecture; sensor fusion; situational awareness; mongodb AB The advancements of mobile technology and its widespread availability have redefined many computing paradigms including Human-centric sensing. Human-centric sensing has already been successfully implemented as integrated network architecture component in many operational intelligent systems in various industry areas such as defense, healthcare, energy or disaster management. The process of integration of Human-centric sensing into the system can be lengthy and complicated because of disparate data formats, modality and connectivity interfaces. Extending an existing system by new, and possibly future, sensors may result in low-level integration issues. There is a need for a generic architecture that will be able to dynamically accommodate new sensors and to provide fusion of all sensed data. In this paper, we extend our previous work of developing an architecture that supports seamless integration and development of platforms to enhance situational awareness in the context of Human-centric sensing. C1 [Boddhu, Sanjay; Flagg, Robert] Qbase LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Grzebala, Pawel; Bodduluri, Rahul] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Williams, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43026 USA. RP Boddhu, S (reprint author), Qbase LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800030 ER PT S AU Abhyankar, K Polakonda, R Ganapathy, S Barrerra, K AF Abhyankar, Kushal Polakonda, Raghavendra Ganapathy, Subhashini Barrerra, Kristen GP IEEE TI Model-Based Simulation Systems for Adaptive Training in Time-Critical Decision Making SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE mobile computing; training; emergency responders; disaster management ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; KNOWLEDGE AB The fundamental goal of education and training is to provide capabilities that can help humans improve performance and accelerate decision-making. Advances in mobile computing (e.g., sensor technology, context aware computing, and cloud computing) allow for the design of systems that goes beyond the traditional methods of simulation training to support adaptive learning. The focus of this paper will be to present a human performance model, using mobile devices, for analysis of time-critical decision making through sensor-based information. C1 [Abhyankar, Kushal; Polakonda, Raghavendra; Ganapathy, Subhashini] Wright State Univ, Biomed, Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Barrerra, Kristen] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Abhyankar, K (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Biomed, Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM abhyankar.2@right.edu; Polakonda.3@wright.edu; subhashini.ganapathy@wright.edu; kristen.barrera.4@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800031 ER PT S AU Ilin, R AF Ilin, Roman GP IEEE TI Machine learning approach to fusion of high and low resolution imagery for improved target classification SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE LUPI; SVM; Clustering; Object Classification AB this work utilizes high resolution images in order to improve the classification accuracy on low resolution images. The approach is based on the machine learning paradigm called LUPI - "Learning Using Privileged Information". In this contribution, the LUPI paradigm is demonstrated on images from the Caltech 101 dataset. C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800040 ER PT S AU Renner, A Williams, R Harmon, B Ganapathy, S Abhyankar, K West, J Weiner, N Weinle, N McCartney, M Boswell, L AF Renner, Adam Williams, Robert Harmon, Brandon Ganapathy, Subhashini Abhyankar, Kushal West, James Weiner, Nir Weinle, Nathan McCartney, Matthew Boswell, Lucas GP IEEE TI RIPPLE: Scalable Medical Telemetry System for Supporting Combat Rescue SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE MBAN; sensor fusion; pararescue AB Emergency response operations would universally benefit by extending telemedicine to the most difficult and challenging environments. For example, the Air Force Pararescue Jumpers (PJ) and Combat Rescue Officers (CRO) perform rescue and life-saving measure in austere environments. Currently, Bluetooth (R) aided pen-and-paper systems are employed to collect and store medical data, from the time it is sensed to its dissemination. This is proving to be tedious and non-scalable, especially when the number of casualties is larger than the number of responders in a given mission. Pararescue Jumpers, Combat Rescue Officers and similar medical rescue agencies are seeking medical vital sign sensors and telemetry solutions for mass casualty responses in which a small team of medical rescuers must be able to rescue and sustain the life of multiple casualties in critical condition. Project Ripple, to be described in this paper, is meant to create a Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) of sensors to assist in triage and general physiological data collection in a disaster scenario. The system is demonstrates an improved alternative to existing Bluetooth (R) and pen-and-paper systems by streamlining the processes of data collection, storage, transfer, and visualization. Low-power, wireless devices that utilized open standards makeup the sensor network while custom mobile applications were used for the visualization of the sensor data. Also, flexible and generic sensor fusion architecture is being explored. C1 [Renner, Adam; Williams, Robert] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43026 USA. [Williams, Robert] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Ganapathy, Subhashini; Abhyankar, Kushal; West, James; Weiner, Nir; Weinle, Nathan] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [McCartney, Matthew] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Boswell, Lucas] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Renner, A (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43026 USA. EM abhyankar.2@wright.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800045 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Wavelet-based Gaussian Waveform for Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB A new wavelet based Gaussian waveform is proposed. The proposed waveform takes advantage of both the Gaussian waveform and the wavelet-based waveform for improving the performance in range detection. The new waveform can completely remove the near-sidelobes and push the far-sidelobes out of the detecting boundary. As a result, it is particularly suitable for use by the spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR). C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800053 ER PT S AU Allen, CI Petrosky, JC Orlando, PL AF Allen, Christopher I. Petrosky, J. C. Orlando, P. Len GP IEEE TI Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation on a 130 nm CMOS SRAM for Low Earth Orbit Applications SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus ID SINGLE; UPSETS; MODEL AB This research predicts the effects of the natural radiation environment in low earth orbit on a 6T SRAM cell designed using the CMOS portion of a 130 nm BiCMOS technology. It is determined that this technology is quite sensitive to single event upset (SEU): at 200 km altitude and without shielding, the predicted SEU rate is 6.7x10(-3) bit(-1)yr(-1); at 2000 km altitude, the rate increases to 1.9x10(1) bit(-1)yr(-1). Nonetheless, these results compare favorably to previously published SEU data [1], [2] regarding the bipolar portion of similar BiCMOS technology. C1 [Allen, Christopher I.] US Air Force, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Petrosky, J. C.] Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Engn Phys Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Orlando, P. Len] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. RP Allen, CI (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM christopher.allen.3@us.af.mil; james.petrosky@us.af.mil; pompei.orlando@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at AFIT FX The author acknowledges research support from Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate. Mr.Allen thanks Mary Lanzerotti, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at AFIT; Brad Paul,Branch Chief at AFRL Sensors Directorate; James Lyke,Technical Advisor, AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate, for discussions; and David Doak for keeping the AFIT computing systems running seamlessly. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800073 ER PT S AU Devlin, CLH Ewing, RL Guliants, EA AF Devlin, Christie L. H. Ewing, Robert L. Guliants, Elena A. GP IEEE TI Resistivity Comparison of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanocomposite Paper SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus ID ELECTRODES; REDUCTION; GRAPHITE; SHEETS; FILMS AB Most carbon nanomaterials are touted for their unusual conductive or semiconductive properties. In this paper, we compare the many-layered graphene oxide (GO) and GO-silver nanocomposite "papers" to elucidate their unusual resistive properties. We have observed significant nonlinearities in resistivity, its dependence on temperature, and current-induced effects on the resistivity of these materials. C1 [Devlin, Christie L. H.] Adatom Sci LLC, Brookville, OH 45309 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Devlin, CLH (reprint author), Adatom Sci LLC, Brookville, OH 45309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800074 ER PT S AU Hsia, LA Lanzerotti, MY Seery, MK Orlando, L AF Hsia, Leleia A. Lanzerotti, Mary Y. Seery, Michael K. Orlando, Len GP IEEE TI Gate-Level Commercial Microelectronics Verification with Standard Cell Recognition SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus DE VLSI; microelectronics; verification; TRUST; SCR AB The DARPA TRUST program was established to address the need to verify integrated circuits (ICs). This paper explores methodologies to resolve conflicts among IC designs in prior applications of commercial software to verify designs ranging in size from 1 to 283,359 cells. Preliminary results show the capability of commercial software tools to generate test cases for evaluation. C1 [Hsia, Leleia A.; Lanzerotti, Mary Y.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Seery, Michael K.] Air Educ & Training Ctr, Training Squadron 333, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Orlando, Len] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsia, LA (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Leleia.Hsia.2@us.af.mil; Mary.Lanzerotti@afit.edu; Michael.Seery.4@us.af.mil; Pompei.Orlando@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800077 ER PT S AU Dakhil, B Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Dakhil, Balsam Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Subspace Imaging Compressive Sensing SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB A new compressed image sensing approach is presented. The approach departs from conventional sensing mechanism which seeks incoherency between the sensing and representation vectors. The subspace where most energy of the image lies in is first identified (estimated). Sensing vectors are then selected in the subspace. In doing so, base vectors of discrete cosine transform are used as representation vectors, and low-frequency members of the base vectors are considered to form the subspace. Of those selected base vectors some are used as sensing vectors which are phase shifted to enhance incoherency. Experimental results prove that the new approach is significantly better than random sensing as previously used for compressed sensing. C1 [Dakhil, Balsam; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dakhil, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dakhil.2@osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800083 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI On the Doppler Effect to the Wavelet-based Radar Waveform SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB Previously we have presented that by using a wavelet-based waveform called Chirp-Z, sidelobes in the range detection can be significantly reduced. In this paper, we describe the use of the wavelet-based waveform in velocity detection by the Doppler frequency. We have compared the results with conventional waveform using linear frequency modulation (LFM) for both range and velocity detections. Analysis and simulation results have shown that the wavelet-based waveforms achieve higher resolution in velocity as well as range detections than LFM. Further study shows that the wavelet-based waveform can be applied in SAR to acquire images of higher resolution. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cao.151@osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800084 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI S-band Radar Based on Lyrtech Software Defined Radio SO IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON 2014) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Daytons River Campus, Dayton, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc, IEEE Dayton Sect, Univ Daytons Res Inst HO Univ Daytons River Campus AB The focus of this paper is on the development of S-band radar using the Lyrtech Small Form Factor (SFF) Software Defined Radio (SDR) for generating the Chirp-Z signal. The Lyrtech SDR platform has a high speed AD/DA conversion board and a tunable RF board, which enable a flexible radar design. To achieve a functional radar system, the development kids of the SFF SDR have to be fully utilized. This paper introduces the usage of both software and hardware resources of the SDR for converting the SDR into a waveform-programmable radar, which can benefit the study of radar systems using generic SDR platforms. Based on our approach, we develop an S-band radar which is used to transmit a Chirp-Z radar waveform modulated on a 2.2GHz carrier. The structure and the development kits of the SFF platform are introduced, and the development of the S-band radar by using the development kits discussed. Finally, both transmitted and received Chirp-Z signals using the developed radar system are demonstrated. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cao.151@osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4799-4689-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2014 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0MU UT WOS:000366319800085 ER PT J AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. TI Application of Person-by-Person Equilibrium and Performance-Measure Statistics to Distributed Control of Uncertain Stochastic Large-Scale Systems with Time Delays SO IFAC PAPERSONLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) CY AUG 24-29, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Federat Automat Control DE Distributed control; Markovian jumps; parametric uncertainty; time delays; Pade approximation of the first order; nonzero-sum stochastic games; person-by-person equilibrium; decentralized output feedback; risk-averse attitudes; performance-measure statistics AB This paper presents a distributed control design for a class of interconnected linear systems with Markovian jumps, parametric uncertainties and time delays in both system states and control actuations. The switching of a countable number of modes associated with constituent systems is encapsulated by appropriate probability transitions. The parameter uncertainties are considered to be unknown but norm bounded. Analysis of time-delay systems is supported by Pade approximations of the first order. A general framework of multi person nonzero-sum stochastic differential games is leveraged for distributed decision making with performance risk-aversion. Towards performance risk-aversion and reliability, self-directed controllers and/or decision makers are now capable of effectively incorporating risk-averse attitudes via performance-measure statistics into person-by-person equilibrium decisions with decentralized output feedback for distributed interactions. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2405-8963 J9 IFAC PAPERSONLINE JI IFAC PAPERSONLINE PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 7791 EP 7798 PG 8 GA EG5TT UT WOS:000391108000290 ER PT J AU Cazzell, SA McConney, ME Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Cazzell, Seth A. McConney, Michael E. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI The contribution of chirality and crosslinker concentration to reflection wavelength tuning in structurally chiral nematic gels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; PITCH; SOLVENT AB Tunable reflective material systems are potentially useful in a range of applications including displays, optical filters, photonics, and sensing. Presented here is a systematic study of thermally induced reflection wavelength tuning in structurally chiral nematic gels. The tuning is enabled by a swelling/de-swelling/re-swelling transition driven by order/disorder transitions in the liquid crystal and the liquid crystalline polymer network. By preparing liquid crystal polymer networks from single component liquid crystal monomers we isolate the contribution of chemical chirality and the crosslink density of the liquid crystal polymer network to thermally-induced reflection wavelength tuning. Further elucidating the fundamental relationships between the composition of the polymer network and the resulting optical properties is a key step towards enabling advancement and optimization necessary to realize the utility of this mechanism in devices such as mirrorless lasers. C1 [Cazzell, Seth A.; McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Cazzell, Seth A.; McConney, Michael E.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldng 651 Rm70, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; Cazzell, Seth/J-4392-2015 OI Cazzell, Seth/0000-0001-6220-0436 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Ludmilla Sukhomlinova, Tamas Kosa, and Bahman Taheri from Alpha Micron Inc. for providing the chiral liquid crystal diacrylate and monoacrylate monomers. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2014 VL 2 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1039/c3tc31432d PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 264AO UT WOS:000327849500016 ER PT J AU Gallagher, MA Caswell, DJ Hanlon, B Hill, JM AF Gallagher, Mark A. Caswell, David J. Hanlon, Brian Hill, Justin M. TI Rethinking the Hierarchy of Analytic Models and Simulations for Conflicts SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB For decades, analysts within the defense community have categorized their analytic models and simulations for decision support through a hierarchy expressed in terms of resolution. The hierarchy is usually depicted as a pyramid that has levels of "engineering and physics," "engagement," and "mission," to the most aggregate level of "campaign" models. In this article, we accomplish three enhancements. First, we document the importance of applying a hierarchy of models and simulations, which some have questioned because of increased computer speed. Second, we list factors to consider in describing a model or simulation's resolution, which we hope aids interfacing model results and calibrating across levels. Third, we propose expanding the hierarchy to include two more levels beyond campaign to include levels of "defense enterprise" and "government, nongovernment, and coalition instruments of power." We use these levels to categorize models constructed to aid decisions requiring evaluations beyond a single campaign's results. The growing emphasis on disparate coalition operations along with the increasing interplay of broader government and nongovernmental capabilities points to a need to extend this traditional hierarchy. We propose refining the hierarchy to depict both model and simulation breadth (scope) and depth (resolution) along with our recommended two additional levels of abstraction. Analysts supporting decisions use a common hierarchy of models with levels labeled as "engineering and physics," "engagement," and "mission," to the most aggregate level of "campaign" models. The authors document the importance of applying a hierarchy of models and simulations to align with the purpose of analysis, the applicability to the issues, enable efficient search of the decision space, and cost. They list factors that characterize a model or simulation's resolution that may assist in describing models, designing interfaces, and calibrating between models. Finally, they propose expanding the hierarchy to include two more aggregate levels beyond campaign: "defense enterprise" and "government, nongovernment, and coalition instruments of power." They invert the traditional pyramid to depict both model and simulation breadth (scope) and depth (resolution) along with the recommended two additional levels of abstraction. C1 [Gallagher, Mark A.] HQ US Air Force Studies Anal & Assessments, Washington, DC USA. [Caswell, David J.; Hill, Justin M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hanlon, Brian] Def Sci & Technol Org, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Gallagher, MA (reprint author), HQ US Air Force Studies Anal & Assessments, Washington, DC USA. EM Mark.A.Gallagher16.civ@mail.mil; David.Caswell@USAFA.edu; Brian.Hanlon@dsto.defence.gov.au; Justin.Hill@USAFA.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 4 BP 15 EP + DI 10.5711/1082598319415 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43OC UT WOS:000209689700002 ER PT J AU Wolf, SE Hill, RR Pignatiello, JJ AF Wolf, Sean E. Hill, Raymond R. Pignatiello, Joseph J. TI Using Neural Networks and Logistic Regression to Model Small Unmanned Aerial System Accident Results for Risk Mitigation SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The safety of flight operations is important to both the military and civilian sector. The Air Force conducts research on small unmanned aerial systems (SUAS) and must remain cognizant of flight safety issues. There are numerous factors that lead to mishaps associated with SUAS. A dataset of SUAS mishaps are analyzed and a failure prediction model is created using both an artificial neural network and a logistic regression. These models are analyzed and presented as a potential risk mitigation tool for mishap prevention associated with SUAS. C1 [Wolf, Sean E.] Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Hill, Raymond R.; Pignatiello, Joseph J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wolf, SE (reprint author), Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. EM sean.edward.wolf@gmail.corn; Raymond.Hill@afit.edu; jppafit@gmail.com FU Office of the Secretary of Defense, Directorate of Operational Test and Evaluation and the Test Resource Management Center FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Johnny Evers and Mr. Ken Blackburn at AFRL/RWWV for providing the data used for this analysis and for their technical expertise. This research was supported by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Directorate of Operational Test and Evaluation and the Test Resource Management Center. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 27 EP + DI 10.5711/1082598319327 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43OB UT WOS:000209689600002 ER PT J AU Shenk, K Bertsimas, D Markuzon, N AF Shenk, Kimberly Bertsimas, Dimitris Markuzon, Natasha TI Semi-Supervised Approach to Predictive Analysis Using Temporal Data SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Predicting a target event from temporal data using supervised learning alone presents a number of challenges. It assumes that members falling into the same class have similar historical characteristics, which is a too strong an assumption. Additionally, it can be difficult for the algorithm to underline the differences from a large volume of data and multitude of temporal projections. In such situations, a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning proved to be superior in performance as compared to supervised learning alone. In the proposed methodology, we develop feature vectors of temporal events that are subsequently split into groups by similarity of spatio-temporal characteristics using a clustering algorithm. We then apply a supervised learning methodology to predict the class within each of these subpopulations. We show a dramatic improvement in predictive power of this joint methodology as compared to supervised learning alone. The case study that we use to demonstrate the methodology utilizes medical claims data to predict a patient's short-term risk of myocardial infarction. In particular, we identify groups of people with temporal diagnostic patterns associated with a high-risk of myocardial infarction in the coming three months. We use these patterns as a profile reference for assessing the state of new patients. We demonstrate that the newly developed combined approach yields improved predictions for myocardial infarction over using classification alone. C1 [Shenk, Kimberly] Hickam AFB, Hickam Field, HI USA. [Bertsimas, Dimitris] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Markuzon, Natasha] Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Shenk, K (reprint author), Hickam AFB, Hickam Field, HI USA. EM knshenk@gmail.com; dbertsim@mit.edu; nmarkuzon@draper.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.5711/1082598319137 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43NZ UT WOS:000209689400003 ER PT S AU Myers, MH Kozma, R Davis, JJJ Ilin, R AF Myers, M. H. Kozma, R. Davis, J. J. J. Ilin, R. GP IEEE TI Phase Cone Detection Optimization in EEG Data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; GAMMA EEGS AB Signals measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) arrays were decomposed using Hilbert Transformations to produce the spatial amplitude and phase modulation (AM and PM) patterns. Spatial PM patterns intermittently exhibit synchronization-desynchronization transitions. During desynchronization, the spatial PM patterns intermittently conform to conic shapes. These phase cones mark the onset of emergent AM patterns, which carry cognitive content. In this work, various temporal band pass filters were applied to study the frequency dependence of phase cones in the beta-gamma range (10-40 Hz). The results are interpreted in the context of the cognitive cycle of knowledge generation. C1 [Myers, M. H.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Kozma, R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Davis, J. J. J.] Embassy Peace, Whitianga, New Zealand. [Ilin, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Myers, MH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM mhmyers@uthsc.edu; rkozma@memphis.edu; Joshua_888@yahoo.com; roman.ilin@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4799-1484-5 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2014 BP 2504 EP 2511 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE4BF UT WOS:000371465702085 ER PT S AU Cui, C Wu, T Hu, MQ Weir, JD Chu, XH AF Cui, Can Wu, Teresa Hu, Mengqi Weir, Jeffery D. Chu, Xianghua BE Tolk, A Yilmaz, L Diallo, SY Ryzhov, IO TI ACCURACY VS. ROBUSTNESS: BI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZED ENSEMBLE OF METAMODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2014 CL Savannah, GA ID UNCERTAINTY; DESIGN AB Simulation has been widely used in modeling engineering systems. A metamodel is a surrogate model used to approximate a computationally expensive simulation model. Extensive research has investigated the performance of different metamodeling techniques in terms of accuracy and/or robustness and concluded no model outperforms others across diverse problem structures. Motivated by this finding, this research proposes a bi-criteria (accuracy and robustness) optimized ensemble framework to optimally identify the contributions from each metamodel (Kriging, Support Vector Regression and Radial Basis Function), where uncertainties are modeled for evaluating robustness. Twenty-eight functions from the literature are tested. It is observed for most problems, a Pareto Frontier is obtained, while for some problems only a single point is obtained. Seven geometrical and statistical metrics are introduced to explore the relationships between the function properties and the ensemble models. It is concluded that the bi-criteria optimized ensembles render not only accurate but also robust metamodels. C1 [Cui, Can; Wu, Teresa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat Decis Syst Engn, 699 S Mill Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Hu, Mengqi] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Weir, Jeffery D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chu, Xianghua] Xili Univ Town, Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Cui, C (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat Decis Syst Engn, 699 S Mill Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM ccan1@asu.edu; Teresa.Wu@asu.edu; mhu@ise.msstate.edu; Jeffery.Weir@afit.edu; xianghua.chu@gmail.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-7486-3 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2014 BP 616 EP 627 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4XP UT WOS:000389248200056 ER PT B AU Murphy, J Fu, K Otto, K Yang, M Jensen, D Wood, K AF Murphy, Jeremy Fu, Katherine Otto, Kevin Yang, Maria Jensen, Dan Wood, Kristin GP ASME TI FACILITATING DESIGN-BY-ANALOGY: DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLETE FUNCTIONAL VOCABULARY AND FUNCTIONAL VECTOR APPROACH TO ANALOGICAL SEARCH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; KNOWLEDGE; GENERATION; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Design-by-analogy is an effective approach to innovative concept generation, but can be elusive at times due to the fact that few methods and tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from general data sources, databases, or repositories, such as patent databases. A new method for extracting analogies from data sources has been developed to provide this capability. Building on past research, we utilize a functional vector space model to quantify analogous similarity between a design problem and the data source of potential analogies. We quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. We develop a complete functional vocabulary to map the patent database to applicable functionally critical terms, using document parsing algorithms to reduce text descriptions of the data sources down to the key functions, and applying Zipf's law on word count order reduction to reduce the words within the documents. The reduction of a document (in this case a patent) into functional analogous words enables the matching to novel ideas that are functionally similar, which can be customized in various ways. This approach thereby provides relevant sources of design-by-analogy inspiration. Although our implementation of the technique focuses on functional descriptions of patents and the mapping of these functions to those of the design problem, resulting in a set of analogies, we believe that this technique is applicable to other analogy data sources as well. As a verification of the approach, an original design problem for an automated window washer illustrates the distance range of analogical solutions that can be extracted, extending from very near-field, literal solutions to far-field cross-domain analogies. Finally, a comparison with a current patent search tool is performed to draw a contrast to the status quo and evaluate the effectiveness of this work. C1 [Murphy, Jeremy] Schlumberger Ltd, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. [Fu, Katherine; Yang, Maria] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fu, Katherine] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Engn Prod Dev Pillar, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Dan] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Murphy, J (reprint author), Schlumberger Ltd, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4631-5 PY 2014 AR V02AT03A010 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZN UT WOS:000379987200010 ER PT B AU Fuchi, K Buskohl, PR Joo, JJ Reich, GW Vaia, RA AF Fuchi, Kazuko Buskohl, Philip R. Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. GP ASME TI TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION FOR DESIGN OF ORIGAMI-BASED ACTIVE MECHANISMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID COMPLIANT MECHANISMS AB Origami structures morph between 2D and 3D conformations along predetermined fold lines that efficiently program the form of the structure and show potential for many engineering applications. However, the enormity of the design space and the complex relationship between origami-based geometries and engineering metrics place a severe limitation on design strategies based on intuition. The presented work proposes a systematic design method using topology optimization to distribute foldline properties within a reference crease pattern, adding or removing folds through optimization, for a mechanism design. Following the work of Schenk and Guest, foldable structures are modeled as pin-joint truss structures with additional constraints on fold, or dihedral, angles. The performance of a designed origami mechanism is evaluated in 3D by applying prescribed forces and finding displacements at set locations. The integration of the concept of origami in mechanism design thus allows for the description of designs in 2D and performance in 3D. Numerical examples indicate that origami mechanisms with desired deformations can be obtained using the proposed method. A constraint on the number of foldlines is used to simplify a design. C1 [Fuchi, Kazuko; Joo, James J.; Reich, Gregory W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.; Vaia, Richard A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Fuchi, K (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.joo.1@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4637-7 PY 2014 AR V05BT08A049 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZQ UT WOS:000379987500049 ER PT J AU Maschmann, MR Ehlert, GJ Tawfick, S Hart, AJ Baur, JW AF Maschmann, Matthew R. Ehlert, Gregory J. Tawfick, Sameh Hart, A. John Baur, Jeffery W. TI Continuum analysis of carbon nanotube array buckling enabled by anisotropic elastic measurements and modeling SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION AB For the first time, carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are fully characterized as transversely isotropic continuum material. Each of the five independent elastic constants is experimentally obtained using a combination of nanoindenter-based uniaxial compression and shear testing, in situ SEM compression, and digital image correlation (DIC) of vertically and laterally oriented CNT microstructure columns. Material properties are highly anisotropic, with an axial modulus (165-275 MPa) that is nearly two orders of magnitude greater than the transverse modulus (2.5-2.7 MPa) and the out of plane shear modulus (0.8-1.6 MPa). The Poisson's ratios along three mutually orthogonal axes, measured directly by simultaneous in situ DIC evaluation of axial and transverse strain, are found to be similarly anisotropic (nu(12) = 0.35, nu(23) = 0.1, nu(21) = 0.005). A Timoshenko beam model is then developed to accurately predict the critical buckling stress of the vertically oriented columns using a subset of these anisotropic properties and considering inelastic column buckling. These results show that the critical bucking stress of CNT microstructures vary predictably with geometry and that continuum models with appropriate material constants may be applied to analyze CNT microstructures and evaluate their stability for many applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Ehlert, Gregory J.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tawfick, Sameh; Hart, A. John] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Mechanosynth Grp, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tawfick, Sameh; Hart, A. John] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Mechanosynth Grp, Cambridge, MA 48109 USA. RP Baur, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM maschmannm@missouri.edu; Jeffery.Baur@wpafb.af.mil RI Hart, A. John/A-9027-2010; Tawfick, Sameh/A-6249-2014; OI Hart, A. John/0000-0002-7372-3512; Tawfick, Sameh/0000-0003-3645-527X; Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFOSR Young Investigator Program [11-NA-018] FX The authors thank Sei Jin Park for CNT synthesis and G.P. Tandon for fruitful discussions. M.R.M, G.J.E, and J.W.B acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager. S.T. and A.J.H. acknowledge support of the AFOSR Young Investigator Program (11-NA-018), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program manager. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.09.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 260DM UT WOS:000327575200042 ER PT J AU Ramos-Sanchez, G Callejas-Tovar, A Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB AF Ramos-Sanchez, G. Callejas-Tovar, A. Scanlon, L. G. Balbuena, P. B. TI DFT analysis of Li intercalation mechanisms in the Fe-phthalocyanine cathode of Li-ion batteries SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHALLENGES; MG; METALS; NA AB New materials with high intercalation capacity are needed for cathodic materials in order to overcome small capacities at high discharge rates in Li-ion batteries. High intercalation capacities have been reported in the experimental setup using iron phthalocyanine (FePc) as cathodic material; however the real intercalation capacity and the chemistry occurring during the intercalation process are still being debated. In this work we analyze the intercalation of Li atoms in FePc periodic structures using density functional theory including a semi-empirical approach to represent van der Waals (vdW) forces. Within this approach we find intercalation capacities of about 20 Li atoms per FePc molecule at a discharge voltage of similar to 0.5 V (with respect to Li/Li+), and up to 37 Li atoms at lower voltages. The intercalation process is driven mainly by electrostatic interactions between positively charged Li ions and negatively charged FePc molecules, with vdW interactions playing an essential role in reaching the high number of intercalated Li atoms. The reduction of the central Fe atom leading to charges evolving from +1.2 to -0.2 is responsible for the high intercalation voltage; however the further reduction contributions of N, C, and even H atoms make FePc a suitable cathode for Li-ion battery applications. C1 [Ramos-Sanchez, G.; Callejas-Tovar, A.; Balbuena, P. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie Mc Ferrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scanlon, L. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Elect Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Artie Mc Ferrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM balbuena@tamu.edu FU CONACYT FX Computational resources from Texas A&M University supercomputing center and Brazos supercomputing cluster, as well as from TACC are gratefully acknowledged. GRS thanks CONACYT for their support with a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 2 BP 743 EP 752 DI 10.1039/c3cp53161a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 264OM UT WOS:000327888100043 PM 24270502 ER PT J AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP Ooten, MK AF Johnson, J. J. King, P. I. Clark, J. P. Ooten, M. K. TI Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a High-Pressure Turbine Vane Pressure Side Film Cooling Array SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The following work is an in-depth investigation of the heat transfer characteristics and cooling effectiveness of a full-scale fully cooled modern high-pressure turbine (HPT) vane as a result of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, relative to a modern baseline film cooling configuration. Individual designs were evaluated using 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that modeled film cooling injection using a transpiration boundary condition and evaluated 10 cells from the wall with an isothermal surface condition. 1800 different cooling arrays were assessed for fitness within the optimization where film cooling parameters such as axial and radial hole location, hole size, injection angle, compound angle, and custom-designed row patterns were varied in the design space. The GA optimization terminated with a unique pressure side (PS) cooling array after only 13 generations. The fitness functions prescribed for the problem lowered the PS average near-wall surface temperature, lowered the near-wall maximum temperature, and maintained the level of near-wall average overall effectiveness. Results show how the optimization resulted in redistributed flow from overcooled areas on the vane PS to undercooled areas near the shroud. The optimized cooling array yielded a reduction of average near-wall gas temperature of 2 K, a reduction in the maximum near-wall gas temperature of 3 K, a reduction in maximum heat flux of 2 kW/m(2) and a reduction in pressure loss over the vane, all while maintaining a constant level of surface-averaged overall effectiveness. Methods used to improve pressure side film cooling performance here are promising in terms of eliminating hot spots on individual HPT components in their proper operating environments as well as increasing the potential to use less air for cooling purposes in a gas turbine engine. C1 [Johnson, J. J.; King, P. I.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, J. P.; Ooten, M. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jamie.johnson.1@us.af.mil; paul.king@afit.edu; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil; michael.ooten@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 24 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2014 VL 136 IS 1 AR 011011 DI 10.1115/1.4023470 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 239LA UT WOS:000326024100011 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Ganguly, BN AF Sands, Brian L. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Ozone generation in a kHz-pulsed He-O-2 capillary dielectric barrier discharge operated in ambient air SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; CORONA DISCHARGES; VOLTAGE; OXYGEN; DENSITY; NM AB The generation of reactive oxygen species using nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet devices has been a subject of recent interest due to their ability to generate localized concentrations from a compact source. To date, such studies with plasma jet devices have primarily utilized radio-frequency excitation. In this work, we characterize ozone generation in a kHz-pulsed capillary dielectric barrier discharge configuration comprised of an active discharge plasma jet operating in ambient air that is externally grounded. The plasma jet flow gas was composed of helium with an admixture of up to 5% oxygen. A unipolar voltage pulse train with a 20 ns pulse risetime was used to drive the discharge at repetition rates between 2-25 kHz. Using UVLED absorption spectroscopy centered at 255 nm near the Hartley-band absorption peak, ozone was detected over 1 cm from the capillary axis. We observed roughly linear scaling of ozone production with increasing pulse repetition rate up to a "turnover frequency," beyond which ozone production steadily dropped and discharge current and 777 nm O(P-5 -> S-5 degrees) emission sharply increased. The turnover in ozone production occurred at higher pulse frequencies with increasing flow rate and decreasing applied voltage with a common energy density of 55 mJ/cm(3) supplied to the discharge. The limiting energy density and peak ozone production both increased with increasing O-2 admixture. The power dissipated in the discharge was obtained from circuit current and voltage measurements using a modified parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge circuit model and the volume-averaged ozone concentration was derived from a 2D ozone absorption measurement. From these measurements, the volume-averaged efficiency of ozone production was calculated to be 23 g/kWh at conditions for peak ozone production of 41 mg/h at 11 kV applied voltage, 3% O-2, 2 l/min flow rate, and 13 kHz pulse repetition rate, with 1.79 W dissipated in the discharge. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFRL/RQQ [FA8650-12-D-2225] FX This material was based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and managed by John Luginsland under AFRL/RQQ Contract No. FA8650-12-D-2225, Task Order 01. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 24 AR 243301 DI 10.1063/1.4852455 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 282LO UT WOS:000329173200006 ER PT J AU Xie, J Kohale, SC Hase, WL Ard, SG Melko, JJ Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Xie, Jing Kohale, Swapnil C. Hase, William L. Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Temperature Dependence of the OH- + CH3I Reaction Kinetics. Experimental and Simulation Studies and Atomic-Level Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID S(N)2 NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION FUNCTIONALS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; DIRECT DYNAMICS; SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATION; ATOMISTIC MECHANISMS; ENERGY; HYDROGEN AB Direct dynamics simulations and selected ion flow tube (SIFT) experiments were performed to study the kinetics and dynamics of the OH-+ CH3I reaction versus temperature. This work complements previous direct dynamics simulation and molecular beam ion imaging experiments of this reaction versus reaction collision energy (Xie et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 7162). The simulations and experiments are in quite good agreement. Both identify the S(N)2, OH- + CH3I > CH3OH + I-, and proton transfer, OH-+ CH3I CH2I-+ H2O, reactions as having nearly equal importance. In the experiments, the 5N2 pathway constitutes 0.64 +/- 0.05, 0.56-4-0.05, 0.51 + 0.05, and 0.46 + 0.05 of the total reaction at 210, 300, 400, and 500 K, respectively. For the simulations this fraction is 0.56 + 0.06, 0.55 +/- 0.04, and 0.50 +/- 0.05 at 300, 400, and 500 K, respectively. The experimental total reaction rate constant is (2.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(-9), (1.7 +/- 0.4) X 10(-9), (1.9 +/- 0.5) X 10-9, and (1.8 +/- 0.5) X 10-9 cm(3)s-1 at 210, 300, 400, and 500 K, respectively, which is approximately 25% smaller than the collision capture value. The simulation values for this rate constant are (1.7 +/- 0.2) X 10-9, (1.8 +/- 0.1) x 10-9, and (1.6 + 0.1) X 10(-9) cm(3)s I at 300, 400, and 500 K. From the simulations, direct rebound and stripping mechanisms as well as multiple indirect mechanisms are identified as the atomic-level reaction mechanisms for both the S(N)2 and proton-transfer pathways. For the S(N)2 reaction the direct and indirect mechanisms have nearly equal probabilities; the direct mechanisms are slightly more probable, and direct rebound is more important than direct stripping. For the proton-transfer pathway the indirect mechanisms are more important than the direct mechanisms, and stripping is significantly more important than rebound for the latter. Calculations were performed with the OW quantum number J equal to 0, 3, and 6 to investigate the effect of OH-rotational excitation on the OH- + CH3I reaction dynamics. The overall reaction probability and the probabilities for the S(N)2 and protontransfer pathways have little dependence on J. Possible effects on the atomistic mechanisms were investigated for the S(N)2 pathway and the probability of the direct rebound mechanism increased with J. However, the other atomistic mechanisms were not appreciably affected by C1 [Xie, Jing; Kohale, Swapnil C.; Hase, William L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hase, WL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0957521]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [D-0005]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP] FX The direct chemical dynamics simulations reported here are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE-0957521 and the Robert A. Welch Foundation under Grant D-0005. Support was also provided by the High-Performance Computing Center (HPCC) at Texas Tech University, under the direction of Philip W. Smith and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas at Austin. Concerning the experimental work, N.S.S. and A.A.V. are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project AFOSR-2303EP, while J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 26 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 51 BP 14019 EP 14027 DI 10.1021/jp409347z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 284PG UT WOS:000329331700010 PM 24274119 ER PT J AU Jespersen, ML Mirau, PA von Meerwall, ED Koerner, H Vaia, RA Fernandes, NJ Giannelis, EP AF Jespersen, Michael L. Mirau, Peter A. von Meerwall, Ernst D. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Fernandes, Nikhil J. Giannelis, Emmanuel P. TI Hierarchical Canopy Dynamics of Electrolyte-Doped Nanoscale Ionic Materials SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIQUID-LIKE BEHAVIOR; SURFACE-FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES; MODEL-FREE APPROACH; CARBON NANOTUBES; DIFFUSION; MACROMOLECULES; RELAXATION; COMPONENTS; CONTACTS AB Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs) are organic-inorganic hybrids prepared from ionically functionalized nanoparticles (NP) neutralized by oligomeric polymer counterions. NIMs are designed to behave as liquids under ambient conditions in the absence of solvent and have no volatile organic content, making them useful for a number of I applications. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation and pulsed-field gradient NMR to probe local and collective canopy dynamics in NIMs based on 18-nm silica NPs with a covalently bound anionic corona, neutralized by amine-terminated ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers. The NMR relaxation studies show that the nanosecond-scale canopy dynamics depend on the degree of neutralization, the canopy radius of gyration, and crowding at the ionically modified NP surface. Two canopy populations are observed in the diffusion experiments, demonstrating that one fraction of the canopy is bound to the NP surface on the time scale (milliseconds) of the diffusion experiment and is surrounded by a more mobile layer of canopy that is unable to access the surface due to molecular crowding. The introduction of electrolyte ions (Na+ or Mg2+) screens the canopy-corona electrostatic interactions, resulting in a reduced bulk viscosity and faster canopy exchange. The magnitude of the screening effect depends upon ion concentration and valence, providing a simple route for tuning the macroscopic properties of NIMs. C1 [Jespersen, Michael L.; Mirau, Peter A.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [von Meerwall, Ernst D.] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Fernandes, Nikhil J.; Giannelis, Emmanuel P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fernandes, Nikhil J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@us.af.mil OI Fernandes, Nikhil/0000-0002-0195-2885 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [DMR 04 55117]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-018-02] FX Funding provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. The diffusion portion of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 04 55117. This publication is based on work supported by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). A portion of this research was carried out while M.L.J. was a National Research Council Associate at the Air Force Research Laboratory and an employee of UES, Inc. (Dayton). Jeffamines M-2070 and M-600 were generously donated by Huntsman Corporation (Houston, TX). M. Tchoul contributed GPC in support of this study. The authors would like to thank George Fultz and Timothy Reid (University of Dayton Research Institute) for viscosity and ICP-MS data supporting this research. The authors also thankfully acknowledge Dr. Rajiv J. Berry and Phuong T. Ngo (AFRL/RX) for helpful discussions regarding this work. We would like to thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Dr. Eric Schaible for guidance, setup, and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source/ Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 24 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 24 BP 9669 EP 9675 DI 10.1021/ma402002a PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 281YX UT WOS:000329138000021 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R McReynolds, K Gothard, NW Spowart, JE AF Srinivasan, Raghavan McReynolds, Kevin Gothard, Nicholas W. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Texture development during deformation processing of the n-type bismuth telluride alloy Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Bismuth telluride; Crystallographic texture; Deformation structures; EBSD ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT; APPARATUS; NANOWIRES; FILMS AB The n-type bismuth telluride alloy Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 was subject to hot deformation under several deformation conditions, such as extrusion, sandwich rolling, and plane strain compression. The resulting crystallographic texture is found to depend on the initial texture, strain imposed during deformation, the type of deformation, and proximity to the die surface. Bismuth telluride has a trigonal crystal structure, based on a hexagonal lattice with a c/a ratio of 6.96. During rolling, the material develops a rolling fiber texture in which the [0001] is oriented perpendicular to the rolling plane and the < 11 (2) over bar0 > directions are randomly oriented in the plane of rolling. This texture is typically observed in a low c/a ratio material like magnesium. Measurement of the thermoelectric transport properties indicate that n-type bismuth telluride with a rolling fiber texture can have a non-dimensional figure of merit ZT of almost 1 at room temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Raghavan; McReynolds, Kevin] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gothard, Nicholas W.; Spowart, Jonathan E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM raghavan.srinivasan@wright.edu FU AFRL/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP); National Research Council Research Associate award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX R. Srinivasan would like to acknowledge the support received through the AFRL/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) while performing the work reported in this paper. N.W. Gothard was supported at the same time through a National Research Council Research Associate award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors would like to acknowledge help received from the staff of the Materials Characterization Facility at US Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX). The availability of characterization facilities through the Educational Partnership Agreement (EPA) between AFRL/RX and Wright State University is greatly appreciated. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 588 BP 376 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.rnsea.2013.09.044 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 268NF UT WOS:000328176900047 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Williamson, JM AF Adams, Steven F. Williamson, James M. TI Spectroscopic Study of N-2(b(1)Pi(u), nu=8) by Atmospheric-Pressure Resonant-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization and Fluorescence Detection SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; RYDBERG STATES; N2; SPECTRUM; N-2 AB A spectroscopic analysis of the strongly perturbed N-2(b(1)Pi(u), nu = 8) state has been conducted, accounting for b(1)Pi(u)(nu = 8) <- X (1)Sigma(+)(g)(nu = 0) transitions, for the first time, up to J' = 20. A novel laser spectroscopy technique, using a combination of resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization and fluorescence detection at atmospheric pressure, avoids the severe effects of perturbation reported in past extreme vacuum ultraviolet absorption experiments that produced weak and unusable spectra for the nu = 8 level. The R, Q and P branches of the three-photon absorption transition b(1)Pi(u)(nu = 8) <- X (1)Sigma(+)(g)(nu = 0) were fit, allowing rotational term energy assignment up to J' = 20 and molecular constants to be determined. Evidence of the previously suspected perturbation in b(1)Pi(u)(nu = 8) is clear in this data, with significant A-type doubling at higher J' along with an anomalous negative value determined for the centrifugal distortion coefficient. C1 [Adams, Steven F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Williamson, James M.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45415 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45415 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful to Campbell Carter for his support and assistance in conducting this experiment and to B. Allen Tolson for his skillful technical support. This work was financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 19 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 50 BP 13535 EP 13542 DI 10.1021/jp407412t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 278WI UT WOS:000328920200037 PM 24047155 ER PT J AU Pustovit, VN Urbas, AM Shahbazyan, TV AF Pustovit, Vitaliy N. Urbas, Augustine M. Shahbazyan, Tigran V. TI Cooperative amplification of energy transfer in plasmonic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE METAL-PARTICLE; QUANTUM DOTS; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; TRANSFER FRET; SURFACE; FLUORESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; ENHANCEMENT; MICROCAVITY AB We study cooperative effects in energy transfer (ET) from an ensemble of donors to an acceptor near a plasmonic nanostructure. We demonstrate that, in the cooperative regime, ET takes place from plasmonic super-radiant and subradiant states rather than from individual donors leading to a significant increase in ET efficiency. The cooperative amplification of the ET relies on the large coupling of superradiant states to external fields and on the slow decay rate of subradiant states. We show that superradiant and subradiant ET mechanisms are efficient in different energy domains and, therefore, can be utilized independently. We present numerical results demonstrating the amplification effect for a layer of donors and an acceptor on a spherical plasmonic nanoparticle. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy N.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shahbazyan, Tigran V.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Pustovit, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award, AFRL; AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program; NSF [DMR-1206975]; CREST Center; EPSCOR FX This work was performed with support given to the first author by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award from the AFRL. Support by the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program is also acknowledged. Work at JSU was supported through the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1206975, the CREST Center, and the EPSCOR program. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 18 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 24 AR 245427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.245427 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AT0XC UT WOS:000344655600001 ER PT J AU Walker, KT Le Pichon, A Kim, TS de Groot-Hedlin, C Che, IY Garces, M AF Walker, Kristoffer T. Le Pichon, Alexis Kim, Tae Sung de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine Che, Il-Young Garces, Milton TI An analysis of ground shaking and transmission loss from infrasound generated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE infrasound transmission loss; earthquake infrasound; ground shaking; gravity waves; ShakeMaps; infrasound attenuation ID ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE EXPLOSIONS; PROPAGATION; WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; LOCATION; VELOCITY AB The 2011 M(w)9.0 Tohoku earthquake generated infrasound that was recorded by nine infrasonic arrays. Most arrays recorded a back azimuth variation with time due to the expanse of the source region. We use ray tracing to predict group velocities and back azimuth wind corrections. A Japan accelerometer network recorded ground shaking in unprecedented spatial resolution. We back projected infrasound from arrays IS44 (Kamchatka) and IS30 (Tokyo) to the source region and compare these results with acceleration data. IS44 illuminates the complex geometry of land areas that experienced shaking. IS30 illuminates two volcanoes and a flat area around the city of Sendai, where the maximum accelerations occurred. The arrays and epicentral region define three source-receiver profiles. The observed broadband energy transmission loss (TL) follows an exponential decay law. The best fitting model, which has parameters that are interpreted to include the effects of geometric spreading, scattering, and the maximum ratio of the effective sound speed in the stratosphere to that at the ground (accounts for stratospheric wind speed), yields a 65% variance reduction relative to predictions from a traditional TL relationship. This model is a simplified version of the model of Le Pichon et al. (2012), which yields an 83% variance reduction for a single frequency, implying that fine-scale atmospheric structure is required to explain the TL for stratospheric upwind propagation. Our results show that infrasonic arrays are sensitive to ground acceleration in the source region of megathrust earthquakes. The TL results may improve infrasonic amplitude scaling laws for explosive yield. C1 [Walker, Kristoffer T.; de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Walker, Kristoffer T.] BAE Syst, Treaty Monitoring Off, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [Le Pichon, Alexis] CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. [Kim, Tae Sung; Che, Il-Young] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Earthquake Res Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. [Garces, Milton] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Kailua, HI USA. RP Walker, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kristoffer.t.walker@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1147962] FX The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) provided the K-NET waveform data for this analysis. We thank R. Rembold and L. Evers for providing infrasonic array data and T. Uchide for providing seismic data and processing scripts. We also thank D. Drob for providing an atmospheric velocity model that was stochastically perturbed by internal gravity waves and T. Uchide, M. Zumberge, W. Kuperman, M. Dzieciuch, D. Green, S. Arrowsmith, and R. Waxler for discussions that benefited this study. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1147962. Three anonymous reviewers provided constructive feedback that benefited this paper. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 23 BP 12831 EP 12851 DI 10.1002/2013JD020187 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PD UT WOS:000330266500003 ER PT J AU Kesgin, I Levin, GA Haugan, TJ Selvamanickam, V AF Kesgin, Ibrahim Levin, George A. Haugan, Timothy J. Selvamanickam, Venkat TI Multifilament, copper-stabilized superconductor tapes with low alternating current loss SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; AC LOSSES; MAGNETIZATION LOSSES; REDUCTION; STRIP AB Multifilament fully stabilized second generation superconductor tapes have been fabricated with filaments widths as small as 180 mu m. Each superconducting filament is copper stabilized, with copper thickness up to 30 mu m, without compromising the beneficial effect of striations on magnetization AC losses. This has been accomplished by a combination of laser scribing (ablation), post-ablation oxidation, and subsequent selective electroplating of copper. Twelve millimeters wide superconductor tapes divided into 48 filaments with 10 mu m thick copper stabilizer is found to meet an AC loss target of 1 W/kA/m in applied alternating magnetic field of 0.075 T at 100Hz. This technique has a potential to be transferred to a large scale manufacturing of stabilized, low loss multifilament coated conductors. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kesgin, Ibrahim; Selvamanickam, Venkat] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kesgin, Ibrahim; Selvamanickam, Venkat] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Levin, George A.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Haugan, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kesgin, I (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ikesgin2@uh.edu RI Kesgin, Ibrahim/A-4178-2012 FU SuperPower; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors would like to acknowledge support of SuperPower, AFRL, and The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for this research. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 25 AR 252603 DI 10.1063/1.4853975 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 293LU UT WOS:000329973800059 ER PT J AU Lyons, EA Scheible, MK Sturk-Andreaggi, K Irwin, JA Just, RS AF Lyons, Elizabeth A. Scheible, Melissa K. Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly Irwin, Jodi A. Just, Rebecca S. TI A high-throughput Sanger strategy for human mitochondrial genome sequencing SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-DATA; QUALITY-CONTROL; MTDNA GENOME; DNA; GUIDELINES; TECHNOLOGY; DATABASES; GENETICS AB Background: A population reference database of complete human mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) sequences is needed to enable the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding region data in forensic casework applications. However, the development of entire mtGenome haplotypes to forensic data quality standards is difficult and laborious. A Sanger-based amplification and sequencing strategy that is designed for automated processing, yet routinely produces high quality sequences, is needed to facilitate high-volume production of these mtGenome data sets. Results: We developed a robust 8-amplicon Sanger sequencing strategy that regularly produces complete, forensic-quality mtGenome haplotypes in the first pass of data generation. The protocol works equally well on samples representing diverse mtDNA haplogroups and DNA input quantities ranging from 50 pg to 1 ng, and can be applied to specimens of varying DNA quality. The complete workflow was specifically designed for implementation on robotic instrumentation, which increases throughput and reduces both the opportunities for error inherent to manual processing and the cost of generating full mtGenome sequences. Conclusions: The described strategy will assist efforts to generate complete mtGenome haplotypes which meet the highest data quality expectations for forensic genetic and other applications. Additionally, high-quality data produced using this protocol can be used to assess mtDNA data developed using newer technologies and chemistries. Further, the amplification strategy can be used to enrich for mtDNA as a first step in sample preparation for targeted next-generation sequencing. C1 [Lyons, Elizabeth A.; Scheible, Melissa K.; Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly; Irwin, Jodi A.; Just, Rebecca S.] Amer Registry Pathol, Camden, DE 19934 USA. [Lyons, Elizabeth A.; Scheible, Melissa K.; Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly; Irwin, Jodi A.; Just, Rebecca S.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. [Just, Rebecca S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Just, RS (reprint author), Michigan State Police, 7320 N Canal Rd, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. EM rebecca.s.just.ctr@mail.mil FU National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U. S. Department of Justice; [2011-MU-MU-K402] FX The authors thank Thomas Parsons, Michael Coble, Toni Diegoli and Jennifer O'Callaghan for their contributions to earlier versions of the mtGenome amplification and sequencing strategy and laboratory workflow, and Toni Diegoli additionally for qPCR mtDNA quantification and assistance with data analysis. We thank Spence Fast, Jennifer Higginbotham, Jocelyn Bush, Michelle Peck and Joe Ring for their data production work on the serum specimens for the National Institute of Justice funded project, and Spence Fast and Jennifer Higginbotham additionally for protocol development laboratory work, input on protocol design, and assistance organizing information. We thank Walther Parson for discussion and as a co-investigator on the National Institute of Justice funded project; Michael Cummings for discussion; and Col Louis Finelli, James Canik, Lt Col Laura Regan, Timothy McMahon, Lanelle Chisholm, Shairose Lalani, Michael Fasano, Cynthia Thomas, and Michael Parry for administrative and logistical support. Finally, we thank Marek Rybka, Robert Ray and Kyle Cook for assistance with Hamilton method development, and John Butler for permission to use previously-obtained population samples for developmental testing. This project was supported in part by Award No. 2011-MU-MU-K402 to Jodi A. Irwin, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U. S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice funding was administered by the American Registry of Pathology. Neither entity had any role in study design; collection, analysis or interpretation of data; in the writing of this report; or in the decision to submit this paper for publication. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 14 AR UNSP 881 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-881 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 285AJ UT WOS:000329364500001 PM 24341507 ER PT J AU Liebig, CM Buller, SH Banerjee, PP Basun, SA Blanche, PA Thomas, J Christenson, CW Peyghambarian, N Evans, DR AF Liebig, C. M. Buller, S. H. Banerjee, P. P. Basun, S. A. Blanche, P. -A. Thomas, J. Christenson, C. W. Peyghambarian, N. Evans, D. R. TI Achieving enhanced gain in photorefractive polymers by eliminating electron contributions using large bias fields SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LATEX FILMS; DIFFUSION AB Photorefractive polymers have been extensively studied for over two decades and have found applications in holographic displays and optical image processing. The complexity of these materials arises from multiple charge contributions, for example, leading to the formation of competing photorefractive gratings. It has been recently shown that in a photorefractive polymer at relatively moderate applied electric fields the primary charge carriers (holes) establish an initial grating, followed by a subsequent competing grating (electrons) resulting in a decreased two-beam coupling and diffraction efficiencies. In this paper, it is shown that with relatively large sustainable bias fields, the two-beam coupling efficiency is enhanced owing to a decreased electron contribution. These results also explain the cause of dielectric breakdown experienced under large bias fields. Our conclusions are supported by self-pumped transient two-beam coupling and photocurrent measurements as a function of applied bias fields at different wavelengths. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Liebig, C. M.; Buller, S. H.; Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liebig, C. M.; Basun, S. A.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blanche, P. -A.; Christenson, C. W.; Peyghambarian, N.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thomas, J.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Thomas, J.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 25 BP 30392 EP 30400 DI 10.1364/OE.21.030392 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 273ZV UT WOS:000328575700026 PM 24514617 ER PT J AU Dapore, BR Rabb, DJ Haus, JW AF Dapore, Benjamin R. Rabb, David J. Haus, Joseph W. TI Phase noise analysis of two wavelength coherent imaging system SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY; MICROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHY AB Two wavelength coherent imaging is a digital holographic technique that offers several advantages over conventional coherent imaging. One of the most significant advantages is the ability to extract 3D target information from the phase contrast image at a known difference frequency. However, phase noise detracts from the accuracy at which the target can be faithfully identified. We therefore describe a method for relating phase noise to the correlation of the image planes corresponding to each wavelength, among other parameters. The prediction of the phase noise spectrum of a scene will aid in determining our ability to reconstruct the target. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Dapore, Benjamin R.; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, LADAR & Opt Commun Inst, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rabb, David J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RYMM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haus, JW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, LADAR & Opt Commun Inst, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jhaus1@udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-06-2-1081]; University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force through contract number FA8650-06-2-1081, and the University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect on the official policy of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 25 BP 30642 EP 30652 DI 10.1364/OE.21.030642 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 273ZV UT WOS:000328575700049 PM 24514640 ER PT J AU Mehta, PM McLaughlin, CA Sutton, EK AF Mehta, Piyush M. McLaughlin, Craig A. Sutton, Eric K. TI Drag coefficient modeling for grace using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Drag coefficient; Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; GRACE ID GAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ENERGY-ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENTS; SATELLITES; DENSITY AB Drag coefficient is a major source of uncertainty in predicting the orbit of a satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO). Computational methods like the Test Particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) are important tools in accurately computing physical drag coefficients. However, the methods are computationally expensive and cannot be employed real time. Therefore, modeling of the physical drag coefficient is required. This work presents a technique of developing parameterized drag coefficients models using the DSMC method. The technique is validated by developing a model for the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite. Results show that drag coefficients computed using the developed model for GRACE agree to within 1% with those computed using DSMC. (C) 2013 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehta, Piyush M.; McLaughlin, Craig A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Aerosp Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sutton, Eric K.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. RP Mehta, PM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1530 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM piyushmukeshmehta@gmail.com; craigm@ku.edu; Eric.Sutton@kirtland.af.mil RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU Department of Defense Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR) [FA9550-10-1-0038]; US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory/Laboratory Directed Research and Development program as part of the IMPACT (Integrated Modeling of Perturbations in Atmospheres for Conjunction Tracking) project FX Funding was provided equally by the Department of Defense Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR) Grant FA9550-10-1-0038 administered by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory/Laboratory Directed Research and Development program as part of the IMPACT (Integrated Modeling of Perturbations in Atmospheres for Conjunction Tracking) project. The authors would also like to thank Vivek Ram, graduate student at the University of Kansas, for his help with developing the high-fidelity GRACE CAD model. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2035 EP 2051 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2013.08.033 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280CJ UT WOS:000329006000001 ER PT J AU Kwak, J Grigsby, CC Smith, BR Rizki, MM Preti, G AF Kwak, Jae Grigsby, Claude C. Smith, Brittany R. Rizki, Mateen M. Preti, George TI Changes in volatile compounds of human urine as it ages: Their interaction with water SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Urine; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Hydration status; Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Metabolite Differentiation and Discovery Lab (MeDDL) AB The urinary odors are commonly perceived as unpleasant. While numerous studies have identified the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from urine, the odorants responsible for the urine odor are not well characterized. Furthermore, anecdotal reports suggest that the odor of aged urine is different from that of fresh urine. However, no study has yet to investigate the specific VOCs released from aged urine. In this study, we analyzed and compared the VOCs released from fresh and aged urine samples, investigating the changes in the urinary VOCs as urine aged. We found an overall decrease in concentration of many urinary VOCs, and concluded this was due to the urine evaporating as it aged. On the contrary, some highly water-soluble compounds such as short and branched-chain organic acids and trimethylamine, increased. Their increased release is most likely due to the loss of water and the subsequent release of water-soluble VOCs as urine ages. We suggest that these VOCs may contribute to the odor of the aged urine. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kwak, Jae; Smith, Brittany R.; Preti, George] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kwak, Jae] Air Force Res Lab, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grigsby, Claude C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rizki, Mateen M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Preti, George] Univ Penn, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kwak, J (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jae_hyock.kwak.ctr.kr@us.af.mil RI Kwak, Jae/E-5781-2011 OI Kwak, Jae/0000-0003-4216-2019 FU UES under Air Force prime contract [FA8650-10-C-6152]; ARO [DAAD19-03-1-0109]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0087] FX This work was supported by a subcontract from UES under Air Force prime contract FA8650-10-C-6152, by the ARO contract DAAD19-03-1-0109, and by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-11-1-0087. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. We are grateful to Mr. Tyler Highlander for his technical support. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 EI 1873-376X J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 941 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.040 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 257ET UT WOS:000327367100008 PM 24184836 ER PT J AU Ramana, CV Roy, CK Gengler, JJ Jones, JG AF Ramana, C. V. Roy, Chandan K. Gengler, Jamie J. Jones, John G. TI Crystal Structure, Phase Analysis, and Thermal Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Gd2O3-HfO2 Coatings (vol 116, pg 25178, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Correction C1 [Ramana, C. V.; Roy, Chandan K.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.; Jones, John G.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramana, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 12 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 49 BP 26414 EP 26414 DI 10.1021/jp410538q PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 273IZ UT WOS:000328529800061 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Fabrikant, II AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. Fabrikant, Ilya I. TI Thermal electron attachment to F-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ENERGY; MOLECULE; ION; F2; COLLISIONS; RESONANCE; SF6 AB Rate constants have been measured from 300 to 700 K for thermal electron attachment to F-2 using two flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatuses. Dissociative attachment yielding F- is observed with a rate constant of 5.0 +/- 1.3 x 10(- 9) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, rising to 9.6 +/- 2.4 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 700 K, well below the previously accepted values ofMcCorkle et al. [D.L. McCorkle, L.G. Christophorou, A.A. Christodoulides, and L. Pichiarella, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1966 (1986)]. The absolute concentration of F2 reaching the afterglowis verified by measuring the near-collisional rate constant (4.5 +/- 1.5 x 10-(10) cm(3) s(-1)) for Ar+ + F-2 -> ArF+ + F-2 Prior attempts to apply R- matrix calculations to the F-2 + e(-) system have failed to explain previously reported thermal and nonthermal attachment rate constants along with high-resolution, low-energy attachment cross sections. The present results are reproduced exceptionally well by R-matrix calculations employing previously calculated resonance widths without adjustment. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fabrikant, Ilya I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0969381]; [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. T.M.M. is under contract (Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. I.I.F. was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. PHY-0969381. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 AR 062708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.062708 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 275JU UT WOS:000328672900002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, A Agra-Kooijman, DM Zimmermann, N Kitzerow, HS Evans, DR Kumar, S AF Lorenz, Alexander Agra-Kooijman, Dena M. Zimmermann, Natalie Kitzerow, Heinz-S. Evans, Dean R. Kumar, Satyendra TI Bilayers in nanoparticle-doped polar mesogens SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE NANOPARTICLES; BARIUM-TITANATE NANOPARTICLES; SMECTIC-A; SCATTERING; MESOPHASE; DISPLAY; PHASES AB Structures of the mesophases of five members of the 4-n-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl homologous series (4-n-butyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl to 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl) doped with milled BaTiO3 nanoparticles were investigated by x-ray scattering. Clear solutions of each of the 4-n-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls were first prepared in n-heptane and then doped with an n-heptane/nanoparticle dispersion, which led to gelation. The nanogels were found to be one-dimensional, multilayered, smectic nanostructures in each case. Surprisingly, a characteristic layer spacing of 4.5 nm was observed in all five homologues. Synchrotron x-ray scattering study of the multilayer structures of doped 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl revealed nine orders of the primary Bragg reflection which were used to calculate the electron density profiles of the multilayers by Fourier analysis. The multilayers were found to consist of molecular bilayers wherein the mesogens were arranged in a head-to-head assembly of the polar head groups. The alkyl tails of the mesogenic molecules were freely movable and the tail-to-tail assembly was stabilized by heptane. The dissolved nanoparticles clearly induced a new self-assembled nanostructure in which the rigid aromatic part, and not the overall length, of the molecules defined the layer spacing. C1 [Lorenz, Alexander] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. [Agra-Kooijman, Dena M.; Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Zimmermann, Natalie; Kitzerow, Heinz-S.] Univ Paderborn, Dept Chem, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lorenz, A (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, 9 JJ Thompson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. FU German Research Foundation [KI 411/14, GRK 1464, LO 1922/1-1]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Office of Science (OS), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001412]; U.S. DOE, BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research was supported by the German Research Foundation (Grants No. KI 411/14, No. GRK 1464, and No. LO 1922/1-1). Participation of S. K. and DMA in this project was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Office of Science (OS), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Grant No. DE-SC0001412. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The molecular models were created with Avogadro [31] and rendered by using POV-Ray [33]. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 AR 062505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.062505 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 275RI UT WOS:000328694700012 PM 24483466 ER PT J AU Wadams, RC Fabris, L Vaia, RA Park, K AF Wadams, Robert C. Fabris, Laura Vaia, Richard A. Park, Kyoungweon TI Time-Dependent Susceptibility of the Growth of Gold Nanorods to the Addition of a Cosurfactant SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; CTAB; cosurfactant; BDAC; CTAC; growth mechanism ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; SIZE; SHAPE; SURFACTANTS; MECHANISM; MICELLES; SEED; ADSORPTION; SURFACES AB Gold nanorods have attracted more attention than other gold particle morphologies because of their tunable optical response, which is a product of simply changing the rod's aspect ratio. Advances in bottom-up synthetic methods of gold nanorods have greatly improved yields as well as allowed access to a range of aspect ratios. Despite great strides being made in synthetic methods, the growth mechanism of gold nanorods has been debated in recent years. A recent mechanism outlined by Park et al. shows that nanorods undergo five distinct stages of growth. Stages I and II of this growth mechanism are dominated by the epitaxial micellar adsorption of surfactant to the growing crystal and adatom migration during rod reconstruction, respectively. Both of these processes, occurring early in particle growth, clearly dominate the production of anisotropic species, as well as the resultant morphology. Therefore, our hypothesis is that nanorod growth should be most susceptible to crystal habit modification during early growth stages. In this work, we show that the addition of surfactants, having a structure similar to that of the primary morphology-guiding surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, during stages I and II of nanorod growth drastically influences the final dimensionality and morphology of nanorods. In contrast, addition after longer periods of time has little or no influence on rod structure. Our results bolster the growth mechanism outlined by Park et al., proving nanorod growth is most susceptible to crystal habit modification during growth stages that are dominated by epitaxial micellar adsorption and adatom reorganization. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the sensitivity of nanorod growth to the existing micellar state of the growth solution. C1 [Wadams, Robert C.; Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanotechnol Clean Energy IGERT, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.; Park, Kyoungweon] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kyoungweon.park.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [0903661] FX We thank Dr. Hilmar Koerner at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for advice and many fruitful technical conversations. This work was completed at the AFRL at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Funding was also provided by National Science Foundation Grant 0903661 ("Nanotechnology for Clean Energy IGERT"). NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 23 BP 4772 EP 4780 DI 10.1021/cm402863h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 272CG UT WOS:000328437300017 ER PT J AU Pal, C Sharma, AK Cammidge, AN Cook, MJ Ray, AK AF Pal, C. Sharma, A. K. Cammidge, A. N. Cook, M. J. Ray, A. K. TI Octaoctyl-Substituted Lutetium Bisphthalocyanine for NADH Biosensing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SANDWICH-TYPE (NA)PHTHALOCYANINATO; RARE-EARTH COMPLEXES; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; RAMAN CHARACTERISTICS; PHTHALOCYANINE FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DECKER COMPLEXES; SHEDDING LIGHT AB Cyclic voltammetric and Raman and UV-vis spectroscopic measurements were performed on thin films of nonperipherally substituted bis[1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(octyl)phthalocyaninato] lutetium(III) (R16LuPc2). Voltammograms exhibit one-electron quasi-reversible redox processes in 1.5 M LiClO4 aqueous solutions. The red-shift of the Q-band of R16LuPc2 in the UV-visible absorption spectra upon oxidation is attributed to the shortening of the inter-ring distance between the two phthalocyanine moieties. This observation is also consistent with the shift in the redox-sensitive vibrational modes in the Raman spectra due to the localization of the positive charge on phthalocyanine moieties. Neutralization of the oxidized R16LuPc2+ film by dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) using different concentrations varying from 0.05 to 1 mM has been studied by UV-vis absorption and Raman spectroscopies. The reduction processes for a three month old film were found to be slower than those for freshly prepared films and showed a dependence upon NADH concentration. The data provide a basis for application of R16LuPc2 as a sensor for NADH. C1 [Pal, C.; Ray, A. K.] Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Sharma, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, SE Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Cammidge, A. N.; Cook, M. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM asim.ray@brunel.ac.uk OI Cammidge, Andrew/0000-0001-7912-4310 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-13-1-3018] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant no. FA8655-13-1-3018. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Lesley Hanna of the Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University, for fruitful discussions and input. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 5 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 48 BP 15033 EP 15040 DI 10.1021/jp4078568 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 267MD UT WOS:000328101100016 PM 24205933 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, TS Striebich, RC Mueller, SS Strobel, EM Ruiz, ON AF Gunasekera, Thusitha S. Striebich, Richard C. Mueller, Susan S. Strobel, Ellen M. Ruiz, Oscar N. TI Transcriptional Profiling Suggests that Multiple Metabolic Adaptations are Required for Effective Proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Jet Fuel SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKANE DEGRADATION PATHWAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; BIOFILM FORMATION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; EFFLUX PUMPS; SIGMA-FACTOR; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; BACTERIA; IRON AB Fuel is a harsh environment for microbial growth. However, some bacteria can grow well due to their adaptive mechanisms. Our goal was to characterize the adaptations required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa proliferation in fuel. We have used DNA-microarrays and RT-PCR to characterize the transcriptional response of P. aeruginosa to fuel. Transcriptomics revealed that genes essential for medium- and long-chain n-alkane degradation including alkB1 and alkB2 were transcriptionally induced. Gas chromatography confirmed that P. aeruginosa possesses pathways to degrade different length n-alkanes, favoring the use of n-C11-18. Furthermore, a gamut of synergistic metabolic pathways, including porins, efflux pumps, biofilm formation, and iron transport, were transcriptionally regulated. Bioassays confirmed that efflux pumps and biofilm formation were required for growth in jet fuel. Furthermore, cell homeostasis appeared to be carefully maintained by the regulation of porins and efflux pumps. The Mex RND efflux pumps were required for fuel tolerance; blockage of these pumps precluded growth in fuel. This study provides a global understanding of the multiple metabolic adaptations required by bacteria for survival and proliferation in fuel-containing environments. This information can be applied to improve the fuel bioremediation properties of bacteria. C1 [Gunasekera, Thusitha S.; Striebich, Richard C.; Mueller, Susan S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Strobel, Ellen M.; Ruiz, Oscar N.] Air Force Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruiz, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1790 Loop Rd,Bldg 490, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oscar.ruiz@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch; Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program [N0001412MP20120] FX Research reported in this article was supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch, and the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program (Award number N0001412MP20120) to O.N.R. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 23 BP 13449 EP 13458 DI 10.1021/es403163k PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266CH UT WOS:000327999400032 PM 24164330 ER PT J AU Lovingood, DD Salter, WB Griffith, KR Simpson, KM Hearn, JD Owens, JR AF Lovingood, Derek D. Salter, W. Bruce Griffith, Kara R. Simpson, Katherine M. Hearn, John D. Owens, Jeffery R. TI Fabrication of Liquid and Vapor Protective Cotton Fabrics SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SILICA NANOPARTICLES; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; SURFACES; WATER; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; FILMS; WETTABILITY; COATINGS; DROPLETS AB Through microwave-assisted techniques, cotton textiles treated with heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of high surface area silica nanoparticles create a material capable of repelling bulk liquid challenges while simultaneously adsorbing organic vapors from bulk liquid droplets. Characterizing the contradictory behavior of adsorption of vapors and repellency of liquids is the primary focus of this article. These procedures reveal a quick and simple method for a one-step deposition of a vapor-sorptive, liquid-repellent, Cassie-Baxter surface onto textiles. Packed column breakthrough and single swatch permeation experiments showed that treated materials possess a high affinity for 3-hepten-2-one vapor, while goniometry revealed contact angles in excess of 120 degrees for surface-deposited, 5 mu L droplets of several test liquids. Scanning electron micrograph images confirm a lotus-like, nanorough surface, while ATR-FTIR spectra confirm surface fluorocarbon moieties. The performance of so-treated materials lends itself to the application of chemical protective apparel, while the simplicity of the treatment bodes well for potential commercialization. C1 [Lovingood, Derek D.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Salter, W. Bruce; Griffith, Kara R.; Simpson, Katherine M.] Univesal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hearn, John D.; Owens, Jeffery R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lovingood, DD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 4692 Millennium Dr,Ste 101, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. EM derek.lovingood.ctr@us.af.mil FU Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 3 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 48 BP 15043 EP 15050 DI 10.1021/la403266r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 266CJ UT WOS:000327999600036 PM 24219872 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Nan, TX Gao, Y Yang, X Beguhn, S Li, M Lu, Y Wang, JL Liu, M Mahalingam, K Howe, BM Brown, GJ Sun, NX AF Zhou, Z. Nan, T. X. Gao, Y. Yang, X. Beguhn, S. Li, M. Lu, Y. Wang, J. L. Liu, M. Mahalingam, K. Howe, B. M. Brown, G. J. Sun, N. X. TI Quantifying thickness-dependent charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling in magnetic/dielectric thin film heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; MEMORY; MAGNETIZATION; MULTILAYERS; RESONATOR; LAYERS; IRON AB Precise quantification of the magnetoelectric coupling strength in surface charge induced magnetoelectric effect was investigated in NiFe/SrTiO3 thin film heterostructures with different ultra-thin NiFe thicknesses through voltage induced ferromagnetic resonance. The voltage induced ferromagnetic resonance field shifts in these NiFe/SrTiO3 thin films heterostructures showed a maximum value of 65 Oe at an intermediate NiFe layer thickness of similar to 1.2 nm, which was interpreted based on the thin film growth model at the low-thicknesses and on the charge screening effect at large thicknesses. The precise quantification and understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling in magnetic/dielectric thin films heterostructures constitute an important step toward real applications. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhou, Z.; Nan, T. X.; Gao, Y.; Yang, X.; Beguhn, S.; Li, M.; Sun, N. X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lu, Y.; Wang, J. L.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Liu, M.; Mahalingam, K.; Howe, B. M.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM nian@ece.neu.edu RI Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009; WANG, Junling/B-3596-2009; You, Lu/H-1512-2011; Zhou, Ziyao/N-8398-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; Yang, Xi/E-6042-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010 OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X; WANG, Junling/0000-0003-3663-7081; You, Lu/0000-0003-3058-2884; Zhou, Ziyao/0000-0002-2389-1673; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094 FU AFRL through UES [S-875-060-018]; Semiconductor Research Corporation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51328203, 51132001] FX This work was financially supported by AFRL through UES Subcontract No. S-875-060-018, Semiconductor Research Corporation, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Nos. 51328203 and 51132001. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 23 AR 232906 DI 10.1063/1.4839276 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 274VS UT WOS:000328634900067 ER PT J AU Waggoner, J Zhou, YJ Simmons, J De Graef, M Wang, S AF Waggoner, Jarrell Zhou, Youjie Simmons, Jeff De Graef, Marc Wang, Song TI 3D Materials Image Segmentation by 2D Propagation: A Graph-Cut Approach Considering Homomorphism SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Materials images; homomorphic constraints; segmentation propagation; graph-cut; MRF ID ALGORITHM AB Segmentation propagation, similar to tracking, is the problem of transferring a segmentation of an image to a neighboring image in a sequence. This problem is of particular importance to materials science, where the accurate segmentation of a series of 2D serial-sectioned images of multiple, contiguous 3D structures has important applications. Such structures may have distinct shape, appearance, and topology, which can be considered to improve segmentation accuracy. For example, some materials images may have structures with a specific shape or appearance in each serial section slice, which only changes minimally from slice to slice, and some materials may exhibit specific inter-structure topology that constrains their neighboring relations. Some of these properties have been individually incorporated to segment specific materials images in prior work. In this paper, we develop a propagation framework for materials image segmentation where each propagation is formulated as an optimal labeling problem that can be efficiently solved using the graph-cut algorithm. Our framework makes three key contributions: 1) a homomorphic propagation approach, which considers the consistency of region adjacency in the propagation; 2) incorporation of shape and appearance consistency in the propagation; and 3) a local non-homomorphism strategy to handle newly appearing and disappearing substructures during this propagation. To show the effectiveness of our framework, we conduct experiments on various 3D materials images, and compare the performance against several existing image segmentation methods. C1 [Waggoner, Jarrell; Zhou, Youjie; Wang, Song] Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Simmons, Jeff] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [De Graef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Waggoner, J (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM waggonej@email.sc.edu; zhou42@email.sc.edu; jeff.simmons@wpafb.af.mil; degraef@cmu.edu; songwang@cec.sc.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 FU AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0327]; ARL [W911NF-10-2-0060]; [NSF-1017199]; [NSF-0951754] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR FA9550-11-1-0327, in part by NSF-1017199 and NSF-0951754, and in part by ARL W911NF-10-2-0060. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Ton Kalker. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 22 IS 12 BP 5282 EP 5293 DI 10.1109/TIP.2013.2284071 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AA6IY UT WOS:000331203200010 PM 24108718 ER PT J AU Greener, T Pinske, K Petersen, A AF Greener, Trent Pinske, Kim Petersen, Andrew TI Recovery SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Between training for improved athletic performance, classroom demands, and leaving time for a social life, the demands on collegiate athletes are significant. As a result, it is important for strength and conditioning coaches to include recovery methods into the training program that will promote recovery from training. Optimal improvements in performance are impossible without allowing your athletes to recover from the demands of being a student-athlete. we asked our panel of collegiate strength and conditioning coaches how they build recovery into the training programs they provide their athletes. C1 [Greener, Trent] Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pinske, Kim] US Air Force Acad, Athlet Dept, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Petersen, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Athlet Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Greener, T (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 EI 1533-4295 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 35 IS 6 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 299CX UT WOS:000330373800014 ER PT J AU Barron, LG Rose, MR AF Barron, Laura G. Rose, Mark R. TI Relative Validity of Distinct Spatial Abilities: An example with implications for diversity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; METAANALYSIS AB Despite the increasingly recognized importance of spatial ability in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, research to date has largely ignored distinctions in the criterion-related validity and subgroup differences associated with theoretically distinct spatial abilities. This study aims to enhance practical understanding by spotlighting a prominent military context as an example wherein specific spatial abilities may be both differentially relevant and differentially apt to result in adverse impact. Analyses compared the relative importance of (i) spatial orientation, (ii) visualization, (iii) closure flexibility, and (iv) perceptual speed for predicting U.S. Air Force pilot performance (N=1440), and compared subgroup differences in a large applicant sample (N=10,643). Given that specific spatial abilities vary substantially in the extent to which gender differences exist, this study highlights the practical implications associated with the choice of particular spatial ability measures in personnel selection. C1 [Barron, Laura G.] US Air Force, AF A1PT, HQ AFPC DSYX, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. US Air Force, AFPC DSYX, HQ AFPC DSYX, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. RP Barron, LG (reprint author), US Air Force, AF A1PT, HQ AFPC DSYX, 550 C St West,Ste 45, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM laura.barron@us.af.mil; mark.rose.7@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0965-075X EI 1468-2389 J9 INT J SELECT ASSESS JI Int. J. Sel. Assess. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1111/ijsa.12049 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 295RD UT WOS:000330132300006 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Placido, T Serak, S Comparelli, R Tamborra, M Tabiryan, N Curri, ML Bartolino, R Umeton, C Bunning, T AF De Sio, Luciano Placido, Tiziana Serak, Svetlana Comparelli, Roberto Tamborra, Michela Tabiryan, Nelson Curri, M. Lucia Bartolino, Roberto Umeton, Cesare Bunning, Timothy TI Nano-Localized Heating Source for Photonics and Plasmonics SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; RESONANCE; CANCER; LASER C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Bartolino, Roberto; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [De Sio, Luciano; Bartolino, Roberto; Umeton, Cesare] CNR IPCF UOS Cosenza, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana] Univ Bari, Dip Chim, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana; Comparelli, Roberto; Tamborra, Michela; Curri, M. Lucia] CNR IPCF Ist Proc Chim & Fis, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana; Comparelli, Roberto; Tamborra, Michela; Curri, M. Lucia] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it RI Comparelli, Roberto/C-5449-2009; placido, tiziana/C-6342-2015; Curri, Maria Lucia/C-5360-2009 OI Comparelli, Roberto/0000-0003-4640-7204; Curri, Maria Lucia/0000-0002-0261-8379 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR); Air Force Material Command (AFMC); U.S. Air Force [FA8655-12-1-003]; EC [CP-FP 228762-2]; PRIN [prot. 2010C4R8M8] FX Authors are grateful to: Dr. Giovanni Desiderio for performing the SEM analysis and Dr. Vincenzo Caligiuri for drafting the experimental setup reported in Figure 3. The research leading to reported results has received funding from: The U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR), Air Force Material Command (AFMC), U.S. Air Force, under grant FA8655-12-1-003 (P. I. L. De Sio), by the EC-funded project METACHEM (Grant CP-FP 228762-2) and by PRIN Anno 2010-2011 - prot. 2010C4R8M8. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 1 IS 12 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1002/adom.201300275 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 287US UT WOS:000329568300002 ER PT J AU Ranatunga, V Clay, SB AF Ranatunga, Vipul Clay, Stephen B. TI Cohesive modeling of damage growth in z-pinned laminates under mode-I loading SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Z-pinning; delamination; fracture; cohesive zone modeling ID DELAMINATION TOUGHNESS; COMPOSITE JOINTS; REINFORCEMENT; PINS AB In this paper, a traction-separation-based cohesive modeling approach is proposed to predict the effect of z-pinning on laminated composites. A detailed experimental characterization of the z-pin pullout process using the flatwise tension test is presented. Utilizing these flatwise tension results, numerical simulation of the progressive damage due to delaminations in a double cantilever beam with z-pinning has been performed. Experimental details of the z-pinned double cantilever beams are presented for IM7/977-3 graphite/epoxy. The approach taken in this study utilizing the cohesive elements within the Abaqus (R) finite element software has proven that the models can predict the behavior of z-pinned composites close to experimental observations. It was found that the discretization of the fracture resistance curve along the z-pin field is essential to capture the dynamics of the delamination accurately. C1 [Ranatunga, Vipul] Miami Univ, Dept Engn Technol, Middletown, OH 45042 USA. [Clay, Stephen B.] Air Force Res Lab, Analyt Struct Mech Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ranatunga, V (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Engn Technol, Middletown, OH 45042 USA. EM ranatupv@muohio.edu FU Air Force [FA8650-04-D-3446] FX V.R. gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from Air Force under contract number FA8650-04-D-3446. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 47 IS 26 BP 3269 EP 3283 DI 10.1177/0021998312464078 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 287MD UT WOS:000329545000001 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Hudson, MK Kress, BT AF Selesnick, R. S. Hudson, M. K. Kress, B. T. TI Direct observation of the CRAND proton radiation belt source SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; protons; CRAND ID ENERGY; FIELD AB Observations of geomagnetically trapped 27-45MeV protons following the November 2003 magnetic storm show a gradual intensity rise that is interpreted as a direct measurement of the cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) source strength. The intensity rise is simulated by combining the detector response function with a model CRAND source, obtained by drift-averaging neutron intensity from Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The simulation, for 2.420 m/s for combustion-to-plasma power ratios >10:1. Another arrangement produces plasma along the initial mixing layer of a nonpremixed flame, yielding a thin cylindrical reaction zone of coincident chemiluminescence and fluorescence. Replacing the fuel with rich premixed gases produces a narrow conical flame anchored by the circular plasma discharge with a little flamefront fluctuation. The high-speed diagnostics capture OH signals in cinematic sequences, providing new understanding of the plasma-assisted flame holding mechanism and allowing for the tracking of individual flow feature development. C1 [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kostka, Stanislav] Pratt & Whitney, Combustor Aerothermal Grp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Lynch, Amy; Carter, Campbell] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hammack, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hammacks@msu.edu; stanislav.kostka@pw.utc.com; amy.lynch@wpafb.af.mil; campbell.carter@wpafb.af.mil; tonghun@msu.edu RI Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0802267] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-09-1-0282 and Award FA9550-10-1-0556 and in part by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-0802267. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 3279 EP 3286 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2280729 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275TS UT WOS:000328701100013 ER PT J AU Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Cooke, DC Wheelock, A Mateo-Velez, JC Roussel, JF Payan, D Cho, M Koga, K AF Davis, V. A. Mandell, M. J. Cooke, D. C. Wheelock, A. Mateo-Velez, J-C Roussel, J-F Payan, D. Cho, M. Koga, K. TI Comparison of Low Earth Orbit Wake Current Collection Simulations Using Nascap-2k, SPIS, and MUSCAT Computer Codes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aerospace simulation; plasma sheath; wake structure ID CAPABILITIES; SPACECRAFT; GEO AB The structure of the wake generated by an object immersed in a dense, low temperature, drifting plasma is simulated using three different spacecraft charging software tools, Nascap-2k, the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS), and the Multi-Utility Spacecraft Charging Analysis Tool (MUSCAT). Each tool uses different algorithms to simulate the particle dynamics, the space charge effect on the electric field, and the currents collected by the object. The system modeled is a plate with a high negative potential on the wake side. The results from the different simulations agree with each other and with experiments conducted on the same configuration. In particular, the nontrivial shape of the collected current density map is correctly simulated by all the codes. The comparison illustrates the strengths of the various approaches. C1 [Davis, V. A.; Mandell, M. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Cooke, D. C.; Wheelock, A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Mateo-Velez, J-C; Roussel, J-F] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Payan, D.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Cho, M.] Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Koga, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. RP Davis, VA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM victoria.a.davis@saic.com; myron.j.mandell@saic.com; david.cooke@kirtland.af.mil; adrian.wheelock@kirtland.af.mil; Jean-Charles.Mateo_Velez@onera.fr; Jean-Francois.Roussel@onera.fr; denis.payan@cnes.fr; cho@ele.kyutech.ac.jp; koga.kiyokazu@jaxa.jp FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 3303 EP 3309 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2247424 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275UO UT WOS:000328703500002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Vayner, BV AF Ferguson, Dale C. Vayner, Boris V. TI Flashover Current Pulse Formation and the Perimeter Theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DC electric field measurements; spacecraft charging ID ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE; SOLAR-ARRAY; ENVIRONMENT AB Electrostatic discharges on the spacecraft solar array surfaces have been studied for over 40 years. Multiple tests in many laboratories have been performed to reveal the mechanisms of current pulse formation, to determine plasma expansion speed and dimensions of neutralized surface area, and to define the parameters of the electric circuits to be able to adequately simulate space discharges in plasma chambers. Initially, a thorough analysis of all the available experimental data is performed to achieve progress in the creation of a satisfactory theoretical description of pulse wave forms and surface neutralization processes. It is shown that there are two main reasons for the significant variations observed in pulse wave forms, durations, and amplitudes; differences in test arrangements and pure statistical variations caused by the random nature of arc inception and development. Then, the theoretical model of flashover current pulse formation due to coverglass charge neutralization at the plasma perimeter is carefully considered and confronted with existing experimental data. It is found that this theory contains some appropriate elements but cannot be applied for quantitative explanation of pulse wave forms. The comparison of theoretical results and experimental data clearly shows that there is no (and there cannot be) such thing as a standard pulse. To estimate the possibility of detrimental effects from primary arcs, these events must be studied and analyzed statistically. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Vayner, Boris V.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil; boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 3393 EP 3401 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2279760 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275UO UT WOS:000328703500012 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Cooke, D Pfaff, R Rowland, D Klenzing, J Freudenreich, H AF Ferguson, Dale C. Cooke, David Pfaff, Robert Rowland, Douglas Klenzing, Jeffrey Freudenreich, Henry TI Ram/Wake and Surface Layer Effects on DC Electric Field Measurements in LEO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DC electric field measurements; spacecraft charging ID PLASMAS; PROBES; WAKE AB The USAF Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite, launched into an eccentric low earth orbit (401 km perigee by 867 km apogee) of 13 degrees inclination on April 16, 2008, has a set of dc electric field probes that constitute part of the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI). In order to obtain the ambient electric field, the v x B component of electric field must be subtracted from the VEFI measurements. After this subtraction and the subtraction of the ambient dc electric components, a residual dc offset directed toward the spacecraft wake is still observed, which varies somewhat within an orbit and on longer timescales. One of the interesting features of these offsets is that when the satellite is occasionally rotated, the offsets are reset to their baseline values, only to come back within a month or so. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the residual dc offsets. In this paper, we explore the possibilities that either the influence of the spacecraft wake on the sensors or that modified surface layers on the probe surfaces are producing the offsets. Nascap-2k and EWB models are used to show the various influences of the wake and of surface materials. Finally, a hypothesis is produced that quantitatively explains many of the salient features of the offsets. The feasibility of using dc electric field probes in space is reaffirmed. Recommendations for probe construction on future spacecraft to ameliorate spurious effects are presented. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.; Cooke, David] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Pfaff, Robert; Rowland, Douglas; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Freudenreich, Henry] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil; david.cooke@kirtland.af.mil; robert.f.pfaff@nasa.gov; douglas.f.rowland@nasa.gov; jeffrey.klenzing@nasa.gov; henry.f.freudenreich@nasa.gov RI Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011 OI Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 3459 EP 3470 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2278615 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275UO UT WOS:000328703500021 ER PT J AU Saxby, DJ Matthews, G Warm, JS Hitchcock, EM Neubauer, C AF Saxby, Dyani J. Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. Hitchcock, Edward M. Neubauer, Catherine TI Active and Passive Fatigue in Simulated Driving: Discriminating Styles of Workload Regulation and Their Safety Impacts SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED LA English DT Article DE fatigue; automation; driving scenarios; simulated driving; performance ID ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; DRIVER FATIGUE; TASK ENGAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; STRESS; AUTOMATION; DURATION; STATES AB Despite the known dangers of driver fatigue, it is a difficult construct to study empirically. Different forms of task-induced fatigue may differ in their effects on driver performance and safety. Desmond and Hancock (2001) defined active and passive fatigue states that reflect different styles of workload regulation. In 2 driving simulator studies we investigated the multidimensional subjective states and safety outcomes associated with active and passive fatigue. Wind gusts were used to induce active fatigue, and full vehicle automation to induce passive fatigue. Drive duration was independently manipulated to track the development of fatigue states over time. Participants were undergraduate students. Study 1 (N = 108) focused on subjective response and associated cognitive stress processes, while Study 2 (N = 168) tested fatigue effects on vehicle control and alertness. In both studies the 2 fatigue manipulations produced different patterns of subjective response reflecting different styles of workload regulation, appraisal, and coping. Active fatigue was associated with distress, overload, and heightened coping efforts, whereas passive fatigue corresponded to large-magnitude declines in task engagement, cognitive underload, and reduced challenge appraisal. Study 2 showed that only passive fatigue reduced alertness, operationalized as speed of braking and steering responses to an emergency event. Passive fatigue also increased crash probability, but did not affect a measure of vehicle control. Findings support theories that see fatigue as an outcome of strategies for managing workload. The distinction between active and passive fatigue is important for assessment of fatigue and for evaluating automated driving systems which may induce dangerous levels of passive fatigue. C1 [Saxby, Dyani J.; Neubauer, Catherine] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Warm, Joel S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Human Factors Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hitchcock, Edward M.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Matthews, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, ACT Lab, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM gmatthews@ist.ucf.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-898X EI 1939-2192 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Appl. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1037/a0034386 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 277KH UT WOS:000328817200002 PM 24041288 ER PT J AU Cung, K Han, BJ Nguyen, TD Mao, S Yeh, YW Xu, SY Naik, RR Poirier, G Yao, N Purohit, PK McAlpine, MC AF Cung, Kellye Han, Booyeon J. Nguyen, Thanh D. Mao, Sheng Yeh, Yao-Wen Xu, Shiyou Naik, Rajesh R. Poirier, Gerald Yao, Nan Purohit, Prashant K. McAlpine, Michael C. TI Biotemplated Synthesis of PZT Nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biotemplated nanomaterials; piezoelectric nanowires; biomimetic synthesis; biomechanical energy harvesting ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; PIEZOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS; MECHANICAL ENERGY; POWER-GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; FREQUENCY; PROTEIN; VIRUS; SCALE AB Piezoelectric nanowires are an important class of smart materials for next-generation applications including energy harvesting, robotic actuation, and bioMEMS. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), in particular, has attracted significant attention, owing to its superior electromechanical conversion performance. Yet, the ability to synthesize crystalline PZT nanowires with well-controlled properties remains a challenge. Applications of common nanosynthesis methods to PZT are hampered by issues such as slow kinetics, lack of suitable catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions. Here we report a versatile biomimetic method, in which biotemplates are used to define PZT nanostructures, allowing for rational control over composition and crystallinity. Specifically, stoichiometric PZT nanowires were synthesized using both polysaccharide (alginate) and bacteriophage templates. The wires possessed measured piezoelectric constants of up to 132 pm/V after poling, among the highest reported for PZT nanomaterials. Further, integrated devices can generate up to 0.820 mu W/cm(2) of power. These results suggest that biotemplated piezoelectric nanowires are attractive candidates for stimuli-responsive nanosensors, adaptive nanoactuators, and nanoscale energy harvesters. C1 [Cung, Kellye] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Han, Booyeon J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nguyen, Thanh D.; McAlpine, Michael C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Sheng; Purohit, Prashant K.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Yeh, Yao-Wen; Xu, Shiyou; Poirier, Gerald; Yao, Nan] Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McAlpine, MC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mcm@princeton.edu OI Yeh, Yao-Wen/0000-0003-2483-7502 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0397, W-911NF-11-1-0494]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0367]; National Science Foundation-MRSEC program through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX K.C. thanks Karthikeyan Rajendran for assistance with MATLAB and Lily Cheung and Nina Masters for assistance with figures. M.C.M. acknowledges support of this work by the Army Research Office (No. W911NF-11-1-0397) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. FA9550-12-1-0367). P.K.P. acknowledges support by the Army Research Office (W-911NF-11-1-0494). N.Y. acknowledges the partial support of the National Science Foundation-MRSEC program through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860). R.R.N. acknowledges funding support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 6197 EP 6202 DI 10.1021/nl4035708 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 272CZ UT WOS:000328439200067 PM 24274657 ER PT J AU Biswas, S Duan, JS Nepal, D Park, K Pachter, R Vaia, RA AF Biswas, Sushmita Duan, Jinsong Nepal, Dhriti Park, Kyoungweon Pachter, Ruth Vaia, Richard A. TI Plasmon-Induced Transparency in the Visible Region via Self-Assembled Gold Nanorod Heterodimers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmon-induced transparency; Fano resonances; self-assembly; gold nanorod; heterodimer; metamaterial ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; FANO RESONANCES; METAMATERIALS; ORIENTATION; DIMERS; ANALOG AB The phenomenon of plasmon-induced transparency holds immense potential for high sensitivity sensors and optical information processing due to the extreme dispersion and slowing of light within a narrow spectral window. Unfortunately plasmonic metamaterials demonstrating this effect has been restricted to infrared and greater wavelengths due to requisite precision in structure fabrication. Here we report a novel metamaterial synthesized by bottom-up self-assembly of gold nanorods. The small dimensions (<= 50/20 nm, length/diameter), atomically smooth surfaces, and nanometer resolution enable the first demonstration of plasmon-induced transparency at visible wavelengths. The slow-down factors within the reduced symmetry heterodimer cluster are comparable to longer wavelength counterparts. The inherent spectral tunability and facile large-scale integration afforded by self-assembled rnetamaterials Will open a new paradigm for physically realizable on-chip photonic device designs. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Duan, Jinsong; Nepal, Dhriti; Park, Kyoungweon; Pachter, Ruth; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 114 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 6287 EP 6291 DI 10.1021/nl403911z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 272CZ UT WOS:000328439200082 PM 24256476 ER PT J AU Combs, ZA Malak, ST Konig, T Mahmoud, MA Chavez, JL El-Sayed, MA Kelley-Loughnane, N Tsukruk, VV AF Combs, Zachary A. Malak, Sidney T. Koenig, Tobias Mahmoud, Mahmoud A. Chavez, Jorge L. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Aptamer-Assisted Assembly of Gold Nanoframe Dimers SO PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE aptamers; gold nanoframes; riboflavin biodetection; surface-enhanced Raman scattering ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACE-PLASMON FIELDS; SILVER NANOCUBES; NANOPARTICLES; SERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; RIBOFLAVIN; NANOCAGES; NANORINGS AB The assembly of nanoframe dimers assisted by aptamer-functionalized smaller spherical gold nanoparticles as prospective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biotraps for riboflavin, an important molecule for biological electron transfer reactions, is reported. In this approach, the aptamer-coated gold nanoparticles designed for selective binding of riboflavin also serve as the electrostatic driver for nanoframe dimerization in dilute solutions. The gold nanoframe dimers provide unique conditions for plasmonic coupling in a hot spot with sufficient space for the binding of bulky biomolecules. The use of an aptamer allows for highly selective binding of the targeted analyte as compared with conventional organic ligands with excellent low detection limit of one micromole of riboflavin. C1 [Combs, Zachary A.; Malak, Sidney T.; Koenig, Tobias; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mahmoud, Mahmoud A.; El-Sayed, Mostafa A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Combs, ZA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Koenig, Tobias/C-3430-2012 FU NSF-CBET [0930781]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46604]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Defense Science, and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a] FX Financial support from the NSF-CBET - 0930781 (substrate design and biodetection) and from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award # DE-FG02-09ER46604 (gold nanoframe synthesis and simulations) is gratefully acknowledged. Z.A.C. thanks support under and awarded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science, and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a. The authors thank J. Simon and S. R. Marder for assistance with UV-Vis-NIR measurements. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0934-0866 EI 1521-4117 J9 PART PART SYST CHAR JI Part. Part. Syst. Charact. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1002/ppsc.201300187 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 271LJ UT WOS:000328393100013 ER PT J AU Sunberg, Z Chakravorty, S Erwin, RS AF Sunberg, Z. Chakravorty, S. Erwin, R. Scott TI Information Space Receding Horizon Control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Computational intelligence; partially observed Markov Decision Problems (POMDP); receding horizon control; stochastic optimization ID POMDPS AB In this paper, we present a receding horizon solution to the optimal sensor scheduling problem. The optimal sensor scheduling problem can be posed as a partially observed Markov decision problem whose solution is given by an information space (I-space) dynamic programming (DP) problem. We present a simulation-based stochastic optimization technique that, combined with a receding horizon approach, obviates the need to solve the computationally intractable I-space DP problem. The technique is tested on a sensor scheduling problem, in which a sensor must choose among the measurements of N dynamical systems in a manner that maximizes information regarding the aggregate system over an infinite horizon. While simple, such problems nonetheless lead to very high dimensional DP problems to which the receding horizon approach is well suited. C1 [Sunberg, Z.; Chakravorty, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Sunberg, Z (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sunbergzach@gmail.com; schakrav@aero.tamu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0694]; AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship FX This work was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-09-1-0694 and an AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor S. E. Shimony. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2267 EI 2168-2275 J9 IEEE T CYBERNETICS JI IEEE T. Cybern. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2255 EP 2260 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2236313 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 261EP UT WOS:000327647500061 PM 23757584 ER PT J AU Chu, RL Hsueh, WJ Chiang, TH Lee, WC Lin, HY Lin, TD Brown, GJ Chyi, JI Huang, TS Pi, TW Kwo, JR Hong, M AF Chu, Rei-Lin Hsueh, Wei-Jen Chiang, Tsung-Hung Lee, Wei-Chin Lin, Hsiao-Yu Lin, Tsung-Da Brown, Gail J. Chyi, Jen-Inn Huang, Tsung-Shiew Pi, Tun-Wen Kwo, J. Raynien Hong, Minghwei TI Surface Passivation of GaSb(100) Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Y2O3 and Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3: A Comparative Study SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; COMPOUND; DENSITY; DEVICES AB Y2O3 and Al2O3 were deposited onto GaSb(100) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy and atomic layer deposition, respectively. Angle-resolved Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical measurements were used to probe the two oxide/semiconductor interfaces, which yielded very different behaviors. Highly surface-sensitive scans showed traces of SbOx and AsOx at the Y2O3 surface, which were removed during subsquent ALD Al2O3. The deposition of Y2O3 led to true inversion as indicated in capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics, small hysteresis and frequency dispersion, and low gate leakage. In contrast, for Al2O3/GaSb, the GaSb remained virtually intact, with Al2O3 bonding to the residual As, leading to poor C-V characteristics. (C) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Chu, Rei-Lin; Chiang, Tsung-Hung; Huang, Tsung-Shiew] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Hsueh, Wei-Jen; Chyi, Jen-Inn] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Lee, Wei-Chin; Lin, Hsiao-Yu; Kwo, J. Raynien] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Lin, Tsung-Da; Hong, Minghwei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Lin, Tsung-Da; Hong, Minghwei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Brown, Gail J.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pi, Tun-Wen] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. RP Pi, TW (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. EM pi@nsrrc.org.tw; raynien@phys.nthu.edu.tw; mhong@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Lin, TD/A-7973-2008; Chyi, Jen-Inn/A-1799-2016 FU National Nano Projects of the National Science Council of Taiwan [100-2120-M-002-016, 101-2120-M-002-016, 102-2622-E-002-014]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD); National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) FX We are thankful for the support given by the National Nano Projects 100-2120-M-002-016, 101-2120-M-002-016, and 102-2622-E-002-014 of the National Science Council of Taiwan, Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD), and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC). NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD DEC PY 2013 VL 6 IS 12 AR 121201 DI 10.7567/APEX.6.121201 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 268HL UT WOS:000328160900005 ER PT J AU Sun, XD Hoeksema, JT Liu, Y Aulanier, G Su, YN Hannah, IG Hock, RA AF Sun, Xudong Hoeksema, J. Todd Liu, Yang Aulanier, Guillaume Su, Yingna Hannah, Iain G. Hock, Rachel A. TI HOT SPINE LOOPS AND THE NATURE OF A LATE-PHASE SOLAR FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: UV radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; UNSTABLE FLUX ROPES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE-REGION; X-RAY; 3 DIMENSIONS; RECONNECTION; TOPOLOGY; MODEL AB The fan-spine magnetic topology is believed to be responsible for many curious features in solar explosive events. A spine field line links distinct flux domains, but direct observation of such a feature has been rare. Here we report a unique event observed by the Solar Dynamic Observatory where a set of hot coronal loops (over 10 MK) connected to a quasi-circular chromospheric ribbon at one end and a remote brightening at the other. Magnetic field extrapolation suggests that these loops are partly tracers of the evolving spine field line. Continuous slipping-and null-point-type reconnections were likely at work, energizing the loop plasma and transferring magnetic flux within and across the fan quasi-separatrix layer. We argue that the initial reconnection is of the "breakout" type, which then transitioned to a more violent flare reconnection with an eruption from the fan dome. Significant magnetic field changes are expected and indeed ensued. This event also features an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) late phase, i.e., a delayed secondary emission peak in warm EUV lines (about 2-7 MK). We show that this peak comes from the cooling of large post-reconnection loops beside and above the compact fan, a direct product of eruption in such topological settings. The long cooling time of the large arcades contributes to the long delay; additional heating may also be required. Our result demonstrates the critical nature of cross-scale magnetic coupling-topological change in a sub-system may lead to explosions on a much larger scale. C1 [Sun, Xudong; Hoeksema, J. Todd; Liu, Yang] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Aulanier, Guillaume] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Su, Yingna] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hannah, Iain G.] Univ Glasgow, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Hock, Rachel A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. RP Sun, XD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM xudong@sun.stanford.edu RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011; Sun, Xudong/M-3245-2013 OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603; Sun, Xudong/0000-0003-4043-616X FU NASA [NAS5-02139]; NASA contract from LMSAL [SP02H1701R] FX We are grateful to T. Wiegelmann for the NLFFF extrapolation model and J. A. Klimchuk for the EBTEL model. We thank J. Qiu, Q.-R. Chen, W. Liu, C.-L. Shen, A. Malanushenko, and K. Liu for discussion and help on the data analysis. X. Sun, J. T. Hoeksema, and Y. Liu are supported by NASA contract NAS5-02139 (HMI) to Stanford University. Y.-N. S. is supported by NASA contract SP02H1701R from LMSAL to SAO. The SDO data are courtesy of NASA and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. We acknowledge the use of GOES, Hinode, RHESSI, and STEREO data. Magnetic field lines are visualized with VAPOR (http://www.vapor.ucar.edu). The curve fitting is performed with MPFIT (http://purl.com/net/mpfit). NR 101 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/139 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262UH UT WOS:000327762800054 ER PT J AU Adams, KE Rans, TS AF Adams, Karla E. Rans, Tonya S. TI Adverse reactions to alcohol and alcoholic beverages SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WINE-INDUCED ASTHMA; ACETALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-2 GENOTYPE; LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY; INDUCED URTICARIA; ETHANOL; BEER; INTOLERANCE; HISTAMINE C1 [Adams, Karla E.; Rans, Tonya S.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Adams, KE (reprint author), Div Allergy Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM karla.adams@us.af.mil NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 111 IS 6 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.016 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 259PL UT WOS:000327538700005 PM 24267355 ER PT J AU King, CD Olcmen, SM Sharif, MAR Presdorf, T AF King, Christopher D. Oelcmen, Semih M. Sharif, Muhammad A. R. Presdorf, Tom TI COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSER PERFORMANCE FOR SUBSONIC AERODYNAMIC RESEARCH LABORATORY WIND TUNNEL SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE wind tunnel; diffuser; efficiency increase; numerical simulation; turbulent flow; k-epsilon model ID ANNULAR DIFFUSERS; CONICAL DIFFUSER; CENTRIFUGAL FAN; FLUID-FLOW; IMPROVEMENT; DESIGN AB Improving the efficiency of the Air Force Subsonic Aerodynamic Research Laboratory (SARL) wind tunnel with the use of alternative diffuser geometries is investigated. A previous analysis of head losses throughout the tunnel has shown that approximately thirty percent of losses through the tunnel occurred at the exit of the tunnel (Britcher, 2011). In the present work, two separate diffuser geometries, identified after precursory calculations made using SolidWorks, were computationally evaluated using the ANSYS FLUENT CFD code to determine their efficiency improvement with respect to the original tunnel geometry and with respect to each other. Computations were made on the full scale model of the fan duct and the diffuser sections with an average inlet velocity of sixty meters per second, using both uniform and fully developed velocity profiles at the entrance of the fan duct since the velocity profile in the SARL tunnel is not known. The results indicate that a 3.5 half-apex angle conical diffuser followed with tubular and annular conical section with dividers results in the least total pressure loss. The calculated percent head loss reductions for this diffuser geometry range from 14.9% to 20.9% over the existing SARL diffuser geometry. For the entire SARL tunnel, this corresponds to a substantial 5.2% to 7.3% efficiency improvement. C1 [King, Christopher D.; Oelcmen, Semih M.; Sharif, Muhammad A. R.] Univ Alabama, Aerosp Engn & Mech Dept, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Presdorf, Tom] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Sharif, MAR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Aerosp Engn & Mech Dept, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM msharif@eng.ua.edu OI Olcmen, Semih/0000-0001-8272-3912 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, DEPT CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENG PI HONG KONG PA HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1994-2060 EI 1997-003X J9 ENG APPL COMP FLUID JI Eng. Appl. Comp. Fluid Mech. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 419 EP 432 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 260LN UT WOS:000327596500001 ER PT J AU Bochove, EJ Zunoubi, MR Corcoran, CJ AF Bochove, Erik J. Zunoubi, Mohammad R. Corcoran, Christopher J. TI Effect of Kerr and resonant nonlinearities on phase locking of a multistable fiber amplifier array SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER ARRAYS; COHERENT AB An analysis is presented, based on a rigorous solution of the propagation equations, of an array of saturable fiber amplifiers with scatter in length that is subject to global feedback. Passively phase-locked states exhibiting multistability due to resonant or Kerr nonlinearity are predicted in respectively low and high regimes of optical feedback. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Zunoubi, Mohammad R.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Corcoran, Christopher J.] Corcoran Engn Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil FU JTO [FA9451-10-D-0243]; AFOSR FX The authors appreciate financial support from the JTO (project no. FA9451-10-D-0243) and the AFOSR (A. Nachman). NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 23 BP 5016 EP 5019 DI 10.1364/OL.38.005016 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 263NK UT WOS:000327815100023 PM 24281498 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Bisi, MM Buffington, A Clover, JM Cooke, MP Eyles, CJ Hick, PP Holladay, PE Jackson, BV Johnston, JC Kahler, SW Kuchar, TA Mizuno, DR Penny, AJ Price, SD Radick, RR Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ Waltham, NR Webb, DF AF Howard, T. A. Bisi, M. M. Buffington, A. Clover, J. M. Cooke, M. P. Eyles, C. J. Hick, P. P. Holladay, P. E. Jackson, B. V. Johnston, J. C. Kahler, S. W. Kuchar, T. A. Mizuno, D. R. Penny, A. J. Price, S. D. Radick, R. R. Simnett, G. M. Tappin, S. J. Waltham, N. R. Webb, D. F. TI The Solar Mass Ejection Imager and Its Heliospheric Imaging Legacy SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Instrumentation; Heliospheric imaging; Coronal mass ejections; Interplanetary medium; Solar-terrestrial relations; Corotating interaction regions; High-altitude aurora; Zodiacal light; Gegenschein; Comets; Variable stars; Space weather forecasting ID INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS; INTERACTION REGIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; 3D RECONSTRUCTION; STEREO MISSION; 5 AU; SMEI; WIND; CME AB The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) was the first of a new class of heliospheric and astronomical white-light imager. A heliospheric imager operates in a fashion similar to coronagraphs, in that it observes solar photospheric white light that has been Thomson scattered by free electrons in the solar wind plasma. Compared with traditional coronagraphs, this imager differs in that it observes at much larger angles from the Sun. This in turn requires a much higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range for the measured intensity. SMEI was launched on the Coriolis spacecraft in January 2003 and was deactivated in September 2011, thus operating almost continuously for nearly nine years. Its primary objective was the observation of interplanetary transients, typically coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and tracking them continuously throughout the inner heliosphere. Towards this goal it was immediately effective, observing and tracking several CMEs in the first month of mission operations, with some 400 detections to follow. Along with this primary science objective, SMEI also contributed to many and varied scientific fields, including studies of corotating interaction regions (CIRs), the high-altitude aurora, zodiacal light, Gegenschein, comet tail disconnections and motions, and variable stars. It was also able to detect and track Earth-orbiting satellites and space debris. Along with its scientific advancements, SMEI also demonstrated a significantly improved accuracy of space weather prediction, thereby establishing the feasibility and usefulness of operational heliospheric imagers. In this paper we review the scientific and operational achievements of SMEI, discuss lessons learned, and present our view of potential next steps in future heliospheric imaging. C1 [Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Bisi, M. M.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, England. [Buffington, A.; Clover, J. M.; Hick, P. P.; Jackson, B. V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cooke, M. P.; Eyles, C. J.; Simnett, G. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Edgbaston B15 2TT, England. [Eyles, C. J.] Univ Valencia, Lab Proc Imagenes, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Cooke, M. P.; Waltham, N. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kuchar, T. A.; Mizuno, D. R.; Price, S. D.; Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02459 USA. [Penny, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Radick, R. R.] Natl Solar Observ, Air Force Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Tappin, S. J.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM howard@boulder.swri.edu FU US Air Force; University of Birmingham; NASA; AFRL; NSF; USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement FX The SMEI instrument was designed and built by a team of scientists and engineers at the University of Birmingham in the UK, the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), together with the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, who designed the CCD cameras under a sub-contract to the University of Birmingham. Program management was conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Financial support has been provided by the US Air Force, the University of Birmingham, and NASA, and the science projects have been funded by AFRL, NASA and NSF. Data processing pipelines were developed by AFRL, UCSD, and NSO. We thank all of those who helped to make SMEI an unmitigated success: To the Principal Investigators over the years, R. Altrock, S. Keil, R. Radick, J. Johnston, and M. Crown; to the technical team (not listed as authors), P. Anderson, M. Deeley, S. Figueroa, J. Hewitt, D. Hoyland, J. King, R. Fisher, and the late P. Thompson; and to the science teams including those not listed as authors, H. Bruntt, C. Fry, R. Gold, and J. Mozer. Thanks also to RSC, Bach Research, Spectrum Astro. Inc. (the spacecraft contractor), and the Air Force Space Test Program and the US Navy for mission support. Finally, we thank P. Klein, the Coriolis Project Manager and R. Sagalyn for garnering early support for the program. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. NR 145 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 180 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11214-013-9992-7 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264QP UT WOS:000327895500001 ER PT J AU Fruh, C Kelecy, TM Jah, MK AF Frueh, Carolin Kelecy, Thomas M. Jah, Moriba K. TI Coupled orbit-attitude dynamics of high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects: influence of solar radiation pressure, Earth's shadow and the visibility in light curves SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Artificial satellites and spacecrafts; Space debris; Shadow models; Visibility constraints ID SPACE DEBRIS; PENUMBRA TRANSITIONS; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; SATELLITES AB The orbital and attitude dynamics of uncontrolled Earth orbiting objects are perturbed by a variety of sources. In research, emphasis has been put on operational space vehicles. Operational satellites typically have a relatively compact shape, and hence, a low area-to-mass ratio (AMR), and are in most cases actively or passively attitude stabilized. This enables one to treat the orbit and attitude propagation as decoupled problems, and in many cases the attitude dynamics can be neglected completely. The situation is different for space debris objects, which are in an uncontrolled attitude state. Furthermore, the assumption that a steady-state attitude motion can be averaged over data reduction intervals may no longer be valid. Additionally, a subset of the debris objects have significantly high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) values, resulting in highly perturbed orbits, e.g. by solar radiation pressure, even if a stable AMR value is assumed. Note, this assumption implies a steady-state attitude such that the average cross-sectional area exposed to the sun is close to constant. Time-varying solar radiation pressure accelerations due to attitude variations will result in un-modeled errors in the state propagation. This work investigates the evolution of the coupled attitude and orbit motion of HAMR objects. Standardized pieces of multilayer insulation (MLI) are simulated in a near geosynchronous orbits. It is assumed that the objects are rigid bodies and are in uncontrolled attitude states. The integrated effects of the Earth gravitational field and solar radiation pressure on the attitude motion are investigated. The light curves that represent the observed brightness variations over time in a specific viewing direction are extracted. A sensor model is utilized to generate light curves with visibility constraints and magnitude uncertainties as observed by a standard ground based telescope. The photometric models will be needed when combining photometric and astrometric observations for estimation of orbit and attitude dynamics of non-resolved space objects. C1 [Frueh, Carolin] Univ New Mexico, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kelecy, Thomas M.] Boeing Co, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. RP Fruh, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM carolin.frueh@gmail.com OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 FU National Research Council FX The main author would like to thank Thomas Schildknecht for useful discussions. The work of the main author was supported by the National Research Council. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 117 IS 4 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10569-013-9516-5 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 257MY UT WOS:000327390000003 ER PT J AU Lucking, DJ Balster, EJ Hill, KL Scarpino, FA AF Lucking, David J. Balster, Eric J. Hill, Kerry L. Scarpino, Frank A. TI FPGA implementation of the JPEG2000 binary arithmetic (MQ) decoder SO JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE JPEG2000 binary arithmetic decoder; MQ decoder; FPGA AB A flexible FPGA implementation of the JPEG-2000 binary arithmetic decoder is presented in this paper. The proposed JPEG2000 binary arithmetic decoder reduces the amount of resources used on the FPGA allowing 19% more entropy block decoders to fit on chip and consequently increasing the throughput by 21% beyond previous designs. C1 [Lucking, David J.; Hill, Kerry L.; Scarpino, Frank A.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Balster, Eric J.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Balster, EJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM balsteej@notes.udayton.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-8200 EI 1861-8219 J9 J REAL-TIME IMAGE PR JI J. Real-Time Image Process. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s11554-011-0214-9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 258CR UT WOS:000327437200007 ER PT J AU Tuten, HC Glowacki, MN Hefley, C Reeves, WK AF Tuten, H. C. Glowacki, M. N. Hefley, C. Reeves, W. K. TI Presence of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. in cat fleas and brown dog ticks collected from dogs in American Samoa SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodidae; Pulicidae; Domestic dog; American Samoa; Rickettsia; Bartonella clarridgeiae ID SIPHONAPTERA-PULICIDAE; CLARRIDGEIAE; FELIS; IDENTIFICATION; HEALTH; ISLAND AB Surveys for ectoparasites of dogs on the American Samoa islands of Aunu'u and Tutuila were conducted in June 2012, and was followed by molecular screening of samples. One species of flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and one tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, were collected and tested for Bartonella and Rickettsia species via PCR. Bartonella clarridgeiae and an unnamed spotted fever group Rickettsia were detected in the fleas; the Rickettsia species was previously reported from Ctenocephalides spp. from Egypt, Thailand, USA, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. None of the ticks were positive for Bartonella or Rickettsia species. This is the first report of flea-borne Rickettsia and B. clarridgeiae, considered an emerging human pathogen in New Zealand, from American Samoa. Ectoparasite-borne infections are easily misdiagnosed or ignored as their symptoms are often vague and similar to other illnesses (e.g., measles, dengue). Our results indicate a potential threat to human and animal health as infected fleas were collected from household pets. (C) 2013 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuten, H. C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Agr Sci Ctr North S 225, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Glowacki, M. N.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hefley, C.] Vet Specialty Ctr, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 USA. [Reeves, W. K.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, PHR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tuten, HC (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, Natl Ctr Vector Entomol, Winterthurerstr 266A, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM htuten@gmail.com FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [44190] FX We would like to thank the dog owners for allowing us to sample fleas and ticks - samples were not used for commercial uses nor product research and development. We also thank representatives of the American Samoa Government for helping us understand the process of exporting samples. The Oglesbee lab at The Ohio State University provided equipment and space for some of the molecular investigations. A portion of this research was supported by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System. One author (HT) was in American Samoa for an unrelated project funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Award 44190, which supplied personal lodging and transportation but had no involvement in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Air Force, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This manuscript is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Case Number: 88ABW-2013-1230. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 EI 1876-7990 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 16 IS 4 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2013.06.005 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 252ZY UT WOS:000327052600020 ER PT J AU Sanders, DM Schuster, AL McCardle, PW Strey, OF Blankenship, TL Teel, PD AF Sanders, David M. Schuster, Anthony L. McCardle, P. Wesley Strey, Otto F. Blankenship, Terry L. Teel, Pete D. TI Ixodid ticks associated with feral swine in Texas SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ticks; Ixodidae; feral swine; pigs ID BOAR SUS-SCROFA; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-HISPANICUS; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; SOUTHERN TEXAS; WILD HOGS; ACARI; SPAIN; DEER; PREVALENCE AB Ixodid ticks were collected from feral swine in eight Texas ecoregions from 2008-2011. Sixty-two percent of 806 feral swine were infested with one or more of the following species: Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor albipictus, D. halli, D. variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis. Juvenile and adult feral swine of both sexes were found to serve as host to ixodid ticks. Longitudinal surveys of feral swine at four geographic locations show persistent year-round tick infestations of all gender-age classes for tick species common to their respective geographic locations and ecoregions. Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum and D. variabilis were collected from 66% of feral swine harvested through an abatement program in seven ecoregions from March to October in 2009. These results indicate westward geographic expansion of D. variabilis. Summary results show feral swine are competent hosts for ixodid species responsible for the transmission of pathogens and diminished well-being in livestock, wildlife, and humans. C1 [Sanders, David M.] USAFSAM, US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schuster, Anthony L.; McCardle, P. Wesley] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Strey, Otto F.; Teel, Pete D.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blankenship, Terry L.] Welder Wildlife Fdn, Sinton, TX 78387 USA. RP Teel, PD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pteel@tamu.edu FU Texas A&M AgriLife Research Project [TEX08911]; Department of Defense Education Program; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program; Air Force Research Laboratory; Welder Wildlife Foundation; Camp Bullis Military Reservation; Fort Hood Military Reservation; Texas Department of Corrections; Anderson Ranch LLC FX We gratefully acknowledge collaborations with the Welder Wildlife Foundation, Camp Bullis Military Reservation, Fort Hood Military Reservation, the Texas Department of Corrections and Anderson Ranch LLC for permitting and supporting the long-term studies. In particular, we are indebted to Mr. Lucas Cooksey, Mr. Kevin Cagle, Dr. Fred Anderson, and Major Michael Owen for their assistance. We are similarly indebted to Ms. Jeneane Romaines and her staff of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Wildlife Services, feral hog abatement program for samples collected on a state-wide scale. This project was supported in parts by Texas A&M AgriLife Research Project TEX08911, the Department of Defense Education Program, Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. The conclusions and opinions expressed by the authors in this manuscript do not reflect the opinions of the US Army, US Air Force, or the Department of Defense. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 38 IS 2 BP 361 EP 373 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251JC UT WOS:000326923500022 PM 24581367 ER PT J AU Matougui, N Piot, D Fares, ML Montheillet, F Semiatin, SL AF Matougui, N. Piot, D. Fares, M. L. Montheillet, F. Semiatin, S. L. TI Influence of niobium solutes on the mechanical behavior of nickel during hot working SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Mechanical characterization; Nickel based superalloys; Thermomechanical processing; Dynamic recrystallization ID DISCONTINUOUS DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MOTION; ALLOYS; INCONEL-718; CREEP; MODEL; DRAG AB An experimental program was performed to determine the rheology and influence of niobium additions to high-purity nickel on dynamic-recrystallization behavior during hot working. Various high-purity alloys were prepared (pure Ni and Ni-0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt% Nb) and deformed to high strains by hot torsion to characterize the mechanical behavior within the temperature range from 800 to 1000 degrees C at (von Mises equivalent) strain rates of 0.03, 0.1 and 03 s(-1). A simple analytical method was proposed for predicting the strain-hardening and dynamic-recovery parameters in the classical Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas equation. By the means, the effect of niobium solutes on plastic flow was determined, thus enabling a reasonable fit for the flow curves for the entire range of solid solution Ni-Nb alloys. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Matougui, N.; Piot, D.; Montheillet, F.] Ecole Natl Super Mines, Lab Georges Friedel UMR CNRS 5307, Ctr Mat Sci & Mech Engn SMS Ctr, RMT Dept, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. [Matougui, N.; Fares, M. L.] Badji Mokhtar Annaba Univ, Mech Mat & Plant Maintenance Res Lab LR3MI, Annaba 23000, Algeria. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Piot, D (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Mines, Lab Georges Friedel UMR CNRS 5307, Ctr Mat Sci & Mech Engn SMS Ctr, RMT Dept, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. EM NedjouaMAATOUGUI@yahoo.fr; piot@emse.fr; FARES.Lamine@Univ-Annaba.org; Frank.MONTHEILLET@Mines-StEtienne.fr; Lee.SEMIATIN@WPAFB.AF.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI fares, lamine/0000-0001-9649-0224 FU CNRS/DPGRF Cooperation Program [SPI 21388]; PNE Program from the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS); European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) [FA8655-03-M-4061, FA8655-06-M-4001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported financially by the CNRS/DPGRF Cooperation Program, Project no. SPI 21388, PNE Program from the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) and the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) under Contract nos. FA8655-03-M-4061 and FA8655-06-M-4001. The support and encouragement of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) is greatly appreciated. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 586 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.079 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 251BW UT WOS:000326903800046 ER PT J AU Lovingood, DD Owens, JR Seeber, M Kornev, KG Luzinov, I AF Lovingood, Derek D. Owens, Jeffrey R. Seeber, Michael Kornev, Konstantin G. Luzinov, Igor TI Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Chemistry; Issue 82; Chemistry; chemical manufacturing; chemistry (general); materials (general); nanocomposites; catalysts (chemical); chemistry of compounds; Chemistry and Materials (General); Composite Materials; Inorganic; Organic and Physical Chemistry; Engineering (General); Microwave; nanoparticle; silica; silicic acid; NP; SiO2; synthesis AB Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle diameters ranging from 30-250 nm by varying the reaction conditions. Through the selection of a microwave compatible solvent, silicic acid precursor, catalyst, and microwave irradiation time, these microwave-assisted methods were capable of overcoming the previously reported shortcomings associated with synthesis of silica nanoparticles using microwave reactors. The siloxane precursor was hydrolyzed using the acid catalyst, HCl. Acetone, a low-tan delta solvent, mediates the condensation reactions and has minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field. Condensation reactions begin when the silicic acid precursor couples with the microwave radiation, leading to silica nanoparticle sol formation. The silica nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering data and scanning electron microscopy, which show the materials' morphology and size to be dependent on the reaction conditions. Microwave-assisted reactions produce silica nanoparticles with roughened textured surfaces that are atypical for silica sols produced by Stober's methods, which have smooth surfaces. C1 [Lovingood, Derek D.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Owens, Jeffrey R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Seeber, Michael; Kornev, Konstantin G.; Luzinov, Igor] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Lovingood, DD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM derek.lovingood.ctr@us.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Physical Science and Technology Division, Protection and Hazard Mitigation technical area; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) between the U.S. Department of Energy; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) FX Funding was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Physical Science and Technology Division, Protection and Hazard Mitigation technical area. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD DEC PY 2013 IS 82 AR UNSP e51022 DI 10.3791/51022 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36RR UT WOS:000209229000060 PM 24379052 ER PT J AU Schmidt, J Ganguly, B AF Schmidt, Jacob Ganguly, Biswa TI Effect of pulsed, sub-breakdown applied electric field on propane/air flame through simultaneous OH/acetone PLIF SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Hydrocarbon combustion; Premixed laminar flame; Laser diagnostics; Electric field ID PREMIXED FLAMES; COMBUSTION; GRAVITY; COFLOW; SPEED; FLOWS AB The effects of chemi-ion current induced flow perturbations in a premixed, laminar propane/air flame at atmospheric pressure have been measured with 30 ms-wide applied pulsed voltages. Single-shot OH and acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images have been collected to measure the spatio-temporal structural changes to a laminar flame with incoming flow speed of 2 m/s in response to positive polarity voltage pulses of 2.8 kV over a 20 mm electrode gap. OH and acetone PLIF are specifically chosen to measure reaction zone modification as the flame undergoes large-scale, stochastic changes. These large-scale changes of flame structure are observed after the flame becomes fully crushed and unstable behavior occurs lasting until the end of the applied voltage pulse. The experimental results of combined OH and acetone PLIF presented in this paper show a significant widening of the reaction zone observed during this unstable behavior. This widening of the reaction zone is indicative of a flame brush normally observed in turbulent flames, demonstrating the ability of the sub-breakdown applied voltage to cause a laminar flame to a transitioning-to-turbulent behavior. (C) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Jacob] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, J (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM jschmidt@spectralenergies.com OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No: FA8650-10-C-2008. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2013 VL 160 IS 12 BP 2820 EP 2826 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.031 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 239YK UT WOS:000326061700016 ER PT J AU Wang, T Zhu, ZG Taylor, CN AF Wang, Tao Zhu, Zhigang Taylor, Clark N. TI A multimodal temporal panorama approach for moving vehicle detection, reconstruction and classification SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article DE Laser-Doppler vibrometry; Multimodal; Panoramic imaging; Audio-visual integration ID VIDEO; RECOGNITION; SYSTEM AB Moving vehicle detection and classification using multimodal data is a challenging task in data collection, audio-visual alignment, data labeling and feature selection under uncontrolled environments with occlusions, motion blurs, varying image resolutions and perspective distortions. In this work, we propose an effective multimodal temporal panorama approach for moving vehicle detection and classification using a novel long-range audio-visual sensing system. A new audio-visual vehicle (AVV) dataset is created, which features automatic vehicle detection and audio-visual alignment, accurate vehicle extraction and reconstruction, and efficient data labeling. In particular, vehicles' visual images are reconstructed once detected in order to remove most of the occlusions, motion blurs, and variations of perspective views. Multimodal audio-visual features are extracted, including global geometric features (aspect ratios, profiles), local structure features (HOGS), as well various audio features (MFCCs, etc.). Using radial-based SVMs, the effectiveness of the integration of these multimodal features is thoroughly and systematically studied. The concept of MTP may not be only limited to visual, motion and audio modalities; it could also be applicable to other sensing modalities that can obtain data in the temporal domain. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Tao] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Zhu, Zhigang] CUNY, City Coll, Grad Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Comp Sci, Convent Ave,138th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM twang@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; zhu@cs.ccny.cuny.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-08-1-0199]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program (SFFP); National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance (NCIIA) under an E-TEAM Grant [6629-09]; PSC-CUNY Research Award; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EFRI-1137172, CNS-0551598]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-08-1-0531] FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Award #FA9550-08-1-0199 and the 2011 Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program (SFFP), by the National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance (NCIIA) under an E-TEAM Grant (No. 6629-09), and by a PSC-CUNY Research Award. The work is also partially supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award #EFRI-1137172 and Award #CNS-0551598, and Army Research Office (ARO) under Award #W911NF-08-1-0531. We thank Dr. Kevin L. Priddy for his advising during our summer research at the Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB. This paper cleared through public release by 88 ABW/PA on 28-09-2012 as Document Number 88ABW-2012-5174. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 EI 1090-235X J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 117 IS 12 BP 1724 EP 1735 DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2013.02.011 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 240ZQ UT WOS:000326136600008 ER PT J AU Shyam, A Jha, SK Caton, MJ AF Shyam, Amit Jha, Sushant K. Caton, Michael J. TI Preface to special issue on fatigue and microstructure Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shyam, Amit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Caton, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH USA. RP Shyam, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.06.008 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243LE UT WOS:000326317100001 ER PT J AU Przybyla, CP Musinski, WD Castelluccio, GM McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, Craig P. Musinski, William D. Castelluccio, Gustavo M. McDowell, David L. TI Microstructure-sensitive HCF and VHCF simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatique and Microstructure - a Symposium on Recent Advances held in Conjunction with the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT, 2011 CL Columbus, OH DE High cycle fatigue; Fatigue indicator parameters; Extreme value; Microstructurally small cracks; Modeling and simulation ID FATIGUE-CRACK INITIATION; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENT; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; SMALL SURFACE CRACKS; PLASTICITY FE MODEL; COLD-DWELL FATIGUE AB This paper provides some background and historical review of how microstructure-sensitive finite element simulations can play a role in understanding the effects of stress amplitude, R-ratio, and microstructure on fatigue crack formation and early growth at notches, including pores and non-metallic inclusions for Ti alloys and Ni-base superalloys. The simulations employ fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) computed over finite volumes that relate to processes of fatigue crack formation and early growth at the scale of individual grains. It is argued that both coarse scale (uncracked, mesoscale) and fine scale FlPs (computed in the vicinity of cracks in single grains or crystals) serve as a driving force for crystallographic fatigue crack growth, and correlate directly with the cyclic crack tip displacement (CTD). Furthermore, variability in high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) responses is computationally assessed using multiple statistical volume elements and the distribution of FlPs of extreme value character. The concepts of marked correlation functions and weighted probability density functions are reviewed as a means to quantify the role of multiple microstructure attributes that couple to enhance the extreme value FIPs in the HCF regime. An algorithm for estimation of the cumulative probability distribution of cycles for crack formation and growth from notches in HCF and VHCF is also described. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Musinski, William D.; Castelluccio, Gustavo M.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Przybyla, Craig P.; Musinski, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu NR 161 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 SI SI BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.09.014 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243LE UT WOS:000326317100003 ER PT J AU Larsen, JM Jha, SK Szczepanski, CJ Caton, MJ John, R Rosenberger, AH Buchanan, DJ Golden, PJ Jira, JR AF Larsen, J. M. Jha, S. K. Szczepanski, C. J. Caton, M. J. John, R. Rosenberger, A. H. Buchanan, D. J. Golden, P. J. Jira, J. R. TI Reducing uncertainty in fatigue life limits of turbine engine alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatique and Microstructure - a Symposium on Recent Advances held in Conjunction with the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT, 2011 CL Columbus, OH DE Damage tolerance; Fatigue design; Gas turbines; Microstructures; Probabilistic analysis ID COMPETING FAILURE MODES; POISSON DEFECT STATISTICS; SMALL SURFACE CRACKS; BETA-TITANIUM ALLOY; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; CYCLE FATIGUE; ASPECT RATIO; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB In probabilistic design of materials for fracture-critical components in modern military turbine engines, a typical maximum design target risk (DTR) is 5 x 10(-8) component failures/engine flight hour. This metric underscores the essential role of safety in a design process that simultaneously strives to achieve performance, efficiency, reliability, and affordability throughout the life cycle of the engine. Traditionally, the design and life management approaches for engine materials have typically relied on extensive testing programs to produce large databases of fatigue data, from which statistically based life limits are derived by extrapolation from the mean fatigue behavior. However, we have found that the statistical behavior of fatigue lifetimes under a given test condition often exhibits a bimodal form, and that the trends in mean vs. minimum fatigue lifetime typically respond differently to loading or to microstructural variables. Under such circumstances, the underlying life-limiting mechanisms appear to exhibit a probabilistic microstructural hierarchy in fatigue resistance that is controlled by susceptibility of local microstructural neighborhoods to early damage and the growth of small cracks. These findings suggest that significant opportunities may exist for reductions in uncertainty in materials life-cycle prediction and management, if such hierarchies can be understood and controlled. This paper explores the potential implications of these findings, and a number of possible approaches are suggested for incorporating the insights of life-limiting fatigue into methods of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) to support optimized life-cycle design of materials and components in turbine engines. Benefits of this approach appear to include substantial improvements in model accuracy, coupled with reduced requirements for materials testing, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the time and cost to develop, validate, transition, and implement new, more fatigue resistant alloys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Larsen, J. M.; Szczepanski, C. J.; Caton, M. J.; John, R.; Rosenberger, A. H.; Golden, P. J.; Jira, J. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Buchanan, D. J.] UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Larsen, JM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.larsen@wpafb.af.mil NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.01.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243LE UT WOS:000326317100012 ER PT J AU Szczepanski, CJ Jha, SK Shade, PA Wheeler, R Larsen, JM AF Szczepanski, C. J. Jha, S. K. Shade, P. A. Wheeler, R. Larsen, J. M. TI Demonstration of an in situ microscale fatigue testing technique on a titanium alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatique and Microstructure - a Symposium on Recent Advances held in Conjunction with the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT, 2011 CL Columbus, OH DE Titanium alloys; Fatigue test; Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); Microscale mechanical testing ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER WIRES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; CRACK-INITIATION; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; SLIP; PLASTICITY; TI-6AL-4V AB Under high cycle and very high cycle fatigue (HCF and VHCF) conditions, scatter in fatigue lifetimes is substantial; often 2-3 orders of magnitude. Characterization of fatigue crack initiation sites in laboratory scale fatigue specimens has led to the identification of characteristic initiation sites and microstructural arrangements. Despite these observations, in some cases, it is still unclear how apparently similar initiation sites exhibit such different total fatigue lifetimes. Differences in crack-initiation mechanisms can be further revealed if specific microstructural arrangements are isolated within a micro-specimen. Towards this end, an in situ microscale tension testing technique was adapted to enable microscale fatigue testing on tensile dog-bone specimens. Microscale tensile fatigue specimens with approximate gage diameters of 20 gm were prepared with a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope. Initial tensile experiments were conducted to characterize the mechanical behavior of microscale specimens for this microstructure. The microscale tensile specimens were observed to exhibit reduced yield and flow stresses in comparison to bulk tensile specimens. However, in this feasibility demonstration of in situ microscale fatigue testing, microscale specimens exhibit enhanced fatigue properties relative to conventional specimens, which may result from the differences in strain rate and, potentially, the method of test control (load vs. displacement) between these two testing methods. Both tensile and fatigue specimens have been characterized with electron backscatter diffraction to identify the neighborhood and the specific slip systems that were activated under local deformation conditions within the microstructure. Both basal and prism slip were observed, although prism slip was more prevalent. Results of the tension and fatigue experiments are discussed in the context of the growing body of literature on microscale testing, and avenues for future work are highlighted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szczepanski, C. J.; Shade, P. A.; Larsen, J. M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wheeler, R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Szczepanski, CJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.szczepanski@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 SI SI BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.08.008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243LE UT WOS:000326317100015 ER PT J AU Kothari, M Sharma, R Postlethwaite, I Beard, RW Pack, D AF Kothari, Mangal Sharma, Rajnikant Postlethwaite, Ian Beard, Randal W. Pack, Daniel TI Cooperative Target-capturing with Incomplete Target Information SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Formation control; Sliding mode control; Consensus ID NONHOLONOMIC MOBILE ROBOTS; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; SURVEILLANCE; CONSTRAINTS; CONSENSUS; UAVS AB This paper presents a distributed target-centric formation control strategy for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of target motion uncertainty. The formation is maintained around a target using a combination of a consensus protocol and a sliding mode control law. Consensus helps in distributing the target information which is available only to a subset of vehicles. Sliding mode control compensates for the uncertainty in the target information. Hence, collectively the combined strategy enforces each of the vehicles to maintain its respective position in the formation. We show that if at least one vehicle in a group has target information with some uncertainty and the corresponding communication graph is connected, then a target-centric formation can be maintained. The performance of the proposed strategy is illustrated through simulations. C1 [Kothari, Mangal] Northumbria Univ, Sch Comp Engn & Informat Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Sharma, Rajnikant] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Postlethwaite, Ian] Northumbria Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Beard, Randal W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Pack, Daniel] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mangaljain@gmail.com; rajnikant.sharma.in.ctr@usafa.edu; ian.postlethwaite@northumbria.ac.uk; beard@byu.edu; daniel.pack@utsa.edu RI Sharma, Rajnikant/J-3004-2014 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10846-012-9808-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 241TZ UT WOS:000326192300007 ER PT J AU Sharma, R Quebe, S Beard, RW Taylor, CN AF Sharma, Rajnikant Quebe, Stephen Beard, Randal W. Taylor, Clark N. TI Bearing-only Cooperative Localization SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative localization; Estimation theory; Relative position measurement graph; Nonlinear observability ID MULTIROBOT LOCALIZATION; MOBILE ROBOTS AB In cooperative localization a group of robots exchange relative position measurements from their exteroceptive sensors and their motion information from interoceptive sensors to collectively estimate their position and heading. For the localization errors to be bounded, it is required that the system be observable, independent of the estimation technique being used. In this paper, we develop a test-bed of three ground robots, which are equipped with wheel encoders and omnidirectional cameras, to implement the bearing-only cooperative localization. The simulation and experimental results validate the observability conditions, derived in Sharma et al. (IEEE Trans Robot 28:2, 2011), for the complete observability of the bearing-only cooperative localization problem. C1 [Sharma, Rajnikant] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Quebe, Stephen; Beard, Randal W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rajnikant.sharma.in.ctr@usafa.edu; squebe@gmail.com; beard@byu.edu; clark.taylor@wpafb.af.mil RI Sharma, Rajnikant/J-3004-2014 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s10846-012-9809-z PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 241TZ UT WOS:000326192300010 ER PT J AU Thompson, GJ Magnuson, ME Merritt, MD Schwarb, H Pan, WJ McKinley, A Tripp, LD Schumacher, EH Keilholz, SD AF Thompson, Garth John Magnuson, Matthew Evan Merritt, Michael Donelyn Schwarb, Hillary Pan, Wen-Ju McKinley, Andrew Tripp, Lloyd D. Schumacher, Eric H. Keilholz, Shella Dawn TI Short-Time Windows of Correlation Between Large-Scale Functional Brain Networks Predict Vigilance Intraindividually and Interindividually SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE functional connectivity; default mode; task positive; large scale cerebral networks; psychomotor vigilance task; pvt; spontaneous fluctuations; resting state; windowed correlation; performance prediction ID RESTING STATE NETWORKS; DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE; INTRINSIC CONNECTIVITY; ACTIVITY FLUCTUATIONS; MEMORY PERFORMANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; RESPONSE-TIME; VISUAL-CORTEX AB A better understanding of how behavioral performance emerges from interacting brain systems may come from analysis of functional networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies comparing such networks with human behavior have begun to identify these relationships, but few have used a time scale small enough to relate their findings to variation within a single individual's behavior. In the present experiment we examined the relationship between a psychomotor vigilance task and the interacting default mode and task positive networks. Two time-localized comparative metrics were calculated: difference between the two networks' signals at various time points around each instance of the stimulus (peristimulus times) and correlation within a 12.3-s window centered at each peristimulus time. Correlation between networks was also calculated within entire resting-state functional imaging runs from the same individuals. These metrics were compared with response speed on both an intraindividual and an interindividual basis. In most cases, a greater difference or more anticorrelation between networks was significantly related to faster performance. While interindividual analysis showed this result generally, using intraindividual analysis it was isolated to peristimulus times 4 to 8 s before the detected target. Within that peristimulus time span, the effect was stronger for individuals who tended to have faster response times. These results suggest that the relationship between functional networks and behavior can be better understood by using shorter time windows and also by considering both intraindividual and interindividual variability. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3280-3298, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Thompson, Garth John; Magnuson, Matthew Evan; Merritt, Michael Donelyn; Pan, Wen-Ju; Keilholz, Shella Dawn] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Thompson, Garth John; Magnuson, Matthew Evan; Merritt, Michael Donelyn; Pan, Wen-Ju; Keilholz, Shella Dawn] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schwarb, Hillary; Schumacher, Eric H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McKinley, Andrew; Tripp, Lloyd D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Keilholz, SD (reprint author), Emory Univ, 101 Woodruff Circle WMB 2001, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM shella.keilholz@bme.gatech.edu FU Bio-nano-enabled Inorganic/Organic Nanostructures and Improved Cognition (BIONIC) Air Force Center of Excellence at the Georgia Institute of Technology FX Contract grant sponsor: Bio-nano-enabled Inorganic/Organic Nanostructures and Improved Cognition (BIONIC) Air Force Center of Excellence at the Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1065-9471 EI 1097-0193 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3280 EP 3298 DI 10.1002/hbm.22140 PG 19 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 240BC UT WOS:000326068700013 PM 22736565 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Riley, JK Fillery, SP Durstock, MF Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Riley, John K. Fillery, Scott P. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis and Characterization of Unsymmetrical Benzonitrile-Containing Polyimides: Viscosity-Lowering Effect and Dielectric Properties SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzonitrile; dielectric properties; polyimides; transetherification; unsymmetrical diamine; viscosity ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLYIMIDES; SOLUBLE POLYIMIDES; NITRILE GROUPS; CYANO GROUPS; FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES; AROMATIC DIANHYDRIDES; POLY(ETHER IMIDE)S; MOLECULAR DESIGN; PENDENT GROUP; DIAMINE AB A new unsymmetrical diamine, 2-(3-aminophenoxy)-6-(4-aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,4-APBN), is synthesized via two consecutive SNAr reactions and the temperature-dependent reactivity of the fluorides in 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, whose first SNAr reaction occurs at 70 degrees C and second, at 100 degrees C, allowing timing control of reaction sequence and circumventing the transetherification side reaction. Thus, a series of polyimides (PIs) is prepared from the polymerization of 3,4-APBN with five common dianhydrides (6FDA, DSDA, OPDA, BTDA, and PMDA). For comparison, a second series is also prepared from two symmetrical diamines ([2,6-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,3-APBN) and 2,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (4,4-APBN)] and 6FDA or PMDA. The processability of the poly(amic acids) (PAAs), for the first series is greatly improved since their solution viscosities are much lower than PAAs based on symmetrical diamines. Besides having high glass-transition temperatures (249-332 degrees C), and thermal stability [5% weight loss in the range of 505-542 degrees C (air) and 512-546 degrees C (nitrogen)], these PIs form tough, transparent and flexible films that have a tensile-strength range of 82.1-121.3 MPa, elongations-at-break of 5.33-9.81%, and tensile moduli of 2.11-2.97 GPa. Their film dielectric constants are 3.08-3.62 at 10 kHz, moderately higher than that (2.92) of analogous PI (CP2) without nitrile groups. Overall, we found that the reduction of structural symmetry in repeat units can improve the polymer processibility as well as increasing their dielectric constants. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4998-5011 C1 [Wang, David H.; Riley, John K.; Fillery, Scott P.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Riley, John K.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Fillery, Scott P.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon.tan@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Riley, John/0000-0001-6132-0751 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are grateful to Marlene Houtz (University of Dayton Research Institute) for TGA and DMA data, Brian Kurish (UES, Inc.) for the assistance of monomer synthesis and Robert Strong and Hilmar Koerner (UES, Inc.) for WAXD measurements. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 23 BP 4998 EP 5011 DI 10.1002/pola.26927 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 239JG UT WOS:000326018200007 ER PT J AU Gowayed, Y Ojard, G Prevost, E Santhosh, U Jefferson, G AF Gowayed, Y. Ojard, G. Prevost, E. Santhosh, U. Jefferson, G. TI Defects in ceramic matrix composites and their impact on elastic properties SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites; Elasticity; Analytical modeling; Mechanical testing ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; THERMAL TRANSPORT; CMC LAMINATE; MODEL; INCLUSIONS; POROSITY; PREDICT; FIBER AB Defects created during the manufacture of an oxide/oxide and two non-oxide (SiC/SiNC and MI SiC/SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were categorized as follows: (1) Intra-yarn defects such as dry fibers, (2) Inter-yarn defects such as those at crossover points, matrix voids, shrinkage cracks and interlaminar separation, and (3) Architectural defects such as layer misalignment. Their impact on elastic properties was analytically investigated using a stiffness averaging approach considering the defects to have volumetric and directional influences. In-plane tensile and shear moduli as well as the through-thickness compressive modulus were experimentally evaluated. Results of analytical model were around 7% on average from the mean value of the experimental data. It was observed that interlaminar separation drastically reduced the through-thickness modulus by about 63% for the SiC/SiNC, 40% for the MI SiC/SiC and around 32% for the oxide/oxide composites. Shrinkage cracks in oxide/oxide composite reduced the in-plane tensile and shear moduli by 14% and 8.8%, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jefferson, G.] RXLN, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ojard, G.; Prevost, E.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Santhosh, U.] Struct Analyt Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Gowayed, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gowayya@auburn.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA [FA8650-11-M-5130] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA supported this effort under contract FA8650-11-M-5130. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 55 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.06.026 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 229XT UT WOS:000325301900020 ER PT J AU Feng, YH Harper, WF AF Feng, Yinghua Harper, Willie F., Jr. TI Biosensing with microbial fuel cells and artificial neural networks: Laboratory and field investigations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cells; Biosensing; Neural network algorithms; Methanogenesis; Water quality; Inoculation ID BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN-DEMAND; SENSOR; METHANOGENESIS; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERS; BACTERIA AB In this study microbial fuel cell-based biosensing was integrated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) in laboratory and field testing of water samples. Inoculation revealed two types of anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) induction profiles, a relatively slow gradual profile and a faster profile that was preceded by a significant lag time. During laboratory testing, the MFCs generated well-organized normally distributed profiles but during field experiments the peaks had irregular shapes and were smaller in magnitude. Generally, the COD concentration correlated better with peak area than with peak height. The ANN predicted the COD concentration (R-2 = 0.99) with one layer of hidden neurons and for concentrations as low as 5 mg acetate-COD/L. Adding 50 mM of 2-bromoethanesulfonate amplified the electrical signals when glucose was the substrate. This report is the first to identify two types of ARB induction profiles and to demonstrate the power of ANNs for interpreting a wide variety of electrical response peaks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Yinghua] Univ Pittsburgh, Swanson Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Harper, Willie F., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harper, WF (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM willie.harper@afit.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4200029] FX Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant No. NA09NOS4200029). The authors thank Frank Lopez and Dr. David Klarer (Old Woman Creek National Estuary Research Reserve, Huron, OH) for technical and logistical assistance. We also thank Wenjing (Lisa) Cheng (Ph.D. student, University of Pittsburgh), Bo Niu (M.S. student, University of Pittsburgh), and Christine Currie (Undergraduate student, Columbia University, New York, NY) for experimental assistance. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force Institute of Technology, United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or United States government. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 30 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.011 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DP UT WOS:000328869600042 PM 24121551 ER PT J AU Abadi, PPSS Maschmann, MR Baur, JW Graham, S Cola, BA AF Abadi, Parisa Pour Shahid Saeed Maschmann, Matthew R. Baur, Jeffery W. Graham, Samuel Cola, Baratunde A. TI Deformation response of conformally coated carbon nanotube forests SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-LAYER DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; IN-SITU; ARRAYS; COATINGS; NANORODS; BUNDLES; ALUMINA AB The deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests conformally coated with alumina using atomic layer deposition (ALD) are investigated using in situ and ex situ micro-indentation. While micro-indentation of a CNT forest coated with a thin discontinuous layer using 20 ALD cycles results in a deformation response similar to the response of uncoated CNT forests, a similar test on a CNT forest coated with a sufficiently thick and continuous layer using 100 ALD cycles causes fracture of both the alumina coatings and the core CNTs. With a 10 nm coating, 4-fold and 14-fold stiffness increases are measured using a flat punch and a Berkovich tip, respectively. Indentation testing with the Berkovich tip also reveals increased recoverability at relatively low strains. The results show that ALD coated CNT forests could be useful for applications that require higher stiffness or recoverability. Also, fracturing of the nanotubes shows that upper limits exist in the loading of conformally coated CNT forests. C1 [Abadi, Parisa Pour Shahid Saeed; Graham, Samuel; Cola, Baratunde A.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Baur, Jeffery W.] AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Graham, Samuel; Cola, Baratunde A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Abadi, PPSS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sgraham@gatech.edu; cola@gatech.edu OI Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU DARPA; Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, Pacific [N66001-09-C-2013]; GTRIC FX This work was partially supported by DARPA and the Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, Pacific under Contract No. N66001-09-C-2013. We thank Drs Virendra Singh and Anuradha Bulusu for their assistance. PPSSA acknowledges financial support from GTRIC. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 29 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 47 AR 475707 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475707 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 249YI UT WOS:000326816600021 PM 24192522 ER PT J AU Cooper, R Zolot, AM Boatz, JA Sporleder, DP Stearns, JA AF Cooper, Russell Zolot, Alexander M. Boatz, Jerry A. Sporleder, David P. Stearns, Jaime A. TI IR and UV Spectroscopy of Vapor-Phase Jet-Cooled Ionic Liquid [emim](+)[Tf2N](-): Ion Pair Structure and Photodissociation Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ISOLATION FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CATION-ANION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE; CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERIZATION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY; IONIZATION AB Small gas-phase clusters (ion pairs) of the ionic liquid [emim](+)[Tf2N](-) have been generated in a supersonic expansion. Clusters are investigated via UV photofragmentation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Spectra between 42 000 and 45 000 cm(-1) reveal dynamical branching between direct dissociation of the ion pair to the cation and anion and to radical species. The IR spectrum between 2800 and 3200 cm(-1) was measured by action spectroscopy. Multiple conformations of the ion pair are found to be present in the molecular beam, leading to broad spectral features, further complicated by hydrogen bonding and Fermi resonances. The measured and theoretical spectra compare well, and the jet-cooled ion pair structures present in the molecular beam are strongly hydrogen bonded "stacked" conformers. C1 [Cooper, Russell; Zolot, Alexander M.; Sporleder, David P.; Stearns, Jaime A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. [Zolot, Alexander M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Stearns, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX Funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Molecular Dynamics Program. R.C. and D.P.S. acknowledge support from a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Steven Chambreau for many useful discussions. We thank Samuel Collopy, Radley Serafico, and Erwin Beroncal for assisting with work related to this paper. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Army Research Laboratory, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, and Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers (DSRCs). NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 28 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 47 BP 12419 EP 12428 DI 10.1021/jp409670n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 263MN UT WOS:000327812800022 PM 24175625 ER PT J AU Shankar, MR Smith, ML Tondiglia, VP Lee, KM McConney, ME Wang, DH Tan, LS White, TJ AF Shankar, M. Ravi Smith, Matthew L. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lee, Kyung Min McConney, Michael E. Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. TI Contactless, photoinitiated snap-through in azobenzene-functionalized polymers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE photochemistry; elastic instability ID NETWORKS; ISOMERIZATION; ELASTOMERS; DEVICES AB Photomechanical effects in polymeric materials and composites transduce light into mechanical work. The ability to control the intensity, polarization, placement, and duration of light irradiation is a distinctive and potentially useful tool to tailor the location, magnitude, and directionality of photogenerated mechanical work. Unfortunately, the work generated from photoresponsive materials is often slow and yields very small power densities, which diminish their potential use in applications. Here, we investigate photoinitiated snap-through in bistable arches formed from samples composed of azobenzene-functionalized polymers (both amorphous polyimides and liquid crystal polymer networks) and report ordersof- magnitude enhancement in actuation rates (approaching 10(2)mm/ s) and powers (as much as 1 kW/m3). The contactless, ultra-fast actuation is observed at irradiation intensities << 100 mW/cm(2). Due to the bistability and symmetry of the snap-through, reversible and bidirectional actuation is demonstrated. A model is developed to elucidate the underlying mechanics of the snap-through, specifically focusing on isolating the role of sample geometry, mechanical properties of the materials, and photomechanical strain. Using light to trigger contactless, ultrafast actuation in an otherwise passive structure is a potentially versatile tool to use in mechanical design at the micro-, meso-, and millimeter scales as actuators, as well as switches that can be triggered from large standoff distances, impulse generators for microvehicles, microfluidic valves and mixers in laboratory-on-chip devices, and adaptive optical elements. C1 [Shankar, M. Ravi] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Smith, Matthew L.] Hope Coll, Dept Engn, Holland, MI 49423 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.; Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shankar, MR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM ravishm@pitt.edu; timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Shankar, M. Ravi/0000-0001-9608-6627 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); Summer Faculty Fellowship Program in addition to National Science Foundation [1030265]; AFRL/RX and AFOSR FX This work was completed at the Air Force Research Laboratory in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX). M. R. S. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program in addition to National Science Foundation Grant 1030265. V.P.T., K.M.L., M.E.M.,D.H.W.,L.-S.T., and T.J.W. acknowledge financial support from AFRL/RX and AFOSR. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 47 BP 18792 EP 18797 DI 10.1073/pnas.1313195110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253PD UT WOS:000327100600034 PM 24190994 ER PT J AU Hanchak, MS Vangsness, MD Byrd, LW Ervin, JS Jones, JG AF Hanchak, M. S. Vangsness, M. D. Byrd, L. W. Ervin, J. S. Jones, J. G. TI Profile measurements of thin liquid films using reflectometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED MENISCUS; EVAPORATION; TRANSPORT AB Microscope-based reflectometry was used to measure the thickness profile of thin films of n-octane on silicon wafer substrates. Coupled with micro-positioning motorized stages and custom software, two-dimensional profiles of the film thickness from the adsorbed film (similar to 10 nm) to the intrinsic meniscus (similar to 1000nm) were automatically and repeatedly measured. The reflectometer aperture was modified to provide better spatial resolution in areas of high curvature, the transition region, where evaporative flux is at a maximum. This technique will provide data for the validation of both existing and future models of thin film evaporation. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hanchak, M. S.; Vangsness, M. D.; Ervin, J. S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, L. W.; Jones, J. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanchak, MS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM michael.hanchak@udri.udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002AR5P] FX This material was based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 3002AR5P. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. Finally, we would like to thank Victor Tsao (UDRI) for his technical support. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 21 AR 211607 DI 10.1063/1.4833855 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 260JF UT WOS:000327590400027 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Aronow, AJ AF Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Haugan, Heather J. Brown, Gail J. Aronow, Andrew J. TI Strain analysis of compositionally tailored interfaces in InAs/GaSb superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LASERS; HRTEM AB The effect of interface composition control on interfacial strain distribution in InAs/GaSb superlattices on (100)-GaSb substrates is investigated by atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The interface composition was controlled by either depositing InSb at each interface or soaking the GaSb-on-InAs interface under Sb-2 atmosphere. The strain profiles reveal a distinct difference in the extent to which the superlattice strain is balanced using the two methods. In particular, they indicate that the degree of strain balance achievable with soaking is inherently limited by the arsenic surface coverage during GaSb-on-InAs interface formation, emphasizing the influence of V/III flux ratio at this interface. The results also explain observed X-ray diffraction profiles. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Haugan, Heather J.; Brown, Gail J.; Aronow, Andrew J.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB [FA8650-08-D-5200]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This research was sponsored by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, under Air Force contract (No. FA8650-08-D-5200). The HAADF-STEM experiments performed at NCEM, Berkeley, CA was partly supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 21 AR 211605 DI 10.1063/1.4833536 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 260JF UT WOS:000327590400025 ER PT J AU Yizengaw, E Retterer, J Pacheco, EE Roddy, P Groves, K Caton, R Baki, P AF Yizengaw, E. Retterer, J. Pacheco, E. E. Roddy, P. Groves, K. Caton, R. Baki, P. TI Postmidnight bubbles and scintillations in the quiet-time June solstice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE postmidnight; equatorial bubbles; equatorial scintillation ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; SPORADIC-E; E-REGION; IONOSPHERE; DRIFTS; RADAR AB While the mechanism for producing plasma irregularities in the dusk sector is believed to be fairly well understood, the cause of the formation of irregularities and bubbles during the postmidnight sector is still unknown, especially for magnetically quiet periods. This paper presents a case study of the strong postmidnight bubbles that often occur during magnetically quiet periods primarily in June solstice, along with a 4 year (2009-2012) statistical study that shows strong occurrence peak during June solstice predominantly in the African sector. We also confirm, for the first time, the presence of Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability during postmidnight hours by using the physics-based model for plasma densities and RT growth rates. Finally, we consider several possible sources of the eastward electric fields that permit the RT instability to develop and form bubbles in the postmidnight local time sector. C1 [Yizengaw, E.; Retterer, J.; Pacheco, E. E.; Groves, K.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Roddy, P.; Caton, R.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baki, P.] Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Tech & Appl Phys, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Yizengaw, E (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM endawoke.kassie@bc.edu RI Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 FU NASA LWS [NNX10AQ53G, NNX11AP02G]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0437] FX This work was supported by NASA LWS (NNX10AQ53G and NNX11AP02G) and AFOSR (FA9550-12-1-0437) grants. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5592 EP 5597 DI 10.1002/2013GL058307 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 263LT UT WOS:000327810800006 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI Annealing behavior of cryogenically-rolled copper SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE EBSD; Nanostructured materials; Thermomechanical processing; Recrystallization; Grain growth ID MG-SI ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; PURE COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB The static annealing behavior of cryogenically-rolled copper over a wide temperature range (50-950 degrees C) was established. At temperatures below 350 degrees C (similar to 0.5T(m)), microstructure and texture evolution were interpreted in terms of discontinuous recrystallization. Grains having orientations close to (55;30/60;0), {236}< 385 > (Brass-R), and {4;4;11}< 11;11;8 > (Dillamore) were shown to recover rapidly and thus exhibited preferential growth during subsequent static recrystallization. At temperatures of 350 degrees C and higher, annealing behavior was dominated by abnormal grain growth. The abnormal character of this process was attributed to the relatively large spread in grain sizes produced during preceding recrystallization. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Korznikov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RXCM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM konkova_05@mail.ru; smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp; korznikov@imsp.ru; myshlyae@issp.ac.ru; Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Russian Fund of Fundamental Research [12-08-97008] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (Project no.12-08-97008) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Professor G.A. Salishchev for suggesting this research. They are also very grateful to Dr. R.M. Galeyev and Dr. O.R. Valiakhmetov for graciously providing the material used in this work, P. Klassman and T.I. Nazarova for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling, and Dr. R. R. Kabirov for help in performing the annealing experiments. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 585 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.042 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 241CF UT WOS:000326143300023 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Electron attachment to C-2 fluorocarbon radicals at high temperature SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX METHOD; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; PLASMAS; COLLISIONS; ENERGY; GAS; CF2; APPARATUS AB Thermal electron attachment to the radical species C2F3 and C2F5 has been studied over the temperature range 300-890 K using the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique. Both radicals exclusively undergo dissociative attachment to yield F-. The rate constant for C2F5 shows little dependence over the temperature range, remaining similar to 4 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). The rate constant for C2F3 attachment rises steeply with temperature from 3 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K to 1 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 890 K. The behaviors of both species at high temperature are in agreement with extrapolations previously made from data below 600 K using a recently developed kinetic modeling approach. Measurements were also made on C2F3Br and C2F5Br (used in this work as precursors to the radicals) over the same temperature range, and, for C2F5Br as a function of electron temperature. The attachment rate constants to both species rise with temperature following Arrhenius behavior. The attachment rate constant to C2F5Br falls with increasing electron temperature, in agreement with the kinetic modeling. The current data fall in line with past predictions of the kinetic modeling approach, again showing the utility of this simplified approach. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU United States Air Force of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX The project was funded by the United States Air Force of Scientific Research under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. T. M. M. is under Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002 from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 18 AR 184306 DI 10.1063/1.4829447 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 262CX UT WOS:000327712800029 PM 24320273 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Serak, SV Hakobyan, RS Aleksanyan, AK Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Bunning, TJ Tabiryan, NV AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Serak, Svetlana V. Hakobyan, Rafik S. Aleksanyan, Artur K. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. TI Recording polarization gratings with a standing spiral wave SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY; ALIGNMENT; HOLOGRAPHY; TRANSITION; LIGHT AB A scalable and robust methodology for writing cycloidal modulation patterns of optical axis orientation in photosensitive surface alignment layers is demonstrated. Counterpropagating circularly polarized beams, generated by reflection of the input beam from a cholesteric liquid crystal, direct local surface orientation in a photosensitive surface. Purposely introducing a slight angle between the input beam and the photosensitive surface normal introduces a grating period/orientation that is readily controlled and templated. The resulting cycloidal diffractive waveplates offer utility in technologies requiring diffraction over a broad range of angles/wavelengths. This simple methodology of forming polarization gratings offers advantages over conventional fabrication techniques. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Serak, Svetlana V.; Hakobyan, Rafik S.; Aleksanyan, Artur K.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP Tabiryan, NV (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 South Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM nelson@beamco.com RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; DoD SBIR program FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the DoD SBIR program. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 20 AR 201101 DI 10.1063/1.4829742 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263OU UT WOS:000327818700001 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Johnsen, R Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Johnsen, Rainer Viggiano, Albert A. TI Communication: Transfer ionization in a thermal reaction of a cation and anion: Ar+ with Br- and I- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; H++H-COLLISIONS; KINETICS; ION AB We present experimental evidence that reactions of argon cations Ar+ with the halogen anions Br- and I- do not occur exclusively by mutual neutralization, but also produce the cations Br+ or I+ ions by transfer ionization (TI). The experiments were carried out in flowing-afterglow plasmas at gas temperatures between and 300 and 500 K, and employed a variant of the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry method. The measured TI rate coefficients are 1.9 +/- 0.6 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) and 1.1 +/- (0.8)(0.3) x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) for the Br- and I- reactions, respectively. We find that the TI rate coefficients decline with temperature as T-0.5 to T-1. No indication of TI was found in the reaction with Cl-, where it is endoergic. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Johnsen, Rainer] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. T. M. M. acknowledges the support from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 17 AR 171102 DI 10.1063/1.4828455 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251IT UT WOS:000326922300002 PM 24206279 ER PT J AU Cornella, BM Gimelshein, SF Lilly, TC Ketsdever, AD AF Cornella, Barry M. Gimelshein, Sergey F. Lilly, Taylor C. Ketsdever, Andrew D. TI Neutral gas heating via non-resonant optical lattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWERED HOMOGENEOUS PYROLYSIS; COHERENT RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN; NORMAL SHOCK-WAVE; IGNITION; ATOMS AB Energy deposition from high intensity pulsed optical lattices to a neutral gas was experimentally recorded for molecular nitrogen at 300/500K and methane at 300 K. The magnitude of acoustic waves generated by the interaction was experimentally measured and simulated using the direct simulation Monte-Carlo method. The relationship between the lattice velocity and the measured acoustic wave magnitude was compared to numerical simulation which both exhibited dependence on lattice velocity, indicating that the detected pressure wave was the result of gas heating from the optical lattice and not from other forms of laser energy deposition. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cornella, Barry M.; Gimelshein, Sergey F.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lilly, Taylor C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Ketsdever, Andrew D.] AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cornella, BM (reprint author), ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. FU XSEDE(NSF) [1053575] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Mikhail Shneider, Dr. Mitat Birkan (AFOSR/RSA), and Dr. Tatjana Curcic (AFOSR/RSE) for their support. This work was also supported, in part, by a grant of computer time from the DOD HPCMP at ERDC DSRC and another from XSEDE (NSF# OCI-1053575). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 19 AR 194103 DI 10.1063/1.4829918 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263OD UT WOS:000327817000103 ER PT J AU Killat, N Montes Bajo, M Paskova, T Evans, KR Leach, J Li, X Ozgur, U Morkoc, H Chabak, KD Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Fitch, R Kossler, M Walker, DE Trejo, M Via, GD Blevins, JD Kuball, M AF Killat, N. Montes Bajo, M. Paskova, T. Evans, K. R. Leach, J. Li, X. Oezguer, Ue Morkoc, H. Chabak, K. D. Crespo, A. Gillespie, J. K. Fitch, R. Kossler, M. Walker, D. E. Trejo, M. Via, G. D. Blevins, J. D. Kuball, M. TI Reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors on low dislocation density bulk GaN substrate: Implications of surface step edges SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB To enable gaining insight into degradation mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors, devices grown on a low-dislocation-density bulk-GaN substrate were studied. Gate leakage current and electroluminescence (EL) monitoring revealed a progressive appearance of EL spots during off-state stress which signify the generation of gate current leakage paths. Atomic force microscopy evidenced the formation of semiconductor surface pits at the failure location, which corresponds to the interaction region of the gate contact edge and the edges of surface steps. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Killat, N.; Montes Bajo, M.; Kuball, M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, CDTR, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Paskova, T.; Evans, K. R.; Leach, J.] Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. [Paskova, T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leach, J.; Li, X.; Oezguer, Ue; Morkoc, H.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Chabak, K. D.; Crespo, A.; Gillespie, J. K.; Fitch, R.; Kossler, M.; Walker, D. E.; Trejo, M.; Via, G. D.; Blevins, J. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Killat, N (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, CDTR, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM Nicole.Killat@bristol.ac.uk; Martin.Kuball@bristol.ac.uk RI Montes Bajo, Miguel/L-8147-2014 OI Montes Bajo, Miguel/0000-0002-9352-5820 FU EPSRC [EP/H011366/1]; ONR Global through the DRIFT program [N00014-08-1-1091] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the EPSRC (EP/H011366/1) and ONR Global (N00014-08-1-1091) through the DRIFT program (monitored by Dr. Paul Maki). NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 19 AR 193507 DI 10.1063/1.4829062 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263OD UT WOS:000327817000091 ER PT J AU Bates, MJ Fallesen, JJ Huey, WS Packard, GA Ryan, DM Burke, CS Smith, DG Watola, DJ Pinder, ED Yosick, TM Estrada, AX Crepeau, L Bowles, SV AF Bates, Mark J. Fallesen, Jon J. Huey, Wesley S. Packard, Gary A., Jr. Ryan, Diane M. Burke, C. Shawn Smith, David G. Watola, Daniel J. Pinder, Evette D. Yosick, Todd M. Estrada, Armando X. Crepeau, Loring Bowles, Stephen V. TI Total Force Fitness in Units Part 1: Military Demand-Resource Model SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID JOB DEMANDS; INTERPERSONAL-COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT; ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE; LEADERSHIP CLIMATE; GOAL ORIENTATION; WORK ENGAGEMENT; SELF-ENGAGEMENT; SOCIAL IDENTITY; TEAM ADAPTATION AB The military unit is a critical center of gravity in the military's efforts to enhance resilience and the health of the force. The purpose of this article is to augment the military's Total Force Fitness (TFF) guidance with a framework of TFF in units. The framework is based on a Military Demand-Resource model that highlights the dynamic interactions across demands, resources, and outcomes. A joint team of subject-matter experts identified key variables representing unit fitness demands, resources, and outcomes. The resulting framework informs and supports leaders, support agencies, and enterprise efforts to strengthen TFF in units by (1) identifying TFF unit variables aligned with current evidence and operational practices, (2) standardizing communication about TFF in units across the Department of Defense enterprise in a variety of military organizational contexts, (3) improving current resources including evidence-based actions for leaders, (4) identifying and addressing of gaps, and (5) directing future research for enhancing TFF in units. These goals are intended to inform and enhance Service efforts to develop Service-specific TFF models, as well as provide the conceptual foundation for a follow-on article about TFF metrics for units. C1 [Bates, Mark J.; Pinder, Evette D.] Def Ctr Excellence Psychol Hlth & Traumat Brain I, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fallesen, Jon J.] Ctr Army Leadership, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. [Huey, Wesley S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Leader Dev & Res, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Packard, Gary A., Jr.; Watola, Daniel J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ryan, Diane M.] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Burke, C. Shawn] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Smith, David G.] US Naval Acad, Leadership Eth & Law Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Yosick, Todd M.] Off Army Surgeon Gen, Def Hlth Headquarters, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Estrada, Armando X.] US Army Res Inst, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Crepeau, Loring] Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925 USA. [Bowles, Stephen V.] Natl Def Univ, Ind Coll Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Bates, MJ (reprint author), Def Ctr Excellence Psychol Hlth & Traumat Brain I, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 178 IS 11 BP 1164 EP 1182 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00519 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UE UT WOS:000340805700004 PM 24183762 ER PT J AU Zanetti, R DeMars, KJ AF Zanetti, Renato DeMars, Kyle J. TI Joseph Formulation of Unscented and Quadrature Filters with Application to Consider States SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID BIASES C1 [Zanetti, Renato] Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [DeMars, Kyle J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zanetti, R (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, 17629 El Camino Real,Suite 470, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM rzanetti@draper.com NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1874 DI 10.2514/1.59935 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AA8UB UT WOS:000331369400035 ER PT J AU Dogan, A Blake, W Haag, C AF Dogan, Atilla Blake, William Haag, Christian TI Bow Wave Effect in Aerial Refueling: Computational Analysis and Modeling SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP AIAA ID RECEIVER AIRCRAFT; SIMULATION; AIR AB Mechanisms contributing to the "bow wave" effect of a receiver on a tanker are investigated, and a modeling method for dynamic simulation is developed. Vortex lattice and Cart3D codes are used to calculate the aerodynamic forces and moments for a C-141B behind a KC-135. The vortex lattice code significantly underpredicts the bow wave effect, whereas the Cart3D code shows good agreement with available flight data. The modeling method uses stream functions for inviscid flow around solid bodies. The flowfield induced by the presence of aircraft bodies is superimposed on the flowfield generated by horseshoe vortices. The resultant flowfield is approximated by the effective uniform translational and rotational velocity components, which are used in the buildup equations for the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients of both tanker and receiver aircraft. This method applied to a flying wing behind a KC135 shows good agreement with Cart3D results. It is concluded that the major contribution to the "bow wave" effect is the effect of the displacement of air due to the volume of the receiver and not upwash from the bound vortex due to the lift of the receiver. This disagrees with earlier studies that did not have the benefit of flight data to use as a benchmark. C1 [Dogan, Atilla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haag, Christian] US Air Force Res Lab, USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dogan, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1856 EP 1868 DI 10.2514/1.C032165 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VQ UT WOS:000331373500016 ER PT J AU Tam, CJ Hsu, KY Hagenmaier, M Raffoul, C AF Tam, Chung-Jen Hsu, Kuang-Yu Hagenmaier, Mark Raffoul, Charbel TI Studies of Inlet Distortion in a Direct-Connect Axisymmetric Scramjet Isolator SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Direct-connect wind-tunnel facilities that produce uniform flow entering the test section are generally used for scramjet-component (isolator/combustor) studies. In freejet experiments and flight tests, however, air enters the engine through an inlet, and flow entering the isolator and combustor is typically distorted. The distortion effects can include nonuniform boundary-layer thicknesses on the walls and relatively strong oblique shock waves. This research focuses on the effects of inlet distortion on a round scramjet isolator. A numerical study was performed using various distortion devices, including ramps, injector ports, and injector slots, that were placed downstream of the direct-connect facility nozzle to simulate a distorted flowfield from a prescribed inlet. The computational results provided a methodology for simulating flow distortion in direct-connect testing. Based on the numerical findings, experimental testing was conducted in the supersonic wind-tunnel facility to validate the numerical results and determine the impact of flow distortion. In addition, this paper focuses on design, fabrication, and execution of flow-distortion experiments. Air injection in the distortion section was used to create the flow distortion, and shock angle increases with the injection flow. Comparisons of wall pressure, exit flow profiles, and shock-holding capability are made from the experimental and numerical results. Good agreement between these data on wall pressures and flow profiles was found. C1 [Tam, Chung-Jen] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Hagenmaier, Mark; Raffoul, Charbel] US Air Force, Res Lab, High Speed Syst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [F33615-03-D-2419]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Aerospace Systems Directorate FX This study was supported by and performed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, under contract no. F33615-03-D-2419. Support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Aerospace Systems Directorate for this project is sincerely appreciated. Additional support came in the form of a grant of computer resources from the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Office, using resources at the AFRL and ARL centers. Significant contributors to this research effort in the AFRL/High Speed Systems Division RC 19 supersonic wind-tunnel facility are Gary Streby, Dave Schommer, William Terry, Steve Smith, and 2nd Lt. Rebekah Mazany. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1382 EP 1390 DI 10.2514/1.B34944 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VB UT WOS:000331372000016 ER PT J AU Reid, MR Scharfe, DB Saleem, FAM Webb, RN AF Reid, Michael R. Scharfe, David B. Saleem, Faraz A. M. Webb, Rebecca N. TI Preheating Cold Gas Thruster Flow Through a Thermal Energy Storage Conversion System SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 [Reid, Michael R.] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Scharfe, David B.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Saleem, Faraz A. M.; Webb, Rebecca N.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Reid, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU ERC, Inc. FX This work was supported by ERC, Inc. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1488 EP + DI 10.2514/1.B34898 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VB UT WOS:000331372000026 ER EF