FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Corley, CA Iacono, ST AF Corley, Cynthia A. Iacono, Scott T. TI A rapid approach to isolating nitro-explosives from imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquid solutions using solid phase extraction (SPE) SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article AB Ionic liquids have received considerable attention as ideal green solvents for synthesis and extraction applications. Ionic liquids, because of their unique set of properties such as low volatility, high stability, excellent solvation ability, ionic strength, and tunable structure, are frequently utilized as alternate environmentally friendly solvents to conventional solvents. It is these same properties, however, that present analytical challenges, particularly with liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) analysis of compounds of interest dissolved in ionic liquid media. A simple solid phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation method is described for isolating nitro-explosive compounds from solutions containing 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DMPIm-NTf2) or 1-methyl-3-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPy-NTf2) prior to analysis. High recoveries of the compounds of interest are achieved with substantial removal of the ionic liquid, thus avoiding significant interferences and time-consuming and costly instrumental problems. C1 [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientifc Research (AFOSR); U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory (USACIL) FX The authors acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientifc Research (AFOSR) for their financial support. Partial support was provided by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory (USACIL). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2015 VL 7 IS 16 BP 6911 EP 6915 DI 10.1039/c5ay01180a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA CO7RV UT WOS:000359360400059 ER PT J AU Howe, BM Emori, S Jeon, HM Oxholm, TM Jones, JG Mahalingam, K Zhuang, Y Sun, NX Brown, GJ AF Howe, Brandon M. Emori, Satoru Jeon, Hyung-Min Oxholm, Trevor M. Jones, John G. Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Zhuang, Yan Sun, Nian X. Brown, Gail J. TI Pseudomorphic Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films With Low Damping and Inhomogeneous Linewidth Broadening SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Magnetodynamics; yttrium iron garnet; ferromagnetic resonance; magnetic damping ID MAGNETIC INSULATORS AB Nanometer-thick yttrium iron garnet films, grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates by pulsed laser deposition, exhibit remarkably high crystallinity and atomically smooth surfaces. The pseudomorphic growth mechanism leads to large negative out-of-plane uniaxial anisotropy, narrow resonance linewidths, and minimal damping. Magnetic resonance measurements indicate that both the Gilbert damping parameter alpha and inhomogeneous linewidth broadening Delta H-pp,H-0 are consistently low for films of various thicknesses. Even at film thickness approximate to 20 nm, we attain alpha approximate to 2 x 10(-4) and Delta H-pp,H-0 approximate to 1 Oe, which are among the lowest values ever reported. C1 [Howe, Brandon M.; Jones, John G.; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Emori, Satoru; Oxholm, Trevor M.; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02139 USA. [Jeon, Hyung-Min; Zhuang, Yan] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Howe, BM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brandon.howe.6@us.af.mil RI Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010 OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-14C-5706]; [FA8650-14-C-5705] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through contract FA8650-14C-5706 and in part by FA8650-14-C-5705. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2015 VL 6 AR 3500504 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2015.2449260 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CP0IN UT WOS:000359559100001 ER PT J AU Jensen, MN AF Jensen, Mark N. TI Is Our Group An Agent? Do We Want It To Be? SO JOURNAL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Review DE group agency; autonomy; discursive dilemma; group rationality AB Christian List and Philip Pettit's new book, Group Agency: The Possibility, Design, and Status of Corporate Agents, is an interesting, timely, and extremely clever synthesis of the deliverances of their recent technical work on the philosophical, moral and legal nature of group agents. Their meticulously developed ideal group agent provides an excellent starting point for analytic reflection on group agency, identity, epistemology, and responsibility. Insofar as it is their intent for their account to have real world consequences, their model provides a template for political associations, businesses, and civil society organizations. This review essay explains List and Pettit's model and then points out two unattractive features. First, a bird's eye view of the conditions required to achieve ideal group agency reveals limitations that may make it impossible to realize. Second, some of these groups, especially businesses and civil society organizations, will find the model unattractive, limiting its real world applicability. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jensen, MN (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mark.jensen@usafa.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1740-4681 EI 1745-5243 J9 J MORAL PHILOS JI J. Moral Philos. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 539 EP 551 DI 10.1163/17455243-01204007 PG 13 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA CO9FF UT WOS:000359477900007 ER PT S AU Giacoppo, F Garrote, FLB Eriksen, TK Gorgen, A Guttormsen, M Hagen, TW Larsen, AC Kheswa, BV Klintefjord, M Koehler, PE Moretto, LG Nyhus, HT Renstrom, T Sahin, E Siem, S Tornyi, TG AF Giacoppo, F. Garrote, F. L. Bello Eriksen, T. K. Goergen, A. Guttormsen, M. Hagen, T. W. Larsen, A. C. Kheswa, B. V. Klintefjord, M. Koehler, P. E. Moretto, L. G. Nyhus, H. T. Renstrom, T. Sahin, E. Siem, S. Tornyi, T. G. BE Schwengner, R Zuber, K TI Observation of low-lying resonances in the quasicontinuum of Pt-195,Pt-196 and enhanced astrophysical reaction rates SO CGS15 - CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics (CGS) CY AUG 25-29, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA; STRENGTH FUNCTION; DIPOLE RESONANCE; LEVEL DENSITY; R-PROCESS; NUCLEI; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PT-196; MODEL AB An excess of strength on the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance recently has been observed in the gamma-decay from the quasicontinuum of Pt-195,Pt-196. The nature of this phenomenon is not yet fully investigated. If this feature is present also in the gamma-ray strength of the neutron-rich isotopes, it can affect the neutron-capture reactions involved in the formation of heavy-elements in stellar nucleosynthesis. The experimental level density and gamma-ray strength function of Pt-195,Pt-196 are presented together with preliminary calculations of the corresponding neutron-capture cross sections. C1 [Giacoppo, F.; Garrote, F. L. Bello; Eriksen, T. K.; Goergen, A.; Guttormsen, M.; Hagen, T. W.; Larsen, A. C.; Kheswa, B. V.; Klintefjord, M.; Nyhus, H. T.; Renstrom, T.; Sahin, E.; Siem, S.; Tornyi, T. G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Kheswa, B. V.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Koehler, P. E.] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [Moretto, L. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tornyi, T. G.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Giacoppo, F (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM francesca.giacoppo@fys.uio.no RI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/C-8742-2014; OI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/0000-0002-2188-3709; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-1794-8 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 93 AR 01039 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20159301039 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BD1RU UT WOS:000358307500039 ER PT S AU Koehler, PE Becvar, F Krticka, M AF Koehler, P. E. Becvar, F. Krticka, M. BE Schwengner, R Zuber, K TI Distribution of total radiation widths for neutron resonances of Pt isotopes SO CGS15 - CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics (CGS) CY AUG 25-29, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB High quality neutron capture and transmission data were measured on isotopically enriched Pt-192,Pt-194,Pt-195,Pt-196 and natural Pt samples at ORELA. R-matrix analysis of this data revealed resonance parameters for 159, 413, 423, 258, and 11 neutron resonances for neutron energies below 5.0, 16.0, 7.5, 16.0, and 5.0 keV for Pt-192,Pt-194,Pt-195,Pt-196,Pt-198+ n, respectively. Earlier analysis of data on reduced neutron widths, Gamma(0)(n), showed that the distributions of Gamma(0)(n) for Pt-192,Pt-194 deviate significantly from the Porter-Thomas distribution (PTD) predicted by random matrix theory. In this contribution we report on preliminary results of the analysis of distribution of total radiation widths, Gamma(gamma) in Pt-192,Pt-194,Pt-195,Pt-196+n reactions. Comparison of experimental data with predictions made within the nuclear statistical model indicates that standard models of Photon Strength Functions (PSFs) and Nuclear Level Density predict Gamma(gamma) distributions which are too narrow. We found that satisfactory agreement between experimental and simulated distributions can be obtained only by a strong suppression of the PSFs at low gamma-ray energies and/or by violation of the usual assumption that primary transitions from neutron resonances follow the PTD. The shape of PSFs needed for reproduction of our Gamma(gamma) data also nicely reproduces spectra from several (n,gamma) experiments on the neighbor nuclide Au-198. C1 [Koehler, P. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Koehler, P. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Koehler, PE (reprint author), Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. EM paul.koehler.1@us.af.mil OI Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-1794-8 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 93 AR 01049 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20159301049 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BD1RU UT WOS:000358307500049 ER PT J AU Ge, W Li, Z Lei, ZW Chen, T Fu, ZP Peng, RR Liu, M Lu, YL AF Ge, Wen Li, Zhiang Lei, Zhiwei Chen, Tong Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Liu, Min Lu, Yalin TI Synthesis of hexagonal phase Gd2O2CO3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles via SiO2 coating and Nd3+ doping SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; PARTICLES; CRYSTAL; DECOMPOSITION; ENHANCEMENT; EXCITATION; STABILITY AB By SiO2 shell coating and Nd3+ doping, layer-structured hexagonal phase Gd2O2CO3:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized successfully through a homogeneous precipitation method. The detailed mechanism was investigated and the results indicate that the SiO2 shell and Nd3+ doping ions can effectively prevent hexagonal phase Gd2O2CO3 from decomposing into cubic phase Gd2O3 during heat treatment, because the SiO2 shell limits the diffusion of CO2 gas and the Nd3+ doping increases the decomposition temperature of Gd2O2CO3. Compared with non-layer-structured GdVO4:20%Yb3+, 2%Er3+, 4%Nd3+ particles with similar diameters and morphologies and lower phonon energies, layer-structured Gd2O2CO3:20%Yb3+, 2%Er3+, 4%Nd3+/SiO2 hexagonal phase particles show much a stronger upconversion emission, suggesting that layer-structured materials are more appropriate as upconversion hosts. Furthermore, the paramagnetic properties of Gd2O2CO3:Yb3+, Er3+, Nd3+/SiO2 nanoparticles were also demonstrated. C1 [Ge, Wen; Li, Zhiang; Lei, Zhiwei; Chen, Tong; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ge, W (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation [1408085QE84]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK 2060140014]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085QE84), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK 2060140014). Dr. Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2015 VL 17 IS 30 BP 5702 EP 5709 DI 10.1039/c5ce00869g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN1YC UT WOS:000358215800015 ER PT J AU Ushakov, VG Troe, J Johnson, RS Guo, H Ard, SG Melko, JJ Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Ushakov, Vladimir G. Troe, Juergen Johnson, Ryan S. Guo, Hua Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Statistical modeling of the reactions Fe+ + N2O -> FeO+ + N-2 and FeO+ + CO -> Fe+ + CO2 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETICS; UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; RATE CONSTANTS K(E,J); GAS-PHASE OXIDATION; ATOMIC CATIONS; N2O; CATALYSIS; FEO+; REACTIVITY; REDUCTION AB The rates of the reactions Fe+ + N2O -> FeO+ + N-2 and FeO+ + CO -> Fe+ + CO2 are modeled by statistical rate theory accounting for energy-and angular momentum-specific rate constants for formation of the primary and secondary cationic adducts and their backward and forward reactions. The reactions are both suggested to proceed on sextet and quartet potential energy surfaces with efficient, but probably not complete, equilibration by spin-inversion of the populations of the sextet and quartet adducts. The influence of spin-inversion on the overall reaction rate is investigated. The differences of the two reaction rates mostly are due to different numbers of entrance states (atom + linear rotor or linear rotor + linear rotor, respectively). The reaction Fe+ + N2O was studied either with Fe-6(+) or with Fe-4(+) reactants. Differences in the rate constants of Fe-6(+) and Fe-4(+) reacting with N2O are attributed to different contributions from electronically excited potential energy surfaces, such as they originate from the open-electronic shell reactants. C1 [Ushakov, Vladimir G.; Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Ushakov, Vladimir G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Laser Lab Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Johnson, Ryan S.; Guo, Hua; Viggiano, Albert A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Melko, Joshua J.] Univ N Florida, Dept Chem, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Fassberg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X FU Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research [DE-FG02-05ER15694]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research; EOARD [FA8655-11-13077] FX The authors would like to thank Peter Armentrout, Helmut Schwarz, Sason Shaik, and Jeremy Harvey for insightful conversations. This work is supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research (DE-FG02-05ER15694 to H.G.) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-2303EP to A.A.V.). S.G.A. acknowledges the support of Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. J.T. acknowledges support from the EOARD Grant-Award FA8655-11-13077. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 30 BP 19700 EP 19708 DI 10.1039/c5cp01416f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3ST UT WOS:000358347500003 PM 26126995 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Johnson, RS Melko, JJ Martinez, O Shuman, NS Ushakov, VG Guo, H Troe, J Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Johnson, Ryan S. Melko, Joshua J. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Shuman, Nicholas S. Ushakov, Vladimir G. Guo, Hua Troe, Juergen Viggiano, Albert A. TI Spin-inversion and spin-selection in the reactions FeO+ + H-2 and Fe+ + N2O SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; CROSS-SECTIONS; METAL-IONS; H-H; FE+; ACTIVATION; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; HYDROGEN AB The reactions of FeO+ with H-2 and of Fe+ with N2O were studied with respect to the production and reactivity of electronically excited Fe-4(+) cations. The reaction of electronic ground state (FeO+)-Fe-6 with H-2 was found to predominantly produce electronically excited Fe-4(+) as opposed to electronic ground state Fe-6(+) corresponding to a spin-allowed reaction. Fe-4(+) was observed to react with N2O with a rate constant of 2.3 (+0.3/-0.8) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), smaller than the ground state Fe-6(+) rate constant of 3.2 (+/- 0.5) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (at room temperature). While the overall reaction of (FeO+)-Fe-6 with H-2 within the Two-State-Reactivity concept is governed by efficient sextet-quartet spin-inversion in the initial reaction complex, the observation of predominant Fe-4(+) production in the reaction is attributed to a much less efficient quartet-sextet back-inversion in the final reaction complex. Average spin-inversion probabilities are estimated by statistical modeling of spin-inversion processes and related to the properties of spin-orbit coupling along the reaction coordinate. The reaction of FeO+ with H-2 served as a source for Fe-4(+), subsequently reacting with N2O. The measured rate constant has allowed for a more detailed understanding of the ground state Fe-6(+) reaction with N2O, leading to a significantly improved statistical modeling of the previously measured temperature dependence of the reaction. In particular, evidence for the participation of electronically excited states of the reaction complex was found. Deexcitation of Fe-4(+) by He was found to be slow, with a rate constant <3 x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Johnson, Ryan S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melko, Joshua J.] Univ N Florida, Dept Chem, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Ushakov, Vladimir G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Ushakov, Vladimir G.; Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Laser Lab Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X FU Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research [DE-FG02-05ER15694]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research; EOARD [FA8655-11-13077] FX The authors would like to thank Peter Armentrout, Helmut Schwarz, Sason Shaik, and Jeremy Harvey for insightful conversations. This work is supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research (DE-FG02-05ER15694 to H.G.) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-2303EP to A.A.V.). S.G.A. acknowledges the support of Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. J.T. acknowledges support from the EOARD Grant-Award FA8655-11-13077. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 30 BP 19709 EP 19717 DI 10.1039/c5cp01418b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN3ST UT WOS:000358347500004 PM 26129708 ER PT S AU Asmuth, MA Shin, HJ Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Asmuth, Mark A. Shin, Hee Jung Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Design and implementation of a noise radar tomographic system SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tomographic imaging; back projection imaging; ultra-wideband; noise radar; noise tomography ID MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY AB A hardware system has been developed to perform ultrawideband (UWB) noise radar tomography over the 3-5 GHz frequency range. The system utilizes RF hardware to transmit multiple independent and identically distributed UWB random noise waveforms. A 3-5 GHz band-limited signal is generated using an arbitrary waveform generator and the waveform is then amplified and transmitted through a horn antenna. A linear scanner with a single antenna is used in place of an antenna array to collect backscatter. The backscatter is collected from the transmission of each waveform and reconstructed to form an image. The images that result from each scan are averaged to produce a single tomographic image of the target. After background subtraction, the scans are averaged to improve the image quality. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical predictions. The system is able to successfully image metallic and dielectric cylinders of different cross sections. C1 [Asmuth, Mark A.; Shin, Hee Jung; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL RYAP, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Asmuth, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610W DI 10.1117/12.2176753 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900028 ER PT S AU Li, J Ewing, RL Berdanier, C Baker, C AF Li, Jia Ewing, Robert L. Berdanier, Charles Baker, Christopher BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI RF Tomography of Metallic Objects in Free Space: Preliminary Results SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE RF tomography; ultra-wideband; distributed sensing; shape reconstruction; iterative reconstruction; radar imaging ID RADIO-FREQUENCY TOMOGRAPHY; SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION; RADAR; CYLINDERS; PLANE AB RF tomography has great potential in defense and homeland security applications. A distributed sensing research facility is under development at Air Force Research Lab. To develop a RF tomographic imaging system for the facility, preliminary experiments have been performed in an indoor range with 12 radar sensors distributed on a circle of 3m radius. Ultra-wideband pulses are used to illuminate single and multiple metallic targets. The echoes received by distributed sensors were processed and combined for tomography reconstruction. Traditional matched filter algorithm and truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm are compared in terms of their complexity, accuracy, and suitability for distributed processing. A new algorithm is proposed for shape reconstruction, which jointly estimates the object boundary and scatter points on the waveform's propagation path. The results show that the new algorithm allows accurate reconstruction of object shape, which is not available through the matched filter and truncated SVD algorithms. C1 [Li, Jia] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.; Berdanier, Charles] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baker, Christopher] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610S DI 10.1117/12.2176995 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900024 ER PT S AU Park, J Johnson, JT Ding, KH Kim, K Tenbarge, J AF Park, James Johnson, Joel T. Ding, Kung-Hau Kim, Kristopher Tenbarge, Joseph BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Terrain Clutter Simulation using Physics-Based Scattering Model and Digital Terrain Profile Data SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radar modelling; DTED; terrain clutter; rough surfaces scattering model AB Site-specific terrain clutter models based on digital terrain elevation data (DTED) have been in existence for many years due to their importance in remote-sensing and military radar, just to name a few. We propose a simple site-specific terrain clutter modeling approach that takes advantage of DTED information in a more consistent manner by combining it with physics-based rough-surface scattering models. Terrain profile information is used to generate a triangulated facet model of the terrain surface under investigation. A light-of-sight analysis is then performed to differentiate the illuminated facets from the shadowed ones for given radar geometry. The orientation of each illuminated facet is computed with respect to the radar's line of sight. The complex reflectivity of each illuminated facet is subsequently computed using a physics-based, rough-surface model appropriate for the radar frequency and the relative roughness of the terrain. The total clutter power is finally computed by summing up the contribution from each facet. In this work, the small perturbation method (SPM) is used to compute the reflectivity of each facet. Using our model, we investigate the respective impacts of polarization, radar geometry, and small-scale surface roughness on the total clutter power. C1 [Park, James; Ding, Kung-Hau; Kim, Kristopher; Tenbarge, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna & Electromagnet Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna & Electromagnet Technol Branch, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610C DI 10.1117/12.2176974 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900010 ER PT S AU Shin, HJ Asmuth, MA Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shin, Hee Jung Asmuth, Mark A. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Principle and experimental results of ultra-wideband noise radar imaging of a cylindrical conducting object using diffraction tomography SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX; and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tomographic imaging; back projection imaging; ultra-wideband; noise radar; noise tomography ID WAVE-FORMS AB In this paper, the principle, simulation, and experiment results of tomographic imaging of a cylindrical conducting object using random noise waveforms are presented. Theoretical analysis of scattering and the image reconstruction technique are developed based on physical optics approximation and Fourier diffraction tomography, respectively. The bistatic radar system is designed to transmit band-limited ultra-wideband (UWB) random noise waveforms at a fixed position, and a linear scanner allows a single receiving antenna to move along a horizontal axis for backward scattering measurement in the frequency range from 3-5 GHz. The reconstructed tomographic image of the rotating cylindrical conducting object based on experimental results are seen to be in good agreement with the simulation results, which demonstrates the capability of UWB noise radar for complete two-dimensional tomographic image reconstruction of a cylindrical conducting object. C1 [Shin, Hee Jung; Asmuth, Mark A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL RYAP, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shin, HJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94610V DI 10.1117/12.2176752 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900027 ER PT J AU Silva, JE Geryak, R Loney, DA Kottke, PA Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV Fedorov, AG AF Silva, J. E. Geryak, R. Loney, D. A. Kottke, P. A. Naik, R. R. Tsukruk, V. V. Fedorov, A. G. TI Stick-slip water penetration into capillaries coated with swelling hydrogel SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PH-RESPONSIVE POLYMERS; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; GELS AB We have observed intriguing stick-slip behavior during capillary pressure driven filling of borosilicate microtubes coated with hydrogel on their inner wall. Swelling of hydrogel upon exposure to a translating waterfront is accompanied by "stick-and-slip'' motion. This results in the macroscopic filling velocity for water penetration into glass capillaries coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) being constant throughout the filling process, and reduced by three orders of magnitude when compared to filling of uncoated capillaries. A simple scaling analysis is used to introduce a possible explanation by considering the mechanisms responsible for pinning and unpinning of the contact line. The explanation assumes that the time scale for water diffusion into a hydrogel film and the resulting swelling/change of the local meniscus contact angle define the duration of each "stick'' event. The "slip'' length scale is in turn established by the elastocapillary deformation of dry hydrogel at the pinning point of the contact line. The sequential dynamics of these processes then determine the rate of water filling into a swelling capillary. Collectively, these experimental and theoretical results provide a new conceptual framework for liquid motion confined by soft, dynamically evolving polymer interfaces, in which the system creates an energy barrier to further motion through elasto-capillary deformation, and then lowers the barrier through diffusive softening. This insight has implications for optimal design of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices based on stimuli-responsive smart polymers. C1 [Silva, J. E.; Kottke, P. A.; Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Geryak, R.; Tsukruk, V. V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Loney, D. A.; Naik, R. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Renewable Bioprod Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Fedorov, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM AGF@gatech.edu FU AFOSR BIONIC Center [FA9550-09-1-0162, FA9550-14-1-0269]; AFOSR Award [FA9550-14-1-0015]; Georgia Tech's Renewable Bioproducts Institute Fellowship FX Financial support by AFOSR BIONIC Center (awards No. FA9550-09-1-0162 and FA9550-14-1-0269), AFOSR FA9550-14-1-0015 Award and Georgia Tech's Renewable Bioproducts Institute Fellowship (JES) are acknowledged and appreciated. Technical input from Dr Andrey Voevodin (AFRL) has been instrumental in performing this research. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 29 BP 5933 EP 5939 DI 10.1039/c5sm00660k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CN1YL UT WOS:000358216800017 PM 26119374 ER PT S AU Speicher, A Matin, M Tippets, R Chun, F Strong, D AF Speicher, Andy Matin, Mohammad Tippets, Roger Chun, Francis Strong, David BE Henry, DJ Gosian, GJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Walls, TJ Young, DL TI Results from an Experiment that Collected Visible-Light Polarization Data Using Unresolved Imagery for Classification of Geosynchronous Satellites SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Polarization; Satellite; Classification; Polarimeter AB In order to protect critical military and commercial space assets, the United States Space Surveillance Network must have the ability to positively identify and characterize all space objects. Unfortunately, positive identification and characterization of space objects is a manual and labor intensive process today since even large telescopes cannot provide resolved images of most space objects. The objective of this study was to collect and analyze visible-spectrum polarization data from unresolved images of geosynchronous satellites taken over various solar phase angles. Different collection geometries were used to evaluate the polarization contribution of solar arrays, thermal control materials, antennas, and the satellite bus as the solar phase angle changed. Since materials on space objects age due to the space environment, their polarization signature may change enough to allow discrimination of identical satellites launched at different times. Preliminary data suggests this optical signature may lead to positive identification or classification of each satellite by an automated process on a shorter timeline. The instrumentation used in this experiment was a United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) Department of Physics system that consists of a 20-inch Ritchey-Chretien telescope and a dual focal plane optical train fed with a polarizing beam splitter. Following a rigorous calibration, polarization data was collected during two nights on eight geosynchronous satellites built by various manufacturers and launched several years apart. When Stokes parameters were plotted against time and solar phase angle, the data indicates that a polarization signature from unresolved images may have promise in classifying specific satellites. C1 [Speicher, Andy; Matin, Mohammad] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Tippets, Roger; Chun, Francis; Strong, David] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Speicher, A (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knudson Hall Room 300,2390 S York St, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-576-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9460 AR 946006 DI 10.1117/12.2177528 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0QF UT WOS:000357565500003 ER PT S AU Mendoza-Schrock, O Rizki, MM Zelnio, EG Velten, VJ Garber, FD Raymer, ML Gallagher, JC AF Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Rizki, Mateen M. Zelnio, Edmund G. Velten, Vincent J. Garber, Frederick D. Raymer, Michael L. Gallagher, John C. BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Exploring EO Vehicle Recognition Performance using Manifolds as a function of Lighting Condition Variability SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Electro-imagery; vehicle classification; manifold learning; diffusion maps; aided target recognition ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; DIFFUSION MAPS AB Novel techniques are necessary in order to improve the current state-of-the-art for Aided Target Recognition (AiTR) especially for persistent intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). A fundamental assumption that current AiTR systems make is that operating conditions remain semi-consistent between the training samples and the testing samples. Today's electro-optical AiTR systems are still not robust to common occurrences such as changes in lighting conditions. In this work, we explore the effect of systemic variation in lighting conditions on vehicle recognition performance. In addition, we explore the use of low-dimensional nonlinear representations of high-dimensional data derived from electro-optical synthetic vehicle images using Manifold Learning specifically Diffusion Maps on recognition. Diffusion maps have been shown to be a valuable tool for extraction of the inherent underlying structure in high-dimensional data C1 [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Zelnio, Edmund G.; Velten, Vincent J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Rizki, Mateen M.; Garber, Frederick D.; Raymer, Michael L.; Gallagher, John C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Mendoza-Schrock, O (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 946401 DI 10.1117/12.2178408 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400012 ER PT S AU Smith, A Goley, S Vongsy, K Shaw, A Dierking, M AF Smith, Ashley Goley, Steve Vongsy, Karmon Shaw, Arnab Dierking, Matthew BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Remote vibrometry vehicle classification SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE laser vibrometry; accelerometers; aided target recognition; vehicle classification AB In vehicle target classification, contact sensors have frequently been used to collect data to simulate laser vibrometry data. Accelerometer data has been used in numerous literature to test and train classifiers instead of laser vibrometry data ([1] [2]). Understanding the key similarities and differences between accelerometer and laser vibrometry data is essential to keep progressing aided vehicle recognition systems. This paper investigates the contrast of accelerometer and laser vibrometer data on classification performance. Research was performed using the end-to-end process previously published by the authors to understand the effects of different types of data on the classification results. The end-to-end process includes preprocessing the data, extracting features from various signal processing literature, using feature selection to determine the most relevant features used in the process, and finally classifying and identifying the vehicles. Three data sets were analyzed, including one collection on military vehicles and two recent collections on civilian vehicles. Experiments demonstrated include: (1) training the classifiers using accelerometer data and testing on laser vibrometer data, (2) combining the data and classifying the vehicle, and (3) different repetitions of these tests with different vehicle states such as idle or revving and varying stationary revolutions per minute (rpm). C1 [Smith, Ashley; Shaw, Arnab] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Goley, Steve] Etegent Technol Ltd, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Vongsy, Karmon; Dierking, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 94640S DI 10.1117/12.2180633 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400017 ER PT S AU Sundlie, PO Taylor, CN Fernando, JA AF Sundlie, Paul O. Taylor, Clark N. Fernando, Joseph A. BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Sources of Uncertainty in Feature-Based Image Registration Algorithms SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB One significant technological barrier to enabling multi-sensor integrated ISR is obtaining an accurate understanding of the uncertainty present from each sensor. Once the uncertainty is known, data fusion, cross-cueing, and other exploitation algorithms can be performed. However, these algorithms depend on the availability of accurate uncertainty information from each sensor. In many traditional systems (e.g., a GPS/IMU-based navigation system), the uncertainty values for any estimate can be derived by carefully observing or characterizing the uncertainty of its inputs and then propagating that uncertainty through the estimation system. In this paper, we demonstrate that image registration uncertainty, on the other hand, cannot be characterized in this fashion. Much of the uncertainty in the output of a registration algorithm is due to not only the sensors used to collect the data, but also data collected and the algorithms used. In this paper, we present results of an analysis of feature-based image registration uncertainty. We make use of Monte Carlo analysis to investigate the errors present in an image registration algorithm. We demonstrate that the classical methods of propagating uncertainty from the inputs to the outputs yields significant underestimates of the true uncertainty on the output. We then describe at least two possible sources of additional error present in feature-based methods and demonstrate the importance of these sources of error. C1 [Sundlie, Paul O.; Fernando, Joseph A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sundlie, PO (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM paul.sundlie@udri.udayton.edu; clark.taylor.3@us.af.mil; joseph.fernando@udri.udayton.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 94640Z DI 10.1117/12.2180628 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400023 ER PT S AU Wei, J Liu, CH Zhu, ZG Mendoza-Schrock, O Vongsy, K AF Wei, Jie Liu, Chi-Him Zhu, Zhigang Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Vongsy, Karmon BE Pham, T Kolodny, MA TI Classification of Uncooperative Vehicles with Sparse Laser Doppler Vibrometry Measurements SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VI CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) sensors; classification algorithms; neural network; random forests; cross-validation AB Recently Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) has been widely employed to achieve long-range sensing in military applications, due to its high spatial and spectral resolutions in vibration measurements that facilitates effective analysis using signal processing and machine learning techniques. Based on the collaboration of The City College of New York and the Air Force Research Laboratory in the last several years, we have developed a bank of algorithms to classify different types of vehicles, such as sedans, vans, pickups, motor-cycles and buses, and identify various kinds of engines, such as Inline-4, V6, 1- and 2-axle truck engines Thanks to the similarities of the LDV signals to acoustic and other time-series signals, a large of body of existing approaches in literature has been employed, such as speech coding, time series representation, Fourier analysis, pyramid analysis, support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and deep learning algorithms. We have found that the classification results based on some of these methods are extremely promising. For instance, our vehicle engine classification algorithm based on the pyramid Fourier analysis of the engine vibration and fundamental frequencies of vehicle surfaces over the data collected by our LDV in the summer of 2014 have consistently attained 96% precision. In laboratory studies or well-controlled environments, a great array of high quality LDV measured points all over the vehicles are permitted by the vehicle owners, therefore extensive classifier training can be conducted to effectively capture the innate properties of surfaces in the space and spectral domains However, in real contested environments, which are of utmost interest and practical importance to military applications, the uncooperative vehicles are either fast moving or purposively concealed and thus not many high quality LDV measurements can be made. In this work an intensive study is performed to compare the performance in vehicle classifications under the cooperative and uncooperative environments via LDV measurements based on a content-based indexing approach. The method uses an iterative Fourier analysis and an artificial feed-forward neural network. As our empirical studies have suggested, even in uncooperative and contested environments, with adequate training dataset for similar vehicles, our classification approach can still yield promising recognition rates. C1 [Wei, Jie; Liu, Chi-Him; Zhu, Zhigang] CUNY, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Vongsy, Karmon] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM wei@cs.ccny.cuny.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-580-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9464 AR 94640Y DI 10.1117/12.2179277 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD1GR UT WOS:000358003400022 ER PT S AU Steenbergen, EH Lin, ZY Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Zhang, YH Kaspi, R AF Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Lin, Zhi-Yuan Elhamri, Said Mitchel, William C. Zhang, Yong-Hang Kaspi, Ron BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Effects of AlSb interfaces on InAs/InAsSb type-II infrared superlattice material properties SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE superlattice; infrared; detector; photoluminescence; Hall Effect ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; INAS AB Significant attention has recently been given to photoluminescence (PL) spectra and lifetime measurements on InAs/InAsSb superlattices, as high quality optical material with long carrier lifetimes are required for infrared detectors. The standard sample structure for PL measurements includes energy barriers to block photo-generated carriers from being lost through non-radiative recombination at interfaces between the superlattice and the surface or between the superlattice and the buffer/substrate. However, defect, surface, and/or interface states in AlSb, a commonly used barrier material, are known to contribute carriers to InAs quantum wells. Due to the similarity of the AlSb interface with the InAs/InAsSb superlattice, the effects of the barriers on the electrical and optical properties of the superlattice were investigated. Structures with AlSb barriers at the top and bottom of the superlattice, with no AlSb barriers, and with an AlSb barrier only at the top of the superlattice structure were studied. Hall Effect measurements revealed little change in the sheet carrier concentration at 10 K due to the barriers, but significant increases in low temperature mobility and a two-dimensional-like mobility temperature dependence were observed when barriers were present. Further high magnetic field measurements are necessary, however, to understand the transport properties of these samples due to the likelihood that multiple carriers are present. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were almost identical regardless of the barriers, except for a 15% increase in intensity with the AlSb barrier between the buffer layer and the superlattice. The surface AlSb barrier had little effect on the intensity. The barriers are therefore recommended for PL measurements to increase the signal intensity; however, they complicate the analysis of single-field Hall Effect measurements. C1 [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Mitchel, William C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lin, Zhi-Yuan; Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kaspi, Ron] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Steenbergen, EH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-567-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9451 AR 945114 DI 10.1117/12.2177696 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0QG UT WOS:000357568500033 ER PT S AU Ahn, ES Carreras, RA Gibson, JS AF Ahn, Edwin S. Carreras, Richard A. Gibson, J. Steve BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Selective Disturbance Rejection Algorithms for Mitigating Non-common Path Errors within Beam Control Systems SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Adaptive Control; jitter mitigation; non-common path error; inertial reference unit AB The beam control system of a high energy laser (HEL) application can typically experience error amplification due to disturbance measurements that are associated with the non-common path of the optical train setup. In order to address this error, conventional schemes require offline identification or a calibration process to determine the non-common path error portion of a measured sequence that contains both common and non-common path disturbances. However, not only is it a challenging to model the properties of the non-common path disturbance alone but also a stationary model may not guarantee consistent jitter control performance and repeated calibration may be necessary. The paper first attempts to classify the non-common path error problem into two categories where the designer is only given one measurement or two measurements available for real-time processing. For the latter case, an adaptive correlated pre-filter is introduced here to provide in situ determination of the non-common path disturbance through an adaptive correlation procedure. Contrasting features and advantages of this algorithm will be demonstrated alongside a baseline approach of utilizing notch filters to bypass the non-common portion of the combined sequence. C1 [Ahn, Edwin S.; Carreras, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gibson, J. Steve] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ahn, ES (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM edwin.ahn.ctr@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94671Z DI 10.1117/12.2177504 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000042 ER PT S AU Alsing, PM Kreymerman, G Miller, WA AF Alsing, Paul M. Kreymerman, Grigoriy Miller, Warner A. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI A CNOT Gate in a Glass Chip SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Linear Optical Quantum Computing; Volume Holograms; Mode Analizers ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; COUPLED-WAVE THEORY; GRATINGS; LIGHT; STATES; BEAM AB In our earlier work we posited that simple quantum gates and quantum algorithms can be designed utilizing the diffraction phenomena of a photon within a multiplexed holographic element. The quantum eigenstates we use are the photons transverse linear momentum (LM) as measured by the number of waves of tilt across the aperture. Two properties of linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) within the circuit model make this approach attractive. First, any conditional measurement can be commuted in time with any unitary quantum gate; and second, photon entanglement can be encoded as a superposition state of a single photon in a higherdimensional state space afforded by LM. We describe here our experimental results for construction a controlled NOT (CNOT) gate logic within a holographic medium, and present the quantum state tomography for this device. Our theoretical and numerical results indicate that OptiGrates photo-thermal refractive (PTR) glass is an enabling technology. This work has been grounded on coupled-mode theory and numerical simulations, all with parameters consistent with PTR glass. We discuss the strengths (high efficiencies, robustness to environment) and limitations (scalability, crosstalk) of this technology. While not scalable, the utility and robustness of such optical elements for broader quantum information processing applications can be substantial. C1 [Alsing, Paul M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Kreymerman, Grigoriy; Miller, Warner A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Miller, WA (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM wam@fau.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 95001F DI 10.1117/12.2192739 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800032 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Tison, CC Howland, GA Preble, SF Alsing, PM Smith, AM AF Fanto, Michael L. Tison, Christopher C. Howland, Gregory A. Preble, Stefan F. Alsing, Paul M. Smith, A. Matthew BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI A Bright PPKTP Waveguide Source of Polarization Entangled Photons SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE quantum; entangled photons; spontaneous parametric down-conversion; four wave mixing AB The need for bright efficient sources of entangled photons has been a subject of tremendous research over the last decade. Researchers have been working to increase the brightness and purity to help overcome the spontaneous nature of the sources. Periodic poling has been implemented to allow for the use of crystals that would not normally satisfy the phase matching conditions. Utilizing periodic poling and single mode waveguide confinement of the pump field has yielded extremely large effective nonlinearities in sources easily producing millions of photon pairs. Here we will demonstrate these large nonlinearity effects in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) waveguide as well as characterizing the source purity. C1 [Fanto, Michael L.; Howland, Gregory A.; Alsing, Paul M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Tison, Christopher C.] Rome Res Corp, Rome, NY USA. [Preble, Stefan F.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Smith, A. Matthew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 950014 DI 10.1117/12.2177029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800026 ER PT S AU Howland, GA Schneeloch, J Lum, DJ Knarr, SH Howell, JC AF Howland, Gregory A. Schneeloch, James Lum, Daniel J. Knarr, Samuel H. Howell, John C. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI Complementary Imaging with Compressive Sensing SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID INFORMATION; PRINCIPLES AB Measurements on quantum systems are always constrained by uncertainty relations. For traditional, projective measurements, uncertainty relations correspond to resolution limitations; a detector's position resolution is increased at the cost of its momentum resolution and vice-versa. However, many experiments in quantum measurement are now exploring non- or partially-projective measurements. For these techniques, measurement disturbance need not manifest as a blurring in the complementary domain. Here, we describe a technique for complementary imaging obtaining sharp position and momentum distributions of a transverse optical field with a single set of measurements. Our technique consists of random, partially-projective filtering in position followed by projective measurements in momentum. The partial-projections extract information about position at the cost of injecting a small amount of noise into the momentum distribution, which can still be directly imaged. The position distribution is recovered via compressive sensing. C1 [Howland, Gregory A.; Schneeloch, James; Lum, Daniel J.; Knarr, Samuel H.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Howland, GA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 500 Wilson Blvd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM greg.a.howland@gmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 95000D DI 10.1117/12.2177002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800008 ER PT S AU Schneeloch, J Knarr, SH Howland, GA Howell, JC AF Schneeloch, James Knarr, Samuel H. Howland, Gregory A. Howell, John C. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI Demonstrating Continuous-Variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering with a Finite Number of Measurements SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE EPR steering; Fano inequality; entanglement; quantum information AB Here, we discuss the development of a new inequality in information theory; a Fano inequality suitable for continuous variables. With this inequality, we show how one can demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering in the position-momentum statistics of entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). More importantly, we show how with sufficiently strong position and momentum correlations, we can demonstrate continuous-variable EPR steering without having to assume the photo-detectors have access to the entire joint intensity distribution. Moreover, we demonstrate this experimentally with the position and momentum statistics of entangled photon pairs in SPDC. C1 [Schneeloch, James; Knarr, Samuel H.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Schneeloch, James; Knarr, Samuel H.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Ctr Coherence & Quantum Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Schneeloch, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM jschneel@pas.rochester.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 95000T DI 10.1117/12.2177296 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800016 ER PT S AU Steidle, JA Fanto, ML Tison, CC Wang, ZH Preble, SF Alsing, PM AF Steidle, Jeffrey A. Fanto, Michael L. Tison, Christopher C. Wang, Zihao Preble, Stefan F. Alsing, Paul M. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Hayduk, M TI High Spectral Purity Silicon Ring Resonator Photon-Pair Source SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XIII CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Silicon Photonics; Ring Resonator ID GENERATION AB Here we present the experimental demonstration of a Silicon ring resonator photon-pair source. The crystalline Silicon ring resonator (radius of 18.5 mu m) was designed to realize low dispersion across multiple resonances, which allows for operation with a high quality factor of Q similar to 50k. In turn, the source exhibits very high brightness of >3x10(5) photons/s/mW(2)/GHz since the produced photon pairs have a very narrow bandwidth. Furthermore, the waveguide-fiber coupling loss was minimized to <1.5dB using an inverse tapered waveguide (tip width of similar to 150nm over a 300 mu m length) that is butt-coupled to a high-NA fiber (Nufern UHNA-7). This ensured minimal loss of photon pairs to the detectors, which enabled very high purity photon pairs with minimal noise, as exhibited by a very high Coincidental-Accidental Ratio of >1900. The low coupling loss (3dB fiber-fiber) also allowed for operation with very low off-chip pump power of <200 mu W. In addition, the zero dispersion of the ring resonator resulted in the production of a photon-pair comb across multiple resonances symmetric about the pump resonance (every similar to 5nm spanning >20nm), which could be used in future wavelength division multiplexed quantum networks. C1 [Steidle, Jeffrey A.; Wang, Zihao; Preble, Stefan F.] Rochester Inst Technol, Microsyst Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Fanto, Michael L.; Tison, Christopher C.; Alsing, Paul M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Steidle, JA (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Microsyst Engn, 168 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-616-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9500 AR 950015 DI 10.1117/12.2177179 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1CK UT WOS:000357930800027 ER PT S AU Slinker, K Maschmann, M Kondash, C Severin, B Phillips, D Dickinson, BT Reich, G Baur, J AF Slinker, Keith Maschmann, Matthew Kondash, Corey Severin, Benjamin Phillips, David Dickinson, Benjamin T. Reich, Greg Baur, Jeff BE Lakhtakia, A Knez, M MartinPalma, RJ TI Variable Deflection Response of Sensitive CNT-on-Fiber Artificial Hair Sensors from CNT Synthesis in High Aspect Ratio Microcavities SO BIOINSPIRATION, BIOMIMETICS, AND BIOREPLICATION 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication CY MAR 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Opt Soc So Calif DE artificial hair; flow sensor; carbon nanotube synthesis ID ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; ARRAYS; FILMS AB Crickets, locusts, bats, and many other animals detect changes in their environment with distributed arrays of flow-sensitive hairs. Here we discuss the fabrication and characterization of a relatively new class of pore-based, artificial hair sensors that take advantage of the mechanical properties of structural microfibers and the electromechanical properties of self-aligned carbon nanotube arrays to rapidly transduce changes in low speed air flow. The radially aligned nanotubes are able to be synthesized along the length of the fibers inside the high aspect ratio cavity between the fiber surface and the wall of a microcapillary pore. The growth self-positions the fibers within the capillary and forms a conductive path between detection electrodes. As the hair is deflected, nanotubes are compressed to produce a typical resistance change of 1-5% per m/s of air speed which we believe are the highest sensitivities reported for air velocities less than 10 m/s. The quasi-static response of the sensors to point loads is compared to that from the distributed loads of air flow. A plane wave tube is used to measure their dynamic response when perturbed at acoustic frequencies. Correlation of the nanotube height profile inside the capillary to a diffusion transport model suggests that the nanotube arrays can be controllably tapered along the fiber. Like their biological counterparts, many applications can be envisioned for artificial hair sensors by tailoring their individual response and incorporating them into arrays for detecting spatio-temporal flow patterns over rigid surfaces such as aircraft. C1 [Slinker, Keith; Maschmann, Matthew; Kondash, Corey; Phillips, David; Baur, Jeff] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slinker, Keith; Maschmann, Matthew; Kondash, Corey] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Maschmann, Matthew] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Severin, Benjamin] Fed Republ Germany Liaison Off Def Mat USA Canada, Reston, VA USA. [Phillips, David] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Severin, Benjamin; Dickinson, Benjamin T.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Reich, Greg] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Slinker, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM keith.slinker.ctr@us.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-532-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9429 AR 942917 DI 10.1117/12.2085568 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics; Optics SC Materials Science; Robotics; Optics GA BD0IT UT WOS:000357257400025 ER PT S AU Harbour, SD Christensen, JC AF Harbour, Steven D. Christensen, James C. BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI A Neuroergonomic Quasi-Experiment: Predictors of Situation Awareness and Display Usability while Performing Complex Tasks SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX; and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Neuroergonomics; Situation Awareness; Workload; Displays; Heads Up Display; Visual Processing ID MENTAL WORKLOAD AB Situation awareness (SA) is the ability and capacity to perceive information and act on it acceptably. Head Up Display (HUD) versus Head Down Display (HDD) manipulation induced variation in task difficulty. HUD and HDD cockpit displays or display designs promoted or impaired SA. The quantitative research presented in this paper examines basic neurocognitive factors in order to identify their specific contributions to the formation of SA, while studying display usability and the effects on SA. Visual attentiveness (V-a), perceptiveness (V-p), and spatial working memory (V-swm) were assessed as predictors of SA under varying task difficulty. The study participants were 19 tactical airlift pilots, selected from the Ohio Air National Guard. Neurocognitive tests were administered to the participants prior to flight. In-flight SA was objectively and subjectively assessed for 24 flights. At the completion of this field experiment, the data were analyzed and the tests were statistically significant for the three predictor visual abilities Vp, Va, and Vswm as task difficulty was varied, F(3,11) = 8.125, p = .008. In addition, multiple regression analyses revealed that the visual abilities together predicted a majority of the variance in SA, R-2 = 0.753, p = .008. As validated and verified by ECG and EEG data, the HUD yielded a full ability and capacity to anticipate and accommodate trends were as the HDD yielded a saturated ability to anticipate and accommodate trends. Post-hoc tests revealed a Cohen's f(2) = 3.05 yielding statistical power to be 0.98. This work results in a significant contribution to the field by providing an improved understanding of SA and path to safer travel for society worldwide. PA 88ABW-2015-1282. C1 [Harbour, Steven D.] Air Force Life Cycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Christensen, James C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harbour, SD (reprint author), Air Force Life Cycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700G DI 10.1117/12.2180324 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100011 ER PT S AU McIntire, JP Havig, PR Pinkus, AR AF McIntire, John P. Havig, Paul R. Pinkus, Alan R. BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI A Guide for Human Factors Research with Stereoscopic 3D Displays SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE human factors; stereoscopy; depth perception; three-dimensional; spatial displays ID VISUAL DISCOMFORT; PERCEIVED DEPTH; DISPARITY; IMAGES; FUSION; PERCEPTION AB In this work, we provide some common methods, techniques, information, concepts, and relevant citations for those conducting human factors-related research with stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays. We give suggested methods for calculating binocular disparities, and show how to verify on-screen image separation measurements. We provide typical values for inter-pupillary distances that are useful in such calculations. We discuss the pros, cons, and suggested uses of some common stereovision clinical tests. We discuss the phenomena and prevalence rates of stereoanomalous, pseudo-stereoanomalous, stereo-deficient, and stereoblind viewers. The problems of eyestrain and fatigue-related effects from stereo viewing, and the possible causes, are enumerated. System and viewer crosstalk are defined and discussed, and the issue of stereo camera separation is explored. Typical binocular fusion limits are also provided for reference, and discussed in relation to zones of comfort. Finally, the concept of measuring disparity distributions is described. The implications of these issues for the human factors study of S3D displays are covered throughout. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Pinkus, Alan R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcintire.1@us.af.mil NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700A DI 10.1117/12.2176997 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100005 ER PT S AU Ludington, BT Brown, AP Sheffler, MJ Taylor, CN Berardi, S AF Ludington, Ben T. Brown, Andrew P. Sheffler, Michael J. Taylor, Clark N. Berardi, Stephen BE Pellechia, MF Palaniappan, K Doucette, PJ Dockstader, SL Seetharaman, G TI Incorporating structure from motion uncertainty into image-based pose estimation SO GEOSPATIAL INFORMATICS, FUSION, AND MOTION VIDEO ANALYTICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geospatial Informatics, Fusion, and Motion Video Analytics V CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Structure from motion; bundle adjustment; pose estimation; uncertainty AB A method for generating and utilizing structure from motion (SfM) uncertainty estimates within image-based pose estimation is presented. The method is applied to a class of problems in which SfM algorithms are utilized to form a geo-registered reference model of a particular ground area using imagery gathered during flight by a small unmanned aircraft. The model is then used to form camera pose estimates in near real-time from imagery gathered later. The resulting pose estimates can be utilized by any of the other onboard systems (e.g. as a replacement for GPS data) or downstream exploitation systems, e.g., image-based object trackers. However, many of the consumers of pose estimates require an assessment of the pose accuracy. The method for generating the accuracy assessment is presented. First, the uncertainty in the reference model is estimated. Bundle Adjustment (BA) is utilized for model generation. While the high-level approach for generating a covariance matrix of the BA parameters is straightforward, typical computing hardware is not able to support the required operations due to the scale of the optimization problem within BA. Therefore, a series of sparse matrix operations is utilized to form an exact covariance matrix for only the parameters that are needed at a particular moment. Once the uncertainty in the model has been determined, it is used to augment Perspective-n-Point pose estimation algorithms to improve the pose accuracy and to estimate the resulting pose uncertainty. The implementation of the described method is presented along with results including results gathered from flight test data. C1 [Ludington, Ben T.; Brown, Andrew P.; Sheffler, Michael J.] Toyon Res Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Berardi, Stephen] Northrop Grumman Corp, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. RP Ludington, BT (reprint author), Toyon Res Corp, 6800 Cortona Dr, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM bludington@toyon.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-589-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9473 AR 94730C DI 10.1117/12.2180276 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BD0SD UT WOS:000357635600010 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Tan, LS Park, SY AF Kim, Dong-Hun Tan, Loon-Seng Park, Soo-Young TI Preparation of water-dispersible graphene using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide monohydrate and its application for the preparation of nanocomposites using PEDOT SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE EXFOLIATION; SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-YIELD AB Solid-state powders of water-dispersible graphene (GPN) were prepared by treatment of methylmorpholine N-oxide monohydrate (NMMOm). Re-dispersion of GPN in water by simple sonication was successfully demonstrated using a highly concentrated aqueous GPN solution (0.284 mg mL(-1)) after centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 10 min. The produced GPN had the graphitic structure without defects, and its electrical conductivity was 94.7 S cm(-1), as measured from a filtered GPN film. The spin-coated thin film from the aqueous GPN solution exhibited a single-layered structure, which was examined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (with selective area electron diffraction). The GPN was also dispersible in polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran. The origin of good dispersity of GPN in polar solvents, including water, was discussed with reference to the high polar nature of NMMO. A nanocomposite system with a water-soluble poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was prepared on a glass substrate. A fourfold improvement in the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS without deterioration of transmittance was achieved by adding 1 wt% GPN. C1 [Kim, Dong-Hun; Park, Soo-Young] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Appl Chem Engn, Major Polymer Sci & Engn, Daegu 702701, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Appl Chem Engn, Major Polymer Sci & Engn, 1370 Sangyuk Dong, Daegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development through the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2011-0020264, NRF-2014R1A2A1A11050451] FX Financial support from the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development through the Air Force Research Laboratory and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2011-0020264, NRF-2014R1A2A1A11050451) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2015 VL 3 IS 27 BP 7105 EP 7117 DI 10.1039/c5tc00520e PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CM1CC UT WOS:000357416500021 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik BE Kadar, I TI Finding Context In a Complex World SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Context enhanced information fusion; DFIG modeling; big data AB Information fusion typically includes methods such as Bayesian and belief reasoning which utilizes a prior information and current measurements to update the state estimate. Thus, in one sense contextual information is everywhere through a prior information. On the other hand, there is so much data that finding the appropriate context to align with the measurement information is subject to many challenges and issues. The challenges associated with contextual reasoning include: (0) sub-object data assessment access, (1) object assessment models, (2) situation awareness comprehension, (2) impact assessment magnitude, (4) process refinement opportunity cost, (5) user refinement subjectivity, and (6) mission refinement attitudes. While these elements follow the traditional Data Fusion Information Group model, the challenge includes the complexity of the situation which provides an endless perspective of context processing. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700006 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Kadar, I Chong, C Jones, EK Tierno, JE Fenstermacher, L Gorman, JD Levchuk, G AF Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan Chong, Chee Jones, Eric K. Tierno, Jorge E. Fenstermacher, Laurie Gorman, John D. Levchuk, Georgiy BE Kadar, I TI Issues and Challenges of Information Fusion in Contested Environments: Panel Results SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Contested Environments; Information Fusion; Discovery; Social media; Communications; Situation Reconstruction ID SENSOR NETWORKS; CONFLICT; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; COOPERATION AB With the plethora of information, there are many aspects to contested environments such as the protection of information, network privacy, and restricted observational and entry access. In this paper, we review and contrast the perspectives of challenges and opportunities for future developments in contested environments. The ability to operate in a contested environment would aid societal operations for highly congested areas with limited bandwidth such as transportation, the lack of communication and observations after a natural disaster, or planning for situations in which freedom of movement is restricted. Different perspectives were presented, but common themes included (1) Domain: targets and sensors, (2) network: communications, control, and social networks, and (3) user: human interaction and analytics. The paper serves as a summary and organization of the panel discussion as towards future concerns for research needs in contested environments. C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA. [Jones, Eric K.] Syst & Technol Res, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Tierno, Jorge E.] Barnstorm Res Corp, Malden, MA 02148 USA. [Fenstermacher, Laurie] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gorman, John D.] DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Levchuk, Georgiy] Aptima, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 94740Q DI 10.1117/12.2177523 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700033 ER PT S AU Fenstermacher, L AF Fenstermacher, Laurie BE Kadar, I TI The Importance of the "emic" Perspective in Information Fusion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE "etic"; "emic"; perspective; information fusion; fusion; open source information; social media; meaning making; sensemaking; text analytics; discourse analysis; social identity; integrative complexity AB In order to conduct "full-spectrum cross-domain operations in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments around the globe"(1), it is important to provide decision makers with the information they need, from traditional and non-traditional sources (open source, social media). The information needs to be fused and presented in a way to maximally support meaning making about not only "what" is happening but also "why". To develop a more complete understanding of a current or future situation or event requires the ability to go beyond the fusion of "data", or even information, to the fusion of perspectives - the "etic", or third person, and "emic", or first person, perspectives. This is something that storytellers do naturally; for example, storytellers will often use first person when there is a strong protagonist or main character that they want the audience to focus on(2). When a reader gets "inside a character's head", they can gain an understanding of their motivations and worldview. Integration or fusion of "emic" information provides important clues/insights critically needed by analysts and decision makers for forecasting behavior and a more nuanced understanding of the situation and threat. AFRL has been engaged in research aimed at enabling meaning making based on the "emic" perspective from discourse (text from a variety of open sources, including social media) for several years. Early research focused on the development of multi-lingual methodologies (Arabic and Pashto), documented in primers transitioned to operational customers, including the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. The methodologies enable the detection and interpretation of the discourse patterns related to social identity (in-group/out-group)(3). Identification of these patterns enables forecasting of events (e.g., violence). Subsequent research developed methodologies to identify and interpret characteristic patterns or themes used to express or detect trust, trustworthiness in Farsi discourse and explored the link/influence between affect expressed in discourse and behaviors(4). Recent research has focused on the development of semiautomatic methods to assess intent based on discourse analysis, resulting in text analytic and forecasting algorithms based on discourse markers related to social identity and integrative complexity(5). "Etic" and "emic" are essentially different ways to view the same thing(6), a "stereoscopic window on the world."(7) In initial "fusion" experiments combining "etic" (events analysis) and "emic" information from discourse and sentiment analysis, the discourse markers were twice as powerful/accurate for forecasting violence as the previous forecasting "gold standard", event analysis. This provides confirmation of the value of integrating/fusing "emic" information and perspectives and provides the motivation for further research. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fenstermacher, L (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXM,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700007 ER PT S AU Fitch, JA Oxley, ME Kabban, CMS AF Fitch, James A. Oxley, Mark E. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert BE Kadar, I TI Optimal Fusion Rules for Multi-label Fusion of Independent Classification System Families SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Classification System Family; Label Fusion; ROC Function; ROC Manifold; Consistent Rules AB A classification system with M possible output labels (or decisions) will have M(M-1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. When multiple classification systems are fused, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to combine the individual ROC manifolds for each system into one ROC manifold. This paper will investigate the label fusion (also called decision fusion) of multiple classification system families (CSF) that have the same number of output labels. Boolean rules do not exist for multiple symbols, thus, we will derive Boolean-like rules as well as other rules that will yield label fusion rules. An M-label system will have M! consistent rules. The formula for the resultant ROC manifold of the fused classification system family which incorporates the individual classification system families will be derived. Specifically, given a label rule and two classification system families, the ROC manifold for the fused family is produced. We generate the formula for the Boolean-like AND ruled and give the resultant ROC manifold for the fused CSF. We show how the set of permutations of the label set is used to generate all of the consistent rules and how the permutation matrix is incorporated into a single formula for the ROC manifold. Examples will be given that demonstrate how each formula is used. C1 [Fitch, James A.; Oxley, Mark E.; Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.oxley@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 94740T DI 10.1117/12.2178883 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700035 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Garrett, JS Paul, TM Pantle, AJ AF Pinkus, Alan R. Garrett, James S. Paul, Tiffany M. Pantle, Allan J. BE Kadar, I TI Effects of the experimental manipulation of Fourier components of naturalistic imagery on search performance and eye-tracking behavior SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE visual search; eye fixations; naturalistic images; spatial filter; frequency-domain framework; visual analyzers ID VISUAL-SEARCH; ATTENTION; STIMULUS AB Historically, visual search experiments used artificial stimuli (simple shapes) as targets and distractors arranged in an imaginary array of cells on a blank background. Little research on search behavior has been conducted with naturalistic stimuli and a frequency-domain framework. With the common metric provided by Fourier analysis, it is possible to compare the effects of various frequency-domain components on search efficiency.(1) In the current study, we experimentally manipulated the spectral content of target and distractor (background) cells filled with spatially filtered segments of real-life scenes. Our experimental design included two types of spatial filters, orientation (some frequency overlap between target and distractor) and spatial frequency (no overlap), and uniform distractor (target and distractors filtered similarly) and mixed distractor (only half distractors filtered like the target) conditions. Generally, observers found the target more quickly and were more confident in their performance in the mixed condition. Observers were faster, more accurate, and more confident in the spatial filter condition than in the orientation filter condition. Overall, observers spent less time (fixation duration) and effort (fixation frequency) examining dissimilar distractors. The effect with the fixation frequency measure was magnified when the spatial frequency filter was used. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Garrett, James S.; Paul, Tiffany M.] Consortium Res Fellows Program, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Pantle, Allan J.] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 711 HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.pinkus@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 94740X DI 10.1117/12.2176597 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700039 ER PT S AU Smith, A Goley, S Vongsy, K Shaw, A Dierking, M AF Smith, Ashley Goley, Steve Vongsy, Karmon Shaw, Arnab Dierking, Matthew BE Kadar, I TI Effects of fundamental frequency normalization on vibration-based vehicle classification SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE feature extraction; accelerometers; vehicle classification; fundamental frequency AB Vibrometry offers the potential to classify a target based on its vibration spectrum. Signal processing is necessary for extracting features from the sensing signal for classification. This paper investigates the effects of fundamental frequency normalization on the end-to-end classification process [1]. Using the fundamental frequency, assumed to be the engine's firing frequency, has previously been used successfully to classify vehicles [2, 3]. The fundamental frequency attempts to remove the vibration variations due to the engine's revolution per minute (rpm) changes. Vibration signatures with and without fundamental frequency are converted to ten features that are classified and compared. To evaluate the classification performance confusion matrices are constructed and analyzed. A statistical analysis of the features is also performed to determine how the fundamental frequency normalization affects the features. These methods were studied on three datasets including three military vehicles and six civilian vehicles. Accelerometer data from each of these data collections is tested with and without normalization. C1 [Smith, Ashley; Shaw, Arnab] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Goley, Steve] Etegent Technol Ltd, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Vongsy, Karmon; Dierking, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM smith.1169@wright.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 94741A DI 10.1117/12.2180636 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700051 ER PT S AU Zheng, YF Blasch, E AF Zheng, Yufeng Blasch, Erik BE Kadar, I TI Cross-modal face recognition using multi-matcher face scores SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cross-modal face recognition; stereo fusion; face pattern byte (FPB); multispectral face recognition; score fusion; binomial logical regression ID FUSION AB The performance of face recognition can be improved using information fusion of multimodal images and/or multiple algorithms. When multimodal face images are available, cross-modal recognition is meaningful for security and surveillance applications. For example, a probe face is a thermal image (especially at nighttime), while only visible face images are available in the gallery database. Matching a thermal probe face onto the visible gallery faces requires cross-modal matching approaches. A few such studies were implemented in facial feature space with medium recognition performance. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal recognition approach, where multimodal faces are cross-matched in feature space and the recognition performance is enhanced with stereo fusion at image, feature and/or score level. In the proposed scenario, there are two cameras for stereo imaging, two face imagers (visible and thermal images) in each camera, and three recognition algorithms (circular Gaussian filter, face pattern byte, linear discriminant analysis). A score vector is formed with three cross-matched face scores from the aforementioned three algorithms. A classifier (e.g., k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, binomial logical regression [BLR]) is trained then tested with the score vectors by using 10-fold cross validations. The proposed approach was validated with a multispectral stereo face dataset from 105 subjects. Our experiments show very promising results: ACR (accuracy rate) = 97.84%, FAR (false accept rate) = 0.84% when cross-matching the fused thermal faces onto the fused visible faces by using three face scores and the BLR classifier. C1 [Zheng, Yufeng] Alcorn State Univ, Lorman, MS 39096 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Zheng, YF (reprint author), Alcorn State Univ, Lorman, MS 39096 USA. EM yzheng@alcorn.edu; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 947412 DI 10.1117/12.2176409 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700043 ER PT S AU Butler, SD Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA AF Butler, Samuel D. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Marciniak, Michael A. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Comparison of microfacet BRDF model elements to diffraction BRDF model elements SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE BRDF; hyperspectral; microfacet; diffraction; linear systems; remote sensing; scene generation ID SCATTERING-THEORY; SURFACES; REFLECTION AB A popular class of BRDF models is the microfacet model, where geometric optics is assumed, but where physical optics effects such as accurate wavelength scaling, important to Hyperspectral Imagery, are lost. More complex physical optics models may more accurately predict the BRDF, but the calculation is time-consuming. These seemingly disparate approaches are compared in detail. The linear systems direction cosine space is compared to microfacet coordinates, and the microfacet models Fresnel reflection in microfacet coordinates is compared to diffraction theory's Fresnel-like term. Similarities and differences between these terms are highlighted to merge these two approaches to the BRDF. C1 [Butler, Samuel D.; Nauyoks, Stephen E.; Marciniak, Michael A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Butler, SD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sbutler@afit.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 94720C DI 10.1117/12.2177221 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800011 ER PT S AU Morman, CJ Meola, J AF Morman, Christopher J. Meola, Joseph BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Incorporating signal-dependent noise for hyperspectral target detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; target detection; sensor noise ID IMAGES AB The majority of hyperspectral target detection algorithms are developed from statistical data models employing stationary background statistics or white Gaussian noise models. Stationary background models are inaccurate as a result of two separate physical processes. First, varying background classes often exist in the imagery that possess different clutter statistics. Many algorithms can account for this variability through the use of subspaces or clustering techniques. The second physical process, which is often ignored, is a signal-dependent sensor noise term. For photon counting sensors that are often used in hyperspectral imaging systems, sensor noise increases as the measured signal level increases as a result of Poisson random processes. This work investigates the impact of this sensor noise on target detection performance. A linear noise model is developed describing sensor noise variance as a linear function of signal level. The linear noise model is then incorporated for detection of targets using data collected at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. C1 [Morman, Christopher J.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Meola, Joseph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morman, CJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 94720M DI 10.1117/12.2176391 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800021 ER PT J AU Ge, W Fu, ZP Li, XN Wang, JL Zhu, Z Liu, M Peng, RR Lu, YL AF Ge, Wen Fu, Zhengping Li, Xiaoning Wang, Jianlin Zhu, Zhu Liu, Min Peng, Ranran Lu, Yalin TI Optimizing the photocatalysis in ferromagnetic Bi6Fe1.9Co0.1Ti3O18 nanocrystal by morphology control SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INDEX FACETS; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3 NANOPARTICLES; SIZE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; MICROCRYSTALS; WATER; TEMPERATURE AB Size and morphology are critical to monitoring the properties of nanocrystals. In this work, Bi6Fe1.9Co0.1Ti3O18 (BFCTO) nanocrystals, which are a visible-light active photocatalyst with room temperature ferromagnetism, were successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal process. Furthermore, the morphology dependent magnetism and band gap of the BFCTO-1.00/BFCTO-1.50/BFCTO-2.00 nanocrystals are studied by adjusting the NaOH concentration to 1.00 M/1.50 M/2.00 M in the hydrothermal process, respectively. As the {117} facet ratio increases, the absorption edge has an obvious red-shift by 32 nm and the corresponding bandgap is reduced from 2.58 to 2.42 eV. Remarkably, the specific surface area normalized degradation rate of BFCTO-1.50 was considerably higher than those of BFCTO-1.00 and BFCTO-2.00 due to the optimal ratio of {001} and {117} facets. C1 [Ge, Wen; Fu, Zhengping; Li, Xiaoning; Wang, Jianlin; Zhu, Zhu; Liu, Min; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Liu, Min; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06]; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation [1408085QE84]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK 2060140014]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922001), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. KGZD-EW-T06) Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085QE84), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK 2060140014). Dr Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 67 BP 54165 EP 54170 DI 10.1039/c5ra07435e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CL3QN UT WOS:000356865500024 ER PT S AU Vaughan, SL Mills, RF Grimaila, MR Peterson, GL Oxley, ME Dube, MTE Rogers, SK AF Vaughan, Sandra L. Mills, Robert F. Grimaila, Michael R. Peterson, Gilbert L. Oxley, Mark E. Dube, Maj Thomas E. Rogers, Steven K. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI QuEST for malware type-classification SO CYBER SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Abductive Logic; Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Modeling; Cyber; Polyhedral Dynamics; Q-Analysis; Qualia Space; Situation Awareness; Hypernetworks ID INTEGRATED INFORMATION; DECISION-MAKING; CONSCIOUSNESS; COGNITION; LANGUAGE AB Current cyber-related security and safety risks are unprecedented, due in no small part to information overload and skilled cyber-analyst shortages. Advances in decision support and Situation Awareness (SA) tools are required to support analysts in risk mitigation. Inspired by human intelligence, research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computational Intelligence (CI) have provided successful engineering solutions in complex domains including cyber. Current AI approaches aggregate large volumes of data to infer the general from the particular, i.e. inductive reasoning (pattern-matching) and generally cannot infer answers not previously programmed. Whereas humans, rarely able to reason over large volumes of data, have successfully reached the top of the food chain by inferring situations from partial or even partially incorrect information, i.e. abductive reasoning (pattern-completion); generating a hypothetical explanation of observations. In order to achieve an engineering advantage in computational decision support and SA we leverage recent research in human consciousness, the role consciousness plays in decision making, modeling the units of subjective experience which generate consciousness, qualia. This paper introduces a novel computational implementation of a Cognitive Modeling Architecture (CMA) which incorporates concepts of consciousness. We apply our model to the malware type-classification task. The underlying methodology and theroies are generalizable to many domains. C1 [Vaughan, Sandra L.; Mills, Robert F.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Oxley, Mark E.; Dube, Maj Thomas E.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, Steven K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Vaughan, SL (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Sandra.Vaughan@afit.edu; Robert.Mills@AFIT.edu; Michael.Grimaila@AFIT.edu; Gilbert.Peterson@AFIT.edu; Mark.Oxley@AFIT.edu; Thomas.Dube@AFIT.edu; Steven.Rogers@us.af.mil NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-574-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9458 AR 945807 DI 10.1117/12.2176861 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC9NR UT WOS:000356673200005 ER PT S AU Yuan, XH Ternovskiy, I AF Yuan, Xiaohui Ternovskiy, Igor BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Improved Image Reconstruction from Sub-apertures of Circular Spotlight SAR SO CYBER SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID RADAR AB Reconstructing images from SAR returns is usually a time consuming task. In addition it is often desired to use as many returns as possible to achieve better image quality. However, the high computational resources demand by the conventional methods hinders the reconstruction process. In this article, we propose a simple method to reconstruct SAR image that is built upon the back-projection algorithm using multiple sub-aperture imagery to attain both greater processing efficiency and improved image quality. Instead of aggregating all the available pulses into one single image following the back-projection algorithm, our proposed method creates multiple SAR image reconstructions from a relatively small number of pulses to exploit variations in sub-aperture views of the scene. The heterogeneity among these sub-aperture views exhibits an exceptional difference between various objects and presents a reconstruction with much less noise. Our proposed method is evaluated with circular spotlight GOTCHA data sets and it demonstrates much improved computational performance and image quality compared to the conventional back-projection algorithm. C1 [Yuan, Xiaohui] Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76210 USA. [Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yuan, XH (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76210 USA. EM xiaohui.yuan@unt.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-574-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9458 AR 945802 DI 10.1117/12.2179524 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC9NR UT WOS:000356673200001 ER PT S AU Rasberry, RD Rohr, GD Miller, WK Udd, E Blach, NT Davis, RA Olson, WR Calkins, D Roach, AR Walsh, DS McElhanon, JR AF Rasberry, Roger D. Rohr, Garth D. Miller, William K. Udd, Eric Blach, Noah T. Davis, Ryan A. Olson, Walter R. Calkins, David Roach, Allen R. Walsh, David S. McElhanon, James R. BE Pickrell, G Udd, E Du, HH TI Interrogating adhesion using fiber Bragg grating sensing technology SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XII CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fiber Bragg grating; chirped; adhesion; epoxy; encapsulation; interface ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; STRAIN SENSOR; JOINTS; THERMOSET; EPOXY; MODEL AB The assurance of the integrity of adhesive bonding at substrate interfaces is paramount to the longevity and sustainability of encapsulated components. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to non-destructively evaluate these materials to determine the adequacy of bonding after manufacturing and then later in service. A particularly difficult problem in this regard is the reliable detection/monitoring of regions of weak bonding that may result from poor adhesion or poor cohesive strength, or degradation in service. One promising and perhaps less explored avenue we have recently begun to investigate for this purpose centers on the use of (chirped) fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. In this scenario, a grating is patterned into a fiber optic such that a (broadband) spectral reflectance is observed. The sensor is highly sensitive to local and uniform changes across the length of the grating. Initial efforts to evaluate this approach for measuring adhesive bonding defects at substrate interfaces are discussed. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. C1 [Rasberry, Roger D.; Rohr, Garth D.; Miller, William K.; Davis, Ryan A.; Olson, Walter R.; Calkins, David; Roach, Allen R.; Walsh, David S.; McElhanon, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Udd, Eric] Columbia Gorge Res LLC, Fairview, OR 97024 USA. [Blach, Noah T.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rasberry, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-596-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9480 AR 948007 DI 10.1117/12.2177701 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AJ UT WOS:000357019100006 ER PT J AU Teeslink, TS Torres, D Ebel, JL Sepulveda, N Anagnostou, DE AF Teeslink, Tarron S. Torres, David Ebel, John L. Sepulveda, Nelson Anagnostou, Dimitris E. TI Reconfigurable Bowtie Antenna Using Metal-Insulator Transition in Vanadium Dioxide SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna; bowtie antenna; metal-insulator materials; metal-insulator transition; phase change materials; reconfigurable antennas; vanadium dioxide (VO2) AB A new method to reconfigure, tune or program an antenna is presented and validated through a fabricated proof-of-concept prototype. The method relies on the changing electrical properties of a smart material, vanadium dioxide (VO2), across its solid-to-solid phase transition. The phase change in the material is induced thermally. The developed device is a monolithically integrated VO2-based antenna that changes resonant frequency on demand. Details and challenges related to the design, fabrication and integration of VO2 thin films with antennas, as well as the measurement setup, are discussed. Measurement results match well with theory and simulations. Results unveil a new technique for reconfiguring antennas and suggest further studies and improvements could lead to more exciting results and make vanadium dioxide thin-films an alternate solution for multi-functional antennas. This work is the first prototype to implement this new reconfiguration mechanism in antennas in the gigahertz range and to present results during the VO2 metal-to-insulator phase transition. C1 [Teeslink, Tarron S.; Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Torres, David; Sepulveda, Nelson] Michigan State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Ebel, John L.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Teeslink, TS (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Tarron.Teeslink@Mines.sdsmt.edu; torresd5@egr.msu.edu; john.ebel@us.af.mil; nelsons@egr.msu.edu; danagn@sdsmt.edu RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-1310400, ECS-1310257] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-1310400 and Grant ECS-1310257. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2015 VL 14 BP 1381 EP 1384 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2407858 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CL2KP UT WOS:000356772900003 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Shen, D Pham, KD Chen, GS AF Blasch, Erik Shen, Dan Pham, Khanh D. Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Review of Game Theory Applications for Situation Awareness SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Situational awareness; Game Theory; Sensor management; software architectures ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; NETWORKS; FUSION AB Game theoretical methods have been used for spectral awareness, space situational awareness (SSA), cyber situational awareness (CSA), and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance situation awareness (ISA). Each of these cases, awareness is supported by sensor estimation for assessment and the situation is determined from the actions of multiple players. Game theory assumes rational actors in a defined scenario; however, variations in social, cultural and behavioral factors include the dynamic nature of the context. In a dynamic data-driven application system (DDDAS), modeling must include both the measurements but also how models are used by different actors with different priorities. In this paper, we highlight the applications of game theory by reviewing the literature to determine the current state of the art and future needs. Future developments would include building towards knowledge awareness with information technology (e.g., data aggregation, access, indexing); multiscale analysis (e.g., space, time, and frequency), and software methods (e.g., architectures, cloud computing, protocols). C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690I DI 10.1117/12.2177531 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000017 ER PT S AU Catrambone, J Amzovski, I Liang, PP Blasch, E Sheaff, C Wang, ZH Chen, GS Ling, HB AF Catrambone, Joseph Amzovski, Ismail Liang, Pengpeng Blasch, Erik Sheaff, Carolyn Wang, Zhonghai Chen, Genshe Ling, Haibin BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI A Benchmark for Vehicle Detection on Wide Area Motion Imagery SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Wide-Area Motion Imagery; Benchmark; Vehicle detection; Vehicle tracking AB Wide area motion imagery (WAMI) has been attracting an increased amount of research attention due to its large spatial and temporal coverage. An important application includes moving target analysis, where vehicle detection is often one of the first steps before advanced activity analysis. While there exist many vehicle detection algorithms, a thorough evaluation of them on WAMI data still remains a challenge mainly due to the lack of an appropriate benchmark data set. In this paper, we address a research need by presenting a new benchmark for wide area motion imagery vehicle detection data. The WAMI benchmark is based on the recently available Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB09) dataset and the Temple Resolved Uncertainty Target History (TRUTH) associated target annotation. Trajectory annotations were provided in the original release of the WPAFB09 dataset, but detailed vehicle annotations were not available with the dataset. In addition, annotations of static vehicles, e.g., in parking lots, are also not identified in the original release. Addressing these issues, we re-annotated the whole dataset with detailed information for each vehicle, including not only a target's location, but also its pose and size. The annotated WAMI data set should be useful to community for a common benchmark to compare WAMI detection, tracking, and identification methods. C1 [Catrambone, Joseph; Amzovski, Ismail; Liang, Pengpeng; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Sheaff, Carolyn] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Catrambone, J (reprint author), Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM pliang@temple.edu; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; carolyn.sheaff@us.af.mil; zwang@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; hbling@temple.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690F DI 10.1117/12.2178535 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000014 ER PT S AU Jia, B Shen, D Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Jia, Bin Shen, Dan Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Distributed Sensor Management for Space Situational Awareness via a Negotiation Game SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Target Tracking; Sensor management; Space situational awareness; Negotiation game ID TRACKING; TARGET AB Space situational awareness (SSA) is critical to many space missions serving weather analysis, communications, and navigation. However, the number of sensors used in space situational awareness is limited which hinders collision avoidance prediction, debris assessment, and efficient routing. Hence, it is critical to use such sensor resources efficiently. In addition, it is desired to develop the SSA sensor management algorithm in a distributed manner. In this paper, a distributed sensor management approach using the negotiation game (NG-DSM) is proposed for the SSA. Specifically, the proposed negotiation game is played by each sensor and its neighboring sensors. The bargaining strategies are developed for each sensor based on negotiating for accurately tracking desired targets (e.g., satellite, debris, etc.). The proposed NG-DSM method is tested in a scenario which includes eight space objects and three different sensor modalities which include a space based optical sensor, a ground radar, or a ground Electro-Optic sensor. The geometric relation between the sensor, the Sun, and the space object is also considered. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NG-DSM sensor management methods, which facilitates an application of multiple-sensor multiple-target tracking for space situational awareness. C1 [Jia, Bin; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690K DI 10.1117/12.2177958 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000019 ER PT S AU Nystrom, E Murray-Krezan, J AF Nystrom, Emily Murray-Krezan, Jeremy BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Distributions of Debris as Measured by the NASA-WISE Instrument SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space Domain Awareness; Space Control; Infrared imaging; Space-Based Sensing; Sensor Performance; Space Debris; Space Environmental Hazards AB From December 2009 thru 2011 the NASA Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) gathered radiometrically exquisite measurements of debris in near Earth orbits, adding substantially to the current catalog of known debris. Assuming grey-body emissivity, the apparent size of debris objects may be inferred from that data. This report describes a general model for debris size distributed near the GEO belt. Linear and nonlinear regression models were fit to data from the WISE orbital debris catalog. Using those results we estimate the sensitivity of the instrument to detection of small debris objects near the GEO belt. C1 [Nystrom, Emily] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29636 USA. [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nystrom, E (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29636 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690L DI 10.1117/12.2178212 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000020 ER PT S AU Sease, B Murphy, T Flewelling, B Holzinger, MJ Black, J AF Sease, Brad Murphy, Timothy Flewelling, Brien Holzinger, Marcus J. Black, Jonathan BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Enabling Direct Feedback Between Initial Orbit Determination and Sensor Data Processing for Detection and Tracking of Space Objects SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space Situational Awareness; Image Processing; Orbit Determination ID CATALOG AB This paper presents an automatic RSO detection and tracking scheme operating at the optical sensor system level. The software presented is a pipeline for processing ground or space-based imagery built from several subalgorithms which processes raw or calibrated imagery, detects and discriminates non-star objects, and associates observations over time. An orbit determination routine uses an admissible region to start off an unscented particle filter. This preliminary orbit estimate allows prediction of the appearance of the object in the next frame. A matched filter uses this imagery to provide feedback to the initial detection and tracking process. C1 [Sease, Brad; Black, Jonathan] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Murphy, Timothy; Holzinger, Marcus J.] Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA USA. [Flewelling, Brien] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sease, B (reprint author), Virginia Tech, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690M DI 10.1117/12.2181980 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000021 ER PT S AU Tian, X Chen, GS Martin, T Chang, KC Nguyen, T Pham, K Blasch, E AF Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe Martin, Todd Chang, K. C. Tien Nguyen Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Multi-entity Bayesian network for the handling of uncertainties in SATCOM Links SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SATCOM; Cognitive Radio; uncertainties; Multi-Entity Bayesian Network (MEBN); link budget analysis; waveform selection; modulation and coding ID RADIO AB Accurate prediction of satellite communications (SATCOM) data link loss is critical for SATCOM systems to effectively achieve required Quality of Service (QoS) and link availability. A major challenge is to account for various sources of uncertainties (such as atmospheric loss, rain loss, depolarization loss, pointing offset loss, etc.,) and their impacts on the aggregated link loss. This paper investigates the use of Bayesian Network (BN) for acquiring accurate SATCOM link loss estimation and link budget analysis over various modulation and coding schemes. Based on the proposed BN models, a SATCOM Bayesian Network Analysis toolbox has been developed to support link budget analysis and decision making for robust SATCOM applications. C1 [Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Martin, Todd; Chang, K. C.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tien Nguyen] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690B DI 10.1117/12.2190854 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000010 ER PT S AU Wang, G Chen, GS Shen, D Pham, K Blasch, E Nguyen, TM AF Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Nguyen, Tien M. BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Multi-Carrier Transmission for Hybrid Radio Frequency with Optical Wireless Communications SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radio frequency; optical wireless communications; on-off keying; OFDM; PAPR; frequency-selective fading channel; bit error rate AB Radio frequency (RF) wireless communication is reaching its capacity to support large data rate transmissions due to hardware constraints (e.g., silicon processes), software strategies (e.g., information theory), and consumer desire for timely large file exchanges (e.g., big data and mobile cloud computing). A high transmission rate performance must keep pace with the generated huge volumes of data for real-time processing. Integrated RF and optical wireless communications (RF/OWC) could be the next generation transmission technology to satisfy both the increased data rate exchange and the communications constraints. However, with the promising benefits of RF/OWC, challenges remain to fully develop hybrid RF with wireless optical communications such as uniform waveform design for information transmission and detection. In this paper, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme, which widely employed in RF communications, is developed for optical communications. The traditional high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OFDM is reduced to improve system performance. The proposed multi-carrier waveform is evaluated with a frequency-selective fading channel. The results demonstrate that bit error rate (BER) performance of our proposed optical OFDM transmission technique outperforms the traditional OWC on-off keying (OOK) transmission scheme. C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Nguyen, Tien M.] Aerosp Corp, Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690C DI 10.1117/12.2177544 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000011 ER PT S AU Wang, ZH Lin, XP Cumber, S Fish, EJ Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS Shen, D Jia, B Wang, G AF Wang, Zhonghai Lin, Xingping Cumber, Steven Fish, Ensign John Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Jia, Bin Wang, Gang BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI A TDMA MIMO SAR Radar for Automated Position-keeping SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE MIMO; LFMCW; SAR; TDMA; Range scanning; Switch ID SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a time division multiple access (TDMA) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with a sliding range window for automated position-keeping, which can be applied in vessel tracking/escorting, offshore deepwater drillship equipment servicing, etc. A MIMO SAR sensor predefines a special part of the target (i.e., the drillship, ship, or submarine) as the measurement target and does not need special assistant devices/targets installed on the target vessel/platform, so its application is convenient. In the measurement process, the sensor scans the target with multiple ranging gates, forms images of multiple sections of the target, detects the predefined part/target in these images, and then obtains the range and angle of the predefined target for relative localization. Our MIMO SAR has 13 transmitting antennas and 8 receiving antennas. All transmitting antennas share a transmitter and all receiving antennas share a receiver using switches to reduce cost. The MIMO SAR radar has 44 effective SAR phase centers, and the azimuth angle resolution is theta(0.5)/44 (finest, theta(0.5) is the antenna element's 3dB beamwidth). The transmitter transmits a chirped linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) signal, and the receiver only processes the signal limited in the beat frequency region defined by the distance from the measurement target to the sensor and the interested measurement target extension, which is determined by the receiver bandwidth. With the sliding range window, the sensor covers a large range, and in the covered range window, it provides high accuracy measurements. C1 [Wang, Zhonghai; Lin, Xingping; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Jia, Bin; Wang, Gang] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Cumber, Steven; Fish, Ensign John] Navy Strateg Syst Programs, Washington Navy Yard, DC USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 94690E DI 10.1117/12.2177546 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000013 ER PT S AU Wei, SX Shen, D Ge, LQ Yu, W Blasch, EP Pham, KD Chen, GS AF Wei, Sixiao Shen, Dan Ge, Linqiang Yu, Wei Blasch, Erik P. Pham, Khanh D. Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Secured Network Sensor-based Defense System SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Network Sensor Based System; Temporal-based Pseudorandom Ordering; Spatial-based Pseudorandom Ordering; Attack Accuracy AB Network sensor-based defense (NSD) systems have been widely used to defend against cyber threats. Nonetheless, if the adversary finds ways to identify the location of monitor sensors, the effectiveness of NSD systems can be reduced. In this paper, we propose both temporal and spatial perturbation based defense mechanisms to secure NSD systems and make the monitor sensor invisible to the adversary. The temporal-perturbation based defense manipulates the timing information of published data so that the probability of successfully recognizing monitor sensors can be reduced. The spatial-perturbation based defense dynamically redeploys monitor sensors in the network so that the adversary cannot obtain the complete information to recognize all of the monitor sensors. We carried out experiments using real-world traffic traces to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed defense mechanisms. Our data shows that our proposed defense mechanisms can reduce the attack accuracy of recognizing detection sensors. C1 [Wei, Sixiao; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, New York, NY 13444 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 946909 DI 10.1117/12.2179282 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000008 ER PT S AU Zhang, HL Wei, SX Ge, LQ Shen, D Yu, W Blasch, EP Pham, KD Chen, GS AF Zhang, Hanlin Wei, Sixiao Ge, Linqiang Shen, Dan Yu, Wei Blasch, Erik P. Pham, Khanh D. Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Towards An Integrated Defense System for Cyber Security Situation Awareness Experiment SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cyber Situation Awareness; Network Sensor; Dynamic Firewall; Front-end Web AB In this paper, an implemented defense system is demonstrated to carry out cyber security situation awareness. The developed system consists of distributed passive and active network sensors designed to effectively capture suspicious information associated with cyber threats, effective detection schemes to accurately distinguish attacks, and network actors to rapidly mitigate attacks. Based on the collected data from network sensors, image-based and signals-based detection schemes are implemented to detect attacks. To further mitigate attacks, deployed dynamic firewalls on hosts dynamically update detection information reported from the detection schemes and block attacks. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system. A future plan to design an effective defense system is also discussed based on system theory. C1 [Wei, Sixiao; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Zhang, Hanlin; Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, New York, NY 13444 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com OI Zhang, Hanlin/0000-0001-8869-6863 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 946908 DI 10.1117/12.2177970 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000007 ER PT J AU Saremi, M Barnaby, HJ Edwards, A Kozicki, MN AF Saremi, M. Barnaby, H. J. Edwards, A. Kozicki, M. N. TI Analytical Relationship between Anion Formation and Carrier-Trap Statistics in Chalcogenide Glass Films SO ECS ELECTROCHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; VITREOUS CHALCOGENIDES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; MEMORY DEVICES; SWITCH; SEMICONDUCTORS; MEMRISTORS; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB An analytical mapping for electron trapping in chalcogenide glass (ChG) films is derived which equates anion formation (dissolution) reactions and carrier-trap statistics. Glass binaries composed of chalcogen atoms contain high densities of negative charge that result from chemical reactions involving free electrons. This process of anion formation and dissolution between an electron and a neutral species is shown to be equivalent to standard models for carrier statistics. The derived equivalence reduces chemical reaction equations into statistics calculations performed through conventional semiconductor device simulation. The proposed mapping is shown to be valid for both equilibrium and steady state photogeneration conditions. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Saremi, M.; Barnaby, H. J.; Kozicki, M. N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Saremi, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM msaremi1@asu.edu OI Saremi, Mehdi/0000-0001-5041-5886 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-11-1-0055]; Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE [FA9452-13-1-0288] FX This work was funded in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grant no. HDTRA1-11-1-0055 and the Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE under grant no. FA9452-13-1-0288. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8726 EI 2162-8734 J9 ECS ELECTROCHEM LETT JI ECS Electrochem. Lett. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 7 BP H29 EP H31 DI 10.1149/2.0061507eel PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CK9EK UT WOS:000356543200009 ER PT S AU Lee, DA Vedral, JL Smith, DA Musselman, RL Pinchuk, AO AF Lee, David A. Vedral, James L. Smith, David A. Musselman, Randall L. Pinchuk, Anatoliy O. BE Kuzmiak, V Markos, P Szoplik, T TI Infrared Imaging of Microwave Negative Index Metamaterials SO METAMATERIALS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th SPIE Conference on Metamaterials CY APR 15-16, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Negative Index Materials; Metamaterials; Infrared; Microwave AB Microwave negative index metamaterials have been recently characterized by using primarily far-field transmission of flat slabs and wedges to determine transmission losses and index of refraction, respectively. Although these methods are adequate for most purposes, a more complete characterization of spatial transmission is useful to analyze metamaterials in 3-D, for examples, to characterize irregular forms of metamaterials, such as gradients, prisms, and conformal surfaces. We report here the infrared imaging of the transmitted intensity of microwave electromagnetic waves through a prism of the negative index metamaterials. C1 [Lee, David A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Vedral, James L.; Smith, David A.; Pinchuk, Anatoliy O.] Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lee, DA (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, 801 LeRoy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-623-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9502 AR 95020K DI 10.1117/12.2178611 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9MG UT WOS:000356617400011 ER PT S AU Vedral, JL Lee, DA Musselman, RL Pinchuk, AO AF Vedral, James L. Lee, David A. Musselman, Randall L. Pinchuk, Anatoliy O. BE Kuzmiak, V Markos, P Szoplik, T TI Polarization-Dependent Transmission through Microwave Metamaterials SO METAMATERIALS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th SPIE Conference on Metamaterials CY APR 15-16, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE AB We present experimental results on angle-dependent microwave response of the double negative microwave metamaterials. Polarization and angle-dependent transmission spectra of two microwave negative index metamaterials were measured. Two sets of S-shape single unit cells were designed for the 12.5 GHz and 20 GHz frequency ranges. Transmission spectra were measured as a function of polarization and incidence angles of the incoming electromagnetic waves. C1 [Vedral, James L.; Pinchuk, Anatoliy O.] Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Vedral, James L.] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lee, David A.; Musselman, Randall L.] Mitre Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. RP Vedral, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-623-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9502 AR UNSP 95020X DI 10.1117/12.2178992 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9MG UT WOS:000356617400019 ER PT J AU Ware, TH White, TJ AF Ware, T. H. White, T. J. TI Programmed liquid crystal elastomers with tunable actuation strain SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMERS; NETWORKS; SYSTEMS; LIGHT; DRIVEN AB The ability to program the local mechanical response of liquid crystalline polymer networks has been shown to generate complex mechanical responses. A facile two-step method to synthesize these anisotropic materials to realize either reversible or irreversible shape change behavior is reported. The first reaction is the addition of a nematic diacrylate to a primary amine to build macromers within a liquid crystal alignment cell. Subsequently, these macromers are crosslinked to trap the order of the liquid crystal into a crosslinked film. In unaligned samples, mechanical reorientation of the nematic director is used to isothermally program shapes at room temperature that can be recovered on heating. Under a load, the mechanically aligned materials exhibit tensile actuation behavior comparable to human skeletal muscle in stroke and specific work capacity. We also report spatially aligned films that reversibly morph from flat to a complex 3D shape with tunable strain from 3% to 55%. C1 [Ware, T. H.; White, T. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, T. H.] Azimuth Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017 OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 EI 1759-9962 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 26 BP 4835 EP 4844 DI 10.1039/c5py00640f PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CL1JZ UT WOS:000356700100017 ER PT S AU Yu, LY Jata, KV AF Yu, Lingyu Jata, Kumar V. BE Shull, PJ TI Review and Study of Physics Driven Pitting Corrosion Modeling in 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloys SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE pitting corrosion; physics based modeling; aluminum alloy; material degradation ID FATIGUE LIFE; PREDICTION AB Material degradation due to corrosion and corrosion fatigue has been recognized to significantly affect the airworthiness of civilian and military aircraft, especially for the current fleet of airplanes that have served beyond their initial design life. The ability to predict the corrosion damage development in aircraft components and structures, therefore, is of great importance in managing timely maintenance for the aging aircraft vehicles and in assisting the design of new ones. The assessment of aircraft corrosion and its influence on fatigue life relies on appropriate quantitative models that can evaluate the initiation of the corrosion as well as the accumulation during the period of operation. Beyond the aircraft regime, corrosion has also affected the maintenance, safety and reliability of other systems such as nuclear power systems, steam and gas turbines, marine structures and so on. In the work presented in this paper, we reviewed and studied several physics based pitting corrosion models that have been reported in the literature. The classic work of particle induced pitting corrosion by Wei and Harlow is reviewed in detail. Two types of modeling, a power law based simplified model and a microstructure based model, are compared for 2024-T3 alloy. Data from literatures are used as model inputs. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for future work. C1 [Yu, Lingyu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yu, LY (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM yu3@cec.sc.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 94372E DI 10.1117/12.2086274 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000064 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Cuevas, KG Wang, L Xue, CM Singh, G Kumar, S Urbas, A Li, Q AF Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G. Wang, Ling Xue, Chenming Singh, Gautam Kumar, Satyendra Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Near infrared light-driven liquid crystal phase transition enabled by hydrophobic mesogen grafted plasmonic gold nanorods SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; AZOBENZENE AB Light-driven phase transition in liquid crystals is a fascinating endeavour from both scientific and technological points of view. Here we demonstrate the proof-of-principle that the photothermal effect of organo-soluble plasmonic gold nanorods can introduce the phase transition of thermotropic liquid crystals upon near infrared laser irradiation. Interestingly, the reverse process occurs when the laser is switched off. C1 [Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G.; Wang, Ling; Xue, Chenming; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Singh, Gautam; Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9950-09-1-0254]; National Science Foundation award under U.S. Ireland RD Program [DMR-1410649]; CONACyT Scholarship [211982]; Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials FX The support of this research by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9950-09-1-0254), the National Science Foundation award#DMR-1410649 under the U.S. Ireland R&D Program, and the CONACyT Scholarship 211982 is gratefully acknowledged. The TEM data were obtained at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 48 BP 9845 EP 9848 DI 10.1039/c5cc02127h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CJ6VA UT WOS:000355631700020 PM 25989830 ER PT S AU Blackford, EB Estepp, JR AF Blackford, Ethan B. Estepp, Justin R. BE Gimi, B Molthen, RC TI Effects of frame rate and image resolution on pulse rate measured using multiple camera imaging photoplethysmography SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2015: BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR, STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging - Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging CY FEB 24-26, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, ALIO Ind, Alpin Med Syst, Modus Med Devices Inc, Bruker DE imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG); non-contact photoplethysmography (ncPPG); pulse rate (PR); vital sign measurement; multiple camera; frame rate; imager resolution; blind source separation (BSS) ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; HEART-RATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; DERMAL PERFUSION; NONCONTACT; CONTACT; WEBCAM AB Non-contact, imaging photoplethysmography uses cameras to facilitate measurements including pulse rate, pulse rate variability, respiration rate, and blood perfusion by measuring characteristic changes in light absorption at the skin's surface resulting from changes in blood volume in the superficial microvasculature. Several factors may affect the accuracy of the physiological measurement including imager frame rate, resolution, compression, lighting conditions, image background, participant skin tone, and participant motion. Before this method can gain wider use outside basic research settings, its constraints and capabilities must be well understood. Recently, we presented a novel approach utilizing a synchronized, nine-camera, semicircular array backed by measurement of an electrocardiogram and fingertip reflectance photoplethysmogram. Twenty-five individuals participated in six, five-minute, controlled head motion artifact trials in front of a black and dynamic color backdrop. Increasing the input channel space for blind source separation using the camera array was effective in mitigating error from head motion artifact. Herein we present the effects of lower frame rates at 60 and 30 (reduced from 120) frames per second and reduced image resolution at 329x246 pixels (one-quarter of the original 658x492 pixel resolution) using bilinear and zero-order downsampling. This is the first time these factors have been examined for a multiple imager array and align well with previous findings utilizing a single imager. Examining windowed pulse rates, there is little observable difference in mean absolute error or error distributions resulting from reduced frame rates or image resolution, thus lowering requirements for systems measuring pulse rate over sufficient length time windows. C1 [Blackford, Ethan B.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Estepp, Justin R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackford, EB (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 2875 Presidential Dr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM Ethan.Blackford.ctr@us.af.mil; Justin.Estepp@us.af.mil NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-507-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9417 AR 94172D DI 10.1117/12.2083940 PG 14 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BC8GL UT WOS:000355665600079 ER PT S AU Nehmetallah, G Banerjee, P Khoury, J AF Nehmetallah, Georges Banerjee, Partha Khoury, Jed BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Simulation of Pattern and Defect Detection in Periodic Amplitude and Phase Structures using Photorefractive Four-Wave Mixing SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVI CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Pattern recognition; defect detection; photorefractive material ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB The nonlinearity inherent in four-wave mixing in photorefractive (PR) materials is used for adaptive filtering. Examples include script enhancement on a periodic pattern, scratch and defect cluster enhancement, periodic pattern dislocation enhancement, etc. through intensity filtering image manipulation. Organic PR materials have large space-bandwidth product, which makes them useful in adaptive filtering techniques in quality control systems. For instance, in the case of edge enhancement, phase conjugation via four-wave mixing suppresses the low spatial frequencies of the Fourier spectrum of an aperiodic image and consequently leads to image edge enhancement. In this work, we model, numerically verify, and simulate the performance of a four wave mixing setup used for edge, defect and pattern detection in periodic amplitude and phase structures. The results show that this technique successfully detects the slightest defects clearly even with no enhancement. This technique should facilitate improvements in applications such as image display sharpness utilizing edge enhancement, production line defect inspection of fabrics, textiles, e-beam lithography masks, surface inspection, and materials characterization. C1 [Nehmetallah, Georges] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Banerjee, Partha] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, Partha] Univ Dayton, ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Khoury, Jed] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nehmetallah, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-593-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9477 AR 94770B DI 10.1117/12.2176427 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8EY UT WOS:000355583800007 ER PT S AU Vijayan, V Sakla, W AF Vijayan, Vipin Sakla, Wesam BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI An Empirical Comparison of K-SVD and GMRA for Dictionary Learning SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVI CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE dictionary learning; K-SVD; geometric multi-resolution analysis; GMRA; vehicle classification; image reconstruction; sparsity; sparse representation ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION AB The topic of constructing data-dependent dictionaries, referred to as dictionary learning, has received considerable interest in the past decade. In this work, we compare the ability of two dictionary learning algorithms, K-SVD and geometric multi-resolution analysis (GMRA), to perform image reconstruction using a fixed number of coefficients. K-SVD is an algorithm originating from the compressive sensing community and relies on optimization techniques. GMRA is a multi-scale technique that is based on manifold approximation of high-dimensional point clouds of data. The empirical results of this work using a synthetic dataset of images of vehicles with diversity in viewpoint and lighting show that the K-SVD algorithm exhibits better generalization reconstruction performance with respect to test images containing lighting diversity that were not present in the construction of the dictionary, while GMRA exhibits superior reconstruction on the training data. C1 [Vijayan, Vipin] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Sakla, Wesam] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sakla, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vvijayan@nd.edu; wesam.sakla@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-593-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9477 AR 94770J DI 10.1117/12.2180022 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8EY UT WOS:000355583800015 ER PT S AU Su, WH Reich, GW AF Su, Weihua Reich, Gregory W. BE Lynch, JP Wang, KW Sohn, H TI Gust alleviation of highly flexible UAVs with artificial hair sensors SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE artificial hair sensors; gust alleviation; LQR; highly flexible aircraft ID NONLINEAR FLIGHT DYNAMICS; GEOMETRICALLY EXACT; AIRCRAFT; BEAMS; AEROELASTICITY; FORMULATION AB Artificial hair sensors (AHS) have been recently developed in Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) using carbon nanotube (CNT). The deformation of CNT in air flow causes voltage and current changes in the circuit, which can be used to quantify the dynamic pressure and aerodynamic load along the wing surface. AFRL has done a lot of essential work in design, manufacturing, and measurement of AHSs. The work in this paper is to bridge the current AFRL's work on AHSs and their feasible applications in flight dynamics and control (e.g., the gust alleviation) of highly flexible aircraft. A highly flexible vehicle is modeled using a strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam formulation, coupled with finite-state inflow aerodynamics. A feedback control algorithm for the rejection of gust perturbations will be developed. A simplified Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller will be implemented based on the state-space representation of the linearized system. All AHS measurements will be used as the control input, i.e., wing sectional aerodynamic loads will be defined as the control output for designing the feedback gain. Once the controller is designed, closed-loop aeroelastic simulations will be performed to evaluate the performance of different controllers with the force feedback and be compared to traditional controller designs with the state feedback. From the study, the feasibility of AHSs in flight control will be assessed. The whole study will facilitate in building a fly-by-feel simulation environment for autonomous vehicles. C1 [Su, Weihua] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Reich, Gregory W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Su, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM suw@eng.ua.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9435 AR 94350X DI 10.1117/12.2085575 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC8JE UT WOS:000355726100029 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Pilchak, A AF Blackshire, James L. Pilchak, Adam BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Computational NDE as an Integrated Component of ICME SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AB A current area of intense research involves the development and use of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approaches, which promise to develop next-generation material systems with significant cost and time savings. At its core, ICME synergistically combines material-centric models related to materials development, processing, manufacturing, and property/performance assessment, where key material property information is shared between the various models to enhance process and product outcomes. The integration of computational NDE models within the ICME framework represents an additional opportunity to advance material science and engineering processes through the development of advanced material state awareness (MSA) sensing methods. In particular, nondestructive sensing methods are needed for ICME model and process validation at all stages of the material development process. Several examples of this are presented, which show model-driven sensing for in-process monitoring, microstructure quality assurance, and damage state sensing in a dynamic loading environment. The results illustrate opportunities, challenges, and key linking opportunities for NDE and MSA within the ICME framework. C1 [Blackshire, James L.; Pilchak, Adam] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil; Adam.Pilchak@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1063/1.4914596 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100007 ER PT S AU Cherry, AJ Cherry, MR Aldrin, JC Lindgren, E Sabbagh, HA Boehnlein, T Mooers, R Knopp, J AF Cherry, Aaron J. Cherry, Matthew R. Aldrin, John C. Lindgren, Eric Sabbagh, Harold A. Boehnlein, Thomas Mooers, Ryan Knopp, Jeremy BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Role of Interface Conditions in Low Frequency Electromagnetic Testing of Multilayer Structures SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB When developing simulations of NDE testing methods it is imperative to use an accurate physical representation. Many inaccuracies in simulations can be traced to faulty or incomplete assumptions made for specific problem geometries, parameter constraints, or boundary conditions. An example of this is the assumed eddy current flaw response in layered media. A critical assumption often made is that when the plates are in contact, they are in electrical contact and behave as a single conductor. The purpose of this study is to dissect this assumption and propose alternate representations of the problem. A series of experiments were conducted alongside numerical models to provide evidence of the inadequacy of the assumption. Simulations were also used to predict the effects of varying interface conditions on eddy current signals due to surface cracks in sub-layer metals. C1 [Cherry, Matthew R.; Lindgren, Eric; Mooers, Ryan; Knopp, Jeremy] AFRL, Struct Mat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cherry, Aaron J.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Boehnlein, Thomas] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cherry, AJ (reprint author), Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1063/1.4914633 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100044 ER PT S AU Mooers, RD Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS AF Mooers, Ryan D. Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Model the Effects of Core/Coil Size and Defect Length on Eddy Current Response SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID CURRENT PROBE; VALIDATION AB Prior split D differential probe validation studies have consistently shown model discrepancy in transition regions between the main peaks of the probe response. These discrepancies may be the result of differences in probe input dimensions, numerical error in the simulation code, or unforeseen variables in the experimental setup and data collection. This paper will investigate the effect of improved dimensional modeling, core size, and defect length have on reducing the discrepancy between model and experiment. A complete description of the experimental and modeling study will be presented. Comparisons will be made between the experimental data and the simulated results and conclusions will be presented. The study should provide insight into how probe and defect dimensions affect the simulated response of a probe. Also it will detail how the inclusion of asymmetry into model could improve agreement. C1 [Mooers, Ryan D.; Knopp, Jeremy S.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch AFRL RXC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Mooers, RD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch AFRL RXC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.mooers.1@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1063/1.4914635 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100046 ER PT S AU Patsora, I Hillmann, S Heuer, H Foos, BC Calzada, JG AF Patsora, Iryna Hillmann, Susanne Heuer, Henning Foos, Bryan C. Calzada, Juan G. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI High-Frequency Eddy Current Based Impedance Spectroscopy for Characterization of the Percolation Process of Wet Conductive Coatings SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Coatings based on wet particles containing pastes are currently used in many industries, such as automotive, aircraft and/or wind-power plants, to protect carbon-fiber reinforced plastic against damages caused by electrical effects, such as a lightning strike. In order to understand and control the percolation behavior during the drying, a non-contact Eddy Current based Impedance Spectroscopy can be used. This technique can be applied in the wet state of the coating and it works non-destructively. Percolation behaviors of the wet conductive coatings are strongly affected by the type of particles used as a filling and the thickness of the coating. Experimental results of Eddy Current measurements on wet conductive coatings based on different conductive particles and deposited with different thicknesses are discussed. Based on High-Frequency Eddy Current measurements, a prognosis of the coating parameters after final curing during the wet state becomes conceivable. This, for example, offers a wide opportunity for process control and repairs. C1 [Patsora, Iryna] Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Elektrotechn & Informationstechn, Inst Aufbau & Verbindungstechn, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Hillmann, Susanne; Heuer, Henning] Fraunhofer Inst Ceram Technol & Syst, Branch Mat Diag IKTS MD, Dresden, Germany. [Foos, Bryan C.; Calzada, Juan G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Patsora, I (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Elektrotechn & Informationstechn, Inst Aufbau & Verbindungstechn, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM patsyora@avt.et.tu-dresden.de NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1063/1.4914637 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100048 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Forsyth, DS Welter, JT AF Aldrin, John C. Forsyth, David S. Welter, John T. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Progress on Automated Data Analysis Algorithms for Ultrasonic Inspection of Composites SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Progress is presented on the development and demonstration of automated data analysis (ADA) software to address the burden in interpreting ultrasonic inspection data for large composite structures. The automated data analysis algorithm is presented in detail, which follows standard procedures for analyzing signals for time-of-flight indications and backwall amplitude dropout. New algorithms have been implemented to reliably identify indications in time-of-flight images near the front and back walls of composite panels. Adaptive call criteria have also been applied to address sensitivity to variation in backwall signal level, panel thickness variation, and internal signal noise. ADA processing results arc presented for a variety of test specimens that include inserted materials and discontinuities produced under poor manufacturing conditions. Software tools have been developed to support both ADA algorithm design and certification, producing a statistical evaluation of indication results and false calls using a matching process with predefined truth tables. Parametric studies were performed to evaluate detection and false call results with respect to varying algorithm settings. C1 [Welter, John T.] US Air Force, Res Lab AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Forsyth, David S.] TRI Austin, Austin, TX 78746 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; dforsyth@tri-austin.com; john.welter.2@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1091 EP 1101 DI 10.1063/1.4914718 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100129 ER PT S AU Sabbagh, EH Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Aldrin, JC Annis, C Knopp, JS AF Sabbagh, Elias H. Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Aldrin, John C. Annis, Charles Knopp, Jeremy S. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI STOCHASTIC INVERSE PROBLEMS: MODELS AND METRICS SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB In past work, we introduced model-based inverse methods, and applied them to problems in which the anomaly could be reasonably modeled by simple canonical shapes, such as rectangular solids. In these cases the parameters to be inverted would be length, width and height, as well as the occasional probe lift-off or rotation. We are now developing a formulation that allows more flexibility in modeling complex flaws. The idea consists of expanding the flaw in a sequence of basis functions, and then solving for the expansion coefficients of this sequence, which are modeled as independent random variables, uniformly distributed over their range of values. There are a number of applications of such modeling: 1. Connected cracks and multiple half-moons, which we have noted in a POD set. Ideally we would like to distinguish connected cracks from one long shallow crack. 2. Cracks of irregular profile and shape which have appeared in cold work holes during bolt-hole eddy-current inspection. One side of such cracks is much deeper than other. 3. L or C shaped crack profiles at the surface, examples of which have been seen in bolt-hole cracks. By formulating problems in a stochastic sense, we are able to leverage the stochastic global optimization algorithms in NLSE, which is resident in VIC-3D (R), to answer questions of global minimization and to compute confidence bounds using the sensitivity coefficient that we get from NLSE. We will also address the issue of surrogate functions which are used during the inversion process, and how they contribute to the quality of the estimation of the bounds. C1 [Sabbagh, Elias H.; Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Annis, Charles] Stat Engn, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, EH (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1865 EP 1872 DI 10.1063/1.4914812 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100223 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Annis, C Shell, EB Knopp, J Lindgren, EA AF Aldrin, John C. Sabbagh, Harold A. Annis, Charles Shell, Eric B. Knopp, Jeremy Lindgren, Eric A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Assessing Inversion Performance and Uncertainty in Eddy Current Crack Characterization Applications SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB When performing inverse-methods for the characterization of cracks, there is a need to assess the quality of the result without prior knowledge of the flaw state. This paper investigates the use of two estimation metrics, confidence intervals on parameter estimates and the frequency that the global solution was achieved, for assessing inversion performance. A case study on eddy current inversion of surface-breaking cracks was used to evaluate the viability of these metrics. While these metrics were found to have benefit, the parameter confidence intervals were found to not be conservative. As well, when there are problems with convergence to the global minima, residual error plots and mean square error maps were found to provide more information on model quality and the true bounds on the parameter estimates. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy; Lindgren, Eric A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Annis, Charles] Stat Engn, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. [Shell, Eric B.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; has@sabbagh.com; charles.annis@statisticalengineering.com; eric.shell@wyle.com; jeremy.knopp@us.af.mil; eric.lindgren@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1873 EP 1883 DI 10.1063/1.4914813 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100224 ER PT S AU Cherry, M Sabbagh, H Aldrin, J Knopp, J Pilchak, A AF Cherry, Matthew Sabbagh, Harold Aldrin, John Knopp, Jeremy Pilchak, Adam BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Forward Propagation of Parametric Uncertainties Through Models of NDE Inspection Scenarios SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Forward uncertainty propagation has been a topic of interest to NDE researchers for several years. To this point, the purpose has been to gain an understanding of the uncertainties that can be seen in signals from NDE sensors given uncertainties in the geometric and material parameters of the problem. However, a complex analysis of an inspection scenario with high variability has not been performed. Furthermore, these methods have not seen direct practical application in the areas of model assisted probability of detection or inverse problems. In this paper, uncertainty due to spatial heterogeneity in material systems that undergo NDE inspection will be discussed. Propagation of this uncertainty through forward models of inspection scenarios will be outlined and the mechanisms for representing the spatial heterogeneity will be explained in detail. Examples will be provided that illustrate the effect of high variability in uncertainty propagation in the context of forward modeling. C1 [Cherry, Matthew; Knopp, Jeremy; Pilchak, Adam] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold] Victor Technol, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. [Aldrin, John] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Cherry, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.cherry.2@us.af.mil; has@sabbagh.com; aldrin@computationaltools.com; jeremy.knopp@us.af.mil; adam.pilchak.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1884 EP 1892 DI 10.1063/1.4914814 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100225 ER PT S AU Criner, AK Cherry, AJ Cooney, AT Katter, TD Banks, HT Hu, SH Catenacci, J AF Criner, A. K. Cherry, A. J. Cooney, A. T. Katter, T. D. Banks, H. T. Hu, Shuhua Catenacci, Jared BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Identification of Thermal Degradation Using Probabilistic Models in Reflectance Spectroscopy SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBERS AB Different probabilistic models of molecular vibration modes are considered to model the reflectance spectra of chemical species through the dielectric constant. We discuss probability measure estimators in parametric and nonparametric models. Analyses of ceramic matrix composite samples that have been heat treated for different amounts of times are compared. We finally compare these results with the analysis of vitreous silica using nonparametric models. C1 [Criner, A. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cherry, A. J.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Cooney, A. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Katter, T. D.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Banks, H. T.; Hu, Shuhua; Catenacci, Jared] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Criner, AK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1898 EP 1906 DI 10.1063/1.4914816 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100227 ER PT B AU Shastry, MC Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shastry, Mahesh C. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Amin, M TI Compressive Sensing Meets Noise Radar SO COMPRESSIVE SENSING FOR URBAN RADAR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THRESHOLD; MATRICES; CHANNEL; DESIGN AB In this chapter, we discuss how noise radar systems are suitable for realizing practically the promises of compressive sensing in radar imaging, in general, and in urban-sensing applications, in particular. Noise radar refers to radio frequency imaging systems that employ transmit signals that are generated to resemble random noise waveforms. Noise radar has recently been successfully applied to urban sensing applications such as through-the-wall sensing (Amin 2011). Recent advances in the field of compressive sensing provide us with techniques to overcome the challenges of waveform design, sampling, and bandwidth constraints. We review existing literature related to these problems and present new results that enable us to leverage compressive sensing and sparsity to improve noise radar systems. We model compressively sampled noise radar imaging as a problem of inverting linear system with a circulant random system matrix. We demonstrate the feasibility of this model by applying it to experimental data acquired using a millimeter wave ultrawideband noise radar system. Our principal contributions lie in developing theory and algorithms for imaging and detection strategies in compressively sampled noise radar imaging. We outline an approach based on extreme value statistics that works by empirically estimating the distribution of the residue of instances of the estimation algorithm. False alarms are treated as statistically rare events for estimating event probabilities in the compressive detection problem. We extrapolate the distribution of the residue from a small number of recovery instances to calibrate compressive noise radar systems. For deploying compressively sensed noise radar systems in real applications, it is necessary to develop convenient approaches to calibrate and characterize recovery performance. C1 [Shastry, Mahesh C.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shastry, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-9785-3; 978-1-4665-9784-6 PY 2015 BP 429 EP + PG 51 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC4ZD UT WOS:000353057500014 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Mirau, PA Chushak, Y Chavez, JL Naik, RR Hagen, JA Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Martin, Jennifer A. Mirau, Peter A. Chushak, Yaroslav Chavez, Jorge L. Naik, Rajesh R. Hagen, Joshua A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Single-Round Patterned DNA Library Microarray Aptamer Lead Identification SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; HUMAN THROMBIN; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; LIGANDS; SELEX; BIND; DIAGNOSTICS AB A method for identifying an aptamer in a single round was developed using custom DNA microarrays containing computationally derived patterned libraries incorporating no information on the sequences of previously reported thrombin binding aptamers. The DNA library was specifically designed to increase the probability of binding by enhancing structural complexity in a sequence-space confined environment, much like generating lead compounds in a combinatorial drug screening library. The sequence demonstrating the highest fluorescence intensity upon target addition was confirmed to bind the target molecule thrombin with specificity by surface plasmon resonance, and a novel imino proton NMR/2D NOESY combination was used to screen the structure for G-quartet formation. We propose that the lack of G-quartet structure in microarray-derived aptamers may highlight differences in binding mechanisms between surface-immobilized and solution based strategies. This proof-of-principle study highlights the use of a computational driven methodology to create a DNA library rather than a SELEX based approach. This work is beneficial to the biosensor field where aptamers selected by solution based evolution have proven challenging to retain binding function when immobilized on a surface. C1 [Martin, Jennifer A.; Chushak, Yaroslav; Chavez, Jorge L.; Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Jennifer A.; Chushak, Yaroslav] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Mirau, Peter A.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.kelley-loughnane.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Human Signatures Branch [711 HPW/RHXB]; Air Force Research Laboratory Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust Biotronics; Defense Forensic Science Center FX The authors thank Dr. Richard Chapleau and Dr. David Riddle for their assistance with SPR measurements and data interpretation and Agilent Technologies for the loan of the Agilent High-resolution Microarray Scanner. This research was performed while the author (Jennifer A. Martin) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Human Signatures Branch (711 HPW/RHXB) Core, Air Force Research Laboratory Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust Biotronics, and Defense Forensic Science Center. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-8865 EI 2090-8873 J9 J ANAL METHODS CHEM JI J. Anal. Methods Chem. PY 2015 AR 137489 DI 10.1155/2015/137489 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Civil SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CJ0BY UT WOS:000355138600001 ER PT J AU Wu, J Iacono, ST McCandless, GT Smith, DW Novak, BM AF Wu, Jingbo Iacono, Scott T. McCandless, Gregory T. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Novak, Bruce M. TI Utilization of a Meldrum's acid towards functionalized fluoropolymers possessing dual reactivity for thermal crosslinking and post-polymerization modification SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC ETHER POLYMERS; CYCLOPOLYMERIZATION AB New thermally cross-linkable and/or post-functionalizable perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers containing Meldrum's acid moieties have been successfully prepared via the thermal cyclopolymerization of a new Meldrum's acid functionalized aromatic trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) monomer. C1 [Wu, Jingbo; McCandless, Gregory T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Wu, Jingbo; McCandless, Gregory T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu RI Wu, Jingbo/E-6305-2017 FU Intel Corporation; Welch Foundation [AT-0041]; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute; National Science Foundation through Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (NSF-I/UCRC) [1035024]; NMR facility of chemistry department (NSF) [CHE-1126177]; University of Texas at Dallas; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We would like to thank the Intel Corporation, the Welch Foundation (Grant AT-0041), the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, the National Science Foundation through the Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (NSF-I/UCRC, grant 1035024), the NMR facility of chemistry department (NSF, grant CHE-1126177), and the University of Texas at Dallas for their support. STI acknowledges the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 44 BP 9220 EP 9222 DI 10.1039/c5cc02382c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CI5JJ UT WOS:000354791400036 PM 25952621 ER PT S AU Wrzesinski, PJ Slipchenko, MN Zaman, TA Rioux, RM Gord, JR Roy, S AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Zaman, Taslima A. Rioux, Robert M. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh BE Heisterkamp, A Herman, PR Meunier, M Nolte, S TI In-situ imaging of reacting single-particle zeolites by non-linear optical microscopy SO FRONTIERS IN ULTRAFAST OPTICS: BIOMEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics - Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XV CY FEB 08-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Amplitude Syst, APE GmbH, TRUMPF Inc DE Coherent Raman; Microscopy; Two-photon Fluorescence; Zeolites; Catalysis ID CRYSTALS; ZSM-5 AB Zeolite catalysis has been exploited by the petrochemical industry since the 1940' s for catalytic cracking reactions of long chain hydrocarbons. The selectivity of zeolites strongly depends on a pore size, which is controlled by the chosen structure-directing agent (SDA) and by the SDA decomposition/removal process. Although zeolites are composed of micron-sized crystals, studies of zeolite materials typically focus on bulk (i.e., ensemble) measurements to elucidate structure-function information or to optimize catalysts and/or process parameters. To examine these phenomena on the microscale, non-linear optical microscopy is used to provide real-time imaging of chemical reactions in zeolites at temperatures exceeding 400 degrees C. The template decomposition mechanism is studied, as elucidation of the mechanism is critical to understanding the relationship between the decomposition chemistry and the nanoscale features of the zeolite (topology, Si/Al ratio, added dopants). Forward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), forward coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and epi two-photon fluorescence (TPF) modalities are acquired simultaneously providing video-rate structural and chemical information. A high-temperature cell with gas inlet system is used for the study of reactions under various temperatures and gas environments. Examining the decomposition process with single-particle resolution enables access to ensemble-level and spatially-resolved behavior. Parallel experiments on bulk zeolite powders are conducted to enable comparison of ensemble and single-particle behavior during template decomposition. Our multi-technique approach has high potential for gaining insight into the link between nanoscale structure and catalytic activity and selectivity of zeolitic materials. C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Zaman, Taslima A.; Rioux, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rioux, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerospace Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM paul.wrzesinski@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-445-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9355 AR 935506 DI 10.1117/12.2080339 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6OP UT WOS:000354259800003 ER PT S AU Gwin, AH Coutu, RA AF Gwin, Alex H. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Electronic control of Germanium Telluride (GeTe) phase transition for electronic memory applications SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices VI CY FEB 08-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Electronic memory; Germanium telluride; GeTe; Phase change material; PCRAM ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; DATA-STORAGE AB Germanium telluride (GeTe) is a phase change material (PCM) that undergoes an exponential decrease in resistance from room temperature to its transition temperature at approximately 200 degrees C. Its resistivity decreases by as much as six orders of magnitude between amorphous and crystalline phases as it is heated. Chalcogenides such as GeTe have been utilized typically in nonvolatile optical memories such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, where the change in reflectivity between phases gives enough contrast for ON and OFF bits. Research over the past several years has begun to characterize the electronic control of PCM thin films for advanced electronic memory applications. By applying a voltage to control its resistance and crystallinity, GeTe has become a candidate for ultra-fast switching electronic memory, perhaps as an alternative to Flash memory. In this research, micro-scale PCM cells were fabricated using RF sputtering of a GeTe target and electron-beam evaporation on c-Si, SiO2/Si, Si3N4/Si, and Al2O3. Characterizations of the crystallization process were completed with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), varied voltage, and varied temperature in order to draw a comparison of the switching mechanism between thermally and electronically induced transition. The results show an optical contrast of Delta n + i Delta k = -0.858 + i1.056. Heat conduction experiments prove a growth-dominated crystallization and fracturing of conductive crystallites when deposited on Al2O3. PCM cells exhibit memory-like I-V curves for smaller cell dimensions according to the trap-limited conduction model in chalcogenides. RF structures show the capability of being utilized as improved RF switches. C1 [Gwin, Alex H.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gwin, AH (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-454-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9364 AR 93640G DI 10.1117/12.2079359 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC6OZ UT WOS:000354281000004 ER PT S AU Dolasinski, B Bulmer, J Bullard, T Powers, PE Haus, JW Haugan, T AF Dolasinski, Brian Bulmer, John Bullard, Tom Powers, Peter E. Haus, Joseph W. Haugan, Timothy BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Ultrafast photo-response in superconductive isotropic radiators for microwave generation SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Ultrafast photoconductive response; superconductor; YBCO; femtosecond laser pulse ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; NONEQUILIBRIUM; PHOTORESPONSE; DYNAMICS AB The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and the expected applications in the field of ultrafast opto-electronics has created a unique opportunity where the technology has the potential to bridge the frequency gap from infrared to microwave. A pulsed ultrafast laser impinging on a HTS thin film grown using yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) excites transient electron dynamics to generate radiation that spans from the terahertz to the microwave regime. The radiation phenomena were demonstrated by making transient photo-excitation measurements using an ultrafast laser to induce non-equilibrium quasi-particle dynamics. The photo-response from a laser of an average power of 1 W and a pulse duration greater than 120 fs (808 nm wavelength) incident on charged YBa2Cu2O7-delta (YBCO) thin film at superconductive temperatures was measured using a series of microwave antennas. From the observed nanosecond response time of the transient pulse, we were able to extract frequency band structure in the GHz regime that was dependent on the incident beam diameter, pulse duration, power, and the physical structure of the YBCO thin film. The electron-phonon energy relaxation time is known to be on the order of a picosecond. However, by manipulating the resistive and kinetic inductive response of the material we demonstrate the ability to generate wideband microwave frequencies with a transient response on the order of the nanosecond time scale. Quasi-particle dynamics and the temporal response were analyzed using the Rothwarf-Taylor rate equations. C1 [Dolasinski, Brian; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bulmer, John] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England. [Bullard, Tom; Haugan, Timothy] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQQM, Aerosp Syst Directorate,Power & Control Div,Mech, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dolasinski, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-437-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9347 AR 93470H DI 10.1117/12.2083505 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PR UT WOS:000354360500013 ER PT S AU Feaver, RK Peterson, RD Haus, JW Powers, PE AF Feaver, R. K. Peterson, R. D. Haus, J. W. Powers, P. E. BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Cascaded OPGaAs OPO for increased longwave efficiency SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear optics; optical parametric oscillators ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; INTRACAVITY FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; MU-M; GENERATION; PERFORMANCE; GAAS AB Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) producing longwave output from a much shorter pump wavelength suffer from low conversion efficiency into the idler due to the large quantum defect compared with similar devices operating in the 3 - 5 mu m regime. One method to increase pump to idler conversion efficiency is to recycle the undesired and higher energy signal photons into additional idler photons in a second nonlinear stage. We present numerical simulation results showing the improvement in efficiency that can be obtained in a linear, two stage, cascaded orientation patterned gallium arsenide (OPGaAs) nanosecond OPO. It includes diffraction, crystal loss, phase mismatch, pump depletion, and back conversion; and it assumes monochromatic waves but it neglects group velocity dispersion. For a singly resonant oscillator (SRO) pumped by a 2.054 mu m Tm:Ho, YLF laser with 45 ns pulse widths, the addition of the second crystal in the cavity increases idler generation by overall factor of two and exceeds the quantum defect limit. The model has been validated by comparison with SNLO for the case of a single-stage OPO, and suggests crystal and resonator parameters that will lead to an optimized cascaded OPO. C1 [Feaver, R. K.; Peterson, R. D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Feaver, R. K.; Haus, J. W.; Powers, P. E.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Feaver, RK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ryan.Feaver@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-437-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9347 AR 93470P DI 10.1117/12.2076640 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PR UT WOS:000354360500019 ER PT S AU Guha, S Schunemann, PG Barnes, JO Gonzalez, LP AF Guha, Shekhar Schunemann, Peter G. Barnes, Jacob O. Gonzalez, Leonel P. BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Tunable Continuous-Wave Midwave Infrared Generation using an Orientation Patterned GaAs Crystal with a Fan-out Grating Design SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; frequency conversion; second harmonic generation (SHG); quasi phase matching; orientation patterned materials; fan out grating; tunable mid-wave infrared (MWIR) generation; Continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser doubling AB We report the first demonstration of frequency conversion in an orientation patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) crystal with a fan-out grating configuration. Room temperature frequency doubling of a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser tuned from 9.26 to 10.65 micrometers was obtained using the large-aperture OPGaAs crystal (>3 mm thick, >7.5 mm wide and 40 mm long) with fan- out grating periods ranging between 212.5 mu m and 220 mu m. C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Barnes, Jacob O.; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-437-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9347 AR 93470M DI 10.1117/12.2076399 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PR UT WOS:000354360500016 ER PT S AU Pomeranz, LA Schunemann, PG Magarrell, DJ McCarthy, JC Zawilski, KT Zelmon, DE AF Pomeranz, Leonard A. Schunemann, Peter G. Magarrell, Daniel J. McCarthy, John C. Zawilski, Kevin T. Zelmon, David E. BE Vodopyanov, KL TI 1-mu m-pumped OPO based on orientation-patterned GaP SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optical materials; quasi-phase matching; orientation-patterned GaP; OP-GaP; hydride vapor phase epitaxy; mid-infrared; frequency conversion; optical parametric oscillator ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL DEVICES; SUBLATTICE REVERSAL EPITAXY; GROWTH AB Orientation patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) is a new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal which exhibits the highest nonlinear coefficient (d(14)= 70.6 pm/V) and the longest infrared cut-off (12.5 mu m) of any quasi-phase-matched (QPM) material that can be pumped at 1-mu m without significant two-photon absorption. Here we report the first 1064nm-pumped OPO based on bulk OP-GaP. Multi-grating OP-GaP QPM structures were grown by producing an inverted GaP layer by polar-on-nonpolar molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), lithographically patterning, reactive ion etching, and regrowing by MBE to yield templates for subsequent bulk growth by low-pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy (LP-HVPE). The pump source was a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 monoblock laser with an RTP high-voltage Q-switch (1064 nm, 1W, 10kHz, 3.3 ns) which was linearly polarized along the <100> orientation of the AR-coated 16.5 x 6.3 x 1.1 mm(3) OP-GaP crystal (800-mu m thick HVPE layer, 20.8 mu m grating period only 150 mu m thick) mounted on a copper blocked maintained at 20 degrees C by a thermo-electric cooler. The OPO cavity was a linear resonator with 10-cm ROC mirrors coated for DRO operation (85% R at signal, 55% R at idler). The pump 4 sigma-diameter at the crystal face was 175 mu m. The observed OPO signal (idler) threshold was 533 mW (508 mW) with a slope efficiency of 4% (1%) and maximum output power 15 mW (4 mW). The signal (1342 nm) and idler (4624 nm) output wavelengths agreed well with sellemier predictions. Orange parasitic output at 601.7nm corresponded to 9th order QPM sum frequency mixing of the 1064-nm pump and the 1385-nm signal. C1 [Pomeranz, Leonard A.; Schunemann, Peter G.; Magarrell, Daniel J.; McCarthy, John C.; Zawilski, Kevin T.] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Zelmon, David E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pomeranz, LA (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com; david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-437-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9347 AR 93470K DI 10.1117/12.2080876 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PR UT WOS:000354360500015 ER PT S AU Reddy, BR Schepler, K Moore, E Hoelscher, J Vangala, S Claflin, B Singh, NB Evans, J Berry, P AF Reddy, B. Rami Schepler, Kenneth Moore, Elizabeth Hoelscher, John Vangala, Shiva Claflin, Bruce Singh, Narsingh B. Evans, Jonathan Berry, Patrick BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Surface characterization studies of orientation patterned ZnSe doped with Cr2+ SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; COUPLED MODES; LASERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GAAS AB ZnSe doped with Cr2+ was analyzed by EDS, XPS and Micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques. EDS and XPS analysis revealed that chromium concentration is more than 2% and there are additional impurities, Ga, Ti, and Ta. EDS measurements did not reveal any variation in chromium concentration when a line scan was performed over a 200 mu m distance. XPS analysis indicated that the sample surface is inhomogeneous. Photoluminescence was acquired by exciting the sample with 325 nm laser beam. Photoluminescence revealed charge transfer bands. Micro-Raman study revealed the LO, TO and 2TA modes at 252, 205 and 140 cm(-1). Under 488 or 514.5 nm excitation background luminescence was predominant due to excitation of Cr2+ electrons into the conduction band. However, 632.8 nm laser excitation revealed, strong Raman signals. Raman data were acquired by exciting the sample on the grain boundary and inside the domain. The ratio of LO and TO peak intensities changed randomly when data were acquired from different points on the grain boundary indicating the presence of random strain in the material. When Raman data were acquired from different points on the sample surface for comparison, it revealed that the LO mode was distorted as well as broadened whereas the TO mode intensity increased. This was due to the presence of local modes induced by the sample inhomogeneity and the interaction of the holes with the LO mode. C1 [Reddy, B. Rami] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Schepler, Kenneth] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Moore, Elizabeth; Hoelscher, John] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Vangala, Shiva] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Vangala, Shiva; Claflin, Bruce; Evans, Jonathan; Berry, Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45385 USA. [Singh, Narsingh B.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Reddy, BR (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1268, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-437-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9347 AR 93471M DI 10.1117/12.2076075 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PR UT WOS:000354360500036 ER PT S AU Lukishova, SG Liapis, AC Bissell, LJ Gehring, GM Winkler, JM Boyd, RW AF Lukishova, Svetlana G. Liapis, Andreas C. Bissell, Luke J. Gehring, George M. Winkler, Justin M. Boyd, Robert W. BE Chien, LC Coles, HJ Kikuchi, H Smalyukh, II TI Single-photon experiments with liquid crystals for quantum science and quantum engineering applications SO EMERGING LIQUID CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGIES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Photonics West Conference on Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies X CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Polarized single-photon source; antibunching; nanocrystal quantum dots; cholesteric liquid crystals; Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer; entangled photons; quantum mechanical barrier tunneling time; double-prism structure; frustrated total internal reflection ID HIGH-POWER; SELECTIVE REFLECTION; DOT FLUORESCENCE; TUNNELING TIME; POLARIZATION; RESONANCE; OPTICS; DYE; PERFORMANCE; HOST AB We present here our results on using liquid crystals in experiments with nonclassical light sources: (1) single-photon sources exhibiting antibunching (separation of all photons in time), which are key components for secure quantum communication systems, and (2) entangled photon source with photons exhibiting quantum interference in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. In the first part, cholesteric liquid crystal hosts were used to create definite circular polarization of antibunched photons emitted by nanocrystal quantum dots. If the photon has unknown polarization, filtering it through a polarizer to produce the desired polarization for quantum key distribution with bits based on polarization states of photons will reduce by half the efficiency of a quantum cryptography system. In the first part, we also provide our results on observation of a circular polarized microcavity resonance in nanocrystal quantum dot fluorescence in a 1-D chiral photonic bandgap cholesteric liquid crystal microcavity. In the second part of this paper with indistinguishable, time-entangled photons, we demonstrate our experimental results on simulating quantum-mechanical barrier tunnelling phenomena. A Hong-Ou-Mandel dip (quantum interference effect) is shifted when a phase change was introduced on the way of one of entangled photons in pair (one arm of the interferometer) by inserting in this arm an electrically controlled planar-aligned nematic liquid crystal layer between two prisms in the conditions close to a frustrated total internal reflection. By applying different AC-voltages to the planar-aligned nematic layer and changing its refractive index, we can obtain various conditions for incident photon propagation - from total reflection to total transmission. Measuring changes of tunnelling times of photon through this structure with femtosecond resolution permitted us to answer some unresolved questions in quantum-mechanical barrier tunnelling phenomena. C1 [Lukishova, Svetlana G.; Liapis, Andreas C.; Gehring, George M.; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Lukishova, Svetlana G.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. [Liapis, Andreas C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bissell, Luke J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Winkler, Justin M.; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Ottawa, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Lukishova, SG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM sluk@lle.rochester.edu OI Liapis, Andreas/0000-0001-6810-3354 NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-474-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9384 AR 93840A DI 10.1117/12.2184372 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FB UT WOS:000353888500003 ER PT S AU Anderson, B Flores, A Holten, R Ehrenreich, T Dajani, I AF Anderson, Brian Flores, Angel Holten, Roger Ehrenreich, Thomas Dajani, Iyad BE Shaw, LB Ballato, J TI Beam combining and SBS suppression in white noise and pseudo-random modulated amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS XII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Stimulated Brillouin scattering; phase modulation; PRBS; white noise; coherent beam combining ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PHASE; LINEWIDTH; LOCKING; LASERS AB White noise phase modulation (WNS) and pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulation (PRBS) are effective techniques for mitigation of nonlinear effects such as stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS); thereby paving the way for higher power narrow linewidth fiber amplifiers. However, detailed studies comparing both coherent beam combination and the SBS suppression of these phase modulation schemes have not been reported. In this study an active fiber cutback experiment is performed comparing the enhancement factor of a PRBS and WNS broadened seed as a function of linewidth and fiber length. Furthermore, two WNS and PRBS modulated fiber lasers are coherently combined to measure and compare the fringe visibility and coherence length as a function of optical path length difference. Notably, the discrete frequency comb of PRBS modulation provides a beam combining re-coherence effect where the lasers periodically come back into phase. Significantly, this may reduce path length matching complexity in coherently combined fiber laser systems. C1 [Anderson, Brian] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Flores, Angel; Holten, Roger; Ehrenreich, Thomas; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-434-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9344 AR 93441U DI 10.1117/12.2082713 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6EZ UT WOS:000353887400045 ER PT S AU Dong, L Kong, FT Gu, GC Hawkins, T Parsons, J Jones, M Dunn, C Kalichevsky-Dong, MT Saitoh, K Pulford, B Dajani, I AF Dong, Liang Kong, Fanting Gu, Guancheng Hawkins, Thomas Parsons, Joshua Jones, Maxwell Dunn, Christopher Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T. Saitoh, Kunimasa Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad BE Shaw, LB Ballato, J TI \Large mode area Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber lasers SO FIBER LASERS XII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber lasers; photonic bandgap fibers; specialty optical fibers ID LEAKAGE CHANNEL FIBERS; CRYSTAL FIBER; OPTICAL-FIBERS; AMPLIFIER AB Fiber lasers are in the process of revolutionizing modern manufacturing. Further power scaling is still much desired to increase throughput and to break new frontiers in science and defense. It has become very clear now that highly single-mode fibers with large effective mode areas are required to overcome both nonlinear effects and mode instability [1-3]. We have been studying all-solid photonic bandgap fibers (AS-PBF), which have open and highly dispersive cladding, making them ideal for higher-order-mode controls in large-mode-area fibers. I will review our recent progress in this area and, especially in ytterbium-doped AS-PBF lasers and amplifiers. C1 [Dong, Liang; Kong, Fanting; Gu, Guancheng; Hawkins, Thomas; Parsons, Joshua; Jones, Maxwell; Dunn, Christopher; Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T.] Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Saitoh, Kunimasa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600814, Japan. [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dong, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, 91 Technol Dr, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-434-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9344 AR 934402 DI 10.1117/12.2086827 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6EZ UT WOS:000353887400001 ER PT S AU Kong, FT Gu, GC Hawkins, TW Parsons, J Jones, M Dunn, C Kalichevsky-Dong, MT Pulford, B Dajani, I Saitoh, K Palese, SP Cheung, E Dong, L AF Kong, Fanting Gu, Guancheng Hawkins, Thomas W. Parsons, Joshua Jones, Maxwell Dunn, Christopher Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T. Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad Saitoh, Kunimasa Palese, Stephen P. Cheung, Eric Dong, Liang BE Shaw, LB Ballato, J TI Polarizing 50 mu m core Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber SO FIBER LASERS XII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Polarizing optical fiber; photonic bandgap fiber; large mode area fiber; Yb-doped fiber ID CRYSTAL FIBER; MODE; AMPLIFIERS AB Polarizing optical fibers are important components for building compact fiber lasers with linearly polarized laser output. Conventional single-mode optical fibers with birefringence can only preserve the polarization when the incident beam is launched properly. Recent reports demonstrate that the birefringence in photonic bandgap fibers (PBFs) can provide single-polarization operation near the edge of transmission band by shifting the transmission band for the light with orthogonal polarizations. Here, we demonstrate a 50 mu m core Yb-doped polarizing photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) for single-polarization operation throughout the entire transmission band from 1010nm to 1170nm with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of >5dB/m, which is >15dB/m near the short wavelength edge of the transmission band. The polarizing effect is due to the differential polarization transmission loss presented in this fiber, which is benefited from the fiber birefringence of 3.2x10(-4), obtained by incorporating low-index boron-doped rods on either side of the core. The achievement is based on the fact that light at fast axis has lower effective mode index which is closer to the modes in the photonic cladding and thus to be easily coupled into cladding. A 2.6m long straight fiber was tested in a laser configuration without any polarizers to achieve single polarized laser output with a PER value of 21dB at 1026nm lasing wavelength. Keywords: Polarizing optical fiber, photonic bandgap fiber, large mode area fiber, Yb-doped fiber. C1 [Kong, Fanting; Gu, Guancheng; Hawkins, Thomas W.; Parsons, Joshua; Jones, Maxwell; Dunn, Christopher; Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T.; Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Saitoh, Kunimasa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600814, Japan. [Palese, Stephen P.; Cheung, Eric] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redonda Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Kong, FT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, 91 Technol Dr, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-434-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9344 AR 934403 DI 10.1117/12.2076605 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6EZ UT WOS:000353887400002 ER PT S AU Pulford, B Dajani, I Ehrenreich, T Holten, R Vergien, C Naderi, N Mart, C Gu, GC Kong, FT Hawkins, T Dong, L AF Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad Ehrenreich, Thomas Holten, Roger Vergien, Christopher Naderi, Nader Mart, Cody Gu, Guancheng Kong, Fanting Hawkins, Thomas Dong, Liang BE Shaw, LB Ballato, J TI High-Power Narrow-Linewidth Large Mode Area Photonic Bandgap Fiber Amplifier SO FIBER LASERS XII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE photonic bandgap fiber; stimulated Brillouin scattering; modal instability ID SINGLE-FREQUENCY; CRYSTAL FIBER; 1178 NM; INSTABILITIES AB Ytterbium-doped large mode area all-solid photonic bandgap fiber amplifiers were used to demonstrate >400 W of output power at 1064 nm. In an initial set of experiments, a fiber with a core diameter of similar to 50 mu m, and a calculated effective area of 1450 mu m(2) in a straight fiber, was used to generate approximately 600 W. In this case, the input seed was modulated using a sinusoidal format at a frequency of 400 MHz. The output, however, was multimode as the fiber design did not allow for single-mode operation at this wavelength. A second fiber was then fabricated to operate predominantly in single mode at 1064 nm by having the seed closer to the short wavelength edge of the bandgap. This fiber was used to demonstrate 400 W of single-frequency output with excellent beam quality. As the signal power exceeded 450 W, there was significant degradation in the beam quality due to the modal instability. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, the power scaling results obtained in this work far exceed results from prior state of the art all-solid photonic bandgap fiber lasers. C1 [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad; Ehrenreich, Thomas; Holten, Roger; Vergien, Christopher; Naderi, Nader; Mart, Cody] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gu, Guancheng; Kong, Fanting; Hawkins, Thomas; Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. RP Pulford, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-434-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9344 AR 934406 DI 10.1117/12.2082709 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6EZ UT WOS:000353887400005 ER PT S AU Ghasemkhani, M Albrecht, AR Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M AF Ghasemkhani, Mohammadreza Albrecht, Alexander R. Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor BE Epstein, RI Seletskiy, DV SheikBahae, M TI Intra-cavity-enhanced optical refrigeration of Yb:YLF crystal to cryogenic temperatures SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids VIII CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Anti-Stokes fluorescence; laser cooling of solids; vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers; coupled-cavities; Fabry-Perot cavity ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; POWER AB Laser cooling of solids has great potential to achieve an all-solid-state optical cryo-cooler. The advantages of compactness, no vibrations, no moving parts or fluids, and high reliability have motivated intensive research. Increasing the pump power absorption is essential to reach lower temperatures. Here, using a high power broadly tunable InGaAs/GaAs vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) we demonstrate how we have increased the pump power absorption in an intra-cavity geometry cooling a 10% Yb:YLF crystal. We also discuss the progress, advantages, and challenges of laser cooling inside a VECSEL cavity, including the VECSEL active region design, cavity design, and cooling sample choice for optimal cooling. A novel method to increase the absorption of the pump power in the crystal has also been proposed. C1 [Ghasemkhani, Mohammadreza; Albrecht, Alexander R.; Melgaard, Seth D.; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, Constance, Germany. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, Constance, Germany. RP Ghasemkhani, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 1919 Lomas Blvd NE MSC 07-4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-470-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9380 AR 938003 DI 10.1117/12.2080343 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AI UT WOS:000353692500002 ER PT S AU Martin, KW Schomacker, J Fraser, T Dodson, C AF Martin, K. W. Schomacker, J. Fraser, T. Dodson, C. BE Epstein, RI Seletskiy, DV SheikBahae, M TI Thermal Modeling for an Optical Refrigerator SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids VIII CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Refrigeration; Cryogenics; Thermal Modeling; Infrared Detection ID COMPOSITES AB Optical refrigeration is currently the only completely solid state cooling method capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures from room temperature. Optical cooling utilizing Yb:YLF as the refrigerant crystal has resulted in temperatures lower than 123K measured via a fluorescence thermometry technique. However, to be useful as a refrigerator this cooling crystal must be attached to a sensor or other payload. The phenomenology behind laser cooling, known as anti-Stokes fluorescence, has a relatively low efficiency which makes the system level optimization and limitation of parasitic losses imperative. We propose a variety of potential designs for a final optical refrigerator, enclosure and thermal link; calculate conductive and radiative losses, and estimate direct fluorescence reabsorption. Our simulated designs show losses between 60 and 255 mW, depending on geometry and enclosure choice, with a lower bound as low as 23 mW. C1 [Martin, K. W.; Fraser, T.; Dodson, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Martin, K. W.] Atech Corp Dba Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Schomacker, J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Martin, KW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-470-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9380 AR 93800J DI 10.1117/12.2077254 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AI UT WOS:000353692500010 ER PT S AU Eliseev, PG Yang, C Newell, TC Kaspi, R AF Eliseev, Peter G. Yang, Chi Newell, Timothy C. Kaspi, Ron BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Electric Diagnostics of Quantum Cascade Lasers SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum cascade lasers; I-V curves; voltage saturation ID JUNCTIONS AB The analysis of I-V and I-L curves in mid-IR quantum cascade lasers operating at room temperature is performed. When the ohmic component of the device resistance in the I-V curve is subtracted, the current I can be approximated by the exponential function, I = I-s exp(eV(j)/epsilon) where I-s is the saturation current, V-j is the n-n junction voltage, and epsilon is an energy parameter related to the tunneling mechanism which enables filling of upper states and emptying of lower states of the laser transition. Values of e are found to be in 0.68-1.45 eV range, and when divided by the number of stages in the cascade, the tunneling parameter of each stage is determined. The threshold related "kink" of differential I-V curves is shown. The effect of voltage saturation above the laser threshold is observed. Thus, the possibility of determination of the threshold using electrical measurements in quantum cascade lasers has been demonstrated. C1 [Eliseev, Peter G.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Yang, Chi; Newell, Timothy C.; Kaspi, Ron] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Eliseev, PG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-472-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9382 AR 93821R DI 10.1117/12.2076663 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FH UT WOS:000353892500037 ER PT S AU Lu, CT Kaspi, R Newell, T Yang, C Luong, S Gianardi, D AF Lu, Chunte Kaspi, Ron Newell, Tim Yang, Chi Luong, Sanh Gianardi, Don BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Improved efficiency in room temperature > 3 mu m diodes using highly-strained quantum wells SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XIV CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor laser; mid-infrared; strain compensation AB We present experimental comparison of Type-I diode lasers emitting >3 mu m wavelength in room temperature with increased strain in quantum wells (QWs). Due to diminishing hole confinement in the barrier, the performance of mid-IR Type-I diode laser is generally poor. Here we improve the hole confinement using quinary alloy in the barrier in conjunction with highly strained QWs. By using molecular beam epitaxial growth method, we achieve up to 2.3% strain in the QWs. At near room temperature, highly strained laser structure shows approximately 4 times improved laser performance than regular strained laser under the same testing condition. The study demonstrates significant improvement in laser efficiency using highly strained QWs in the GaSb-based type-I mid-infrared laser diodes. C1 [Lu, Chunte; Kaspi, Ron; Newell, Tim; Yang, Chi; Luong, Sanh; Gianardi, Don] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, CT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-472-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9382 AR 93821Q DI 10.1117/12.2076391 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FH UT WOS:000353892500036 ER PT S AU Slagle, JE Lombardo, D Trivedi, S Guha, S AF Slagle, Jonathan E. Lombardo, David Trivedi, Sudhir Guha, Shekhar BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF TI Nonlinear optical properties of Cadmium Magnesium Telluride SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials XII CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear optics; cadmium magnesium telluride ID SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON; CDTE AB The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of crystalline Cadmium Magnesium Telluride (CdMgTe) was studied using a spatially resolved Irradiance Scan method including picosecond and nanosecond laser pulse widths at 1064nm. The samples were placed in a loosely focused beam and a series of individual laser pulses at different energies were collected. The transmitted beam was re-imaged to a CCD with a microscope objective providing a detailed objective function for numerical simulations. The nonlinear transmission results were modeled by way of a split-step nonlinear beam propagation method including diffraction, nonlinear absorption and refraction arising from bound electrons and light generated free carriers. The angular dependence of the third order susceptibility with respect to the electric field is also presented along with laser induced damage thresholds. C1 [Slagle, Jonathan E.; Guha, Shekhar] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Lombardo, David] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Trivedi, Sudhir] Brimrose Corp, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. RP Slagle, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.slagle.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-449-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9359 AR 93591W DI 10.1117/12.2079877 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC6OT UT WOS:000354268500042 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Heckman, E Dalton, L Grote, J AF Ouchen, Fahima Heckman, Emily Dalton, Larry Grote, James BE Tabor, CE Kajzar, F Kaino, T Koike, Y TI Biopolymers in Optoelectronics SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices XVII CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optic polymer; opto-electronic; electro-optic modulator; electro-optic coefficient; guanine; nucleobase ID POLYMERS AB Here we demonstrate a 40% increase in the nonlinearity, or electro-optic (EO) coefficient, of the nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer SEO100 with the addition of a thin guanine nucleobase buffer layer deposited between the NLO polymer and the cathode electrode. We suggest that the high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of guanine flattens the field distribution at the high injection barrier reducing leakage current during poling. This has the potential to realize higher EO coefficients without the need to synthesize new NLO polymer materials, as well as an increase in device yield due to less failure during poling. C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Heckman, Emily] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, Larry] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-450-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9360 AR 936002 DI 10.1117/12.2083021 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC6OU UT WOS:000354271200001 ER PT S AU Welser, RE Sood, AK Tatavarti, SR Wibowo, A Wilt, DM Howard, A AF Welser, Roger E. Sood, Ashok K. Tatavarti, Sudersena Rao Wibowo, Andree Wilt, David M. Howard, Alex BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF Sugiyama, M TI Radiative Dark Current in Optically-Thin III-V Photovoltaic Devices SO PHYSICS SIMULATION AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices IV CY FEB 10-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID SOLAR-CELLS; RECOMBINATION; EFFICIENCY AB High-voltage InGaAs quantum well solar cells have been demonstrated in a thin-film format, utilizing structures that employ advanced band gap engineering to suppress non-radiative recombination and expose the limiting radiative component of the diode current. In particular, multiple InGaAs quantum well structures fabricated via epitaxial lift-off exhibit one-sun open circuit voltages as high as 1.05 V. The dark diode characteristics of these high-voltage III-V photovoltaic devices are compared to the radiative current calculated from the measured external quantum efficiency using a generalized detailed balance model specifically adapted for optically-thin absorber structures. The fitted n=1 component of the diode current is found to match the calculated radiative dark current when assuming negligible photon recycling, suggesting this thin-film multiple quantum well structure is operating close to the radiative limit. C1 [Welser, Roger E.; Sood, Ashok K.] Magnolia Solar Inc, CESTM B250, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Tatavarti, Sudersena Rao; Wibowo, Andree] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60048 USA. [Wilt, David M.; Howard, Alex] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Welser, RE (reprint author), Magnolia Solar Inc, CESTM B250, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM rwelser@magnoliasolar.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-448-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9358 AR 93580Q DI 10.1117/12.2185571 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FQ UT WOS:000353897400017 ER PT S AU Burke, JH AF Burke, John H. BE Shahriar, SM Scheuer, J TI Magnetically-guided cold atom gyroscopes and their photonic requirements SO SLOW LIGHT, FAST LIGHT, AND OPTO-ATOMIC PRECISION METROLOGY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Slow Light, Fast Light, and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology VIII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometry; Gyroscope; Atom Interferometry; Atom Optics; Bragg Diffraction; Cold Atom; BEC AB This paper focuses on several key ideas to using atom interferometry to detect rotation within the context of an atom trap or "guide". I discuss shortcomings of traditional free space light pulse atom interferometry that the advantages of guided light pulse atom interferometry can mitigate and under what conditions that strategy is possible. There is discussion of requirements for the light pulses, and the properties of the waveguide that will be needed for guided atom interferometry to successfully improve on the capability of free space light pulse atom interferometry C1 US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Burke, JH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 1550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM john.burke.10@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-468-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9378 AR 93781Z DI 10.1117/12.2087490 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6OQ UT WOS:000354263300018 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Sanamyan, T Berry, PA AF Evans, Jonathan W. Sanamyan, Tigran Berry, Patrick A. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI A continuous-wave Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by an efficient Er:Y2O3 laser SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXIV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXIV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 08-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state lasers; mid-IR lasers; transition-metal lasers ID FE/ZNSE LASER; ZNSE AB Fe:ZnSe lasers have been pumped by several types of diode-pumped solid state laser, including Cr:Er:YSGG (2800 nm),(1) Cr:CdSe (2970 nm),(2) and Er:YAG (2698 nm,(3) 2936 nm(4)). None of these sources has exceeded 1.5 W of true continuous-wave (CW) output power. In this work, we report demonstration of a CW Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a 10 W Er:Y2O3 laser emitting at 2740 nm,(5) which had not been previously attempted. The Er:Y2O3 pump laser was characterized with respect to propagation losses, beam quality, mode size, and pointing stability. It was determined that the limit of output power from the Fe:ZnSe laser was limited by the output stability of the pump laser. The Fe:ZnSe laser operated with >22% slope efficiency and 800 mW output power was achieved at approximately 4050 nm. C1 [Evans, Jonathan W.; Berry, Patrick A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sanamyan, Tigran] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.evans.6@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-432-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9342 AR UNSP 93420F DI 10.1117/12.2079757 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FA UT WOS:000353888400012 ER PT S AU McDaniel, SA Berry, PA Schepler, KL Macdonald, JR Beecher, SJ Kar, AK AF McDaniel, Sean A. Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. Macdonald, John R. Beecher, Stephen J. Kar, Ajoy K. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Gain-Switched Operation of Ultrafast Laser Inscribed Waveguides in Cr:ZnSe SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXIV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXIV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 08-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state lasers; mid-IR lasers; transition-metal lasers ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; EFFICIENT; CR2+-ZNS; MEDIA; POWER; ZNSE; NM AB We report the first demonstration of a gain-switched chromium-doped zinc selenide channel waveguide laser. The guided-wave structure was produced by ultrafast laser inscription and exhibited output pulse energies up to 12 mu J. The laser exhibited narrow spectral output with a linewidth less than 1 nm. The beam quality was measured to be M-2 <= 7 with a highly multimode output profile. The laser had a maximum slope efficiency of 9.8% and no deleterious thermal effects were observed up to an average pump power of 3.3 W. C1 [McDaniel, Sean A.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Berry, Patrick A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schepler, Kenneth L.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Macdonald, John R.; Kar, Ajoy K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4A5, Midlothian, Scotland. [Beecher, Stephen J.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP McDaniel, SA (reprint author), Leidos Inc, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sean.a.mcdaniel@leidos.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-432-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9342 AR 93420E DI 10.1117/12.2079396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FA UT WOS:000353888400011 ER PT J AU Aradag, S Seidel, J Cummings, RM Cook, L AF Aradag, Selin Seidel, Jurgen Cummings, Russell M. Cook, Layne TI AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A VERTICALLY LANDING LIFTING BODY SO ISI BILIMI VE TEKNIGI DERGISI-JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; vertical landing; aerodynamics; flow control; blowing ID PERIODIC EXCITATION; LAYERS; FLOW AB The vertical landing lifting body (VLLB) is a new concept for reusable launch vehicles, which launches vertically, but re-enters the atmosphere at a high angle of attack (alpha) for its entire flight. The VLLB remains at high angles of attack through all Mach numbers under aerodynamic control until shortly before touchdown. One of the important risk areas for the VLLB concept concerns flight below Mach 2 at high angles of attack where the flow is dominated by separated, highly vortical behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and control effectiveness of the high-alpha flow of the Hot Eagle Vertically Landing Lifting Body geometry. Several test cases were performed utilizing Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) to both analyze and control the flow over Hot Eagle geometry at different flow conditions. According to results of the time-dependent DES computations, the flow is symmetric and steady at both subsonic and transonic Mach numbers for both 45 and 60 degrees angle of attack. As the angle of attack or the Mach number increases, the vortices get stronger; but the flow remains steady and symmetric. This is probably because of the blunt nature of the nose and its cross-section. Symmetric and asymmetric blowing were performed to control the flow structure around the body. Different blowing rates have been investigated, and the vehicle is found to be controllable with reasonable amounts of blowing. C1 [Aradag, Selin] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, Layne] Universal Space Lines LLC, Broomfield, CO 80020 USA. RP Aradag, S (reprint author), TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM saradag@etu.edu.tr FU Universal Space Lines LLC; AFRL FX This research was supported by Universal Space Lines LLC, monitored by Mike Talbot and Mike Mahoney. Funding for the work came from AFRL under the sponsorship of Jess Sponable. The authors would also like to thank to Dr. Dave McDaniel for his help in creating the grid for asymmetric blowing. The results of this study were presented at an AIAA conference. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TURKISH SOC THERMAL SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY PI ANKARA PA TIBTD MAKINA MUHENDISLIGI BOLUMU ODTU, ANKARA, 06531, TURKEY SN 1300-3615 J9 ISI BILIM TEK DERG JI ISI Bilim. Tek. Derg. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CH2KX UT WOS:000353855200005 ER PT S AU Bochove, E Neschke, B Nair, N Delgado, P Braiman, Y AF Bochove, Erik Neschke, Brendan Nair, Niketh Delgado, Paul Braiman, Yehuda BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Phase dynamics of high radiance fiber laser arrays with active phase control SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser Arrays; Coherent Arrays; Active Feedback ID COHERENT BEAM AB The existing model of the LOCSET technique for the active phase synchronization of fiber laser arrays (T. Shay, Opt. Express, 2006) is extended to include relevant physical properties of the system, such as inherent optical path differences (OPD), line-width and group velocity dispersion (GVD), and we also include phase "jitter" of the master oscillator's output in the model, which in experiments is implemented to induce spectral broadening for suppression of nonlinear frequency conversion. Linearization of the phase error signal, which incorrectly predicts convergence to a synchronous equilibrium state, is not performed. Instead, the closed-loop control dynamics are shown to be described by differential equations of Kuramoto type when phase corrector response dynamics are negligible. Linear stability analysis indicates that there is always one and no more than one dynamically stable state. The latter is shown to be normally synchronous, except when strong "jitter" is applied. A Liapounov function is found as subject to the validity of certain symmetry conditions. C1 [Bochove, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Neschke, Brendan; Nair, Niketh; Braiman, Yehuda] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Neschke, Brendan; Nair, Niketh; Braiman, Yehuda] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Delgado, Paul] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Computat Sci, El Paso, TX 79924 USA. [Nair, Niketh; Delgado, Paul] LEIDOS, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Bochove, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-433-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9343 AR 93431C DI 10.1117/12.2080538 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AK UT WOS:000353695900027 ER PT S AU Henry, LJ Klopfer, M Jain, R AF Henry, Leanne J. Klopfer, Michael Jain, Ravinder BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Investigation of the impact of fiber Bragg grating bandwidth on the efficiency of a Raman resonator SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman resonator; linewidth broadening; fiber Bragg grating bandwidth ID LASER GUIDE STAR; 589 NM LASER; AMPLIFIERS AB Significant spectral power leakage was found to occur around the high reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) defining a 1121 nm Raman resonator cavity comprised of PM 10/125 germanosilicate fiber. This cavity was part of a Raman system pumped with broad linewidth 1069 nm and seeded with narrow linewidth 1178 nm. The 1069 nm upon entering the resonator cavity was Raman converted to 1121 nm which then amplified the 1178 nm as it passed through the cavity. Spectral leakage of 1121 nm light from the resonator cavity resulted in sub-optimal amplification of 1178 nm which forced usage of longer resonator cavities having a decreased threshold for Stimulated Brillouin Scattering. Upon study of 1121 nm linewidth broadening as a function of resonator length for cavities employing 3 nm FBGs, differences in the percentage of 1121 nm power spectrally leaking past the output FBG as a function of the 1121 nm intracavity power propagating in the forward direction are not experimentally discernible for resonator cavities longer than 40 m. But, for cavity's shorter than 40 m, the percentage of 1121 nm power spectrally leaking past the output FBG decreased significantly for similar 1121 nm intracavity power levels. For all cavity lengths, a nearly linear relationship exists between percent 1121 nm power leakage and intracavity power levels. Also, cavities employing broader bandwidth FBGs experience less 1121 nm power leakage for similar 1121 nm intracavity power levels. Finally, modeling predictions of Raman system performance are greatly improved upon usage of experimentally derived effective FBG reflectivities. C1 [Henry, Leanne J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Klopfer, Michael; Jain, Ravinder] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-433-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9343 AR 93431Q DI 10.1117/12.2074642 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AK UT WOS:000353695900037 ER PT S AU Nair, N Bochove, EJ Aceves, AB Zunoubi, MR Braiman, Y AF Nair, Niketh Bochove, Erik J. Aceves, Alejandro B. Zunoubi, Mohammad R. Braiman, Yehuda BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Resonator modes and mode dynamics for an external cavity-coupled laser array SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Coupled mode theory; coherent beam combining; laser arrays; passive phasing ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; MULTICORE FIBER; WAVE-GUIDES; EIGENMODES; FEEDBACK AB Employing a Fox-Li approach, we derived the cold-cavity mode structure and a coupled mode theory for a phased array of N single-transverse-mode active waveguides with feedback from an external cavity. We applied the analysis to a system with arbitrary laser lengths, external cavity design and coupling strengths to the external cavity. The entire system was treated as a single resonator. The effect of the external cavity was modeled by a set of boundary conditions expressed by an N-by-N frequency-dependent matrix relation between incident and reflected fields at the interface with the external cavity. The coupled mode theory can be adapted to various types of gain media and internal and external cavity designs. C1 [Nair, Niketh; Braiman, Yehuda] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nair, Niketh; Braiman, Yehuda] Univ Tennessee, Dept Engn Mech, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bochove, Erik J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Aceves, Alejandro B.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. RP Nair, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nnair@vols.utk.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-433-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9343 AR 93431D DI 10.1117/12.2080569 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AK UT WOS:000353695900028 ER PT J AU Webb, TS Whitehead, CR Wells, TS Gore, RK Otte, CN AF Webb, Timothy S. Whitehead, Casserly R. Wells, Timothy S. Gore, Russell K. Otte, Clifford N. TI Neurologically-related sequelae associated with mild traumatic brain injury SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE Concussion; mild brain injury; neurological; post-concussional syndrome ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PERSISTENT POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME; MINOR HEAD-INJURY; UNITED-STATES; WAR VETERANS; CHRONIC PAIN; IRAQ; EPILEPSY; SLEEP AB Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for more than 75% of traumatic brain injuries every year. This study examines the temporal association between non-blast mTBI and the onset of neurologic sequelae to illuminate risks of post-concussive syndrome, epilepsy and chronic pain. Methods: A large historical prospective study was conducted utilizing electronically-recorded demographic, medical and military-specific data for over half a million active duty US Air Force Airmen. This study utilized diagnostic codes to identify mTBI exposures, two control groups and three post-mTBI time periods. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modelling. Results: HRs were higher when mTBI exposed Airmen were compared with the full cohort and lower when compared with the other injured group. When compared to the other injured group, mTBI was positively associated with epilepsy/recurrent seizure outcomes, post-concussive syndrome and pain disorders. HRs tended to be highest within the first 30 days and decreased over time. Conclusions: Findings support that mTBI may have a prolonged neurological impact. Findings are also likely generalizable to young adult populations with exposure to non-blast related mTBI, including civilians, as those included in this study were young adults with a high prevalence of recreational/sports and motor vehicle injuries. C1 [Webb, Timothy S.; Wells, Timothy S.] Air Force Res Lab, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Whitehead, Casserly R.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gore, Russell K.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Otte, Clifford N.] Def Hlth Program Res Management Div, Plans & Programs Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Whitehead, CR (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway,Suite 210, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM casserly.whitehead.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Gore, Russell/N-8988-2016 OI Gore, Russell/0000-0002-8012-1579 FU Defense Center of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury FX This study was conducted in accordance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research as approved by Air Force Research Laboratory/Wright Site Institutional Review Board (Protocol F-WR-2009-0066-H). This study was funded by the Defense Center of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. The statements herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions represented by the authors. All authors made significant contributions to this study. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 EI 1362-301X J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.3109/02699052.2014.989904 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA CF8JE UT WOS:000352803300003 PM 25541640 ER PT S AU Bricker, S Simmons, JP Przybyla, C Hardie, R AF Bricker, Stephen Simmons, J. P. Przybyla, Craig Hardie, Russell BE Bouman, CA Sauer, KD TI Anomaly Detection of Microstructural Defects in Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging XIII CY FEB 10-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Fiber reinforced composites; Ceramic matrix composites; Anomaly detection; Gaussian mixture modeling; Color visualization; Texture anomalies; Velocity gradient tensor ID ALGORITHM AB Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) with continuous fiber reinforcements have the potential to enable the next generation of high speed hypersonic vehicles and/or significant improvements in gas turbine engine performance due to their exhibited toughness when subjected to high mechanical loads at extreme temperatures (2200F+). Reinforced fiber composites (RFC) provide increased fracture toughness, crack growth resistance, and strength, though little is known about how stochastic variation and imperfections in the material effect material properties. In this work, tools are developed for quantifying anomalies within the microstructure at several scales. The detection and characterization of anomalous microstructure is a critical step in linking production techniques to properties, as well as in accurate material simulation and property prediction for the integrated computation materials engineering (ICME) of RFC based components. It is desired to find statistical outliers for any number of material characteristics such as fibers, fiber coatings, and pores. Here, fiber orientation, or 'velocity', and 'velocity' gradient are developed and examined for anomalous behavior. Categorizing anomalous behavior in the CMC is approached by multivariate Gaussian mixture modeling. A Gaussian mixture is employed to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of the features in question, and anomalies are classified by their likelihood of belonging to the statistical normal behavior for that feature. C1 [Bricker, Stephen] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bricker, Stephen; Hardie, Russell] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Simmons, J. P.; Przybyla, Craig] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bricker, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 1700 S Patterson Blvd, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-491-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9401 AR 94010A DI 10.1117/12.2079679 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC5AJ UT WOS:000353126600008 ER PT S AU Roth, CC Barnes, RA Ibey, BL Beier, HT Moen, EK Glickman, RD AF Roth, Caleb C. Barnes, Ronald A., Jr. Ibey, Bennett L. Beier, Hope T. Moen, Erick K. Glickman, Randolph D. BE Ryan, TP TI Cells Exposed to Nanosecond Electrical Pulses Exhibit Genetic Biomarkers of Mechanical Stress SO ENERGY-BASED TREATMENT OF TISSUE AND ASSESSMENT VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Energy-Based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VIII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT CELLS; MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; EXPRESSION; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; TRANSLOCATION; INDUCTION; STRETCH; MUSCLE AB Exposures of cells to very short (<1 mu s) electric pulses in the megavolt/meter range have been shown to cause disruption of the plasma membrane. This disruption is often characterized by the formation of numerous small pores (<2 nm in diameter) in the plasma membrane that last for several minutes, allowing the flow of ions into the cell. These small pores are called nanopores and the resulting damage to the plasma membrane is referred to as nanoporation. Nanosecond electrical pulse (nsEP) exposure can impart many different stressors on a cell, including electrical, electro-chemical, and mechanical stress. Thus, nsEP exposure is not a "clean" insult, making determination of the mechanism of nanoporation quite difficult. We hypothesize that nsEP exposure creates acoustic shock waves capable of causing nanoporation. Microarray analysis of primary adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) exposed to nsEP, indicated several genes associated with mechanical stress were selectively upregulated 4 h post exposure. The idea that nanoporation is caused by external mechanical force from acoustic shock waves has, to our knowledge, not been investigated. This work will critically challenge the existing paradigm that nanoporation is caused solely by an electric-field driven event and could provide the basis for a plausible explanation for electroporation. C1 [Roth, Caleb C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, Dept Radiol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Barnes, Ronald A., Jr.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Elect Engn, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ibey, Bennett L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div,Human Effectiveness Directorate,Hu, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Beier, Hope T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div,Human Effectiveness Directorate,Hu, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Moen, Erick K.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Glickman, Randolph D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Roth, CC (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, Dept Radiol Sci, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-416-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9326 AR 932612 DI 10.1117/12.2080219 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BC5SU UT WOS:000353555600035 ER PT S AU Steelman, ZA Tolstykh, GP Estlack, L Roth, CC Ibey, BL AF Steelman, Zachary A. Tolstykh, Gleb P. Estlack, Larry Roth, Caleb C. Ibey, Bennett L. BE Ryan, TP TI The Role of PIP2 and the IP3/DAG Pathway in Intracellular Calcium Release and Cell Survival During Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposures SO ENERGY-BASED TREATMENT OF TISSUE AND ASSESSMENT VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Energy-Based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VIII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE PIP2; Nanoporation; Edelfosine; nsPEF; Calcium Bursts; IP3; DAG AB Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-biphosphate (PIP2) is a membrane phospholipid of particular importance in cell-signaling pathways. Hydrolysis of PIP2 releases inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) from the membrane, activating IP3 receptors on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitating a release of intracellular calcium stores and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Recent studies suggest that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) cause depletion of PIP2 in the cellular membrane, activating the IP3 signaling pathway. However, the exact mechanism(s) causing this observed depletion of PIP2 are unknown. Complicating the matter, nsPEF create nanopores in the plasma membrane, allowing calcium to enter the cell and thus causing an increase in intracellular calcium. While elevated intracellular calcium can cause activation of phospholipase C (PLC) (a known catalyst of PIP2 hydrolysis), PIP2 depletion has been shown to occur in the absence of both extracellular and intracellular calcium. These observations have led to the hypothesis that the high electric field itself may be playing a direct role in the hydrolysis of PIP2 from the plasma membrane. To support this hypothesis, we used edelfosine to block PLC and prevent activation of the IP3/DAG pathway in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells prior to applying nsPEF. Fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor intracellular calcium bursts during nsPEF, while MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) survivability assays were utilized to determine whether edelfosine improved cell survival during nsPEF exposure. This work is critical to refine the role of PIP2 in the cellular response to nsPEF, and also to determine the fundamental biological effects of high electric field exposures. C1 [Steelman, Zachary A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tolstykh, Gleb P.; Estlack, Larry] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Roth, Caleb C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ibey, Bennett L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div,Human Effectiveness Directorate,Hu, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Steelman, ZA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-416-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9326 AR 932611 DI 10.1117/12.2079928 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BC5SU UT WOS:000353555600034 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Li, HB Rangaswamy, M AF Chen, Zhu Li, Hongbin Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Conjugate Gradient Adaptive Matched Filter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DETECTION; PARAMETRIC GLRT; CONVERGENCE; DETECTOR; RADAR AB We consider an adaptive reduced-rank detector, referred to as the CG-AMF detector, which is obtained by using the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm to solve for the weight vector of the adaptive matched filter (AMF). The CG is a computationally efficient iterative algorithm, which finds the projection of the AMF weight vector to the Krylov subspace with a dimension growing with the CG iterations. This effectively leads to a family of reduced-rank detectors indexed by the number of CG iterations. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of the CG-AMF detector in the presence of strong clutter/interference. Specifically, by exploiting a connection between the CG algorithm and the Lanczos algorithm, we show the output SINR can be asymptotically expressed in a simple form involving a Ritz vector of the sample covariance matrix. The probability density function (pdf) and expected value of the output SINR are then obtained based on this approximation. Our theoretical analysis of the CG-AMF detector is verified by computer simulation. Numerical comparisons are also made with several popular reduced-rank detectors using either data-independent or data-dependent rank reduction approaches. Our results show that for a fixed training size, the CG-AMF detector often reaches its peak output SINR with a lower rank compared with the other reduced-rank detectors, which implies that the CG-AMF detector has lower computational complexity and less training requirement. C1 [Chen, Zhu] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Broadcom Corp, Matawan, NJ 07747 USA. EM Hongbin.Li@stevens.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 178 EP 191 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130419 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900015 ER PT J AU Liu, J Li, HB Himed, B AF Liu, Jun Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham TI Persymmetric Adaptive Target Detection With Distributed MIMO Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY-HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; WIDELY SEPARATED ANTENNAS; COVARIANCE MATRICES; VELOCITY ESTIMATION; EXACT PERFORMANCE; CLUTTER; INTERFERENCE; NONCOHERENT; ALGORITHM AB Based on persymmetric structures in received signals, we consider the adaptive detection problem in colored Gaussian noise with unknown persymmetric covariance matrix in a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radar with spatially dispersed antennas. To this end, a set of secondary data for each transmit-receive pair is assumed to be available. A MIMO version of the persymmetric generalized likelihood ratio test (MIMO-PGLRT) detector is proposed. A closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm of this detector is derived. In addition, a MIMO version of the persymmetric sample matrix inversion (MIMO-PSMI) detector is also developed. Compared to the MIMO-PGLRT detector, MIMO-PSMI has a simpler form and is computationally more efficient. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed two detection algorithms can significantly alleviate the requirement of the amount of secondary data and allow for a noticeable improvement in detection performance. C1 [Liu, Jun] Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. [Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, RF Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. EM hli@stevens.edu FU Dynetics, Inc. - Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX This work was supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 372 EP 382 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130652 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900029 ER PT J AU Kang, BS Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Computationally Efficient Toeplitz Approximation of Structured Covariance Under a Rank Constraint SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; MATRIX ESTIMATION; RADAR DETECTION; AIRBORNE RADAR; ADAPTIVE RADAR AB Disturbance covariance estimation is a centrally important problem in radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP). Because training is invariably scarce, estimators that exploit inherent structure and physical radar constraints are needed in practice. This paper develops a new computationally efficient estimator that obtains a Toeplitz approximation of the structured interference covariance under a rank constraint. Previous work has shown that exact maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of Toeplitz covariance matrix has no closed-form solution, and most versions of this problem result in iterative estimators that are computationally expensive. Our proposed solution focuses on a computationally efficient approximation and involves a cascade of two closed-form solutions. First, we obtain the rank-constrained ML estimator whose merits have recently been established firmly for radar STAP. The central contribution of this paper is the rank-preserving Toeplitz approximation, which we demonstrate can be modeled as an equality-constrained quadratic program and also admits a closed form. Extensive performance evaluation on both simulated and knowledge-aided sensor signal processing and expert reasoning data confirms that the proposed estimator yields unbeatable performance for radar STAP under the previously stated conditions of rank and Toeplitz constraints. C1 [Kang, Bosung; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, BS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, 104 EE East, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0333]; AFOSR [2311IN] FX Research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0333. M. Rangaswamy was supported by the AFOSR under Project No. 2311IN. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130647 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900063 ER PT J AU Pelser, AC AF Pelser, Adam C. TI The Emotions: A Philosophical Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pelser, Adam C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pelser, AC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM adam.pelser@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1740-4681 EI 1745-5243 J9 J MORAL PHILOS JI J. Moral Philos. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1163/17455243-01202003 PG 4 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA CF1UU UT WOS:000352334200007 ER PT S AU Lukishova, SG Winkler, JM Mihaylova, D Liapis, A Bissell, LJ Goldberg, D Menon, VM Shi, ZM Boyd, RW Chen, GN Prasad, P AF Lukishova, Svetlana G. Winkler, Justin M. Mihaylova, Dilyana Liapis, Andreas Bissell, Luke J. Goldberg, David Menon, Vinod M. Shi, Zhimin Boyd, Robert W. Chen, Guanuing Prasad, Paras GP IOP TI Nanocrystal fluorescence in photonic bandgap microcavities and plasmonic nanoantennas SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP (LPHYS'14) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Sofia, BULGARIA HO Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL HOST; DYE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; SINGLE AB Results are presented here towards robust room-temperature single-photon sources based on fluorescence in nanocrystals: colloidal quantum dots, color-center diamonds and doped with trivalent rare-earth ions (TR3+). We used cholesteric chiral photonic bandgap and Bragg-reflector microcavities for single emitter fluorescence enhancement. We also developed plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas and 2D-Si-photonic bandgap microcavities. C1 [Lukishova, Svetlana G.; Mihaylova, Dilyana; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Winkler, Justin M.; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Liapis, Andreas] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bissell, Luke J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldberg, David; Menon, Vinod M.] CUNY, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shi, Zhimin] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Ottawa, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Chen, Guanuing; Prasad, Paras] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Chen, Guanuing; Prasad, Paras] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Lukishova, SG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM sluk@lle.rochester.edu OI Liapis, Andreas/0000-0001-6810-3354 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 594 AR 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/594/1/012005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC3YJ UT WOS:000352084500004 ER PT J AU Lin, H Lou, J Gao, Y Hasegawa, R Liu, M Howe, B Jones, J Brown, G Sun, NX AF Lin, Hwaider Lou, Jing Gao, Yuan Hasegawa, Ryusuke Liu, Ming Howe, Brandon Jones, John Brown, Gail Sun, Nian X. TI Voltage Tunable Magnetoelectric Inductors With Improved Operational Frequency and Quality Factor for Power Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Electron devices/thin film inductors; ferroelectrics; frequency control/tunable circuits and devices; ultrasonics ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; ANTENNAS; BIAS AB Inductors find widespread use in various applications. Inductors with a large tunability of inductance and quality factor would lead to new paradigm on circuit designs. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the performance of a magnetoelectric tunable inductor. Using chemical etching, the thickness of Metglas ribbons (2605SA1) can be reduced from 24 to about 8 mu m, which dramatically reduces the eddy-current loss at higher frequencies. With the same total thickness, compared with inductor constructed with unthinned Metglas layers (2605CO), the maximum quality factor can be increased for 80%, and the operational frequency range can be extended for 10x to the >10 MHz range. An inductance tunable range of L-max/L-min = 370% was also achieved together with a significantly enhanced quality factor by similar to 3. Furthermore, with an inductor constructed with single thin Metglas (2605HB1M) layer, the maximum quality factor can be increased by 150% with single PZT slab and by 235% with double PZT slabs, and the operational frequency range can be extended by 100x with single slab and by 200x with double slabs, which makes these metallic magnetic ribbons tunable inductors competitive with ferrite materials in adaptive inductive power supply systems. C1 [Lin, Hwaider; Lou, Jing; Gao, Yuan; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hasegawa, Ryusuke] Metglas Inc, Conway, SC 29526 USA. [Liu, Ming; Howe, Brandon; Jones, John; Brown, Gail] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lin.hw@husky.neu.edu RI Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009 OI Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X FU AFRL [UES FA8650-090-D-5037]; NSF [0746810, 0824008]; ONR [N0001411M0187]; MIT Lincoln Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by AFRL under Grant UES FA8650-090-D-5037, in part by NSF under Awards 0746810 and 0824008, in part by ONR Award N0001411M0187, and in part by MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Dr. R. Hasegawa and J. Jordan from Metglas, Inc. for providing the Metglas ribbons. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 AR 4002705 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2326619 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CF2AU UT WOS:000352350300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Ervin, JS Hanchak, M Patnaik, SS Hu, X AF Johnson, Douglas J. Ervin, Jamie S. Hanchak, Michael Patnaik, Soumya S. Hu, Xin TI Graphite Foam Infused with Pentaglycerine for Solid-State Thermal Energy Storage SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA, NASA Ames Res Ctr, NASA Strateg Capabilities Assests Program ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; HEAT-STORAGE; SYSTEMS; PENTAERYTHRITOL AB The use of a solid-state phase change material, pentaglycerine, in thermal energy storage was investigated. The motivation for exploring a thermal energy storage system that relies on a solid-state phase transition is to eliminate phase change material leakage and sealing issues. Pentaglycerine was effectively injected into graphite foam, and this combination was studied for potential use in a thermal energy storage device. Graphite foam samples that contained pentaglycerine demonstrated a storage capacity that was close to the theoretical capacity. The graphite foam infused with pentaglycerine retained 100% of its storage capacity after 59 separate thermal cycles under various conditions, with many of those cycles contiguous. It was subjected to a 28% duty cycle of applied heat flux under active cooling conditions, and the duty cycle of the sample was not adversely affected by subcooling of the pentaglycerine. The one-dimensional model developed for this study assumed a homogeneous mixture of pentaglycerine and foam which were in local thermal equilibrium with each other. The numerical results reasonably represented the effects of phase change as reflected by the temperature histories for several locations within a graphite foam-pentaglycerine sample. The current study showed that the graphite foam-pentaglycerine combination has potential for use in thermal energy storage devices. C1 [Johnson, Douglas J.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQQM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hu, Xin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Johnson, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.2514/1.T4484 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CE1XU UT WOS:000351607000005 ER PT J AU Mathur, V Vangala, S Khoury, J AF Mathur, Vaibhav Vangala, Shiva Khoury, Jed TI Fabrication and characterization of an all optically addressed micromirror array SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; thin film resistors; wafer fusion; adaptive optics ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; MEMBRANE; MIRRORS AB We describe the fabrication process for an optically addressed adaptive optics array. The device consists of a micromirror array cascaded directly on wafer fused gallium arsenide (GaAs)-gallium phosphide (GaP) photodiodes. Optically addressing a photodiode generates a photocurrent which in turn causes a voltage drop across the cascaded mirror via an integrated thin film resistor. This architecture allows parallel optical addressing of individual elements without the need for wire bonding each pixel, which can enable higher density segmented type arrays. We first describe a fabrication process for releasing a free-standing array of low stress SixN micromirrors on an indium phosphide (InP) support substrate. We then present a process for transferring GaAs p-i-n photodiodes on a transparent GaP support substrate using a specially designed wafer fusion fixture. The two samples when stacked together and electrically connected via a specially formulated and patterned semiconductive SU-8 resist form the final device. We report mirror displacements of up to 500 nm using this technique while requiring an optical signal as low as 150 mu W. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Mathur, Vaibhav] Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Vangala, Shiva] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Vangala, Shiva; Khoury, Jed] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mathur, V (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM vaibhav_mathur@yahoo.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Professor William Goodhue, director, Photonics Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. This work was carried out when Vaibhav Mathur was a doctoral student and Shiva Vangala was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for part of their financial support. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 AR 015501 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.14.1.015501 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA CE2IZ UT WOS:000351640600024 ER PT B AU Rappaport, YK Boucouvalas, M AF Rappaport, Yvonne K. Boucouvalas, Marcie BE Imel, S Bersch, GT TI BONARO WILKINSON OVERSTREET Adult Education for an Educated Citizenry SO NO SMALL LIVES: HANDBOOK OF NORTH AMERICAN EARLY WOMEN ADULT EDUCATORS, 1925-1950 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rappaport, Yvonne K.] Univ Virginia UVA Northern Virginia Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Rappaport, Yvonne K.] UVA Continuing Educ Women Program, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Rappaport, Yvonne K.] US Air Force, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Boucouvalas, Marcie] Virginia Tech Natl Capital Reg, Adult Learning & Human Resource Dev, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Boucouvalas, Marcie] AAACEs Commiss Int Adult Educ, Bowie, MD USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-883-0; 978-1-62396-884-7 PY 2015 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Women's Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Women's Studies GA BC2CD UT WOS:000350710100022 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM AF Cummings, Russell M. TI Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Flows SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; DESIGN C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee; NATO Applied Vehicle Technology hypersonic transition working groups FX Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Editor-in-Chief, Vincent Zoby, has provided continuous support and encouragement to the completion of this special section. His dedication to this journal and the engineering and scientific disciplines it supports has been tireless; we greatly appreciate his efforts in steering this journal for the past 20 years. Support is also acknowledged from the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee and NATO Applied Vehicle Technology hypersonic transition working groups. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 DI 10.2514/1.A33030 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800002 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Adamczak, D Paull, A Paull, R Shannon, J Pietsch, R Frost, M Alesi, H AF Kimmel, Roger L. Adamczak, David Paull, Allan Paull, Ross Shannon, Jeremy Pietsch, Robert Frost, Myles Alesi, Hans TI HIFiRE-1 Ascent-Phase Boundary-Layer Transition SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND TEST; ROUGHNESS AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program is a hypersonic flight test program. The primary experiment for flight one, launched in March 2010, was to measure boundary-layer transition in hypersonic flight on a nonablating, 7 deg half-angle axisymmetric cone with a small bluntness of 2.5 mm radius. The flight gathered pressure, temperature, and heat transfer measurements during ascent and reentry. Although the vehicle reentered the atmosphere at a higher-than-intended angle of attack, the ascent portion of the flight provided smooth-body boundary-layer transition data at freestream Mach numbers greater than 5, where transition was presumed to be dominated by second-mode instability. The angle of attack during this portion of the flight was less than 1 deg. The end of turbulent-to-laminar transition occurred at Reynolds numbers between 10.3 x 10(6) and 12.2 x 10(6), based on x-location and freestream conditions. Transition was correlated with second-mode N-factors of approximately 14. Smooth-body transition showed good azimuthal uniformity. High-bandwidth transducers indicated some intermittency in the transition process. Fluctuating pressures, relative to the cone mean pressure, were relatively constant beneath the turbulent boundary layer, but peaked in amplitude just before transition. A diamond-shaped trip retained turbulent flow through ascent until reaching a roughness Reynolds number Re-kk = 2200. C1 [Kimmel, Roger L.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamczak, David] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQHV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Paull, Allan; Paull, Ross; Shannon, Jeremy; Pietsch, Robert; Frost, Myles; Alesi, Hans] Def Sci & Technol Org, Appl Hyperson Branch, Air Vehicles Div, Kenmore, Qld 4069, Australia. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Bldg 18,Room A115,1950 5th Street, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO); [AF-06-0046] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) and was carried out under Project Agreement AF-06-0046. Many thanks are extended to the Royal Australia Navy Ranges and Assessing Unit, Aerospace Operational Support Group, Royal Australian Air Force, White Sands Missile Range, DTI/Kratos, and all members of the DSTO Air Vehicles Division Team Brisbane. The authors also wish to acknowledge the efforts and support of Douglas Dolvin, AFRL/RQHV, and John Schmisseur, AFOSR. The best-estimated atmosphere was provided by Mary Bedrick of Detachment 3 Air Force Weather Agency. Matthew Borg of AFRL/RQHF and Scott Stanfield of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., assisted in data analysis. Mark Smith of NASA Dryden Flight Research Center developed a best-estimated trajectory, and Thomas Squire of NASA Ames Research Center performed additional thermal analysis. John Lafferty and colleagues at AEDC/TSTT provided valuable assistance in instrumentation selection and analysis. The authors also wish to thank Steven Schneider of Purdue University, David Kuntz of Sandia National Laboratories, Skip Williams of AFRL, and Fei Li and Meelan Choudhari of NASA Langley Research Center for advice and assistance. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.2514/1.A32851 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800020 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Haugan, HJ Mahalingam, K Grazulis, L Elhamri, S AF Brown, G. J. Haugan, H. J. Mahalingam, K. Grazulis, L. Elhamri, S. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Impact of MBE deposition conditions on InAs/GaInSb superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB The objective of this work is to establish molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth processes that can produce high quality InAs/GaInSb superlattice (SL) materials specifically tailored for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detection. To accomplish this goal, several series of MBE growth optimization studies, using a SL structure of 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb, were performed to refine the MBE growth process and optimize growth parameters. Experimental results demonstrated that our "slow" MBE growth process can consistently produce an energy gap near 50 meV. This is an important factor in narrow band gap SLs. However, there are other growth factors that also impact the electrical and optical properties of the SL materials. The SL layers are particularly sensitive to the anion incorporation condition formed during the surface reconstruction process. Since antisite defects are potentially responsible for the inherent residual carrier concentrations and short carrier lifetimes, the optimization of anion incorporation conditions, by manipulating anion fluxes, anion species, and deposition temperature, was systematically studied. Optimization results are reported in the context of comparative studies on the influence of the growth temperature on the crystal structural quality and surface roughness performed under a designed set of deposition conditions. The optimized SL samples produced an overall strong photoresponse signal with a relatively sharp band edge that is essential for developing VLWIR detectors. A quantitative analysis of the lattice strain, performed at the atomic scale by aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy, provided valuable information about the strain distribution at the GaInSb-on-InAs interface and in the InAs layers, which was important for optimizing the anion conditions. C1 [Brown, G. J.; Haugan, H. J.; Mahalingam, K.; Grazulis, L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-460-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9370 AR 93700H DI 10.1117/12.2077817 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NA UT WOS:000350275500010 ER PT S AU Kazemi, A Nami, M Kim, JO Allen, MS Allen, JW Wenner, BR Brown, DP Urbas, A Feezell, D Mitchell, B Krishna, S AF Kazemi, Alireza Nami, Mohsen Kim, Jun Oh Allen, Monica S. Allen, Jeffery W. Wenner, Brett R. Brown, Dean P. Urbas, Augustine Feezell, Daniel Mitchell, Bill Krishna, Sanjay BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI INVESTIGATION OF PLASMONIC ENHANCEMENT IN A QUANTUM DOT-IN-A-WELL STRUCTURE SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE split-ring-resonator (SRR); quantum dot-in-a-well (DWELL); plasmonic enhancement; near-field coupling ID NEGATIVE PERMEABILITY; INFRARED DETECTORS; METAMATERIALS; PHOTODETECTORS; PERMITTIVITY; FREQUENCIES AB Metallic metamaterial structures are used in nanophotonics applications in order to localize and enhance an incident electromagnetic field. We have theoretically and experimentally studied resonant coupling between plasmonic modes of an SRR array and a quantum dot-in-a-well (DWELL) heterostructure. The near-field distribution from the SRRs on the GaAs substrate was first modeled by electromagnetic simulations and optimized SRR dimensions for maximum near-field coupling at the peak absorption were extracted. The DWELL sample with a ground state emission peak at 1240 nm was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The sample was uniformly covered with an array of SRRs, and patterned by standard electron-beam-lithography. In order to study the near field coupling of the plasmonic structure into the DWELL, optical characterization was performed on the SRR-DWELL heterostructure, including room temperature photoluminescence, and transmission measurement. C1 [Kazemi, Alireza; Nami, Mohsen; Kim, Jun Oh; Feezell, Daniel; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allen, Monica S.; Allen, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Wenner, Brett R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brown, Dean P.; Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brown, Dean P.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Mitchell, Bill] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Krishna, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM skrishna@chtm.unm.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-460-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9370 AR 937019 DI 10.1117/12.2076227 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NA UT WOS:000350275500034 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Haugan, HJ Berney, R Mou, S Brown, GJ AF Mitchel, W. C. Elhamri, S. Haugan, H. J. Berney, R. Mou, Shin Brown, G. J. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Electrical Isolation of Type II InAs/InGaSb Superlattices from GaSb Substrates SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID MIDINFRARED DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB We show here that n-type InAs/InGaSb superlattices can be electrically isolated from lightly doped n-type GaSb substrates at much higher temperatures than from the more common undoped p-type GaSb substrates without the use of a large band gap insulating buffer layer. Temperature dependent Hall effect measurements show superlattice conduction up to near room temperature, which is significantly higher than the 20 K observed for p-type substrates. Multi-carrier analysis of magnetic field dependent transport data demonstrate the absence of a substrate related conduction channel. We argue that the isolation is due to the depletion layer at the p-n junction between the p-type buffer layer and the n-type substrate. C1 [Mitchel, W. C.; Haugan, H. J.; Mou, Shin; Brown, G. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.; Berney, R.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-460-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9370 AR 937038 DI 10.1117/12.2080847 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NA UT WOS:000350275500079 ER PT J AU Maybury, M AF Maybury, Mark TI Toward the Assured Cyberspace Advantage: Air Force Cyber Vision 2025 SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Maybury, Mark] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Maybury, Mark] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Maybury, M (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM maybury@mitre.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CB5ML UT WOS:000349671400010 ER PT J AU Grach, SM Sergeev, EN Mishin, EV Shindin, AV McCarrick, M AF Grach, S. M. Sergeev, E. N. Mishin, E. V. Shindin, A. V. McCarrick, M. TI Intermediate downshifted maximum of stimulated electromagnetic emission at high-power HF heating: A new twist on an old problem SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stimulated electromagnetic emissions; HF heating experiments ID PUMP WAVE FREQUENCY; LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; SPECTRAL FEATURES; IONOSPHERE AB We report a new spectral feature of Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) from the F region ionosphere observed during high-power HF heating experiments at the SURA and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program heating facilities. It is located in the SEE spectrum between the pump wave frequency f(0) and the well-known Downshifted Maximum and thus named the Intermediate Downshifted Maximum (IDM). IDM appears at effective radiated powers (ERP) P(0)30MW and the pump frequencies above electron gyroharmonics, f0-sfce50 (up to 250)kHz (s = 2, 3, 4). It mirrors the well-known Upshifted Maximum (UM) relative to f(0). The salient stationary and dynamic properties of IDM are described and discussed. C1 [Grach, S. M.; Sergeev, E. N.; Shindin, A. V.] Lobachevsky State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Natl Res Univ, Niznny Novgorod, Russia. [Sergeev, E. N.] Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Mishin, E. V.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McCarrick, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Evgeny.Mishin@us.af.mil RI Shindin, Alexey/R-8728-2016; OI Shindin, Alexey/0000-0003-1242-5666; Grach, Savely/0000-0003-1726-4793 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-02-00513, 13-02-12074]; Russian Scientific Foundation [14 12 00706]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX S.M.G., E.N.S., and A.V.S. were supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects 12-02-00513, 13-02-12074 (Introduction and Experimental results) and Russian Scientific Foundation (project 14 12 00706 (Discussion and Summary)). E.V.M. was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The HAARP facility operation was provided by U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. Data can be requested from S. Grach (email: sgrach@rf.unn.ru). NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1002/2014JA020423 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300043 ER PT J AU Stauch, J Jah, M AF Stauch, Jason Jah, Moriba TI Unscented Schmidt-Kalman Filter Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Stauch, Jason] Schafer Corp, Adv Concepts & Technol Div, GNC Res Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Jah, Moriba] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Stauch, J (reprint author), Schafer Corp, Adv Concepts & Technol Div, GNC Res Engn, 2309 Renard Pl Southeast, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.2514/1.G000467 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CB3VW UT WOS:000349558300011 ER PT J AU Jackson, KR Gruber, MR Buccellato, S AF Jackson, Kevin R. Gruber, Mark R. Buccellato, Salvatore TI Mach 6-8+Hydrocarbon-Fueled Scramjet Flight Experiment: The HIFiRE Flight 2 Project SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-11, 2013 CL Grapevine, TX SP AIAA AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program is a collaborative international effort designed to study basic hypersonic phenomena through flight experimentation. On 1May2012, the HIFiRE Flight 2 project successfully flew a hydrocarbon-fueled, Mach 8 scramjet experiment and demonstrated the ability to fly an accelerating, constant dynamic pressure trajectory consistent with a scramjet-powered flight vehicle using unguided sounding rocket techniques. The project goals of capturing high-quality flight data from a research scramjet operating through dual-to-scram mode transition up to and beyond Mach 8 were achieved. HIFiRE Flight 2 is unique in its contribution to scramjet research, providing a reference dataset to the hydrocarbon scramjet community while maturing a novel and reduced-cost strategy for performing similar future experiments. This paper describes the programmatic approach, the overall scramjet flight test experiment mission objectives, and the flight test strategy. It also includes an overview of launch system and payload hardware, and brief discussions of flight activities, flight data, and experimental results. Preliminary results from flight indicate a fully successful mission and experiment. Based on evaluations of data collected during the project, including ground test, flight test, and multiple analysis activities, all project-level scientific objectives have been successfully achieved. C1 [Jackson, Kevin R.; Gruber, Mark R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buccellato, Salvatore] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jackson, KR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 36 EP 53 DI 10.2514/1.B35350 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1BS UT WOS:000349362100003 ER PT J AU Briones, AM Sekar, B Shouse, DT Blunck, DL Thornburg, HJ Erdmann, TJ AF Briones, Alejandro M. Sekar, Balu Shouse, Dale T. Blunck, David L. Thornburg, Hugh J. Erdmann, Timothy J. TI Reacting Flows in Ultra-Compact Combustors with Combined-Diffuser Flameholder SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURE; EXTINCTION; FLAMES; MODEL AB In ultra-compact combustors, the length of the system is reduced by integrating the turbine turning vanes within the combustor and the primary zone is in a cavity recessed from the core flow. To understand the combustion characteristics of an ultra-compact combustor, the turning vanes were removed and a combined-diffuser flameholder was integrated upstream of a trapped-vortex combustor cavity. Two variants of the combined-diffuser flameholder are compared. In configuration A, the row of passages nearest the trapped-vortex combustor is opened, whereas for configuration B, an additional row of flow passages vertically adjacent is also open. Grid-independent three-dimensional simulations of these geometries are performed following a steady, multiphase, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, C-progress variable/flamelet approach with source terms to model effusion cooling. Nondispersive infrared analyzers were used to measure the concentrations of CO2, O2, and CO at the exit of the test section using three sets of emission rakes, with each having five vertically aligned, quick quenching sampling probes. Reasonable comparison was obtained between predictions and measurements of CO2 and O2 mass fraction profiles. Besides comparison between the two configurations, the effect of combustion on the flowfield/flamelet/flame structure is provided. Recommendations on further improvement of the design and numerical model are also discussed. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sekar, Balu] US Air Force Res Lab, Combust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shouse, Dale T.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blunck, David L.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thornburg, Hugh J.] High Performance Technol Inc, US Dept Def, High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Off User Prod Enhancement Technol Transfer & Trai, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Erdmann, Timothy J.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Div, 300 Coll Pk 0043, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-2934] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-10-2-2934. We are grateful to the High-Performance Computing Modernization Program office for providing the computational resources. Special thanks to Craig Neuroth from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/RQTC for conducting the experiments. The authors are thankful to Dave Burrus, Geoffrey Sturgess, and Jack Yoder of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. for their help with frequent technical consultations during the preparation of this paper. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.2514/1.B35141 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1BS UT WOS:000349362100019 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Bisek, NJ Kimmel, RL Stanfield, SA AF Poggie, Jonathan Bisek, Nicholas J. Kimmel, Roger L. Stanfield, Scott A. TI Spectral Characteristics of Separation Shock Unsteadiness SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPRESSION RAMP INTERACTION; LOW-FREQUENCY UNSTEADINESS; FLUCTUATING WALL PRESSURE; HIGH-ORDER METHOD; WAVE STRUCTURE; VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; SPACED DATA AB Spectra of wall-pressure fluctuations caused by separation shock unsteadiness were compared for data obtained from wind-tunnel experiments, the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation flight test 1, and large-eddy simulations. The results were found to be in generally good agreement, despite differences in Mach number and two orders of magnitude difference in Reynolds number. Relatively good agreement was obtained between these spectra and the predictions of a theory developed by Plotkin. The predictions of this theory are also qualitatively consistent with the results of experiments in which the shock motion was synchronized to controlled perturbations. The results presented here support the idea that separation unsteadiness has common features across a broad range of compressible flows and that it behaves as a selective amplifier of large-scale disturbances in the incoming flow. C1 [Poggie, Jonathan; Bisek, Nicholas J.; Kimmel, Roger L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stanfield, Scott A.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under grants monitored by J. Schmisseur. Computational resources were supplied by the U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center and at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors would like to thank R. Yentsch of Ohio State University for providing boundary-layer and momentum thicknesses for the HIFiRE-1 flight conditions. We would also like to acknowledge helpful discussions with D. Gaitonde, R. Gosse, D. Rizzetta, M. Visbal, and M. White. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 200 EP 214 DI 10.2514/1.J053029 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VU UT WOS:000349558100017 ER PT J AU Hill, TY Reitz, TL Rottmayer, MA Huang, H AF Hill, Theresa. Y. Reitz, Thomas L. Rottmayer, Michael A. Huang, Hong TI Controlling Inkjet Fluid Kinematics to Achieve SOFC Cathode Micropatterns SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; DROP-ON-DEMAND; ELECTROLYTE; SUSPENSIONS; LAYER; PRINTABILITY; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; INKS AB Drop-on-demand inkjet printing - a mask-less, fine write, and high throughput technique - is attractive for fabricating miniature ceramic devices. In this study, high quality, fine-featured solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode micropatterns were demonstrated using inkjet printing. The influence of the droplet kinematic properties on final drop deposition was studied by adjusting ink temperature and droplet velocity to obtain a wide range of Weber and Z values, i.e. 0 < Weber < 57 and 0 < Z < 24. Terpineol-based inks were evaluated, with or without dispersant (polymeric ethyl cellulose) and/or active cathode material (La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3). The balance of inertia to the surface energy of the jetted droplet was found to play a prominent role in the stability of droplets. The Weber number was found to be the good predictor for stable jetting. At Weber > 35 printing defects from splashes and satellites were present. At Weber < 35 the droplets coalesced into uniform, round circles without splashes or satellite defects. Defect-free printing was essential toward achieving uniform micropatterens such as micro dot arrays or micro lines which are on the scale of 100 microns or less. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Theresa. Y.; Reitz, Thomas L.; Rottmayer, Michael A.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerospace Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. [Hill, Theresa. Y.; Huang, Hong] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hill, TY (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerospace Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. EM Hong.Huang@wright.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 4 SI SI BP P3015 EP P3019 DI 10.1149/2.0031504jss PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CB3TA UT WOS:000349550300003 ER PT J AU Reichenstein, W Horan, SM Jennings, WW AF Reichenstein, William Horan, Stephen M. Jennings, William W. TI Two Key Concepts for Wealth Management and Beyond (Reprinted from vol 68, pg 14-22, 2012) SO FINANCIAL ANALYSTS JOURNAL LA English DT Reprint ID ALLOCATION; LOCATION; RATES AB Asset allocation is profoundly influenced by at least two underappreciated concepts. First, tax-deferred accounts-for example, 401(k)s-are like partnerships in which the investor owns (1-t(n)) of the partnership principal and the government owns the remainder, where t(n) is the marginal tax rate when the funds are withdrawn. Second, the government shares in both the return and the risk of assets held in taxable accounts. The authors discuss these concepts' implications for wealth management. C1 [Reichenstein, William] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Reichenstein, William] Retiree Inc, Lake Land, FL USA. [Horan, Stephen M.] CFA Inst, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Jennings, William W.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Reichenstein, W (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CFA INST PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA 915 EAST HIGH ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22902 USA SN 0015-198X EI 1938-3312 J9 FINANC ANAL J JI Financ. Anal. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA CB4CV UT WOS:000349576700009 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Perel, VY Misak, HE Hunt, EM Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V. Perel, V. Y. Misak, H. E. Hunt, E. M. Mall, S. TI Investigation into crack initiation from corrosion pit in 7075-T6 under ambient laboratory and saltwater environments SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Crack initiation; Corrosion pit; Aluminum alloy; Finite element analysis; Saltwater environment ID FATIGUE-STRENGTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; GROWTH; INCLUSIONS; BEHAVIOR; DEFECTS; METALS AB Transition of corrosion pit to crack was studied. Fatigue cycles to initiate 250 mu m crack from two corrosion pit configurations under ambient laboratory and saltwater environments were correlated with stress intensity factor range (Delta K-I) and applied stress range. Stress to initiate crack from through-pit was less than from corner-pit in both environments. Delta K-I to initiate crack from corner-pit was less than from through-pit in both environments. However, stress or Delta K-I to initiate crack was less in saltwater than ambient environment for both pit configurations. Fatigue damage mechanism was similar in both pit configurations and under both test environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sabelkin, V.; Perel, V. Y.; Misak, H. E.; Hunt, E. M.; Mall, S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC (Mr. Richard A. Hays). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 134 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.12.016 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA CA0CF UT WOS:000348581600008 ER PT J AU Ruiz, ON Brown, NA Fernando, KAS Harruff-Miller, BA Gunasekera, TS Bunker, CE AF Ruiz, Oscar N. Brown, Nicholas A. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Harruff-Miller, Barbara A. Gunasekera, Thusitha S. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Graphene oxide-based nanofilters efficiently remove bacteria from fuel SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Graphene oxide; Nanofilter; Nanomaterial; Filtration; Silver-coated graphene oxide; Fuels; Biocompatible; Antimicrobial ID JET FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CONTAMINATION; COMPOSITE; DEGRADATION; CORROSION; SUPPORT; DIESEL AB This study examined the applicability of graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial as an efficient filtration medium for removing bacteria from fuel: It was shown that GO columns efficiently trapped bacteria and allowed fuel to flow freely. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy confirmed that bacterial cells were trapped within the GO filter matrix and binding strength tests showed that cells were strongly bound to the GO matrix. Additionally, silver-decorated GO (Ag-GO) in the form of free-standing films and coatings were shown to be antimicrobial against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Ag-GO filter columns maintained the same filtration efficiency as undecorated GO, although some Ag-GO leached into the fuel. However, the positive results observed with Ag-GO present the possibility of combining GO with Ag-GO to increase the service life of the nanofilter by killing bacteria on contact. These findings significantly increase our understanding of the properties of GO and provide a new bioengineering application for the purification of fuel and non-polar solvents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruiz, Oscar N.; Bunker, Christopher E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Nicholas A.; Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Harruff-Miller, Barbara A.; Gunasekera, Thusitha S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ruiz, ON (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, 1790 Loop Rd Bldg 490, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oscar.ruiz@us.af.mill FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2834] FX Research reported in this article was supported by funds from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch to O.N.R and C.E.B. This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-10-2834. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 97 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.10.008 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ9TJ UT WOS:000348557700022 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (Including TASER (R) Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable? SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; TASER; conducted electrical weapon; conducted energy weapon; electronic control device; electromuscular disruption ID ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE; EXCITED DELIRIUM SYNDROME; DEATH FOLLOWING APPLICATION; SUDDEN CARDIAC-ARREST; SICKLE-CELL TRAIT; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; SUS-SCROFA; ENERGY WEAPON; MUSCLE-CONTRACTION AB TASER((R)) conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are an important law-enforcement tool. The purposes of this study are a) to review recent literature regarding potential pathophysiological responses to applications of CEWs, and other related issues and b) to evaluate whether enough data exist to determine the acceptability of longer-duration (or repeated) exposures. This is a narrative review, using a multidisciplinary approach of analyzing reports from physiological, legal-medical, and police-strategy literature sources. In general, short-duration exposures to CEWs result in limited effects. Longer-duration or repeated exposures may be utilized with caution, although there are currently not enough data to determine the acceptability of all types of exposures. Data examined in the literature have inherent limitations. Appropriateness of specific types of CEW usage may be determined by individual police agencies, applying risk/benefit analyses unique to each organization. While more research is recommended, initial concepts of potential future long-duration or repeated CEW applications are presented. C1 [Jauchem, James R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), Forens Pathophysiol LLC, 999 E Basse Rd,Suite 180, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM jrj@forensicpathophysiology.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Funding provided by The Air Force Research Laboratory. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy or decision. NR 238 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 SU 1 BP S116 EP S129 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12672 PG 14 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA AZ9YC UT WOS:000348569500015 PM 25443856 ER PT J AU Ore, MRM Lynch, D Rumsey, C AF Ore, Maj Robert M. Lynch, David Rumsey, Christopher TI Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation, Images, and Management SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UTERUS AB Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an infrequently described cause of severe genital tract bleeding. This is an important diagnostic consideration as therapeutic options differ significantly from those utilized with alternate etiologies of genital tract bleeding. Case: A 30-year-old multiparous female presented initially with vaginal bleeding, and subsequently with intra-abdominal hemorrhage. She was diagnosed with uterine AVM, and was managed with uterine artery embolization followed by eventual hysterectomy. Conclusion: AVMs, both congenital and acquired, are diagnosed utilizing a range of radiographic tools. Management modalities include embolization and hysterectomy. Our patient presented uniquely with intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Previously managed with uterine artery embolization, hysterectomy became necessary because of her clinical presentation. C1 [Ore, Maj Robert M.] David Grant Med Ctr, Womens Hlth Clin, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Lynch, David] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Rumsey, Christopher] OB GYN, Ft Drum, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP Ore, MRM (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Womens Hlth Clin, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 180 IS 1 BP E177 EP E180 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00145 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MM UT WOS:000349101400015 ER PT J AU Webber, BJ Trueblood, WE Tchandja, JN Federinko, SP Cropper, TL AF Webber, Bryant J. Trueblood, Wesley E. Tchandja, Juste N. Federinko, Susan P. Cropper, Thomas L. TI Concurrent Bilateral Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in a Military Recruit: A Case Report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ARMY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ADOLESCENT; INJURIES; FOOT; RISK AB Background: Stress fractures are overuse injuries that historically afflict a large number of military recruits, likely because of the sudden increase of high-intensity activity, such as running and marching. Case: A 23-year-old male U. S. Air Force recruit presented with hip pain during his second week of basic training and was diagnosed with bilateral femoral neck stress fractures, grade 4 on the right and grade 3 on the left. This is the first known case of concurrent bilateral femoral neck stress fractures in a U. S. military recruit reported in the medical literature. Conclusion: This report describes a severe case of stress fracture in an individual with no readily identifiable risk factors. C1 [Webber, Bryant J.; Tchandja, Juste N.; Federinko, Susan P.; Cropper, Thomas L.] US Air Force, Trainee Hlth Surveillance, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX 78236 USA. [Trueblood, Wesley E.] US Air Force, Trainee Hlth, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX 78236 USA. RP Webber, BJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Trainee Hlth Surveillance, 559 MDOS,1515 Truemper St Bldg 6612, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 180 IS 1 BP E134 EP E137 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00289 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MM UT WOS:000349101400004 PM 25562871 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Trassin, M Gao, Y Gao, Y Qiu, DN Ashraf, K Nan, TX Yang, X Bowden, SR Pierce, DT Stiles, MD Unguris, J Liu, M Howe, BM Brown, GJ Salahuddin, S Ramesh, R Sun, NX AF Zhou, Ziyao Trassin, Morgan Gao, Ya Gao, Yuan Qiu, Diana Ashraf, Khalid Nan, Tianxiang Yang, Xi Bowden, S. R. Pierce, D. T. Stiles, M. D. Unguris, J. Liu, Ming Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Salahuddin, S. Ramesh, R. Sun, Nian X. TI Probing electric field control of magnetism using ferromagnetic resonances SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM HETEROSTRUCTURES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE BIAS; MULTIFERROICS AB Exchange coupled CoFe/BiFeO3 thin-film heterostructures show great promise for power-efficient electric field-induced 180 degrees magnetization switching. However, the coupling mechanism and precise qualification of the exchange coupling in CoFe/BiFeO3 heterostructures have been elusive. Here we show direct evidence for electric field control of the magnetic state in exchange coupled CoFe/BiFeO3 through electric field-dependent ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and nanoscale spatially resolved magnetic imaging. Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis images reveal the coupling of the magnetization in the CoFe layer to the canted moment in the BiFeO3 layer. Electric field-dependent ferromagnetic resonance measurements quantify the exchange coupling strength and reveal that the CoFe magnetization is directly and reversibly modulated by the applied electric field through a similar to 180 degrees switching of the canted moment in BiFeO3. This constitutes an important step towards robust repeatable and non-volatile voltage-induced 180 degrees magnetization switching in thin-film multiferroic heterostructures and tunable RF/microwave devices. C1 [Zhou, Ziyao; Gao, Yuan; Nan, Tianxiang; Yang, Xi; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Trassin, Morgan; Gao, Ya; Ashraf, Khalid; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Qiu, Diana; Salahuddin, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowden, S. R.; Pierce, D. T.; Stiles, M. D.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Ming] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Key Lab, Minist Educ, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ming] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Int Ctr Dielectr Res, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, NX (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM n.sun@neu.edu RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Zhou, Ziyao/N-8398-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; Yang, Xi/E-6042-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Zhou, Ziyao/0000-0002-2389-1673; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X FU AFRL through UES [S-875-060-018]; Semiconductor Research Corporation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51328203]; National Science Foundation [EEC-1160504]; DARPA FAME programme FX We are grateful for helpful discussions with R. D. McMichael. The work at Northeastern University is financially supported by AFRL through UES Subcontract No. S-875-060-018, Semiconductor Research Corporation and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51328203. The work at UC Berkeley was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under grant number EEC-1160504 and the DARPA FAME programme. We would like to thank Ms. Liangchuan Sun for her schematic in Figure 2. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 17 U2 149 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 AR 6082 DI 10.1038/ncomms7082 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA3UC UT WOS:000348831300009 PM 25631924 ER PT J AU Pritchett, TM Ferry, MJ Mott, AG Shensky, W Haley, JE Liu, R Sun, WF AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Ferry, Michael J. Mott, Andrew G. Shensky, William, III Haley, Joy E. Liu, Rui Sun, Wenfang TI Long-lifetime reverse saturable absorption in a bipyridyl platinum(II) complex bearing naphthalimidylethynyl-substituted fluorenylacetylide ligands SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Z scan; Reverse saturable absorption ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; DIIMINE BIS(ACETYLIDE) COMPLEXES; TOP-HAT BEAMS; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; ACETYLIDE COMPLEXES; PHOTOPHYSICS; PHOSPHORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; OXYGEN AB By fitting femtosecond transient difference absorption time series at multiple wavelengths, the singlet excited-state lifetime of a particular platinum(II) 2,2'-bipyridyl complex bearing naphthalimidylethynyl-substituted fluorenyl-acetylide ligands was determined to be 83.5 +/- 39 ps in toluene solution. A triplet quantum yield of 0.06 was measured using relative actinometry. Excited-state absorption cross sections of 5.6 x 10(-17) cm(2) (singlet) and 7.8 x 10(-16) cm(2) (triplet) at 532 nm were obtained by using a five-level dynamic model to fit open-aperture Z scans at picosecond and nanosecond pulse widths and a variety of pulse energies. Most significantly, fits of nanosecond transient difference absorption decay data yield a value of 16.3 ps for the triplet excited-state lifetime of the complex in deoxygenated toluene solution, longer by a factor of almost 20 than the lifetime of the analogous complex with benzothiazolyl-substituted ligands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.; Ferry, Michael J.; Mott, Andrew G.; Shensky, William, III] US Army, Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE L, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Rui; Sun, Wenfang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Attn RDRL SEE L, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.m.pritchett.civ@mail.mil NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 39 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2014.11.025 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CA2OQ UT WOS:000348747900033 ER PT J AU Barnes, CJ Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE AF Barnes, Caleb J. Visbal, Miguel R. Gordnier, Raymond E. TI Analysis of streamwise-oriented vortex interactions for two wings in close proximity SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FORMATION FLIGHT; TIP VORTEX; DELTA-WINGS; IMPLICIT; SCHEMES; FLOWS; FIELD; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB This investigation addresses the impingement of the trailing vortex provided by a leader-wing upon a follower-wing operating in close proximity. Exploration of the relative spacing between the two wings reveals several distinct flow regimes occur within a small range of lateral positions of the incident vortex. These changes effectively alter the evolution of the follower-wing wake via mutual induction between the incident and trailing vortices. Several unsteady mechanisms impact the general flow field in each regime. The incident vortex for an inboard impingement rapidly decays over the wing due to transition to turbulence. A tip-aligned vortex results in a highly unsteady interaction and generates enhanced surface pressure fluctuations beneath the tip vortex. Placing the incident vortex outboard elicits mutual instability between the leader and follower-wing trailing vortices. While lift-enhancement was found to be dominated by an inviscid increase in effective angle of attack, viscous effects in the near-tip region alter the local surface force distribution and influence the rolling moment coefficient. These flow variations which occur over a small range of lateral positions could generate buffeting loads in the presence of a wandering streamwise vortex. C1 [Barnes, Caleb J.; Visbal, Miguel R.; Gordnier, Raymond E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM caleb.barnes.1@us.af.mil OI Barnes, Caleb/0000-0002-7470-7397 FU AFOSR; DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL, WPAFB FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith and by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL, WPAFB. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 AR 015103 DI 10.1063/1.4905479 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CA7AD UT WOS:000349068500037 ER PT J AU Nemati, H Liu, S Zola, RS Tondiglia, VP Lee, KM White, T Bunning, T Yang, DK AF Nemati, Hossein Liu, Shiyi Zola, Rafael S. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy Bunning, Timothy Yang, Deng-Ke TI Mechanism of electrically induced photonic band gap broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropies SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DISPLAY; LIGHT AB We experimentally observed that the photonic band gap (reflection band) of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropies can be greatly broadened under DC electric fields. We explored the underlying mechanism. We found that the dispersed polymer network moved when DC voltages were applied across the liquid crystal cell. The motion of the polymer network stretched the helical pitch of the liquid crystal on one side of the cell and compressed the helical pitch on the other side of the cell. We proposed a phenomenological theory to explain the motion of the polymer network and the effect of the polymer network on the helical pitch, and this theoretical prediction agreed well with the experimental results. C1 [Nemati, Hossein; Liu, Shiyi; Zola, Rafael S.; Yang, Deng-Ke] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy; Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zola, Rafael S.] Univ Tecnol Fed Parana Apucarana, Dept Fis, BR-86812460 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Nemati, H (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM dyang@kent.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful to the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory for financial support of this research effort. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1208 EP 1213 DI 10.1039/c4sm02283a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CA8DJ UT WOS:000349146400019 PM 25567417 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Thompson, DC AF McNamara, Leo F. Thompson, Donald C. TI Validation of COSMIC values of foF2 and M(3000)F2 using ground-based ionosondes SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Validation; COSMIC radio occultation; Electron density profile; Vertical incidence ionosonde AB The COSMIC radio occultation values of the ionospheric F2 region peak parameters are a potential source of ground-truth data for validation of global ionospheric models. They should therefore be validated against reliable ground-truth observations such as manually scaled ionograms from ground-based vertical incidence (VI) ionosondes. We have therefore used the manually scaled hourly ionospheric characteristics from the Australian ionosonde network for this purpose. A comparison of the COSMIC F2 peak density, NmF2, against the values of the maximum plasma frequency, foF2, scaled from the Australian ionosondes showed very good agreement, with an RMS error in foF2 at mid latitudes of similar to 0.5 MHz. The ionograms from the Australian ionosondes are manually processed so the plasma frequency profile and the value of hmF2, the altitude corresponding to foF2, are not routinely provided. However, the ionograms do provide observations of M(3000)F2, the obliquity factor for a 3000 km communications circuit, which is well correlated with hmF2. We have therefore compared observed and COSMIC values of M(3000)F2. The latter are derived from numerical ionograms calculated for the COSMIC profiles. Because of the known uncertainties in the COSMIC profiles, we have applied some stringent acceptance procedures to them, especially for the M(3000)F2 analysis. These acceptance procedures are all automated, reducing the possibility of biased data selection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.; Thompson, Donald C.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@us.af.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 55 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ2TJ UT WOS:000348084900015 ER PT J AU Wiebe, R Virgin, LN Spottswood, SM AF Wiebe, R. Virgin, L. N. Spottswood, S. M. TI Stochastic interrogation of competing responses in a nonlinear distributed system SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; Experimental mechanics; Stochastic interrogation; Basins of attraction ID BUCKLED BEAM; DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONS; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION; ARCHES AB In this paper, we examine the potential for coexisting responses in a harmonically forced buckled beam. It is shown experimentally that such structures may present many more responses than might be observed using frequency sweep-up and sweep-down testing, with some responses being observed only very infrequently. The primary contribution of this work is the experimental approximation of the basins of attraction of the competing behaviors using stochastic interrogation, which uses strong, but random, perturbations to map out the initial conditions that tend to each attractor. This procedure is especially difficult in experimental studies of distributed systems; hence, we focus on the process of stochastic interrogation itself and strictly in an experimental context. C1 [Wiebe, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Virgin, L. N.] Duke Univ, Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Spottswood, S. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiebe, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 201 More Hall,Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rwiebe@uw.edu FU Universal Technology Corporation [FA8650-10-D-3037] FX This work was partially supported by Universal Technology Corporation contract # FA8650-10-D-3037. The authors also wish to thank Tim Beberniss for his help in the laboratory. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X EI 1573-269X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s11071-014-1689-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AZ6FM UT WOS:000348314500050 ER PT J AU Hall, CA Kulatilaka, WD Jiang, N Gord, JR Pitz, RW AF Hall, Carl A. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Jiang, Naibo Gord, James R. Pitz, Robert W. TI Minor-species structure of premixed cellular tubular flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen atom; Femtosecond two-photon LIF; Raman spectroscopy; Premixed tubular flames; Cellular flames ID INTERFERENCE-FREE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; STRETCH AB Quantitative spatially resolved measurements of atomic hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals are reported of cellular phenomena in lean laminar premixed hydrogen-air tubular flames. Femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (fs-TPLIF) enables photolytic-interference-free measurement of H atoms. Quenching corrections are calculated from previously measured temperature and major-species concentrations. In the sub-unity Lewis number, highly stretched and curved premixed flame structure, the strong effect of thermal-diffusive imbalance is observed through clear local extinction (dearth of H atoms) and highly curved reaction cells. Peak H-atom number densities of 5 * 10(15) cm(-3) and peak OH number densities of 9 * 10(15) cm(-3) are found but remain approximately the same value despite doubling the flame stretch from 200 to 400 s(-1). Comparisons to non-cellular tubular flame numerical predictions show that the cellular transition increases temperature and local equivalence ratio but lowers peak number densities of H and OH. For cellular instabilities in the tubular flame, the thermal-diffusive imbalance maintains a similar local flame structure (i.e., same curvature and peak values of H, OH, T, and local equivalence ratio) that is insensitive to stretch rate. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hall, Carl A.; Pitz, Robert W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Jiang, Naibo] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, CA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl,PMB 351592, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM Carl.A.Hall@Vanderbilt.edu; Robert.W.Pitz@Vanderbilt.edu RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1134268]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant CBET-1134268, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager), and the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. We gratefully thank Dr. Sukesh Roy for his invaluable feedback during the measurement campaigns and during manuscript preparation. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.108 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2EN UT WOS:000348047500118 ER PT J AU Ombrello, TM Carter, CD Tam, CJ Hsu, KY AF Ombrello, Timothy M. Carter, Campbell D. Tam, Chung-Jen Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI Cavity ignition in supersonic flow by spark discharge and pulse detonation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Scramjet; Cavity ignition; Supersonic combustion; Pulse detonation ID COMBUSTION; SCRAMJETS AB Ignition of an ethylene fueled cavity in a supersonic flow was achieved through the application of two energy deposition techniques: a spark discharge and pulse detonator (PD). High-frequency shadowgraph and chemiluminescence imaging showed that the spark discharge ignition was passive with the ignition kernel and ensuing flame propagation following the cavity flowfield. The PD produced a high-pressure and temperature exhaust that allowed for ignition at lower tunnel temperatures and pressures than the spark discharge, but also caused significant disruption to the cavity flowfield dynamics. Under certain cavity fueling conditions a multiple regime ignition process occurred with the PD that led to decreased cavity burning and at times cavity extinction. Simulations were performed of the PD ignition process, capturing the decreased cavity burning observed in the experiments. The PD exhaust initially ignited and burned the fuel within the cavity rapidly. Simultaneously, the momentary elevated pressure from the detonation caused a blockage of the cavity fuel, starving the cavity until the PD completely exhausted and the flowfield could recover. With sufficiently high cavity fueling, the decrease in burning during the PD ignition process could be mitigated. Cavity fuel injection and entrainment of fuel through the shear layer from upstream injection allowed for the spark discharge ignition process to exhibit similar behavior with peaks and valleys of heat release (but to a lesser extent). The results of using the two energy deposition techniques emphasized the importance of cavity fueling and flowfield dynamics for successful ignition. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Ombrello, Timothy M.; Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tam, Chung-Jen] Taitech, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Ombrello, TM (reprint author), 1950 Fifth St,Bldg 18A, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM timothy.ombrello.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Dr. Chiping Li. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 2101 EP 2108 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.068 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FA UT WOS:000348048800111 ER PT J AU Do, H Carter, CD Liu, QL Ombrello, TM Hammack, S Lee, T Hsu, KY AF Do, Hyungrok Carter, Campbell D. Liu, Qili Ombrello, Timothy M. Hammack, Stephen Lee, Tonghun Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI Simultaneous gas density and fuel concentration measurements in a supersonic combustor using laser induced breakdown SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Scramjet; Cavity flameholder; Supersonic combustion; Laser-induced breakdown ID SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; PLASMA; SPARK; AIR AB Laser-induced breakdown is used for quantitative gas property measurements (gas density and ethylene fuel concentration) in a cavity flameholder in a supersonic crossflow. A plasma is produced by a focused laser beam (Nd: YAG, 532 nm) in the cavity to measure gas properties at the location of the plasma and to ignite cavity flames. Plasma energy (PE), defined by the laser pulse energy absorbed/scattered in the plasma, and plasma emission spectra are recorded for estimating gas density and species concentration, respectively. To obtain correlations of PE vs. gas density and emission spectra vs. fuel concentration, calibration experiments are conducted using a variable-pressure (0-900 mbar)/temperature (300-900 K) chamber and a Hencken burner installed in a variable-pressure (50-900 mbar) combustion chamber. Total measurement time is sufficiently short, similar to 80 ns after laser arrival at the plasma region, to capture the high intensity portion of the emission and to minimize effects of plasma displacement (in the high-speed flow). Specifically, the laser pulse energy incident and transmitted (through the plasma) are measured, and the plasma emission spectra are captured during a 50-ns gate, after an approximate 30-ns time delay (relative to onset of emission from the plasma volume) to avoid strong background emission from the plasma. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Do, Hyungrok; Liu, Qili] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.; Ombrello, Timothy M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Do, H (reprint author), 109 Hessert, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hdo3@nd.edu RI Liu, Qili/M-6986-2016 FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE, through the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0161] FX This work is supported by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE, through the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0161, Program Officer: Dr. Chiping Li). NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 2155 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.043 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FA UT WOS:000348048800117 ER PT J AU Valco, D Gentz, G Allen, C Colket, M Edwards, T Gowdagiri, S Oehlschlaeger, MA Toulson, E Lee, T AF Valco, Daniel Gentz, Gerald Allen, Casey Colket, Meredith Edwards, Tim Gowdagiri, Sandeep Oehlschlaeger, Matthew A. Toulson, Elisa Lee, Tonghun TI Autoignition behavior of synthetic alternative jet fuels: An examination of chemical composition effects on ignition delays at low to intermediate temperatures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Autoignition; Rapid compression machine; Shock tube; JP-8; JP-5 ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; JP-8; OXIDATION; HYDROCARBONS; MIXTURES; CAMELINA AB The autoignition characteristics of military aviation fuels (JP-5 and JP-8), proposed camelina-derived hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel replacements (HRJ-8 and HRJ-5), Fischer-Tropsch fuels (Shell and Sasol), three Sasol isoparaffinic solvents, as well as 50/50 volumetric blends of the alternative fuels with the conventional fuels are examined. Experiments were conducted in a rapid compression machine and shock tube at compressed temperatures of 625 K <= T-c <= 1000 K, a compressed pressure of 20 bar, and under stoichiometric and lean conditions. Several implicit properties of the alternative fuels prompted a study of the influence of chemical composition on autoignition, including the influence of isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic, and aromatic structures. In addition, interesting combustion phenomena at low-temperature conditions are investigated under lean conditions, specifically concerning jet fuel blend reactivity, where a convergence in blend reactivity to the reactivity of either a conventional or alternative fuel is observed. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Valco, Daniel] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gentz, Gerald; Toulson, Elisa] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Allen, Casey] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Colket, Meredith] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Edwards, Tim] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Gowdagiri, Sandeep; Oehlschlaeger, Matthew A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Mech Engn Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tonghun@illinois.edu FU Office of Naval Research (Illinois) [N00014-12-1-0107]; Office of Naval Research for support (Rensselaer) [N00014-11-10839] FX The authors express their gratitude to the Office of Naval Research for support under Grants #N00014-12-1-0107 (Illinois) and #N00014-11-10839 (Rensselaer), and to NAVAIR for supplying the USN fuel samples. Additionally, the authors recognize Michigan State University-RTSF-Mass Spectrometry Core for graciously providing access to the GC/MS instrumentation. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 2983 EP 2991 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.145 PN 3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FH UT WOS:000348049500058 ER PT J AU Mount, HR Zakrajsek, T Huffman, M Deffenbacher, B Gallagher, K Skinker, B Rivard, G Benson, S Dancel, R Buckman, F Hayes, M Jackson, J Viera, AJ AF Mount, Hillary R. Zakrajsek, Todd Huffman, Miranda Deffenbacher, Brandy Gallagher, Kara Skinker, Ben Rivard, Gary Benson, Stephanie Dancel, Rex Buckman, Francis Hayes, Magdalena Jackson, Jonathan Viera, Anthony J. TI Text Messaging to Improve Resident Knowledge: A Randomized Controlled Trial SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOOL AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Advances in technology present opportunities to develop and test innovative teaching methods. We sought to evaluate whether text messaging could improve medical resident knowledge in musculoskeletal medicine. METHODS: Eleven US family medicine residency programs with a total of 269 residents participated in this randomized, controlled trial. Residents were invited to complete a pretest to assess musculoskeletal medicine knowledge. The residents randomized to the intervention group were then offered to receive text messages termed electronically Generated Educational Messages (eGEMs (TM)) three times per week during a 12-week period. The primary outcome was change in pretest and posttest scores among residents in an intervention group (those who received text messages) as compared to a control group (those who did not receive the text messages). Focus groups were conducted to assess resident acceptability and usefulness of text messaging as a teaching tool. RESULTS: Sixty-three residents completed the pretests and posttests. The intervention group's score improved from 55% of questions answered correctly to 64%; the control group improved from 56% to 61%. While these pretest/posttest changes each were statistically significant, the difference in improvement between the two groups was not. Focus groups revealed that participants liked the intervention, but suggestions for improvement included ability to tailor the eGEMs.(TM) CONCLUSIONS: The use of eGEMs (TM) as initially developed did not increase resident knowledge based on exam scores. Further study is needed to determine if a more tailored intervention is effective. C1 [Mount, Hillary R.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Zakrajsek, Todd; Viera, Anthony J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Huffman, Miranda] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO USA. [Deffenbacher, Brandy] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Gallagher, Kara] Cabarrus Family Med Residency, Concord, NC USA. [Skinker, Ben] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr Shadyside, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Rivard, Gary] Cent Maine Med Ctr, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Benson, Stephanie] Southern New Mexico Family Med Residency, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Dancel, Rex] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Buckman, Francis] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Hayes, Magdalena] Hendersonville MAHEC Family Med Residency, Hendersonville, NC USA. [Jackson, Jonathan] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Mount, HR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, 2123 Auburn Ave,Suite 340, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM hillary.mount@thechrist-hospital.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 EI 1938-3800 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 47 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AZ2ZG UT WOS:000348097100006 PM 25646876 ER PT J AU Park, J Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Grazulis, L Hoelscher, J Mahalingam, K Hwang, C Mo, SK Lee, J AF Park, Jeongho Mitchel, William C. Elhamri, Said Grazulis, Lawrence Hoelscher, John Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Hwang, Choongyu Mo, Sung-Kwan Lee, Jonghoon TI Observation of the intrinsic bandgap behaviour in as-grown epitaxial twisted graphene SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; BILAYER GRAPHENE; SUPERLATTICES; GRAPHITE; ENERGIES AB Twisted graphene is of particular interest due to several intriguing characteristics, such as its the Fermi velocity, van Hove singularities and electronic localization. Theoretical studies recently suggested the possible bandgap opening and tuning. Here, we report a novel approach to producing epitaxial twisted graphene on SiC (0001) and the observation of its intrinsic bandgap behaviour. The direct deposition of C-60 on pre-grown graphene layers results in few-layer twisted graphene confirmed by angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy and Raman analysis. The strong enhanced G band in Raman and sp(3) bonding characteristic in X-ray photoemission spectroscopy suggests the existence of interlayer interaction between adjacent graphene layers. The interlayer spacing between graphene layers measured by transmission electron microscopy is 0.352 +/- 0.012 nm. Thermal activation behaviour and nonlinear current-voltage characteristics conclude that an intrinsic bandgap is opened in twisted graphene. Low sheet resistance (similar to 160 Omega square(-1) at 10 K) and high mobility (similar to 2,000 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) at 10 K) are observed. C1 [Park, Jeongho; Mitchel, William C.; Grazulis, Lawrence; Hoelscher, John; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Lee, Jonghoon] Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXAN Wright Patters AF, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hwang, Choongyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Mo, Sung-Kwan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXAN Wright Patters AF, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeongho.park.1.ctr@us.af.mil RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514 FU Air Force office of Scientific Research; Max Planck Korea/POSTECH Research Initiative of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [NRF-2011-0031558] FX This work was supported by the Air Force office of Scientific Research (Dr Harold Weinstock). The authors thank Mr G. Landis, Mr T. Asel and Dr Elizabeth Moore for technical assistance and helpful discussion. C.H. acknowledges financial support from Max Planck Korea/POSTECH Research Initiative of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning under Project No. NRF-2011-0031558. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 AR 5677 DI 10.1038/ncomms6677 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA1AJ UT WOS:000348644500001 PM 25562285 ER PT J AU Islam, MM Ostadhossein, A Borodin, O Yeates, AT Tipton, WW Hennig, RG Kumar, N van Duin, ACT AF Islam, Md Mahbubul Ostadhossein, Alireza Borodin, Oleg Yeates, A. Todd Tipton, William W. Hennig, Richard G. Kumar, Nitin van Duin, Adri C. T. TI ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations on lithiated sulfur cathode materials SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY; LI-S BATTERIES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; ION BATTERIES; AB-INITIO; ENCAPSULATED SULFUR; SILICON ELECTRODES; LIQUID ELECTROLYTE AB Sulfur is a very promising cathode material for rechargeable energy storage devices. However, sulfur cathodes undergo a noticeable volume variation upon cycling, which induces mechanical stress. In spite of intensive investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the lithiated sulfur compounds, their mechanical properties are not very well understood. In order to fill this gap, we developed a ReaxFF interatomic potential to describe Li-S interactions and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the structural, mechanical, and kinetic behavior of the amorphous lithiated sulfur (a-LixS) compounds. We examined the effect of lithiation on material properties such as ultimate strength, yield strength, and Young's modulus. Our results suggest that with increasing lithium content, the strength of lithiated sulfur compounds improves, although this increment is not linear with lithiation. The diffusion coefficients of both lithium and sulfur were computed for the a-LixS system at various stages of Li-loading. A grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) scheme was used to calculate the open circuit voltage profile during cell discharge. The Li-S binary phase diagram was constructed using genetic algorithm based tools. Overall, these simulation results provide insight into the behavior of sulfur based cathode materials that are needed for developing lithium-sulfur batteries. C1 [Islam, Md Mahbubul; van Duin, Adri C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ostadhossein, Alireza] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Borodin, Oleg] US Army, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Yeates, A. Todd] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tipton, William W.; Hennig, Richard G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kumar, Nitin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP van Duin, ACT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM acv13@psu.edu RI Islam, Md Mahbubul/O-9375-2015; Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012; Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008 OI Islam, Md Mahbubul/0000-0003-4584-2204; Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291; Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686 FU US Army Research Laboratory through the Collaborative Research Alliance (CRA) for Multi Scale Multidisciplinary Modeling of Electronic Materials (MSME); DoD High Performance Computing (HPC) Productivity Enhancement, Technology Transfer, and Training (PETTT) Program [PP-CCM-KY03-005-P3] FX This work was supported by the grant from the US Army Research Laboratory through the Collaborative Research Alliance (CRA) for Multi Scale Multidisciplinary Modeling of Electronic Materials (MSME) and DoD High Performance Computing (HPC) Productivity Enhancement, Technology Transfer, and Training (PETTT) Program contract number PP-CCM-KY03-005-P3. NR 84 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 106 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 3383 EP 3393 DI 10.1039/c4cp04532g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AZ4OW UT WOS:000348203200047 PM 25529209 ER PT J AU Sundaram, R Scheiner, S Roy, AK Kar, T AF Sundaram, Rajashabala Scheiner, Steve Roy, Ajit K. Kar, Tapas TI Site and chirality selective chemical modifications of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) via Lewis acid-base interactions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BN NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; NH3; FUNCTIONALIZATION; DENSITY; SURFACE; NANOMATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSHEETS; STRENGTH AB The pristine BNNTs contain both Lewis acid (boron) and Lewis base (nitrogen) centers at their surface. Interactions of ammonia and borane molecules, representatives of Lewis base and acid as adsorbates respectively, with matching sites at the surface of BNNTs, have been explored in the present DFT study. Adsorption energies suggest stronger chemisorption (about 15-20 kcal mol(-1)) of borane than ammonia (about 5-10 kcal mol(-1)) in both armchair (4,4) and zigzag (8,0) variants of the tube. NH3 favors (8,0) over the (4,4) tube, whereas BH3 exhibits the opposite preference, indicating some chirality dependence on acid-base interactions. A new feature of bonding is found in BH3/AlH3-BNNTs (at the edge site) complexes, where one hydrogen of the guest molecule is involved in three-center two-electron bonding, in addition to dative covalent bond (N: -> B). This interaction causes a reversal of electron flow from borane/alane to BNNT, making the tube an electron acceptor, suggesting tailoring of electronic properties could be possible by varying strength of incoming Lewis acids. On the contrary, BNNTs always behave as electron acceptor in ammonia complexes. IR, XPS and NMR spectra show some characteristic features of complexes and can help experimentalists to identify not only structures of such complexes but also the location of the guest molecules and design second functionalizations. Interaction with several other neutral BF3, BCl3, BH2CH3 and ionic CH3+ acids as well as amino group (CH3NH2 and NH2COOH) were also studied. The strongest interaction (>100 kcal mol(-1)) is found in BNNT-CH3+ complexes and H-bonds are the only source of stability of NH2COOH-BNNT complexes. C1 [Sundaram, Rajashabala] Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India. [Sundaram, Rajashabala; Scheiner, Steve; Kar, Tapas] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu FU University Grants Commission (UGC) of India under Indo-US Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program FX One of the authors (S. Rajashabala) wishes to thank University Grants Commission (UGC) of India for providing financial support to carry out research in the USA under Indo-US Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program. DoD HPC center and HPC center at Utah State University are acknowledged for providing computational facilities. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 5 BP 3850 EP 3866 DI 10.1039/c4cp04790g PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AZ4OW UT WOS:000348203200099 PM 25559141 ER PT J AU Conger, NG Paolino, KM Osborn, EC Rusnak, JM Gunther, S Pool, J Rollin, PE Allan, PF Schmidt-Chanasit, J Rieger, T Kortepeter, MG AF Conger, Nicholas G. Paolino, Kristopher M. Osborn, Erik C. Rusnak, Janice M. Guenther, Stephan Pool, Jane Rollin, Pierre E. Allan, Patrick F. Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas Rieger, Toni Kortepeter, Mark G. TI Health Care Response to CCHF in US Soldier and Nosocomial Transmission to Health Care Providers, Germany, 2009 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SERUM-LEVELS; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS; ACTIVATION; TURKEY; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; INTERFERON; PROGNOSIS AB In 2009, a lethal case of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), acquired by a US soldier in Afghanistan, was treated at a medical center in Germany and resulted in nosocomial transmission to 2 health care providers (HCPs). After his arrival at the medical center (day 6 of illness) by aeromedical evacuation, the patient required repetitive bronchoscopies to control severe pulmonary hemorrhage and renal and hepatic dialysis for hepatorenal failure. After showing clinical improvement, the patient died suddenly on day 11 of illness from cerebellar tonsil herniation caused by cerebral/cerebellar edema. The 2 infected HCPs were among 16 HCPs who received ribavirin postexposure prophylaxis. The infected HCPs had mild or no CCHF symptoms. Transmission may have occurred during bag-valve-mask ventilation, breaches in personal protective equipment during resuscitations, or bronchoscopies generating infectious aerosols. This case highlights the critical care and infection control challenges presented by severe CCHF cases, including the need for experience with ribavirin treatment and postexposure prophylaxis. C1 [Conger, Nicholas G.; Osborn, Erik C.; Pool, Jane; Allan, Patrick F.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Paolino, Kristopher M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rusnak, Janice M.] Force Hlth Protect, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Guenther, Stephan; Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas; Rieger, Toni] Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. [Rollin, Pierre E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kortepeter, Mark G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Conger, NG (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.conger@us.af.mil NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.3201/eid2101.141413 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA AY3SW UT WOS:000347503700004 PM 25529825 ER PT J AU Sekerak, MJ Longmier, BW Gallimore, AD Brown, DL Hofer, RR Polk, JE AF Sekerak, Michael J. Longmier, Benjamin W. Gallimore, Alec D. Brown, Daniel L. Hofer, Richard R. Polk, James E. TI Azimuthal Spoke Propagation in Hall Effect Thrusters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC 2013) CY OCT 06-10, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE Aerospace industry; hall effect devices; plasma diagnostics; plasma measurements; plasma waves; satellites; space technology ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS AB Spokes are azimuthally propagating perturbations in the plasma discharge of Hall effect thrusters (HETs) that travel in the E x B direction. The mechanisms for spoke formation are unknown, but their presence has been associated with improved thruster performance in some thrusters motivating a detailed investigation. The propagation of azimuthal spokes are investigated in a 6 kW HET by using high-speed imaging and azimuthally spaced probes. The spoke velocity is determined from high-speed image analysis using three methods with similar results. The spoke velocity for three discharge voltages (300, 400, and 450 V) and three anode mass flow rates (14.7, 19.5, and 25.2 mg/s) are between 1500 and 2200 m/s across a range of magnetic field settings. The spoke velocity is inversely dependent on magnetic field strength for lower B-fields and asymptotes at higher B-fields. Spoke velocities calculated from the probes are consistently higher by 30% or more. An empirically approximated dispersion relation of omega(alpha) = nu(alpha)(ch)k(theta)(alpha) - omega(alpha)(ch) where alpha >= 1 yields a characteristic velocity that matches the ion acoustic speed for similar to 5 eV electrons which exist in the near-anode and near-field plume regions of the discharge. C1 [Sekerak, Michael J.; Longmier, Benjamin W.; Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Daniel L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Hofer, Richard R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hofer, Richard R.; Polk, James E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Polk, James E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop & Mat Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sekerak, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM msekerak@umich.edu; longmier@umich.edu; alec.gallimore@umich.edu; daniel.brown@edwards.af.mil; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov; james.e.polk@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA; Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA, through the Michigan/Air Force Center of Excellence in Electric Propulsion [FA9550-09-1-0695]; ERC, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA [RS130040, RS140086]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was supported in part by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship, in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA, and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA, through the Michigan/Air Force Center of Excellence in Electric Propulsion under Grant FA9550-09-1-0695, in part by ERC, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA, under Contract RS130040 and Contract RS140086, and in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2355223 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300009 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Struve, KW AF Domonkos, Matthew T. Struve, Kenneth W. TI Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on Megagauss Magnetic Fields: Production & Application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Domonkos, Matthew T.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Struve, Kenneth W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2378532 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8EL UT WOS:000347787100001 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Degnan, JH Adamson, PE Amdahl, DJ Blasy, B Cooksey, R Grabowski, TC Lehr, FM Robinson, PR Ruden, EL White, WM Frese, MH Frese, SD Coffey, SK Camacho, JF Makhin, V Roderick, N Parker, JV Lerma, A Gale, D Kostora, M McCullough, J Ralph, D Roth, CE Sommars, WE Montoya, T Lynn, AG Turchi, PJ Schroen, D AF Domonkos, Matthew T. Degnan, James H. Adamson, Paul E. Amdahl, David J. Blasy, Brian Cooksey, Rufus Grabowski, Theodore Chris Lehr, Frederick Mark Robinson, Paul Randy Ruden, Edward L. White, William M. Frese, Michael H. Frese, Sherry D. Coffey, Sean K. Camacho, J. Frank Makhin, Vladimir Roderick, Norman Parker, Jerald V. Lerma, Al Gale, Donald Kostora, Mark McCullough, John Ralph, Dale Roth, Chris E. Sommars, Wayne E. Montoya, Thomas Lynn, Alan G. Turchi, Peter J. Schroen, Diana TI Experimental Studies of an Ultrahigh-Speed Plasma Flow SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Controlled fusion; imploding liners; magnetized lasma compression; pulsed power ID SWITCH AB In 1991, Turchi et al. reported evidence for a 2000 km/s aluminum plasma that originated from the upstream boundary of a wire array armature in a plasma flow switch (PFS). The 2008 article by Turchi et al. posits that if such high Z plasma could instead be composed of deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture, then the resultant multi-keV plasma would make an effective target for magnetized plasma compression to fusion conditions. This report documents several experiments executed in an effort to achieve an ultrahigh-speed flow in a deuterium plasma. The first phase of this research concentrated on extension of the earlier work to a lower current system that would emulate the PFS used in series with an imploding liner load. The apparatus was also modified to permit pulsed injection of deuterium gas along the insulated coaxial electrodes between the PFS armature and the vacuum power feed. The experiments met with limited success, exhibiting evidence of a 550 km/s plasma flow which convected a small fraction of the total magnetic field. Two subsequent tests were conducted using foam armatures. In both cases, current prematurely shunted upstream in the vacuum feed. Several possible causes were explored for the shunting of the current. Among the modifications implemented, the gas injection system was altered to increase both the quantity of gas adjacent to the armature while facilitating an increased pressure gradient between the armature and the current feed. A series of low-energy shots were conducted to examine the impact of several proposed design modifications on current delivery to the armature. These experiments demonstrated that the hardware assembled for this investigation was unlikely to forestall breakdown in the injected gas as required by Turchi et al. Nevertheless, two experiments were conducted to evaluate performance with foam armatures. Both experiments exhibited good current delivery to the armature, behaving initially like the low-energy experiments. The magnetic flux convected downstream was greater than in any of the prior experiments, though significant work remains to demonstrate the ultrahigh-speed plasma flow concept. C1 [Domonkos, Matthew T.; Degnan, James H.; Adamson, Paul E.; Amdahl, David J.; Blasy, Brian; Cooksey, Rufus; Grabowski, Theodore Chris; Lehr, Frederick Mark; Robinson, Paul Randy; Ruden, Edward L.; White, William M.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Frese, Michael H.; Frese, Sherry D.; Coffey, Sean K.; Camacho, J. Frank; Makhin, Vladimir; Roderick, Norman] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Parker, Jerald V.; Lerma, Al; Gale, Donald; Kostora, Mark; McCullough, John; Ralph, Dale; Roth, Chris E.; Sommars, Wayne E.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Montoya, Thomas] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Lynn, Alan G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schroen, Diana] Gen Atom Co, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM matthew.domonkos@us.af.mil; james.degnan.2@us.af.mil; paul.adamson.1@us.af.mil; david.amdahl.1@us.af.mil; bryan.blasy@us.af.mil; rufus.cooksey.1@us.af.mil; theodore.grabowski.2@us.af.mil; frederick.lehr@us.af.mil; paul.robinson.13@us.af.mil; edward.ruden@us.af.mil; william.white.48@us.af.mil; michael.frese@numerex-llc.com; sherry.frese@numerex-llc.com; scoffey1357@msn.com; j.camacho.ctr@us.af.mil; vmakhin@techflow.com; nfroder2@comcast.net; jerald.parker.ctr@us.af.mil; albert.lerma.ctr@us.af.mil; donco735@hotmail.com; mark.kostora.ctr@kirtland.af.mil; john.mccullough.8.ctr@us.af.mil; dale.ralph.ctr@kirtland.af.mil; chris.roth.ctr@us.af.mil; wayne.sommars.ctr@us.af.mil; thomas.montoya.ctr@kirtland.af.mil; lynn@ece.unm.edu; nmturchi1@aol.com; dgschro@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 374 EP 388 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2360648 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8EL UT WOS:000347787100010 ER PT J AU Leslie, CJ Boakye, EE Keller, KA Cinibulk, MK AF Leslie, Clifford J. Boakye, Emmanuel E. Keller, Kristin A. Cinibulk, Michael K. TI Development and Characterization of Continuous SiC Fiber-Reinforced HfB2-Based UHTC Matrix Composites Using Polymer Impregnation and Slurry Infiltration Techniques SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORY DIBORIDES; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; SILICON-CARBIDE; HAFNIUM; ZIRCONIUM AB This paper discusses the development of continuous SiC fiber-reinforced HfB2-SiC composite laminates. A range of techniques, based on resin-based precursors and slurries, for infiltrating porous SiC preforms with HfB2 powder were developed. While resin-based precursors proved to be ineffective due to low HfB2 yield and poor adhesion, the slurry infiltration techniques were effective to varying degrees. The greatest pore filling and composite densities were achieved using pressure and vibration-assisted pressure infiltration techniques. SiCf/HfB2-SiC laminates were subsequently developed via lamination, cure and pyrolysis of fabrics using a HfB2-loaded polymeric SiC precursor, followed by HfB2 slurry infiltration and preceramic polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). Repeated PIP processing, for 6-10 cycles, resulted in density increases, from the 3.03-3.22 g/cm(3) range after HfB2 slurry infiltration, to 3.97-4.03 g/cm(3) after PIP processing. Correspondingly, there was a decrease in open porosity from approximately 52% to less than 11%. The matrix consisted of discreet, lightly sintered HfB2 particles dispersed in SiC. The PIP SiC matrix was primarily nanocrystalline after 1300 degrees C pyrolysis, but experienced grain growth with further heat treatment at 1600 degrees C. C1 [Leslie, Clifford J.; Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Keller, Kristin A.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leslie, Clifford J.] CNR, Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Keller, Kristin A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Leslie, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM clifford.leslie.ctr@us.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH under Air Force [FA9550-12-C-0009]; Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX The authors wish to acknowledge M. Aherns (UES, Inc.), R. Corns (UES, Inc.), P. Mogilevsky and C. P. Przybyla (AFRL/RXCC) for their technical support. This research was performed while C.J.L. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH under Air Force Contract No. FA9550-12-C-0009. E.E.B. and K.A.K. were supported under Air Force Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X EI 1744-7402 J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1111/ijac.12279 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AY7BR UT WOS:000347716800028 ER PT J AU Rowberry, J Macari, S Chen, G Campbell, D Leventhal, JM Weitzman, C Chawarska, K AF Rowberry, Justin Macari, Suzanne Chen, Grace Campbell, Daniel Leventhal, John M. Weitzman, Carol Chawarska, Katarzyna TI Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in 12-Month-Old High-Risk Siblings by Parental Report SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; High-risk siblings; Screening; Imitation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; RESEARCH CONSORTIUM; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; INFANTS; CHILDREN; TODDLERS; IMITATION; DIAGNOSIS; VALIDATION AB This study examines whether parental report of social-communicative and repetitive behaviors at 12 months can be helpful in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in younger siblings of children with ASD [high-risk (HR)-siblings]. Parents of HR-siblings and infants without a family history of ASD completed the First Year Inventory at 12 months. Developmental outcomes were based on 24- or 36-month assessments. HR-siblings later diagnosed with ASD showed greater impairments in social communication than those with other developmental outcomes based on parental and clinician ratings. Parental report of decline in play and communication and impaired vocal imitation correctly classified a majority of ASD cases with high specificity. These preliminary findings have important implications for the development of early screening instruments for ASD in HR-siblings. C1 [Rowberry, Justin] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Macari, Suzanne; Chawarska, Katarzyna] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Chen, Grace] Stanford Univ, Sch Educ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Campbell, Daniel] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Leventhal, John M.; Weitzman, Carol] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Rowberry, J (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd North,Bldg 1300, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM justin.rowberry@us.af.mil FU Autism Speaks [AS7614]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD003008]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH087554, R01MH087554-01] NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 SI SI BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2211-x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AY6QX UT WOS:000347691700019 PM 25149178 ER PT J AU Erich, R Pennell, ML AF Erich, Roger Pennell, Michael L. TI Ornstein-Uhlenbeck threshold regression for time-to-event data with and without a cure fraction SO LIFETIME DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Cancer clinical trial; First hitting time model; Gaussian process; Mixture model; Nonproportional hazards; Survival analysis ID SURVIVAL-DATA; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; MIXTURE-MODELS; FAILURE; DEGRADATION; MORTALITY AB In this paper we propose a threshold regression (TR) model for time to event data related to subject health using a latent Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process that fails once it hits a boundary value for the first time. Baseline covariates are incorporated into the analysis using a log-link function for the initial state of the health process. The model provides clinically meaningful covariate effects and does not require the proportional hazards assumption of the commonly used Cox model. Unlike TR models based on the Wiener process, the OU model allows increments in the health process to depend on previous values and drifts toward a state of equilibrium or homeostasis, which are present in many biological applications. We also extend our model to incorporate a cure rate for applications with improper survival functions, such as time to tumor recurrence in a cancer clinical trial. Our models are applied to overall and relapse-free survival data of melanoma patients undergoing definitive surgery. C1 [Erich, Roger] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pennell, Michael L.] Ohio State Univ, Div Biostat, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pennell, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Biostat, Coll Publ Hlth, 246 Cunz Hall,1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pennell.28@osu.edu FU National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [OH008649] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [OH008649]. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7870 EI 1572-9249 J9 LIFETIME DATA ANAL JI Lifetime Data Anal. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10985-014-9306-8 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AY9NH UT WOS:000347877200001 PM 25097158 ER PT J AU Lan, YC Wang, H Skula, N Chen, XY Lu, YL Chen, G Ren, ZF AF Lan, Yucheng Wang, Hui Skula, Nitin Chen, Xiaoyuan Lu, Yalin Chen, Gang Ren, Zhifeng TI Determination of Thermal History by Photoluminescence of Core-Shelled Quantum Dots Going Through Heating Events SO PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; NANOTHERMOMETER; NANOPARTICLES; SENSITIVITY; NANOTUBE; GALLIUM; RANGE; CELLS AB A kind of novel thermal history nanosensors are theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to permanently record thermal events. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of core-shelled quantum dots (QDs) CdSe/ZnS irreversibly shifts with heating histories (temperature and duration) of thermal events. The induced PL shift of the QDs CdSe/ZnS is employed to permanently record thermal histories. We further model a kind of thermal history nanosensor based on the thermal-induced phenomena of core-shelled QDs to permanently record thermal histories at microscale and demonstrate to reconstruct temperature and duration of heating events simultaneously from PL spectra of the QDs. The physical mechanism of the sensors is discussed. C1 [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lan, Yucheng] Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Skula, Nitin; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Chen, Gang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lan, YC (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM yucheng.lan@morgan.edu; zren@uh.edu RI Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014; Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530; Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0001, HDTRA122221]; Small Grants Program from University of Houston FX This research is financially supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grants HDTRA1-10-1-0001, HDTRA122221 and Small Grants Program from University of Houston. The authors thank Dr. Daniel Kraemer for helps on Labview programming and Dr. Dong Cai for 3D plotting in Figure S2 (Supporting Information). NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0934-0866 EI 1521-4117 J9 PART PART SYST CHAR JI Part. Part. Syst. Charact. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1002/ppsc.201400100 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AY7FW UT WOS:000347727600008 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Szczepanski, CJ John, R Larsen, JM AF Jha, Sushant K. Szczepanski, Christopher J. John, Reji Larsen, James M. TI Deformation heterogeneities and their role in life-limiting fatigue failures in a two-phase titanium alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hierarchy of deformation heterogeneities; Life-limiting mechanism; Fatigue life; Crack-initiation neighborhood; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo ID CRACK-INITIATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V; PREDICTION; MODES; SLIP; TEXTURE; FACETS; CURVE AB Fatigue crack-initiation sites in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6), an alpha + beta titanium alloy used in turbine engine applications, were characterized with emphasis on distinguishing the microstructural neighborhoods and mechanisms that produce the life-limiting failures vs. those that promote the mean-lifetime behavior. The characterization methods included quantitative tilt fractography, focused ion beam milling across crack-initiation facets, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis. The motivation for discerning between the life-limiting and the mean-dominating crack-initiation microstructural neighborhoods stemmed from the previously developed understanding that the mean and the life-limiting behaviors respond differently to stress level (and many other variables), leading to an increasing separation between the two subpopulations as the stress level is decreased, thereby increasing the variability in lifetime. The different rates of response of the two behaviors was found to arise because the life-limiting mechanism was dominated by the crack-growth lifetime, with microstructural-scale crack-initiation occurring within the first few fatigue cycles, whereas the mean behavior was increasingly dominated by the crack-initiation lifetime as the stress level was decreased. Representative specimens for 2-D characterization of crack-initiation neighborhoods were selected from life-limiting and mean-dominating populations generated by fatigue tests on a duplex alpha + beta phase microstructure of Ti-6-2-4-6 under a narrow range of applied stress amplitudes. A compilation of data on the crack-initiation facet and the neighborhood of the faceted grain from multiple specimens pointed to at least four categories of critical microstructural configurations, each representing a set of necessary (but perhaps not sufficient) conditions for crack-initiation in this alloy. Based on this characterization, a hypothesis for the life-limiting fatigue behavior is presented. The hypothesis invokes the concept of hierarchy of fatigue deformation heterogeneities, which is suggested to develop within the first few fatigue cycles. The deformation heterogeneity is suggested to be linked to the underlying randomness and hierarchy in the microstructural arrangements. This hypothesis appears to explain the occurrence of crack-growth-lifetime-dominated, life-limiting failures in the regime of high-cycle fatigue, as shown in this study, and suggests a probability of occurrence of such failures even in the very-high-cycle fatigue regime, although with diminishing probability as the stress level is decreased. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jha, Sushant K.; John, Reji; Larsen, James M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Szczepanski, Christopher J.] Special Met Corp, New Hartford, NY 13413 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sushant.jha.ctr.in@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The partial financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. David Stargel, Program Manager, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 82 BP 378 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.08.034 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AX6FE UT WOS:000347017800036 ER PT J AU Macdonell, S Mastronardi, N AF Macdonell, Scott T. Mastronardi, Nick TI Waging simple wars: a complete characterization of two-battlefield Blotto equilibria SO ECONOMIC THEORY LA English DT Article DE Colonel Blotto game; Zero-sum game; Warfare; All-pay auction; Multi-unit auction ID COLONEL-BLOTTO; GAMES; POLITICS; PLAY AB We analyze the strategic allocation of resources across two contests as in the canonical Colonel Blotto game. In the games we study, two players simultaneously allocate their forces across two fields of battle. The larger force on each battlefield wins that battle, and the payoff to a player is the sum of the values of battlefields won. We completely characterize the set of Nash equilibria of all two-battlefield Blotto games and provide the unique equilibrium payoffs. We also show how to extend our characterization to cover previously unstudied games with nonlinear resource constraints. C1 [Macdonell, Scott T.] CNA, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. [Mastronardi, Nick] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Macdonell, S (reprint author), CNA, 4825 Mark Ctr Dr, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. EM macdonells@cna.org; nickmastronardi@gmail.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-2259 EI 1432-0479 J9 ECON THEOR JI Econ. Theory PD JAN PY 2015 VL 58 IS 1 BP 183 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s00199-014-0807-1 PG 34 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AX9WC UT WOS:000347249000007 ER PT J AU Pavela, G Wiener, H Fontaine, KR Fields, DA Voss, JD Allison, DB AF Pavela, Greg Wiener, Howard Fontaine, Kevin R. Fields, David A. Voss, Jameson D. Allison, David B. TI Packet randomized experiments for eliminating classes of confounders SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Causal inference; experimental design; methods; multidisciplinary; statistics ID FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; HEALTH; DISPARITY AB BackgroundAlthough randomization is considered essential for causal inference, it is often not possible to randomize in nutrition and obesity research. To address this, we develop a framework for an experimental designpacket randomized experiments (PREs), which improves causal inferences when randomization on a single treatment variable is not possible. This situation arises when subjects are randomly assigned to a condition (such as a new roommate) which varies in one characteristic of interest (such as weight), but also varies across many others. There has been no general discussion of this experimental design, including its strengths, limitations, and statistical properties. As such, researchers are left to develop and apply PREs on an ad hoc basis, limiting its potential to improve causal inferences among nutrition and obesity researchers. MethodsWe introduce PREs as an intermediary design between randomized controlled trials and observational studies. We review previous research that used the PRE design and describe its application in obesity-related research, including random roommate assignments, heterochronic parabiosis, and the quasi-random assignment of subjects to geographic areas. We then provide a statistical framework to control for potential packet-level confounders not accounted for by randomization. ResultsPacket randomized experiments have successfully been used to improve causal estimates of the effect of roommates, altitude, and breastfeeding on weight outcomes. When certain assumptions are met, PREs can asymptotically control for packet-level characteristics. This has the potential to statistically estimate the effect of a single treatment even when randomization to a single treatment did not occur. ConclusionsApplying PREs to obesity-related research will improve decisions about clinical, public health, and policy actions insofar as it offers researchers new insight into cause and effect relationships among variables. C1 [Pavela, Greg; Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Off Energet, Nutr Obes Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wiener, Howard] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Fontaine, Kevin R.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Fields, David A.] Univ Oklahoma Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Norman, OK USA. [Voss, Jameson D.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allison, DB (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ryals Bldg,Room 140J,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM Dallison@uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [T32DK062710, P30DK056336, R25DK099080] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers T32DK062710, P30DK056336 and R25DK099080. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2972 EI 1365-2362 J9 EUR J CLIN INVEST JI Eur. J. Clin. Invest. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1111/eci.12378 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AX6UO UT WOS:000347056700006 PM 25444088 ER PT J AU Alsid, S Serna, M AF Alsid, Scott Serna, Mario TI Unifying Geometrical Representations of Gauge Theory SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Kaluza Klein; Gauge field theory: composite; Field theoretical model: C PN-1; Gauge geometry embedding; Grassmannian models; Hidden-spatial geometry ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; KALUZA-KLEIN DESCRIPTION; UNIVERSAL CONNECTIONS; RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY; SIGMA-MODELS; FIELDS; VARIABLES; MANIFOLDS; FORMULATION; EXISTENCE AB We unify three approaches within the vast body of gauge-theory research that have independently developed distinct representations of a geometrical surface-like structure underlying the vector-potential. The three approaches that we unify are: those who use the compactified dimensions of Kaluza-Klein theory, those who use Grassmannian models (also called gauge theory embedding or models) to represent gauge fields, and those who use a hidden spatial metric to replace the gauge fields. In this paper we identify a correspondence between the geometrical representations of the three schools. Each school was mostly independently developed, does not compete with other schools, and attempts to isolate the gauge-invariant geometrical surface-like structures that are responsible for the resulting physics. By providing a mapping between geometrical representations, we hope physicists can now isolate representation-dependent physics from gauge-invariant physical results and share results between each school. We provide visual examples of the geometrical relationships between each school for electric and magnetic fields. We highlight a first new result: in all three representations a static electric field (electric field from a fixed ring of charge or a sphere of charge) has a hidden gauge-invariant time dependent surface that is underlying the vector potential. C1 [Alsid, Scott; Serna, Mario] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Serna, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c15scott.alsid@usafa.edu; mario.serna@usafa.edu RI Serna, Mario/M-1226-2015 OI Serna, Mario/0000-0001-9650-6732 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 EI 1572-9516 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1 BP 75 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s10701-014-9841-x PG 29 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AY0IJ UT WOS:000347280200006 ER PT J AU Neff, LP Cannon, JW Morrison, JJ Edwards, MJ Spinella, PC Borgman, MA AF Neff, Lucas P. Cannon, Jeremy W. Morrison, Jonathan J. Edwards, Mary J. Spinella, Philip C. Borgman, Matthew A. TI Clearly defining pediatric massive transfusion: Cutting through the fog and friction with combat data SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma / Clinical Congress of Acute Care Surgery CY SEP 09-13, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE Pediatric trauma; massive transfusion; damage control resuscitation; combat injury ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; LIFE-THREATENING COAGULOPATHY; FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; EVERY 2ND COUNTS; TRAUMA PATIENTS; CIVILIAN TRAUMA; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; RATIO AB BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion (MT) in pediatric patients remains poorly defined. Using the largest existing registry of transfused pediatric trauma patients, we sought a data-driven MT threshold. METHODS: The Department of Defense Trauma Registry was queried from 2001 to 2013 for pediatric trauma patients (<18 years). Burns, drowning, isolated head injury, and missing Injury Severity Score (ISS) were excluded. MT was evaluated as a weight-based volume of all blood products transfused in the first 24 hours. Mortality at 24 hours and in the hospital was calculated for increasing transfusion volumes. Sensitivity and specificity curves for predicting mortality were used to identify an optimal MT threshold. Patients above and below this threshold (MT+ and MT-, respectively) were compared. RESULTS: The Department of Defense Trauma Registry yielded 4,990 combat-injured pediatric trauma patients, of whom 1,113 were transfused and constituted the study cohort. Sensitivity and specificity for 24-hour and in-hospital mortality were optimal at 40.1-mL/kg and 38.6-mL/kg total blood products in the first 24 hours, respectively. With the use of a pragmatic threshold of 40 mL/kg, patients were divided into MT+ (n = 443) and MT-(n = 670). MT+ patients were more often in shock (68.1% vs. 47.0%, p < 0.001), hypothermic (13.0% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001), coagulopathic (45.0% vs. 29.6%, p < 0.001), and thrombocytopenic (10.6% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.002) on presentation. MT+ patients had a higher ISS, more mechanical ventilator days, and longer intensive care unit and hospital stay. MT+ was independently associated with an increased 24-hour mortality (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.88; p = 0.007) and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.70-3.92; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on this large cohort of transfused combat-injured pediatric patients, a threshold of 40 mL/kg of all blood products given at any time in the first 24 hours reliably identifies critically injured children at high risk for early and in-hospital death. This evidence-based definition will provide a consistent framework for future research and protocol development in pediatric resuscitation. Copyright (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neff, Lucas P.] Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Fairfield, CA USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.; Edwards, Mary J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Borgman, Matthew A.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. [Neff, Lucas P.; Cannon, Jeremy W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Spinella, Philip C.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Morrison, Jonathan J.] Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Cannon, JW (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM jcannon@massmed.org RI Borgman, Matthew/L-9477-2015; OI Borgman, Matthew/0000-0002-2008-7380; Morrison, Jonathan/0000-0001-7462-8456 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 78 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1097/TA.0000000000000488 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA AX3OB UT WOS:000346847500004 PM 25539199 ER PT J AU Fu, K Murphy, J Yang, M Otto, K Jensen, D Wood, K AF Fu, Katherine Murphy, Jeremy Yang, Maria Otto, Kevin Jensen, Dan Wood, Kristin TI Design-by-analogy: experimental evaluation of a functional analogy search methodology for concept generation improvement SO RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Design-by-analogy; Function-based analogy; Design cognition ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; IDEA GENERATION; A-DESIGN; KNOWLEDGE; REPRESENTATIONS; SIMILARITY; REPOSITORY; MODEL; REUSE AB Design-by-analogy is a growing field of study and practice, due to its power to augment and extend traditional concept generation methods by expanding the set of generated ideas using similarity relationships from solutions to analogous problems. This paper presents the results of experimentally testing a new method for extracting functional analogies from general data sources, such as patent databases, to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies. In summary, the approach produces significantly improved results on the novelty of solutions generated and no significant change in the total quantity of solutions generated. Computationally, this design-by-analogy facilitation methodology uses a novel functional vector space representation to quantify the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. The mapping of the patents into the functional analogous words enables the generation of functionally relevant novel ideas that can be customized in various ways. Overall, this approach provides functionally relevant novel sources of design-by-analogy inspiration to designers and design teams. C1 [Fu, Katherine; Yang, Maria] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fu, Katherine; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Murphy, Jeremy] Schlumberger Ltd, Sugar Land, TX USA. [Jensen, Dan] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, K (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. EM kfu@me.gatech.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0855326, CMMI-0855510, CMMI-0855293]; SUTD-MIT International Design Centre (IDC) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Matthew Campbell, Dr. Richard Crawford, and Dr. Joseph Beaman for their discussions and insights on this work. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant Numbers CMMI-0855326, CMMI-0855510, and CMMI-0855293, and support from the SUTD-MIT International Design Centre (IDC), http://idc.sutd.edu.sg. NR 90 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0934-9839 EI 1435-6066 J9 RES ENG DES JI Res. Eng. Design PD JAN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 1 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s00163-014-0186-4 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA AX8NN UT WOS:000347166200005 ER PT J AU Husaini, S Lesko, A Heckman, EM Bedford, RG AF Husaini, Saima Lesko, Alyssa Heckman, Emily M. Bedford, Robert G. TI Engineered bio-compatible graphene nanomaterials for nonlinear applications SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; LAYER GRAPHENE; ULTRAFAST; OXIDE; HYBRID; DNA; ABSORPTION; PHOTONICS AB Hybrid systems combining individual optical, electronic and mechanical properties of two or more constituents have the potential of resulting in enhanced functional materials. Graphene, due to its zero bandgap, linear electronic dispersion and subsequently broadband nature, has attracted significant interest as a promising material in the optoelectronic arena. However, the ability to tune its optical properties at high fluences in a way that is compatible with large scale production without thermally induced damage has challenged adoption in industry. This work strives to overcome such issues through the development of a graphene-hybrid material. Here we combine the strong nonlinearity of graphene with the thermal stability of a DNA composite, while facilitating solution processing for large area surface coverage. The graphene-DNA composite results in a hybrid material exhibiting a tunable nonlinear response in the nanosecond and femtosecond regimes in addition to potentially possessing an extremely high damage threshold of > 170 J/cm(2) when functionalized appropriately. C1 [Husaini, Saima] Wyle Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Lesko, Alyssa; Heckman, Emily M.; Bedford, Robert G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Husaini, S (reprint author), Wyle Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM robert.bedford@us.af.mil FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; AFOSR [LRIR 14RY09COR] FX Part of this work was conducted while S.H. held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. We would like to thank Dr. Matthew Sfier at the Center of Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Labs for assistance with the z-scan measurements. We would also like to acknowledge Jonathan Slagle at the Materials Directorate at Wright Patterson Air Force Base for his help in I-scan measurements. Special thanks to Xiaoze Liu for carrying out initial z-scan measurements on the solution samples. This project was partially supported by AFOSR LRIR 14RY09COR. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1364/OME.5.000102 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AX4BF UT WOS:000346878400010 ER PT J AU Levy, M Carroll, TK El-Ganainy, R AF Levy, Miguel Carroll, Turhan K. El-Ganainy, Ramy TI Enhancing optical isolator performance in nonreciprocal waveguide arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLOCH OSCILLATIONS AB We investigate the operation of optical isolators based on magneto-optics waveguide arrays beyond the coupled mode analysis. Semi-vectorial beam propagation simulations demonstrate that evanescent tail coupling and the effects of radiation are responsible for degrading the device's performance. Our analysis suggests that these effects can be mitigated when the array size is scaled up. In addition, we propose the use of radiation blockers in order to offset some of these effects, and we show that they provide a dramatic improvement in performance. Finally, we also study the robustness of the system with respect to fabrication tolerances using the coupled mode theory. We show that small, random variations in the system's parameters tend to average out as the number of optical guiding channels increases. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Levy, Miguel; El-Ganainy, Ramy] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Levy, Miguel; Carroll, Turhan K.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levy, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mlevy@mtu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RY); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Arje Nachman), through the Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, and Testing Information Analysis Center (AMM-TIAC) [FA4600-06-D-0003 DO#0048] FX The authors M. L. and T. C. acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RY) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Arje Nachman), through the Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, and Testing Information Analysis Center (AMM-TIAC) Contract FA4600-06-D-0003 DO#0048. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1364/OL.40.000111 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AX4BE UT WOS:000346878300030 PM 25531622 ER PT J AU Shaffer, MK Lilly, TC Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Shaffer, M. K. Lilly, T. C. Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. TI In situ non-perturbative temperature measurement in a Cs alkali laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; HEAT-TRANSFER; INTERFEROMETER AB The two- dimensional (2D) temperature profiles of an active-gain medium in a Cs + methane diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) have been experimentally measured. This nonperturbative technique uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is longitudinally coupled into the cavity of an operating alkali laser to probe the distortion of the optical path length in the gain medium due to heating. The resulting interferograms are analyzed using the commercial program QuickFringe to quickly and accurately measure the distortion through which the temperature profile can be determined. For a 9 W Cs + methane DPAL being pumped with 20 W of resonant D2 light, a maximum temperature rise of 58 degrees C is observed. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Shaffer, M. K.; Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lilly, T. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Shaffer, MK (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.Shaffer.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office for Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This effort was funded in part by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and the Air Force Office for Scientific Research. This work used, in part, the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant no. OCI-1053575. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1364/OL.40.000119 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AX4BE UT WOS:000346878300032 PM 25531624 ER PT J AU Bianchini, A Gonzalez, CR Barker, WR AF Bianchini, Alessandra Gonzalez, Carlos R. Barker, Walter R. TI Recommendations for the Minimum Thickness of Concrete Pavements Supporting F-15 and C-17 Aircrafts SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Rigid pavements; Minimum thickness; Strain gauges; Full-scale pavement test section; Heavy aircraft pavement AB The procedure for the design of military rigid airfield pavements contained in the Unified Facilities Criteria 3-260-02 gives the minimum thickness of airfield concrete pavements as 152mm (6in.). The introduction of the C-17 aircraft and the requirement of dowel bars as a joint load transfer mechanism bring into question the validity of the 152-mm (6-in.) minimum thickness. With the objective of updating such minimum thickness criteria, a full-scale test section was constructed and trafficked with loads simulating F-15, B-52, and C-17 aircraft landing gear. Evaluation of the test section performance and analysis of the strain data supported a U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center team recommendations that the minimum pavement thickness be increased to 203mm (8in.) for any doweled airfield pavement and that the minimum thickness of 279mm (11in.) should be required for those pavements supporting C-17 aircraft. C1 [Bianchini, Alessandra] Airbase Recovery & Acquisit SME, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Bianchini, Alessandra; Gonzalez, Carlos R.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bianchini, A (reprint author), Airbase Recovery & Acquisit SME, AFCEC CXAI 139 Barnes Dr,Ste 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM alessandra.bianchini@us.af.mil; carlos.r.gonzalez@usace.army.mil; wrbarker37@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X EI 1943-5436 J9 J TRANSP ENG JI J. Transp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 1 AR 06014002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000732 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AW5WQ UT WOS:000346342200010 ER PT J AU de Villiers, JP Laskey, K Jousselme, AL Blasch, E de Waal, A Pavlin, G Costa, P AF de Villiers, J. P. Laskey, K. Jousselme, A. -L. Blasch, E. de Waal, A. Pavlin, G. Costa, P. GP IEEE TI Uncertainty representation, quantification and evaluation for data and information fusion SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB Mathematical and uncertainty modelling is an important component of data fusion (the fusion of unprocessed sensor data) and information fusion (the fusion of processed or interpreted data). If uncertainties in the modelling process are not or are incorrectly accounted for, fusion processes may provide under- or overconfident results, or in some cases incorrect results. These are often owing to incorrect or invalid simplifying assumptions during the modelling process. The authors investigate the sources of uncertainty in the modelling process. In particular, four processes of abstraction are identified where uncertainty may enter the modelling process. These are isolation abstraction (where uncertainty is introduced by isolating a portion of the real world to be modelled), datum uncertainty (where uncertainty is introduced by representing real world information by a mathematical quantity), data generation abstraction (where uncertainty is introduced through a mathematical representation of the mapping between a real-world process and an observable datum), and process abstraction (where uncertainty is introduced through a mathematical representation of real world entities and processes). The uncertainties associated with these abstraction processes are characterised according to the uncertainty representation and reasoning evaluation framework (URREF) ontology. A Bayesian network information fusion use case that models the rhino poaching problem is utilised to demonstrate the taxonomies introduced in this paper. C1 [de Villiers, J. P.] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [de Villiers, J. P.; de Waal, A.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Laskey, K.; Costa, P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jousselme, A. -L.] NATO STO Ctr Maritime Res & Experimentat, La Spezia, IT, Italy. [Blasch, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Pavlin, G.] Thales Res & Technol, D CIS Lab, Delft, Netherlands. RP de Villiers, JP (reprint author), CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. EM pieter.devilliers@up.ac.za; klaskey@gmu.edu; Anne-Laure.jousselme@cmre.nato.int; erik.blasch@rl.af.mil; alta.dewaal@up.ac.za; gregor.pavlin@d-cis.nl; pcosta@gmu.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300008 ER PT J AU Blasch, E Aved, A AF Blasch, Erik Aved, Alex GP IEEE TI URREF for Veracity Assessment in Query-Based Information Fusion Systems SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Query-based systems; URREF; Level 5 User Refinement; High-Level Information Fusion; Semantic Labels; Multimedia Indexing; Live Video Computing DataBase Management System ID TREES; RECOGNITION AB The uncertainty representation and reasoning evaluation framework (URREF) ontology discusses an organization, categorization, taxonomy and definitions of uncertainty. Uncertainty can be either subjective or objective pending its source. For example, the information's origin can affect the evaluation, processing, and results from information fusion systems. In this paper we explore the coordination of a user and machine, and its effects on the ontology; our focus is on query-based systems. A user requesting information provides refinement of the analysis via queries which are typically semantic in nature. A query that is continuously refined reduces uncertainty and the information can be used in the ontology as part of the source, evaluation, and information quality. For example, a user receiving a response to a query can determine if the response meets the quality, evaluation, and source criteria. The user response (i.e. relevance feedback) to "did this answer your question," can subsequently alter the uncertainty values. Together with the URREF ontology, query-based information fusion systems can work synergistically to reduce decision uncertainty. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Aved, Alex] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; alexander.aved@us.af.mil NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300009 ER PT J AU Fitch, JA Oxley, ME Kabban, CMS AF Fitch, James A. Oxley, Mark E. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert GP IEEE TI Optimal Fusion Rules for Label Fusion of Dependent Classification Systems SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB A classification system with M possible output labels (or decisions) will have M(M-1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. When multiple classification systems are fused, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC manifolds for each system into one ROC manifold. In this paper we will start with the independence assumption and then investigate fused statistically-dependent classification systems. Specifically, we will use label fusion (also called decision fusion) of multiple classification systems to combine these dependent systems and demonstrate the benefit in performance of incorporating the dependence effects into the fused classification system. We will derive the formula for the generalized AND rule for the resultant ROC manifold of the fused classification system which incorporates the individual dependent classification systems. We will also develop a method utilizing permutation matrices to generate formulas for other label-fusion rules. Examples will be given that demonstrate how the formulas are used. C1 [Fitch, James A.; Oxley, Mark E.; Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fitch, JA (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.fitch@linquest.com; Mark.Oxley@afit.edu; Christine.SchubertKabban@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 605 EP 612 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300081 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Wei, D Newstadt, G DeGraef, M Simmons, J Hero, A AF Chen, Yu-Hui Wei, Dennis Newstadt, Gregory DeGraef, Marc Simmons, Jeffrey Hero, Alfred GP IEEE TI Statistical Estimation and Clustering of Group-invariant Orientation Parameters SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB We treat the problem of estimation of orientation parameters whose values are invariant to transformations from a spherical symmetry group. Previous work has shown that any such group-invariant distribution must satisfy a restricted finite mixture representation, which allows the orientation parameter to be estimated using an Expectation Maximization (EM) maximum likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm. In this paper, we introduce two parametric models for this spherical symmetry group estimation problem: 1) the hyperbolic Von Mises Fisher (VMF) mixture distribution and 2) the Watson mixture distribution. We also introduce a new EM-ML algorithm for clustering samples that come from mixtures of group-invariant distributions with different parameters. We apply the models to the problem of mean crystal orientation estimation under the spherically symmetric group associated with the crystal form, e.g., cubic or octahedral or hexahedral. Simulations and experiments establish the advantages of the extended EM-VMF and EM-Watson estimators for data acquired by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) microscopy of a polycrystalline Nickel alloy sample. C1 [Chen, Yu-Hui; Hero, Alfred] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wei, Dennis] Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Newstadt, Gregory] Google Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [DeGraef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Simmons, Jeffrey] US Air Force, Res Lab AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 719 EP 726 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300094 ER PT J AU Jia, B Pham, KD Blasch, E Shen, D Wang, ZH Tian, X Chen, GS AF Jia, Bin Pham, Khanh D. Blasch, Erik Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Information Weighted Consensus-based Cooperative Space Object Tracking to overcome Malfunctioned Sensors and Noisy Links SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Consensus; Kalman filter; Space object tracking; Cubature rule; Malfunctioned node; Noisy links; Space situational awareness ID FILTER AB With the rapid development of sensor technology, multiple sensors are often available in many engineering applications, such as space object tracking. How to effectively use multiple sensor information is the key to achieving accurate space object state information. In this paper, the information weighted consensus (IWC) strategy is deployed to solve the cooperative sensor tracking problem. In addition, the information theoretic method and the repeated consensus, are used to detect a malfunctioned sensor and overcome the problem of noisy links in the cooperative tracking scenario. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated by a typical space object tracking problem using multiple sensors. The results indicate that: 1) The proposed algorithms can obtain stable estimation results when there is malfunctioned node in the network, 2) can mitigate the effect of noisy links, and 3) achieves close performance to the result with perfect communication links and known malfunctioned node. The results will facilitate the application of using the information weighted consensus algorithm for real multiple sensor space object tracking scenarios. C1 [Jia, Bin; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai; Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM bin.jia@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; dshen@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com; xtian@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1286 EP 1292 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300168 ER PT J AU Hussein, II Roscoe, CWT Wilkins, MP Schumacher, PW AF Hussein, Islam I. Roscoe, Christopher W. T. Wilkins, Matthew P. Schumacher, Paul W., Jr. GP IEEE TI On Mutual Information for Observation-to-Observation Association SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB In this paper, we build on recent work to further investigate the use of mutual information to tackle the observation-to-observation association (OTOA) problem where we are given a set of observations at different time instances and wish to determine which of these observations were generated by the same RSO. The approach relies on using an appropriate initial orbit determination (IOD) method in addition to the notion of mutual information within an unscented transform framework. We assert that, because the underlying initial orbit determination algorithm is deterministic, we can introduce an approximate correction factor to the IOD methodology. The correction is a function represented by a constant bias for this work but can be expanded to other parametrizations. The application of this correction results in an order of magnitude improvement in performance for our mutual information data association technique over the previous results. The correction can be used in conjunction with other information theoretic discriminators for data association; however it was found in previous work that mutual information is the most precise discriminator. The information theoretic solution described in this paper can be adjusted to address the other (OTTA and TTTA) association problems, which will be the focus of future research. We will demonstrate the main result in simulation for LEO, MEO, GTO, and GEO orbit regimes to show general applicability. C1 [Hussein, Islam I.; Roscoe, Christopher W. T.; Wilkins, Matthew P.] Appl Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Schumacher, Paul W., Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Hussein, II (reprint author), Appl Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM IHussein@AppliedDefense.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1293 EP 1298 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300169 ER PT J AU Pang, Y Shi, XC Jia, B Blasch, E Sheaff, C Pham, K Chen, GS Ling, HB AF Pang, Yu Shi, Xinchu Jia, Bin Blasch, Erik Sheaff, Carolyn Pham, Khanh Chen, Genshe Ling, Haibin GP IEEE TI Multiway Histogram Intersection for Multi-target Tracking SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE multiway histogram intersection; feature comparison; tensor; multi-target tracking; WAMI AB In recent studies of multi-target tracking, high-order association and its corresponding high-order affinity (or similarity) is often preferred over pairwise comparisons to capture high-order discriminative information. A naturally raised challenge is to calculate affinity (or similarity) among more than two target candidates. When target appearance is represented by histograms, such as the popular SIFT and HOG descriptors, pairwise matching measurements, such as Histogram Intersection (HI) etc. are often combined to fit the high-order request in an ad hoc way. However, such combinations may be ineffective and inefficient. In this paper, we address the pairwise matching issue by proposing a novel multi-histogram similarity named Multiway Histogram Intersection (MHI). MHI naturally extends HI by summing over the "min" value of all histograms in each bin. MHI applies to any number of histograms, fits the request of multi-target tracking better and requires less time than previously used affinities. To demonstrate its superiority, we integrate MHI into a recently proposed rank-1-tensor-approximation multi-tracking framework and apply it to vehicle tracking in wide aerial video surveillance. The advantage of using MHI is clearly supported by the experimental results against six common approaches on two public benchmark datasets. C1 [Pang, Yu; Shi, Xinchu; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik; Sheaff, Carolyn; Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pang, Y (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM yu.pang@temple.edu; xinchu.shi@temple.edu; bin.jia@intfusiontech.com; erik.blasch@us.af.mil; carolyn.sheaff@us.af.mil; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com; hbling@temple.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1938 EP 1945 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300254 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Schrock, O Rizki, MM Velten, VJ AF Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Rizki, Mateen M. Velten, Vincent J. GP IEEE TI Manifold and Transfer Subspace Learning for Cross-Domain Vehicle Recognition in Dynamic Systems SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE transfer learning; transfer subspace learning; electro-optical imaging; vehicle recognition; manifold learning ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; DIFFUSION MAPS; FRAMEWORK AB Transfer Subspace Learning has gained recent popularity in the literature for its ability to perform cross-dataset and cross-domain object recognition-enablers for data fusion. The ability to leverage existing data without the need for additional data collections is attractive for Automatic Target Recognition applications. For Automatic Target Recognition (or object assessment) applications, Transfer Subspace Learning is a game changer for dynamic systems, as it enables the incorporation of sparse and dynamically collected data into existing systems that utilize large, dense databases. A baseline Transfer Subspace Learning technique is the Transfer Fisher's Linear Discriminative Analysis, an approach based on Bregman divergence-based regularization. This paper modifies the implementation of the Transfer Fisher's Linear Discriminative Analysis technique by combining it with Manifold Learning and adjusting it to allow for a more systematic search of tuning parameters. Specifically, the Diffusion Map approach is utilized, a Manifold Learning approach based on heat diffusion. The modified technique is then utilized for cross-data and cross-domain electro-optical vehicle recognition. C1 [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Velten, Vincent J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rizki, Mateen M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Mendoza-Schrock, O (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1954 EP 1961 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300256 ER PT J AU Wu, R Liu, BW Chen, Y Blasch, E Ling, HB Chen, GS AF Wu, Ryan Liu, Bingwei Chen, Yu Blasch, Erik Ling, Haibin Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Pseudo-Real-Time Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) Processing for Dynamic Feature Detection SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery); Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems; Pseudo-Real-Time Processing; Container-based Cloud AB Real-time information fusion based on WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery), FMV (Full Motion Video), and Text data is highly desired for many mission critical emergency or military applications. However, due to the huge data rate, it is still infeasible to process streaming WAMI in a real-time manner and achieve the goal of online, uninterrupted target tracking. In this paper, a pseudo-real-Time WAMI data stream processing scheme is proposed. Taking advantage of the temporal and spatial locality properties, a divide-and-conquer strategy is adopted to overcome the challenge resulted from the large amount of dynamic data. Each WAMI frame is divided into multiple sub-areas and certain specifically interested sub-areas are assigned to the virtual machines in a container-based cloud computing architecture, which allows dynamic resource provisioning to meet the performance requirement. A prototype has been implemented and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Wu, Ryan; Liu, Bingwei; Chen, Yu] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1962 EP 1969 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300257 ER PT J AU Ilin, R Blasch, E AF Ilin, Roman Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Information Fusion with Belief Functions: a comparison of Proportional Conflict Redistribution PCR5 and PCR6 rules for Networked Sensors SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Probability; Belief Functions; Conflicting Data; Sensor Networks; Hasse Diagram AB We compare several belief fusion methods, including the proportional conflict redistribution rules (PCR5 and PCR6) for multiple sources. The PCR fusion of evidence methods have shown improvement over the classical Dempster-Shafer and Bayesian fusion techniques in the presence of conflicting information. The PCR6 rule shows improvement over PCR5 when the number of sources increases. Using Hasse graphical diagrams, we highlight the comparison between the methods. To our knowledge, this is the first such comparison between PCR5 and PCR6 with more than two sources. The results point toward a transition between PCR5 and PCR6 at three sources. C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com; erik.blasch@gmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 2084 EP 2091 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300271 ER PT J AU Ilin, R Zhang, J AF Ilin, Roman Zhang, Jun GP IEEE TI Information Fusion with Topological Event Spaces SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Information Fusion; Probability; Lattice Theory; Distributive Lattice; Topology; Topological Event Space; Belief Functions; Sensor Networks; Dempster-Shafer; Proportional Conflict Redistribution; Target Classification ID BELIEF AB we develop a novel information fusion scheme based on topological event space, viewed as a distributive lattice. We discuss the advantages of topological modeling and compare our approach to the existing Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer, and Dezert-Smarandache approaches. The proposed scheme is described in detail and illustrated with an example of fusion of three sensors in the presence of missing information. C1 [Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Jun] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Zhang, Jun] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com; junz@umich.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 2092 EP 2099 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300272 ER PT S AU Gruber, S Streeter, R York, G AF Gruber, Scott Streeter, Robert York, George GP IEEE TI Flexible Multi-agent Algorithm for Distributed Decision Making SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA DE Unmanned aircraft systems; distributed; decentralized; decision making AB This article presents an algorithm for decentralized control and decision making among a number of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). The approach is scalable and adaptable to a variety of specific mission tasks. Additionally, the algorithm could easily be adapted for use on land or sea-based systems. Each UAS involved in an automated decision making process uses a selection of both predefined and derived parameters with corresponding predetermined weights to develop a score. These scores, and associated "scorecards," are then iteratively distributed to all involved agents, ranked, and used to determine task participants. Simulation as well as flight testing shows the algorithm provides appropriate team assignments in a variety of situations while remaining robust to agent dropouts, inconsistent communications, and dynamic situations. C1 [Gruber, Scott; Streeter, Robert; York, George] US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Res, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2F6, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP York, G (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Res, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2F6, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM George.york@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500002 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, K Casbeer, D Pachter, M AF Krishnamoorthy, K. Casbeer, D. Pachter, M. GP IEEE TI Minimum Time UAV Pursuit of a Moving Ground Target Using Partial Information SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA AB The optimal control of a "blind" UAV searching for a target moving on a road network and heading at a known speed toward a set of goal vertices is considered. To aid the UAV, some roads in the network have been instrumented with Unattended Ground Sensors (UGSs) that detect the target's passage. When the UAV arrives at an instrumented node, the UGS therein informs the UAV if and when the target visited the node. In addition, the UAV can choose to wait/loiter for an arbitrary time at any UGS location/node. At time 0, the target passes by an entry node on his way towards one of the exit nodes. The UAV also arrives at this entry node after some delay and is thus informed about the presence of the target/target in the network, whereupon the chase is on-the UAV is tasked with capturing the target. Because the UAV is blind, capture entails the UAV and target being collocated at an UGS location. If this happens, the UGS is triggered and this information is instantaneously relayed to the UAV, thereby enabling capture. On the other hand, if the target reaches one of the exit nodes without being captured, he is deemed to have escaped. For a given initial delay, we compute the pursuit policy, if it exists, that achieves capture in minimum time, under worst-case target actions. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Casbeer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500025 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, S Kingston, D AF Rasmussen, Steven Kingston, Derek GP IEEE TI Development and Flight Test of an Area Monitoring System Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Unattended Ground Sensors SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA AB This document describes the motivation, theoretical description, development, and flight test of a system that utilizes unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and unattended ground sensors (UGSs) to detect and image intruders on a road network. The need for completely autonomous behavior drives the design of this system so that the UAV makes onboard decisions based upon inputs from off-board sensors (unattended ground sensors). A complete road surveillance system consisting of a UAV and over 30 UGSs was designed and simulated. The system was also flight tested in a realistic operating environment. C1 [Rasmussen, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kingston, Derek] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.rasmussen@wpafb.af.mil; derek.kingston@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 1215 EP 1224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500147 ER PT S AU Zoldi, CDMK Speirs, FLGR AF Zoldi, Colonel Dawn M. K. Speirs, First Lieutenant Gregory R. GP IEEE TI US Domestic Regulation of National Airspace: An Evolution and Suggested Way Ahead SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA C1 [Zoldi, Colonel Dawn M. K.; Speirs, First Lieutenant Gregory R.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zoldi, Colonel Dawn M. K.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zoldi, CDMK (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.; Zoldi, CDMK (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dawn.zoldi@us.af.mil; gregoryrspeirs@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 1285 EP 1294 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500155 ER PT J AU Zheng, H Huang, Y Ling, HB Blasch, E Yang, H AF Zheng, Hong Huang, Ying Ling, Haibin Blasch, Erik Yang, Hao GP IEEE TI Struck based Infrared Flying Bird Tracking Experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2015 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY (ICCSNT 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT) CY DEC 19-20, 2015 CL Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Heilongjiang Univ, Dalian Jiaotong Univ, NE Normal Univ, Shaanxi Normal Univ, Harbin Inst Technol, IEEE, IEEE Harbin Sect DE computer vision; object tracking; infrared ID VISUAL TRACKING; OBJECT TRACKING AB Bird strikes present a huge risk for air vehicles, especially since traditional airport bird surveillance is mainly dependent on inefficient human observation. Recently, multiple groups have proposed bird monitoring using computer vision to detect birds, determine bird flying trajectories, and predict aircraft takeoff delays. However, the characteristics of bird flight using imagery which should be handled by visual tracking algorithm are not well known. Therefore, we perform bird flight tracking experiments using a robust approach, Struck, to obtain useful clues and recommend feature analysis. We also develop a Struck-scale method that uses the power of Struck while accounting for different image sizes through multiple scale sampling adaption. Using four types of features and four types of kernel functions, a performance comparison is demonstrated on a real infrared bird flight dataset. Through experiments, we conclude six characteristics of the bird tracking. The general analysis can be used in the bird tracking methods for airport safety, remote bird monitoring, and urban bird population studies. C1 [Zheng, Hong; Huang, Ying] Beihang Univ, Sch Automat Sci & Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Yang, Hao] China Acad Civil Aviat Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, H (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Sch Automat Sci & Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8173-4 PY 2015 BP 724 EP 727 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9JK UT WOS:000393314500147 ER PT J AU Just, RS Scheible, MK Fast, SA Sturk-Andreaggi, K Rock, AW Bush, JM Higginbotham, JL Peck, MA Ring, JD Huber, GE Xavier, C Strobl, C Lyons, EA Diegoli, TM Bodner, M Fendt, L Kralj, P Nagl, S Niederwieser, D Zimmermann, B Parson, W Irwin, JA AF Just, Rebecca S. Scheible, Melissa K. Fast, Spence A. Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly Roeck, Alexander W. Bush, Jocelyn M. Higginbotham, Jennifer L. Peck, Michelle A. Ring, Joseph D. Huber, Gabriela E. Xavier, Catarina Strobl, Christina Lyons, Elizabeth A. Diegoli, Toni M. Bodner, Martin Fendt, Liane Kralj, Petra Nagl, Simone Niederwieser, Daniela Zimmermann, Bettina Parson, Walther Irwin, Jodi A. TI Full mtGenome reference data: Development and characterization of 588 forensic-quality haplotypes representing three US populations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE mtDNA; mtGenome; Sequencing; Reference population database; Heteroplasmy; Haplogroup ID HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MTDNA CONTROL REGION; EXTENDED GUIDELINES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; DATA SET; HETEROPLASMY; GENOME; SEQUENCE; MUTATIONS; FREQUENCY AB Though investigations into the use of massively parallel sequencing technologies for the generation of complete mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) profiles from difficult forensic specimens are well underway in multiple laboratories, the high quality population reference data necessary to support full mtGenome typing in the forensic context are lacking. To address this deficiency, we have developed 588 complete mtGenome haplotypes, spanning three U.S. population groups (African American, Caucasian and Hispanic) from anonymized, randomly-sampled specimens. Data production utilized an 8-amplicon, 135 sequencing reaction Sanger-based protocol, performed in semi-automated fashion on robotic instrumentation. Data review followed an intensive multi-step strategy that included a minimum of three independent reviews of the raw data at two laboratories; repeat screenings of all insertions, deletions, heteroplasmies, transversions and any additional private mutations; and a check for phylogenetic feasibility. For all three populations, nearly complete resolution of the haplotypes was achieved with full mtGenome sequences: 90.3-98.8% of haplotypes were unique per population, an improvement of 7.7-29.2% over control region sequencing alone, and zero haplotypes overlapped between populations. Inferred maternal biogeographic ancestry frequencies for each population and heteroplasmy rates in the control region were generally consistent with published datasets. In the coding region, nearly 90% of individuals exhibited length heteroplasmy in the 12418-12425 adenine homopolymer; and despite a relatively high rate of point heteroplasmy (23.8% of individuals across the entire molecule), coding region point heteroplasmies shared by more than one individual were notably absent, and transversion-type heteroplasmies were extremely rare. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes among point heteroplasmies in the protein-coding genes (1:1.3) and average pathogenicity scores in comparison to data reported for complete substitutions in previous studies seem to provide some additional support for the role of purifying selection in the evolution of the human mtGenome. Overall, these thoroughly vetted full mtGenome population reference data can serve as a standard against which the quality and features of future mtGenome datasets (especially those developed via massively parallel sequencing) may be evaluated, and will provide a solid foundation for the generation of complete mtGenome haplotype frequency estimates for forensic applications. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Just, Rebecca S.; Scheible, Melissa K.; Fast, Spence A.; Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly; Bush, Jocelyn M.; Peck, Michelle A.; Ring, Joseph D.; Diegoli, Toni M.; Irwin, Jodi A.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover Afb, DE 19902 USA. [Just, Rebecca S.; Scheible, Melissa K.; Fast, Spence A.; Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly; Bush, Jocelyn M.; Higginbotham, Jennifer L.; Peck, Michelle A.; Ring, Joseph D.; Lyons, Elizabeth A.; Diegoli, Toni M.; Irwin, Jodi A.] Amer Registry Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Just, Rebecca S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Roeck, Alexander W.; Huber, Gabriela E.; Xavier, Catarina; Strobl, Christina; Bodner, Martin; Fendt, Liane; Kralj, Petra; Nagl, Simone; Niederwieser, Daniela; Zimmermann, Bettina; Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Just, RS (reprint author), Amer Registry Pathol, 15245 Shady Grove Rd,Suite 335, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM rebecca.s.just.ctr@mail.mil OI Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392 FU National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice [2011-MU-MU-K402]; European Union [285487]; Medical University Innsbruck [2013042025] FX This project was supported by Award No. 2011-MU-MU-K402, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The research leading to this publication was also funded in part by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 285487, and by the intramural funding program of the Medical University Innsbruck for young scientists MUI-START, Project 2013042025. The opinions or assertions presented herein are the private views of the authors and should not be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of Justice, Department of Defense, its branches, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Michigan State Police or the U.S. Government. Commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified to specify some experimental procedures. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the U.S Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of the Army, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Michigan State Police or the U.S. Government, nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PY 2015 VL 14 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.09.021 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AU4XW UT WOS:000345612700021 PM 25450785 ER PT J AU Bonior, J Hu, Z Guo, TN Qiu, RC Browning, JP Wicks, MC AF Bonior, Jason Hu, Zhen Guo, Terry N. Qiu, Robert C. Browning, James P. Wicks, Michael C. TI Software-Defined-Radio-Based Wireless Tomography: Experimental Demonstration and Verification SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Convex optimization; inverse scattering; phase retrieval; semidefinite relaxation; software-defined radio (SDR); Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP); wireless tomography ID SCATTERING AB This letter presents an experimental demonstration of software-defined-radio-based wireless tomography using computer-hosted radio devices called Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). This experimental brief follows our vision and previous theoretical study of wireless tomography that combines wireless communication and RF tomography to provide a novel approach to remote sensing. Automatic data acquisition is performed inside an RF anechoic chamber. Semidefinite relaxation is used for phase retrieval, and the Born iterative method is utilized for imaging the target. Experimental results are presented, validating our vision of wireless tomography. C1 [Bonior, Jason] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, RF Commun & Intelligent Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, Zhen; Guo, Terry N.; Qiu, Robert C.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cognit Radio Inst, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Hu, Zhen; Guo, Terry N.; Qiu, Robert C.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Browning, James P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bonior, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, RF Commun & Intelligent Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jbonior21@students.tntech.edu; zhu@tntech.edu; nguo@tntech.edu; rqiu@tntech.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901420, ECCS-0821658, CNS-1247778]; Office of Naval Research [N0001010-1-0810, N00014-11-1-0006]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Subcontract through the prime contractor RNET Technologies, Inc., on the Center for Innovative Radar Engineering [FA8650-10-D-1750]; Air Force Research Laboratory/RY FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0901420, Grant ECCS-0821658, and Grant CNS-1247778, by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N0001010-1-0810 and Grant N00014-11-1-0006, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Subcontract through the prime contractor RNET Technologies, Inc., on the Center for Innovative Radar Engineering under Contract FA8650-10-D-1750 with Air Force Research Laboratory/RY. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2330764 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN9TU UT WOS:000340952500036 ER PT J AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. TI A Wavelet-Packet-Based Radar Waveform for High Resolution in Range and Velocity Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Doppler effect; Doppler measurements; pulse compression radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); wavelets ID COMPACTLY SUPPORTED WAVELETS; PULSE-COMPRESSION; SIDELOBE REDUCTION; ORTHONORMAL BASES; MIMO RADAR; APODIZATION; CODES AB In this paper, a new radar waveform based on wavelet packets is proposed. This waveform shows significant advantages over conventional linear frequency modulated waveforms for range and velocity detections of moving targets. The proposed waveform can decouple its envelope and carrier for range and velocity estimations, respectively, because of which the Doppler spread term can be totally removed when estimating velocity and the Doppler effect ignored when estimating range. This way, the proposed waveform produces higher resolution in range or velocity detection. The proposed waveform can be applied to the synthetic aperture radar for improved performance. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Signals Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cao.151@osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2321258 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700018 ER PT J AU Christensen, JC Shiyanov, PA Estepp, JR Schlager, JJ AF Christensen, James C. Shiyanov, Pavel A. Estepp, Justin R. Schlager, John J. TI Lack of Association between Human Plasma Oxytocin and Interpersonal Trust in a Prisoner's Dilemma Paradigm SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; VASOPRESSIN; BLOOD; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; COOPERATION; ALTRUISM; CORTISOL; WOMEN AB Expanding interest in oxytocin, particularly the role of endogenous oxytocin in human social behavior, has created a pressing need for replication of results and verification of assay methods. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend previous results correlating plasma oxytocin with trust and trustworthy behavior. As a necessary first step, the two most commonly used commercial assays were compared in human plasma via the addition of a known quantity of exogenous oxytocin, with and without sample extraction. Plasma sample extraction was found to be critical in obtaining repeatable concentrations of oxytocin. In the subsequent trust experiment, twelve samples in duplicate, from each of 82 participants, were collected over approximately six hours during the performance of a Prisoner's Dilemma task paradigm that stressed human interpersonal trust. We found no significant relationship between plasma oxytocin concentrations and trusting or trustworthy behavior. In light of these findings, previous published work that used oxytocin immunoassays without sample extraction should be reexamined and future research exploring links between endogenous human oxytocin and trust or social behavior should proceed with careful consideration of methods and appropriate biofluids for analysis. C1 [Christensen, James C.; Estepp, Justin R.; Schlager, John J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shiyanov, Pavel A.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Christensen, JC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.christensen.7@us.af.mil FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX This research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via the Air Force Research Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR UNSP e116172 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0116172 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX6YH UT WOS:000347063500055 PM 25549255 ER PT J AU Golden, EM Basun, SA Grabar, AA Stoika, IM Giles, NC Evans, DR Halliburton, LE AF Golden, E. M. Basun, S. A. Grabar, A. A. Stoika, I. M. Giles, N. C. Evans, D. R. Halliburton, L. E. TI Sulfur vacancies in photorefractive Sn2P2S6 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CENTERS; ENHANCEMENT; DEPENDENCE; CONSTANTS AB A photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum in single crystals of Sn2P2S6 (SPS) is assigned to an electron trapped at a sulfur vacancy. These vacancies are unintentionally present in undoped SPS crystals and are expected to play an important role in the photorefractive behavior of the material. Nonparamagnetic sulfur vacancies are formed during the initial growth of the crystal. Subsequent illumination below 100K with 442 nm laser light easily converts these vacancies to EPR-active defects. The resulting S = 1/2 spectrum shows well-resolved and nearly isotropic hyperfine interactions with two P ions and two Sn ions. Partially resolved interactions with four additional neighboring Sn ions are also observed. Principal values of the g matrix are 1.9700, 1.8946, and 1.9006, with the corresponding principal axes along the a, b, and c directions in the crystal. The isotropic parts of the two primary P-31 hyperfine interactions are 19.5 and 32.6MHz and the isotropic parts of the two primary Sn hyperfine interactions are 860 and 1320MHz (the latter values are each an average for Sn-117 and Sn-119). These hyperfine results suggest that singly ionized sulfur vacancies have a diffuse wave function in SPS crystals, and thus are shallow donors. Before illumination, sulfur vacancies are in the doubly ionized charge state because of compensation by unidentified acceptors. They then trap an electron during illumination. The EPR spectrum from the sulfur vacancy is destroyed when a crystal is heated above 120K in the dark and reappears when the crystal is illuminated again at low temperature. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Golden, E. M.; Giles, N. C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Halliburton, L. E.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Grabar, A. A.; Stoika, I. M.] Uzhgorod Natl Univ, Inst Solid State Phys & Chem, UA-88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), Azimuth Corp, 4134 Linden Ave,Suite 300, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu OI Grabar, Alexander/0000-0002-2551-7036 FU European Office of Research and Development [P438a] FX The authors thank Adam Brant for assistance in the initial stages of this research project. Work at Uzhgorod National University was supported by the European Office of Research and Development (Project P438a). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 24 AR 244107 DI 10.1063/1.4904927 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AX8MT UT WOS:000347164300028 ER PT J AU Kohlmeyer, RR Buskohl, PR Deneault, JR Durstock, MF Vaia, RA Chen, J AF Kohlmeyer, Ryan R. Buskohl, Philip R. Deneault, James R. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. Chen, Jian TI Shape-Reprogrammable Polymers: Encoding, Erasing, and Re-Encoding SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MEMORY POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; NETWORKS; SHEETS C1 [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Buskohl, Philip R.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Chen, Jian] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Deneault, James R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Kohlmeyer, RR (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM ryan.kohlmeyer.ctr@us.af.mil; jianchen@uwm.edu FU National Research Council FX R.R.K. thanks the National Research Council for the Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors thank A. Safriet for helping to design and machine the biaxial stretching device. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with A. Schwabacher. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 114 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 23 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 48 BP 8114 EP 8119 DI 10.1002/adma.201402901 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AW7ZR UT WOS:000346480800005 PM 25323148 ER PT J AU Shenogin, S Lee, J Voevodin, AA Roy, AK AF Shenogin, Sergei Lee, Jonghoon Voevodin, Andrey A. Roy, Ajit K. TI The effect of molecular mobility on electronic transport in carbon nanotube-polymer composites and networks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONTACT AB A multiscale modeling approach to the prediction of electrical conductivity in carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composite materials is developed, which takes into account thermally activated molecular mobility of the matrix and the CNTs. On molecular level, a tight-binding density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method are used to calculate the static electron transmission function in the contact between two metallic carbon nanotubes that corresponds to electron transport at 0K. For higher temperatures, the statistical distribution of effective contact resistances is considered that originates from thermal fluctuations of intermolecular distances caused by molecular mobility of carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix. Based on this distribution and using effective medium theory, the temperature dependence of macroscopic electrical resistivity for CNT-polymer composites and CNT mats is calculated. The predicted data indicate that the electrical conductivity of the CNT-polymer composites increases linearly with temperature above 50 K, which is in a quantitative agreement with the experiments. Our model predicts a slight nonlinearity in temperature dependence of electric conductivity at low temperatures for percolated composites with small CNT loading. The model also explains the effect of glass transition and other molecular relaxation processes in the polymer matrix on the composite electrical conductivity. The developed multiscale approach integrates the atomistic charge transport mechanisms in percolated CNT-polymer composites with the macroscopic response and thus enables direct comparison of the prediction with the measurements of macroscopic material properties. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shenogin, Sergei; Lee, Jonghoon; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Roy, Ajit K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shenogin, Sergei] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lee, Jonghoon] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shenogin, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sergei.shenogin.ctr.ru@us.af.mil FU AOFSR Lab [3001BR3P] FX Support through AOFSR Lab Task 3001BR3P (Program Manager: Dr. Byung-Lip Lee) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 23 AR 233704 DI 10.1063/1.4904759 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AX0HW UT WOS:000346634500021 ER PT J AU Grabowski, CA Koerner, H Meth, JS Dang, A Hui, CM Matyjaszewski, K Bockstaller, MR Durstock, MF Vaia, RA AF Grabowski, Christopher A. Koerner, Hilmar Meth, Jeffrey S. Dang, Alei Hui, Chin Ming Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof Bockstaller, Michael R. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Performance of Dielectric Nanocomposites: Matrix-Free, Hairy Nanoparticle Assemblies and Amorphous Polymer-Nanoparticle Blends SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polymer-grafted nanoparticles; colloidal silica; dielectric breakdown; permittivity; energy storage; capacitor ID SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATION; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; BARIUM-TITANATE NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; HIGH-PERMITTIVITY; FILMS; NANODIELECTRICS; POLYPROPYLENE; COMPOSITES AB Demands to increase the stored energy density of electrostatic capacitors have spurred the development of materials with enhanced dielectric breakdown, improved permittivity, and reduced dielectric loss. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), consisting of a blend of amorphous polymer and dielectric nanofillers, have been studied intensely to satisfy these goals; however, nanoparticle aggregates, field localization due to dielectric mismatch between particle and matrix, and the poorly understood role of interface compatibilization have challenged progress. To expand the understanding of the inter-relation between these factors and, thus, enable rational optimization of low and high contrast PNC dielectrics, we compare the dielectric performance of matrix-free hairy nanoparticle assemblies (aHNPs) to blended PNCs in the regime of low dielectric contrast to establish how morphology and interface impact energy storage and breakdown across different polymer matrices (polystyrene, PS, and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA) and nanoparticle loadings (0-50% (v/v) silica). The findings indicate that the route (aHNP versus blending) to well-dispersed morphology has, at most, a minor impact on breakdown strength trends with nanoparticle volume fraction; the only exception being at intermediate loadings of silica in PMMA (15% (v/v)). Conversely, aHNPs show substantial improvements in reducing dielectric loss and maintaining charge/discharge efficiency. For example, low-frequency dielectric loss (1 Hz-1 kHz) of PS and PMMA aHNP films was essentially unchanged up to a silica content of 50% (v/v), whereas traditional blends showed a monotonically increasing loss with silica loading. Similar benefits are seen via high-field polarization loop measurements where energy storage for similar to 15% (v/v) silica loaded PMMA and PS aHNPs were 50% and 200% greater than respective comparable PNC blends. Overall, these findings on low dielectric contrast PNCs clearly point to the performance benefits of functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with high-molecular-weight polymers for polymer nanostructured dielectrics. C1 [Grabowski, Christopher A.; Koerner, Hilmar; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grabowski, Christopher A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Meth, Jeffrey S.] EI DuPont de Nemours & Co Inc, DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Dang, Alei; Hui, Chin Ming; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bockstaller, Michael R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil RI Bockstaller, Michael/A-9124-2011; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008 OI Bockstaller, Michael/0000-0001-9046-9539; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 0969301, CMMI-1234263]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0169] FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for their financial support, along with V. McNeir and J. DeCerbo for their assistance with energy storage characterization, and Changzai Chi for colloidal silica samples. K.M. and M.R.B. acknowledge partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Nos. DMR 0969301 and CMMI-1234263) and AFOSR (No. FA9550-09-1-0169). NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 23 BP 21500 EP 21509 DI 10.1021/am506521r PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AW5PL UT WOS:000346326600110 PM 25365781 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Cheng, S Wang, WD Bunning, TJ Li, CY AF Smith, Derrick M. Cheng, Shan Wang, Wenda Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Christopher Y. TI Polymer electrolyte membranes with exceptional conductivity anisotropy via holographic polymerization SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polymer electrolyte membrane; Solid polymer electrolytes; Ion conducting; Holographic polymerization; Photopolymerization; Ionic liquid ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; LITHIUM-SALTS; FILMS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; ORGANIZATION; PERFORMANCE; FILTRATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Polymer electrolyte membranes using an ionic liquid as electrolyte with an ionic conductivity anisotropy of 5000 have been fabricated using a holographic polymerization nanomanufacturing technique. The resultant structure is referred to as holographic polymer electrolyte membranes (hPEMs), which are comprised of alternating nanolayers of a room temperature ionic liquid and crosslinked polymer resin, confirmed under TEM imaging. These hPEMs also show no reduction in room temperature conductivity with respect to the loaded ionic liquid when characterized in the plane of ionic liquid nanolayers. At elevated temperatures with the optimal electrolyte volume loading, calculation shows that the free ion concentration is higher than the pure ionic liquid, suggesting that the photopolymer dual-functionalizes as a loadbearing scaffold and an ion-complexing agent, allowing for more ions to participate in charge transfer. These hPEMs provide a promising solution to decoupling mechanical enhancement and ion transport in polymer electrolyte membranes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Derrick M.; Cheng, Shan; Wang, Wenda; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM chrisli@drexel.edu RI Li, Christopher/A-1603-2012 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1334067]; NSF IGERT; GRFP FX CYL is grateful for the support from the National Science Foundation through grants CMMI-1334067. DMS would like to acknowledge the NSF IGERT and GRFP fellowship support. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 271 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour2014.07.172 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AR2CQ UT WOS:000343391600077 ER PT J AU Carter, BA Retterer, JM Yizengaw, E Wiens, K Wing, S Groves, K Caton, R Bridgwood, C Francis, M Terkildsen, M Norman, R Zhang, K AF Carter, B. A. Retterer, J. M. Yizengaw, E. Wiens, K. Wing, S. Groves, K. Caton, R. Bridgwood, C. Francis, M. Terkildsen, M. Norman, R. Zhang, K. TI Using solar wind data to predict daily GPS scintillation occurrence in the African and Asian low-latitude regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GPS scintillation; equatorial plasma bubbles; ionosphere-thermosphere modeling ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; IRREGULARITIES; MINIMUM; MODEL; KP AB The feasibility of predicting the daily occurrence of Global Positioning System scintillation events using forecasts of common geophysical indices to drive a physics-based model of the system is demonstrated over a 5 month period for the African and Asian longitude sectors. The output from the Wing Kp model, which uses solar wind data to predict the geomagnetic activity level up to 4h in advance, was used to drive the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere/ionosphere model, from which the strength of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth rate was calculated to determine the likelihood of scintillation. It is found that the physics-based model demonstrates superior skill to an empirical scintillation model (Wideband Model (WBMOD)) in forecasting scintillation suppression events during seasons when scintillation is common. However, neither of the models driven in this way possess the ability to forecast isolated scintillation events during transitional and off-peak seasons. C1 [Carter, B. A.; Retterer, J. M.; Yizengaw, E.; Groves, K.; Bridgwood, C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. [Carter, B. A.; Norman, R.; Zhang, K.] RMIT Univ, SPACE Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Wiens, K.; Caton, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Wing, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Francis, M.; Terkildsen, M.] Bur Meteorol, Space Weather Serv, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Carter, BA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. EM carterba@bc.edu RI Carter, Brett/J-2224-2012; Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Carter, Brett/0000-0003-4881-3345; Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 FU Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; Australian Research Council Linkage grant [LP130100243]; Australian Antarctic Science grant [4159]; NASA LWS [NNX11AP02G]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-104371]; NSF [ATM-0802715, AGS-1058456]; NASA [NNX13AE12G] FX This research was partially supported by the Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship awarded to B. A. Carter., the Australian Research Council Linkage grant (project LP130100243) and the Australian Antarctic Science grant (project 4159) to K. Zhang. E. Yizengaw's time was supported by NASA LWS (NNX11AP02G) and AFOSR (FA9550-12-104371) grants. S. Wing acknowledges the support of NSF grants ATM-0802715 and AGS-1058456, and NASA grant NNX13AE12G. The SCINDA network was operated by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The TIEGCM source code was obtained from the High Altitude Observatory website, http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/. The Wing Kp predictions and solar activity data were obtained from the NOAA SWPC website, http://http://www.swpc.noaa.gov. Assistance with WBMOD provided by B. McNeil is kindly acknowledged. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8176 EP 8184 DI 10.1002/2014GL062203 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000005 ER PT J AU Zhang, BY Hendrickson, J Nader, N Chen, HT Guo, JP AF Zhang, Boyang Hendrickson, Joshua Nader, Nima Chen, Hou-Tong Guo, Junpeng TI Metasurface optical antireflection coating SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAMATERIAL ABSORBERS; BAND; BROAD; ELECTRODES; REFRACTION AB Light reflection at the boundary of two different media is one of the fundamental phenomena in optics, and reduction of reflection is highly desirable in many optical systems. Traditionally, optical antireflection has been accomplished using single-or multiple-layer dielectric films and graded index surface structures in various wavelength ranges. However, these approaches either impose strict requirements on the refractive index matching and film thickness, or involve complicated fabrication processes and non-planar surfaces that are challenging for device integration. Here, we demonstrate an antireflection coating strategy, both experimentally and numerically, by using metasurfaces with designer optical properties in the mid-wave infrared. Our results show that the metasurface antireflection is capable of eliminating reflection and enhancing transmission over a broad spectral band and a wide incidence angle range. The demonstrated antireflection technique has no requirement on the choice of materials and is scalable to other wavelengths. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Zhang, Boyang; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua; Nader, Nima] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Chen, Hou-Tong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu RI Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009 OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-1158862]; AFOSR under a LRIR Contract [12RY05COR]; LANL LDRD program; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX B. Zhang and J. Guo acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Award NSF-1158862. J. Hendrickson and N. Nader acknowledge the support from AFOSR under a LRIR Contract No. 12RY05COR. H.-T. Chen acknowledges the partial support from LANL LDRD program. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Nanoscale Science Research Center operated jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 24 AR 241113 DI 10.1063/1.4904827 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AX0LJ UT WOS:000346643600013 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Huang, JQ AF Goltz, Mark N. Huang, Junqi TI Reply to comment on "Validation of two innovative methods to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater" by Goltz et al. (2009) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Groundwater flow; Pump test; Modeling C1 [Goltz, Mark N.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, ENV, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@afit.edu; huang.junqi@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 171 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.014 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AW6RO UT WOS:000346396400009 PM 25453250 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Li, AY Martinez, O Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA Guo, H AF Ard, Shaun G. Li, Anyang Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. Guo, Hua TI Experimental and Theoretical Kinetics for the H2O+ -> H-2/D-2 -> H3O+/H2DO+ + H/D Reactions: Observation of the Rotational Effect in the Temperature Dependence SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATOM ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; MOLECULE REACTION DYNAMICS; INTERSTELLAR OH+; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BRANCHING RATIO; ENERGY; STATE; H3O+; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY AB Thermal rate coefficients for the title reactions computed using a quasi-classical trajectory method on an accurate global potential energy surface fitted to similar to 81,000 high-level ab initio points are compared with experimental values measured between 100 and 600 K using a variable temperature selected ion flow tube instrument. Excellent agreement is found across the entire temperature range, showing a subtle, but unusual temperature dependence of the rate coefficients. For both reactions the temperature dependence has a maximum around 350 K, which is a result of H2O+ rotations increasing the reactivity, while kinetic energy is decreasing the reactivity. A strong isotope effect is found, although the calculations slightly overestimate the kinetic isotope effect. The good experiment-theory agreement not only validates the accuracy of the potential energy surface but also provides more accurate kinetic data over a large temperature range. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Li, Anyang; Viggiano, Albert A.; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil; hguo@unm.edu RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014; Li, Anyang/J-2138-2016 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X; Li, Anyang/0000-0001-6634-842X FU Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research [DE-FG02-05ER15694]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research (DE-FG02-05ER15694 to H.G.) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-2303EP to A.A.V.). O.M. acknowledges the National Research Council. S.G.A acknowledges the support of Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. H.G. thanks Cheuk Ng for numerous stimulating discussions. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 49 BP 11485 EP 11489 DI 10.1021/jp510399v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AW5ND UT WOS:000346320800005 PM 25398042 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Ultrafast saturation of resonant optical processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COHERENT-LIGHT; AREA THEOREM; 2-LEVEL ATOM; PULSES; PROPAGATION; TRANSITIONS; DRIVEN; SYSTEM AB A generalized formulation is presented for determining the saturation thresholds for optical processes excited by ultrafast pulses based on the pulse area of the excitation pulse. It is demonstrated that the threshold of driving-pulse intensity for absorption and fluorescence saturation in a two-level system is inversely proportional to the square of the duration of the excitation pulse. These results are obtained from both a simplified analytical solution assuming a Gaussian excitation pulse shape and a detailed numerical calculation based on density-matrix equations. The calculation is generalized further to obtain the saturation condition for a two-photon Raman process by defining a two-photon pulse area both analytically and numerically. These results not only provide predictive capabilities for determining thresholds of signal saturation using ultrashort durations with arbitrary pulse shapes and durations but also open up possibilities for predetermining the threshold intensities of various resonant nonlinear processes. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wright.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-D-2329, FA8650-12-C-2200]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (Contracts No. F33615-03-D-2329 and No. FA8650-12-C-2200) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2014-3989). The authors would like to thank Dr. H. Stauffer for his in-depth comments and stimulating discussions. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 063813 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.063813 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AW2AT UT WOS:000346091300005 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, MG Mercado, E Church, BA Gramann, K Makeig, S AF Wisniewski, Matthew G. Mercado, Eduardo, III Church, Barbara A. Gramann, Klaus Makeig, Scott TI Brain dynamics that correlate with effects of learning on auditory distance perception SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electroencephalography (EEG); perceptual learning; familiarity; independent component analysis (ICA); ranging; event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; WORKING-MEMORY; EEG DYNAMICS; ORDER TASKS; CORTEX; DISCRIMINATION; SPEECH; BLIND AB Accuracy in auditory distance perception can improve with practice and varies for sounds differing in familiarity. Here, listeners were trained to judge the distances of English, Bengali, and backwards speech sources pre-recorded at near (2-m) and far (30-m) distances. Listeners' accuracy was tested before and after training. Improvements from pre-test to post-test were greater for forward speech, demonstrating a learning advantage for forward speech sounds. Independent component (IC) processes identified in electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during pre- and post-testing revealed three clusters of ICs across subjects with stimulus-locked spectral perturbations related to learning and accuracy. One cluster exhibited a transient stimulus-locked increase in 4-8 Hz power (theta event-related synchronization; ERS) that was smaller after training and largest for backwards speech. For a left temporal cluster, 8-12 Hz decreases in power (alpha event-related desynchronization; ERD) were greatest for English speech and less prominent after training. In contrast, a cluster of IC processes centered at or near anterior portions of the medial frontal cortex showed learning-related enhancement of sustained increases in 10-16 Hz power (upper-alpha/low-beta ERS). The degree of this enhancement was positively correlated with the degree of behavioral improvements. Results suggest that neural dynamics in non-auditory cortical areas support distance judgments. Further, frontal cortical networks associated with attentional and/or working memory processes appear to play a role in perceptual learning for source distance. C1 [Wisniewski, Matthew G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wisniewski, Matthew G.; Mercado, Eduardo, III; Church, Barbara A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Gramann, Klaus] Berlin Inst Technol, Berlin, Germany. [Makeig, Scott] Univ Calif San Diego, Swartz Ctr Computat Neurosci, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Wisniewski, MG (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Bldg 441,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matt.g.wisniewski@gmail.com OI Church, Barbara/0000-0002-1392-9121 FU NSF [SBE 0542013, SBE 0835976]; BRC grant from the Office of Naval Research; Swartz Foundation (Old Field, NY) FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. SBE 0542013 to the Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center, SBE 0835976 to CELEST, a BRC grant from the Office of Naval Research and by a gift from The Swartz Foundation (Old Field, NY). Part of this research was performed while Matthew G. Wisniewski held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Patchouly Banks for recording of stimuli and Arnaud Delorme for advice on EEG analysis. We also thank Max Goder-Reiser, Alexandria Zakrzewski, Ben Sawyer, and Itzel Orduna for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-453X J9 FRONT NEUROSCI-SWITZ JI Front. Neurosci. PD DEC 9 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 396 DI 10.3389/fnins.2014.00396 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AW9DP UT WOS:000346558100001 PM 25538550 ER PT J AU Ouskova, E De Sio, L Vergara, R White, TJ Tabiryan, N Bunning, TJ AF Ouskova, Elena De Sio, Luciano Vergara, Rafael White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy J. TI Ultra-fast solid state electro-optical modulator based on liquid crystal polymer and liquid crystal composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; MICROCAPSULES; NETWORKS; GRATINGS; DROPLETS AB A different generation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) based on a liquid crystalline polymer host is reported wherein the fluid behavior of the reactive mesogenic monomer is an enabler to concentration windows (liquid crystal polymer/liquid crystal) (and subsequent morphologies) not previously explored. These liquid crystal (LC) polymer/LC composites, LCPDLCs, exhibit excellent optical and electro-optical properties with negligible scattering losses in both the ON and OFF states. These systems thus have application in systems where fast phase modulation of optical signal instead of amplitude control is needed. Polarized optical microscopy and high resolution scanning electron microscopy confirm a bicontinuous morphology composed of aligned LC polymer coexisting with a phase separated LC fluid. Operating voltages, switching times, and spectra of LCPDLCs compare favourably to conventional PDLC films. The LCPDLCs exhibit a low switching voltage (4-5 V/mu m), symmetric and submillisecond (200 mu s) on/off response times, and high transmission in both the as formed and switched state in a phase modulation geometry. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ouskova, Elena; De Sio, Luciano; Vergara, Rafael; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano@beamco.com NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 23 AR 231122 DI 10.1063/1.4904214 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AW4QO UT WOS:000346266000022 ER PT J AU O'Hara, PJ Hollkamp, JJ AF O'Hara, Patrick J. Hollkamp, Joseph J. TI Modeling vibratory damage with reduced-order models and the generalized finite element method SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE PREDICTION; MECHANICS PROBLEMS; 2-SCALE APPROACH; FEM AB This paper investigates a coupled computational analysis framework that uses reduced-order models and the generalized finite element method to model vibratory induced stress near local defects. The application area of interest is the life prediction of thin gauge structural components exhibiting nonlinear, path-dependent dynamic response. Full-order finite element models of these structural components can require prohibitively large amounts of processor time. Recent developments in nonlinear reduced-order models have demonstrated efficient computation of the dynamic response. These models are relatively insensitive to small imperfections. Conversely, the generalized finite element method provides the ability to model local defects without geometric dependency on the mesh. A more robust version of the method, with numerically built enrichment functions, provides a multiple-scale modeling capability through direct coupling of global and local finite element models. Replacing the component finite element model with a reduced-order model allows for efficient computation of dynamic response while providing the necessary information to drive local, solid analyses which can zoom in on regions containing stress risers or cracks. This paper describes the coupling of these approaches to enable fatigue and crack propagation predictions. Numerical/experimental examples are provided. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Hara, Patrick J.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hollkamp, Joseph J.] RQHF, Struct Sci Ctr, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Hara, PJ (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 North Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Patrick.Ohara.3.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB07COR] FX The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Task No. 09RB07COR (Dr. David Stargel, Program Manager) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Professor Armando Duarte of the University of Illinois for allowing the use of his GFEM code for certain portions of this work. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 333 IS 24 BP 6637 EP 6650 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.07.023 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AQ1NG UT WOS:000342547500022 ER PT J AU Bennett, RA Behrens, E Zinn, A Duncheon, C Lamkin, TJ AF Bennett, R. A. Behrens, E. Zinn, A. Duncheon, C. Lamkin, T. J. TI Differential inhibition of centrosome amplification in 2-CEES-treated Saos-2 cells by antioxidants glutathione and Trolox. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ASCB/IFCB Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol, Int Federat Cell Biol C1 [Bennett, R. A.] Univ So Indiana, Dept Biol, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Behrens, E.; Duncheon, C.] Univ So Indiana, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Zinn, A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Lamkin, T. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect Mol Genet, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2014 VL 25 MA P175 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CE8LP UT WOS:000352094100176 ER PT J AU Fulkerson, JD Behrens, E Zinn, A Duncheon, C Lamkin, TJ Bennett, RA AF Fulkerson, J. D. Behrens, E. Zinn, A. Duncheon, C. Lamkin, T. J. Bennett, R. A. TI p53 protein reduces centrosome amplification in human cells exposed to subtoxic levels of 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide (2-CEES) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ASCB/IFCB Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol, Int Federat Cell Biol C1 [Fulkerson, J. D.] Univ So Indiana, Biol, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Behrens, E.; Zinn, A.; Duncheon, C.] Univ So Indiana, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Zinn, A.] Univ Toledo, Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Lamkin, T. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect Mol Genet, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Bennett, R. A.] Univ So Indiana, Dept Biol, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2014 VL 25 MA P1859 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CE8LP UT WOS:000352094100260 ER PT J AU Carfang, AJ Frew, EW Kingston, DB AF Carfang, Anthony J. Frew, Eric W. Kingston, Derek B. TI Cascaded Optimization of Aircraft Trajectories for Persistent Data Ferrying SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ROBOTIC SENSOR NETWORKS; AD HOC NETWORKS; MOBILITY; COLLECTION; SYSTEM AB This paper investigates the optimality of periodic trajectories of an unmanned aircraft ferrying data between two stationary sensor nodes. The aircraft has a single half-duplex radio channel for wireless communication, and it must allocate the channel along its trajectory to maximize data transfer between the nodes. The general data-ferrying problem is known to be nondeterministic polynomial-time hard. This work takes advantage of the problem structure to cascade the solution between trajectory optimization and bandwidth optimization. It is proven that this decomposition retains optimality, and the necessary conditions are derived for the trajectories to be optimal. Insights from these conditions lead to efficient policies on bandwidth allocation. The current cascaded method significantly reduces the dimension of the persistent data-ferrying problem and is verified in simulation to perform several orders of magnitude faster than the traditional noncascaded method. C1 [Carfang, Anthony J.; Frew, Eric W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingston, Derek B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carfang, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU National Science Foundation [IIP-1161029] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation award IIP-1161029. The authors would like to thank TimBrown of the University of Colorado and Amit Surana of the United Technologies Research Corporation for their welcoming discussion, input, and resources on the dataferry problem. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 807 EP 820 DI 10.2514/1.I010228 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CA1KQ UT WOS:000348671900001 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Cummings, Russell M. TI Unsteady aerodynamics modeling for aircraft maneuvers: A new approach using time-dependent surrogate modeling SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lndicial functions; Kriging; Unsteady aerodynamics; Optimal control; Dynamic derivatives ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS AB A new approach for computing the unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamic loads acting on a maneuvering aircraft is presented based on linear and nonlinear indicial response methods. The novelty of this approach relies on the use of a grid motion technique for CFD calculation of response functions and the development of a time-dependent surrogate model that fits the relationship between flight conditions (Mach number and angle of attack) and responses calculated from a limited number of simulations (samples). The reduced-order model, along with the surrogate model, provides a means for rapid calculation of response functions and predicting aerodynamic forces and moments during maneuvering flight. The maneuvers are generated using a time-optimal prediction code, each covering a different range of angle of attack and motion rates. The side-slip angle ranges from 5 to 5 for all maneuvers, and the model assumes that the lateral aerodynamics is linear with side-slip angle over this range. Results presented show that the aircraft studied in the current paper exhibits highly nonlinear roll moments even at low angles of attack which the linear model fails to predict. The results of the new model provide some evidence that, for a certain range of input parameters, in certain maneuvers considered, the predictions match quite well with URANS CFD predictions. The models were at least better than traditional quasi-steady predictions. However, for aircraft maneuvering at high angles of attacks, discrepancies are found in lateral coefficients between the model and CFD. At these conditions, the lateral airloads become highly nonlinear with side-slip angle and the model fails to predict these effects. Also, the results show that the CFD calculation of response functions in the high angle of attack flight regime remains a challenging task. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu; Russ.Cummings@usafa.edu FU USAFA [FA70001320018] FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi is supported by USAFA under contract FA70001320018; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements are expressed to the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program for providing computer time. The SACCON geometry was provided by NATO RTO Task Group AVT-161 on Assessment of Stability and Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air 81 Sea Vehicles. The authors also appreciate the support provided by the High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 39 BP 222 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2014.09.009 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AY7MB UT WOS:000347743100023 ER PT J AU Brost, G Magde, K AF Brost, George Magde, Kevin TI Ground-based radiometric measurements of slant-path attenuation in the V/W bands SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radio wave propagation ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MELTING LAYER; RAIN; MICROWAVE; RADAR; CLOUD; GHZ; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES AB Ground-based radiometric techniques were applied to measure the slant-path attenuation cumulative distribution function to over 20dB of attenuation and to less than 1% exceedance probability at the V and W band frequencies of 72.5 and 82.5GHz. These are the first such measurements in these frequency bands. Brightness temperature measurements were collected at an elevation angle of 36 degrees in Rome, NY, using a four-channel radiometer that included 23.8 and 31.4GHz receivers. A model-based approach was used to invert brightness temperature to attenuation. An atmospheric model relevant to the geographic location and statistically representative of the attenuating conditions was developed for this purpose. The main assumption of the atmospheric model was that the sources of attenuation for exceedance probabilities of concern were dominated by stratiform rain. Monte Carlo solutions to the radiative transfer equation for the precipitating atmosphere were used to generate the attenuation retrieval algorithm. Sensitivity analysis showed that the attenuation retrieval algorithm was robust to uncertainties in the model parameters. Slant-path attenuation was also measured with the radiometer using the Sun as a source of radiation. Over 30dB of attenuation dynamic range was possible with this technique. Sun-beacon measurements were used to test model predictions. C1 [Brost, George; Magde, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Brost, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. EM george.brost@us.af.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1183 EP 1193 DI 10.1002/2014RS005552 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA CA0XU UT WOS:000348637600005 ER PT J AU Michalak, T Emo, S Ervin, J AF Michalak, Travis Emo, Stephen Ervin, Jamie TI Control strategy for aircraft vapor compression system operation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Aircraft; Thermal management; Vapor compression system; Control ID EVAPORATOR AB Future, high-performance military aircraft will likely use vapor compression systems to manage the temperatures of multiple loads which are time-varying, dissimilar, and have high-turndown ratios. Experiments were performed using a scaled vapor compression system over a hypothetical flight profile to compare the temperature control performance and energy consumption of a superheat and capacity control strategy (Method A) against those of an alternate cycle-based strategy (Method B). Method B modulated the compressor speed to control the saturated suction temperature (SST) and modulated the expansion valves to directly control the evaporator heat load outlet temperature. The vapor compression system used two evaporators with dynamic and dissimilar heat loads. Method B offered better temperature control performance for the profile examined. The coefficient of performance (COP) of Method B was slightly greater than that of Method A. However if the overcooling produced by Method A was penalized, the useful COP of Method B would be meaningfully higher. Lastly, Method B did not require back pressure control valves. The use of fewer components is important for aircraft weight and reliability concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 [Michalak, Travis] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Emo, Stephen; Ervin, Jamie] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ervin, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jervin1@udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-D-2224] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-12-D-2224. The authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas Reitz and Dr. Larry Byrd for their insightful technical comments. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge Victor Tsao for his expertise with LabView programming and assistance in acquiring the measurements. Lastly, they would like to thank William Melke for his assistance in fabricating the experiment and acquiring the measurements. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.08.010 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AY5DD UT WOS:000347592500003 ER PT J AU Bazilevskaya, GA Cliver, EW Kovaltsov, GA Ling, AG Shea, MA Smart, DF Usoskin, IG AF Bazilevskaya, Galina A. Cliver, Edward W. Kovaltsov, Gennady A. Ling, Alan G. Shea, M. A. Smart, D. F. Usoskin, Ilya G. TI Solar Cycle in the Heliosphere and Cosmic Rays SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Heliosphere; Cosmic rays; Solar energetic particles; Solar activity ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAUNDER MINIMUM; PROTON EVENTS; CURRENT SHEET; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; TERMINATION SHOCK; CHARGED PARTICLES; HIGH-ENERGIES AB Manifestations of the 11-year solar cycle and longer time-scale variability in the heliosphere and cosmic rays are considered. We briefly review the cyclic variability of such heliospheric parameters as solar wind speed and density and heliospheric magnetic field, open magnetic flux and latitude variations of the heliospheric current sheet. It is discussed whether the local in-situ observation near Earth can represent the global 3D heliospheric pattern. Variability of cosmic rays near Earth provides an indirect useful tool to study the heliosphere. We discuss details of the heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays, as recorded at and near Earth, and their relation to the heliospheric conditions in the outer heliosphere. On the other hand, solar energetic particles can serve as probes for explosive phenomena on the Sun and conditions in the corona and inner heliosphere. The occurrence of major solar proton events depicts an overall tendency to follow the solar cycle but individual events may appear at different phases of the solar cycle, as defined by various factors. The solar cycle in the heliosphere and cosmic rays depicts a complex pattern which includes different processes and cannot be described by a simple correlation with sunspot number. C1 [Bazilevskaya, Galina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Cliver, Edward W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cliver, Edward W.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kovaltsov, Gennady A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Ling, Alan G.] Atmospher Environm Res, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Shea, M. A.; Smart, D. F.] SSSRC, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. [Usoskin, Ilya G.] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Usoskin, Ilya G.] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, Oulu 90014, Finland. RP Usoskin, IG (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland. EM gbaz@rambler.ru; ecliver@nso.edu; gen.koval@mail.ru; aling@aer.com; sssrc@msn.com; donsmart100@msn.com; ilya.usoskin@oulu.fi RI Bazilevskaya, Galina/M-6175-2015 FU RFBR [14-02-00905a, 14-02-10006k, 13-02-00585, 13-02-00931, 12-02-00215a]; Presidium of the RAS; AFOSR Task [2301RDZ4]; AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036]; Academy of Finland; ReSoLVE Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland) [272157] FX This work is a result of the ISSI workshop "The Solar Activity Cycle: Physical Causes And Consequences". G.B. acknowledges support of the RFBR grants 14-02-00905a, 14-02-10006k, 13-02-00585, 13-02-00931, 12-02-00215a and of the "Fundamental Properties of Matter and Astrophysics" Program of the Presidium of the RAS. E.W.C. acknowledges support from AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. G.K. was partly supported by the Academy of Finland. I.U.'s contribution is in the framework of the ReSoLVE Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland, project no. 272157). Dr. Clifford Lopate is acknowledged for Huancayo/Haleakala NM data. Oulu NM data is available at http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi. NR 150 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 409 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0084-0 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY2HO UT WOS:000347409800014 ER PT J AU Grupen, M AF Grupen, Matt TI Three-Dimensional Full-Wave Electromagnetics and Nonlinear Hot Electron Transport With Electronic Band Structure for High-Speed Semiconductor Device Simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; Delaunay; energy transport; Fermi kinetics; full-wave electromagnetics; semiconductor device simulation; Voronoi ID WAFER RF CHARACTERIZATION; FREQUENCY ACTIVE DEVICES; IMPLANTED GAAS-MESFETS; TRANSISTORS; CIRCUITS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; DISPERSION; EQUATIONS; PHYSICS AB For predictive simulation of high-speed electronic components, an accurate and numerically efficient hot electron transport model is solved simultaneously with Maxwell's full-wave vector field equations. The transport model is based on ideal Fermi gas kinetics and incorporates electronic band structure as well as the essential electron scattering mechanisms. It couples self-consistently to full-wave electromagnetics through a field discretization scheme based on the relationship between Delaunay and Voronoi meshes. Three-dimensional simulations of different GaAs transistor designs produce dc and high-frequency results that compare well with measured data. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Senors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grupen, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Senors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.grupen@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2868 EP 2877 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2365781 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AX6EK UT WOS:000347015900003 ER PT J AU Covey, CJ Hawks, MK AF Covey, Carlton J. Hawks, Matthew K. TI Nontraumatic knee pain: A diagnostic & treatment guide SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID BAND FRICTION SYNDROME; PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN; PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY; PLICA SYNDROME; ANSERINE BURSITIS; MANAGEMENT; METAANALYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; CYST C1 [Covey, Carlton J.; Hawks, Matthew K.] Nellis Family Med Residency Program, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Covey, Carlton J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, CJ (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency Program, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd North, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM carlton.covey@us.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 63 IS 12 BP 720 EP 728 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AX4FJ UT WOS:000346888800012 PM 25486314 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Peterson, T Honeycutt, JD AF Crawford, Paul Peterson, Timothy Honeycutt, J. David TI Which risk factors and signs and symptoms are associated with coccidioidomycosis? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA C1 [Crawford, Paul; Peterson, Timothy; Honeycutt, J. David] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 63 IS 12 BP 747 EP 756 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AX4FJ UT WOS:000346888800016 PM 25486316 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Buhrmaster, D Webber, C Anderson, N Stenger-Smith, JD Goodman, PA AF Zarras, Peter Buhrmaster, Diane Webber, Cindy Anderson, Nicole Stenger-Smith, John D. Goodman, Paul A. TI Poly(2,5-bis(N-Methyl-N-Hexylamino)Phenylene Vinylene) (BAM-PPV) as Pretreatment Coating for Aerospace Applications: Laboratory and Field Studies SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene) (BAM-PPV); hexavalent chromium (CrVI); passivation; accelerated weathering tests; field studies ID CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS; CORROSION PROTECTION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; POLYANILINE; MECHANISM; POLYMER; INHIBITION; CHROMIUM; STEEL AB In this study, an electroactive polymer (EAP), poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene) (BAM-PPV) was investigated as a potential alternative surface pretreatment for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-based aerospace coatings. BAM-PPV was tested as a pretreatment coating on an aerospace aluminum alloy (AA2024-T3) substrate in combination with a non-Cr(VI) epoxy primer and a polyurethane Advanced Performance Coating (APC) topcoat. This testing was undertaken to determine BAM-PPV's adhesion, corrosion-inhibition, compatibility and survivability in laboratory testing and during outdoor field-testing. BAM-PPV showed excellent adhesion and acceptable corrosion performance in laboratory testing. The BAM-PPV aerospace coating system (BAM-PPV, non-Cr(VI) epoxy primer and polyurethane APC topcoat) was field tested for one year on the rear hatch door of the United States Air Force C-5 cargo plane. After one year of field testing there was no evidence of delamination or corrosion of the BAM-PPV aerospace coating system. C1 [Zarras, Peter; Webber, Cindy; Anderson, Nicole; Stenger-Smith, John D.; Goodman, Paul A.] NAWCWD, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch Code 4L4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Buhrmaster, Diane] Air Force Res Lab, Logist Syst Support Branch, Coatings Technol Integrat Off, UDRI Contractor Support, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45469 USA. [Buhrmaster, Diane] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonstruct Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), NAWCWD, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch Code 4L4200D, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM peter.zarras@navy.mil; diane.buhrmaster.ctr@us.af.mil; cynthia.webber@navy.mil; nicole.anderson@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; paul.goodman@navy.mil FU Department of Defense (DOD) Environmental Security Technology and Certification Program (ESTCP) FX The financial support of the Department of Defense (DOD) Environmental Security Technology and Certification Program (ESTCP), under the direction of Jeffrey Marqusee and Bruce D. Sartwell, Weapons Systems and Platforms Program Manager is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 8088 EP 8104 DI 10.3390/ma7128088 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AX2TG UT WOS:000346796800029 ER PT J AU Matveev, IB Ombrello, T AF Matveev, Igor B. Ombrello, Timothy TI Introduction to the Special Issue on Plasma-Assisted Technologies December 2014 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Matveev, Igor B.] Appl Plasma Technol LLC, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Matveev, IB (reprint author), Appl Plasma Technol LLC, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 42 IS 12 SI SI BP 3873 EP 3875 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2367866 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AW9KJ UT WOS:000346575700001 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Mccormick, P Higgins, T Rangaswamy, M AF Blunt, Shannon D. Mccormick, Patrick Higgins, Thomas Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Physical emission of spatially-modulated radar SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE MIMO radar; phase coding; modulation; spatially-modulated radar; physical emission; arbitrary polyphase codes; spectrally well-contained waveforms; time-varying beampattern; MIMO radar; fixational eye movement; human eye; visual acuity enhancement; frequency-diverse array; pulsed radar; spatial modulation framework; sidelobe levels; angle domains; delay domains; spectral content; joint delay-angle emission design criteria; cognitive radar ID MIMO RADAR; DESIGN AB Leveraging the recent development of a physical implementation of arbitrary polyphase codes as spectrally well-contained waveforms, the notion of spatial modulation is developed whereby a time-varying beampattern is incorporated into the physical emission of an individual pulse. This subset of the broad category of MIMO radar is inspired by the operation of fixational eye movement within the human eye to enhance visual acuity and also subsumes the notion of the frequency-diverse array for application to pulsed radar. From this spatial modulation framework, some specific emission examples are evaluated in terms of resolution and sidelobe levels for the delay and angle domains. The impact of spatial modulation upon spectral content is also considered and possible joint delay-angle emission design criteria are suggested. Simulation results of selected target arrangements demonstrate the promise of enhanced discrimination and the basis for the development of future cognitive radar capabilities that may mimic salient aspects of the visual cortex. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Mccormick, Patrick] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Higgins, Thomas] US Naval Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, 2335 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Research Laboratory - Radar Division; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Naval Research Laboratory - Radar Division, and the Office of Naval Research base funding program. All views and opinions expressed here are the authors' own and do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1234 EP 1246 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0057 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AW6CG UT WOS:000346356500029 ER PT J AU Garmatyuk, D Jameson, B Cole, R Morton, YT Mudaliar, S AF Garmatyuk, Dmitriy Jameson, Brian Cole, Robert Morton, Yu Tong Mudaliar, Saba TI Target scene frequency diversity exploitation with ultra-wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE object detection; ultra wideband radar; OFDM modulation; target tracking; radar signal processing; maximum likelihood detection; FPM; frequency profile matching; GLRT; generalised-likelihood ratio test; Miami University; short-range radar system; target detection; adaptive selection; radar signal; software defined radar; target scene sensing; frequency-domain approach; ultrawideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar; target scene frequency diversity exploitation ID WAVE-FORM DESIGN; SIGNAL; SYSTEM AB This paper concerns experimental investigation of the frequency-domain approach to target scene sensing using ultra-wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing software-defined radar. Individual spectral components of the radar signal (sub-carriers) are analysed with the aim of performing their adaptive selection and establishing similarity of the observed response to the previously collected responses of various target scenes. By performing this analysis, the authors are effectively utilising frequency diversity of targets for detection purposes. A low-power, short-range radar system built at Miami University is used to apply this approach to target detection with generalised-likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and frequency profile matching (FPM). Experimental results indicate good promise of FPM, which performed equally to, or outperformed GLRT in all scenarios. Results of correct detection and false alarm rates are shown and discussed, along with theoretical descriptions of the detection approaches. C1 [Garmatyuk, Dmitriy; Cole, Robert; Morton, Yu Tong] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Jameson, Brian] Kranze Technology Solut Inc, Prospect Heights, IL 60070 USA. [Mudaliar, Saba] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Morton, Yu Tong] Colorado State Univ, Dept ECE, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Garmatyuk, D (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM garmatd@miamiOH.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) [RY17-MU-11-1, RY9-MU-13-3]; AFOSR FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the grant support received from the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) for this work (under contracts RY17-MU-11-1 and RY9-MU-13-3). Saba Mudaliar thanks AFOSR for support. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AW6CG UT WOS:000346356500030 ER PT J AU Afrooz, ARMN Hussain, SM Saleh, NB AF Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul Hussain, Saber M. Saleh, Navid B. TI Aggregate size and structure determination of nanomaterials in physiological media: importance of dynamic evolution SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Dynamic light scattering; Static light scattering; Network structure; In vitro; Effective dosimetry; Dosage ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BRAIN MICROGLIA; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB Most in vitro nanotoxicological assays are performed after 24 h exposure. However, in determining size and shape effect of nanoparticles in toxicity assays, initial characterization data are generally used to describe experimental outcome. The dynamic size and structure of aggregates are typically ignored in these studies. This brief communication reports dynamic evolution of aggregation characteristics of gold nanoparticles. The study finds that gradual increase in aggregate size of gold nanospheres (AuNS) occurs up to 6 h duration; beyond this time period, the aggregation process deviates from gradual to a more abrupt behavior as large networks are formed. Results of the study also show that aggregated clusters possess unique structural conformation depending on nominal diameter of the nanoparticles. The differences in fractal dimensions of the AuNS samples likely occurred due to geometric differences, causing larger packing propensities for smaller sized particles. Both such observations can have profound influence on dosimetry for in vitro nanotoxicity analyses. C1 [Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul; Saleh, Navid B.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saleh, NB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM navid.saleh@utexas.edu OI Afrooz, ARM/0000-0002-9141-9426 FU US Air Force Research Lab [FA 8650-10-2-6062] FX This work was funded by the US Air Force Research Lab (Award# FA 8650-10-2-6062). We are grateful to Dr. Haijun Qian of Clemson Microscopy Center for his kind assistance in TEM imaging. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 16 IS 12 AR 2771 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2771-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX1GY UT WOS:000346697000034 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Martell, MS Bierregaard, RO Henny, CJ Dorr, BS Olexa, TJ AF Washburn, Brian E. Martell, Mark S. Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr. Henny, Charles J. Dorr, Brian S. Olexa, Thomas J. TI WINTERING ECOLOGY OF ADULT NORTH AMERICAN OSPREYS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; habitat use; home range; migration; wintering ecology ID SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HOME-RANGE; AUTUMN MIGRATION; AQUILA-POMARINA; ACCURACY; TRACKING; ROUTES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PREY AB North American Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) typically migrate long distances to their wintering grounds in the tropics. Beyond the general distribution of their wintering range (i.e., the Caribbean, South America, and Central America), very little is known about the wintering ecology of these birds. We used satellite telemetry to determine the duration of wintering period, to examine the characteristics of wintering areas used by Ospreys, and to quantify space use and activity patterns of wintering Ospreys. Adult Ospreys migrated to wintering sites and exhibited high wintering site fidelity among years. Overall, Ospreys wintered on river systems (50.6%) more than on lakes (19.0%), and use of coastal areas was (30.4%) intermediate. Ospreys remained on their wintering grounds for an average of 154 d for males and 167 d for females. Locations of wintering Ospreys obtained via GPS-capable satellite telemetry suggest these birds move infrequently and their movements are very localized (i.e. <5 km from selected roosting areas). Sizes of home ranges and core-use areas for wintering Ospreys averaged 12.7 km(2) and 1.4 km(2), respectively. Overall, our findings suggest wintering adult North American Ospreys are very sedentary, demonstrating a pattern of limited daily movements and high fidelity to a few select locations (presumably roosts). We suggest this wintering strategy might be effective for reducing the risk of mortality and maximizing energy conservation. C1 [Washburn, Brian E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Martell, Mark S.] Audubon Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55125 USA. [Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Olexa, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU Audubon Massachusetts; Canon U.S.A.; Douglas Dayton; Wallace Dayton; Dellwood Foundation; Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club; New Jersey PSEG; Minnesota Legislature (LCMR); International Foods and Fragrances; Larsen Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program; U.S. government FX Financial and logistical support for this research effort was provided by Audubon Massachusetts, Canon U.S.A., Douglas Dayton, Wallace Dayton, Dellwood Foundation, Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club, New Jersey PSE&G, Minnesota Legislature (LCMR), International Foods and Fragrances, the Larsen Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program, and several private sponsors. We greatly appreciate the assistance provided by M. Solensky, P. Nye, K. Clark, M. Scheibel, B. Lane, A. Wiegand, C. Loftis, and the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. A. Poole, K. Steenhof, and M. Kochert provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Capture, handling, and telemetry equipment attachment procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committees at the University of Minnesota and the U.S.D.A. Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (QA-1361). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW6XE UT WOS:000346408100003 ER PT J AU Wie, JJ Wang, DH Tondiglia, VP Tabiryan, NV Vergara-Toloza, RO Tan, LS White, TJ AF Wie, Jeong Jae Wang, David H. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Vergara-Toloza, Rafael O. Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. TI Photopiezoelectric Composites of Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides and Polyvinylidene Fluoride SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE azobenzene; energy harvesting; piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride; polyimide ID PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; LIGHT; BACKBONE; SYSTEM AB Light is a readily available and sustainable energy source. Transduction of light into mechanical work or electricity in functional materials, composites, or systems has other potential advantages derived from the ability to remotely, spatially, and temporally control triggering by light. Toward this end, this work examines photoinduced piezoelectric (photopiezoelectric) effects in laminate composites prepared from photoresponsive polymeric materials and the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In the geometry studied here, photo piezoelectric conversion is shown to strongly depend on the photomechanical properties inherent to the azobenzene-functionalized polyimides. Based on prior examinations of photo mechanical effects in azobenzene-functionalized polyimides, this investigation focuses on amorphous materials and systematically varies the concentration of azobenzene in the copolymers. The baseline photomechanical response of the set of polyimides is characterized in cantilever deflection experiments. To improve the photomechanical response of the materials and enhance the electrical conversion, the polyimides are drawn to increase the magnitude of the deflection as well as photogenerated stress. In laminate composites, the photomechanical response of the materials in sequenced light exposure is shown to transduce light energy into electrical energy. The frequency of the photopiezoelectric response of the composite can match the frequency of the sequenced light exposing the films. C1 [Wie, Jeong Jae; Wang, David H.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wie, Jeong Jae] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Leidos Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.; Vergara-Toloza, Rafael O.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Wang, David/F-7492-2013 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are grateful to Marlene Houtz (University of Dayton Research Institute) for TGA and DMA data. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 EI 1521-3927 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 24 BP 2050 EP 2056 DI 10.1002/marc.201400455 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AW4QW UT WOS:000346266700001 PM 25339451 ER PT J AU Dedic, CE Miller, JD Meyer, TR AF Dedic, Chloe E. Miller, Joseph D. Meyer, Terrence R. TI Dual-pump vibrational/rotational femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature and species measurements SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; ROTATIONAL CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLOWS AB A method for simultaneous ro-vibrational and pure-rotational hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps CARS) is presented for multi-species detection and improved temperature sensitivity from room temperature to flame conditions. N-2/CH4 vibrational and N-2/O-2/H-2 rotational Raman coherences are excited simultaneously using fs pump pulses at 660 and 798 nm, respectively, and a common fs Stokes pulse at 798 nm. A fourth narrowband 798 nm ps pulse probes all coherence states at a time delay that minimizes nonresonant background and the effects of collisions. The transition strength is concentration dependent, while the distribution among observed transitions is related to temperature through the Boltzmann distribution. The broadband excitation pulses and multiplexed signal are demonstrated for accurate thermometry from 298 to 2400 K and concentration measurements of four key combustion species. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Dedic, Chloe E.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CBET-1056006]; National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program FX Funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager) and the National Science Foundation (CBET-1056006, Dr. A. Atreya and R.-H. Chen, Program Directors). C. Dedic was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 23 BP 6608 EP 6611 DI 10.1364/OL.39.006608 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AW0EQ UT WOS:000345963800015 PM 25490633 ER PT J AU Paul, R Zemlyanov, D Voevodin, AA Roy, AK Fisher, TS AF Paul, R. Zemlyanov, D. Voevodin, A. A. Roy, A. K. Fisher, T. S. TI Methanol wetting enthalpy on few-layer graphene decorated hierarchical carbon foam for cooling applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Few layer graphene petal; Carbon foam; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Specific surface area; Wetting enthalpy ID ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; ACTIVATED CARBON; NITROGEN FOAM; HEAT; COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; DOMAINS; SURFACE; DESIGN AB Vertical few-layer thick graphene petals are grown on macro-porous carbon foam surfaces having an intrinsic open porosity of 75%. This provides a hierarchical porous structure with a potential for surface adsorption/ desorption or wetting/dewetting based thermal energy storage applications. Carbon foams have a combined advantage of large surface area and high thermal conductivity critical for thermal energy storage, but they are prone to oxidation and exhibit low adsorption enthalpies for lightweight hydrocarbons. Here we report graphene petal decoration of carbon foam surfaces and subsequent chemical modification through boron nitride incorporation in hexagonal carbon planes of both carbon foams and graphene petals. This chemically reactive hierarchical structure is characterized with FESEM, Raman, XRD, and XPS measurements. Methanol wetting enthalpy of this three-dimensional hierarchical material was measured with a solution calorimeter, and had shown a six fold increase (from 78 to 522 J/g of foam) as compared to the carbon foam prior to the surface modification. Influences of petal decoration on the surface morphology of carbon foam, BN chemical modification, structure and stoichiometry of the hierarchical material surface, and methanol wetting enthalpy improvement are discussed in detail. The applicability of this hierarchical porous material for thermal energy applications is established. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paul, R.; Zemlyanov, D.; Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnolgy Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.; Roy, A. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnolgy Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM paul24@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program FX The authors are thankful to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison), for financial support in this work. The authors are also grateful to Jeff Engerer, Roger Luo and the staff of the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University for their discussion and support. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 572 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.08.020 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AW1NM UT WOS:000346056100028 ER PT J AU Glavin, NR Jespersen, ML Check, MH Hu, J Hilton, AM Fisher, TS Voevodin, AA AF Glavin, Nicholas R. Jespersen, Michael L. Check, Michael H. Hu, Jianjun Hilton, Al M. Fisher, Timothy S. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Synthesis of few-layer, large area hexagonal-boron nitride by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Hexagonal-boron nitride; Nanoelectronics; Two dimensional materials ID GRAPHENE ELECTRONICS; THIN-FILMS; NANOSHEETS; GROWTH; ABLATION; GRAPHITE; DEVICES; PLASMA; MOS2 AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been investigated as a technique for synthesis of ultra-thin, few-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thin films on crystalline highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and sapphire (0001) substrates. The plasma-based processing technique allows for increased excitations of deposited atoms due to background nitrogen gas collisional ionizations and extended resonance time of the energetic species presence at the condensation surface. These processes permit growth of thin, polycrystalline h-BN at 700 degrees C, a much lower temperature than that required by traditional growth methods. Analysis of the as-deposited films reveals epitaxial-like growth on the nearly lattice matched HOPG substrate, resulting in a polycrystalline h-BN film, and amorphous BN (a-BN) on the sapphire substrates, both with thicknesses of 1.5-2 nm. Stoichiometric films with boron-to-nitrogen ratios of unity were achieved by adjusting the background pressurewithin the deposition chamber and distance between the target and substrate. The reduction in deposition temperature and formation of stoichiometric, large-area h-BN films by PLD provide a process that is easily scaled-up for twodimensional dielectric material synthesis and also present a possibility to produce very thin and uniform a-BN. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Jespersen, Michael L.; Check, Michael H.; Hu, Jianjun; Hilton, Al M.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Nanoelect Mat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.; Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hilton, Al M.] Wyle Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glavin, NR (reprint author), 3005 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 572 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.07.059 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AW1NM UT WOS:000346056100038 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Cummings, Russell M. TI Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling of Aircraft Control Surfaces by Indicial Response Methods SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIRFOIL; FLOW AB This study is part of a larger effort to create reduced-order models for aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a maneuvering aircraft with moving control surfaces. The aircraft used in this study was inspired by the T-38 jet trainer and includes elevators, rudder, ailerons, and trailing-edge flaps on the wing for landing and takeoff. A hybrid unstructured overset mesh was generated to move these control surfaces and simulate the unsteady flowfields around the aircraft. The static results are first compared to experimental data available at different flap deflection angles, with good agreement obtained at low to moderate angles of attack and deflection angles. Unsteady airloads predictions were then made using the indicial response methods and response functions due to step changes in control surface deflection angles. A time-dependent surrogate model was also used to approximate the response function variation with changes in the angle of attack. The model outputs were then compared with time-accurate simulations of arbitrary control surface motions within the range of data used for model generation. Very good agreement was found between models and computational-fluid-dynamics data for low and high motion rates at low to moderate deflection angles. The results demonstrated that unsteady effects significantly change the amplitude and phase lags of predicted airloads compared with static (or steady-state) predictions. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) [FA70001320018]; High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi is supported by the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) under contract FA70001320018; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Computational grids were generated by Adam Jirasek. Acknowledgments are expressed to the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, Engineering Research Development Center, and U.S. Air Force Research Labs for providing computer time. The authors appreciate the support provided by the High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA. Special thanks are also due to David Findlay and Brad Green of Naval Air Systems Command for their helpful comments. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2683 EP 2700 DI 10.2514/1.J052946 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AU8NG UT WOS:000345852500005 ER PT J AU Fagley, C Porter, C McLaughlin, T AF Fagley, Casey Porter, Chris McLaughlin, Thomas TI Experimental Closed-Loop Flow Control of a von Karman Ogive at High Incidence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYLINDER WAKE; FOREBODY; ASYMMETRY; VORTICES AB The asymmetric vortex regime of a von Karman ogive with a fineness ratio of 3.5 is experimentally studied at a Reynolds number of 156,000. The wake of an axisymmetric bluff body is an ideal candidate for active feedback flow control because minute fluidic disturbances and geometry perturbations near the tip of the ogive get amplified through the flow's convective instability. The resulting disturbance interacts with the quasi-steady vortex location and produces a deterministic port or starboard asymmetric vortex state (i.e., side force). Accurate control or manipulation of this asymmetric vortex state holds the potential for increased maneuverability and stability characteristics of slender flight vehicles. For implementation of an active feedback flow-control system, plasma actuators at the tip of the ogive are used as the flow effector, and surface-mounted pressure sensors are used to estimate the vortex configuration in real time. A linear time invariant model developed from open-loop experimental tests and a proportional-integral control law are used to close the loop in the experimental setting. Closed-loop experimentation shows the ability to arbitrarily track a side force set point while also suppressing low-frequency fluctuations. Thus, the adopted model-based feedback flow-control approach is validated experimentally for a complex, three-dimensional flow. C1 S Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fagley, Casey; Porter, Chris] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlin, Thomas] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fagley, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM casey.fagley.ctr@usafa.edu FU National Research Council; Agency of Defense Development of the Republic of Korea; U.S. Air Force Academy [FA7000-13-2-0002] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Research Council as well as the Agency of Defense Development of the Republic of Korea. Also, the authors would like to specifically thank Jurgen Seidel and John Farnsworth for their collaborative efforts on this topic, including computational and experimental expertise. This material is based on research sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Academy under agreement number FA7000-13-2-0002. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Academy or the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2891 EP 2898 DI 10.2514/1.J053012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AU8NG UT WOS:000345852500021 ER PT J AU Powell, CL Goltz, MN Agrawal, A AF Powell, C. L. Goltz, M. N. Agrawal, A. TI Degradation kinetics of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by methane oxidizers naturally-associated with wetland plant roots SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichloroethene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Methane oxidizers; Cometabolism; Biodegradation; Wetland ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; METHANOTROPHIC MIXED CULTURE; CIS-DICHLOROETHENE; BIOFILM REACTOR; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BIODEGRADATION; MONOOXYGENASE; BACTERIA; COMETABOLISM; OXIDATION AB Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are common groundwater contaminants that can be removed from the environment by natural attenuation processes. CAH biodegradation can occur in wetland environments by reductive dechlorination as well as oxidation pathways. In particular, CAH oxidation may occur in vegetated wetlands, by microorganisms that are naturally associated with the roots of wetland plants. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cometabolic degradation kinetics of the CAHs, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1TCA), by methane-oxidizing bacteria associated with the roots of a typical wetland plant in soil-free system. Laboratory microcosms with washed live roots investigated aerobic, cometabolic degradation of CAHs by the root-associated methane-oxidizing bacteria at initial aqueous [CH4] similar to 1.9 mg L-1, and initial aqueous [CAH] -150 mu g L-1; cisDCE and TCE (in the presence of 1,1,1TCA) degraded significantly, with a removal efficiency of approximately 90% and 46%, respectively. 1,1,1TCA degradation was not observed in the presence of active methane oxidizers. The pseudo first-order degradation rate-constants of TCE and cisDCE were 0.12 +/- 0.01 and 0.59 +/- 0.07 d(-1), respectively, which are comparable to published values. However, their biomass-normalized degradation rate constants obtained in this study were significantly smaller than pure-culture studies, yet they were comparable to values reported for biofilm systems. The study suggests that CAH removal in wetland plant roots may be comparable to processes within biofilms. This has led us to speculate that the active biomass may be on the root surface as a biofilm. The cisDCE and TCE mass losses due to methane oxidizers in this study offer insight into the role of shallow, vegetated wetlands as an environmental sink for such xenobiotic compounds. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, C. L.; Agrawal, A.] Wright State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Goltz, M. N.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Agrawal, A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM abinash.agrawal@wright.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [MA-91684601-0]; Air Force Institute of Technology; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [FA8601-07-P-0370, FA860108-P-0358, FA8601-09-P-0415] FX The research described in this article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (MA-91684601-0) through Greater Research Opportunities (GRO) fellowship to C.L. Powell during 2007-10. EPA has not officially endorsed this article and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. This research is part of a larger study to characterize chlorinated ethene biodegradation in an experimental wetland, and it has been supported by a continuing annual grant from Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (FA8601-07-P-0370, FA860108-P-0358 and FA8601-09-P-0415), through M.L. Shelley. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government We thank J.P. Amon for advice and help with wetland plants and SJ. Tritchler for support with data collection. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 170 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AU6PQ UT WOS:000345725000006 PM 25444117 ER PT J AU Park, MS Bhattarai, K Kim, DK Kang, SW Kim, JO Zhou, JF Jang, WY Noyola, M Urbas, A Ku, Z Lee, SJ AF Park, Myung-Soo Bhattarai, Khagendra Kim, Deok-Kee Kang, Sang-Woo Kim, Jun Oh Zhou, Jiangfeng Jang, Woo-Yong Noyola, Michael Urbas, Augustine Ku, Zahyun Lee, Sang Jun TI Enhanced transmission due to antireflection coating layer at surface plasmon resonance wavelengths SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; SILICON-NITRIDE; DETECTORS; DESIGN; FILMS; LIGHT AB We present experiments and analysis on enhanced transmission due to dielectric layer deposited on a metal film perforated with two-dimensional periodic array of subwavelength holes. The Si3N4 overlayer is applied on the perforated gold film (PGF) fabricated on GaAs substrate in order to boost the transmission of light at the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance wavelengths in the mid- and long-wave IR regions, which is used as the antireflection (AR) coating layer between two dissimilar media (air and PGF/GaAs). It is experimentally shown that the transmission through the perforated gold film with 1.8 mu m (2.0 mu m) pitch at the first-order (second-order) SPP resonance wavelengths can be increased up to 83% (110%) by using a 750 nm (550 nm) thick Si3N4 layer. The SPP resonance leads to a dispersive resonant effective permeability (mu(eff) not equal 1) and thereby the refractive index matching condition for the conventional AR coating on the surface of a dielectric material cannot be applied to the resonant PGF structure. We develop and demonstrate the concept of AR condition based on the effective parameters of PGF. In addition, the maximum transmission (zero reflection) condition is analyzed numerically by using a three-layer model and a transfer matrix method is employed to determine the total reflection and transmission. The numerically calculated total reflection agrees very well with the reflection obtained by 3D full electromagnetic simulations of the entire structure. Destructive interference conditions for amplitude and phase to get zero reflection are well satisfied. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Park, Myung-Soo; Kang, Sang-Woo; Kim, Jun Oh; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Ind Metrol, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Park, Myung-Soo; Kim, Deok-Kee] Sejong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Bhattarai, Khagendra; Zhou, Jiangfeng] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Jang, Woo-Yong; Noyola, Michael; Urbas, Augustine; Ku, Zahyun] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ku, Z (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Zahyun.Ku@gmail.comor RI Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 FU KRISS grant [GP2014-0028]; Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) - Korea government (MOTIE) [100446953]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Research Council (NRC) Associateship Award [FA9550-12-D-0001] FX The KRISS portion of this work was supported by the KRISS grant GP2014-0028 and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant 100446953 funded by the Korea government (MOTIE). The USF portion of this work was partially supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The work of W.-Y. Jang was supported by the National Research Council (NRC) Associateship Award under contract FA9550-12-D-0001. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 52 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 24 BP 30161 EP 30169 DI 10.1364/OE.22.030161 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AU7HD UT WOS:000345770500084 PM 25606946 ER PT J AU Jiang, C Carter, C AF Jiang, C. Carter, C. TI Absolute atomic oxygen density measurements for nanosecond-pulsed atmospheric-pressure plasma jets using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma jet; two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence; nanosecond-pulsed plasma sources ID RARE-GASES; MOLECULES AB Nanosecond-pulsed plasma jets that are generated under ambient air conditions and free from confinement of electrodes have become of great interest in recent years due to their promising applications in medicine and dentistry. Reactive oxygen species that are generated by nanosecond-pulsed, room-temperature non-equilibrium He-O-2 plasma jets among others are believed to play an important role during the bactericidal or sterilization processes. We report here absolute measurements of atomic oxygen density in a 1 mm-diameter He/(1%) O-2 plasma jet at atmospheric pressure using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Oxygen number density on the order of 10(13) cm(-3) was obtained in a 150 ns, 6 kV single-pulsed plasma jet for an axial distance up to 5 mm above the device nozzle. Temporally resolved O density measurements showed that there are two maxima, separated in time by 60-70 mu s, and a total pulse duration of 260-300 mu s. Electrostatic modeling indicated that there are high-electric-field regions near the nozzle exit that may be responsible for the observed temporal behavior of the O production. Both the field-distribution-based estimation of the time interval for the O number density profile and a pulse-energy-dependence study confirmed that electric-field-dependent, direct and indirect electron-induced processes play important roles for O production. C1 [Jiang, C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Jiang, C.] Univ So Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Carter, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jiang, C (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM cjiang@odu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0190] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award No FA9550-11-1-0190. The authors thank Professor Martin A Gundersen for the support of the nanosecond high-voltage pulse generator. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 AR 065006 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/23/6/065006 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AU7LE UT WOS:000345781300026 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JB Jiang, N Ganguly, BN AF Schmidt, J. B. Jiang, N. Ganguly, B. N. TI Nitric oxide PLIF measurement in a point-to-plane pulsed discharge in vitiated air of a propane/air flame SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optical plasma diagnostics; Glow discharges; Plasma reactions ID ELECTRONIC QUENCHING RATES; PREMIXED FLAME; PLASMA; STABILIZATION; COMBUSTION; JET; IGNITION; VOLTAGE AB The effect of a point-to-plane pulsed discharge on the vitiated downstream of a propane/air flame has been investigated by phase-locked NO planar laser-induced-fluorescence (PLIF) measurements. Phase-locked NO PLIF measurements with the variation of pulsed plasma energy, equivalence ratio and applied voltage rise time have been performed. Fast rise time (25 ns) and slower rise time (150 ns) high-voltage pulsers are used to produce NO radical densities greater than the ambient flame-produced NO radicals in lean, balanced and rich premixed flames. The pulsed plasma produced excess NO radical densities were found to decay to 50% level with time constants greater than 250 mu s in the burnt gas regions with gas temperatures greater than 1000 K. The super-equilibrium NO populations were dependent on energy deposited and overall equivalence ratio, but independent of voltage pulse rise time for similar energy deposition per pulse. Due to long NO radical density decay lifetimes, super-equilibrium NO populations are convected away from production regions with the ambient flow and observed in downstream exhaust gas regions. C1 [Schmidt, J. B.; Jiang, N.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguly, B. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, JB (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM JSchmidt@SpectralEnergies.com OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Jason Marshall, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 AR 065005 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/23/6/065005 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AU7LE UT WOS:000345781300025 ER PT J AU Dickens, JF Owens, BD Cameron, KL Kilcoyne, K Allred, CD Svoboda, SJ Sullivan, R Tokish, JM Peck, KY Rue, JP AF Dickens, Jonathan F. Owens, Brett D. Cameron, Kenneth L. Kilcoyne, Kelly Allred, C. Dain Svoboda, Steven J. Sullivan, Robert Tokish, John M. Peck, Karen Y. Rue, John-Paul TI Return to Play and Recurrent Instability After In-Season Anterior Shoulder Instability A Prospective Multicenter Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glenohumeral; anterior instability; in season; return ID ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR; FOLLOW-UP; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; INDEX WOSI; DISLOCATION; MANAGEMENT; STABILIZATION; 1ST-TIME; LESIONS; YOUNG AB Background: There is no consensus on the optimal treatment of in-season athletes with anterior shoulder instability, and limited data are available to guide return to play. Purpose: To examine the likelihood of return to sport and the recurrence of instability after an in-season anterior shoulder instability event based on the type of instability (subluxation vs dislocation). Additionally, injury factors and patient-reported outcome scores administered at the time of injury were evaluated to assess the predictability of eventual successful return to sport and time to return to sport during the competitive season. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over 2 academic years, 45 contact intercollegiate athletes were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter observational study to assess return to play after in-season anterior glenohumeral instability. Baseline data collection included shoulder injury characteristics and shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome scores at the time of injury. All athletes underwent an accelerated rehabilitation program without shoulder immobilization and were followed during their competitive season to assess the success of return to play and recurrent instability. Results: Thirty-three of 45 (73%) athletes returned to sport for either all or part of the season after a median 5 days lost from competition (interquartile range, 13). Twelve athletes (27%) successfully completed the season without recurrence. Twenty-one athletes (64%) returned to in-season play and had subsequent recurrent instability including 11 recurrent dislocations and 10 recurrent subluxations. Of the 33 athletes returning to in-season sport after an instability event, 67% (22/33) completed the season. Athletes with a subluxation were 5.3 times more likely (odds ratio [OR], 5.32; 95% CI, 1.00-28.07; P = .049) to return to sport during the same season when compared with those with dislocations. Logistic regression analysis suggests that the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P = .037) and Simple Shoulder Test (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P = .044) administered after the initial instability event are predictive of the ability to return to play. Time loss from sport after a shoulder instability event was most strongly and inversely correlated with the Simple Shoulder Test (P = .007) at the time of initial injury. Conclusion: In the largest prospective study evaluating shoulder instability in in-season contact athletes, 27% of athletes returned to play and completed the season without subsequent instability. While the majority of athletes who return to sport complete the season, recurrent instability events are common regardless of whether the initial injury was a subluxation or dislocation. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dickens, JF (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, 3328 East Continental Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM jon.f.dickens@gmail.com OI Cameron, Kenneth/0000-0002-6276-4482 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2842 EP 2850 DI 10.1177/0363546514553181 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA AU4SA UT WOS:000345600600007 PM 25378207 ER PT J AU Coop, CA AF Coop, Christopher A. TI Immunotherapy for Mold Allergy SO CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Mold; Allergy; Asthma; Immunotherapy ID SKIN-TEST RESPONSES; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; CLADOSPORIUM-HERBARUM; RUSH IMMUNOTHERAPY; EXTRACT STABILITY; CLINICAL EFFICACY; FUNGAL SINUSITIS; INDUCED ASTHMA; DOUBLE-BLIND; DIAGNOSIS AB The objective of this article is to review the available studies regarding mold immunotherapy. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed articles related to mold immunotherapy using the following keywords: mold, allergy, asthma, and immunotherapy. In addition, references cited within these articles were also reviewed. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic. Allergic responses to inhaled mold antigens are a recognized factor in allergic rhinitis and asthma. There are significant problems with respect to the production of relevant allergen material for the diagnosis and treatment of mold allergy with immunotherapy. Mold allergens contain proteases and should not be mixed with other allergens for immunotherapy. Most of the immunotherapy studies focus on two molds, Alternaria and Cladosporium. There is a lack of randomized placebo-controlled trials when evaluating the efficacy of mold immunotherapy with trials only focusing on immunotherapy to Alternaria and Cladosporium. Additional studies are needed regarding mold allergy and immunotherapy focusing on which molds are important for causing allergic disease. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Med Grp 59, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Coop, CA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Med Grp 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.coop@us.af.mil NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1080-0549 EI 1559-0267 J9 CLIN REV ALLERG IMMU JI Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s12016-013-8389-4 PG 10 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA AU1RZ UT WOS:000345399200004 PM 24057512 ER PT J AU Antonaglia, J Xie, X Tang, Z Tsai, CW Qiao, JW Zhang, Y Laktionova, MO Tabachnikova, ED Carroll, R Yeh, JW Senkov, ON Gao, MC Uhl, JT Liaw, PK Dahmen, KA AF Antonaglia, J. Xie, X. Tang, Z. Tsai, C. -W. Qiao, J. W. Zhang, Y. Laktionova, M. O. Tabachnikova, E. D. Carroll, R. Yeh, J. W. Senkov, O. N. Gao, M. C. Uhl, J. T. Liaw, P. K. Dahmen, K. A. TI Temperature Effects on Deformation and Serration Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) (vol 66, pg 2002, 2014) SO JOM LA English DT Correction C1 [Antonaglia, J.; Carroll, R.; Dahmen, K. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xie, X.; Tang, Z.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tsai, C. -W.; Yeh, J. W.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Qiao, J. W.] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Laktionova, M. O.; Tabachnikova, E. D.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, BI Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Senkov, O. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gao, M. C.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Gao, M. C.] USR Corp, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Antonaglia, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dahmen@illinois.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2014 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2593 EP 2593 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-1190-x PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AU1RF UT WOS:000345397200028 ER PT J AU Franco, DM Ali, Z Levine, B Middleberg, RA Fowler, DR AF Franco, Dori M. Ali, Zabiullah Levine, Barry Middleberg, Robert A. Fowler, David R. TI Case Report of a Fatal Intoxication by Nucynta SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tapentadol; Nucynta; overdose; postmortem ID DOUBLE-BLIND; TAPENTADOL; EFFICACY; TRAMADOL; DRUGS; HCL AB Tapentadol (Nucynta) is a centrally acting opioid analgesic prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. Its efficacy is believed to be due to K-opioid receptor agonist activity and inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake resulting in increased norepinephrine concentrations. There is only one other case in the literature relating to the toxicity of this agent or report of a fatality. This case report documents a case in which tapentadol was identified as the cause of death. The tapentadol concentration found in the heart blood submitted in this case was more than 20 times the upper limit of the therapeutic range. Possible mechanisms of death include respiratory depression, central nervous system depression, and serotonin syndrome. Based on the scene investigation and autopsy findings in this case, the medical examiner determined that the cause of death was narcotic (Nucynta) intoxication and the manner of death was undetermined. C1 [Franco, Dori M.] Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD USA. [Ali, Zabiullah; Levine, Barry; Fowler, David R.] State Maryland, Off Chief Med Examiner, Baltimore, MD USA. [Middleberg, Robert A.] NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA USA. RP Franco, DM (reprint author), Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover Afb, DE 19902 USA. EM dori.m.franco.mil@mail.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 EI 1533-404X J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 4 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3182887804 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA AU0FW UT WOS:000345299900003 PM 25384306 ER PT J AU Kirk, MS Balasubramaniam, KS Jackiewicz, J McAteer, RTJ AF Kirk, Michael S. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Jackiewicz, Jason McAteer, R. T. James TI QUALITIES OF SEQUENTIAL CHROMOSPHERIC BRIGHTENINGS OBSERVED IN H alpha AND UV IMAGES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares ID SOLAR-FLARES; ENERGY-RELEASE; EVAPORATION AB Chromospheric flare ribbons observed in H alpha appear well-organized when first examined: ribbons impulsively brighten, morphologically evolve, and exponentially decay back to pre-flare levels. Upon closer inspection of the H alpha flares, there is often a significant number of compact areas brightening in concert with the flare eruption but are spatially separated from the evolving flare ribbon. One class of these brightenings is known as sequential chromospheric brightenings (SCBs). SCBs are often observed in the immediate vicinity of erupting flares and are associated with coronal mass ejections. In the past decade there have been several previous investigations of SCBs. These studies have exclusively relied upon H alpha images to discover and analyze these ephemeral brightenings. This work employs the automated detection algorithm of Kirk et al. to extract the physical qualities of SCBs in observations of ground-based H alpha images and complementary Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images in He II, C IV, and 1700 angstrom. The metadata produced in this tracking process are then culled using complementary Doppler velocities to isolate three distinguishable types of SCBs. From a statistical analysis, we find that the SCBs at the chromospheric H alpha layer appear earlier and last longer than their corresponding signatures measured in AIA. From this multi-layer analysis, we infer that SCBs are spatially constrained to the mid-chromosphere. We also derive an energy budget to explain SCBs which have a postulated energy of not more than 0.01% of the total flare energy. C1 [Kirk, Michael S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kirk, Michael S.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.; Jackiewicz, Jason; McAteer, R. T. James] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Kirk, MS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 670, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.s.kirk@nasa.gov FU NASA FX The authors acknowledge: (1) USAF/AFRL Space Scholar Program, (2) NSO/AURA for the use of their sunspot, NM facilities, (3) AFRL/RVBXS, and (4) NMSU. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 796 IS 2 AR 78 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/78 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT4AI UT WOS:000344878900007 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Cerna, CZ Lim, TY Seaman, RL AF Jauchem, James R. Cerna, Cesario Z. Lim, Tiffany Y. Seaman, Ronald L. TI Exposures of Sus scrofa to a TASER(A (R)) conducted electrical weapon: no effects on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of plasma proteins SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TASER; Conducted electrical weapon; Conducted energy weapon; Electronic control device; Electro-muscular disruption; Muscle contraction; Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; Plasma proteins ID ENERGY WEAPON; FIBRINOGEN; EXERCISE; PROTEOMICS; DISCOVERY AB In an earlier study, we found significant changes in red-blood-cell, leukocyte, and platelet counts, and in red-blood-cell membrane proteins, following exposures of anesthetized pigs to a conducted electrical weapon. In the current study, we examined potential changes in plasma proteins [analyzed via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE)] following two 30 s exposures of anesthetized pigs (Sus scrofa) to a TASER (A (R)) C2 conducted electrical weapon. Patterns of proteins, separated by 2-DGE, were consistent and reproducible between animals and between times of sampling. We determined that the blood plasma collection, handling, storage, and processing techniques we used are suitable for swine blood. There were no statistically significant changes in plasma proteins following the conducted-electrical-weapon exposures. Overall gel patterns of fibrinogen were similar to results of other studies of both pigs and humans (in control settings, not exposed to conducted electrical weapons). The lack of significant changes in plasma proteins may be added to the body of evidence regarding relative safety of TASER C2 device exposures. C1 [Jauchem, James R.; Lim, Tiffany Y.] US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cerna, Cesario Z.; Seaman, Ronald L.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, 711 HPW RHDR,4141 Petr Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jjauchem@satx.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing FX This project was supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing. Authors' contributions are as follows. JRJ: Designed and directed the overall research plan, and wrote the major portions of the paper. CZC and TYL: Prepared plasma samples and performed 2-D-PAGE. RLS: Supervised research and performed statistical analyses of the data. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X EI 1556-2891 J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s12024-014-9606-z PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA AT3ZH UT WOS:000344874800008 PM 25319243 ER PT J AU Dillard, MB Warm, JS Funke, GJ Funke, ME Finomore, VS Matthews, G Shaw, TH Parasuraman, R AF Dillard, Michael B. Warm, Joel S. Funke, Gregory J. Funke, Matthew E. Finomore, Victor S., Jr. Matthews, Gerald Shaw, Tyler H. Parasuraman, Raja TI The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) Does Not Promote Mindlessness During Vigilance Performance SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE vigilance; SART; mental workload; mindlessness model; resource model; MRQ; oculometrics; gaze control; positive predictive power; negative predictive power ID MEMORY LOAD; FAILURES; MIND; MRQ; NO AB Objective In this study, we evaluated the validity of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) as a means for promoting mindlessness in vigilance performance. Background Vigilance tasks typically require observers to respond to critical signals and to withhold responding to neutral events. The SART features the opposite response requirements, which supposedly leads it to promote a mindless, nonthoughtful approach to the vigilance task. To test that notion, we compared the SART to the traditional vigilance format (TVF) in terms of diagnostic accuracy assessed through decision theory measures of positive and negative predictive power (PPP and NPP), perceived mental workload indexed by the Multiple Resource Questionnaire, and oculomotor activity reflected in the Nearest Neighbor Index and fixation dwell times. Method Observers in TVF and SART conditions monitored a video display for collision flight paths in a simulated air traffic control task. Results Diagnostic accuracy in terms of NPP was high in both format conditions. While PPP was poorer in the SART than in the TVF, that result could be accounted for by a loss of motor control rather than a lack of mindfulness. Identical high levels of workload were generated by the TVF and SART tasks, and observers in both conditions showed similar dynamic scanning of the visual scene. Conclusion The data indicate that the SART is not an engine of mindlessness. Application The results challenge the widespread use of the SART to support a model in which mindlessness is considered to be the principal root of detection failures in vigilance. C1 [Dillard, Michael B.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Warm, Joel S.; Funke, Gregory J.; Finomore, Victor S., Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Funke, Matthew E.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Shaw, Tyler H.; Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Funke, GJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Funke.1@us.af.mil NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD DEC PY 2014 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1364 EP 1379 DI 10.1177/0018720814537521 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AT9FC UT WOS:000345232300003 PM 25509819 ER PT J AU Naito, C Beacraft, M Hoemann, J Shull, J Salim, H Bewick, B AF Naito, Clay Beacraft, Mark Hoemann, John Shull, Jonathan Salim, Hani Bewick, Bryan TI Blast Performance of Single-Span Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Blasting; Sandwich panels; Prestressed concrete; Composite beams; Dynamic tests; Sandwich panels; Prestressed concrete; Composite beams; Dynamic tests; Shock and vibratory effects AB A research program was conducted to assess the capability of conventional non-load-bearing insulated precast concrete exterior wall panels to withstand blast loadings. Typical construction details from the tilt-up and prestressed concrete industries were examined. The sensitivity of insulation type, reinforcement, foam thickness, and shear tie type on the flexural resistance was assessed. Forty-two single-span static experiments were conducted on 14 different panel designs. From the results of these experiments, resistance functions and deformation limits for insulated concrete sandwich panels were determined. The resistance functions were used to develop predictive dynamic models for panels subjected to blast demands. The models were found to be accurate in comparison to measurements from four full-scale blast detonations. The findings of the research indicate that both prestressed and non-prestressed insulated concrete wall panels meet current rotational limits defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for protective structures. Simplified methods for modeling the pressure-deformation characteristics of insulated panels can be used to approximate the peak dynamic deformation and reaction loads. C1 [Naito, Clay; Beacraft, Mark] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ATLSS Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Hoemann, John] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hoemann, John] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Hoemann, John] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Shull, Jonathan] Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Fed Serv Div, Webb City, MO 64870 USA. [Salim, Hani] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bewick, Bryan] Protect Engn Consultants, Austin, TX 78737 USA. [Bewick, Bryan] Air Force Res Lab, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. RP Naito, C (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ATLSS Ctr, 117 ATLSS Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM cjn3@lehigh.edu; mark.beacraft@gmail.com OI Naito, Clay/0000-0003-3835-8131 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA4918-07-D-0001, FA8903-08-D-8768] FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Robert Dinan and Dr. Michael Hammons, Program Managers) for funding this work under contracts FA4918-07-D-0001 and FA8903-08-D-8768. The experiments were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory located at Tyndall AFB, FL, and at the University of Missouri - Columbia. The work was conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Portland Cement Association, the Prestressed/Precast Concrete Institute, and the Tilt-Up Concrete Association. The authors also thank John Sullivan, Jason Krohn, Michael Sugrue, and the member companies of these organizations for technical and fabrication support of the research. In addition, the authors thank the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for efforts in revising this document. Citation of manufacturers or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 30 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 140 IS 12 AR 04014096 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001020 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AU0RE UT WOS:000345330900005 ER PT J AU Cox, B Juditsky, A Nemirovski, A AF Cox, Bruce Juditsky, Anatoli Nemirovski, Arkadi TI Dual subgradient algorithms for large-scale nonsmooth learning problems SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL-INEQUALITIES; MINIMIZATION AB "Classical" First Order (FO) algorithms of convex optimization, such as Mirror Descent algorithm or Nesterov's optimal algorithm of smooth convex optimization, are well known to have optimal (theoretical) complexity estimates which do not depend on the problem dimension. However, to attain the optimality, the domain of the problem should admit a "good proximal setup". The latter essentially means that (1) the problem domain should satisfy certain geometric conditions of "favorable geometry", and (2) the practical use of these methods is conditioned by our ability to compute at a moderate cost proximal transformation at each iteration. More often than not these two conditions are satisfied in optimization problems arising in computational learning, what explains why proximal type FO methods recently became methods of choice when solving various learning problems. Yet, they meet their limits in several important problems such as multi-task learning with large number of tasks, where the problem domain does not exhibit favorable geometry, and learning and matrix completion problems with nuclear norm constraint, when the numerical cost of computing proximal transformation becomes prohibitive in large-scale problems. We propose a novel approach to solving nonsmooth optimization problems arising in learning applications where Fenchel-type representation of the objective function is available. The approach is based on applying FO algorithms to the dual problem and using the accuracy certificates supplied by the method to recover the primal solution. While suboptimal in terms of accuracy guaranties, the proposed approach does not rely upon "good proximal setup" for the primal problem but requires the problem domain to admit a Linear Optimization oracle-the ability to efficiently maximize a linear form on the domain of the primal problem. C1 [Cox, Bruce] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Juditsky, Anatoli] Univ Grenoble 1, LJK, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Nemirovski, Arkadi] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Juditsky, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LJK, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM juditsky@imag.fr; nemirovs@isye.gatech.edu RI Nemirovski, Arkadi/A-8375-2009 OI Nemirovski, Arkadi/0000-0002-5001-7420 FU ONR [N000140811104]; NSF [DMS 0914785, CMMI 1232623] FX Research of the third author was supported by the ONR Grant N000140811104 and the NSF Grants DMS 0914785, CMMI 1232623. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-5610 EI 1436-4646 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10107-013-0725-1 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA AT3BK UT WOS:000344809700006 ER PT J AU Hu, MQ Weir, JD Wu, T AF Hu, Mengqi Weir, Jeffery D. Wu, Teresa TI An augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimizer for building cluster operation decisions SO APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Particle swarm optimization; Multi-objective optimization; Pareto optimality; Smart grid; Smart building ID THERMAL STORAGE INVENTORY; REINFORCEMENT LEARNING CONTROL; STOCHASTIC SEARCH ALGORITHMS; MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES; GENETIC ALGORITHM; COMBINED HEAT; NSGA-II; SYSTEMS; MASS; APPROXIMATIONS AB It is envisioned that other than the grid-building communication, the smart buildings could potentially treat connected neighborhood buildings as a local buffer thus forming a local area energy network through the smart grid. As the hardware technology is in place, what is needed is an intelligent algorithm that coordinates a cluster of buildings to obtain Pareto decisions on short time scale operations. Research has proposed a memetic algorithm (MA) based framework for building cluster operation decisions and it demonstrated the framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions on an 8-h operation horizon and reducing overall energy costs. While successful, the memetic algorithm is computational expensive which limits its application to building operation decisions on an hourly time scale. To address this challenge, we propose a particle swarm framework, termed augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO). The performance of the proposed AMOPSO in terms of solution quality and convergence speed is improved via the fusion of multiple search methods. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare the proposed AMOPSO with nine multi-objective PSO algorithms (MOPS05) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (M0EA5) collected from the literature. Results demonstrate that AMOPSO outperforms the nine state-of-the-art MOPSOs and MOEAs in terms of epsilon, spread, and hypervolume indicator. A building cluster case is then studied to show that the AMOPSO based decision framework is able to make hourly based operation decisions which could significantly improve energy efficiency and achieve more energy cost savings for the smart buildings. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Mengqi] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Weir, Jeffery D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Teresa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hu, MQ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mhu@ise.msstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [CNS-1239257]; United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) in concert with the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) [2009-121] FX This research was partially supported by funds from the National Science Foundation award under grant number CNS-1239257 and from the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) in concert with the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) under proposal ID 2009-121. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation of the work by the author(s). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of USTRANSCOM, AFIT, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-4946 EI 1872-9681 J9 APPL SOFT COMPUT JI Appl. Soft. Comput. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 25 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.08.069 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA AS7UR UT WOS:000344460600029 ER PT J AU Cox, GS Palazotto, AN Brown, JM George, TJ AF Cox, Geofrey S. Palazotto, Anthony N. Brown, Jeffrey M. George, Tommy J. TI Traveling Wave Excitation: A Method to Produce Consistent Experimental Results SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MISTUNED BLADED-DISK; MODE LOCALIZATION; VIBRATION; SYSTEM AB This paper describes the experimental framework to establish consistent, repeatable results associated with a traveling wave excitation system. The experiment is employed to ascertain the forced response and mistuning patterns for rotors. Several items attributing to existing experimental inconsistencies were identified and their effects were realized during this research. These experimental items were signal input locations, response measurement locations, and rotor alignment position. Accounting for these experimental variables, this paper develops a process which enables consistent rotor forced response results, independent of its orientation on the test stand. C1 [Cox, Geofrey S.] US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Jeffrey M.; George, Tommy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cox, GS (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geofrey.cox@afit.edu; anthony.palazotto@afit.edu; jeffrey.brown.70@us.af.mil; tommy.george@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2014 VL 136 IS 12 AR 122502 DI 10.1115/1.4027744 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AT2AC UT WOS:000344732000010 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Cliver, EW Kahler, SW AF Reames, Donald V. Cliver, Edward W. Kahler, Stephen W. TI Variations in Abundance Enhancements in Impulsive Solar Energetic-Particle Events and Related CMEs and Flares SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Solar flares; Coronal mass ejections; Solar system abundances ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PROTON EVENTS; HEAVY-IONS; X-RAY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; HE-3-RICH EVENTS; WIND SPACECRAFT AB We study event-to-event variations in the abundance enhancements of the elements He through Pb for Fe-rich impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, and their relationship with properties of associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares. Using a least-squares procedure we fit the power-law enhancement of element abundances as a function of their mass-to-charge ratio A/Q to determine both the power and the coronal temperature (which determines Q) in each of 111 impulsive SEP events identified previously. Individual SEP events with the steepest element enhancements, e.g. similar to aEuro parts per thousand(A/Q)(6), tend to be smaller, lower-fluence events with steeper energy spectra that are associated with B- and C-class X-ray flares, with cooler (similar to aEuro parts per thousand 2.5 MK) coronal plasma, and with narrow (< 100(a similar to)), slower (< 700 km s(-1)) CMEs. On the other hand, higher-fluence SEP events have flatter energy spectra, less-dramatic heavy-element enhancements, e.g. similar to aEuro parts per thousand(A/Q)(3), and come from somewhat hotter coronal plasma (similar to aEuro parts per thousand 3.2 MK) associated with C-, M-, and even X-class X-ray flares and with wider CMEs. Enhancements in He-3/He-4 are uncorrelated with those in heavy elements. However, events with He-3/(4)Hea parts per thousand yen0.1 are even more strongly associated with narrow, slow CMEs, with cooler coronal plasma, and with B- and C-class X-ray flares than are other Fe-rich impulsive SEP events with smaller enhancements of He-3. C1 [Reames, Donald V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cliver, Edward W.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kahler, Stephen W.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dvreames@umd.edu; ecliver@nso.edu; stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX S.K. and E.C. were funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. We thank Alan G. Ling for preparing the X-ray fluences for our events. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 289 IS 12 BP 4675 EP 4689 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0589-4 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0FI UT WOS:000344612200015 ER PT J AU Kovaltsov, GA Usoskin, IG Cliver, EW Dietrich, WF Tylka, AJ AF Kovaltsov, G. A. Usoskin, I. G. Cliver, E. W. Dietrich, W. F. Tylka, A. J. TI Fluence Ordering of Solar Energetic Proton Events Using Cosmogenic Radionuclide Data SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Cosmogenic radioisotopes ID TREE-RINGS; SPACE WEATHER; C-14 CONTENT; COSMIC-RAYS; AD 774-775; ATMOSPHERE; INCREASE; MODEL; SUN AB While data on the cosmogenic isotopes C-14 and Be-10 made it possible to evaluate extreme solar proton events (SPEs) in the past, their relation to standard parameters quantifying the SPE strengths, viz. the integrated fluence of protons with energy above 30 MeV, F (30), is ambiguous and strongly depends on the assumed shape of the energy spectrum. Here we propose a new index, the integral fluence of an SPE above 200 MeV, F (200), which is related to the production of the cosmogenic isotopes C-14 and Be-10 in the Earth atmosphere, independently of the assumptions on the energy spectrum of the event. The F (200) fluence is reconstructed from past cosmogenic isotope data, which provides an assessment of the occurrence probability density function for extreme SPEs. In particular, we evaluate that extreme SPEs with F (200)> 10(10) cm(-2) occur no more frequently than once per 10 -aEuro parts per thousand 15 kyr. C1 [Kovaltsov, G. A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Usoskin, I. G.] Univ Oulu, Oulu Unit, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu, Finland. [Usoskin, I. G.] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. [Cliver, E. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Cliver, E. W.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Dietrich, W. F.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Tylka, A. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Usoskin, IG (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Oulu Unit, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu, Finland. EM ilya.usoskin@oulu.fi FU Academy of Finland; ReSoLVE Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland) [272157]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NASA Solar & Heliophysics SRT [NNH12AT09I] FX G.A. Kovaltsov is grateful to the Academy of Finland for partial support. I. G. Usoskin's contribution was made in the framework of the ReSoLVE Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland, project no. 272157). E. W. Cliver acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A.J. Tylka and W.F. Dietrich are supported by NASA Solar & Heliophysics SR&T under NNH12AT09I. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 289 IS 12 BP 4691 EP 4700 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0606-7 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0FI UT WOS:000344612200016 ER PT J AU Navas, H Maruyama, B Weaver, K Paillet, M Zahab, AA Fossard, F Loiseau, A Quesnel, E Anglaret, E Jourdain, V AF Navas, Hugo Maruyama, Benji Weaver, Kent Paillet, Matthieu Zahab, Ahmed-Azvni Fossard, Frederic Loiseau, Annick Quesnel, Etienne Anglaret, Eric Jourdain, Vincent TI Interplay of interfacial compounds, catalyst thickness and carbon precursor supply in the selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotube growth SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYSTS; DIAMETER; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; COMBINATORIAL; ACTIVATION; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; ARRAYS AB This study is devoted to elucidate the interplay of catalyst thickness and growth conditions in the activation and selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotube growth using cobalt deposited on Si/SiO2 as a model system. In situ Raman studies reveal that thin catalyst layers require a higher pressure of carbon precursor to initiate nanotube growth. However, if the catalysts are pre-reduced, all catalyst thicknesses display the same low threshold pressure and a higher yield of single-walled carbon nanotubes. To explain these results, catalysts formed from a gradient of cobalt thickness are studied. Surface analyses show that during the catalyst preparation, catalyst atoms at the interface with silica form small and hard-to-reduce silicate nanoparticles while the catalyst in excess leads to the formation of large oxide particles. Weakly-reducing conditions of pretreatment or synthesis are sufficient to reduce the large oxide particles and to lead to the growth of large-diameter multi-walled carbon nanostructures. However, highly-reducing conditions are required to reduce the small silicate domains into small cobalt particles able to grow single-walled carbon nanotubes. These results show that reaction of the catalyst with the support to form more refractory compounds greatly impact the nucleation yield and the growth selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Navas, Hugo; Paillet, Matthieu; Zahab, Ahmed-Azvni; Anglaret, Eric; Jourdain, Vincent] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Navas, Hugo; Paillet, Matthieu; Zahab, Ahmed-Azvni; Anglaret, Eric; Jourdain, Vincent] CNRS, Lab Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Maruyama, Benji; Weaver, Kent] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45387 USA. [Fossard, Frederic; Loiseau, Annick] ONERA CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Quesnel, Etienne] CEA Grenoble, Liten, DTNM, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Jourdain, V (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM vincent.jourdain@um2.fr FU ANR [ANR-09-NANO-028]; AFOSR; EOARD [FA8655-12-1-2059] FX Support from ANR (Project SOS Nanotube ANR-09-NANO-028), AFOSR and EOARD (contract FA8655-12-1-2059) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Valerie Flaud, Bertrand Rebiere, Viviane Muffato and Said Tahir for technical support. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.003 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AS2TN UT WOS:000344132400066 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Shank, JM Shiveley, AR Saurber, WM Gaussa, EF Pilchak, AL AF Semiatin, S. L. Shank, J. M. Shiveley, A. R. Saurber, W. M. Gaussa, E. F. Pilchak, A. L. TI The Effect of Forging Variables on the Supersolvus Heat-Treatment Response of Powder-Metallurgy Nickel-Base Superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; PLASTIC-FLOW; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS AB The effect of subsolvus forging temperature and strain rate on the grain size developed during final supersolvus heat treatment (SSHT) of two powder-metallurgy, gamma-gamma prime superalloys, IN-100 and LSHR, was established. For this purpose, isothermal, hot compression tests were performed at temperatures ranging from 1144 K (871 A degrees C) and 22 K (22 A degrees C) below the respective gamma-prime solvus temperatures (T (gamma')) and strain rates between 0.0003 and 10 s(-1). Deformed samples were then heat treated 20 K (20 A degrees C) above the solvus for 1 h with selected additional samples exposed for shorter and longer times. For both alloys, the grain size developed during SSHT was in the range of 15 to 30 mu m, except for those processing conditions consisting of pre-deformation at the highest temperature, i.e., T (gamma')-22 K (T (gamma')-22 A degrees C), and strain rates in the range of similar to 0.001 to 0.1 s(-1). In these latter instances, the heat-treated grain size was approx. four times as large. The observations were interpreted in terms of the mechanisms of deformation during hot working and their effect on the driving forces for grain-boundary migration which controls the evolution of the gamma-grain size. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Pilchak, A. L.] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shank, J. M.; Shiveley, A. R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Saurber, W. M.; Gaussa, E. F.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU [FA8650-08-D-5200]; [FA8650-09-2-5800] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank P.N. Fagin and T. M. Brown for their yeoman service in conducting the experiments. Technical discussions with T. P. Gabb, A. D. Rollett, and E.J. Payton are also much appreciated. Three of the authors were supported under the auspices of contracts FA8650-08-D-5200 (JMS, ARS) and FA8650-09-2-5800 (WMS). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45A IS 13 BP 6231 EP 6251 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2572-y PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AS5UM UT WOS:000344334900040 ER PT J AU Choi, YS Groeber, MA Shade, PA Turner, TJ Schuren, JC Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Rollett, AD AF Choi, Yoon Suk Groeber, Michael A. Shade, Paul A. Turner, Todd J. Schuren, Jay C. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Uchic, Michael D. Rollett, Anthony D. TI Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method Simulations for a Polycrystalline Ni Micro-Specimen Deformed in Tension SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN FIELDS; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; STRESS; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; METALS AB A micro-tensile test system equipped with in situ monitoring of the in-plane displacements of a surface and an electron backscattered diffraction-based serial-sectioning technique were used to study the deformation (up to 2.4 pct axial plastic strain in tension) of a polycrystalline nickel micro-specimen. The experimental data include the global engineering stress-engineering strain curve, the local mesoscopic in-plane displacement and strain fields, the three-dimensional microstructure of the micro-specimen reconstructed after the tensile test, and the kernel-average misorientation distribution. The crystal plasticity finite element method using elasto-viscoplastic constitutive formulations was used to simulate the global and local deformation responses of the micro-specimen. Three different boundary conditions (BCs) were applied in simulation in order to study the effects of the lateral displacement (perpendicular to the loading direction) of the top and bottom faces of the specimen gage section. The simulation results were compared to the experimental results. The comparison between experiment and simulation results is discussed, based upon their implications for understanding the deformation of micro-specimens and the causes associated with uncertainties embedded in both experimental and numerical approaches. Also, the sensitivity of BCs to near-field and far-field responses of the micro-specimen was systematically studied. Results show that the experimental methodology used in the present study allows for limited but meaningful comparisons to crystal plasticity finite element simulations of the micro-specimen under the small plastic deformation. C1 [Choi, Yoon Suk] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Groeber, Michael A.; Shade, Paul A.; Turner, Todd J.; Schuren, Jay C.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.; Uchic, Michael D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXLM, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM choiys@pusan.ac.kr RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 FU U.S. Air force [FA8650-10-D-5226]; Pusan National University; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0213] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air force contract (# FA8650-10-D-5226, YSC) and Pusan National University Research Grant, 2013 (YSC). ADR is grateful for support from an AFOSR Discovery Challenge Thrust Grant # FA9550-10-1-0213. The authors are grateful to Dr. R. A. Brockman of University of Dayton Research Institute for the fruitful discussion throughout the project. Computations were performed using computer resources at the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45A IS 13 BP 6352 EP 6359 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2556-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AS5UM UT WOS:000344334900051 ER PT J AU Lovell, TA Spencer, DA AF Lovell, Thomas A. Spencer, David A. TI Relative Orbital Elements Formulation Based upon the Clohessy-Wiltshire Equations SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Orbital mechanics; Relative motion; Proximity operations AB For on-orbit applications where two or more spacecraft are flying in close proximity, it is often convenient to apply the Clohessy-Wiltshire differential relative motion equations in order to calculate the relative motion of a deputy spacecraft about a chief spacecraft that is assumed to be in a circular orbit. Under these assumptions, the solutions to the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations can be re-parameterized as a set of relative orbital elements that fully characterize the relative motion of the deputy about the chief. In contrast to the Cartesian relative position and velocity states, relative orbital elements provide a clear geometric interpretation of the relative motion and yield an intuitive understanding of how the unforced relative motion will evolve with time. In this paper, the derivation of relative orbital elements is given, and the transformation between relative orbital elements and Cartesian state elements expressed in the local-vertical, local-horizontal frame is provided. The evolution of relative orbital elements with time is evaluated, and characteristics of the unforced motion in terms of relative orbital elements are described. C1 [Lovell, Thomas A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Spencer, David A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Spencer, DA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.spencer@aerospace.gatech.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors wish to acknowledge the following individuals who contributed to the development of the relative orbital element formulation: Steve Tragesser, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs; Kenny Horneman, Barron Associates, Inc.; and Mark Tollefson, retired. The authors also acknowledge the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory for their support of this work. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 341 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s40295-014-0029-6 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V41WA UT WOS:000209575100002 ER PT J AU Grier, B Alyanak, E White, M Camberos, J Figliola, R AF Grier, Benjamin Alyanak, Edward White, Michael Camberos, Jose Figliola, Richard TI Numerical integration techniques for discontinuous manufactured solutions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Numerical integration; Method of manufactured solutions; Discontinuity ID RIEMANN SOLVER; SOURCE TERMS; CONVERGENCE; SCHEMES AB When applying the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) on computational fluid dynamic software, determining the exact solutions and source terms for finite volume codes where the stored value is an integrated average over the control volume is non-trivial and not frequently discussed. MMS with discontinuities further complicates the problem of determining these values. In an effort to adapt the standard MMS procedure to solutions that contain discontinuities we show that Newton-Cotes and Gauss quadrature numerical integration methods exhibit high error, first order limitations. We propose a new method for determining the exact solutions and source terms on a uniform structured grid containing shock discontinuities by performing linearly and quadratically exact transformations on split cells. Transformations are performed on triangular and quadrilateral elements of a systematically divided discontinuous cell. Using a quadratic transformation in conjunction with a nine point Gauss quadrature method, a minimum of 4th order accuracy is achieved for fully general solutions and shock shapes. A linear approximation of curved shocks is also experimentally shown to be 2nd order accurate. The numerical integration method is then applied to a CFD code using simple discontinuous manufactured solutions which return consistent 1st order convergence values. The result is an important step towards being able to use MMS to verify solutions with discontinuities. This work also highlights the use of higher order numerical integration techniques for continuous and discontinuous solutions that are required for MMS on higher order finite volume codes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Alyanak, Edward; White, Michael; Camberos, Jose] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grier, Benjamin; Figliola, Richard] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grier, B (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM bgrier@clemson.edu; Edward.Alyanak@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.White.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; jose.camberos@wpafb.af.mil; fgliola@clemson.edu FU Air Force STAR-DP program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force STAR-DP program for their support of this work. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Christopher Roy, Virginia Tech, and Dr. Larry Lambe, MSSRC Inc., for their invaluable discussions on the topic. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 278 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.08.031 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AQ4FS UT WOS:000342749300011 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Madria, S Linderman, M AF Mukundan, Raghul Madria, Sanjay Linderman, Mark TI Efficient integrity verification of replicated data in cloud using homomorphic encryption SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABASES LA English DT Article DE Replication; Data integrity; Cloud computing AB The cloud computing is an emerging model in which computing infrastructure resources are provided as a service over the internet. Data owners can outsource their data by remotely storing them in the cloud and enjoy on-demand high quality services from a shared pool of configurable computing resources. However, since data owners and the cloud servers are not in the same trusted domain, the outsourced data may be at risk as the cloud server may no longer be fully trusted. Therefore, data confidentiality, availability and integrity is of critical importance in such a scenario. The data owner encrypts data before storing it on the cloud to ensure data confidentiality. Cloud should let the owners or a trusted third party to check for the integrity of their data storage without demanding a local copy of the data. Owners often replicate their data on the cloud servers across multiple data centers to provide a higher level of scalability, availability, and durability. When the data owners ask the cloud service provider (CSP) to replicate data, they are charged a higher storage fee by the CSP. Therefore, the data owners need to be strongly convinced that the CSP is storing data copies agreed on in the service level contract, and data-updates have been correctly executed on all the remotely stored copies. To deal with such problems, previous multi copy verification schemes either focused on static files or incurred huge update costs in a dynamic file scenario. In this paper, we propose a dynamic multi-replica provable data possession scheme (DMR-PDP) that while maintaining data confidentiality prevents the CSP from cheating, by maintaining fewer copies than paid for and/or tampering data. In addition, we also extend the scheme to support a basic file versioning system where only the difference between the original file and the updated file is propagated rather than the propagation of operations for privacy reasons. DMR-PDP also supports efficient dynamic operations like block modification, insertion and deletion on replicas over the cloud servers. Through security analysis and experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure and performs better than some other related ideas published recently. C1 [Mukundan, Raghul; Madria, Sanjay] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Linderman, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Madria, S (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rmgq8@mst.edu; madrias@mst.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-8782 EI 1573-7578 J9 DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT JI Distrib. Parallel Databases PD DEC PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 BP 507 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s10619-014-7151-0 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AP2OV UT WOS:000341913600003 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Valeev, I Mironov, S Korznikov, A Myshlyaev, M Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, Tatyana Valeev, Irshat Mironov, Sergey Korznikov, Alexander Myshlyaev, Michail Semiatin, S. Lee TI Effect of electric-current pulses on grain-structure evolution in cryogenically rolled copper SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ALLOY AB The effect of electric-current pulses on the evolution of microstructure and texture in cryogenically rolled copper was determined. The pulsed material was found to be completely recrystallized, and the recrystallization mechanism was deduced to be similar to that operating during conventional static annealing. The microstructural changes were explained simply in terms of Joule heating. A significant portion of the recrystallization process was concluded to have occurred after pulsing; i.e., during cooling to ambient temperature. The grain structure and microhardness were shown to vary noticeably in the heat-affected zone (HAZ); these observations mirrored variations of temper colors. Accordingly, the revealed microstructure heterogeneity was attributed to the inhomogeneous temperature distribution developed during pulsing. In the central part of the HAZ, the mean grain size increased with current density and this effect was associated with the temperature rise per se. This grain size was slightly smaller than that in statically recrystallized specimens. C1 [Konkova, Tatyana; Valeev, Irshat; Mironov, Sergey; Korznikov, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, Sergey] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, Alexander] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, Michail] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, Michail] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, S. Lee] AFRL RXCM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Program FX The authors thank Dr. R.M. Galeyev and Dr. O.R. Valiakhmetov for graciously providing the material used in this work, and P. Klassman and T.I. Nazarova for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. One of the authors (AVK) would like to acknowledge the Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Program for financial support. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 22 BP 2727 EP 2737 DI 10.1557/jmr.2014.299 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AW7FG UT WOS:000346429500013 ER PT J AU Snure, M Paduano, Q Hamilton, M Shoaf, J Mann, JM AF Snure, Michael Paduano, Qing Hamilton, Merle Shoaf, Jodie Mann, J. Matthew TI Optical characterization of nanocrystalline boron nitride thin films grown by atomic layer deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Boron nitride; Atomic layer deposition; Thin films; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; CARBON FILMS; CRYSTALS; CVD AB Boron nitride thin films were grown on sapphire and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition from triethylborane (TEB) and NH3 precursors in the temperature range of 500 to 900 degrees C. By varying the TEB exposure the film thickness can be controlled with<1 nm precision. At 600 degrees C the process is self-limiting, but films are found to be amorphous. Films grown at higher temperatures were identified as sp(2) BN, but the process is no longer self-limiting. From Raman and IR absorption spectroscopy films deposited at 900 degrees C were identified as nanocrystalline sp(2) BN with crystallite sizes in the range of 3 to 8 nm depending on the NH3 dosage. Films deposited at lower temperatures had broad red shifted IR absorption peaks indicating the lack of long range ordering. The visible and UV optical properties of these films were characterized by UV-Vis transmission measurements over the range of 800 to 190 nm. Nanocrystalline films are highly transparent over this range up to the band gap, which was measured to be in the range of 5.83 to 5.65 eV depending on the NH3 dosage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snure, Michael; Paduano, Qing; Hamilton, Merle; Mann, J. Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shoaf, Jodie] Wyle Labs Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Snure, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.snure.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Kenneth Goretta) [13RY03COR] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract number 13RY03COR (Program Manager Kenneth Goretta). NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 571 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.09.065 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AW1MQ UT WOS:000346053900009 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Adams, SF AF Jiao, C. Q. Adams, S. F. TI Electron ionization of cyclohexene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cyclohexene; electron ionization; cross sections ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT; EXCITATION; OXIDATION; MOLECULES; ISOMERS; FLAMES AB The absolute total cross section of electron ionization on cyclohexene (CHE) and the branching ratios of the product ions are measured in an electron energy range of 10-200 eV. The total cross section reaches a maximum of 1.5 x 10(-15) cm(2) at 80 eV. Sixteen noteworthy product ions are observed from the ionization of CHE that have partial cross sections greater than 5 x 10(-18) cm(2) at 50 eV: C2H3+, C3H3,5+, C4H2-7+, C5H5-7+, and C6H5,7,9,10+, where branching ratios are reported for each. The most abundant ions within the electron energy range studied are the parent ion C6H10+ and fragment ions C5H7+ and C4H6+, with combined abundance accounting more than half of the ion population. The reaction pathways forming certain fragment ions at energies near their thresholds are discussed. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Adams, S. F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM steven.adams.11@us.af.mil FU Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 22 AR 225203 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/22/225203 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS8LA UT WOS:000344499200008 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Hager, GD Erickson, CJ Burke, JH AF Zameroski, Nathan D. Hager, Gordon D. Erickson, Christopher J. Burke, John H. TI Pressure broadening and frequency shift of the 5S(1/2) -> 5D(5/2) and 5S(1/2) -> 7S(1/2) two photon transitions in Rb-85 by the noble gases and N-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic spectroscopy; atomic frequency standards; Doppler free two photon absorption; pressure broadening and shift; rubidium ID RYDBERG-ATOM TRANSITIONS; STATE ALKALI ATOMS; RARE-GAS; ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY; LINE BROADENINGS; SPECTRAL-LINES; DIODE-LASER; METAL ATOMS; RUBIDIUM; RB AB Doppler free two photon absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the pressure broadening and frequency shift rates of the 5S(1/2) (F = 3) -> 5D(5/2) (F = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) (778.105 nm) and the 5S(1/2) (F = 2) -> 7S(1/2) (F = 2) (760.126 nm) two photon transitions in Rb-85 by the noble gases and N-2. To our knowledge, these rates are reported on for the first time. The self-broadening and shift rate of the 5S(1/2) (F = 3) -> 5D(5/2) (F = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) transition and self -broadening rate of the 5S(1/2) (F = 2) -> 7S(1/2) (F = 2) transition were also measured. The temperature dependence of the self-frequency shift (Rb-Rb collisions) of these transitions is presented. Helium diffusion rates through Quartz and Pyrex cells are also calculated and the implication of helium diffusion through glass vapor cells is discussed in regards to atomic frequency standards based on these transitions. Experimental pressure broadening and shift rates are compared to theoretically calculated rates assuming a 6, 8 or 6, 8, 10 difference potential and pseudo potential model. Reasonable agreement is achieved between experimental and theoretical values. C1 [Zameroski, Nathan D.] Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hager, Gordon D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Erickson, Christopher J.; Burke, John H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM ndz103@hotmail.com NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 22 AR 225205 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/22/225205 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS8LA UT WOS:000344499200010 ER PT J AU Gomez, EF Venkatraman, V Grote, JG Steckl, AJ AF Gomez, Eliot F. Venkatraman, Vishak Grote, James G. Steckl, Andrew J. TI DNA Bases Thymine and Adenine in Bio-Organic Light Emitting Diodes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-BLOCKING LAYER; INJECTION; INTERLAYERS; DEVICES AB We report on the use of nucleic acid bases (NBs) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). NBs are small molecules that are the basic building blocks of the larger DNA polymer. NBs readily thermally evaporate and integrate well into the vacuum deposited OLED fabrication. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) were deposited as electron-blocking/hole-transport layers (EBL/HTL) that resulted in increases in performance over the reference OLED containing the standard EBL material NPB. A-based OLEDs reached a peak current efficiency and luminance performance of 48 cd/A and 93,000 cd/m(2),respectively, while T-based OLEDs had a maximum of 76 cd/A and 132,000 cd/m(2). By comparison, the reference OLED yielded 37 cd/A and 113,000 cd/m(2). The enhanced performance of T-based devices is attributed to a combination of energy levels and structured surface morphology that causes more efficient and controlled hole current transport to the emitting layer. C1 [Gomez, Eliot F.; Venkatraman, Vishak; Steckl, Andrew J.] Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steckl, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu OI Gomez, Eliot/0000-0003-3341-7139 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7105 DI 10.1038/srep07105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW3JQ UT WOS:000346183100001 PM 25417819 ER PT J AU Alam, T Wang, BM Pulavarthy, R Haque, MA Muratore, C Glavin, N Roy, AK Voevodin, AA AF Alam, Tarek Wang, Baoming Pulavarthy, Raghu Haque, M. A. Muratore, Christopher Glavin, Nicholas Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Domain engineering of physical vapor deposited two-dimensional materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; DER-WAALS SOLIDS; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ATOMIC LAYERS; MOS2 TRANSISTORS; EXFOLIATED MOS2; LARGE-AREA; GRAPHENE; GROWTH AB Physical vapor deposited two-dimensional (2D) materials span larger areas compared to exfoliated flakes, but suffer from very small grain or domain sizes. In this letter, we fabricate freestanding molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and amorphous boron nitride (BN) specimens to expose both surfaces. We performed in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope to observe the domain restructuring in real time. The freestanding MoS2 specimens showed up to 100x increase in domain size, while the amorphous BN transformed in to polycrystalline hexagonal BN (h-BN) at temperatures around 600 degrees C much lower than the 850-1000 degrees C range cited in the literature. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Alam, Tarek; Wang, Baoming; Pulavarthy, Raghu; Haque, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Muratore, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Kettering Labs, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas; Roy, Ajit K.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haque, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, 314 Leonhard Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah37@psu.edu OI Wang, Baoming/0000-0001-8934-099X FU National Science Foundation USA (ECCS) [1028521]; American Society for Engineering Education for a Summer Faculty Fellowship; AFRL FX M. A. Haque acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation USA (ECCS No. 1028521) and the American Society for Engineering Education for a Summer Faculty Fellowship.; C.M. would like to thank Advanced Energy Industries for providing Pinnacle Plus power supply for MoS2 synthesis and funding from AFRL supported DAGSI program. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 21 AR 213110 DI 10.1063/1.4902937 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU5IE UT WOS:000345639400044 ER PT J AU Giacoppo, F Garrote, FLB Bernstein, LA Bleuel, DL Eriksen, TK Firestone, RB Gorgen, A Guttormsen, M Hagen, TW Kheswa, BV Klintefjord, M Koehler, PE Larsen, C Nyhus, HT Renstrom, T Sahin, E Siem, S Tornyi, T AF Giacoppo, F. Garrote, F. L. Bello Bernstein, L. A. Bleuel, D. L. Eriksen, T. K. Firestone, R. B. Gorgen, A. Guttormsen, M. Hagen, T. W. Kheswa, B. V. Klintefjord, M. Koehler, P. E. Larsen, C. Nyhus, H. T. Renstrom, T. Sahin, E. Siem, S. Tornyi, T. TI Level densities and thermodynamical properties of Pt and Au isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE HEAT-CAPACITY; STRENGTH FUNCTION; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; NUCLEI; MODEL AB The nuclear level densities of Pt194-196 and Au-197,Au-198 below the neutron separation energy have been measured using transfer and scattering reactions. All the level density distributions follow the constant-temperature description. Each group of isotopes is characterized by the same temperature above the energy threshold corresponding to the breaking of the first Cooper pair. A constant entropy excess Lambda S = 1.9k(B) and 1.1k(B) is observed in Pt-195 and Au-198 with respect to Pt-196 and Au-197, respectively, giving information on the available single-particle level space for the last unpaired valence neutron. The breaking of nucleon Cooper pairs is revealed by sequential peaks in the microcanonical caloric curve. C1 [Giacoppo, F.; Garrote, F. L. Bello; Eriksen, T. K.; Gorgen, A.; Guttormsen, M.; Hagen, T. W.; Kheswa, B. V.; Klintefjord, M.; Koehler, P. E.; Larsen, C.; Nyhus, H. T.; Renstrom, T.; Sahin, E.; Siem, S.; Tornyi, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Firestone, R. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kheswa, B. V.] iThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset West, South Africa. [Koehler, P. E.] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Tornyi, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci MTA Atomki, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Giacoppo, F (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM francesca.giacoppo@fys.uio.no OI Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 054330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.054330 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AU2SJ UT WOS:000345467600002 ER PT J AU Roy, S Miller, JD Slipchenko, MN Hsu, PS Mance, JG Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Miller, Joseph D. Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Hsu, Paul S. Mance, Jason G. Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. TI 100-ps-pulse-duration, 100-J burst-mode laser for kHz-MHz flow diagnostics SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SHOT THERMOMETRY; DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIER; TURBULENT FLAMES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; PULSES; JETS AB A high-speed, master-oscillator power-amplifier burst-mode laser with similar to 100 ps pulse duration is demonstrated with output energy up to 110 J per burst at 1064 nm and second-harmonic conversion efficiency up to 67% in a KD*P crystal. The output energy is distributed across 100 to 10,000 sequential laser pulses, with 10 kHz to 1 MHz repetition rate, respectively, over 10 ms burst duration. The performance of the 100 ps burst-mode laser is evaluated and been found to compare favorably with that of a similar design that employs a conventional similar to 8 ns pulse duration. The nearly transform-limited spectral bandwidth of 0.15 cm(-1) at 532 nm is ideal for a wide range of linear and nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, and the 100 picosecond pulse duration is optimal for fiber-coupled spectroscopic measurements in harsh reacting-flow environments. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Roy, Sukesh; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Hsu, Paul S.; Mance, Jason G.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Gord, James R.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM roy.sukesh@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8650-12-C-2200) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager). NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 22 BP 6462 EP 6465 DI 10.1364/OL.39.006462 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT5MB UT WOS:000344986000027 PM 25490494 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Aggregation and network formation in self-assembly of protein (H3.1) by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEIN; X-RAY-SCATTERING; HISTONE H3; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; POTENTIALS; PACKING; MODEL AB Multi-scale aggregation to network formation of interacting proteins (H3.1) are examined by a knowledge-based coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation as a function of temperature and the number of protein chains, i.e., the concentration of the protein. Self-assembly of corresponding homopolymers of constitutive residues (Cys, Thr, and Glu) with extreme residue-residue interactions, i.e., attractive (Cys-Cys), neutral (Thr-Thr), and repulsive (Glu-Glu), are also studied for comparison with the native protein. Visual inspections show contrast and similarity in morphological evolutions of protein assembly, aggregation of small aggregates to a ramified network from low to high temperature with the aggregation of a Cys-polymer, and an entangled network of Glu and Thr polymers. Variations in mobility profiles of residues with the concentration of the protein suggest that the segmental characteristic of proteins is altered considerably by the self-assembly from that in its isolated state. The global motion of proteins and Cys polymer chains is enhanced by their interacting network at the low temperature where isolated chains remain quasi-static. Transition from globular to random coil transition, evidenced by the sharp variation in the radius of gyration, of an isolated protein is smeared due to self-assembly of interacting networks of many proteins. Scaling of the structure factor S(q) with the wave vector q provides estimates of effective dimension D of the mass distribution at multiple length scales in self-assembly. Crossover from solid aggregates (D similar to 3) at low temperature to a ramified fibrous network (D similar to 2) at high temperature is observed for the protein H3.1 and Cys polymers in contrast to little changes in mass distribution (D similar to 1.6) of fibrous Glu- and Thr-chain configurations. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [GR04691] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (GR04691). We thank Diana Lovejoy for reading the paper and corrections. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 17 AR 175103 DI 10.1063/1.4901129 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AT2RL UT WOS:000344782200058 PM 25381549 ER PT J AU Wie, JJ Chatterjee, S Wang, DH Tan, LS Shankar, MR White, TJ AF Wie, Jeong Jae Chatterjee, Sourav Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Shankar, M. Ravi White, Timothy J. TI Azobenzene-functionalized polyimides as wireless actuators SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polyimide; Azobenzene; Photomechanical ID CRYSTALLINE POLYMER NETWORKS; PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; LIGHT; GLASSY; PHOTODRIVEN; SYSTEM; MOTION; WORK AB Wireless transduction of light into mechanical work manifested as shape-changing surfaces, adaptive structures, or actuators is a topic of considerable recent interest. In the work reported here, the photomechanical responses of a new series of crosslinked azobenzene-functionalized polyimides prepared with increasing backbone rigidity over a range of crosslinker concentrations are examined. The baseline properties of the materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and photomechanical examination including cantilever bending experiments and tensile tests. Increasing the rigidity of the backbone repeat unit reduces the magnitude of the shape change (observed as cantilever deflection) but increases the magnitude of photogenerated stress (in tensile tests). The promise of these materials as wireless actuators was examined in photoinitiated snap-through experiments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wie, Jeong Jae; Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wie, Jeong Jae] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Chatterjee, Sourav; Shankar, M. Ravi] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon.tan@us.af.mil; ravishm@pitt.edu; timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Wang, David/F-7492-2013; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Shankar, M. Ravi/0000-0001-9608-6627 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research laboratory; National Science Foundation [1030265] FX J.J.W., D.H.W., L.-S.T., and T.J.W. acknowledge financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research laboratory. We thank Marlene Houtz (University of Dayton Research Institute) for DMA data and Hilmar Koerner and Megan Pike for facilitating WAXD experiments. S.C. and M.R.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (Grant #1030265) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 55 IS 23 SI SI BP 5915 EP 5923 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.084 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AU0JW UT WOS:000345310100008 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachter, R Vaia, RA AF Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth Vaia, Richard A. TI Tunability in electron transport of molybdenum chalcogenide nanowires by theoretical prediction SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; MO6S6 NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR WIRES; WS2 NANOTUBES; NANOSCALE; CLUSTERS; FILMS; ADSORPTION; GRAPHENE AB Transition metal chalcogenide nanowires could comprise an alternative for nanoelectronics application, yet this class of materials is not well-characterized. Here we predict tunability in I-V characteristics of MoX (X = S, Se) nanowires, dependent on chalcogen atom, Li doping, type of electrode, and morphology. We show an intrinsic negative differential resistance (NDR)-like behavior for Mo6S6 nanowires, explained by bands mismatch in the electronic structure calculated by density functional theory (DFT) within the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The NDR-like behavior is suppressed upon Li intercalation or for gold leads. The electron transport results are based on optimized configurations using a non-empirical London dispersion-corrected DFT functional. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Akdim, Brahim] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahim.akdim.ctr@us.af.mil; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Materials 82 Manufacturing Directorate FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials 82 Manufacturing Directorate, and resources and helpful assistance from the AFRL DSRC for High Performance Computing. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 615 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AT2FE UT WOS:000344747400018 ER PT J AU Chu, RL Chiang, TH Hsueh, WJ Chen, KH Lin, KY Brown, GJ Chyi, JI Kwo, J Hong, M AF Chu, R. L. Chiang, T. H. Hsueh, W. J. Chen, K. H. Lin, K. Y. Brown, G. J. Chyi, J. I. Kwo, J. Hong, M. TI Passivation of GaSb using molecular beam epitaxy Y2O3 to achieve low interfacial trap density and high-performance self-aligned inversion-channel p-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIMONIDE; DEVICES; MOSFETS; SI AB Molecular beam epitaxy deposited rare-earth oxide of Y2O3 has effectively passivated GaSb, leading to low interfacial trap densities of (1-4) x 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) across the energy bandgap of GaSb. A high saturation drain current density of 130 mu A/mu m, a peak transconductance of 90 mu S/mu m, a low subthreshold slope of 147 mV/decade, and a peak field-effect hole mobility of 200 cm(2)/V-s were obtained in 1 mu m-gate-length self-aligned inversion-channel GaSb p-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistors (MOSFETs). In this work, high-kappa/GaSb interfacial properties were better in samples with a high substrate temperature of 200 degrees C than in those with high kappa's deposited at room temperature, in terms of the interfacial electrical properties, particularly, the reduction of interfacial trap densities near the conduction band and the MOSFET device performance. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chu, R. L.; Chiang, T. H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Hsueh, W. J.; Chyi, J. I.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Chen, K. H.; Lin, K. Y.; Hong, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, K. H.; Lin, K. Y.; Hong, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Brown, G. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kwo, J.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. RP Kwo, J (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM raynien@phys.nthu.edu.tw; mhong@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Chyi, Jen-Inn/A-1799-2016 FU Nano National Project of NSC [101-2120-M-002-016, NSC102-2112-M-002-022-MY3]; MOST of the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [103-2622-E-002-031]; AOARD FX This project was supported by Nano National Project of NSC 101-2120-M-002-016, NSC102-2112-M-002-022-MY3, and MOST 103-2622-E-002-031 of the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. The authors acknowledge Dr. T. W. Pi for the explanation of better electrical performance using in-situ XPS. We also thank the support of AOARD. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 18 AR 182106 DI 10.1063/1.4901100 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AT5RQ UT WOS:000345000000040 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Easter, M Gumbs, G Maradudin, AA Lin, SY Cardimona, DA Zhang, X AF Huang, Danhong Easter, Michelle Gumbs, Godfrey Maradudin, A. A. Lin, Shawn-Yu Cardimona, D. A. Zhang, Xiang TI Controlling quantum-dot light absorption and emission by a surface-plasmon field SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS; LASER AB The possibility for controlling both the probe-field optical gain and absorption, as well as photon conversion by a surface-plasmon-polariton near field is explored for a quantum dot located above a metal surface. In contrast to the linear response in the weak-coupling regime, the calculated spectra show an induced optical gain and a triply-split spontaneous emission peak resulting from the interference between the surface-plasmon field and the probe or self-emitted light field in such a strongly-coupled nonlinear system. Our result on the control of the mediated photon-photon interaction, very similar to the 'gate' control in an optical transistor, may be experimentally observable and applied to ultra-fast intrachip/interchip optical interconnects, improvement in the performance of fiber-optic communication networks, and developments of optical digital computers and quantum communications. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Danhong; Cardimona, D. A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Easter, Michelle] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lin, Shawn-Yu] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@us.af.mil RI Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFRL [FA 9453-13-1-0291] FX DH would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for support. GG was supported by contract # FA 9453-13-1-0291 of AFRL. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 46 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 3 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 22 BP 27576 EP 27605 DI 10.1364/OE.22.027576 PG 30 WC Optics SC Optics GA AS0ZI UT WOS:000344004900108 PM 25401904 ER PT J AU Stahl, MC Harris, CK Matto, S Bernstein, JA AF Stahl, Mark C. Harris, Caitlin K. Matto, Sulaiman Bernstein, Jonathan A. TI Idiopathic nonhistaminergic angioedema successfully treated with ecallantide, icatibant, and C1 esterase inhibitor replacement SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE LA English DT Letter ID HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA C1 [Stahl, Mark C.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harris, Caitlin K.; Matto, Sulaiman] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Bernstein, Jonathan A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol, Allergy Sect, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Stahl, MC (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM docstahl@yahoo.com NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-2198 EI 2213-2201 J9 J ALLER CL IMM-PRACT JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.-Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 2 IS 6 BP 818 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.05.006 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA CH7HW UT WOS:000354207600034 PM 25439384 ER PT J AU Checketts, MR Turkyilmaz, I Volkan, N AF Checketts, Matthew R. Turkyilmaz, Ilser Volkan, Neset TI AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SCALING-INDUCED SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON BACTERIAL ADHESION IN COMMON FIXED DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC SCALER TIP; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS; TITANIUM SURFACES; PLAQUE; VIVO; COLONIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; REMOVAL; CROWNS AB Statement of problem. Bacterial plaque must be routinely removed from teeth, adjacent structures, and prostheses. However, the removal of this plaque can inadvertently increase the risk of future bacterial adhesion. Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the change in the surface roughness of 3 different surfaces after dental prophylactic instrumentation and how this influenced bacterial adhesion. Material and methods. Forty specimens each of Type Ill gold alloy, lithium disilicate, and zirconia were fabricated in the same dimensions. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: ultrasonic scaler, stainless steel curette, prophylaxis cup, and control. Pretreatment surface roughness measurements were made with a profilometer. Surface treatments in each group were performed with a custom mechanical scaler. Posttreatment surface roughness values were measured. In turn, the specimens were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces viscosus. Bacterial adhesion was assessed by rinsing the specimens with sterile saline to remove unattached cells. The specimens were then placed in sterile tubes with 1 mL of sterile saline. The solution was plated and quantified. Scanning electron microscopy was performed. The statistical analysis of surface roughness was completed by using repeated-measures single-factor ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction. Results. The surface roughness values for gold alloy specimens increased as a result of prophylaxis cup treatment (0.221 to 0.346 Ra) (P<.01) and stainless steel curette treatment (0.264 to 1.835 Ra) (P<.01). The results for bacterial adhesion to gold alloy proved inconclusive. A quantitative comparison indicated no statistically significant differences in pretreatment and posttreatment surface roughness values for lithium disilicate and zirconia specimens. In spite of these similarities, the overall bacterial adherence values for lithium disilicate were significantly greater than those recorded for gold alloy or zirconia (P<.05). Instrumentation of the lithium disilicate and zirconia with the stainless steel curette significantly increased bacterial adhesion compared with the control (P<.05). Conclusions. The results of this investigation indicate that Type III gold alloy exhibited increased surface roughness values after stainless steel curette and prophylaxis cup treatments. Zirconia was less susceptible to bacterial adhesion than lithium disilicate, and greater bacterial adhesion was found for the stainless steel curette than the other instrumentation methods. C1 [Checketts, Matthew R.] US Air Force, Lackland AFB, Joint Base San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Turkyilmaz, Ilser] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Comprehens Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Volkan, Neset] Gazi Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Ankara, Turkey. RP Checketts, MR (reprint author), Air Force Postgrad Dent Sch, Joint Base San Antonio, 2133 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM matthew.checketts.1@us.af.mil NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 EI 1097-6841 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1265 EP 1270 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CC8KV UT WOS:000350618500033 PM 24831748 ER PT J AU Comfort, KK Maurer, EI Hussain, SM AF Comfort, Kristen K. Maurer, Elizabeth I. Hussain, Saber M. TI Slow release of ions from internalized silver nanoparticles modifies the epidermal growth factor signaling response SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticle; Ionic dissolution; EGF signaling; Stress response; Lysosomal fluid ID CELLULAR INTERACTION; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CANCER-THERAPY; TOXICITY; CELLS; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; DISSOLUTION; EXPOSURE; GOLD AB Due to their distinctive physiochemical properties, including a robust antibacterial activity and plasmonic capability, hundreds of consumer and medical products contain colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, even at sub-toxic dosages, AgNPs are able to disrupt cell functionality, through a yet unknown mechanism. Moreover, internalized AgNPs have the potential to prolong this disruption, even after the removal of excess particles. In the present study, we evaluated the impact, mechanism of action, and continual effects of 50 nm AgNP exposure on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal transduction within a human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. After AgNP expose, EGF signaling was initially obstructed due to the dissolution of particles into silver ions. However, at longer durations, the internalized AgNPs increased EGF signaling activity. This latter behavior correlated to sustained HaCaT stress, believed to be maintained through the continual dissolution of internalized AgNPs. This study raises concerns that even after exposure ceases, the retained nanomaterials are capable of acting as a slow-release mechanism for metallic ions; continually stressing and modifying normal cellular functionality. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Comfort, Kristen K.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Comfort, KK (reprint author), 524 Kettering Labs, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kcomfort1@udayton.edu FU University of Dayton; Henry M. Jackson Foundation FX This work was sponsored through funds provided by the University of Dayton. E.I.M. received funding from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 123 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.008 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA AY4YI UT WOS:000347580500019 PM 25260222 ER PT J AU Tao, X Bortnik, J Albert, JM Thorne, RM Li, W AF Tao, Xin Bortnik, Jacob Albert, Jay M. Thorne, Richard M. Li, Wen TI Effects of discreteness of chorus waves on quasilinear diffusion-based modeling of energetic electron dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chorus waves; phase trapping; test particle simulation; inner magnetosphere ID ALLEN RADIATION BELTS; COHERENT VLF WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERIC CHORUS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACCELERATION; PRECIPITATION; DEPENDENCES; SCATTERING; POLAR; STORM AB Chorus waves are typically observed as a series of discrete, narrowband rising or falling tone elements, as opposed to a continuous uniform band, as it is often modeled. The effects of this discreteness on the applicability of quasilinear theory to interactions between electrons and parallel-propagating chorus waves in a dipole field are investigated using test particle simulations. Previous work indicated that quasilinear theory might not be directly applicable, because chorus elements are coherent or quasi-coherent. Nonlinear processes such as phase trapping and bunching were demonstrated by modeling a chorus element using a single wave. Here we represent a chorus wave field with a series of coherent elements with subpacket structures using a previously developed method involving test particle simulations to explore the applicability of quasilinear theory. By comparing electron distribution functions from test particle simulations and quasilinear predictions, we demonstrate that, besides the wave amplitude, the discreteness of chorus waves also affects the applicability of quasilinear theory. When chorus elements are close to each other and the wave amplitude is small, quasilinear theory can well describe the evolution of the electron distribution. However, when chorus elements are widely separated in space and time, the discreteness of chorus might reduce the possibility of resonant interactions between electrons and chorus. Nonlinear effects of chorus waves on electrons are also shown using the current model. The method presented in this work should be helpful for investigating the applicability of quasilinear theory in general situations. Our results should be important to understanding and modeling electrons dynamics due to interactions with chorus. C1 [Tao, Xin; Bortnik, Jacob; Thorne, Richard M.; Li, Wen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tao, Xin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Tao, Xin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Mengcheng Natl Geophys Observ, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Albert, Jay M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xtao@ustc.edu.cn OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU NSF [0903802]; NASA through the NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program [NNX11AR64G, DE-SC0010578]; USTC [KY2080000018]; NSFC [41121003]; CAS [KZZD-EW-01-4]; NASA LWS TRT program FX This research was supported at UCLA by NSF grant 0903802, NASA grant NNX11AR64G, and DE-SC0010578, which was awarded through the NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program. Xin Tao was also supported by USTC grant KY2080000018, NSFC grant 41121003, and CAS Key Research Program KZZD-EW-01-4. Jay Albert was supported by the NASA LWS TR&T program. The model data will be preserved on a long-term storage system and will be made available upon request to the corresponding author. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8848 EP 8857 DI 10.1002/2014JA020022 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX2RO UT WOS:000346792100010 ER PT J AU Ripoll, JF Albert, JM Cunningham, GS AF Ripoll, J. -F. Albert, J. M. Cunningham, G. S. TI Electron lifetimes from narrowband wave-particle interactions within the plasmasphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lifetime; electron; plasmasphere; narrowband; wave-particle interactions; DSX ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SCATTERING LOSS; ION-CYCLOTRON; COEFFICIENTS; ENERGY; CHORUS; MODEL; ACCELERATION AB This paper is devoted to the systematic study of electron lifetimes from narrowband wave-particle interactions within the plasmasphere. It relies on a new formulation of the bounce-averaged quasi-linear pitch angle diffusion coefficients parameterized by a single frequency, , and wave normal angle, . We first show that the diffusion coefficients scale with /(ce), where (ce) is the equatorial electron gyrofrequency, and that maximal pitch angle diffusion occurs along the line (0)=/2-, where (0) is the equatorial pitch angle. Lifetimes are computed for L shell values in the range [1.5, 3.5] and energies, E, in the range [0.1, 6] MeV as a function of frequency and wave normal angle. The maximal pitch angle associated with a given lifetime is also given, revealing the frequencies that are able to scatter nearly equatorial pitch angle particles. The lifetimes are relatively independent of frequency and wave normal angle after taking into consideration the scaling law, with a weak dependence on wave normal angle up to 60-70 degrees, increasing to infinity as the wave normal angle approaches the resonance cone. We identify regions in the (L, E) plane in which a single wave type (hiss, VLF transmitters, or lightning-generated waves) is dominant relative to the others. We find that VLF waves dominate the lifetime for 0.2-0.4MeV at L2 and for 0.5-0.8MeV at L1.5, while hiss dominates the lifetime for 2-3MeV at L=3-3.5. The influence of lightning-generated waves is always mixed with the other two and cannot be easily differentiated. Limitations of the method for addressing effects due to restricted latitude or pitch angle domains are also discussed. Finally, for each (L, E) we search for the minimum lifetime and find that the optimal frequency that produces this lifetime increases as L diminishes. Restricting the search to very oblique waves, which could be emitted during the Demonstration and Science Experiments satellite mission, we find that the optimal frequency is always close to 0.16(ce). C1 [Ripoll, J. -F.] CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. [Albert, J. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Cunningham, G. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ripoll, JF (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. EM jean-francois.ripoll@cea.fr OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 FU CEA/DAM; NNSA/DP FX This work was performed under the auspices of an agreement between CEA/DAM and NNSA/DP on cooperation on fundamental science. For further information or right to access to the material used in this paper, readers can contact the authors. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8858 EP 8880 DI 10.1002/2014JA020217 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX2RO UT WOS:000346792100011 ER PT J AU Seal, MD Murphy, NR Lombardi, JP Marciniak, MA AF Seal, M. D. Murphy, N. R. Lombardi, J. P. Marciniak, M. A. TI Selective thermal emission from a patterned metalized plastic SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmons; Nanoimprint; Plastic; Coupled resonant cavities ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; GRATINGS; LIGHT AB A high-throughput hot-embossing and metal-deposition fabrication process based on compact-disc manufacturing has been employed to produce Coupled Resonant Cavity (CRC) structures for directionally and spectrally selective thermal emission at infrared wavelengths. The CRC structures were fabricated by hot embossing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates, over which a layer of aluminum (Al) was deposited to support surface plasmons. The thermal emission behavior of the structures was predicted by Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) of deposited metal profiles determined by the Blech model. It is shown that CRC structures which are initially under-imprinted may be brought to a resonant condition by increasing the metal deposition thickness, which is desirable for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the structures. The primary source of deviation between the modeled and measured results was associated with surface curvature induced in the substrates during the fabrication process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seal, M. D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murphy, N. R.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lombardi, J. P.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marciniak, M. A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seal, MD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.seal@afit.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH FX The research was supported by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 EI 1879-0275 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 67 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.07.028 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA AW9AH UT WOS:000346549700037 ER PT J AU Poggie, J AF Poggie, Jonathan TI Demystifying " Plasma Magic" SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 [Poggie, Jonathan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] AIAA Plasmadynam & Lasers Tech Comm, San Diego, CA USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] AIAA Plasma Aerodyanm Discuss Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AW2KY UT WOS:000346117600011 ER PT J AU Flora, TJ Reeder, MF Lofthouse, A Kraft, N AF Flora, Thomas J. Reeder, Mark F. Lofthouse, Andrew Kraft, Neal TI Dynamic Store Release of Ice Models from a Cavity into Mach 2.9 Flow SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-11, 2013 CL Grapevine, TX SP AIAA AB An investigation was conducted into store separation from a cavity in a Mach 2.94 freestream using both experimental and computational methods. Both approaches used an open cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of 4.5, and for the sake of simplicity, release of a spherical model was analyzed. The experimental process used a piezoresistive pressure transducer to collect the time-varying content of the pressure signal, while schlieren visualization and high-speed photography capture the dynamic response of a store released from the cavity. Computationally, the OVERFLOW solver was applied with higher-order numerical methods, Chimera grids, and the delayed detached-eddy simulation/ shear-stress transport hybrid turbulence model. Tests were performed in a blow downtunnel exhausting to a vacuum, which enabled robust control of the total pressure, and computational conditions were selected to match the experiment. The studies demonstrated that the shock wave formed on the bottom surface of the sphere led to the loss of vertical momentum for the sphere and, subsequently, its ascent back into the cavity for all but the lowest stagnation pressure conditions. Vortex-generating spoiler devices and an Mk-82 ice model were also experimentally tested to determine their effect, and the spoiler increased the vertical displacement of the store during separation, as expected. C1 [Flora, Thomas J.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Naval Air Syst Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reeder, Mark F.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lofthouse, Andrew] US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kraft, Neal] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flora, TJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, New Delhi, India. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1927 EP 1941 DI 10.2514/1.C032459 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AW0KJ UT WOS:000345980800021 ER PT J AU Dalle, DJ Torrez, SM Driscoll, JF Bolender, MA Bowcutt, KG AF Dalle, Derek J. Torrez, Sean M. Driscoll, James F. Bolender, Michael A. Bowcutt, Kevin G. TI Minimum-Fuel Ascent of a Hypersonic Vehicle Using Surrogate Optimization SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AEROSPACE PLANE; REACTING FLOWS; LAUNCH-VEHICLE; PERFORMANCE; SCRAMJET; TRAJECTORIES; MODEL AB A general strategy is identified to compute the minimum fuel required for the ascent of a generic hypersonic vehicle that is propelled by a dual-mode ramjet-scramjet engine with hydrogen fuel. The study addresses the ascent of an accelerator vehicle rather than a high-speed cruiser. Two general types of ascent trajectories are considered: acceleration within scramjet mode, and acceleration across the ramjet-scramjet transition boundary maximum acceleration and maximum dynamic pressure (lowest allowed altitude) were shown to be near optimum for scramjet-mode trajectories, but optimized trajectories were found to be more complex when both modes are considered. The first-principles model used in this paper computes the combustion efficiency using finite-rate chemistry and a fuel-air mixing model. It also computes the inlet efficiency with a shock wave interaction code, and thus avoids empirical formulas for efficiency that were used in previous models. C1 [Dalle, Derek J.; Torrez, Sean M.; Driscoll, James F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bowcutt, Kevin G.] Boeing Co, Boeing Res & Technol, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. RP Dalle, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dalle@umich.edu; smtorrez@umich.edu; jamesfd@umich.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Air Vehicles Directorate grant [FA 8650-07-2-3744]; Michael Bolender as Technical Monitor [88ABW-2013-3890] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Air Vehicles Directorate grant FA 8650-07-2-3744 for the Michigan/AFRL Collaborative Center in Control Sciences, with Michael Bolender as Technical Monitor (case number 88ABW-2013-3890). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1986 DI 10.2514/1.C032617 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AW0KJ UT WOS:000345980800026 ER PT J AU Smith, BW McCarthy, JC Dawley, CA AF Smith, Brent W. McCarthy, Jason C. Dawley, Courtney A. TI Suspect myopathy? Take this approach to the work-up SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; MYOSITIS; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; POLYMYOSITIS; DIAGNOSIS C1 [Smith, Brent W.; McCarthy, Jason C.; Dawley, Courtney A.] Travis AFB Family Med Residency, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Smith, BW (reprint author), Travis AFB Family Med Residency, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM smithb@smithnet.us NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 63 IS 11 BP 631 EP 638 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AW2PR UT WOS:000346131300003 PM 25362491 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Murray-Krezan, J Barton, DA Dennison, JR Gregory, SA AF Ferguson, Dale C. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy Barton, David A. Dennison, J. R. Gregory, Stephen A. TI Feasibility of Detecting Spacecraft Charging and Arcing by Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB More than 50 years after the dawn of the space age, most spacecraft still do not have sensors onboard capable of detecting whether they are at potentials likely to put them at risk of severe charging and the concomitant arcing, or, indeed, even capable of detecting when or if they undergo arcing. As a result, anomaly resolution has often been hit or miss, and false diagnoses are probably common. In this paper, a few remote sensing techniques that could be applied for remotely detecting spacecraft charging and/or arcing, and their feasibility, are examined: surface glows from high-energy electron impact, x-rays from bremsstrahlung, and radio and optical emission from arcs and after arcing. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVBXR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVSV, Adv Res Collaborat & Dev Environm ARCADE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Barton, David A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVBXR, Calibrat & Test Chamber Electron Radiat CaTChER, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Dennison, J. R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Mat Phys Grp, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gregory, Stephen A.] Boeing LTS Inc, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVBXR, 3550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson.1@us.af.mil OI Dennison, JR/0000-0002-5504-3353 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base FX This paper was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base. We acknowledge useful discussions with Mike Bodeau of Northrop-Grumman, Henry Garrett of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Sigrid Close of Stanford. Also, we acknowledge the excellent graduate education provided by the Astronomy Department of the University of Arizona to two of the authors (Ferguson and Gregory). NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1907 EP 1913 DI 10.2514/1.A32958 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AU8QP UT WOS:000345861500013 ER PT J AU Shriver, P Gay, S Gustafson, T Cogburn, C Davis, J Montoya, J Bump, S AF Shriver, Patrick Gay, Shawn Gustafson, Tim Cogburn, Chad Davis, Joel Montoya, Jeremiah Bump, Stephen TI Probabilistic Risk Analysis Methodology on Inadvertent Laser Illumination of Satellite Optical Systems SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BEAM WANDER; TURBULENCE; WEATHER AB As the numbers and applications of laser systems grow worldwide, the potential risks to satellite optical systems from inadvertent ground-based laser operations are a growing cause for concern. Although the hazards from United States Department of Defense laser program operations are mitigated with a formal predictive avoidance process, all satellite owners and operators are implicitly accepting risks from other domestic and foreign lasers. Yet, these risks are generally not well known in space communities. To better understand these risks, a probabilistic risk analysis methodology has been developed to quantify the risks posed to all or a select group of satellite optical payloads by a single laser or classes of laser systems. The methodology uses a MonteCarlo approach to account for factors relating to the chance that a satellite can be illuminated, the probability the optical sensor is looking at the laser, the uncertainties related to atmospheric effects on the beam, and the probability of exceeding the damage-onset threshold for a single pixel of a given detector material. A Poisson process models the risk as a function of the number of laser operations. C1 [Shriver, Patrick; Gay, Shawn; Gustafson, Tim; Cogburn, Chad] Metatech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Davis, Joel; Montoya, Jeremiah] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Syst Engn Solut, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Bump, Stephen] US Air Force, Res Lab, Satellite Assessment Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shriver, P (reprint author), Metatech Corp, 2340 Alamo Ave SE,Suite 300, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); AFRL Satellite Assessment Center (SatAC) branch; High-Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) through the SCHEMA contract FX This effort was originally performed with initial funding provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) leadership under the Space Control Effects Modeling and Assessment (SCHEMA) contract with the AFRL Satellite Assessment Center (SatAC) branch. Continued efforts to further expand and enhance the methodology and its applications are being supported with funding provided by the High-Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) through the SCHEMA contract. The authors would like to thank Richee Damron of the HEL JTO, Michael LaSorda and Ken Miller of the SatAC, and Chris Jones and William Mitchell of Metatech Corporation for their significant support, review, and guidance in this work. The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of Karen Yamamoto of Metatech Corporation for providing substantial help in implementing the beam environment propagation model and Gorden Masten of Metatech Corporation for a useful technical review of the overall approach and methodology. The authors would also like to acknowledge the important contributions of Carmen Smith of the SatAC, Nancy Jaeger of Metatech Corporation, Michael McAuliffe of the AFRL Laser Effects Research Branch, and Tom Nelson and Seethambal Mani of Sandia National Laboratories in providing expertise on optical detector material properties and associated laser-induced damage. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1994 EP 2007 DI 10.2514/1.A32852 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AU8QP UT WOS:000345861500021 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Barlow, DE Pirlo, RK Babson, DM Fitzgerald, LA Zingarelli, S Nadeau, LJ Crookes-Goodson, WJ Russell, JN AF Biffinger, Justin C. Barlow, Daniel E. Pirlo, Russell K. Babson, David M. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Zingarelli, Sandra Nadeau, Lloyd J. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI A direct quantitative agar-plate based assay for analysis of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 degradation of polyurethane films SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas biofilms; Polyurethane; Biodegradation; FTIR spectroscopy; Citrate; Impranil ID POLYESTER-POLYURETHANE; FLUORESCENS; CHLORORAPHIS; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; ENZYME; BIODEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; PATHWAY; LIPASE AB A quantitative assay was developed for the direct measurement of polymer film degradation from bacterial colonies on agar plates. Small (1 mm diameter) colonies of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 (formerly Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5) were used for this work. Interactions between the Pf-5 colonies and thin polyurethane (PU) coatings on ZnSe coupons were evaluated for degradation using infrared spectroscopy. Three different coatings were analyzed and were formed from 1) a colloidal, aqueous - based polyester PU (Impranil (R) DLN); 2) an organic solvent - based polyester PU (Irogran); and 3) an organic solvent - based polyether PU (AS-P108). Over a 24 h time period at 30 degrees C, citrate exposed Pf-5 cultures rapidly degraded Impranil coatings, consistent with analogous zone clearing assays. However, the Irogran and AS-P108 PU's, which are not directly compatible with zone clearing assays, showed no measureable degradation by the coating assay under identical conditions. These results demonstrated the capability to evaluate any variety of polymer formulation as solid films under identical biological conditions. The results also show that rapid microbial degradation of colloidal polyurethanes such as Impranil are not necessarily representative of activity towards other PU materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Barlow, Daniel E.; Pirlo, Russell K.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Russell, John N., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Babson, David M.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Zingarelli, Sandra; Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barlow, DE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.barlow@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.09.005 PN B PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU2SS UT WOS:000345468500004 ER PT J AU Knoerzer, TA Balaich, GJ Miller, HA Iacono, ST AF Knoerzer, Timm A. Balaich, Gary J. Miller, Hannah A. Iacono, Scott T. TI An Integrated Laboratory Approach toward the Preparation of Conductive Poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Upper-Division Undergraduate; Polymer Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Laboratory Instruction; Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives; Chromatography; NMR Spectroscopy; Synthesis; UV-Vis Spectroscopy ID CHEMISTRY AB Poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) represents an important class of conjugated, conducting polymers that have been readily exploited in the preparation of organic electronic materials. In this experiment, students prepare a PPV polymer via a facile multistep synthetic sequence with robust spectroscopic evaluation of synthetic intermediates and the final product. The synthetic sequence could be applied by university instructors as a capstone project for an undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory or as a centerpiece project for either a polymer or integrated laboratory course. The initial synthetic step could be segmented and used as a modular piece in the traditional introductory organic chemistry laboratory. In either case, the resultant PPV polymer is analyzed by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the quantum yield which promotes enhanced student understanding of the photophysical properties of the material. In addition, GPC analysis is completed to reveal the molecular weight and polydispersity of the polymer. Students completing this experiment gain valuable experience in organic/polymer synthesis and structural characterization utilizing GC/MS, GPC, NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as in the mechanistic aspects and practical application of some of the classic transformations in organic chemistry including the S(N)2 reaction, nucleophilic acyl substitution, organometallic chemistry, and Wittig reaction. C1 [Knoerzer, Timm A.; Balaich, Gary J.; Miller, Hannah A.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knoerzer, TA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM timm.knoerzer@usafa.edu; scott.iacono@usafa.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 EI 1938-1328 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1976 EP 1980 DI 10.1021/ed500227m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA AT9ST UT WOS:000345267100037 ER PT J AU Gundecha, P Barbier, G Tang, JL Liu, H AF Gundecha, Pritam Barbier, Geoffrey Tang, Jiliang Liu, Huan TI User Vulnerability and Its Reduction on a Social Networking Site SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATA LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability; social network; privacy ID PERSONALITY; DYNAMICS AB Privacy and security are major concerns for many users of social media. When users share information (e. ., data and photos) with friends, they can make their friends vulnerable to security and privacy breaches with dire consequences. With the continuous expansion of a user's social network, privacy settings alone are often inadequate to protect a user's profile. In this research, we aim to address some critical issues related to privacy protection: (1) How can we measure and assess individual users' vulnerability? (2) With the diversity of one's social network friends, how can one figure out an effective approach to maintaining balance between vulnerability and social utility? In this work, first we present a novel way to define vulnerable friends from an individual user's perspective. User vulnerability is dependent on whether or not the user's friends' privacy settings protect the friend and the individual's network of friends (which includes the user). We show that it is feasible to measure and assess user vulnerability and reduce one's vulnerability without changing the structure of a social networking site. The approach is to unfriend one's most vulnerable friends. However, when such a vulnerable friend is also socially important, unfriending him or her would significantly reduce one's own social status. We formulate this novel problem as vulnerability minimization with social utility constraints. We formally define the optimization problem and provide an approximation algorithm with a proven bound. Finally, we conduct a large-scale evaluation of a new framework using a Facebook dataset. We resort to experiments and observe how much vulnerability an individual user can be decreased by unfriending a vulnerable friend. We compare performance of different unfriending strategies and discuss the security risk of new friend requests. Additionally, by employing different forms of social utility, we confirm that the balance between user vulnerability and social utility can be practically achieved. C1 [Gundecha, Pritam; Tang, Jiliang; Liu, Huan] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Barbier, Geoffrey] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gundecha, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 699 S Mill Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM pritam.gundecha@asu.edu; Barbier@wpafb.af.mil; jiliang.tang@asu.edu; huan.liu@asu.edu FU ARO [025071]; ONR [N000141010091, N000141410095]; AFOSR [FA95500810132]; OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation) [PE0601120D8Z]; SMART Program Office [N00244-09-1-0081] FX This work is supported by grants of ARO (025071), ONR (N000141010091, N000141410095), and AFOSR (FA95500810132). This work was also funded, in part, by OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation), Defense Wide/PE0601120D8Z National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research; SMART Program Office, www.asee.org/fellowships/smart, Grant Number N00244-09-1-0081. The majority of this work was conducted when Geoffrey Barbier was affiliated with the Computer Science Department at Arizona Sate University. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1556-4681 EI 1556-472X J9 ACM T KNOWL DISCOV D JI ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data PD NOV PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR 12 DI 10.1145/2630421 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AT9UK UT WOS:000345271600005 ER PT J AU Bruner, KE Coop, CA White, KM AF Bruner, Karen E. Coop, Christopher A. White, Kevin M. TI Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced aseptic meningitis-not just another sulfa allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRUG ALLERGY; PATIENT; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DIAGNOSIS; INTERLEUKIN-6; ADOLESCENT; BACTERIAL; IL-6 AB Objective: To review the literature on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) -induced aseptic meningitis (TSIAM) and discuss the features, possible mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment options relevant for the allergist. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was performed using the terms aseptic meningitis, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. Study Selections:: Cases were included that fit the case definition of headache, neck pain, or change in mental status with elevated cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count or protein attributable to TMP-SMX or either medication alone. Results: Forty-one patient cases were reviewed. There was a predominance of female patients and patients with autoimmune disease reported. Fever, headache, neck pain, and altered mental status were the most common findings reported in TSIAM reactions. Severe reactions ranged from hypotension to seizure and unconsciousness or coma. Typical cerebrospinal fluid findings included elevated white blood cell count with neutrophil predominance, elevated protein, and normal glucose. Symptoms quickly remitted with withdrawal of TMP-SMX, typically over 48 to 72 hours. Full recovery was typically experienced, although permanent paraplegia was reported in 1 case. The mechanism of reaction is unknown, although an IgE-mediated reaction is unlikely. Many patients experienced multiple TSIAM reactions before the diagnosis was made. Diagnosis can be confirmed with drug challenge or graded test dosing when necessary. Patients with TSIAM subsequently reacted to TMP and SMX alone and therefore should be advised to avoid these 2 classes of medication after diagnosis. Conclusion: TMP-SMX is the most common antibiotic to cause drug-induced aseptic meningitis. By being aware of this reaction, allergists are well poised to diagnose TSIAM and prevent future reoccurrences for the patient. (C) 2014 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bruner, Karen E.; Coop, Christopher A.; White, Kevin M.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bruner, KE (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kbrunerva@gmail.com NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 113 IS 5 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2014.08.006 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA AT4YM UT WOS:000344949200006 PM 25240332 ER PT J AU Pasquale-Styles, MA Crowder, CM Fridie, J Milla, SS AF Pasquale-Styles, Melissa A. Crowder, Christian M. Fridie, Jeannette Milla, Sarah S. TI Bilateral First Rib Anomalous Articulations with Pseudarthroses Mimicking Healing Fractures in an Infant with Abusive Head Injury SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic pathology; forensic anthropology; pediatric radiology; histology; nonunion; rib fracture; pseudarthrosis AB Bilateral symmetric bone nodules were observed in the anterolateral first ribs of an infant with shaking injuries at autopsy. The location prompted diagnostic considerations of healing fractures versus anomalous articulations with pseudarthroses. The forensic pathologist worked with forensic anthropologists and pediatric radiologists to evaluate autopsy findings and compare premortem and postmortem X-rays. Gross examination of the bones by the pathologist and anthropologists confirmed bilateral, callus-like bone nodules in first-rib locations associated with pseudarthroses. Histologic examination of one of the bones further showed features most consistent with pseudarthrosis, not a healing fracture. Radiologists then compared multiple premortem and postmortem radiographs that showed no remodeling of the bone over a 2-week interval between the time of injury and death, which would be unexpected for a healing fracture in an infant. This multidisciplinary approach resulted in the appropriate diagnosis of pseudarthroses due to anomalous articulations, an uncommon finding in forensic pathology. C1 [Pasquale-Styles, Melissa A.] Fulton Cty Med Examiner Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Crowder, Christian M.] Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Dover AFB, DE USA. [Fridie, Jeannette] Off Chief Med Examiner, New York, NY USA. [Milla, Sarah S.] NYU, Dept Radiol, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Pasquale-Styles, MA (reprint author), 430 Pryor St SW, Atlanta, GA 30312 USA. EM pasqualemd@hotmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1671 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12609 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA AT4NI UT WOS:000344915600031 PM 25382601 ER PT J AU Gehl, M Zandbergen, S Gibson, R Bechu, M Nader, N Hendrickson, J Sears, J Keiffer, P Wegener, M Khitrova, G AF Gehl, Michael Zandbergen, Sander Gibson, Ricky Bechu, Muriel Nader, Nima Hendrickson, Joshua Sears, Jasmine Keiffer, Patrick Wegener, Martin Khitrova, Galina TI Spectroscopic studies of resonant coupling of silver optical antenna arrays to a near-surface quantum well SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE metamaterials; semiconductor/metal coupling; transient pump-probe ID PLASMONS; GAIN AB The coupling of radiation emitted on semiconductor inter-band transitions to resonant optical-antenna arrays allows for enhanced light-matter interaction via the Purcell effect. Semiconductor optical gain also potentially allows for loss reduction in metamaterials. Here we extend our previous work on optically pumped individual near-surface InGaAs quantum wells coupled to silver split-ring-resonator arrays to wire and square-antenna arrays. By comparing the transient pump-probe experimental results with the predictions of a simple model, we find that the effective coupling is strongest for the split rings, even though the split rings have the weakest dipole moment. The effect of the latter must thus be overcompensated by a smaller effective mode volume of the split rings. Furthermore, we also present a systematic variation of the pump-pulse energy, which was fixed in our previous experiments. C1 [Gehl, Michael; Zandbergen, Sander; Gibson, Ricky; Nader, Nima; Sears, Jasmine; Keiffer, Patrick; Khitrova, Galina] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bechu, Muriel; Wegener, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, Inst Angew Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Nader, Nima; Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. RP Gehl, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mgehl@optics.arizona.edu RI Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-13-1-0003, 12RY05COR]; National Science Foundation Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics [NSF-AMOP 1205031]; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (ERC-CIAN) [EEC-0812072]; KIT, State of Baden-Wurttemberg; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP); Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program; Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Science Graduate Fellowship (SCGF) [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Funding (TRIF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) [A1.5] FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Dr Gernot Pomrenke, Grant FA9550-13-1-0003), the National Science Foundation Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (NSF-AMOP 1205031) and the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (ERC-CIAN, Award EEC-0812072). We thank KIT, the State of Baden-Wurttemberg, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for support through the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP) and the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) via sub-project A1.5. MG would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program. SZ would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Science Graduate Fellowship (SCGF) made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. JH would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Program Manager-Dr Gernot Pomrenke, Contract 12RY05COR). JS would like to acknowledge the support of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Funding (TRIF). NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 114016 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114016 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT4MX UT WOS:000344914500017 ER PT J AU Poutrina, E Urbas, A AF Poutrina, E. Urbas, A. TI Multipole analysis of unidirectional light scattering from plasmonic dimers SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE scattering; particles; multipole analysis; plasmonics; polarizabilities retrieval ID OPTICAL METAMATERIALS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; EMISSION; ANTENNAS; NANOANTENNAS; DIRECTIVITY; FORCES AB We analyze unidirectional scattering produced by sub-wavelength plasmonic dimers formed by two silver strips separated by a thin dielectric spacer and embedded in a uniform dielectric medium. Achieving the Kerker condition, which requires matching the strengths of the electric and magnetic-type contributions of the same multipolar order, is possible with such structures for both forward and backward unidirectional scattering by matching the geometric shape-leveraged resonant magnetic dipolar response with the off-resonant electric dipolar contribution. However, unidirectionality is strongly affected by coupling between the two elements in the dimer structure, leading to the manifestation of the electric quadrupole response in the far field. We develop an approach allowing for an easy inverse scattering retrieval of various multipole contributions to the far-field pattern produced by this type of geometry. The retrieval shows unambiguously that the electric quadrupole response contributes up to 30% of the scattered far-field intensity, in addition to strong manifestation of both electric and magnetic dipolar modes. A modified condition for unidirectionality can be developed based on the principle that suppression of radiation in either the forward or backward direction can be achieved whenever the combined strength of multipolar modes of a certain parity, radiating along the propagation direction, matches that of an opposite parity, and noting that parities of electric and magnetic modes interchange with increasing multipole order. With this condition satisfied, unidirectionality of 26 dB/17 dB for forward/backward scattering, respectively, can be achieved with dimer geometries. We also perform a detailed quantitative analysis of scattering cross sections of dimer structures compared to those of Si and gold spheres, accounting for the actual material losses. We show that dimer structures allow for improving backscattering unidirectionality by 10 dB compared to what is achievable with Si spheres, owing to their reliance on off-resonant electric dipolar response; they also allow for a significant (below lambda/10) reduction of the size of a unidirectionally scattering nanoelement. C1 [Poutrina, E.; Urbas, A.] Air Force Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poutrina, E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Poutrina, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Labs, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ekaterina.poutrina.ctr.ru@us.af.mil NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 114005 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114005 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT4MX UT WOS:000344914500006 ER PT J AU Pustovit, V Biswas, S Vaia, R Urbas, A AF Pustovit, Vitaliy Biswas, Sushmita Vaia, Richard Urbas, Augustine TI A nanolens-type enhancement in the linear and second harmonic response of a metallic dimer SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE plasmon; nanolens; nanoparticle; Professor Noginov; Professor Drachev ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; GENERATION; SURFACES; GOLD; NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS AB In this paper we explore the linear and second-order nonlinear response of gold nanoparticle pairs (dimers). Despite that even-order nonlinear processes are forbidden in bulk centrosymmetric media like metals, second order nonlinear response exhibits a high degree of sensitivity for spherical nanoparticles where inversion symmetry is broken at the surface. Recent experiments demonstrate significant dependence of linear response and second-harmonic surface nonlinear response arising from the local fundamental field distribution in a dimer configuration. Our calculations are carried out taking into account high order multipolar interactions between metal nanoparticles, and demonstrate that linear and nonlinear optical responses of the dimer exhibit periodic behavior dependent on the separation distance between nanoparticles. This response increases for dimers with a large difference between particle sizes. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy; Biswas, Sushmita; Vaia, Richard; Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pustovit, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vitaliy.pustovit.ctr@us.af.mil FU AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was also supported by AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 114010 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114010 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT4MX UT WOS:000344914500011 ER PT J AU Pustovit, VN Urbas, AM Shahbazyan, TV AF Pustovit, Vitaliy N. Urbas, Augustine M. Shahbazyan, Tigran V. TI Energy transfer in plasmonic systems SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE energy transfer; plasmons; fluorescence ID SINGLE METAL-PARTICLE; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; TRANSFER FRET; QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENCE; SURFACE; MOLECULES; NANOPARTICLES; MICROCAVITY; EMISSION AB We present our results on energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules or quantum dots near a plasmonic nanoparticle. In such systems, the Forster resonance energy transfer is strongly modified due to plasmon-mediated coupling between donors and acceptors. The transfer efficiency is determined by a competition between transfer, radiation and dissipation that depends sensitively on system parameters. When donor and accepror spectral bands overlap with dipole surface plasmon resonance, the dominant transfer mechanism is through plasmon-enhanced radiative coupling. When transfer takes place from an ensemble of donors to an acceptor, a cooperative amplification of energy transfer takes place in a wide range of system parameters. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy N.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shahbazyan, Tigran V.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Pustovit, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shahbazyan@jsums.edu FU NSF Grant [DMR-1206975] FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grant DMR-1206975. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 42 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 114015 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114015 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT4MX UT WOS:000344914500016 ER PT J AU Howell, TG Kuhnell, CP Reitz, TL Eigenbrodt, BC Singh, RN AF Howell, Thomas G. Kuhnell, Cory P. Reitz, Thomas L. Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. Singh, Raj N. TI Sr2-XLaXMgMoO6 and Sr2-XLaXMgNbO6 for Use as Sulfur-Tolerant Anodes Without a Buffer Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; MAGNESIUM-DOPED LAGAO3; ION CONDUCTOR; ELECTROLYTE; PERFORMANCE; SR2MGMOO6-DELTA; DENSITY AB The objective of this effort is to synthesize and characterize a series of lanthanum-(La) doped Sr2MgMoO6 (SMMO) and La-doped Sr2MgNbO6 (SMNO) anode materials which can be used in combination with lanthanum-containing electrolytes to mitigate the effects of lanthanum poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Currently, an La0.4Ce0.6O1.8 (LDC) buffer layer is used with many perovskite-based anode materials to prevent La diffusion into the anode from the La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM) electrolyte which can create a resistive La species that impedes electrochemical performance. The LDC buffer layer, with diminished electronic conductivity, adds an extra level of complexity in the SOFC manufacturing process. Further, this extraneous layer presents an added experimental challenge when assessing anode material performance. Overall electrochemical performance could be improved if the resistive buffer layer could be removed, thereby allowing the anode material to have direct contact with the electrolyte. To accomplish this, a new class of anode materials was synthesized with the goal of balancing La chemical potential between these neighboring materials. La-doped SMMO and SMNO were prepared and studied. It was hypothesized that by incorporating La into the anode, the gradient of chemical activity between the anode and electrolyte would decrease, which would prevent La diffusion. These anode materials were synthesized via a sol-gel methodology and characterized with X-ray diffraction to assess phase purity. The conductivity of the materials was analyzed in the presence of both H-2 and 100ppm H2S/H-2 to determine the stability and performance of these materials during device operation. The stability experiments demonstrated that 40% La-doped SMNO is stable in all pertinent environments while not reacting with the LSGM electrolyte. C1 [Howell, Thomas G.; Kuhnell, Cory P.; Reitz, Thomas L.] US Air Force, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.] Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Singh, Raj N.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA. RP Howell, TG (reprint author), US Air Force, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.howell@ge.com FU Oklahoma State University; National Science Foundation [1233126] FX One of the authors (Singh) acknowledges supports of Oklahoma State University and the National Science Foundation under grant 1233126 for this project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 IS 11 BP 3636 EP 3642 DI 10.1111/jace.13208 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AT2QT UT WOS:000344779900047 ER PT J AU Heman-Ackah, YD Sataloff, RT Laureyns, G Lurie, D Michael, DD Heuer, R Rubin, A Eller, R Chandran, S Abaza, M Lyons, K Divi, V Lott, J Johnson, J Hillenbrand, J AF Heman-Ackah, Yolanda D. Sataloff, Robert T. Laureyns, Griet Lurie, Deborah Michael, Deirdre D. Heuer, Reinhardt Rubin, Adam Eller, Robert Chandran, Swapna Abaza, Mona Lyons, Karen Divi, Venu Lott, Joanna Johnson, Jennifer Hillenbrand, James TI Quantifying the Cepstral Peak Prominence, a Measure of Dysphonia SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article DE Cepstral peak prominence; CPPS; CPP; Voice measure; Objective voice measurement; Dysphonia; Hoarseness ID BREATHY VOCAL QUALITY; CONTINUOUS SPEECH; SUSTAINED VOWELS; VOICE; RELIABILITY; PARAMETERS AB Objective. The purpose of this study is to establish normative values for the smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and its sensitivity and specificity as a measure of dysphonia. Study Design. Prospective cohort study. Methods. Voice samples of running speech were obtained from 835 patients and 50 volunteers. Eight laryngologists and four speech-language pathologists performed perceptual ratings of the voice samples on the degree of dysphonia/normality using an analog scale. The mean of their perceptual ratings was used as the gold standard for the detection of the presence or absence of dysphonia. CPPS was measured using the CPPS algorithm of Hillenbrand, and the cut-off value for positivity that has the highest sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between normal and severely dysphonia voices was determined based on ROC-curve analysis. Results. The cut-off value for normal for CPPS was set at 4.0 or higher, which gave a sensitivity of 92.4%, a specificity of 79%, a positive predictive value of 82.5%, and a negative predictive value of 90.8%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.937 (P < 0.05). Conclusions. CPPS is a good measure of dysphonia, with the normal value of CPPS (Hillenbrand algorithm) of a running speech sample being defined as a value of 4.0 or higher. C1 [Heman-Ackah, Yolanda D.; Sataloff, Robert T.; Lyons, Karen; Divi, Venu] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Laureyns, Griet] Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium. [Laureyns, Griet] Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium. [Lurie, Deborah] St Josephs Hosp, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Michael, Deirdre D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Heuer, Reinhardt] Temple Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Rubin, Adam] Univ Michigan, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Eller, Robert] US Air Force, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Chandran, Swapna] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Abaza, Mona] Univ Colorado, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Lott, Joanna] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Johnson, Jennifer] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Hillenbrand, James] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Heman-Ackah, YD (reprint author), Philadelphia Voice Ctr, 25 Bala Ave,Suite 200, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 USA. EM phillyvoicemd@aol.com OI Michael, Deirdre/0000-0001-7387-1294 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0892-1997 EI 1873-4588 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD NOV PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.005 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA AT5QS UT WOS:000344997700018 PM 25179777 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Huang, Y Wang, GP Wang, JL Fu, ZP Peng, RR Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Sun, Shujie Huang, Yan Wang, Guopeng Wang, Jianlin Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Knize, Randy J. Lu, Yalin TI Nanoscale structural modulation and enhanced room-temperature multiferroic properties SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BOUNDARY; THIN-FILMS; CERAMICS; BI5FETI3O15; SYSTEM; ANTIFERROMAGNETICS; BI4TI3O12-BIFEO3; FERROELECTRICS; BI7FE3TI3O21; ANISOTROPY AB Availability of a single-phase multiferroic material functional at room temperature poses a big challenge, although it is very important to both fundamental physics and application development. Recently, layered Aurivillius oxide materials, one of the most promising candidates, have attracted considerable interest. In this work, we investigated the nanoscale structural evolution of the six-layer Bi7Fe3-xCoxTi3O21 when substituting excessive Co. Nanoscale structural modulation (NSM) occurred at the boundaries when changing the material gradually from the originally designed six-layer nanoscale architecture down to five and then four, when increasing the Co content, inducing a previously unidentified analogous morphotropic transformation (AMT) effect. The AMT's net contribution to the enhanced intrinsic multiferroic properties at room temperature was confirmed by quantifying and deducting the contribution from the existing impurity phase using derivative thermo-magneto-gravimetry measurements (DTMG). Significantly, this new AMT effect may be caused by a possible coupling contribution from co-existing NSM phases, indicating a potential method for realizing multiferroic materials that function at room temperature. C1 [Sun, Shujie; Huang, Yan; Wang, Guopeng; Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peng, RR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM pengrr@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Sun, Shujie/N-1421-2016 OI Sun, Shujie/0000-0001-7079-8378 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51072193]; college of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University; Defence Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0001, HDTRA122221] FX We thank the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (51072193) for financial support. We are grateful to X. Y. Mao and Prof. X. B. Chen (Yangzhou University) and Y. W. Ding (USTC) for discussions of the measurements. S. J. Sun acknowledges fellowship support from the college of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University. The work is also partially supported by the Defence Threat Reduction Agency under grants HDTRA1-10-1-0001 and HDTRA122221. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 22 BP 13494 EP 13500 DI 10.1039/c4nr03542a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT3LQ UT WOS:000344836800026 PM 25147955 ER PT J AU McDaniel, S Hobbs, D MacLeod, B Sabatino, E Berry, P Schepler, K Mitchell, W Cook, G AF McDaniel, Sean Hobbs, Douglas MacLeod, Bruce Sabatino, Ernest Berry, Patrick Schepler, Kenneth Mitchell, William Cook, Gary TI Cr:ZnSe laser incorporating anti-reflection microstructures exhibiting low-loss, damage-resistant lasing at near quantum limit efficiency SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We report demonstration of efficient continuous-wave lasing from chromium-doped zinc selenide using anti-reflection microstructures (ARMs) in place of thin-film AR coatings or Brewster angle cavity geometries. ARM textures are more resistant to laser-induced damage than coatings, exhibit low-loss, wide angular acceptance, broad wavelength effectiveness, and are not susceptible to water absorption. Slope-efficiencies of 68% were achieved, which compares favorably to the thin-film control samples at 58% for the same cavity. ARMs hold promise for near-term power scaling and wavelength agility of transition-metal-ion doped II-VI lasers. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [McDaniel, Sean] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Hobbs, Douglas; MacLeod, Bruce; Sabatino, Ernest] TelAztec LLC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Berry, Patrick; Mitchell, William; Cook, Gary] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schepler, Kenneth] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP McDaniel, S (reprint author), Leidos Inc, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sean.a.mcdaniel@leidos.com OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2225 EP 2232 DI 10.1364/OME.4.002225 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AT5CW UT WOS:000344962100001 ER PT J AU Derriso, MM DeSimio, MP McCurry, CD Kabban, CMS Olson, SE AF Derriso, Mark M. DeSimio, Martin P. McCurry, Charles D. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert Olson, Steven E. TI Industrial Age non-destructive evaluation to Information Age structural health monitoring SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Condition-based maintenance; non-destructive evaluation; structural health monitoring; cognitive architecture ID PROBABILITY AB This article was originally presented as a keynote address at the Ninth International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring with the intent of provoking discussions relating to the transformation of aircraft maintenance practices by exploiting opportunities and benefits offered by Information Age technology and techniques. The US Air Force currently manages its aircraft using a schedule-based maintenance philosophy. This schedule-based approach works well for ensuring aircraft integrity; however, it is very costly, labor-intensive, and reduces aircraft availability. Structural health monitoring systems have the potential to analyze near-real-time and historical weapon systems data to provide a predictive maintenance capability. However, much aerospace structural health monitoring research has focused on in situ structural inspection techniques instead of structural monitoring. Structural inspections typically entail examining key locations of an airframe for material degradation or flaws. These examinations usually occur at predefined time intervals. As such, each inspection is considered an independent evaluation. Conversely, structural monitoring involves continuous condition surveillance of an airframe over an extended period of time. Structural monitoring uses past conditions and expected future conditions for producing a comprehensive understanding of the current health state. A new architecture, Cognitive Architecture for State Exploitation, is introduced as a monitoring technique that combines diagnostic or state (i.e. health) assessments, prognostic assessments, and mission objectives into a common framework to enable goal-based decision making. Results from a laboratory experiment are utilized to demonstrate the application of Cognitive Architecture for State Exploitation and to illustrate the potential to improve effectiveness and efficiency metrics compared to those of the current US Air Force maintenance procedures. C1 [Derriso, Mark M.] Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [DeSimio, Martin P.; Olson, Steven E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [McCurry, Charles D.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH USA. [Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP DeSimio, MP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM martin.desimio@udri.udayton.edu FU AFOSR/RTA [F1ATA03039J001]; USAF [FA8650-11-D-3134, SP0700-03-D-1380] FX The work of C.M.S.K. was supported by the AFOSR/RTA through Grant F1ATA03039J001; the work of M.P.D. and S.E.O. was funded through USAF Contract No. FA8650-11-D-3134; and the work of C.D.M. was funded through USAF Contract No. SP0700-03-D-1380. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 13 IS 6 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1177/1475921714546061 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AT9EQ UT WOS:000345231200003 ER PT J AU McGuire, SA Sherman, PM Wijtenburg, SA Rowland, LM Grogan, PM Sladky, JH Robinson, AY Kochunov, PV AF McGuire, Stephen A. Sherman, Paul M. Wijtenburg, S. Andrea Rowland, Laura M. Grogan, Patrick M. Sladky, John H. Robinson, Andrew Y. Kochunov, Peter V. TI White Matter Hyperintensities and Hypobaric Exposure SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTITUDE U-2 PILOTS; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; BRAIN; MRI; LESIONS; INFLAMMATION; POPULATION; RESERVE; DECLINE AB ObjectiveDemonstrate that occupational exposure to nonhypoxic hypobaria is associated with subcortical white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MethodsEighty-three altitude chamber personnel (PHY), 105 U-2 pilots (U2P), and 148 age- controlled and health-matched doctorate degree controls (DOC) underwent high-resolution MRI. Subcortical WMH burden was quantified as count and volume of subcortical WMH lesions after transformation of images to the Talairach atlas-based stereotactic frame. ResultsSubcortical WMHs were more prevalent in PHY (volume p=0.011/count p=0.019) and U2P (volume p<0.001/count p<0.001) when compared to DOC, whereas PHY were not significantly different than U2P. InterpretationThis study provides strong evidence that nonhypoxic hypobaric exposure may induce subcortical WMHs in a young, healthy population lacking other risk factors for WMHs and adds this occupational exposure to other environmentally related potential causes of WMHs. Ann Neurol 2014;76:719-726 C1 [McGuire, Stephen A.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McGuire, Stephen A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [McGuire, Stephen A.; Grogan, Patrick M.; Sladky, John H.; Robinson, Andrew Y.] Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Sherman, Paul M.] Dept Neuroradiol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Wijtenburg, S. Andrea; Rowland, Laura M.; Kochunov, Peter V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Maryland Psychiat Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP McGuire, SA (reprint author), 59MDW USAFSAM FECN,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM smcguire@satx.rr.com FU US Air Force (US Air Force Surgeon General grants) [I-11-10, I-11-44] FX This research was sponsored by grants from the US Air Force (US Air Force Surgeon General grants I-11-10 and I-11-44; S. A. M.). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-5134 EI 1531-8249 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 IS 5 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1002/ana.24264 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AS9ZE UT WOS:000344596000009 PM 25164539 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, SL Forbes, JA Mistry, AM Krishnamoorthi, H Weaver, S Mathews, L Cheng, JS McGirt, MJ AF Zuckerman, Scott L. Forbes, Jonathan A. Mistry, Akshitkumar M. Krishnamoorthi, Harish Weaver, Sheena Mathews, Letha Cheng, Joseph S. McGirt, Matthew J. TI Electrophysiologic deterioration in surgery for thoracic disc herniation: impact of mean arterial pressures on surgical outcome SO EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Thoracic disc; Somatosensory evoked potentials; Ischemia; Spinal cord; Mean arterial pressure; Neurologic injury ID SPINAL-CORD; PROPOFOL; MANAGEMENT; INDUCTION; KYPHOSIS AB Severe thoracic disc herniation leads to increased pressure in adjacent neural structures, which in turn can require an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to maintain adequate spinal cord perfusion. We report a case series of three patients with severe thoracic disc herniation that experienced deteriorations in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) following induction of general anesthesia, but prior to decompression of the neural elements. In-depth chart reviews were completed for each patient from their initial presentation to long-term post-operative course. Careful attention was taken with regards to MAP at induction of each operative case. The origin of the decreased signals in all patients was thought to relate to inadequate cord perfusion pressures. Two of the patients recovered pre-operative neurologic function while the third was left with mild post-operative paraparesis. Mean arterial pressures at time of deterioration were noted to be 58, 80, and 60 mmHg. These measurements represented MAPs approximately 65, 92, and 60 % those of baseline values, respectively. Based on these experiences, the authors' institution has adopted new guidelines in the setting of thoracic disc herniations that includes pre-operative optimization of volume status, placement of an awake arterial line prior to induction of anesthesia, use of MEP and SSEP electrophysiologic monitoring, careful selection of anesthetic, and aggressive maintenance of MAPs > 110 % of preoperative values at all times prior to decompression of the spinal cord. C1 [Zuckerman, Scott L.; Mistry, Akshitkumar M.; Cheng, Joseph S.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Med Ctr North T4224, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Forbes, Jonathan A.] Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Fairfield, CA USA. [Krishnamoorthi, Harish] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Weaver, Sheena; Mathews, Letha] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Nashville, TN USA. [McGirt, Matthew J.] Charlotte Neurosurg Associates, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Zuckerman, SL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Med Ctr North T4224, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM zuckerman.scott@gmail.com NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6719 EI 1432-0932 J9 EUR SPINE J JI Eur. Spine J. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2279 EP 2290 DI 10.1007/s00586-014-3390-z PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA AS6RC UT WOS:000344389100005 PM 24898311 ER PT J AU Aga, R Jordan, C Aga, RS Bartsch, CM Heckman, EM AF Aga, Roberto, Jr. Jordan, Carly Aga, Rachel S. Bartsch, Carrie M. Heckman, Emily M. TI Metal Electrode Work Function Modification Using Aerosol Jet Printing SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Work function; aerosol jet; electrode ID INDIUM TIN OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; LAYER AB An aerosol jet printer is used to precisely control the deposition in 25 nm increments of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on an oxygen plasma-treated Ni (O-2-Ni) electrode to modify its work function. As revealed by Kelvin probe measurements, the effective work function of the O-2-Ni electrode is dependent on the thickness of the PEDOT: PSS coating. By precisely controlling the coating thickness, the effective work function of metal electrodes in polymer-based photodetectors can be tailored for improved device performance. This is verified by demonstrating a threefold increase in the photoresponse of a polymer-based Schottky barrier infrared photodetector. C1 [Aga, Roberto, Jr.; Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jordan, Carly; Aga, Rachel S.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Aga, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM roberto.aga.ctr.ph@us.af.mil FU National Research Council; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute, Dayton, OH, USA; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA FX The work of R. Aga, Jr. was supported by the National Research Council. The work of C. Jordan and R. S. Aga was supported in part by Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute, Dayton, OH, USA, and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor O. Manasreh. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2355142 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AS9WA UT WOS:000344588100018 ER PT J AU Kinsella, ME AF Kinsella, Mary E. TI DEVELOPING THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB SO JOM LA English DT News Item C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kinsella, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD NOV PY 2014 VL 66 IS 11 BP 2200 EP 2200 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AT0IA UT WOS:000344618900007 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Jirasek, A Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Jirasek, Adam Cummings, Russell M. TI Reduced order unsteady aerodynamic modeling for stability and control analysis using computational fluid dynamics SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Unsteady aerodynamics; Computational fluid dynamics; Reduced order model; Indicial functions; Radial basis functions; Volterra functions ID TURBULENCE MODELS; FLUTTER ANALYSIS; NEURAL NETWORKS; VOLTERRA THEORY; INDICIAL METHOD; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; GENERATION; DOMAIN; TURBOMACHINERY AB Recent advances and challenges in the generation of reduced order aerodynamic models using computational fluid dynamics are presented. The models reviewed are those that can be used for aircraft stability and control analysis and include linear and nonlinear indicial response methods, Volterra theory, radial basis functions, and a surrogate-based recurrence framework. The challenges associated with identification of unknowns for each of the reduced order methods are addressed. A range of test cases, from airfoils to full aircraft, have been used to evaluate and validate the reduced order methods. The motions have different amplitudes and reduced frequencies and could start from different flight conditions including those in the transonic speed range. Overall, these reduced order models help to produce accurate predictions for a wide range of motions, but with the advantage that model predictions require orders of magnitude less time to evaluate once the model is created. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Jirasek, Adam; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu; Adam.jirasek@gmail.com; Russ.Cummings@usafa.edu FU USAFA [FA70001320018] FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi is supported by USAFA under Contract FA70001320018; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements are expressed to the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) for providing computer time. The SACCON and X-31 geometries and experimental data were provided by the NATO RTO Task Group AVT-161 on Assessment of Stability and Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air 82 Sea Vehicles. The authors appreciate the support provided by the High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA. NR 165 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 BP 167 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2014.09.001 PG 51 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS7HC UT WOS:000344426600008 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BD Finomore, VS Calvo, AA Hancock, PA AF Sawyer, Ben D. Finomore, Victor S. Calvo, Andres A. Hancock, P. A. TI Google Glass: A Driver Distraction Cause or Cure? SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE attention; mobile; wearable; SMS; texting ID DRIVING PERFORMANCE; COGNITIVE DOMAINS; MENTAL WORKLOAD; PHONE USE; INTERFERENCE; ATTENTION; MODEL; BACK; TASK AB Objective: We assess the driving distraction potential of texting with Google Glass (Glass), a mobile wearable platform capable of receiving and sending short-message-service and other messaging formats. Background: A known roadway danger, texting while driving has been targeted by legislation and widely banned. Supporters of Glass claim the head-mounted wearable computer is designed to deliver information without concurrent distraction. Existing literature supports the supposition that design decisions incorporated in Glass might facilitate messaging for drivers. Method: We asked drivers in a simulator to drive and use either Glass or a smartphone-based messaging interface, then interrupted them with an emergency brake event. Both the response event and subsequent recovery were analyzed. Results: Glass-delivered messages served to moderate but did not eliminate distracting cognitive demands. A potential passive cost to drivers merely wearing Glass was also observed. Messaging using either device impaired driving as compared to driving without multitasking. Conclusion: Glass in not a panacea as some supporters claim, but it does point the way to design interventions that effect reduced load in multitasking. Application: Discussions of these identified benefits are framed within the potential of new in-vehicle systems that bring both novel forms of distraction and tools for mitigation into the driver's seat. C1 [Sawyer, Ben D.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Finomore, Victor S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Calvo, Andres A.] Ball Aerosp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hancock, P. A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hancock, P. A.] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Sawyer, BD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane,Psychol Bldg,Ste 320, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM sawyer@inhumanfactors.com NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 35 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD NOV PY 2014 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1307 EP 1321 DI 10.1177/0018720814555723 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AS6TH UT WOS:000344394600009 PM 25490810 ER PT J AU Dogan, A Blake, W AF Dogan, Atilla Blake, William TI Maneuverability of Large Receiver of Different Size and Weight in Aerial Refueling SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; VEHICLE; SENSOR AB This work evaluates the ability of a large receiver aircraft with two different sizes and three different mass configurations to maneuver and maintain contact position behind a KC-135 tanker in the presence of prevailing wind and atmospheric turbulence. A linear quadratic regulator controller is designed for trajectory tracking of the receiver aircraft relative to the tanker. The flight tracks followed in simulation by each aircraft are taken from 2004 testing of a Learjet behind a KC-135 that was part of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Automated Aerial Refueling program and includes significant winds at altitude. The simulation also includes the aerodynamic coupling between the aircraft through the trailing and bound vortices of each aircraft as well as their volumes (bow wave effect for the tanker). C1 [Dogan, Atilla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dogan, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate; Summer Faculty Researcher FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, for this research. Atilla Dogan was supported as a Summer Faculty Researcher from 2008 to 2012 when various phases of this research were conducted. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1880 EP 1896 DI 10.2514/1.G000044 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AR9UP UT WOS:000343924400011 ER PT J AU Flores-Abad, A Wei, Z Ma, O Pham, K AF Flores-Abad, Angel Wei, Zheng Ma, Ou Khanh Pham TI Optimal Control of Space Robots for Capturing a Tumbling Object with Uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MINIMIZATION C1 [Flores-Abad, Angel; Ma, Ou] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wei, Zheng] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Math, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores-Abad, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Mechatron Dept, Ciudad Juarez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico. EM anflores@uacj.mx; weizheng@nmsu.edu; oma@nmsu.edu; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9453-11-1-0307] FX This material is based on a research project sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under agreement number FA9453-11-1-0307. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements of the AFRL. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2014 EP 2017 DI 10.2514/1.G000003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AR9UP UT WOS:000343924400020 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Clark, JP AF Davis, Roger L. Clark, John P. TI Geometry-Grid Generation for Three-Dimensional Multidisciplinary Simulations in Multistage Turbomachinery SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB A procedure is presented for automated and fast geometry-grid generation of three-dimensional, multistage, axial turbomachinery for multidisciplinary simulations involving fluid-thermal, fluid-structural, or fluid-thermal-structural interaction. The procedure rapidly generates geometry for solid airfoils and endwalls, thermal barrier coatings, heat transfer pedestals, cooling plenums, cooling flow control tubes, and interblade row endwall leakage slots as well as the computational grids for these components automatically based on prescribed input parameters. The computational grids that are generated in general consist of multiblock, point-matched structured grids. For the cooling flow control tubes, heat transfer pedestals, and interblade row leakage slots, the computational grids are embedded, multiblock, overset grids to allow for arbitrary placement to allow optimization without the need for regridding the entire domain. The techniques used to construct the geometry and various computational grids are described. Demonstration of the procedure is provided for a one-and-a-half stage film-cooled turbine and a single-stage compressor. The geometry parameterization, as well as the automated geometry and grid topology construction, makes this a unique and rapid approach for multidisciplinary grid generation of multistage turbomachinery configurations during design optimization. C1 [Davis, Roger L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clark, John P.] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM davisrl@ucdavis.edu; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [11-S590-0020-18-C1 R2] FX The first author would like to thank the managers at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for their partial support of this effort under contract no. 11-S590-0020-18-C1 R2, the managers of Intelligent Light for an academic grant license of the Fieldview visualization software, and managers of Rocketdyne for donation of computers used in the development and demonstration of this procedure. Finally, the first author would like to thank John F. Dannenhoffer III for his helpful discussions during the course of this effort. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1509 DI 10.2514/1.B35168 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000008 ER PT J AU Rouser, KP King, PI Schauer, FR Sondergaard, R Hoke, JL Goss, LP AF Rouser, Kurt P. King, Paul I. Schauer, Frederick R. Sondergaard, Rolf Hoke, John L. Goss, Larry P. TI Time-Resolved Flow Properties in a Turbine Driven by Pulsed Detonations SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ENGINES AB Theoretically, pressure-gain combustion like that of a pulsed-detonation combustor allows heat addition with reduced entropy loss compared to a typical steady deflagration combustor. The pulsed-detonation combustor is inherently unsteady, and time-resolved measurements are required to identify unsteady flow processes at the turbine inlet and exit. In this study, the radial turbine of a Garrett automotive turbocharger was coupled directly to and driven, full admission, by a pulsed-detonation combustor fueled by hydrogen or ethylene. Full-cycle time-resolved turbine inlet and exit pressures were obtained from pressure transducers mounted to wall static pressure ports. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used to obtain full-cycle time-resolved turbine inlet and exit temperatures and velocities. Optical access permitted the use of high-speed video for particle streak velocimetry to obtain time-resolved turbine inlet velocities during blowdown with a 20 Hz ethylene-fueled pulsed-detonation combustor with 0.9 fueled fraction and 0.5 purge fraction. A comparison of laser-based and video-based measurements was made for the blowdown portion of the pulsed-detonation combustor cycle. First-ever full-cycle time histories of turbine inlet and exit velocities, total temperature, total pressure, mass flow, and total enthalpy rate revealed reflected pressure waves and showed momentary reverse flow, and thus unsteady accumulation and expulsion of mass and enthalpy. C1 [Rouser, Kurt P.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, DFAN, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [King, Paul I.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schauer, Frederick R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, RQTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, RQTT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoke, John L.; Goss, Larry P.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Rouser, KP (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, DFAN, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors thank the Detonation Engine Research Facility team for technical and fabrication support that made this research possible, especially Chris Stevens, Andy Naples, Curtis Rice, David Burris, and Justin Goffena. Special thanks are due to Drew Caswell for laser instrumentation support. Appreciation is also expressed for Air Force Research Laboratory technical leadership from Robert Hancock, Joseph Zelina, and Charles Stevens. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1536 DI 10.2514/1.B34966 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000011 ER PT J AU Crow, AJ Boyd, ID Brown, MS Liu, JW AF Crow, Andrew J. Boyd, Iain D. Brown, Michael S. Liu, Jiwen TI Thermal Radiative Simulations and Measurements of a Scramjet Test Rig SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID K-DISTRIBUTIONS; NARROW-BAND; DATABASE; ENCLOSURES; MEDIA AB Thermal radiation is a poorly understood process in scramjet engines, but it may play a significant role in the flow and wall heating of the combustion chamber. However, current simulation methods for predicting the thermal radiation in a flight scramjet combustion chamber have yet to be validated with experiments. An experimental measurement apparatus is placed at the rear exit of the HIFiRE 2 direct-connect rig at NASA's Langley Research Center. An array of photodetectors gather emission in the infrared along several lines of sight across the combustor exit. The fields of view are simulated using a ray-tracing-method program that postprocesses a computational fluid dynamics flowfield simulation of the test rig. The ray-tracing program employs a simplified two-point correlated-k spectral model with spectral model error bars. The predictions show an overlap in sensor and experimental predictions for 13 of 16 photodetectors. C1 [Crow, Andrew J.; Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Michael S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Jiwen] Taitech Inc, Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crow, AJ (reprint author), CRAFT Tech Inc, Grand Rapids, MI 46512 USA. EM acrow@craft-tech.com; iainboyd@umich.edu; michael.brown@wpafb.af.mil; jiwen.liu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) [NA28614]; Advanced Propulsion Test Technology; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) under award number NA28614. The experimental work was supported in part by Advanced Propulsion Test Technology (Ed Tucker, Executing Agent) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (John Schmisseur, Program Manager). This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.2514/1.B35207 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000013 ER PT J AU Kirik, JW Goyne, CP Peltier, SJ Carter, CD Hagenmaier, MA AF Kirik, Justin W. Goyne, Christopher P. Peltier, Scott J. Carter, Campbell D. Hagenmaier, Mark A. TI Velocimetry Measurements of a Scramjet Cavity Flameholder with Inlet Distortion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; COMBUSTION; MOTION AB Particle image velocimetry measurements were made along the center plane of a scramjet cavity flameholder to analyze simulated inlet flow distortion in the direct-connect test environment. Mach 3 nonreacting tests examined an oblique shock impinging upon locations in-and upstream of the cavity, including cases with wall-normal air injection upstream of the cavity to simulate fuel injection. Addition of flow distortion altered the size and shape of the primary recirculation region within the cavity by deflecting the bounding shear layer: the recirculation region was compressed by shock impingement upstream of the cavity, and shock impingement on the cavity itself expanded it. Air injection upstream of the cavity thickened the shear layer and produced a stronger effect on velocity direction than magnitude, preventing the formation of a large-scale recirculation region in two of the three shock locations studied. Flow distortion and upstream air injection both increased flow unsteadiness, with the greatest increases occurring in the shear layer and above the cavity closeout ramp. Additionally, results suggest the formation of spanwise secondary flow patterns that may account for flow nonuniformities observed in prior studies. This work presents the first velocimetry characterization of a scramjet cavity flameholder under distorted-flow conditions. C1 [Kirik, Justin W.; Goyne, Christopher P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Peltier, Scott J.; Carter, Campbell D.; Hagenmaier, Mark A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kirik, JW (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 400248, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. OI Kirik, Justin/0000-0001-8036-7993 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a]; Virginia Space Grant Consortium Graduate Research Fellowship; National Center for Hypersonic Combined Cycle Propulsion [FA 9550-09-1-0611] FX This work was funded through the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. This research was conducted with Government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a, as well as the Virginia Space Grant Consortium Graduate Research Fellowship. Additional personnel support was sponsored by the National Center for Hypersonic Combined Cycle Propulsion grant FA 9550-09-1-0611. The technical monitors on the grant are Chiping Li (AFOSR), and Aaron Auslender and Rick Gaffney (NASA). The scientific input and operational assistance of Kuang-Yu Hsu and Timothy Ombrello were greatly appreciated, as was the facility support of William Terry and David Schommer. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the efforts of numerous other U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate personnel, and in particular, those affiliated with the Component Air Research Facility. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1576 DI 10.2514/1.B35195 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000016 ER PT J AU Hutchins, KE Akella, MR Clemens, NT Donbar, JM Gogineni, S AF Hutchins, Kelley E. Akella, Maruthi R. Clemens, Noel T. Donbar, Jeffrey M. Gogineni, Sivaram TI Experimental Identification of Transient Dynamics for Supersonic Inlet Unstart SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ISOLATOR AB Successful realization of dual-mode scramjet engines will require closed-loop control schemes to eliminate the occurrence of inlet unstart. A nimportant step toward this goal is the development of dynamic models for shock system motion inside the inlet isolator under varying flow conditions. In this paper, shock motion models are developed based on fast-response pressure measurements made along the wall of the isolator (straight channel) downstream of a Mach 1.8 nozzle. The shock system can be perturbed by changing the stagnation pressure with an upstream valve and/or by changing the backpressure with a downstream flap. In particular, the shock's transient dynamics are modeled, which govern the unstart process and are induced by changing pressure-boundary conditions, by employing system identification techniques. The result is a partially nonlinear dynamic model that reveals the possibility of partitioning the nonlinear behavior from the linear dynamics with relative ease. A second dynamic model is then generated, where the nonlinear portion has been prespecified, leaving only the linear portion to be determined by system identification. The modeling and identification process specific to the experimental unstart data used are discussed and successful models are presented for both the full system identification and the partitioned model cases. C1 [Hutchins, Kelley E.; Akella, Maruthi R.; Clemens, Noel T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Donbar, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Hyperson Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gogineni, Sivaram] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Hutchins, KE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, 1 Univ Stn C0600, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research Program through a Phase II award; Spectral Energies, Inc.; AFRL Propulsion Directorate Summer Research Fellowship Program FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research Program through a Phase II award with prime contractor Spectral Energies, Inc. Additional support was provided through the AFRL Propulsion Directorate Summer Research Fellowship Program. Special thanks to both Jonathan Ashley and Jonathan Retter for their extensive efforts modifying and operating the wind-tunnel facility used to collect the data presented in this paper. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1612 DI 10.2514/1.B35230 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000020 ER PT J AU Olinger, DS Sallam, KA Lin, KC Carter, CD AF Olinger, D. S. Sallam, K. A. Lin, K. -C. Carter, C. D. TI Digital Holographic Analysis of the Near Field of Aerated-Liquid Jets in Crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY BREAKUP; AIR-FLOW; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIAGNOSTICS; ATOMIZATION; SURFACE; SPRAYS AB Inline digital holographic microscopy is used to study the rapidly developing region near the injector of several sprays in subsonic crossflow. Pure liquid jets are compared to aerated-liquid jets for crossflow Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.6. Gas-to-liquid ratios of 0, 4, and 8% with a fixed momentum flux ratio (based on liquid flow rate) of 10 are investigated. Three-dimensional representations of the present test cases of aerated injection in crossflow are produced for the first time for the rapidly developing near-injector region (15-25 injector diameters downstream) owing to the capability of holographic diagnostics in probing nonspherical droplets typical of those present in this region. The results are also presented for the stable far-field region of the injector (at 50 and 100 injector diameters downstream). The results include droplet equivalent-diameter distributions, Sauter mean diameter distributions, and droplet velocities. C1 [Olinger, D. S.; Sallam, K. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lin, K. -C.] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. [Carter, C. D.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sallam, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM sallam@okstate.edu FU NASA Oklahoma Space Grant; National Science Foundation [EPS-0132534]; Air Force Summer Research Fellowship Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Support for D. S. Olinger from the NASA Oklahoma Space Grant is gratefully acknowledged. Initial developments of the experimental methods were sponsored by the National Science Foundation, grant no. EPS-0132534 (Oklahoma-Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research). Work at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory was supported by the Air Force Summer Research Fellowship Program and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1636 EP 1645 DI 10.2514/1.B34984 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000024 ER PT J AU Miller, SW Prince, BD Bemish, RJ Rovey, JL AF Miller, Shawn W. Prince, Benjamin D. Bemish, Raymond J. Rovey, Joshua L. TI Electrospray of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Dicyanamide Under Variable Flow Rate Operations SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; TAYLOR CONES; EVAPORATION; MODE AB The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Bmim][DCA]) is a propellant candidate for a standalone electrospray thruster or a dual-mode propulsion system. Characterization of positive polarity ions produced by [Bmim][ DCA] capillary emitters with a nominal extraction voltage of 2.0 kV is presented, followed by predictions of propulsion performance. Flow rates from 0.27 to 2.18 nL/s are used to investigate the impact variations in the flow parameter have on the electrospray plume. Measurements indicate the presence of Bmim ([Bmim][DCA])(n)(+) (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) cation species plus droplet contributions. At 0.27 nL/s, the n = 1 species dominates the mass spectrum contributing 56.5% of the total intensity, while at 2.18 nL/s, the dominant species is n = 4, comprising 40.7%. Based on the retarding potential analysis, ions emitted from the capillary are formed below the emitter potential of 500 eV. Angular distributions indicate the broadening of both the beam current and mass distribution for increasing flow rates. As the flow rate increases from 0.30 to 2.18 nL/s, derived thrust and specific impulse change from 0.84 mu N and 200 s to 2.90 mu N and 80 s, respectively. C1 [Miller, Shawn W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Prince, Benjamin D.; Bemish, Raymond J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Rovey, Joshua L.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Miller, SW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 160 Toomey Hall,400 West 13th Street, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303EP02, 13RV07COR] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under task number 2303EP02 (Program Manager: M. Berman) and number 13RV07COR (Program Manager: A. Sayir). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1701 EP 1710 DI 10.2514/1.B35170 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AS2ZM UT WOS:000344145000031 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Qian, J Song, HJ Pant, K Yang, HQ Li, X Grismer, MJ Camberos, JA Fahroo, F AF Wang, Yi Qian, Jing Song, Hongjun Pant, Kapil Yang, H. Q. Li, Xiang Grismer, Matthew J. Camberos, Jos A. Fahroo, Fariba TI Feature extraction from massive, dynamic computational data based on proper orthogonal decomposition and feature mining SO JOURNAL OF VISUALIZATION LA English DT Article DE Massive data; Proper orthogonal decomposition; Flow feature; Data mining ID FLOW VISUALIZATION AB Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been widely used to extract dominant modes and structures from massive dynamic computational data to improve the understanding and discovery of the phenomena as well as to guide experimental design and control. This paper presents a framework and data mining technique that directly identifies the region of interest (ROI) from the POD modes and determines relevant feature for targeted visualization and learning. Two key elements in the procedure are described, including (1) POD to reduce data dimensions and to decouple the time-averaged and time-varying flow structures in high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data with non-uniform grids, and (2) feature mining, including clustering-based data mining and filtering to detect both mean and unsteady flow features in the ROI. The rationale and benefits of our POD-compatible feature detection for fast scalable feature extraction are discussed. Case studies of vortex extraction are undertaken to validate the present approach. The POD accurately captures the characteristic flow structures and provides useful insight into the underlying flow phenomena. The feature mining module is capable of identifying key features in the ROI (3-10 % of the original data) for focused visualization, discovery, and learning. C1 [Wang, Yi; Qian, Jing; Song, Hongjun; Pant, Kapil; Yang, H. Q.] CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Li, Xiang] Univ Alabama, Informat Technol & Syst Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Grismer, Matthew J.; Camberos, Jos A.] Air Force Res Lab, Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Fahroo, Fariba] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), CFD Res Corp, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM yxw@cfdrc.com FU DoD/AFOSR [FA9550-12-C-0049] FX This research was sponsored by DoD/AFOSR under the contract number FA9550-12-C-0049. This article was cleared for public release by the 88th Air Base Wing at Wright-Patterson AFB, case number 88ABW-2013-0233. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1343-8875 EI 1875-8975 J9 J VISUAL-JAPAN JI J. Vis. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s12650-014-0214-5 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AS2AZ UT WOS:000344082700011 ER PT J AU Flaherty, W Reedy, TM Elliott, GS Austin, JM Schmit, RF Crafton, J AF Flaherty, W. Reedy, Todd M. Elliott, Gregory S. Austin, J. M. Schmit, Ryan F. Crafton, J. TI Investigation of Cavity Flow Using Fast-Response Pressure-Sensitive Paint SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-LAYER; OSCILLATIONS; SUPPRESSION AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the pressure fluctuations on the entire sidewall of a rectangular cavity with an L/D of 5.67 using fast-response pressure-sensitive paint. Additionally, the performance of four different passive flow-control devices was quantified. Experiments were conducted in the Trisonic Gasdynamics Facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Mach 0.7 and 1.5. The frequency spectrum ( including Rossiter tones) and sound pressure levels obtained from the pressure-sensitive paint measurements are validated against data taken with conventional dynamic pressure sensors. The complex flow phenomena over the cavity wall were visualized, and full-wall pressure spectra were calculated. The rod in crossflow showed the best peak suppression, followed closely by the flat spoiler. The large triangular steps showed moderate peak suppression, whereas the ridges did not suppress the peaks at all. High-resolution measurements of both temporal and spatial pressure fluctuations on the wall allowed for the visualization of sound pressure level distribution over the entire cavity wall. This revealed a strong dependence between the Rossiter tone modes and the spatial distribution of sound pressure levels that was not possible to resolve with traditional discrete pressure transducers. C1 [Flaherty, W.; Reedy, Todd M.; Elliott, Gregory S.; Austin, J. M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Schmit, Ryan F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crafton, J.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Flaherty, W (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) for supporting this research as part of a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research program with Ryan Schmit and Heidi Wilken as technical monitors. Additionally, we would like to thank the facility personnel at the Trisonic Gasdynamics Facility. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited (case 88ABW-2012-6449). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2462 EP 2470 DI 10.2514/1.J052864 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AR8AX UT WOS:000343799000008 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Liu, K Liu, X Yung, KY Bartsch, CM Heckman, EM Bright, FV Swihart, MT Cartwright, AN AF Zhou, Bin Liu, Ke Liu, Xin Yung, Ka Yi Bartsch, Carrie M. Heckman, Emily M. Bright, Frank V. Swihart, Mark T. Cartwright, Alexander N. TI Enhanced Performance from a Hybrid Quenchometric Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Silica Xerogel Gaseous Oxygen Sensing Platform SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Deoxyribonucleic acid cetyltrimethylammonium; DNA-CTMA; Biomaterials; Oxygen sensor; Lifetime; Photoluminescence ID QUENCHING BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX; SENSOR; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; BIOPOLYMER; EFFICIENCY; PHOTONICS; EMISSION; POLYMERS AB A complex of salmon milt deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) forms an organic-soluble biomaterial that can be readily incorporated within an organically modified silane-based xerogel. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity and excited-state luminescence lifetime of tris(4,7'-dipheny1-1,10'-phenanathroline) ruthenium(II) [(Ru(dPP)(3)](2+), a common O-2 responsive luminophore, increases in the presence of DNA-CTMA within the xerogel. The increase in the [Ru(dpp)(3)](2+)excited-state lifetime in the presence of DNA-CTMA arises from DNA intercalation that attenuates one or more nonradiative processes, leading to an increase in the [Ru(dpp)(3)](2+) excited-state lifetime. Prospects for the use of these materials in an oxygen sensor are demonstrated. C1 [Zhou, Bin] KLA Tencor Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Liu, Ke; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Liu, Xin; Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Yung, Ka Yi; Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhou, B (reprint author), KLA Tencor Corp, 1 Technol Dr, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. EM binzhou@buffalo.edu RI Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008; Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008; OI Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X; Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 FU BerrieHill Research Corporation (BRC) - Air Force Laboratory at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base; National Science Foundation [CHE-0848171] FX This research is supported by a grant from BerrieHill Research Corporation (BRC) under a program funded by the Air Force Laboratory at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0848171. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base and National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1302 EP 1305 DI 10.1366/13-07430 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA AR7YT UT WOS:000343793600014 PM 25280266 ER PT J AU Holmes, A Coviello, J Velagaleti, G AF Holmes, Allen Coviello, Jean Velagaleti, Gopalrao TI Acute multilineage (B/myeloid) leukemia with RUNX1 duplication/amplification and hypereosinophilia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AML; leukemia; RUNX1; hematopathology; cytogenetics ID LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; AML1 GENE; AMPLIFICATION; DUPLICATION AB A 14-year-old girl presented with myalgias and decreased energy and was found to have a white count of 73000 with 75% eosinophils. Flow cytometry and immunostains showed the blasts in the bone marrow expressed both myeloid and lymphoid markers. Patient was diagnosed with acute multilineage (B/Myeloid) leukemia. Genetic testing revealed four copies of the RUNX1 gene region in 25.5%, with a normal karyotype and no evidence of t(8;21) or t(12;21) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RUNX1 translocations and amplifications have been implicated in acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and MDS, but have not yet been seen with acute multilineage leukemia. Additionally, it is unclear what the risk stratification of this unique presentation will turn out to be. C1 [Holmes, Allen; Coviello, Jean] USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Velagaleti, Gopalrao] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Holmes, A (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Serv, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM allen.r.holmes2.mil@mail.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0902-4441 EI 1600-0609 J9 EUR J HAEMATOL JI Eur. J. Haematol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 93 IS 5 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1111/ejh.12333 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA AS0MI UT WOS:000343970700013 PM 24912843 ER PT J AU Shade, AM Wajdowicz, MN Bailey, CW Vandewalle, KS AF Shade, A. M. Wajdowicz, M. N. Bailey, C. W. Vandewalle, K. S. TI The Effect of Simplified Adhesives on the Bond Strength to Dentin of Dual-cure Resin Cements SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLIFIED-STEP ADHESIVES; OXYGEN INHIBITION; SINGLE-BOTTLE; ETCH ADHESIVE; COMPOSITES; INCOMPATIBILITY; POLYMERIZATION; SYSTEMS AB The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths to dentin of two dual-cure resin cements, one with a unique initiator, NX3 (Kerr Corp), and the other with a traditional redox-initiator system, Calibra (Dentsply), when used in combination with simplified or nonsimplified adhesive agents. The two dual-cure resin cements, in either self-or dual-cure activation modes, were bonded to human dentin with four dental adhesives to create 16 subgroups of 10 specimens each. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, the specimens were tested in shear in a universal testing machine. With both NX3 and Calibra, bond strengths significantly increased when the specimens were dual cured. In addition, with either cement in either mode, the nonsimplified adhesives performed significantly better than did the simplified adhesive bonding agents. When used specifically with simplified adhesives in either cure mode, NX3 did not produce significantly higher bond strengths than did Calibra. In general, lower dentin bond strengths were found with simplified adhesives or self-cure activation with either resin cement. C1 [Shade, A. M.; Wajdowicz, M. N.; Bailey, C. W.; Vandewalle, K. S.] Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Vandewalle, K. S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Joint Base San Antonio, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 EI 1559-2863 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.2341/13-319-L PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA AR7ZH UT WOS:000343795000011 PM 24807814 ER PT J AU Hall, CA Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR Pitz, RW AF Hall, Carl A. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Gord, James R. Pitz, Robert W. TI Quantitative atomic hydrogen measurements in premixed hydrogen tubular flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen atom; Femtosecond two-photon LIF; Raman spectroscopy; Premixed tubular flame ID PICOSECOND EXCITATION; INTERFERENCE-FREE; LIF; COUNTERFLOW; SYSTEMS AB Quantitative measurements of atomic hydrogen are reported in laminar premixed tubular flames using femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence. The H-atom fluorescence is corrected for collisional quenching by using local values of major-species concentrations and temperature measured by spontaneous Raman scattering. Lean hydrogen flames are sustained with two different diluents (N-2, CO2) to investigate low-Lewis number flames under high curvature. When compared to planar stretched flames, the curved tubular flames enhance the H-atom concentration and temperature through increased preferential diffusion. Peak H-atom number densities on the order of 10(15) per cm(3) are measured, and absolute H-atom profiles show differences up to 40% in peak number density and flame radial position when compared to the pseudo one-dimensional flame model with detailed chemistry and transport. Although the overall agreement in absolute H-atom profiles is "good" considering the relative uncertainties in the model and experiment, the differences suggest the ability for this flame geometry to provide evidence for revision of molecular transport and chemical kinetic modeling in flames with substantial preferential diffusion. Peak absolute H-atom concentrations vary up to 30% depending on the assumed temperature dependency for the collisional quenching factors pointing to the need for high-temperature data for H-atom collisional quenching. Relative H-atom profiles in the flames are minimally affected by the collisional quenching. (c) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hall, Carl A.; Pitz, Robert W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, CA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 1592 Stn B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM carl.a.hall@vanderbilt.edu RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1134268]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant CBET-1134268, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager), and the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. We gratefully thank Dr. Sukesh Roy (Spectral Energies, LLC) for invaluable feedback during the measurement campaign and manuscript preparation, as well as Prof. Peiyong Wang (Xiamen University, China) and Allan Regis (Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, USA) for helpful discussions on the OPPDIF and Chemkin simulation codes. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2014 VL 161 IS 11 BP 2924 EP 2932 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.05.015 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AR1YH UT WOS:000343380000016 ER PT J AU Mastroianni, GR AF Mastroianni, George R. TI Beyond the Banality of Evil: Criminology and Genocide SO CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Mastroianni, George R.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mastroianni, GR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM George.Mastroianni@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1205-8629 EI 1572-9877 J9 CRIT CRIMINOL-NETH JI Crit. Criminol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 595 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s10612-014-9232-9 PG 3 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA AQ9YC UT WOS:000343214300009 ER PT J AU Yi, H Tipton, J Kihm, KD Pratt, DM Swanson, AD Rawal, S AF Yi, H. Tipton, J. Kihm, K. D. Pratt, D. M. Swanson, A. D. Rawal, S. TI Effect of disjoining pressure (Pi) on multi-scale modeling for evaporative liquid metal (Na) capillary SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Liquid metal (sodium); Evaporative thin film; Capillary meniscus; Disjoining pressure; Electronic degeneration; Work function ID HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; EXTENDED MENISCUS; INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS; THERMOCAPILLARY FLOW; MOLTEN-METAL; PHASE-CHANGE; FILMS; SUBSTRATE; FORCES; SODIUM AB This work presents a new multiscale model of an evaporating liquid metal capillary meniscus under nonequilibrium evaporation sustaining a nonisothermal interface. The primary investigation is elaborated on to examine the critical role of the disjoining pressure, which consists of both the traditional van der Waals component and a new electronic pressure component, for the case of liquid metals. The fully extended dispersion force is modeled along with an electronic disjoining pressure component that is unique to liquid metals attributing to their abundant free electrons. For liquid sodium (Na), as a favorable coolant for high temperature two-phase devices, the extended meniscus thin film model (sub-microscale) is coupled to a CFD model of the evaporating bulk meniscus (sub-millimeter scale). Two extreme cases are compared, i.e. with or without incorporation of the electronic disjoining pressure component. It is shown that the existence of electronic component of the disjoining pressure leads towards larger total capillary meniscus surface areas and larger net evaporative mass flow rates. Furthermore, the net evaporative mass flux in the bulk meniscus region is needed to be accounted for to obtain a true picture of the total capillary evaporation transport. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yi, H.; Tipton, J.; Kihm, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, D. M.; Swanson, A. D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rawal, S.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO 80201 USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kkihm@utk.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 78 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.042 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AP7HO UT WOS:000342248600017 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Mahaffey, DW Semiatin, SL Woodward, C AF Senkov, Oleg N. Mahaffey, David W. Semiatin, S. Lee Woodward, Christopher TI Inertia Friction Welding of Dissimilar Superalloys Mar-M247 and LSHR SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; IN718; BEHAVIOR; ENGINE AB The solid state inertia friction welding (IFW) process was used for the first time to join two dissimilar Ni-based superalloys, LSHR, a powder metallurgy alloy, and Mar-M247, a directionally solidified alloy. Extensive studies of the microstructure, phase composition, re-distribution of the alloying elements between the welded alloys, microhardness, and welding defects were conducted at different distances from the weld interface, and the results were correlated with the loading and friction conditions during IFW. Possible reasons leading to the formation of the welding defects were discussed and directions for the further improvement of the quality of the IFW of these two dissimilar alloys were outlined. C1 [Senkov, Oleg N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Senkov, Oleg N.; Mahaffey, David W.; Semiatin, S. Lee; Woodward, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Inertia friction welding was conducted at the Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, Ohio. The authors thank Mr. D. Workman (EWI) for technical help. Discussions and valuable comments from Dr. S.S. Babu are greatly appreciated. ONS acknowledges financial support through the Air Force on-site contract FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, OH. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 45A IS 12 BP 5545 EP 5561 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2512-x PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AQ0AI UT WOS:000342443200029 ER PT J AU Warner, JJ Clark, PN Hoeppner, DW AF Warner, Jacob John Clark, Paul N. Hoeppner, David W. TI Cold expansion effects on cracked fastener holes under constant amplitude and spectrum loading in the 2024-T351 aluminum alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Cold expansion; Cold working; Fatigue crack growth; Fatigue load spectra; Life prediction AB The increased number of aging aircraft in operation today requires a deeper understanding of fatigue life improvement methods. This research focused on the fatigue life benefit from cold expanded holes with preexisting cracks approximately 1.270 mm (0.050 in.) long under constant amplitude and wing spectrum loading. Holes with preexisting cracks were tested to simulate the worst case scenario of a hole with a crack the size of the detection threshold, 1.270 mm (0.050 in.), present before cold expansion that was not found by Non Destructive Inspection. Test results were compared to crack growth models generated in AFGROW. At high stress levels the AFGROW models yielded non conservative results greater than 150% of the test demonstrated fatigue life. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warner, Jacob John] A10 Aircraft Struct Integr Program, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. [Clark, Paul N.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Hoeppner, David W.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Warner, JJ (reprint author), A10 Aircraft Struct Integr Program, 6057 Box Elder Ln Bldg 1285, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM jacob.j.warner@gmail.com FU A-10 ASIP program; Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) program FX The authors would like to thank Mark L. Thomsen, Robert Pilarczyk, Scott Carlson, Dallen Andrew, Bryce Jolley, and the rest of A-10 Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP) group as well as the Hill Air Force Base Material Science Lab personnel that assisted in the completion of this research. The authors would also like to acknowledge the A-10 ASIP program and the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) program for funding the research. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 2014 VL 68 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.05.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AO6LN UT WOS:000341463700021 ER PT J AU Torres, A Ganley, J Maji, A AF Torres, Anthony Ganley, Jeff Maji, Arup TI Understanding the role of gravity in the crystallization suppression of ZBLAN glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE GLASSES; SOUNDING ROCKET; FRACTURE SURFACES; MICROGRAVITY; FIBERS AB ZBLAN (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) glass fibers are excellent materials for the use in many applications, such as fiber optics, fiber amplifiers, and lasers for cutting, drilling, and surgery. The main advantage of ZBLAN glasses over other glasses, such as silica, is its superior infrared transmissibility. The theoretical optical transmission spectrum for a ZBLAN fiber is from 0.3 mu m in the UV to 7 mu m in the IR region. The main obstacle with ZBLAN glass is the extrinsic losses from impurities, which includes crystallites formed during the manufacturing process. Due to ZBLAN's narrow working range, crystallites easily form during the drawing process, which inhibits the materials transmissibility. Microgravity (mu-g) processing has been proven to suppress crystallization in ZBLAN glass, thus allowing the material to reach its theoretical loss coefficient. Past researchers have shown that this phenomenon exists, but the mechanism of crystallization suppression in a microgravity environment is not well understood. This research endeavors to understand the role that gravity plays on the crystallization suppression of ZBLAN glass. The outcome of this study will impact the production of superior mid-IR fiber optics and could lead to a more feasible manufacturing technique. The main conclusion developed from this study is that the process is heavily dependent upon mass transfer kinetics such as diffusion and buoyancy-driven convection. Thus, suppressing buoyancy-driven convection, at relevant drawing temperatures, suppresses crystallization growth in ZBLAN glass. This theory was proven through microgravity experimentation, analytical, and computational modeling. C1 [Torres, Anthony] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ganley, Jeff] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Maji, Arup] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Torres, A (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ast36@txstate.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 49 IS 22 BP 7770 EP 7781 DI 10.1007/s10853-014-8488-5 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AO5XJ UT WOS:000341419900016 ER PT J AU Deng, H Geng, Z Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Geng, Zhe Himed, Braham TI RADIATION BEAM PATTERN SYNTHESIS FOR COHERENT MIMO RADAR ANTENNA ARRAYS SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiation pattern synthesis; beamforming; waveform design; coherent multiple-input multiple-output radar ID SYSTEMS AB An innovative optimum waveform design approach is introduced for synthesizing the radiation beam pattern of coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar to minimize the interference between the radar and other radio systems operating at the same frequency without degrading radar target detection performance. The proposed antenna array waveform design approach allows both amplitudes and phases to be optimized to synthesize the best radiation beam patterns. Given the designed waveforms for coherent MIMO radar, a virtual beamforming filter is used for virtual transmit-receive beam refocusing processing to achieve the maximum target processing gain. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Deng, Hai; Geng, Zhe] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM hai.deng@fiu.edu OI Geng, Zhe/0000-0002-5440-3556 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0895-2477 EI 1098-2760 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 56 IS 11 BP 2740 EP 2745 DI 10.1002/mop.28685 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA AO7AW UT WOS:000341505400068 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Roadcap, JR Singh, S AF Chatterjee, Kausik Roadcap, John R. Singh, Surendra TI A new Green's function Monte Carlo algorithm for the solution of the two-dimensional nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation: Application to the modeling of the communication breakdown problem in space vehicles during re-entry SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; Green's function; Random walk; Nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation; Plasma sheath modeling; Re-entry vehicle; Communication breakdown problem; UHF/GPS applications ID WALK AB The objective of this paper is the exposition of a recently-developed, novel Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC) algorithm for the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations and its application to the modeling of the plasma sheath region around a cylindrical conducting object, carrying a potential and moving at low speeds through an otherwise neutral medium. The plasma sheath is modeled in equilibrium through the GFMC solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NPB) equation. The traditional Monte Carlo based approaches for the solution of nonlinear equations are iterative in nature, involving branching stochastic processes which are used to calculate linear functionals of the solution of nonlinear integral equations. Over the last several years, one of the authors of this paper, K. Chatterjee has been developing a philosophically-different approach, where the linearization of the equation of interest is not required and hence there is no need for iteration and the simulation of branching processes. Instead, an approximate expression for the Green's function is obtained using perturbation theory, which is used to formulate the random walk equations within the problem sub-domains where the random walker makes its walks. However, as a trade-off, the dimensions of these sub-domains have to be restricted by the limitations imposed by perturbation theory. The greatest advantage of this approach is the ease and simplicity of parallelization stemming from the lack of the need for iteration, as a result of which the parallelization procedure is identical to the parallelization procedure for the GFMC solution of a linear problem. The application area of interest is in the modeling of the communication breakdown problem during a space vehicle's re-entry into the atmosphere. However, additional application areas are being explored in the modeling of electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere/ionosphere in UHF/GPS applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chatterjee, Kausik] Space Dynam Lab, Strateg & Mil Space Div, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Chatterjee, Kausik] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roadcap, John R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Singh, Surendra] Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Chatterjee, K (reprint author), Space Dynam Lab, Strateg & Mil Space Div, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kausik.chatterjee@aggiemail.usu.edu; john.roadcap@us.af.mil; surendra-singh@utulsa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0439]; Air Force Research Laboratory at Albuquerque, NM FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through a grant (FA9550-06-1-0439) monitored by Dr. F. Fahroo and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory at Albuquerque, NM. We also acknowledge valuable discussions with Dr. Evgeny Mishin at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 276 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.07.042 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AO4LP UT WOS:000341310100021 ER PT J AU Gu, GR Mojaverian, N Vaillancourt, J Lu, XJ AF Gu, Guiru Mojaverian, Neda Vaillancourt, Jarrod Lu, Xuejun TI Surface plasmonic resonance induced near-field vectors and their contribution to quantum dot infrared photodetector enhancement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasmonic enhancement; quantum dot; near-field vectors ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; TRANSMISSION; EXCITATION; EXTRACTION; SENSORS; OPTICS; SILVER AB In this paper, we analyse surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) induced near-field electric-field ((E) over right arrow) vector distribution in the quantum dot (QD) region and determine their roles in quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) enhancement. SPR can be excited in metallic two-dimensional subwavelength hole arrays (2DSHAs) when illuminated at resonant wavelengths. The SPR induced near-field (E) over right arrow vectors (E-z, E-x and E-y) and their distributions and overlaps with the QD active region are simulated. A long-wave infrared (LWIR) QDIP is fabricated with the 2DSHA plasmonic structure to experimentally measure the SPR enhancement spectrum and compare it with the near-field vector components and their distribution in QDs. We found that QDIP enhancement is closely related to the near-field intensity overlap integral in the QD region. The large near-field overlap integral corresponds to high QDIP enhancement. Such near-field overlap integral dependent plasmonic enhancement is attributed to the interaction of (E) over right arrow and the electric-dipole interaction in QDs. C1 [Gu, Guiru; Mojaverian, Neda; Lu, Xuejun] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Mojaverian, Neda] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vaillancourt, Jarrod] Appl NanoFemto Technol LLC, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. RP Gu, GR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, One Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM xuejun_lu@uml.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA95501210176] FX This research is partially supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract No FA95501210176. The near-field measurements were done by Adrian Cernescu and Tobias Gokus at Neaspec GmbH, Germany. The authors appreciate Applied NanoFemto Technologies LLC (ANFT)'s support of MBE growth of the QD samples. Conflict of Interest: One of the authors Xuejun Lu is a co-owner of ANFT. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 43 AR 435106 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/43/435106 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ9EN UT WOS:000343150500010 ER PT J AU Bhatia, A Roy, S Gosse, R AF Bhatia, Ankush Roy, Subrata Gosse, Ryan TI Effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators on non-equilibrium hypersonic flows SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD; LAYER SEPARATION CONTROL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-FLOW; CORONA DISCHARGE; SURFACE PLASMA; NAVIER-STOKES; FLAT-PLATE; PERFORMANCE; EQUATIONS AB A numerical study employing discontinuous Galerkin method demonstrating net surface heat reduction for a cylindrical body in Mach 17 hypersonic flow is presented. This application focuses on using sinusoidal dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators to inject momentum near the stagnation point. A 5 species finite rate air chemistry model completes the picture by analyzing the effect of the actuator on the flow chemistry. With low velocity near the stagnation point, the plasma actuator sufficiently modifies the fluid momentum. This results in redistribution of the integrated surface heating load on the body. Specifically, a particular configuration of normally pinching plasma actuation is predicted to reduce the surface heat flux at the stagnation point. An average reduction of 0.246% for the integrated and a maximum reduction of 7.68% are reported for the surface heat flux. The temperature contours in the fluid flow (with maximum temperature over 12 000 K) are pinched away from the stagnation point, thus resulting in reduced thermal load. Plasma actuation in this configuration also affects the species concentration distribution near the wall, in addition to the temperature gradient. The combined effect of both, thus results in an average reduction of 0.0986% and a maximum reduction of 4.04% for non-equilibrium calculations. Thus, this study successfully demonstrates the impact of sinusoidal dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation on the reduction of thermal load on a hypersonic body. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bhatia, Ankush; Roy, Subrata] Univ Florida, Appl Phys Res Grp, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gosse, Ryan] AFRL, RQHV, Computat Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhatia, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Appl Phys Res Grp, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department at University of Florida FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial support provided by Air Force Research Laboratory and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department at University of Florida, for this work. This journal paper has been cleared for Public Release, with Case No. 88ABW-2014-2808. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 16 AR 164904 DI 10.1063/1.4898862 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS9WN UT WOS:000344589400099 ER PT J AU Castro-Palacio, JC Nagy, T Bemish, RJ Meuwly, M AF Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos Nagy, Tibor Bemish, Raymond J. Meuwly, Markus TI Computational study of collisions between O(P-3) and NO((2)Pi) at temperatures relevant to the hypersonic flight regime SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; UNIMOLECULAR REACTION NO2-REVERSIBLE-ARROW-O+NO; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; JET-COOLED NO2; HIGH-PRESSURE; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; VISIBLE REGION AB Reactions involving N and O atoms dominate the energetics of the reactive air flow around spacecraft when reentering the atmosphere in the hypersonic flight regime. For this reason, the thermal rate coefficients for reactive processes involving O(P-3) and NO((2)Pi) are relevant over a wide range of temperatures. For this purpose, a potential energy surface (PES) for the ground state of the NO2 molecule is constructed based on high-level ab initio calculations. These ab initio energies are represented using the reproducible kernel Hilbert space method and Legendre polynomials. The global PES of NO2 in the ground state is constructed by smoothly connecting the surfaces of the grids of various channels around the equilibrium NO2 geometry by a distance-dependent weighting function. The rate coefficients were calculated using Monte Carlo integration. The results indicate that at high temperatures only the lowest A-symmetry PES is relevant. At the highest temperatures investigated (20 000 K), the rate coefficient for the "O1O2+N" channel becomes comparable (to within a factor of around three) to the rate coefficient of the oxygen exchange reaction. A state resolved analysis shows that the smaller the vibrational quantum number of NO in the reactants, the higher the relative translational energy required to open it and conversely with higher vibrational quantum number, less translational energy is required. This is in accordance with Polanyi's rules. However, the oxygen exchange channel (NO2+O1) is accessible at any collision energy. Finally, this work introduces an efficient computational protocol for the investigation of three-atom collisions in general. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos; Nagy, Tibor; Meuwly, Markus] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Bemish, Raymond J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Meuwly, M (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Chem, Klingelbergstr 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM m.meuwly@unibas.ch OI Nagy, Tibor/0000-0002-1412-3007 FU United States Department of the Air Force; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF(CH)) [200021-117810]; NCCR MUST; EU-COFUND program; University of Basel FX Part of this work was supported by the United States Department of the Air Force which is gratefully acknowledged (to J.C.C.P.). Support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF(CH)) through Grant No. 200021-117810, the NCCR MUST (to M. M.), the EU-COFUND program (to T.N.), and the University of Basel is also acknowledged. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 16 AR 164319 DI 10.1063/1.4897263 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AS9WQ UT WOS:000344589700048 PM 25362311 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Murray, PT Back, TC Fairchild, S Boeckl, J Bulmer, J Koziol, KKK Gruen, G Sparkes, M Orozco, F O'Neill, W AF Cahay, M. Murray, P. T. Back, T. C. Fairchild, S. Boeckl, J. Bulmer, J. Koziol, K. K. K. Gruen, G. Sparkes, M. Orozco, F. O'Neill, W. TI Hysteresis during field emission from chemical vapor deposition synthesized carbon nanotube fibers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; EMITTERS; GROWTH; SPUN; TIP AB Hysteresis in the field emission (FE) data of a chemical vapor synthesized carbon nanotube fiber cathode is analyzed in the regime where self-heating effects are negligible. In both the forward and reverse applied field sweeps, various FE modes of operation are identified: including Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling and space-charge limited emission from the fiber tip and FN emission from the fiber sidewall. Hysteresis in the FE data is linked to the difference in the field enhancement factors in the different FE modes of operation in the forward and reverse sweeps and related to changes in the fiber morphology. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.] Univ Dayton, Ctr Excellence Thin Film Res & Surface Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fairchild, S.; Boeckl, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bulmer, J.; Koziol, K. K. K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Gruen, G.] TechFlow Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Sparkes, M.; Orozco, F.; O'Neill, W.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Mfg, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. FU Air Force at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP) [FA8650-11-D-5401] FX This work was supported by Air Force Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5401 at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP). The authors thank Gregory Kozlowski for helping to establish this collaboration and John Luginsland at AFOSR in addition to Scott Dudley and Victor Putz of EOARD for supporting this work NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 17 AR 173107 DI 10.1063/1.4900787 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS9WF UT WOS:000344588600053 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Muratore, C Aouadi, SM AF Voevodin, A. A. Muratore, C. Aouadi, S. M. TI Hard coatings with high temperature adaptive lubrication and contact thermal management: review SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hard coating; High temperature; Solid lubrication; Thermal management; Adaptive; Tribology ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; B-C-N; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; TRIBOLOGICAL NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; SLIDING STEEL SURFACES; LOW-FRICTION CONCEPT AB Progress in the design and exploration of hard coatings with high temperature adaptive behavior in tribological contacts is reviewed. When coupled with most recent surface engineering strategies for high temperature contact thermal management, this progress opens a huge opportunity for adaptive coating applications on machine parts, where oils and coolants are commonly used. The adaptive mechanisms discussed here include metal diffusion and formation of lubricant phases at worn surfaces, thermally- and mechanically-induced phase transitions in hexagonal solids, contact surface tribo-chemical evolutions to form phases with low melting point, formation of easy to shear solid oxides, and others. All of these adaptive mechanisms are combined in nanocomposite coatings with synergistic self-adaptation of surface structure and chemistry to lubricate from ambient temperatures to 1000 degrees C and provide surface chemical and structural reversibility during temperature cycling to maintain low friction coefficients. The review also highlights emerging surface adaptive concepts, where advances with ab initio modeling of intrinsically layered solids point to new compositions for thermally stable, easy to shear ceramic coatings, load- and temperature-adaptive surfaces with arrays of compliant carbon and boron nitride nanotubes as well as low friction two-dimensional structures. Approaches for self-regulation of coating thermal conductivity, heat flow, and thermal spike mitigations are discussed in the context of surface structure evolution and phase transitions. Future progress is linked to the development of in situ exploration techniques, capable of identifying adaptive surface chemistry and structural evolutions in broad temperature regimes. When combined with predictive modeling, such approaches drastically accelerate adaptive coating developments. The review identifies opportunities, strategies, and challenges for designs and applications of hard coatings with high temperature adaptive lubrication and contact thermal management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Voevodin, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Aouadi, S. M.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@us.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Tribology in Extreme Environments, Thermal Sciences, and Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments programs of AFOSR; AFOSR award [FA9550-12-1-0221] FX Professor J. M. Schneider of RWTH Aachen University is acknowledged for valuable comments. The authors acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for the continued financial support. AV and CM acknowledge support from Tribology in Extreme Environments, Thermal Sciences, and Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments programs of AFOSR. SA acknowledges AFOSR award No. FA9550-12-1-0221. NR 291 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 13 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD OCT 25 PY 2014 VL 257 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.04.046 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AS7FR UT WOS:000344423100025 ER PT J AU Carhuatanta, KAK Shea, CJA Herman, JP Jankord, R AF Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K. Shea, Chloe J. A. Herman, James P. Jankord, Ryan TI Unique genetic loci identified for emotional behavior in control and chronic stress conditions SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BXD; QTL; stress; fear learning; anxiety; genetics; emotional behavior ID RECOMBINANT INBRED STRAINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BINDING-PROTEIN; MICE LACKING; KINASE-BETA; CRH-BP; EXPRESSION; FEAR; MEMORY; AMYGDALA AB An individual's genetic background affects their emotional behavior and response to stress. Although studies have been conducted to identify genetic predictors for emotional behavior or stress response, it remains unknown how prior stress history alters the interaction between an individual's genome and their emotional behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify chromosomal regions that affect emotional behavior and are sensitive to stress exposure. We utilized the BXD behavioral genetics mouse model to identify chromosomal regions that predict fear learning and emotional behavior following exposure to a control or chronic stress environment. 62 BXD recombinant inbred strains and C57BL/6 and DBA/2 parental strains underwent behavioral testing including a classical fear conditioning paradigm and the elevated plus maze. Distinct quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for emotional learning, anxiety and locomotion in control and chronic stress populations. Candidate genes, including those with already known functions in learning and stress were found to reside within the identified QTLs. Our data suggest that chronic stress history reveals novel genetic predictors of emotional behavior. C1 [Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K.; Shea, Chloe J. A.; Jankord, Ryan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Res Associate Program, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Herman, James P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Jankord, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.jankord@us.af.mil RI Herman, James/D-4960-2015 OI Herman, James/0000-0003-3571-2406 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory (AFOSR/AFRL) FX We would like to express our appreciation to TSgt Laura Bass, Naomi Bechmann, Dr. Megan Durbin, Dr. Catherine Harrison, Benjamin Holmes, Craig Hughes, TSgt Andrew Jimenez, Dr. Erica Johnson, Dr. Tom Lamkin, 1st Lt Danielle McCarty, Raquel Moore, 1st Lt Wilson Tucker, and Jessica Wagner without whom this work could not have been completed. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Stephen C. Benoit for review of manuscript and meaningful discussion. This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory (AFOSR/AFRL). Distribution A: approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW Cleared 02/26/2014; 88ABW-2014-0757. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5153 J9 FRONT BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Front. Behav. Neurosci. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 341 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00341 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AY9TL UT WOS:000347893300001 PM 25374516 ER PT J AU Zhang, XR Huang, QP Hu, JG Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Zhang, Xuanru Huang, Qiuping Hu, Jigang Knize, Randy J. Lu, Yalin TI Hybrid tandem solar cell enhanced by a metallic hole-array as the intermediate electrode SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; FILM; EFFICIENCY; REFLECTOR; OXIDE AB A metallic hole-array structure was inserted into a tandem solar cell structure as an intermediate electrode, which allows a further fabrication of a novel and efficient hybrid organic-inorganic tandem solar cell. The inserted hole-array layer reflects the higher-energy photons back to the top cell, and transmits lower-energy photons to the bottom cell via the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) effect. In this case light absorption in both top and bottom subcells can be simultaneously enhanced via both structural and material optimizations. Importantly, this new design could remove the constraints of requiring lattice-matching and current-matching between the used two cascaded subcells in a conventional tandem cell structure, and therefore, the tunnel junction could be no longer required. As an example, a novel PCBM/CIGS tandem cell was designed and investigated. A systematic modeling study was made on the structural parameter tuning, with the period ranging from a few hundreds nanometers to over one micrometer. Surface plasmon polaritons, magnetic plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmons, and optical waveguide modes were found to participate in the EOT and the light absorption enhancement. Impressively, more than 40% integrated power enhancement can be achieved in a variable structural parameter range. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Xuanru; Huang, Qiuping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jigang; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 21 BP A1400 EP A1411 DI 10.1364/OE.22.0A1400 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA AS0ZF UT WOS:000344004600003 PM 25607297 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Wang, WB Thayer, JP Burns, A Sutton, E Solomon, SC Qian, LY Lucas, G AF Liu, Xianjing Wang, Wenbin Thayer, Jeffrey P. Burns, Alan Sutton, Eric Solomon, Stanley C. Qian, Liying Lucas, Greg TI The winter helium bulge revisited SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SOLAR MINIMUM; DYNAMICS AB A newly implemented helium module in the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics general circulation model offers the first opportunity in three decades to describe helium behavior in the context of a first principles, self-consistent model and to test early theories of wintertime helium bulge formation. This study shows general agreement with the findings of Reber and Hays (1973) but articulates the definitive role of vertical advection in the bulge formation. Our findings indicate vertical advection and molecular diffusion are the dominate processes responsible for the solstice helium distribution. Horizontal winds indirectly contribute to the helium bulge formation by their divergent wind field that leads to vertical winds in order to maintain thermosphere mass continuity. As a minor gas, thermospheric helium does not contribute to mass continuity and its distribution is dictated by more local interactions and constraints. C1 [Liu, Xianjing; Thayer, Jeffrey P.; Lucas, Greg] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Wenbin; Burns, Alan; Solomon, Stanley C.; Qian, Liying] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sutton, Eric] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Liu, XJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM xianjing@colorado.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU NASA grants [NNX10AE62G, NNX10AQ52G, NNX12AJ54G, NNX13AE20G, NNX10AQ49G, NNX10AQ59G, NNX14AE06G]; National Science Foundation FX We would like to acknowledge the support of NASA grants NNX10AE62G, NNX10AQ52G, NNX12AJ54G, NNX13AE20G, NNX10AQ49G, NNX10AQ59G, and NNX14AE06G. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The data from NCAR-TIEGCM simulation for this study are available upon request from the authors. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6603 EP 6609 DI 10.1002/2014GL061471 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800009 ER PT J AU Simpson, TB Liu, JM AlMulla, M Usechak, NG Kovanis, V AF Simpson, Thomas B. Liu, Jia-Ming AlMulla, Mohammad Usechak, Nicholas G. Kovanis, Vassilios TI Tunable Oscillations in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers With Reduced Sensitivity to Perturbations SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Injection locking; RF Oscillators; tunable oscillators ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT; MODULATION BANDWIDTH; GAIN SATURATION; LIGHT INJECTION; GENERATION; SUBJECT; CHAOS; LOCKING AB Narrow linewidth optical injection into a semiconductor laser can induce periodic oscillations in the injected laser's output power with a frequency that is widely tunable by simply varying the steady-state bias current and operating temperature. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this oscillation frequency can be made nearly insensitive to small-signal fluctuations of these two parameters at certain operating points [1]. Here, we demonstrate that this insensitivity arises from multiwave mixing and interference that minimizes the response of both the gain medium and the circulating optical power at the oscillation frequency. Both experimental measurements and model calculations of optical spectra show that at the operating points of reduced oscillation frequency sensitivity, all strong components of the optical spectrum still exhibit a response to the perturbations. However, in the power spectra and the (calculated) carrier-density spectra, the response is strongly attenuated. Novel operating points that limit the sensitivity of the laser power oscillation frequency to perturbations offer the promise for improved operation of tunable photonic oscillators for radio-and microwave-frequency applications. C1 [Simpson, Thomas B.] L 3 Appl Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Liu, Jia-Ming; AlMulla, Mohammad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Kovanis, Vassilios] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simpson, TB (reprint author), L 3 Appl Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM thomas.simpson@l-3com.com; liu@ee.ucla.edu; almulla@ucla.edu; nicholas.usechak@us.af.mil; vassilios.kovanis@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Optimetrics, Inc.; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY09COR] FX The work of T. B. Simpson and J.-M. Liu was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory through a contract with Optimetrics, Inc. The work of N. G. Usechak and V. Kovanis was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant 12RY09COR. The views and opinions expressed in this paper (88ABW-2013-5365) are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 20 SI SI BP 3749 EP 3758 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2332415 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AX1JH UT WOS:000346703000048 ER PT J AU Jones, BQ Dalton, SR AF Jones, Brandon Q. Dalton, Scott R. TI Chronic Ulceration on the Lower Extremity SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIAGNOSIS; MANAGEMENT C1 [Jones, Brandon Q.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Dalton, Scott R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Jones, BQ (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM bqjones@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X EI 1532-0650 J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 8 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AR6EK UT WOS:000343676000010 PM 25369646 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Zhang, ZL Jiang, NB Roy, S Gord, JR AF Wu, Yue Zhang, Zhili Jiang, Naibo Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Resonant- and avalanche-ionization amplification of laser-induced plasma in air SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; OXYGEN; REMPI; FLAME AB Amplification of laser-induced plasma in air is demonstrated utilizing resonant laser ionization and avalanche ionization. Molecular oxygen in air is ionized by a low-energy laser pulse employing (2 vertical bar 1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) to generate seed electrons. Subsequent avalanche ionization of molecular oxygen and nitrogen significantly amplifies the laser-induced plasma. In this plasma-amplification effect, three-body attachments to molecular oxygen dominate the electron-generation and -loss processes, while either nitrogen or argon acts as the third body with low electron affinity. Contour maps of the electron density within the plasma obtained in O-2/N-2 and O-2/Ar gas mixtures are provided to show relative degrees of plasma amplification with respect to gas pressure and to verify that the seed electrons generated by O-2 2 vertical bar 1 REMPI are selectively amplified by avalanche ionization of molecular nitrogen in a relatively low-pressure condition (<= 100 Torr). Such plasma amplification occurring in air could be useful in aerospace applications at high altitude. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wu, Yue; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; NSF [CBET-1032523, CBET-1346944] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and by NSF CBET-1032523 and CBET-1346944. This manuscript has been approved for public release (88ABW-2014). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 14 AR 143304 DI 10.1063/1.4896789 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS0SH UT WOS:000343988000007 ER PT J AU Emami, FS Puddu, V Berry, RJ Varshney, V Patwardhan, SV Perry, CC Heinz, H AF Emami, Fateme S. Puddu, Valeria Berry, Rajiv J. Varshney, Vikas Patwardhan, Siddharth V. Perry, Carole C. Heinz, Hendrik TI Prediction of Specific Biomolecule Adsorption on Silica Surfaces as a Function of pH and Particle Size SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PERIODIC B3LYP CALCULATIONS; HEAD GROUP-STRUCTURE; FORCE-FIELD; AMORPHOUS SILICA; PEPTIDE ADSORPTION; INITIAL HYDRATION; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; BINDING PEPTIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB Silica nanostructures are biologically available and find wide applications for drug delivery, catalysts, separation processes, and composites. However, specific adsorption of biomolecules on silica surfaces and control in biomimetic synthesis remain largely unpredictable. In this contribution, the variability and control of peptide adsorption on silica nanopartide surfaces are explained as a function of pH, particle diameter, and peptide electrostatic charge using molecular dynamics simulations with the CHARMM-INTERFACE force field. Adsorption free energies and specific binding residues are analyzed in molecular detail, providing experimentally elusive, atomic-level information on the complex dynamics of aqueous electric double layers in contact with biological molecules. Tunable contributions to adsorption are described in the context of specific silica surface chemistry, including ion pairing, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and conformation effects. Remarkable agreement is found for computed peptide binding as a function of pH and particle size with respect to experimental adsorption isotherms and zeta-potentials. Representative surface models were built using characterization of the silica surfaces by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta-potential, and surface titration measurements. The results show that the recently introduced interatomic potentials (Emami et al. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 2647) enable computational screening of a limitless number of silica interfaces to predict the binding of drugs, cell receptors, polymers, surfactants, and gases under realistic solution conditions at the scale of 1 to 100 nm. The highly specific binding outcomes underline the significance of the surface chemistry, pH, and topography. C1 [Emami, Fateme S.; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Puddu, Valeria; Perry, Carole C.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. [Berry, Rajiv J.; Varshney, Vikas] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patwardhan, Siddharth V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Perry, CC (reprint author), Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. EM carole.perry@ntu.ac.uk; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010; OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404; Puddu, Valeria/0000-0001-5079-5508 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, UES, Inc.; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-09-D-5037, FA9550-10-1-0024, FA9550-13-1-0040]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0955071]; University of Akron FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, UES, Inc., the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F.S.E. and H.H. via FA8650-09-D-5037, C.C.P. via FA9550-10-1-0024 and FA9550-13-1-0040), the National Science Foundation (DMR-0955071), the University of Akron, and the Ohio Supercomputing Center for the allocation of computational resources. NR 75 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 15 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 19 BP 5725 EP 5734 DI 10.1021/cm5026987 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AQ9SI UT WOS:000343195600041 ER PT J AU Olson, SE Raithel, G Christlieb, AJ AF Olson, Spencer E. Raithel, Georg Christlieb, Andrew J. TI Pressure-driven evaporative cooling in atom guides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We study steady-state evaporation in an atom guide via Monte Carlo simulations. The evaporation surface follows a specific profile as a function of longitudinal guide location. We demonstrate that the choice of evaporation profile significantly impacts the performance of the evaporation. Our simulations also demonstrate a significant performance boost in the evaporation when using a longitudinally compressed guide. We show that for a purely pressure-driven atom beam, it should be possible to reach degeneracy within a 0.5 m guide for experimentally feasible, albeit challenging, loading conditions. C1 [Olson, Spencer E.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Christlieb, Andrew J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Olson, SE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Raithel, Georg/0000-0002-2005-8440 FU Army Research Office [42791-PH]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0281, FA9550-12-1-0343]; Naval Research Laboratory; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program, the Army Research Office (Project No. 42791-PH), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants No. FA9550-11-1-0281, No. FA9550-12-1-0343). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 043612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043612 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AR6CG UT WOS:000343669900006 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS AF Selesnick, R. S. TI Optimal performance of charged particle telescopes in space SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Charged particle telescope; Data analysis; Bayesian AB A Bayesian probabilistic data analysis method for energetic proton and ion data from charged particle telescopes in space is described. The telescope is assumed to consist of only a series of planar silicon detectors with graduated thicknesses. The method is based on a range-straggling function and makes optimal use of energy loss measurements in each detector. It provides accurate incidence angle estimates for particles stopping in the telescope, allowing accurate element identification and possible isotope identification It also provides energy estimates for high-energy particles going through the telescope without stopping. Examples are shown for simulated telescope design performance tests and application to real space-particle data Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The author thanks C. Lindstrom for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2014 VL 761 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.109 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AK3UV UT WOS:000338351100006 ER PT J AU Booth, RS Butler, LJ AF Booth, Ryan S. Butler, Laurie J. TI Thermal decomposition pathways for 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PROPOSED MECHANISM; HIGH-PRESSURE; ISOMERIZATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; TEMPERATURE; THERMOLYSIS; POLYMORPHS; BEHAVIOR; TNAZ AB In this study, we computationally investigate the initial and subsequent steps in the chemical mechanism for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7). We determine the key exothermic step in the gas-phase thermal decomposition of FOX-7 and explore the similarities and differences between FOX-7 and other geminal dinitro energetic materials. The calculations reveal a mechanism for NO loss involving a 3-member cyclic intermediate, rather than a nitro-nitrite isomerization, that occurs in the radical intermediates formed throughout the decomposition mechanism. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Booth, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM L-Butler@uchicago.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0244] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Contract No. W911NF-14-1-0244. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 13 AR 134315 DI 10.1063/1.4896165 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AR9DT UT WOS:000343872800041 PM 25296814 ER PT J AU Fernando, KAS Watson, VG Wang, XF McNamara, ND JoChum, MC Bair, DW Miller, BA Bunker, CE AF Fernando, K. A. Shiral Watson, Venroy G. Wang, Xifan McNamara, Nicholas D. JoChum, Mary C. Bair, Dylan W. Miller, Barbara A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Migration of Silver Nanoparticles from Silver Decorated Graphene Oxide to Other Carbon Nanostructures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AG NANOPARTICLES; GRAPHITE OXIDE; SHEETS; OXIDATION; PHOTOCATALYSTS; NANOCOMPOSITES; SEMICONDUCTOR; COMPOSITES AB Decoration of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with Ag nanoparticles has been demonstrated using a simple sonication technique. By changing the ratio between Ag-decorated-GO and GO, a series of Ag-decorated-GO samples with different Ag loadings were synthesized. These Ag-decorated-GO samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques. TEM analysis showed that Ag nanoparticles were evenly distributed on GO sheets, and the size analysis of the particles using multiple TEM images indicated that Ag nanoparticles have an average size of 6-7 nm. TEM analysis also showed that Ag nanoparticles migrated from Ag-decorated-GO to later-added GO sheets. In XRD, all the Ag-decorated GO samples showed the characteristic peaks related to GO and face-centered-cubic (fcc) Ag. Thermal analysis showed peaks related to the combustion of graphitic carbon shifted to lower temperatures after GO sheets were decorated with Ag nanoparticles. In addition, further experiments performed using Ag-decorated-GO and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) confirmed that Ag nanoparticles migrated from Ag-decorated-GO to later-added carbon nanotubes without a noticeable coalescence of Ag nanoparticles. C1 [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Watson, Venroy G.; Wang, Xifan; McNamara, Nicholas D.; Miller, Barbara A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [JoChum, Mary C.; Bair, Dylan W.; Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fernando, KAS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Shiral.Fernando@udri.udayton.edu FU AFRL Fuels and Energy Branch and the Nanoenergetics Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the continued support of Dr. Michael Berman of AFOSR for fundamental fuels and energy research. Additional support was provided by the AFRL Fuels and Energy Branch and the Nanoenergetics Program. The authors also thank Prof. Ya-Ping Sun for helpful discussions. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 39 BP 11776 EP 11784 DI 10.1021/la502401n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AQ7RT UT WOS:000343017600034 PM 25222282 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R AF Buchanan, Dennis J. John, Reji TI Residual stress redistribution in shot peened samples subject to mechanical loading SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Nickel-base superalloy; Mechanical behavior; Shot peen; Residual stress ID RELAXATION; STABILITY; FATIGUE; STEEL AB Shot peening is a well-established surface treatment process that imparts large compressive residual stresses onto the surface and at shallow depths to retard initiation and growth of fatigue cracks. The plastic deformation developed during the surface treatment sets up a constraint that retains compressive stresses on the surface balanced by tensile residual stresses in the interior. However, component service histories that produce subsequent plastic deformation may redistribute these residual stresses. In most engineering components, this additional plastic deformation is localized to stress concentration sites such as holes, notches, and fillets. In the case of gross plastic deformation where the entire cross section experiences material yielding the residual stress profile may redistribute, resulting in tensile stresses on the outside surface balanced by compression in the interior. This paper describes a series of experiments combined with models to explain the redistribution in residual stress depth profiles subject to applied stresses producing gross plastic strains in shot peened laboratory specimens. The initial room temperature residual stress and plastic strain profiles provide initial conditions for predictions. Model predictions correlate well with experimental results on shot peened dogbone specimens subject to single cycle and fatigue loading conditions at elevated temperature. Experiments on shot peened notched specimens do not exhibit the same stress redistribution even for larger applied stresses. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Buchanan, Dennis J.] AFRL, RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Parlc, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM dennis.buchanan@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXCM), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [OH 45433-7817, FA8650-09-D-5223] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXCM), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7817 under on-site contract number FA8650-09-D-5223. The authors would like to acknowledge Drs. Michael Caton of AFRL/RXCM and Sushant Jha of Universal Technology Corporation for their contributions of fatigue data on shot peened specimens and their valuable discussions on the results in this paper. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 615 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.118 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AR1HN UT WOS:000343336400009 ER PT J AU Vangala, SR Avrutsky, I Keiffer, P Nader, N Walker, D Cleary, JW Hendrickson, JR AF Vangala, S. R. Avrutsky, I. Keiffer, P. Nader, N. Walker, D., Jr. Cleary, J. W. Hendrickson, J. R. TI Asymmetric photonic resonances in GaN slab waveguide for mid infrared selective filters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SLABS; REFLECTION AB We demonstrate a spectrally selective reflector that exploits asymmetric photonic resonances of a 1D photonic crystal. The proposed spectrally selective reflector has a very simple structure - essentially just a single high-index slab of GaN, properly perforated, and supported by a transparent sapphire substrate. With the proper 1D array design, nearly 100% reflection is achieved with a narrow spectral width between 10 cm(-1) - 18 cm-1, while the background reflection remains low across the entire mid-IR range. The reflection peak can be tuned over a large wavelength span based on physical parameters. Resonant transmission dips in the experimentally measured spectra corroborate the device theory and simulation, exhibiting the narrowband low-background mid-IR reflection as predicted. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Vangala, S. R.; Nader, N.] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Vangala, S. R.; Nader, N.; Walker, D., Jr.; Cleary, J. W.; Hendrickson, J. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Avrutsky, I.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Keiffer, P.] Wyle Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Keiffer, P.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Vangala, SR (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. EM shivashankar.vangala.ctr.in@us.af.mil FU Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory, Solid State Scientific Corp., Wyle; CPHOM, NSF Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Material Research Science and Engineering Center Program [DMR 1120923]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY10COR]; LRIR [12RY05COR] FX Authors would like to thank Q. Paduano (AFRL) for providing GaN epitaxial material grown on sapphire substrates. I.A. acknowledges support by Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory, Solid State Scientific Corp., Wyle, and support by CPHOM, NSF Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Material Research Science and Engineering Center Program DMR 1120923. JWC and NN would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract number 12RY10COR while JRH would like to acknowledge support under LRIR No. 12RY05COR (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 20 BP 24742 EP 24751 DI 10.1364/OE.22.024742 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IE UT WOS:000342757000097 PM 25322049 ER PT J AU Shumelyuk, A Volkov, A Odoulov, S Grabar, A Stoyka, I Evans, DR AF Shumelyuk, A. Volkov, A. Odoulov, S. Grabar, A. Stoyka, I. Evans, D. R. TI Optimizing nonlinear beam coupling in low-symmetry crystals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; SN2P2S6; GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION; BI4TI3O12; PHASE AB The purpose of this paper is to find the polarizations and spatial orientations of the two interacting counterpropagating coherent light waves which ensure the largest beam coupling in monoclinic photorefractive crystal. The results of calculations are presented that are verified experimentally with Sn2P2S6. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Shumelyuk, A.; Volkov, A.; Odoulov, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Grabar, A.; Stoyka, I.] Uzhgorod Natl Univ, Uzhgorod, Ukraine. [Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shumelyuk, A (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, 46 Sci Ave, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM shumeluk@iop.kiev.ua OI Grabar, Alexander/0000-0002-2551-7036 FU European Office of Research and Development (EOARD) via Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU) [P585, P438a] FX The financial support of the European Office of Research and Development (EOARD) via Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU Grants P585 and P438a) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Professor Germano Montemezzani for valuable discussions. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 20 BP 24763 EP 24775 DI 10.1364/OE.22.024763 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IE UT WOS:000342757000099 PM 25322051 ER PT J AU Wang, WJ Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K Li, Q AF Wang, Wenjing Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin Li, Qing TI A game theoretic approach to detect and co-exist with malicious nodes in wireless networks SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Malicious node; Game theory; Coexistence; Bayesian games; Markov Bayes-Nash Equilibrium ID AD HOC NETWORKS; ATTACKS AB Identification and isolation of malicious nodes in a distributed system is a challenging problem. This problem is further aggravated in a wireless network because the unreliable channel hides the actions of each node from one another. Therefore, a regular node can only construct a belief about a malicious node through monitoring and observation. In this paper, we use game theory to study the interactions between regular and malicious nodes in a wireless network. We model the malicious node detection process as a Bayesian game with imperfect information and show that a mixed strategy perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (also a sequential equilibrium) is attainable. While the equilibrium in the detection game ensures the identification of the malicious nodes, we argue that it might not be profitable to isolate the malicious nodes upon detection. As a matter of fact, malicious nodes can co-exist with regular nodes as long as the destruction they bring is less than the contribution they make. To show how we can utilize the malicious nodes, a post-detection game between the malicious and regular nodes is formalized. Solution to this game shows the existence of a subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium and reveals the conditions that are necessary to achieve the equilibrium. Further, we show how a malicious node can construct a belief about the belief held by a regular node. By employing the belief about the belief system, a Markov Perfect Bayes Nash Equilibrium is reached and the equilibrium postpones the detection of the malicious node. Simulation results and their discussions are provided to illustrate the properties of the derived equilibria. The integration of the detection game and the post-detection is also studied and it is shown that the former one can transit into the latter one when the malicious node actively adjusts its strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Wenjing; Li, Qing] Blue Coat Syst Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, EECS, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Chatterjee, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, EECS, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM wenjing.wang@bluecoat.com; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil; qing.li@bluecoat.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0023] FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the Federal Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0023. A preliminary version of this work appeared in International Conference on Game Theory for Networks (GameNets) 2009 [29]. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2014-2735 dated 05 June 2014. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD OCT 4 PY 2014 VL 71 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2014.06.008 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AO0EM UT WOS:000340981900004 ER PT J AU Milam, JM Heath, RG AF Milam, Jessica MacDonald Heath, Renee Guarriello TI Participative Democracy and Voice: Rethinking Community Collaboration Beyond Neutral Structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED COMMUNICATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Power; Community Collaboration; Participative Democracy; Shared Decision-making; Voice ID CROSS-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS; INTERORGANIZATIONAL COLLABORATION; PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; COMMUNICATION; CONVERSATIONS; FRAMEWORK; CONSENSUS AB Decision-making in community-based, interorganizational collaboration often influences educational, environmental, and other civic policies thereby constituting it as politically and socially consequential. As such, we rethink collaboration through the lens of participative democracy rather than as a neutral organizational structure or process. We sought to understand how participative democracy was hindered and accomplished in an interpretive case study of two community collaborations. Data indicate the normative processes and structures of communication practiced by stakeholders primarily deterred voice and participation by prioritizing information exchange, practicing invisible decision-making, and emphasizing harmonious relationships. These findings: (1) add to theories of interorganizational collaboration by establishing voice as both a discursive and political feature of shared decision-making; (2) provide empirical exemplars that extrapolate political and social implications from specific communication practices; and (3) inform the development of a heuristic to improve collaborative participation and increase political accountability. Flowing from these data, we recommend practitioners utilize the heuristic of VOICE-promoting visibility and ownership of decision-making processes, less emphasis on informing, and purposeful fostering of gracious contestation-ultimately delimiting expressive modes of communication that decrease participative democracy and political accountability. C1 [Milam, Jessica MacDonald] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Heath, Renee Guarriello] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Commun, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Heath, RG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Commun, Horton Social Sci Ctr, 20 Acad Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Renee.Heath@unh.edu NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0090-9882 EI 1479-5752 J9 J APPL COMMUN RES JI J. Appl. Commun. Res. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 4 BP 366 EP 386 DI 10.1080/00909882.2014.911944 PG 21 WC Communication SC Communication GA AQ5MO UT WOS:000342853500002 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Teachout, MS Ree, MJ Barto, EL King, RE Michaels, CF AF Carretta, Thomas R. Teachout, Mark S. Ree, Malcolm James Barto, Erica L. King, Raymond E. Michaels, Charles F. TI Consistency of the Relations of Cognitive Ability and Personality Traits to Pilot Training Performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGY; PREDICTORS; SELECTION; VALIDITY AB The predictive validity of cognitive ability and personality traits was examined in large samples of U.S. Air Force pilot trainees. Criterion data were collected between 1995 and 2008 from 4 training bases across 3 training tracks. Analyses also examined consistency in pilot aptitude and training outcomes. Results were consistent with previous research indicating cognitive ability is the best predictor of pilot training performance. There were few differences across training tracks, bases, and years, and none was large. Overall, results illustrated the consistency of the quality of pilot trainees as assessed by cognitive ability and personality trait measures, and the consistency of these measures in predicting training performance over time. This consistency results in a more stable training system, enabling greater efficiency and effectiveness. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Teachout, Mark S.] Univ Incarnate Word, HEB Sch Business & Adm, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ree, Malcolm James; Barto, Erica L.] Operat Technol, San Antonio, TX USA. [King, Raymond E.] US Air Force, Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Michaels, Charles F.] Randolph AFB, Air Educ & Training Command, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), AFMC 711th HPW RHCI,2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Carretta@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1080/10508414.2014.949200 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA AQ0WT UT WOS:000342504100001 ER PT J AU Tung, K Miller, M Colombi, J Uribe, D Smith, S AF Tung, Kalyn Miller, Michael Colombi, John Uribe, Daniel Smith, Suzanne TI Effect of vibration on eye, head and helmet movements while wearing a helmet-mounted display SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); vibration; human factors; vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR); electrooculography (EOG) ID WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; PERFORMANCE AB Previous research has demonstrated a loss of helmet-mounted display (HMD) legibility for users exposed to whole body vibration. A pair of human factors studies was conducted to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration on eye, head, and helmet movements for seated users of a HMD while conducting simple fixation and smooth pursuit tracking tasks. These experiments confirmed that vertical eye motion can be demonstrated, that is consistent with the human visual systems' response to the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR). Helmet slippage was also shown to occur, which could exacerbate loss of display legibility. The largest amplitudes in eye movements were observed during exposure to sinusoidal vibration in the 4-6Hz range, which is consistent with the frequencies that past research has associated with whole-body resonance and the largest decrease in display legibility. Further, the measured eye movements appeared to be correlated with both the angular acceleration of the user's head and the angular slippage of the user's helmet. This research demonstrates that the loss of legibility while wearing HMDs likely results from a combination of VOR-triggered eye movements and movement of the display. Future compensation algorithms should consider adjusting the display in response to both VOR-triggered eye and HMD motion. C1 [Tung, Kalyn; Miller, Michael; Colombi, John; Uribe, Daniel] Air Force Inst Technol, Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Suzanne] US Air Force Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Div,Aerosp Physiol & Perform, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tung, K (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.miller@afit.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1071-0922 EI 1938-3657 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 22 IS 10 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1002/jsid.286 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CH7FT UT WOS:000354201900006 ER PT J AU Veksler, VD Gluck, KA Myers, CW Harris, J Mielke, T AF Veksler, Vladislav D. Gluck, Kevin A. Myers, Christopher W. Harris, Jack Mielke, Thomas TI Alleviating the curse of dimensionality - A psychologically-inspired approach SO BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES LA English DT Article DE Combinatorics; Function approximation; Chunking; Unitization; Configural-cue; EPAM; ACT-R; Reinforcement learning; Memory activation ID ADAPTIVE NETWORK MODEL; JENKINS 1961; MEMORY; HOVLAND; SHEPARD AB Various combinations of perceptual features are relevant for learning and action-selection. However, the storage of all possible feature combinations presents computationally impractical, and psychologically implausible, memory requirements in non-trivial environments due to a state-space explosion. Some psychological models suggest that feature combinations, or chunks, should be generated at a conservative rate (Feigenbaum and Simon, 1984). Other models suggest that chunk retrieval is based on statistical regularities in the environment, i.e. recency and frequency (Anderson and Schooler, 1991). We present a computational model for chunk learning based on these two principles, and demonstrate how combining these principles alleviates state-space explosion, producing exponential memory savings while maintaining a high level of performance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Veksler, Vladislav D.; Gluck, Kevin A.; Myers, Christopher W.; Harris, Jack; Mielke, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Veksler, VD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vdv718@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [13RH06COR]; National Research Council Research FX This research was funded by Grant #13RH06COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and partly conducted while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship with the Cognitive Models and Agents branch at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-683X EI 2212-6848 J9 BIOL INSPIR COGN ARC JI Biol. Inspired Cogn. Archit. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.bica.2014.11.007 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CF7NW UT WOS:000352744500007 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, A Brown, M Stone, DU Earley, K Hefner, KS Radfar, L Lewis, DM Young, S Rhodus, NL Segal, BM Lessard, CJ Montgomery, CG Scofield, RH Sivils, KL AF Rasmussen, Astrid Brown, Michael Stone, Donald U. Earley, Keith Hefner, Kimberly S. Radfar, Lida Lewis, David M. Young, Stephen Rhodus, Nelson L. Segal, Barbara M. Lessard, Christopher J. Montgomery, Courtney G. Scofield, R. Hal Sivils, Kathy L. TI Performance of the Ocular Staining Score (OSS) Vs. the Van Bijsterveld Score in the Assessment of Sjogren's Syndrome-Related Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rasmussen, Astrid; Brown, Michael; Lessard, Christopher J.; Montgomery, Courtney G.] Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Stone, Donald U.] Dean McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Earley, Keith] US Air Force, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Hefner, Kimberly S.] Hefner Eye Care & Opt Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Radfar, Lida; Lewis, David M.; Young, Stephen; Sivils, Kathy L.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Rhodus, Nelson L.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Segal, Barbara M.] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Scofield, R. Hal] US Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2326-5191 EI 2326-5205 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOL JI Arthritis Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 66 SU 10 SI SI MA 2535 BP S1108 EP S1109 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA AS6PK UT WOS:000344384905212 ER PT J AU Kim, BU Goodman, D Li, MY Liu, J Li, J AF Kim, Byoung Uk Goodman, Douglas Li, Mingyang Liu, Jian Li, Jing TI Improved Reliability-Based Decision Support Methodology Applicable in System-Level Failure Diagnosis and Prognosis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDE-CONTROL SUBSYSTEM; BAYESIAN NETWORKS; FAULT-DETECTION; SATELLITES; MODELS AB Reliability modeling and troubleshooting reasoning involving complex component interactions in complex systems are an active research topic and a critical challenge to be overcome in decision support. In this paper, we propose an innovative concept of decision support methodology for system failure diagnosis and prognosis in complex systems. Advanced causal structure, incorporating domain and engineering knowledge, and a new Bayesian network (BN) representation of system structure and component interaction are proposed. Based on the BN representation, a Bayesian framework is developed to analyze and fuse the multisource information from different hierarchical levels of a system. This capability supports higher-fidelity modeling and assessing of the reliability of the components, the subsystems, and the system as a whole. The feasibility of our advanced causal structure approach has been proven with implementation using test data acquired from electromechanical actuator systems. A case study is successfully conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The proposed decision support process in integrated system health management will enable enhancements in flight safety and condition-based maintenance by increasing availability and mission effectiveness while reducing maintenance costs. C1 [Kim, Byoung Uk] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goodman, Douglas] Ridgetop Grp, Tucson, AZ 85741 USA. [Li, Mingyang; Liu, Jian] Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Li, Jing] Arizona State Univ, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Kim, BU (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM byoung.kim.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 2630 EP 2641 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120637 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RS UT WOS:000346792500017 ER PT J AU Nowak-Krol, A Lukasiewicz, LG Haley, JE Drobizhev, M Rebane, A Cooper, TM Gryko, DT AF Nowak-Krol, Agnieszka Lukasiewicz, Lukasz G. Haley, Joy E. Drobizhev, Mikhail Rebane, Aleksander Cooper, Thomas M. Gryko, Daniel T. TI Soluble meso-tetrakis( arylethynyl) porphyrins - synthesis and optical properties SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE porphyrins; alkynes; absorption; Sonogashira; triplet ID PI-EXTENDED PORPHYRINS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ZINC PORPHYRIN; SOLAR-CELLS; ALDEHYDES; ALKYNES; SUBSTITUENTS; DIPYRROMETHANES; EXCITATION; POSITIONS AB Trans-A(2) B-2 -tetrakis(arylethynyl) porphyrins with suitable solubility in CH2 Cl-2, CHCl3, EtOAc, acetone and toluene have been obtained for the first time. Among two possible strategies the one comprising the synthesis of 5,15-dibromo-10,20-bis[(isopropylsilyl) ethynyl] porphyrin proved to be more efficient. The pathway towards densely substituted arylacetylenes has been optimized. The use of previously identified 3,4,5-trialkoxyaryl substituent was crucial for achieving the reasonable solubility. The optical properties of meso-substituted tetrakis(arylethynyl) porphyrins were studied showing that strong polarization imparted by direct conjugation of all four substituents with porphyrin core resulted not only in strong absorption of red light but also in a relatively long triplet lifetime. Mesotetrakis( arylethynyl) porphyrins have a significantly longer lifetime of T 1 state than bis(arylethynyl) porphyrins and in their case all the states are mixtures of transitions between the HOMO-1, HOMO and LUMO, LUMO+1 MOs. We show that the presence of two additional arylethynyl substituents at mesopositions enhance the maximum two-photon absorption cross-section of trans-A(2) B-2 -tetrakis(arylethynyl) porphyrins by more than one order of magnitude. Maximum values as high as s 2 = 500 GM at 950 nm result from realization of suitable conditions for effective resonance enhancement along with a lowering of the energy and intensification of the two-photon allowed transitions in the Soret region. C1 [Nowak-Krol, Agnieszka; Lukasiewicz, Lukasz G.; Gryko, Daniel T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45458 USA. [Drobizhev, Mikhail; Rebane, Aleksander] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rebane, Aleksander] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia. RP Gryko, DT (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM daniel.gryko@icho.edu.pl RI Gryko, Daniel/A-7998-2008 OI Gryko, Daniel/0000-0002-2146-1282 FU Polish National Centre for Research and Development; Foundation for Polish Science [Ventures-2009-4/6]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0219] FX We thank Polish National Centre for Research and Development (grant OLAE+) and the Foundation for Polish Science (Ventures-2009-4/ 6). A. R. acknowledges support from AFOSR Grant FA9550-09-1-0219. The authors thank A. Mikhailov for invaluable assistance in 2PA measurements. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU WORLD SCI PUBL CO INC PI HACKENSACK PA 27 WARREN ST, STE 401-402, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA SN 1088-4246 EI 1099-1409 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PD OCT-NOV PY 2014 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 998 EP 1013 DI 10.1142/S1088424614500904 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AW3LZ UT WOS:000346189500020 ER PT J AU Liu, BW Chen, Y Hadiks, A Blasch, E Aved, A Shen, D Chen, GS AF Liu, Bingwei Chen, Yu Hadiks, Ari Blasch, Erik Aved, Alex Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe TI Information Fusion in a Cloud Computing Era: A Systems-Level Perspective SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRACKING C1 [Liu, Bingwei; Chen, Yu; Hadiks, Ari] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY USA. [Blasch, Erik; Aved, Alex] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Liu, BW (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM Erik.Blasch@gmail.com FU AFOSR grant in Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems; AFRL/RI Summer Faculty/Student Program; [FA9453-12-C-0228] FX The authors thank Dr. Haibin Ling for the L1 tracker compiled at Temple University and the guidance from Dr. Khanh Pham. Yu Chen and Ari Hadiks appreciate the AFRL/RI Summer Faculty/Student Program support. Research supported in part by an AFOSR grant in Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems and Contract No. FA9453-12-C-0228. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory, or the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 10 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130115 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AU7ZE UT WOS:000345815900002 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ AF Knipp, Delores J. TI Space Weather Journal: Retrospective and Prospective SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Space Weather C1 [Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dknipp@agu.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2014 VL 12 IS 10 BP 567 EP 567 DI 10.1002/2014SW001128 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT9UI UT WOS:000345271400001 ER PT J AU Agarwal, A Shiffler, D Lu, XP White, W Sankaran, M AF Agarwal, Ankur Shiffler, Don Lu, XinPei White, William Sankaran, Mohan TI Guest Editorial 7th Triennial Special Issue on Images in Plasma Science SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Plasmas; Image color analysis; Educational institutions; Editorials; Special issues and sections; Imaging; Laboratories C1 [Agarwal, Ankur] Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Shiffler, Don; White, William] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lu, XinPei] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Elect & Elect Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Sankaran, Mohan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM ankur_agarwal@amat.com; don.shiffler@ieee.org; luxinpei@hust.edu.cn; wmwhite@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2327 EP 2327 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2347751 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300001 ER PT J AU Tang, W Golby, K LaCour, M Knowles, T AF Tang, Wilkin Golby, Ken LaCour, Matthew Knowles, Timothy TI Experimental Study of Electric Field Screening of Four Carbon Fiber Cathodes in a Linear Array Configuration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber cathode; electric field screening; field emission ID EMITTER ARRAYS AB Electric field screening caused by the proximity of individual field emitters in a field emitter array influences the current that can be obtained. This paper describes the image with four carbon fiber field emitters at a 500 mu m separation in a linear configuration to isolate and quantify the effect of electric field screening. C1 [Tang, Wilkin] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matthew] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Knowles, Timothy] Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM wilkin.tang@kirtland.af.mil; kgolby@sandia.gov; mlacour@sandia.gov; tknowles@esli.com FU Laboratory Research Independent Research through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Research Independent Research through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2580 EP 2581 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2322996 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300128 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Sun, LR Murphy, NR Jakubiak, R AF Jones, John G. Sun, Lirong Murphy, Neil R. Jakubiak, Rachel TI Optical Multichannel Imaging of Pulsed Laser Deposition of ZnO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Imaging; materials preparation; Zinc Oxide AB Pulsed laser deposition is an efficient technique to obtain stoichiometric material transfer from target to substrate and has been used by researchers and in industry for depositing materials for use in applications ranging from hard coatings and superconductors to optical materials. The images detailed here will demonstrate the unique plume evolution that occurs and the high-speed ionic species, and slow-speed neutral and molecular species that travel from target material to substrate. C1 [Jones, John G.; Murphy, Neil R.; Jakubiak, Rachel] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sun, Lirong] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.jones.66@us.af.mil; lirong.sun.2.ctr@us.af.mil; neil.murphy.1@us.af.mil; rachel.jakubiak@us.af.mil OI Jones, John/0000-0001-8271-0038 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2590 EP 2591 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2342159 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300133 ER PT J AU Meyer, JK Merlino, RL Heinrich, JR Kim, SH AF Meyer, John K. Merlino, Robert L. Heinrich, Jonathon R. Kim, Su-Hyun TI Flow of Dusty Plasma Around an Obstacle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dusty plasmas AB Single frame video images of dusty plasmas flowing around a conducting wire are presented in this paper. The images were obtained by laser illumination of the dust suspension with the reflected light recorded using a fast video camera. The images from two different configurations are shown. The first image records the formation of a bow shock formed when a supersonic dust cloud impinges on a thin-wire biased to repel the negatively charged dust. The second image shows the deflection of a thin stream of dust particles around a negatively charged wire. C1 [Meyer, John K.; Merlino, Robert L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Heinrich, Jonathon R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kim, Su-Hyun] Columbia Basin Coll, Div Math & Sci, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Meyer, JK (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-k-meyer@uiowa.edu; robert-merlino@uiowa.edu; jonathon.heinrich@gmail.com; skim@columbiabasin.edu FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy and in part by the National Science Foundation. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2690 EP 2691 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2302374 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300183 ER PT J AU Schmitt-Sody, A Lucero, A Kamer, B French, D AF Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Lucero, Adrian Kamer, Brian French, David TI Plasma Generation by Laser Filamentation in Air SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear optics; ultrafast optics AB Streak cameras, with high-temporal resolution, are a powerful tool to image light propagation and plasma dynamics. Here, we present the image of a 2.2-TW peak power, 50-fs laser pulse, propagating in a nonlinear fashion over a distance of 1.3 m, leaving behind plasma. A direct measurement of the Rayleigh scattering of the pulse and the plasma emission are presented here. C1 [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; Lucero, Adrian; Kamer, Brian; French, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Schmitt-Sody, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andreas.schmitt-sody.1@us.af.mil FU AFOSR [11RD10COR]; SMART Scholarship Program FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under Grant 11RD10COR and in part by the SMART Scholarship Program. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2692 EP 2693 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2307172 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300184 ER PT J AU Antonaglia, J Xie, X Tang, Z Tsai, CW Qiao, JW Zhang, Y Laktionova, MO Tabachnikova, ED Yeh, JW Senkov, ON Gao, MC Uhl, JT Liaw, PK Dahmen, KA AF Antonaglia, J. Xie, X. Tang, Z. Tsai, C. -W. Qiao, J. W. Zhang, Y. Laktionova, M. O. Tabachnikova, E. D. Yeh, J. W. Senkov, O. N. Gao, M. C. Uhl, J. T. Liaw, P. K. Dahmen, K. A. TI Temperature Effects on Deformation and Serration Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) SO JOM LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL-ELEMENT ALLOYS; V-ZR SYSTEM; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; STRAIN-RATE; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; PHASE-COMPOSITION; SOLID-SOLUTION AB Many materials are known to deform under shear in an intermittent way with slip avalanches detected as acoustic emission and serrations in the stress-strain curves. Similar serrations have recently been observed in a new class of materials, called high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Here, we discuss the serration behaviors of several HEAs from cryogenic to elevated temperatures. The experimental results of slow compression and tension tests are compared with the predictions of a slip-avalanche model for the deformation of a broad range of solids. The results shed light on the deformation processes in HEAs. Temperature effects on the distributions of stress drops and the decrease of the cutoff (i.e., of the largest observed slip size) for increasing temperature qualitatively agree with the model predictions. The model is used to quantify the serration characteristics of HEAs, and pertinent implications are discussed. C1 [Antonaglia, J.; Dahmen, K. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xie, X.; Tang, Z.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tsai, C. -W.; Yeh, J. W.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Qiao, J. W.] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Laktionova, M. O.; Tabachnikova, E. D.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, BI Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Senkov, O. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gao, M. C.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Gao, M. C.] USR Corp, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Antonaglia, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dahmen@illinois.edu RI ZHANG, Yong/B-7928-2009; OI ZHANG, Yong/0000-0002-6355-9923; Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271, CMMI-1100080]; Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) [00119262]; DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE-0008855]; NSF [DMR-1005209, DMS-1069224]; DOE [FE0011194]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51010001, 51001009]; 111 Project [B07003]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team of the University; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0438]; Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX X.X., Z.T., and P. K. L. appreciate the financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271, and CMMI-1100080), the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) 00119262, and the DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-FE-0008855) with C. Huber, C. V. Cooper, D. Finotello, A. Ardell, E. Taleff, V. Cedro, R.O. Jensen, L. Tan, and S. Lesica as contract monitors. K. A. D. and J.A. gratefully acknowledge the NSF Grants DMR-1005209 and DMS-1069224 with D. Hess and J. Curry as contract monitors. K. A. D., X. X., and P. K. L. thank DOE for the support through project FE0011194 with the project manager S. Markovich. Y.Z. appreciates the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51010001 and 51001009), 111 Project (B07003), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team of the University. M. C. G. and P. K. L. very much appreciate the support from the U.S. Army Research Office project (W911NF-13-1-0438) with the program manager S.N. Mathaudhu. Work of ONS was supported through the Air Force on-site contract FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. All authors are grateful to the suggestions and comments of Dr. D. B. Miracle. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 97 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD OCT PY 2014 VL 66 IS 10 BP 2002 EP 2008 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-1130-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AT0HG UT WOS:000344617000007 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Woodward, C Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Woodward, C. Miracle, D. B. TI Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum-Containing Refractory High-Entropy Alloys SO JOM LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL ELEMENT ALLOYS; SOLID-SOLUTION PHASE; V-ZR SYSTEM; NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; LOW-DENSITY; STABILITY; DESIGN AB A new metallurgical strategy, high-entropy alloying (HEA), was used to explore new composition and phase spaces in the development of new refractory alloys with reduced densities and improved properties. Combining Mo, Ta, and Hf with "low-density'' refractory elements (Nb, V, and Zr) and with Ti and Al produced six new refractory HEAs with densities ranging from 6.9 g/cm(3) to 9.1 g/cm(3). Three alloys have single-phase disordered body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures and three other alloys contain two bcc nanophases with very close lattice parameters. The alloys have high hardness, in the range from H-v = 4.0 GPa to 5.8 GPa, and compression yield strength, sigma(0.2) = 1280 MPa to 2035 MPa, depending on the composition. Some of these refractory HEAs show considerably improved high temperature strengths relative to advanced Ni-based superalloys. Compressive ductility of all the alloys is limited at room temperature, but it improves significantly at 800 degrees C and 1000 degrees C. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Woodward, C.; Miracle, D. B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund; Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Discussions with Drs. D. Dimiduk, H. Fraser, J. Miller, J. Tiley, S. L. Semiatin, and G. Viswanathan are appreciated. This work was supported through the Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund and through the Air Force on-site contract no. FA8650-10-D-5226 operated by UES, Inc., Dayton, OH. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 16 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD OCT PY 2014 VL 66 IS 10 BP 2030 EP 2042 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-1066-0 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AT0HG UT WOS:000344617000010 ER PT J AU Nikolaev, P Hooper, D Perea-Lopez, N Terrones, M Maruyama, B AF Nikolaev, Pavel Hooper, Daylond Perea-Lopez, Nestor Terrones, Mauricio Maruyama, Benji TI Discovery of Wall-Selective Carbon Nanotube Growth Conditions via Automated Experimentation SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube synthesis; automatic; selectivity ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; SUPER GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; FORESTS; WATER; DIAMETER; OPTIMIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; ACETYLENE AB Applications of carbon nanotubes continue to advance, with substantial progress in nanotube electronics, conductive wires, and transparent conductors to name a few. However, wider application remains impeded by a lack of control over production of nanotubes with the desired purity, perfection, chirality, and number of walls. This is partly due to the fact that growth experiments are time-consuming, taking about 1 day per run, thus making it challenging to adequately explore the many parameters involved in growth. We endeavored to speed up the research process by automating CVD growth experimentation. The adaptive rapid experimentation and in situ spectroscopy CVD system described in this contribution conducts over 100 experiments in a single day, with automated control and in situ Raman characterization. Linear regression modeling was used to map regions of selectivity toward single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotube growth in the complex parameter space of the water-assisted CVD synthesis. This development of the automated rapid serial experimentation is a significant progress toward an autonomous closed-loop learning system: a Robot Scientist. C1 [Nikolaev, Pavel; Hooper, Daylond; Maruyama, Benji] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nikolaev, Pavel; Hooper, Daylond] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Perea-Lopez, Nestor; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nikolaev, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pavel.nikolaev.ctr@us.af.mil RI Perea-Lopez, Nestor/A-2683-2010 OI Perea-Lopez, Nestor/0000-0002-3197-759X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2014 VL 8 IS 10 BP 10214 EP 10222 DI 10.1021/nn503347a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AS0FC UT WOS:000343952600055 PM 25299482 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Cao, YC Casbeer, DW AF Garcia, Eloy Cao, Yongcan Casbeer, David Wellman TI Decentralized event-triggered consensus with general linear dynamics SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Cooperative control; Event-based control; Multi-agent systems; Consensus; Linear systems ID DOUBLE-INTEGRATOR DYNAMICS; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS; COMMUNICATION DELAYS; AVERAGE CONSENSUS; SYNCHRONIZATION; STABILITY; NETWORKS AB The consensus problem with general linear dynamics and undirected graphs is studied in this paper by means of event-triggered control strategies. A novel consensus protocol is proposed, where each agent implements a model of the decoupled dynamics of its neighbors. Under this control strategy, transmission of information does not occur continuously but only at discrete points in time. The approach presented in this paper provides both a decentralized control law and a decentralized communication policy. We are able to design thresholds that only depend on local information and guarantee asymptotic consensus. Positive inter-event times are guaranteed for particular cases of the linear dynamics. In an extension, a positive constant is added to the thresholds in order to exclude Zeno behavior for general linear dynamics. The difference between agents trajectories can be bounded in this case and bounds on the state disagreement are derived. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Garcia, Eloy; Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David Wellman] WPAFB, AFRL, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com; yongcan.cao@gmail.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 EI 1873-2836 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2633 EP 2640 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.08.024 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AS3XA UT WOS:000344207300022 ER PT J AU Medeiros, E Doraiswamy, H Berger, M Silva, CT AF Medeiros, Esdras Doraiswamy, Harish Berger, Matthew Silva, Claudio T. TI Using Physically Based Rendering to Benchmark Structured Light Scanners SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article ID MODEL; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; DEFOCUS AB Structured light scanning is ubiquituous in 3D acquisition. It is capable of capturing high geometric detail at a low cost under a variety of challenging scene conditions. Recent methods have demonstrated robustness in the presence of artifacts due to global illumination, such as inter-reflections and sub-surface scattering, as well as imperfections caused by projector defocus. For comparing approaches, however, the quantitative evaluation of structured lighting schemes is hindered by the challenges in obtaining ground truth data, resulting in a poor understanding for these methods across a wide range of shapes, materials, and lighting configurations. In this paper, we present a benchmark to study the performance of structured lighting algorithms in the presence of errors caused due to the above properties of the scene. In order to do this, we construct a synthetic structured lighting scanner that uses advanced physically based rendering techniques to simulate the point cloud acquisition process. We show that, under conditions similar to that of a real scanner, our synthetic scanner replicates the same artifacts found in the output of a real scanner. Using this synthetic scanner, we perform a quantitative evaluation of four different structured lighting techniques - gray-code patterns, micro-phase shifting, ensemble codes, and unstructured light scanning. The evaluation, performed on a variety of scenes, demonstrate that no one method is capable of adequately handling all sources of error - each method is appropriate for addressing distinct sources of error. C1 [Medeiros, Esdras] Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Doraiswamy, Harish; Silva, Claudio T.] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Berger, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Medeiros, E (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. FU IBM Faculty Award; Moore-Sloan Data Science Environment at NYU; NYU School of Engineering; NSF [CNS-1229185]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [3825/11-6] FX The authors would like to thank Jonathas Costa for his help with the PBRT rendering software. This work was supported in part by an IBM Faculty Award, the Moore-Sloan Data Science Environment at NYU, the NYU School of Engineering, NSF award CNS-1229185, and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES # 3825/11-6). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0167-7055 EI 1467-8659 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 7 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1111/cgf.12475 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS6JF UT WOS:000344369200008 ER PT J AU French, DM Hoff, BW AF French, David M. Hoff, Brad W. TI Spatially Dispersive Ferrite Nonlinear Transmission Line With Axial Bias SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High power microwave generation; nonlinear circuits; pulse power systems ID GENERATION; WAVES AB A spatially dispersive nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) using axially biased ferrite as the nonlinear medium has been developed. The NLTL is frequency tunable from 0.95 to 1.45 GHz with adjustment of the axial biasing field. A circuit model describing the dispersion of the line has been developed and compared with experimental measurements and time and frequency domain simulations. Instantaneous peak power levels exceeding 100 MW and average power levels of 10s of MW with durations from 4 to 17 ns have been observed. C1 [French, David M.; Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM david.french@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA [LRIR-12DR02COR] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA, under Grant LRIR-12DR02COR. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3387 EP 3390 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2348492 PN 3 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9EI UT WOS:000344545500011 ER PT J AU Su, SC Bangar, H Saldanha, R Pemberton, A Aronow, B Dean, GE Lamkin, TJ Hassett, DJ AF Su, Shengchang Bangar, Hansraj Saldanha, Roland Pemberton, Adin Aronow, Bruce Dean, Gary E. Lamkin, Thomas J. Hassett, Daniel J. TI Construction and characterization of stable, constitutively expressed, chromosomal green and red fluorescent transcriptional fusions in the select agents, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, and Burkholderia pseudomallei SO MICROBIOLOGYOPEN LA English DT Article DE GFP; RFP; fluorescent tagging; select agents; Bacillus anthracis; Yersinia pestis; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia pseudomallei ID CAUSATIVE AGENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN GFP; HOST-CELLS; MUTAGENESIS; RESISTANCE; CLONING; SYSTEM; PLAGUE; THAILANDENSIS AB Here, we constructed stable, chromosomal, constitutively expressed, green and red fluorescent protein (GFP and RFP) as reporters in the select agents, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Using bioinformatic approaches and other experimental analyses, we identified P0253 and P1 as potent promoters that drive the optimal expression of fluorescent reporters in single copy in B. anthracis and Burkholderia spp. as well as their surrogate strains, respectively. In comparison, Y. pestis and its surrogate strain need two chromosomal copies of cysZK promoter (P2cysZK) for optimal fluorescence. The P0253-, P2cysZK-, and P1-driven GFP and RFP fusions were first cloned into the vectors pRP1028, pUC18R6KT-mini-Tn7T-Km, pmini-Tn7-gat, or their derivatives. The resultant constructs were delivered into the respective surrogates and subsequently into the select agent strains. The chromosomal GFP- and RFP-tagged strains exhibited bright fluorescence at an exposure time of less than 200msec and displayed the same virulence traits as their wild-type parental strains. The utility of the tagged strains was proven by the macrophage infection assays and lactate dehydrogenase release analysis. Such strains will be extremely useful in high-throughput screens for novel compounds that could either kill these organisms, or interfere with critical virulence processes in these important bioweapon agents and during infection of alveolar macrophages. C1 [Su, Shengchang; Bangar, Hansraj; Dean, Gary E.; Hassett, Daniel J.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Saldanha, Roland; Pemberton, Adin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Aronow, Bruce] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Biomed Informat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Lamkin, Thomas J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lamkin, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect, Area B,2510 5th St,Bldg 840,Room 200, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Lamkin@wpafb.af.mil; Daniel.Hassett@UC.Edu FU United States Defense Threats Reduction Agency INSIGHTS Program FX We acknowledge support from the United States Defense Threats Reduction Agency INSIGHTS Program. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-8827 J9 MICROBIOLOGYOPEN JI MicrobiologyOpen PD OCT PY 2014 VL 3 IS 5 BP 610 EP 629 DI 10.1002/mbo3.192 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AR7LQ UT WOS:000343761600003 PM 25044501 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Clarson, SJ AF Iacono, Scott T. Clarson, Stephen J. TI Silicon and Energy SO SILICON LA English DT Article DE Silicon; Energy; Solar cells; Batteries; Green materials; Sustainability AB Since man discovered fire there has been an ongoing interest in energy. However, as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, energy, water and food are the most valuable resources for human life and therefore energy is central for technology innovation. Since the turn of the 18th century, there remain tremendous challenges in order to provide sustainable and environmentally responsible energy and material resources for advancing and developing society as a whole. Silicon-based materials, in particular, play a vital role in enabling technologies that can offer promising solutions to achieve renewable and sustainable energy pathways for the future. Herein, we highlight selected articles that are on the forefront to addressing the limited availability, high-cost, and new potential for Si-based materials for emerging energy technologies. These articles include descriptions of the processing of silicon for solar cell applications and batteries which are based on new small molecule silicon systems. C1 [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Clarson, Stephen J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Clarson, Stephen J.] Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu; stephen.clarson@uc.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-990X EI 1876-9918 J9 SILICON-NETH JI Silicon PD OCT PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s12633-014-9205-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AR8NM UT WOS:000343831700002 ER PT J AU Campos, R Mansur, AA Cook, CH Batchelor, B Iacono, ST Smith, DW AF Campos, Raymond Mansur, Aleksander A. Cook, Chloe H. Batchelor, Benjamin Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI AB-type monomers for the preparation of perfluorocycloalkene (PFCA) aryl ether polymers SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AB type monomers; Perfluorocycloalkene; Fluoroolefin monomers; Semi-fluorinated polymers; Step-growth polymerization; Nucleophilic vinylic substitution ID CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; FLUORINATED CYCLIC OLEFIN; CHAIN EXTENSION; CROSS-LINKING; 1,2-DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE; OCTAFLUOROCYCLOPENTENE; COPOLYMERIZATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS; MEMBRANES AB A method for the preparation of AB-type monomers with complimentary fluoro-olefin and phenol functionalities is described. The three-step process is amenable to commercial scale up and uses widely-available, commercial reagents including bisphenols and perfluorocycloalkene (PFCA) compounds. Title compounds and intermediates were characterized via multi-nuclear NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy providing structural and mechanistic elucidation of PFCA step-growth polymerizations. The formation of vinyl and allyl substituted products were quantified and shown to be dependent on PFCA ring size and reaction medium. Nearly equal amounts of vinyl- and allyl-substituted products were observed with perfluorocyclohexene (PFCH) while 2-11% allyl-substitution was observed with perfluorocyclopentene (PFCP), depending on reaction medium polarity. Previous PFCA research and characterization of title compounds suggests that fluoride-catalyzed rearrangement is primarily responsible the formation of two substitution products. Polymerization of an AB-type monomer derived from bisphenol A is demonstrated and was shown to reproducibly result in film-forming polymers with higher molecular weights than previously described methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Campos, Raymond; Mansur, Aleksander A.; Batchelor, Benjamin; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Campos, Raymond; Mansur, Aleksander A.; Batchelor, Benjamin; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid Nano Tech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Cook, Chloe H.] The Woodlands High Sch, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu; dwsmith@utdallas.edu FU Welch Foundation; NSF-MRI grant [CHE-1126177]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemcial and Biological Defense (MIPR) [HDTRA13964] FX UTD authors would like to thank the Welch Foundation for financial support and for providing talented high-school student scholars as part of the Welch Foundation Summer Research Program. We also acknowledge the NSF-MRI grant (CHE-1126177) used to purchase the Bruker Advance III 500 NMR spectrometer. STI recognizes funding support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemcial and Biological Defense (MIPR no. HDTRA13964). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 166 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.07.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AR5NJ UT WOS:000343630900009 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Tondiglia, VP McConney, ME Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Tondiglia, Vincent P. McConney, Michael E. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI Color-Tunable Mirrors Based on Electrically Regulated Bandwidth Broadening in Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; optical materials; polymer stabilization; color; photonic band gap ID PHASE-TRANSITION; LIGHT SHUTTERS; PITCH; BAND; NETWORKS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; REFLECTION; FILMS; GELS; EXCITATION AB We report on the preparation of color-tunable mirrors based on electrically regulated bandwidth broadening of the circularly polarized reflection of polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). A number of improvements relating to the practical implementation of these materials are detailed including color and bandwidth stability, baseline optical properties, and response times. Experimentation reported herein focuses on the contribution of structural chirality, viscoelastic properties of the polymer network architecture, and electro-optic drive schemes. Through the examination of samples prepared in different conditions and compositions, we further elucidate the dominant role of structural chirality as well as the impact of cross-linking of the polymer stabilizing network on the threshold voltage and relative change in bandwidth per voltage (Delta(Delta lambda)/V). Furthermore, the appearance of nonideal optical properties (scatter and haze) in some samples is shown to be correlated with the polymer/LC compatibility and effectiveness of structural templating. Due to the employment of an electromechanical displacement mechanism, the switching times of the PSCLCs are slower than mechanisms based on liquid crystal reorientation. However, a potential approach is identified to reduce the on and off switching times to approximately 1 s. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; McConney, Michael E.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 1 IS 10 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/ph500259h PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AR0QQ UT WOS:000343276800017 ER PT J AU Bowen, C Bidinger, J Hivnor, C Hoover, A Henning, JS AF Bowen, Casey Bidinger, Jeff Hivnor, Chad Hoover, Aaron Henning, Jeffrey Scott TI Allergic Contact Dermatitis to 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; SKIN CLOSURE; ADHESIVES; DERMABOND AB Cyanoacrylates are widely used as topical skin adhesives in emergency departments, clinics, and operating rooms. We report 4 patients who developed allergic contact dermatitis (A CD) following postsurgical closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. These patients were challenged with a novel method of use testing to confirm sensitivity to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The popularity of skin adhesives makes this emerging allergen worthy of examination. It is possible that cyanoacrylate allergy currently is underrecognized. C1 [Bowen, Casey; Bidinger, Jeff; Hivnor, Chad; Hoover, Aaron; Henning, Jeffrey Scott] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bowen, C (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr South, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM caseybowen.2@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 EI 2326-6929 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2014 VL 94 IS 4 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA AR0QF UT WOS:000343275700006 PM 25372253 ER PT J AU Stankorb, SM Ramsey, C Clark, H Osgood, T AF Stankorb, Susan M. Ramsey, Casside Clark, Heidi Osgood, Tamara TI Provision of Nutrition Support Therapies in the Recent Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts SO NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE nutrition assessment; wounds and injuries; trauma centers; nutritional support; medical ethics; trauma ID CARE AIR TRANSPORT; EN-ROUTE CARE; MILITARY; TRAUMA AB This article describes the experience of nutrition support practitioners, specifically dietitians, providing care to combat casualties. It provides a brief overview of dietitians' induction into armed service but focuses primarily on their role in providing nutrition support during the most recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The current system of combat casualty care is discussed with specific emphasis on providing early and adequate nutrition support to U. S. combat casualties from injury, care in theater combat support hospitals (CSHs)/expeditionary medical support (EMEDs), and en route care during critical care air transport (CCAT) up to arrival at treatment facilities in the United States. The article also examines practices and challenges faced in the CSHs/EMEDs providing nutrition support to non-U.S. or coalition patients. Over the past decade in armed conflicts, dietitians, physicians, nurses, and other medical professionals have risen to challenges, have implemented systems, and continue working to optimize treatment across the spectrum of combat casualty care. C1 [Stankorb, Susan M.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. [Stankorb, Susan M.; Clark, Heidi] US Mil Baylor Grad Program Nutr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Stankorb, Susan M.; Ramsey, Casside; Osgood, Tamara] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Ramsey, Casside] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Clark, Heidi] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Osgood, Tamara] Evans Army Community Hosp, Ft Carson, CO USA. RP Stankorb, SM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 4254 Hilton Head St, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. EM susan.stankorb.mil@mail.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0884-5336 EI 1941-2452 J9 NUTR CLIN PRACT JI Nutr. Clin. Pract. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1177/0884533614543329 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AQ5ME UT WOS:000342852500005 PM 25606636 ER PT J AU Schmit, RF Grove, JE Semmelmayer, F Haverkamp, M AF Schmit, Ryan F. Grove, James E. Semmelmayer, Frank Haverkamp, Mitchell TI Nonlinear Feedback Mechanisms Inside a Rectangular Cavity SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-LAYER; FLOW; SPEED AB An examination of a rectangular cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of 5.67 was tested at Mach 0.7 and 1.5 with corresponding Reynolds numbers of 6.49 x 10(6) and 7.35 x 10(6)/m, respectively. High-speed shadowgraph movies were simultaneously sampled with dynamic pressure sensors at 75 kHz. From the high-speed shadowgraph movies, observations of the cavity flowfield indicate that linear models like Rossiter's equation and Helmholtz resonance may be too simplistic to correctly model rectangular cavity flow physics. Some of the observations are as follows. In the cavity's shear layer, large-scale vortices have been found to be nonperiodic. The shear-layer convection velocity was determined to be 0.6U(infinity) at both Mach numbers, which is significantly higher than Rossiter's equation predicts for correct peak frequency matching. Shear-layer entrainment of freestream flow starts and feeds the acoustic cycle inside the cavity. There are more acoustic wave in the cavity at any one time than has been considered before, which produce the discrete acoustic tones throughout the frequency spectrum. C1 [Schmit, Ryan F.; Grove, James E.; Semmelmayer, Frank; Haverkamp, Mitchell] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmit, RF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2127 EP 2142 DI 10.2514/1.J052804 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AQ4IR UT WOS:000342759200003 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, MA Pasiliao, CL Dowell, EH AF Padmanabhan, Madhusudan A. Pasiliao, Crystal L. Dowell, Earl H. TI Simulation of Aeroelastic Limit-Cycle Oscillations of Aircraft Wings with Stores SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIGHTER AB Aircraft wings carrying stores are susceptible to nonlinear aeroelastic limit-cycle oscillations, which can lead to reduced flight and mission performance. Limit-cycle-oscillation dynamics and control simulation studies, although of great importance, are often based on simplified typical-section airfoil models. In this work, the more accurate beam-rod representation is used to capture the spanwise varying displacement of a wing with store. The spanwise variation of wing geometry and structural properties, as well as the presence of multiple stores on rigid or flexible mounts, is efficiently modeled by the primitive-modes approach. Aeroelastic limit-cycle oscillation due to structural nonlinearity is demonstrated via time-marching simulations, as well as the computationally more efficient harmonic-balance method. Some novel forms of limit-cycle-oscillation behavior are observed as the model parameters are varied, and these are explained in terms of the flutter/divergence properties of the base linear aeroelastic system. C1 [Padmanabhan, Madhusudan A.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pasiliao, Crystal L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, Munit Aerodynam Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Dowell, Earl H.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Padmanabhan, MA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, POB 90300,144 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2291 EP 2299 DI 10.2514/1.J052843 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AQ4IR UT WOS:000342759200016 ER PT J AU French, DB Mazzoleni, AP AF French, David B. Mazzoleni, Andre P. TI Modeling tether-ballast asteroid diversion systems, including tether mass and elasticity SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Asteroid; Tether; Mitigation; Diversion; Near earth object (NEO); Potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) ID EARTH; APOPHIS AB The risk of an impact between a large asteroid and the Earth has been significant enough to attract the attention of many researchers. This paper focuses on a mitigation technique that involves the use of a long tether and ballast mass to divert an asteroid. When such a tether is modeled as massless and inelastic, results show that the method may be viable for diverting asteroids away from a collision with the Earth; the next step towards demonstrating the viability of the approach is to conduct a study which uses a more realistic tether model. This paper presents such a study, in which the tether models include tether mass and elasticity. These models verify that a tether-ballast system is capable of diverting Earth-threatening asteroids. Detailed parametric studies are presented which illustrate how system performance depends on tether mass and elasticity. Also, case studies are presented which show how more realistic models can aid in the design of tether-ballast asteroid mitigation systems. Key findings include the dangers imposed by periods during which the tether goes slack and ways to preclude this. (C) 2014 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [French, David B.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. [Mazzoleni, Andre P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mazzoleni, Andre P.] AIAA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mazzoleni, AP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM french.usaf@gmail.com; a_mazzoleni@ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD OCT-NOV PY 2014 VL 103 BP 282 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.04.014 PG 25 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AP7NX UT WOS:000342265100026 ER PT J AU Nye, NS Carnahan, DH Jackson, JC Covey, CJ Zarzabal, LA Chao, SY Bockhorst, AD Crawford, PF AF Nye, Nathaniel S. Carnahan, David H. Jackson, Jonathan C. Covey, Carlton J. Zarzabal, Lee A. Chao, Susan Y. Bockhorst, Archie D. Crawford, Paul F. TI Abdominal Circumference Is Superior to Body Mass Index in Estimating Musculoskeletal Injury Risk SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; CENTRAL OBESITY; MILITARY; INJURY; INJURY PREVENTION ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; MORBIDLY OBESE; ARMY TRAINEES; HIP RATIO; ASSOCIATION; OSTEOARTHRITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISORDERS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) in discriminating individual musculoskeletal injury risk within a large population. We also sought to determine whether age or sex modulates the interaction between body habitus and injury risk. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 67,904 US Air Force personnel from 2005 to 2011. Subjects were stratified by age, sex, BMI, adjusted BMI, and AC. New musculoskeletal injuries were recorded relative to body habitus and time elapsed from the start of study. Results: Cox proportional hazards regression revealed increased HR for musculoskeletal injury in those with high-risk AC (males, 939 inches; females, 936 inches) compared with HR in those with low-risk AC (males, <= 35 inches; females, <= 32 inches) in all age categories (18-24 yr: HR = 1.567, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.327-1.849; 25-34 yr: HR = 2.089, 95% CI = 1.968-2.218; >= 35 yr: HR = 1.785, 95% CI = 1.651-1.929). HR for obese (BMI, >= 30 kg.m (2)) compared with that for normal individuals (BMI, <25 kg.m (2)) were less elevated. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a dose-response relation in all age groups but most prominently in 25- to 34-yr-old participants. Time to injury was consistently lowest in 18- to 24-yr-old participants. Score chi-square values, indicating comparative strength of each model for injury risk estimation in our cohort, were higher for AC than those for BMI or adjusted BMI within all age groups. Conclusions: AC is a better predictor of musculoskeletal injury risk than BMI in a large military population. Although absolute injury risk is greatest in 18- to 24-yr-old participants, the effect of obesity on injury risk is greatest in 25- to 34-yr-old participants. There is a dose-response relation between obesity and musculoskeletal injury risk, an effect seen with both BMI and AC. C1 [Nye, Nathaniel S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Carnahan, David H.; Zarzabal, Lee A.; Chao, Susan Y.; Bockhorst, Archie D.] Air Force Med Support Agcy, Healthcare Informat Div, San Antonio, TX USA. [Jackson, Jonathan C.; Covey, Carlton J.; Crawford, Paul F.] Nellis AFB, Nellis Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Nye, NS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Capital Consortium, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nathaniel.nye@gmail.com NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1951 EP 1959 DI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000329 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AP7BS UT WOS:000342233200010 PM 24674973 ER PT J AU Wolf, AJ Hellgren, EC Schauber, EM Bogosian, V Kazmaier, RT Ruthven, DC Moody, RW AF Wolf, Alexander J. Hellgren, Eric C. Schauber, Eric M. Bogosian, Victor, III Kazmaier, Richard T. Ruthven, Donald C., III Moody, Raymond W. TI Variation in vital-rate sensitivity between populations of Texas horned lizards SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fecundity; Life-stage simulation analysis; Lizard; Phrynosoma cornutum; Recruitment; Survival ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CONSERVATION STRATEGIES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DEMOGRAPHIC TACTICS; PHRYNOSOMA-CORNUTUM; LONG-TERM; SURVIVAL; REPTILES AB Demographic studies of imperiled populations can aid managers in planning conservation actions. However, applicability of findings for a single population across a species' range is sometimes questionable. We conducted long-term studies (8 and 9 years, respectively) of 2 populations of the lizard Phrynosoma cornutum separated by 1000 km within the historical distribution of the species. The sites were a 15-ha urban wildlife reserve on Tinker Air Force Base (TAFB) in central Oklahoma and a 6000-ha wildland site in southern Texas, the Chaparral Wildlife Management Area (CWMA). We predicted a trade-off between the effect of adult survival and fecundity on population growth rate (lambda), leading to population-specific contributions of individual vital rates to lambda and individualized strategies for conservation and management of this taxon. The CWMA population had lower adult survival and higher fecundity than TAFB. As predicted, there was a trade-off in the effects of adult survival and fecundity on lambda between the two sites; fecundity affected lambda more at CWMA than at TAFB. However, adult survival had the smallest effect on lambda in both populations. We found that recruitment in P. cornutum most affected lambda at both sites, with hatchling survival having the strongest influence on lambda. Management strategies focusing on hatchling survival would strongly benefit both populations. As a consequence, within the constraint of the need to more accurately estimate hatchling survival, managers across the range of species such as P. cornutum could adopt similar management priorities with respect to stage classes, despite intra-population differences in population vital rates. C1 [Wolf, Alexander J.; Hellgren, Eric C.; Schauber, Eric M.; Bogosian, Victor, III] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Kazmaier, Richard T.] West Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Earth & Environm Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Ruthven, Donald C., III] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Matador Wildlife Management Area, Paducah, TX 79248 USA. [Moody, Raymond W.] Nat Resources, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. RP Wolf, AJ (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 2929 Cty Rd 626, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. EM alex.wolf@mdc.mo.gov OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X FU United States Department of Defense (United States Air Force, Tinker Air Force Base) via the Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystem Unit; Horned Lizard Conservation Society; Headquarters Research, Wildlife Diversity, and Region IV South Texas Research Programs of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [SPR-0290-015]; Welder Wildlife Foundation; (United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Oklahoma State University FX The work in Oklahoma was supported by the United States Department of Defense (United States Air Force, Tinker Air Force Base) via the Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystem Unit (United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Oklahoma State University, and the Horned Lizard Conservation Society small research grants program. Field assistants included D. A. Endriss, J. Hackler, C. Wack, J. Ackley, J. C. Baker, A. Baur, G. Busby, P. Calhoun, M. Castillio, M. Cook, J. Dierks, M. Gage, K. Hitz, M. Johnson, R. Karsch, J. Krupovage, J. Lee, R. Moll, K. Nelson, A. Saenger, B. Sparks, B. Wasserman, B. Watson, and A. Miguel-Zebal. All field work was conducted under protocols approved by Southern Illinois University Carbondale Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC; Protocols 11-043, 08-039, and 05-063), Oklahoma State University IACUC (Protocol AS50836), and permits provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Work in Texas was supported by the Headquarters Research, Wildlife Diversity, and Region IV South Texas Research Programs of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Scientific Permit Number SPR-0290-015), and Welder Wildlife Foundation. D. R. Synatzske was instrumental in on-site facilitation and support. A. L. Burrow. B. A. Moeller, C. Powers, D. Rios, and A. Gandaria assisted with data collection in the field. A special thanks to L. Burrow for her help in making backpacks for horned lizards. We thank three anonymous reviewers for constructive and insightful comments. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 56 IS 4 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s10144-014-0450-5 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP9WZ UT WOS:000342433500006 ER PT J AU Davis, SM Davenport, ED Haynes, JT Alvarado, RL AF Davis, Stephanie M. Davenport, Eddie D. Haynes, Jared T. Alvarado, Rosa L. TI Regurgitant Valvular Disease Prevalence and Progression Found on Echocardiogram in Military Aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aortic insufficiency; mitral regurgitation; cardiac risk factors ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; FUNCTIONAL-CAPACITY; CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY; ACCELERATION FORCES; CARDIAC DIMENSIONS; REHABILITATION; PREVENTION; COMMITTEE; EXERCISE; COUNCIL AB Introduction:The prevalence, progression rates, and outcomes affecting aviator valvular heart disease have not been extensively studied. Methods: The U.S. Air Force (USAF) School of Aerospace Medicine's Clinical Sciences Database was used to determine prevalence and progression rates for regurgitant valvular disease. A subset of the initial population was further evaluated for risk factors that increased the likelihood of progression. Descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, and t-test calculations were completed. Results: There were 8475 unique aviators with some degree of valvular regurgitation for an overall prevalence of 3.0%. The mitral and aortic valves were most likely to have mild and moderate or greater regurgitation, respectively. Progression rates from mild to moderate were 8% in the aortic valve, 2% in the mitral valve, and less than 1% in the pulmonic and tricuspid valves. Progression rates from moderate to severe were over 20% for both the mitral and aortic valves. The only risk factors correlating to progression of valvular disease were lower levels of high-density lipoproteins in the mitral and aortic valves and triglycerides in the mitral valve. Discussion: In USAF aviators, progression rates for mild or greater aortic valve regurgitation and moderate or greater mitral valve regurgitation are significant and should be followed closely. Classic risk factors of age, tobacco use, elevated blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia have no association with increased risk of valvular progression or rate of progression. Study outcomes validate the current USAF policy for valvular heart disease in aviators. C1 [Davis, Stephanie M.] US Air Force, Aerosp Med Educ Div, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Davenport, Eddie D.; Alvarado, Rosa L.] US Air Force, Internal Med Branch, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haynes, Jared T.] US Air Force, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Davis, SM (reprint author), US Air Force, Aerosp Med Educ Div, Sch Aerosp Med, 2510 5th St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephanie.davis@usaf.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3924.2014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AP7MM UT WOS:000342261400005 PM 25245901 ER PT J AU Parr, JC Miller, ME Kabban, CMS Pellettiere, JA Perry, CE AF Parr, Jeffrey C. Miller, Michael E. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert Pellettiere, Joseph A. Perry, Chris E. TI Development of an Updated Tensile Neck Injury Criterion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HMD; pilot; ejection safety; risk curves ID HEAD; EJECTION AB Background: Ejection neck safety remains a concern in military aviation with the growing use of helmet mounted displays (HMDs) worn for entire mission durations. The original USAF tensile neck injury criterion proposed by Carter et al. (4) is updated and an injury protection limit for tensile loading is presented to evaluate escape system and HMD safety. Methods: An existent tensile neck injury criterion was updated through the addition of newer post mortem human subject (PMHS) tensile loading and injury data and the application of Survival Analysis to account for censoring in this data. The updated risk function was constructed with a combined human subject (N = 208) and PMHS (N = 22) data set. Results: An updated AIS 3+ tensile neck injury criterion is proposed based upon human and PMHS data. This limit is significantly more conservative than the criterion proposed by Carter in 2000, yielding a 5% risk of AIS 3+ injury at a force of 1136 N as compared to a corresponding force of 1559 N. Discussion: The inclusion of recent PMHS data into the original tensile neck injury criterion results in an injury protection limit that is significantly more conservative, as recent PMHS data is substantially less censored than the PMHS data included in the earlier criterion. The updated tensile risk function developed in this work is consistent with the tensile risk function published by the Federal Aviation Administration used as the basis for their neck injury criterion for side facing aircraft seats. C1 [Parr, Jeffrey C.; Miller, Michael E.; Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Pellettiere, Joseph A.; Perry, Chris E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Parr, JC (reprint author), AFIT ENV Bld 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.parr@afit.edu FU Neuroscience Branch of the Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [711 HPW/RHCP] FX This research was sponsored by the Neuroscience Branch of the Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing (711 HPW/RHCP), Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. We also thank the reviewers for their input which served to enhance the manuscript. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.3357/ASEM.4020.2014 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AP7MM UT WOS:000342261400007 PM 25245903 ER PT J AU Mustafa, SB Isaac, J Seidner, SR Dixon, PS Henson, BM DiGeronimo, RJ AF Mustafa, Shamimunisa B. Isaac, John Seidner, Steven R. Dixon, Patricia S. Henson, Barbara M. DiGeronimo, Robert J. TI Mechanical stretch induces lung alpha-epithelial Na+ channel expression SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cyclic stretch; epithelial cells; lung; MAP kinase; sodium channels ID FETAL LUNG; PREMATURE RABBITS; LIQUID CLEARANCE; ENAC EXPRESSION; CYCLIC STRETCH; CELLS; ALVEOLAR; FORCES; SURFACTANT; GROWTH AB During fetal development physiological stretching helps drive lung growth and maturation. At birth, the alpha-subunit of the alveolar epithelial sodium channel (alpha-ENaC) is a critical factor in helping to facilitate clearance of lung fluid during the perinatal period. The effects of stretch, however, on alpha-ENaC expression in the fetal lung have yet to be elucidated. In an effort to explore this question, we used both an in vitro cell culture model that exposes cells to repetitive cyclic stretch (CS) as well as an in vivo preterm animal model of mechanical ventilation (MV). We found that murine lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells exposed to repetitive CS showed a significant rise in alpha-ENaC mRNA expression. Total and cell-surface protein abundance of alpha-ENaC were also elevated after 24 h of CS. Stretch-induced increases in alpha-ENaC expression were suppressed in the presence of either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Pharmacological inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) did not attenuate stretch-induced increases in alpha-ENaC protein, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK or c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) did. In 29-day preterm rabbits, alveolar stretching secondary to postnatal MV markedly elevated fetal lung alpha-ENaC expression compared to spontaneously breathing counterparts. In summary, our findings indicate that mechanical stretch promotes alpha-ENaC expression. C1 [Mustafa, Shamimunisa B.; Seidner, Steven R.; Henson, Barbara M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Isaac, John; Dixon, Patricia S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS 859, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [DiGeronimo, Robert J.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Mustafa, SB (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM mustafa@uthscsa.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0190-2148 EI 1521-0499 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 40 IS 8 BP 380 EP 391 DI 10.3109/01902148.2014.934410 PG 12 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA AP6QL UT WOS:000342202200002 PM 25058750 ER PT J AU Naito, C States, J Jackson, C Bewick, B AF Naito, Clay States, Joe Jackson, Christopher Bewick, Bryan TI Assessment of Crumb Rubber Concrete for Flexural Structural Members SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Rubber aggregate; Flexural strength; Constitutive properties; Recycled material; Blast response ID STRENGTH; TIRES AB To address the ever-increasing quantity of scrap tires produced in the United States, a study is conducted on the use of crumb rubber in concrete for enhancement of structures against blast effects. Crumb-rubber concrete (CRC) is produced by replacing a volume percentage of the traditional coarse and/or fine aggregate with crumb-rubber particles. Crumb rubber is produced in various gradations from used vehicle tires. The research program characterizes the mechanical properties of CRC and provides an assessment of the capability of CRC in providing flexural resistance for structural applications. The experimental and analytical investigation found the following four results: (1) crumb rubber replacement of coarse and fine aggregate is done at a cost premium of approximately 0.75 times the replacement percentage; (2) the addition of crumb rubber results in a decrease in unit weight, compression strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus, which are linearly related to the addition of rubber; (3) the modulus of rupture was not sensitive to replacement of up to 40% rubber aggregate; and (4) flexural failure modes occur at lower demand levels due to the use of rubber replacement. The reductions are consistent with the material property conclusions previously discussed. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Naito, Clay] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ATLSS Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [States, Joe] GAI Consultants Inc, Homestead, PA 15120 USA. [Jackson, Christopher] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Bewick, Bryan] Protect Engn Consultants, Austin, TX 78737 USA. RP Naito, C (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, ATLSS Ctr, 117 ATLSS Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM cjn3@lehigh.edu; J.States@gaiconsultants.com; Christopher.Jackson.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; bbewick@protection-consultants.com OI Naito, Clay/0000-0003-3835-8131 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 26 IS 10 AR 04014075 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000986 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AP7AZ UT WOS:000342231200010 ER PT J AU Krucker, S Christe, S Glesener, L Ishikawa, SN Ramsey, B Takahashi, T Watanabe, S Saito, S Gubarev, M Kilaru, K Tajima, H Tanaka, T Turin, P McBride, S Glaser, D Fermin, J White, S Lin, R AF Krucker, Saem Christe, Steven Glesener, Lindsay Ishikawa, Shin-Nosuke Ramsey, Brian Takahashi, Tadayuki Watanabe, Shin Saito, Shinya Gubarev, Mikhail Kilaru, Kiranmayee Tajima, Hiroyasu Tanaka, Takaaki Turin, Paul McBride, Stephen Glaser, David Fermin, Jose White, Stephen Lin, Robert TI FIRST IMAGES FROM THE FOCUSING OPTICS X-RAY SOLAR IMAGER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: miscellaneous; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID RHESSI OBSERVATIONS; QUIET SUN; TELESCOPE; FLARES AB The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) sounding rocket payload flew for the first time on 2012 November 2, producing the first focused images of the Sun above 5 keV. To enable hard X-ray (HXR) imaging spectroscopy via direct focusing, FOXSI makes use of grazing-incidence replicated optics combined with fine-pitch solid-state detectors. On its first flight, FOXSI observed several targets that included active regions, the quiet Sun, and a GOES-class B2.7 microflare. This Letter provides an introduction to the FOXSI instrument and presents its first solar image. These data demonstrate the superiority in sensitivity and dynamic range that is achievable with a direct HXR imager with respect to previous, indirect imaging methods, and illustrate the technological readiness for a spaceborne mission to observe HXRs from solar flares via direct focusing optics. C1 [Krucker, Saem; Glesener, Lindsay; Turin, Paul; McBride, Stephen; Glaser, David; Fermin, Jose; Lin, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krucker, Saem] Univ Appl Sci & Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland. [Christe, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ishikawa, Shin-Nosuke] Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan. [Ramsey, Brian; Gubarev, Mikhail; Kilaru, Kiranmayee] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Watanabe, Shin; Saito, Shinya] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Watanabe, Shin; Saito, Shinya] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Tajima, Hiroyasu] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Tanaka, Takaaki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 606, Japan. [White, Stephen] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Krucker, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Glesener, Lindsay/0000-0001-7092-2703; Christe, Steven/0000-0001-6127-795X FU NASA LCAS grant [NNX08AH42G]; NASA GSRP fellowship [NNX09AM40H]; NASA contract [NAS 5-98033] FX FOXSI was funded by NASA LCAS grant NNX08AH42G and received support from NASA GSRP fellowship NNX09AM40H. RHESSI work is supported by NASA contract NAS 5-98033. The team is grateful to JAXA/ISAS for the donation of detectors and ASICs. We thank the members of the NSROC teams at WSMR and Wallops for the excellent operation of their systems. We also thank the numerous members of the RHESSI and SSL communities who contributed advice and help to the project, particularly Hugh Hudson and Gordon Hurford for providing helpful advice on this Letter. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 793 IS 2 AR L32 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/793/2/L32 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AP2ES UT WOS:000341885900011 ER PT J AU Winter, LM Balasubramaniam, KS AF Winter, L. M. Balasubramaniam, K. S. TI ESTIMATE OF SOLAR MAXIMUM USING THE 1-8 angstrom GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES X-RAY MEASUREMENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID CYCLE 24; EMISSION AB We present an alternate method of determining the progression of the solar cycle through an analysis of the solar X-ray background. Our results are based on the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) X-ray data in the 1-8 angstrom band from 1986 to the present, covering solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. The X-ray background level tracks the progression of the solar cycle through its maximum and minimum. Using the X-ray data, we can therefore make estimates of the solar cycle progression and the date of solar maximum. Based upon our analysis, we conclude that the Sun reached its hemisphere-averaged maximum in solar cycle 24 in late 2013. This is within six months of the NOAA prediction of a maximum in spring 2013. C1 [Winter, L. M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Weather Effects Sect, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Winter, LM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM lwinter@aer.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 793 IS 2 AR L45 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/793/2/L45 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AP2ES UT WOS:000341885900024 ER PT J AU Murphy, J Fu, K Otto, K Yang, M Jensen, D Wood, K AF Murphy, Jeremy Fu, Katherine Otto, Kevin Yang, Maria Jensen, Dan Wood, Kristin TI Function Based Design-by-Analogy: A Functional Vector Approach to Analogical Search SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; GENERATION; SIMILARITY; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Design-by-analogy is a powerful approach to augment traditional concept generation methods by expanding the set of generated ideas using similarity relationships from solutions to analogous problems. While the concept of design-by-analogy has been known for some time, few actual methods and tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from general data sources, databases, or repositories, such as patent databases. A new method for extracting functional analogies from data sources has been developed to provide this capability, here based on a functional basis rather than form or conflict descriptions. Building on past research, we utilize a functional vector space model (VSM) to quantify analogous similarity of an idea's functionality. We quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. We also develop document parsing algorithms to reduce text descriptions of the data sources down to the key functions, for use in the functional similarity analysis and functional vector space modeling. To do this, we apply Zipf's law on word count order reduction to reduce the words within the documents down to the applicable functionally critical terms, thus providing a mapping process for function based search. The reduction of a document into functional analogous words enables the matching to novel ideas that are functionally similar, which can be customized various ways. This approach thereby provides relevant sources of design-by-analogy inspiration. As a verification of the approach, two original design problem case studies illustrate the distance range of analogical solutions that can be extracted. This range extends from very near-field, literal solutions to far-field cross-domain analogies. C1 [Murphy, Jeremy] Schlumberger Ltd, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. [Fu, Katherine] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore 138682, Singapore. [Yang, Maria] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jensen, Dan] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, K (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0855326, CMMI-0855510, CMMI-0855293]; SUTD-MIT international Design Centre (IDC) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Matthew Campbell, Dr. Richard Crawford, and Dr. Joseph Beaman for their discussions and insights on this work. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant Nos. CMMI-0855326, CMMI-0855510, and CMMI-0855293, and the SUTD-MIT international Design Centre (IDC) (http://http://idc.sutd.edu.sg/). NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 10 AR 101102 DI 10.1115/1.4028093 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AO4HV UT WOS:000341298800002 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF AF Drummy, Lawrence F. TI Electron microscopy of organic-inorganic interfaces: Advantages of low voltage SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Organic/inorganic interfaces; Nanoparticles; Low voltage; Contrast; Beam damage; Organic materials ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; THIN-FILMS; POLYMER; NANOCOMPOSITES; SEMICONDUCTOR; REFLECTIVITY; ASSEMBLIES; RESOLUTION; PENTACENE; DYNAMICS AB Low voltage electron microscopy has been applied to many types of materials in the last several decades with great success. The extremely strong interaction of the low voltage electrons with the sample gives high scattering contrast, however it can also result in significant damage of the specimen. Irreparable damage to several types of organic materials results from their large cross section for ionization, or radiolysis, at low voltage. Knock-on damage, which is significant at high voltages for many ceramics, semiconductors, minerals and ordered carbonaceous material such as graphene, is often reduced at low voltages. For organics which damage by radiolysis, measured beam stability increases at higher voltages, but the mass-thickness contrast is also reduced. An increased defocus can be used to generate phase contrast at higher voltages, although it comes at the expense of resolution, as the first zero in the contrast transfer function moves toward larger length scales with increasing defocus. Several examples of low and high voltage (5 kV up to 300 kV) experimental TEM images of organic-inorganic interfaces are used to demonstrate these phenomena. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lawrence.drummy.1@us.af.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2014 VL 145 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.05.001 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA AN8FG UT WOS:000340838100010 PM 24912848 ER PT J AU Hallenbeck, PC Grogger, M Veverka, D AF Hallenbeck, Patrick C. Grogger, Melanie Veverka, Donald TI Recent Advances in Microbial Electrocatalysis SO ELECTROCATALYSIS LA English DT Review DE Microbial fuel cell; Electrocynthesis; Microbial electrocatalysis; Desalination; Electromethanogenesis ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; FUEL-CELL; BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; COMMODITY CHEMICALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BPV SYSTEM; ELECTROSYNTHESIS; OPERATION AB Microbial electrocatalysis is a relatively new field of research in which the intrinsic metabolic capacities of various microbes are coupled with inorganic electrodes to carry out interesting chemical conversions. Given the great diversity in microbial metabolic pathways, a wide variety of processes are possible and have been demonstrated in principle. The generation of electrical currents coupled with the degradation of wastes or the capture of light energy is under extensive investigation. This area has seen the greatest development with an over tenfold increase in power densities in the past decade. A relatively new development is electrosynthesis, the electrically driven fixation of CO2 into various chemicals. Moreover, microbial electrochemical devices can be used to carry out desalination or "unbalanced" chemical conversions. Microbial electrocatalysis has the advantages of the exquisite specificity and regioselectivity of biochemical reactions coupled with the robustness and self-duplicating properties of living systems. Here, recent advances in this area are reviewed with significant achievements highlighted. As well, the major factors limiting practical application are discussed along with future directions for improvement. C1 [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Grogger, Melanie; Veverka, Donald] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectol & Immunol, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM Patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca FU Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy FX PCH holds a National Research Council Research Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 141 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1868-2529 EI 1868-5994 J9 ELECTROCATALYSIS-US JI Electrocatalysis PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s12678-014-0198-x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA AM3EV UT WOS:000339736500001 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Cliver, EW Kahler, SW AF Reames, Donald V. Cliver, Edward W. Kahler, Stephen W. TI Abundance Enhancements in Impulsive Solar Energetic-Particle Events with Associated Coronal Mass Ejections SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; Shock waves; Solar energetic particles; Solar system abundances ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PROTON EVENTS; HEAVY-IONS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; CHARGE STATES; HIGH-ENERGIES; FLARE EVENTS; BLOWOUT JETS; 1 AU AB We study the abundances of the elements He through Pb in Fe-rich impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events with measurable abundances of ions with atomic number Z > 2 observed on the Wind spacecraft, and their relationship with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). On an average the element abundances in these events are similar to coronal abundances at low Z but, for heavier elements, enhancements rise as a power law in the mass-to-charge ratio A/Q of the ions (at coronal temperatures of 2.5 <= 3 MK) to a factor of 3 at Ne, 9 at Fe, and 900 for 76 >= signZa parts per thousand currency >= 82. Energy dependences of abundances are minimal in the 2 <= 15 MeV amu(-1) range. The 111 of these Fe-rich impulsive SEP events we found, between November 1994 and August 2013 using the Wind spacecraft, have a 69 % association rate with CMEs. The CMEs are narrow with a median width of 75(a similar to), are characteristically from western longitudes on the Sun, and have a median speed of >= 600 km s(-1). Nearly all SEP onsets occur within 1.5 <= 5 h of the CME onset. The faster (> 700 km s(-1)), wider CMEs in our sample are related to SEPs with coronal abundances indicating hot coronal plasma with fully ionized He, C, N and O and moderate enhancements of heavier elements, relative to He, but slower (< 700 km s(-1)), narrower CMEs emerge from cooler plasma where higher SEP mass-to-charge ratios, A/Q, yield much greater abundance enhancements, even for C/He and O/He. Apparently, the open magnetic-reconnection region where the impulsive SEPs are accelerated also provides the energy to drive out CME plasma, accounting for a strong, probably universal, impulsive SEP-CME association. C1 [Reames, Donald V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cliver, Edward W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kahler, Stephen W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dvreames@umd.edu; ecliver@nso.edu; stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX S.K. and E.C. were funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. We acknowledge the use of the Wind/WAVES data. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 289 IS 10 BP 3817 EP 3841 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0547-1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL8JQ UT WOS:000339384900011 ER PT J AU Brieland-Shoultz, A Tawfick, S Park, SJ Bedewy, M Maschmann, MR Baur, JW Hart, AJ AF Brieland-Shoultz, Anna Tawfick, Sameh Park, Sei Jin Bedewy, Mostafa Maschmann, Matthew R. Baur, Jeffery W. Hart, A. John TI Scaling the Stiffness, Strength, and Toughness of Ceramic-Coated Nanotube Foams into the Structural Regime SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; foam; carbon nanotube; ceramic; mechanics ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; COMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; MECHANICS; AEROGELS; DENSITY AB Natural materials such as bone and tooth achieve precisely tuned mechanical and interfacial properties by varying the concentration and orientation of their nanoscale constituents. However, the realization of such control in engineered foams is limited by manufacturing-driven tradeoffs among the size, order, and dispersion uniformity of the building blocks. It is demonstrated how to manufacture nanocomposite foams with precisely controllable mechanical properties via aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) growth followed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By starting with a low density CNT forest and varying the ALD coating thickness, we realize predictable approximate to 1000-fold control of Young's modulus (14 MPa to 20 GPa, where E approximate to (2.8)), ultimate compressive strength (0.8 MPa to 0.16 GPa), and energy absorption (0.4 to 400 J cm(-3)). Owing to the continuous, long CNTs within the ceramic nanocomposite, the compressive strength and toughness of the new material are 10-fold greater than commercially available aluminum foam over the same density range. Moreover, the compressive stiffness and strength equal that of compact bone at 10% lower density. Along with emerging technologies for scalable patterning and roll-to-roll manufacturing and lamination of CNT films, coated CNT foams may be especially suited to multifunctional applications such as catalysis, filtration, and thermal protection. C1 [Brieland-Shoultz, Anna; Tawfick, Sameh; Park, Sei Jin; Bedewy, Mostafa] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Baur, Jeffery W.] AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tawfick, Sameh; Hart, A. John] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Brieland-Shoultz, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ajhart@mit.edu RI Hart, A. John/A-9027-2010; Tawfick, Sameh/A-6249-2014 OI Hart, A. John/0000-0002-7372-3512; Tawfick, Sameh/0000-0003-3645-527X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0089]; Office of Naval Research [N000141210815]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-10-C-0192]; DARPA; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health [DMR-0225180] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Young Investigator Program, FA9550-11-1-0089), the Office of Naval Research (Young Investigator Program, N000141210815), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-10-C-0192). Support from DARPA was received under Agreement to NextGen Aeronautics, and any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of NextGen Aeronautics and/or DARPA. Microfabrication was performed at the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility (LNF), which is a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN); and electron microscopy was performed at the Michigan Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory (EMAL). SAXS was performed at the G1 beamline at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) at Cornell University, which is supported by supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health under Grant DMR-0225180. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 58 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 36 BP 5728 EP 5735 DI 10.1002/adfm.201400851 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ2MX UT WOS:000342621900011 ER PT J AU Wie, JJ Wang, DH Lee, KM Tan, LS White, TJ AF Wie, Jeong Jae Wang, David H. Lee, Kyung Min Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. TI Molecular Engineering of Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides To Enhance Both Photomechanical Work and Motion SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL NETWORK ACTUATORS; SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; AZO POLYMER-FILMS; SIDE-CHAIN; LIGHT; GLASSY; RELAXATION; TOPOLOGIES; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Photomechanical effects in polymeric materials directly convert input photonic energy into a macroscopic mechanical output. The photoinitiated mechanical output of these materials is typically dominated by classical mechanics, primarily derived from the material stiffness and sample geometry. Accordingly, large magnitude shape change (e.g., motion) is typically traded for large magnitude force generation. Here, we report on the systematic preparation and comparison of photomechanical effects in a set of isomerically varied linear and cross-linked azobenzene-functionalized materials that demonstrate the critical role of segmental mobility (evident in the magnitude of the beta-transition) to assimilate the typically exclusive properties of large force generation and large shape change in a single material. C1 [Wie, Jeong Jae; Wang, David H.; Lee, Kyung Min; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon.Tan@us.af.mil; Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 23 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 18 BP 5223 EP 5230 DI 10.1021/cm5018757 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AP6JU UT WOS:000342184900009 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Johnson, RS Shuman, NS Guo, H Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Johnson, Ryan S. Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Viggiano, Albert A. TI Temperature-Dependent Kinetics of Charge Transfer, Hydrogen-Atom Transfer, and Hydrogen-Atom Expulsion in the Reaction of CO+ with CH4 and CD4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; THERMAL-ACTIVATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; METHANE; CATIONS; MIXTURES AB We have determined the rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of CO+ with CH4 and CD4 in a variable-temperature selected ion flow tube. We find that the rate constants are collisional for all temperatures measured (193-700 K for CH4 and 193-500 K for CD4). For the CH4 reaction, three product channels are identified, which include charge transfer (CH4+ + CO), H-atom transfer (HCO+ + CH3), and H-atom expulsion (CH3CO+ + H). H-atom transfer is slightly preferred to charge transfer at low temperature, with the charge-transfer product increasing in contribution as the temperature is increased (H-atom expulsion is a minor product for all temperatures). Analogous products are identified for the CD4 reaction. Density functional calculations on the CO+ + CH4 reaction were also conducted, revealing that the relative temperature dependences of the charge-transfer and H-atom transfer pathways are consistent with an initial charge transfer followed by proton transfer. C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Johnson, Ryan S.; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15694] FX A.A.V. and J.J.M. wish to dedicate this article to Prof. Will Castleman, Jr. in recognition of his many important contributions to physical chemistry and his positive influence as a teacher, colleague, mentor, and friend. We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. R.S.J. and H.G. are supported by the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER15694). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 18 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 37 BP 8141 EP 8146 DI 10.1021/jp500591h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AP5KV UT WOS:000342119000013 PM 24588097 ER PT J AU Li, W Mourenas, D Artemyev, AV Agapitov, OV Bortnik, J Albert, JM Thorne, RM Ni, B Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB AF Li, W. Mourenas, D. Artemyev, A. V. Agapitov, O. V. Bortnik, J. Albert, J. M. Thorne, R. M. Ni, B. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. TI Evidence of stronger pitch angle scattering loss caused by oblique whistler-mode waves as compared with quasi-parallel waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oblique whistler; chorus waves; pitch angle scattering; electron precipitation ID CHORUS WAVES; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; PRECIPITATION; DIRECTIONS; STATISTICS; DIFFUSION AB Wave normal distributions of lower-band whistler-mode waves observed outside the plasmapause exhibit two peaks: one near the parallel direction and the other at very oblique angles. We analyze a number of conjunction events between the Van Allen Probes near the equatorial plane and Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) at conjugate low altitudes, where lower-band whistler-mode wave amplitudes were inferred from the two-directional POES electron measurements over 30-100keV, assuming that these waves were quasi-parallel. For conjunction events, the wave amplitudes inferred from the POES electron measurements were found to be overestimated as compared with the Van Allen Probes measurements primarily for oblique waves and quasi-parallel waves with small wave amplitudes (< similar to 20pT) measured at low latitudes. This provides plausible experimental evidence of stronger pitch angle scattering loss caused by oblique waves than by quasi-parallel waves with the same magnetic wave amplitudes, as predicted by numerical calculations. C1 [Li, W.; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Ni, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mourenas, D.] CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. [Artemyev, A. V.] LPC2E CNRS Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. [Artemyev, A. V.] RAS, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Agapitov, O. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agapitov, O. V.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine. [Albert, J. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Ni, B.] Wuhan Univ, Dept Space Phys, Sch Elect Informat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM moonli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Agapitov, Oleksiy/F-9636-2010; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU JHU/APL under NASA [967399, 921647, NAS5-01072]; NASA LWS TRT program; EMFISIS [1001057397:01]; ECT [13-041]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, NNX13AI61G, NNH11AR78I]; NSF GEM [AGS-1405054]; Russian Ministry of Education [MK-1781.2014.2]; NSFC [41204120]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042014kf0251] FX This work was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072 and the NASA LWS TR&T program. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS sub-award 1001057397:01, ECT sub-award 13-041, NASA grants NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, and NNX13AI61G, and NSF GEM grant of AGS-1405054. Work of A. Artemyev was partially supported by the Russian Ministry of Education (project # MK-1781.2014.2). J. Albert would like to acknowledge NASA grant NNH11AR78I. B. Ni thanks the support from the NSFC grant 41204120 and from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities grant 2042014kf0251. We acknowledge the Van Allen Probes data from the EMFISIS instrument obtained from https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index. We also would like to thank the NOAA POES team especially Janet Green for providing the NOAA POES data (obtained from http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/) and helpful advice on the use of the data. We are also grateful for the ESA Cluster Active Archive (http://caa.estec.esa.int/caa/home.xml) for providing the STAFF-SA dataset. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 17 BP 6063 EP 6070 DI 10.1002/2014GL061260 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4IH UT WOS:000342757400001 ER PT J AU Wiebe, R Spottswood, SM AF Wiebe, R. Spottswood, S. M. TI Co-existing responses and stochastic resonance in post-buckled structures: A combined numerical and experimental study SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID DUFFING OSCILLATOR; INTERMINGLED BASINS; MOTION; NOISE; SYSTEMS AB Much of what is known about co-existing responses in nonlinear systems under both deterministic and random dynamic loading is limited to phenomenological investigations of discrete systems, most commonly, the Duffing equation. From these results alone, it is difficult to extrapolate the behavior of the distributed nonlinear systems more commonly seen in real structures such as budded beams and curved panels. This is because, beyond the simple increase in dimension, real systems bring with them imperfections and more complex forms of energy dissipation. The possibility of co-existing responses, particularly in the case of simultaneous "safe" and "unsafe" solutions (e.g. snap-through and non-snap-through), poses potential problems for engineers as it multiplies the worldoad, since one must be very careful to ensure that a particular simulation or experiment has captured the most critical response. Even in the case where random forces dominate the overall loading of a system, a situation in which one might anticipate an equally random response, a very small harmonic component can have an influence beyond its proportion. This effect, known as stochastic resonance, is quite counterintuitive to the analyst more familiar with linear systems where the principles of superposition and scalar multiplication of solutions make this impossible. In this paper, the effect of the damping and noise level on the number of co-existing responses in nonlinear systems is investigated. Stochastic resonance is also demonstrated, first with a double-well Duffing oscillator, and then it is shown to exist experimentally, we believe for the first time, on a macroscopic structure, that being, an (imperfect) buckled beam. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiebe, R.; Spottswood, S. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiebe, R (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM rwiebe@co.utcdayton.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 14 PY 2014 VL 333 IS 19 BP 4682 EP 4694 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.04.055 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AK4JA UT WOS:000338389800018 ER PT J AU Kettwich, SC Kappagantula, K Kusel, BS Avjian, EK Danielson, ST Miller, HA Pantoya, ML Iacono, ST AF Kettwich, Sharon C. Kappagantula, Keerti Kusel, Bradley S. Avjian, Eryn K. Danielson, Seth T. Miller, Hannah A. Pantoya, Michelle L. Iacono, Scott T. TI Thermal investigations of nanoaluminum/perfluoropolyether core-shell impregnated composites for structural energetics SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Hybrid materials; Composite materials; Nanoparticles; Energetic materials; Epoxides ID ALUMINUM; DECOMPOSITION; BEHAVIOR AB An operationally simple blendable approach to producing structural energetic composites loaded with nanoaluminum (n-Al) particles coated by perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) yields shape moldable, structurally flexible materials. The epoxide system of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-DGE) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are partially cured with an energetic blend of n-Al/PFPE core-shell particles and mechanically mixed and produce a homogeneous composite material whereby energetic potency is indefinitely shelf-stable. The composites are characterized by a suite of thermal techniques using DSC, TGA, and SDT in addition to open flame burn rate and heat of combustion measurements. This composite system may further expand the use of energetic materials with tailorable exothermic properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kettwich, Sharon C.; Kusel, Bradley S.; Avjian, Eryn K.; Danielson, Seth T.; Miller, Hannah A.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kettwich, Sharon C.; Kusel, Bradley S.; Avjian, Eryn K.; Danielson, Seth T.; Miller, Hannah A.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kappagantula, Keerti; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kettwich, SC (reprint author), Temple Coll, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, 2600 South First St, Temple, TX 76504 USA. EM ckettwich@gmail.com; scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Eglin Air Force Base; US Air Force Academy [FA7000-10-2-0038]; Army Research Office [W911NF1110439]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX SCK acknowledges funding for this work made available by Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin Air Force Base, sponsored by the US Air Force Academy under agreement number FA7000-10-2-0038. MLP recognizes support from the Army Research Office contract number W911NF1110439. Partial funding for STI was through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 591 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2014.07.016 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AO6QR UT WOS:000341477100007 ER PT J AU Rhoby, MR Blunck, DL Gross, KC AF Rhoby, Michael R. Blunck, David L. Gross, Kevin C. TI Mid-IR hyperspectral imaging of laminar flames for 2-D scalar values SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION FLAME; FT-IR; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION AB This work presents a new emission-based measurement which permits quantification of two-dimensional scalar distributions in laminar flames. A Michelson-based Fourier-transform spectrometer coupled to a mid-infrared camera (1.5 mu m to 5.5 mu m) obtained 256 x 128 pixel hyperspectral flame images at high spectral (delta(nu) over tilde = 0.75cm(-1)) and spatial (0.52 mm) resolutions. The measurements revealed line and band emission from H2O, CO2, and CO. Measurements were collected from a well-characterized partially-premixed ethylene (C2H4) flame produced on a Hencken burner at equivalence ratios, Phi, of 0.8; 0.9; 1.1; and 1.3. After describing the instrument and novel calibration methodology, analysis of the flames is presented. A single-layer, line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to retrieve path-averaged temperature, H2O, CO2 and CO column densities from emission spectra between 2.3 mu m to 5.1 mu m. The radiative transfer model uses line intensities from the latest HITEMP and CDSD-4000 spectroscopic databases. For the Phi = 1.1 flame, the spectrally estimated temperature for a single pixel 10mm above burner center was T = (2318 +/- 19) K, and agrees favorably with recently reported laser absorption measurements, T = (2348 +/- 115) K, and a NASA CEA equilibrium calculation, T = 2389K. Near the base of the flame, absolute concentrations can be estimated, and H2O, CO2, and CO concentrations of (12.5 +/- 1.7) %, (10.1 +/- 1.0) %, and (3.8 +/- 0.3) %, respectively, compared favorably with the corresponding CEA values of 12.8%, 9.9% and 4.1%. Spectrally-estimated temperatures and concentrations at the other equivalence ratios were in similar agreement with measurements and equilibrium calculations. 2-D temperature and species column density maps underscore the Phi-dependent chemical composition of the flames. The reported uncertainties are 95% confidence intervals and include both statistical fit errors and the propagation of systematic calibration errors using a Monte Carlo approach. Systematic errors could warrant a factor of two increase in reported uncertainties. This work helps to establish IFTS as a valuable combustion diagnostic tool. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Rhoby, Michael R.; Gross, Kevin C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rhoby, Michael R.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH USA. [Blunck, David L.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 18 BP 21600 EP 21617 DI 10.1364/OE.22.021600 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO5ZZ UT WOS:000341428000046 PM 25321539 ER PT J AU Li, XN Ju, Z Li, F Huang, Y Xie, YM Fu, ZP Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Li, Xiaoning Ju, Zheng Li, Feng Huang, Yan Xie, Yueming Fu, Zhengping Knize, R. J. Lu, Yalin TI Visible light responsive Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 nanoshelf photocatalysts with ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL POLAR FIELD; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTROLLED FABRICATION; BIFEO3 NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; BI5TI3FEO15; PERFORMANCE; PEROVSKITE; WATER AB In this work, single-phase ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) layer-structured semiconductive Aurivillius Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 nanoshelves with a direct band gap of similar to 2.22 eV were controllably synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The nanoshelf structure could suppress the unwanted aggregation problem introduced by spontaneous polarization and ensure a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area. The Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 nanoshelves with co-existing FE and FM properties were demonstrated as visible-light-driven photocatalysts for decomposing Rhodamine B. This finding may open a window for developing new visible-light-driven photocatalysts because the used layer-structured Aurivillius phase has significant potential in elemental doping and further structural engineering applications. C1 [Li, Xiaoning; Ju, Zheng; Li, Feng; Huang, Yan; Xie, Yueming; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, R. J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000] FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000). NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 95 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PD SEP 7 PY 2014 VL 2 IS 33 BP 13366 EP 13372 DI 10.1039/c4ta01799d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AN3UP UT WOS:000340514500023 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Lee, J Farmer, BL Voevodin, AA Roy, AK AF Varshney, Vikas Lee, Jonghoon Farmer, Barry L. Voevodin, Andrey A. Roy, Ajit K. TI Modeling of cross-plane interface thermal conductance between graphene nano-ribbons SO 2D Materials LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; graphene nano-ribbons; interface thermal conductance; edge roughness; tensile strain; temperature dependence ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HEAT-TRANSFER; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONICS; COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSISTORS; REDUCTION AB Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics for thermal energy transfer, we investigate the interfacial thermal conductance between non-covalently interacting graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) of varying lengths and widths in a cross-contact (x-shaped) geometry. Our results show that the out-of-plane conductance between GNRs can vary significantly (up to a factor of 4) depending upon their geometric parameters. We observe that when plotted against aspect ratio, the predicted interface thermal conductance values fit excellently on a single master-plot with a logarithmic scaling, suggesting the importance of GNR aspect ratio towards thermal conductance. We propose a model based on incorporating different thermal conductance characteristics of edge and inner interacting regions which predicts the observed logarithmic dependence on aspect ratio. We also study the effect of graphene edge roughness, temperature, and strain on out-of-plane thermal conductance and discuss the observed results based on local vibrational characteristics of atoms within interacting region, number of interacting phonons, and the degree to which they interact across the interaction zone. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon; Farmer, Barry L.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Roy, Ajit K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306AR8P] FX The authors are very grateful to US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for the financial support (Lab Task # 2306AR8P: PM-Dr Ali Sayir) and Department of Defense Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC) for computational time to carry out the simulations. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1583 J9 2D MATER JI 2D Mater. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 AR 025005 DI 10.1088/2053-1583/1/2/025005 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CG9PZ UT WOS:000353650400010 ER PT J AU Craig, CL Loeffler, GH AF Craig, Cassandra L. Loeffler, George H. TI The Ketamine Analog Methoxetamine: A New Designer Drug to Threaten Military Readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TEXAS POISON CENTERS; PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES; RECREATIONAL USE; DERIVATIVE METHOXETAMINE; LEGAL HIGHS AB Recent years have seen the emergence and proliferation of "legal highs" or "designer drugs," compounds purposefully designed as legal alternatives to controlled substances of abuse. This article describes methoxetamine, a dissociative drug belonging to the arylcyclohexylamine class including phencyclidine and ketamine. Methoxetamine acts principally on the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and the serotonin receptor. It is sold as a white or off-white powder. Marketed as a "bladder friendly" alternative to ketamine, preliminary research suggests renal and cystic toxicity similar to ketamine. Methoxetamine is primarily ingested nasally, though also orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, and rectally. Users report dissociative features and, at higher doses, an "m-hole" experience akin to ketamine's "k-hole" described as extreme depersonalization and derealization. The 13 cases of acute methoxetamine toxicity described in the literature are summarized. The toxidrome consists of dissociation/delirium, sympathetic activation, and cerebellar symptoms. Methoxetamine is not detected in standard urine drug tests and there are no reliable laboratory findings. Management of acute methoxetamine toxicity is supportive, consisting of benzodiazepines, antiemetics, intravenous fluids, and respiratory support as indicated. Should methoxetamine conform to the observed 2-year lag of designer drugs migrating from Europe to the United States usage may increase in early 2014. C1 [Craig, Cassandra L.] 81st Med Grp, Med Operat Squadron 81, Keesler AFB, MS 39531 USA. [Loeffler, George H.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Craig, CL (reprint author), 81st Med Grp, Med Operat Squadron 81, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39531 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 179 IS 10 BP 1149 EP 1157 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00470 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LH UT WOS:000349098300016 PM 25269134 ER PT J AU Barron, LG Ogle, AD AF Barron, Laura G. Ogle, Alan D. TI Individual Differences in Instructor Attitudes Underlying Maltreatment and Effective Mentoring in Basic Military Training SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE authoritarianism; hostile sexism; personnel selection; individual differences ID SOCIAL-DOMINANCE ORIENTATION; RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM; RAPE-MYTH-ACCEPTANCE; SEXUAL AGGRESSION; ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE; AMBIVALENT SEXISM; BENEVOLENT SEXISM; JOB-PERFORMANCE; WORK BEHAVIOR; METAANALYSIS AB U.S. Air Force noncommissioned officers assigned to basic military training instructor (MTI) duty completed measures of attitudes previously linked to sexual harassment and sexual assault in the research literature: (a) attitudes of antipathy toward women (hostile sexism, Glick & Fiske, 1996), and (b) attitudes favoring authoritarian use of power. Concurrent validation against trainee evaluations of MTIs on broader criteria showed that proauthoritarian attitudes were negatively associated with ratings of MTI effectiveness in mentoring and leadership; additionally, MTIs with stronger attitudes of hostile sexism were more likely reported as engaging in maltreatment of female trainees. These initial results contribute to ongoing understanding of individual differences as relevant to improve screening for a position of authority over the lowest ranking, and potentially most vulnerable military members. Directions for future research and implications for personnel selection and broader cultural changes are discussed. C1 [Barron, Laura G.; Ogle, Alan D.] US Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio, TX USA. RP Barron, LG (reprint author), HQ AFPC DSYX, 550 C St W,Ste 45, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM laura.barron@us.af.mil NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD SEP-NOV PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5-6 BP 386 EP 396 DI 10.1037/mil0000053 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AW1AD UT WOS:000346021800004 ER PT J AU Holtom, BC Smith, DR Lindsay, DR Burton, JP AF Holtom, Brooks C. Smith, Daryl R. Lindsay, Douglas R. Burton, James P. TI The Relative Strength of Job Attitudes and Job Embeddedness in Predicting Turnover in a US Military Academy SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turnover; job satisfaction; organizational commitment; job embeddedness; person-organization fit ID PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT; VOLUNTARY TURNOVER; CHOICE DECISIONS; GOAL CONGRUENCE; COMMITMENT; METAANALYSIS; CONSEQUENCES; ANTECEDENTS; SELECTION; PEOPLE AB This longitudinal study explored the relative strength of job satisfaction, components of organizational commitment, dimensions of job embeddedness and person-organization fit as predictors of voluntary turnover at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Using survey data from 643 first-and second-year cadets, we found that job satisfaction, affective commitment, on-the-job embeddedness, and person-organization fit were significantly negatively related to turnover. Based on relative weights analysis, we found the most powerful predictor of cadet turnover was person-organization fit, which has important implications for military leaders. C1 [Holtom, Brooks C.] Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Smith, Daryl R.] Mt St Joseph Univ, Dept Org Leadership, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Lindsay, Douglas R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Burton, James P.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Management, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Holtom, BC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM bch6@georgetown.edu NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD SEP-NOV PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5-6 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1037/mil0000055 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AW1AD UT WOS:000346021800005 ER PT J AU Stephani, KA Boyd, ID Balthazor, RL McHarg, MG Mueller, BA Adams, RJ AF Stephani, K. A. Boyd, I. D. Balthazor, R. L. McHarg, M. G. Mueller, B. A. Adams, R. J. TI Analysis and observation of spacecraft plume/ionosphere interactions during maneuvers of the space shuttle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; THRUSTER; IONS AB This work employs in situ measurement data and constructive simulations to examine the underlying physical mechanisms that drive spacecraft plume interactions with the space environment in low-Earth orbit. The study centers on observations of the enhanced flux of plasma generated during a maneuver of Space Shuttle Endeavour as part of the Sensor Test for Orion Relative Navigation Risk Mitigation experiment in May 2011. The Canary electrostatic analyzer (ESA) instrument mounted on the portside truss of the International Space Station indicated an elevated ion current during the shuttle maneuver. The apparent source of enhanced ion current is a result of interaction of the spacecraft thruster plume with the rarefied ambient ionosphere, which generates regions of relatively high density plasma through charge exchange between the neutral plume and ambient ions. To reconstruct this event, unsteady simulation data were generated using a combined direct simulation Monte Carlo/particle-in-cell methodology, which employed detailed charge exchange cross-section data and a magnetic field model. The simulation provides local plasma characteristics at the ESA sensor location, and a sensor model is subsequently used to transform the local properties into a prediction of measured ion current. The predicted and observed total currents are presented as a function of time over a 30 s period of pulsed thruster firings. A strong correlation is observed in the temporal characteristics of the simulated and measured total current, and good agreement is also achieved in the total current predicted by the model. These results support conclusions that (1) the enhanced flux of plasma observed by the ESA instrument is associated with Space Shuttle thruster firings and (2) the simulation model captures the essential features of the plume interactions based on the observation data. C1 [Stephani, K. A.; Boyd, I. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Balthazor, R. L.; McHarg, M. G.; Mueller, B. A.] USAF Acad, Fairchild Dr, CO USA. [Adams, R. J.] Barron Associates Inc, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Stephani, KA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ksteph@illinois.edu RI Stephani, Kelly/C-1782-2015; OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate and Barron Associates, Inc.; AFRL [FA9453-11-C-0181] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate and Barron Associates, Inc. Work was performed under subcontract to Barron Associates, Inc. through AFRL contract FA9453-11-C-0181. Space Shuttle thruster data used in this research were provided by NASA and the DOD Space Test Program. The authors also wish to acknowledge contributions made to this work by J. FitzGerald, K. Kalamaroff, D. Musick, and P.C. Neal. The STP-H3 payload complement is integrated and flown on the ISS under the management and direction of the Department of Defense Space Test Program, Human Spaceflight Payloads Office. Information regarding the observation data used to produce the results of this paper may be obtained from M. G. McHarg (Matthew.Mcharg@usafa.edu). Computational resources and technical support were provided by the Center for Advanced Computing at the University of Michigan. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 DI 10.1002/2013JA019476 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BN UT WOS:000344810200042 ER PT J AU Zheng, LH Chan, AA Albert, JM Elkington, SR Koller, J Horne, RB Glauert, SA Meredith, NP AF Zheng, Liheng Chan, Anthony A. Albert, Jay M. Elkington, Scot R. Koller, Josef Horne, Richard B. Glauert, Sarah A. Meredith, Nigel P. TI Three-dimensional stochastic modeling of radiation belts in adiabatic invariant coordinates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PART I IMPLICIT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; SEMIIMPLICIT SCHEMES; DIFFUSION TENSOR; PITCH-ANGLE; RESONANT INTERACTION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; DYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB A 3-D model for solving the radiation belt diffusion equation in adiabatic invariant coordinates has been developed and tested. The model, named Radbelt Electron Model, obtains a probabilistic solution by solving a set of Ito stochastic differential equations that are mathematically equivalent to the diffusion equation. This method is capable of solving diffusion equations with a full 3-D diffusion tensor, including the radial-local cross diffusion components. The correct form of the boundary condition at equatorial pitch angle alpha(0) = 90 degrees is also derived. The model is applied to a simulation of the October 2002 storm event. At alpha(0) near 90 degrees, our results are quantitatively consistent with GPS observations of phase space density (PSD) increases, suggesting dominance of radial diffusion; at smaller alpha(0), the observed PSD increases are overestimated by the model, possibly due to the alpha(0)-independent radial diffusion coefficients, or to insufficient electron loss in the model, or both. Statistical analysis of the stochastic processes provides further insights into the diffusion processes, showing distinctive electron source distributions with and without local acceleration. C1 [Zheng, Liheng; Chan, Anthony A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Albert, Jay M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Elkington, Scot R.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, Josef] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Horne, Richard B.; Glauert, Sarah A.; Meredith, Nigel P.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Zheng, LH (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM zhengliheng@rice.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Mission Directorate [NNX11AJ38G, NNX10AL02G] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NNX11AJ38G and NNX10AL02G issued through the Science Mission Directorate. We gratefully acknowledge Los Alamos National Lab for providing phase space density data and Air Force Research Lab and British Antarctic Survey for supplying chorus wave diffusion coefficients. Liheng Zheng wishes to thank Xin Tao for valuable discussions about the SDE method. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 DI 10.1002/2014JA020127 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BN UT WOS:000344810200041 ER PT J AU Nordeen, CA Schwer, D Schauer, F Hoke, J Barber, T Cetegen, B AF Nordeen, C. A. Schwer, D. Schauer, F. Hoke, J. Barber, Th. Cetegen, B. TI Thermodynamic model of a rotating detonation engine SO COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE rotating detonation engine; continuous detonation; thermodynamic model; ZND model; velocity triangles; Euler turbine equation; swirl ID PROPULSION; COMBUSTION; CHAMBER AB The conventional Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) detonation theory is modified with two-dimensional velocity vectors to account for the performance and steady-state flow features of a rotating detonation engine. The developed analytical model explains many of the steady-state features of the rotating detonation and its thermodynamics. The generation of swirl is shown to be the primary mechanism of energy transfer. C1 [Nordeen, C. A.; Barber, Th.; Cetegen, B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Schwer, D.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schauer, F.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoke, J.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nordeen, CA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM can03005@engr.uconn.edu FU Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. FX This work was sponsored by a contract from Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-5082 EI 1573-8345 J9 COMBUST EXPLO SHOCK+ JI Combust. Explos. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 568 EP 577 DI 10.1134/S0010508214050128 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA AR6WB UT WOS:000343720000012 ER PT J AU Tang, W Shiffler, D Golby, K LaCour, M Knowles, T AF Tang, Wilkin Shiffler, Don Golby, Ken LaCour, Matthew Knowles, Tim TI Field enhancement for fiber emitters in linear and rectangular arrays SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION AB One of the key issues for understanding the emission physics of field emitters is the determination of the field enhancement factor beta. Quantifying beta is complicated by determining accurate values for the work function and emission area. In this article, the authors consider two and four carbon fiber emitters in linear and square arrays in which the geometry, hence beta, can be carefully controlled, while computational methods allow an estimate of the emission area. In order to reduce the effects of work function variation between different fibers, all the carbon fiber cathodes the authors use are made with the same materials and underwent the same manufacturing process. This approach reduces the influence of work function and emission area on experimental results. While single emitter tips and large arrays of emitters (similar to 1000 s) have been studied in the past, this article addresses the emission of low numbers (<10) of field emitters in carefully controlled geometries. Studying such configurations allows us to develop a model that leads to greater physical insight for beta and the emission process. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Tang, Wilkin; Shiffler, Don] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matthew] Leidos Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Knowles, Tim] Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM wilkin.tang.1@us.af.mil FU LRIR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank J. W. Luginsland, K. L. Jensen, and J. L. Lebowitz for many helpful discussion and insight regarding this work. This work was supported by an LRIR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP PY 2014 VL 32 IS 5 AR 052202 DI 10.1116/1.4891928 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AQ7ND UT WOS:000343003600028 ER PT J AU Alejo, A Kar, S Ahmed, H Krygier, AG Doria, D Clarke, R Fernandez, J Freeman, RR Fuchs, J Green, A Green, JS Jung, D Kleinschmidt, A Lewis, CLS Morrison, JT Najmudin, Z Nakamura, H Nersisyan, G Norreys, P Notley, M Oliver, M Roth, M Ruiz, JA Vassura, L Zepf, M Borghesi, M AF Alejo, A. Kar, S. Ahmed, H. Krygier, A. G. Doria, D. Clarke, R. Fernandez, J. Freeman, R. R. Fuchs, J. Green, A. Green, J. S. Jung, D. Kleinschmidt, A. Lewis, C. L. S. Morrison, J. T. Najmudin, Z. Nakamura, H. Nersisyan, G. Norreys, P. Notley, M. Oliver, M. Roth, M. Ruiz, J. A. Vassura, L. Zepf, M. Borghesi, M. TI Characterisation of deuterium spectra from laser driven multi-species sources by employing differentially filtered image plate detectors in Thomson spectrometers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION DRIVEN; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ION-ACCELERATION; GENERATION AB A novel method for characterising the full spectrum of deuteron ions emitted by laser driven multispecies ion sources is discussed. The procedure is based on using differential filtering over the detector of a Thompson parabola ion spectrometer, which enables discrimination of deuterium ions from heavier ion species with the same charge-to-mass ratio (such as C6+, O8+, etc.). Commonly used Fuji Image plates were used as detectors in the spectrometer, whose absolute response to deuterium ions over a wide range of energies was calibrated by using slotted CR-39 nuclear track detectors. A typical deuterium ion spectrum diagnosed in a recent experimental campaign is presented, which was produced from a thin deuterated plastic foil target irradiated by a high power laser. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Alejo, A.; Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Doria, D.; Green, A.; Jung, D.; Lewis, C. L. S.; Nersisyan, G.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Krygier, A. G.; Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Clarke, R.; Fernandez, J.; Green, J. S.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Fernandez, J.; Ruiz, J. A.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Fuchs, J.; Vassura, L.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, CEA, LULI,UPMC, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Kleinschmidt, A.; Roth, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Morrison, J. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Norreys, P.; Oliver, M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Vassura, L.] Univ Rome, Dip SBAI, SAPIENZA, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Zepf, M.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Borghesi, M.] ASCR, Inst Phys, ELI Beamlines Project, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RP Alejo, A (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM s.kar@qub.ac.uk RI Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Doria, Domenico/C-9556-2016; Kar, Satyabrata/E-5220-2010 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Doria, Domenico/0000-0001-8776-5791; FU EPSRC [EP/J002550/1, EP/L002221/1, EP/E035728/1, EP/K022415/1, EP/J500094/1, EP/I029206/1]; Laserlab Europe [EC-GA 284464]; projects ELI [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061]; OPVK 3 [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279] FX The authors acknowledge funding from EPSRC [EP/J002550/1-Career Acceleration Fellowship held by S. K., EP/L002221/1, EP/E035728/1, EP/K022415/1, EP/J500094/1, and EP/I029206/1], Laserlab Europe (EC-GA 284464), projects ELI (Grant No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061) and OPVK 3 (Grant No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279). Authors also acknowledge the support of the mechanical engineering staff of the Central Laser Facility, STFC, UK. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 9 AR 093303 DI 10.1063/1.4893780 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AQ6HE UT WOS:000342910500016 PM 25273715 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Watrous, J Parker, JV Cavazos, T Slenes, K Heidger, S Brown, D Wilson, D AF Domonkos, M. T. Watrous, J. Parker, J. V. Cavazos, T. Slenes, K. Heidger, S. Brown, D. Wilson, D. TI Analysis of folded pulse forming line operation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A compact pulse forming line (CPFL) concept based on a folded transmission line and highbreakdown strength dielectric was explored through an effort combining proof-of-principle experiments with electromagnetic modeling. A small-scale folded CPFL was fabricated using surface-mount ceramic multilayer capacitors. The line consisted of 150 capacitors close-packed in parallel and delivered a 300 ns flat-top pulse. The concept was carried to a 10 kV class device using a polymer-ceramic nanocomposite dielectric with a permittivity of 37.6. The line was designed for a 161 ns FWHM length pulse into a matched load. The line delivered a 110 ns FWHM pulse, and the pulse peak amplitude exceeded the matched load ideal. Transient electromagnetic analysis using the particle-in-cell code ICEPIC was conducted to examine the nature of the unexpected pulse shortening and distortion. Two-dimensional analysis failed to capture the anomalous behavior. Three-dimensional analysis replicated the pulse shape and revealed that the bends were largely responsible for the pulse shortening. The bends not only create the expected reflection of the incident TEM wave but also produce a non-zero component of the Poynting vector perpendicular to the propagation direction of the dominant electromagnetic wave, resulting in power flow largely external to the PFL. This analysis explains both the pulse shortening and the amplitude of the pulse. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Domonkos, M. T.; Heidger, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Watrous, J.] TechFlow, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Parker, J. V.; Cavazos, T.; Brown, D.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Slenes, K.] TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Wilson, D.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Watrous, J.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Parker, J. V.; Cavazos, T.; Brown, D.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094708 DI 10.1063/1.4895768 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AQ6HE UT WOS:000342910500056 PM 25273755 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Harruff-Miller, BA Leatherman, P Gord, MA Bunker, CE AF Lewis, William K. Harruff-Miller, Barbara A. Leatherman, Peter Gord, Michael A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Helium droplet calorimetry of strongly bound species: Carbon clusters from C-2 to C-12 SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR-IONS; HE-4 CLUSTERS; FRAGMENTATION; LIQUID; SPECTROSCOPY; NANODROPLETS; GROWTH; IONIZATION AB Helium droplet beam methods are a versatile technique that can be used to assemble a wide variety of atomic and molecular clusters. In recent years, methods have been developed to utilize helium droplets as nano-calorimeters to measure the binding energies of weakly bound complexes assembled within the droplet. In the current investigation we extend the helium droplet calorimetry approach to the study of a very strongly bound system: carbon clusters which are bound by several eV per atom. We utilize laser heating of bulk carbon samples to dope the helium droplets with evaporated carbon species. Depending on the laser target, the vaporization plume is found to consist primarily of C-3 alone or C-2 and C-3. These species are sequentially captured by the droplet and assembled into larger carbon clusters in a stepwise manner. The assembled C-n clusters are detected via mass spectrometry of the doped droplets and the droplet sizes required to detect the various carbon clusters observed are used to estimate the reaction energies of the associated assembly pathways. The helium droplet data qualitatively reflect the trends in assembly energetics, but at first glance appear to yield energies that differ dramatically from theoretical values. Statistical modeling of the helium droplet calorimetry experiment reconciles the differences quantitatively. Our modeling also generates a calibration curve that relates the assembly/reaction energy and threshold mean droplet size over a range of energies from van der Waals interactions to chemical bonding, enabling helium droplet calorimetry methods to be applied quantitatively to a large number of systems. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lewis, William K.; Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harruff-Miller, Barbara A.; Leatherman, Peter; Gord, Michael A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.lewis.49@us.af.mil; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the support of Dr. Michael Berman and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094102 DI 10.1063/1.4895670 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AQ6HE UT WOS:000342910500043 PM 25273742 ER PT J AU Quarrie, L AF Quarrie, L. TI Theoretical simulations of protective thin film Fabry-Perot filters for integrated optical elements of diode pumped alkali lasers (DPAL) SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID VAPOR AB The lifetime of Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) is limited by damage initiated by reaction of the glass envelope of its gain medium with rubidium vapor. Rubidium is absorbed into the glass and the rubidium cations diffuse through the glass structure, breaking bridging Si-O bonds. A damage-resistant thin film was developed enhancing high-optical transmission at natural rubidium resonance input and output laser beam wavelengths of 780 nm and 795 nm, while protecting the optical windows of the gain cell in a DPAL. The methodology developed here can be readily modified for simulation of expected transmission performance at input pump and output laser wavelengths using different combination of thin film materials in a DPAL. High coupling efficiency of the light through the gas cell was accomplished by matching the air-glass and glass-gas interfaces at the appropriate wavelengths using a dielectric stack of high and low index of refraction materials selected to work at the laser energies and protected from the alkali metal vapor in the gain cell. Thin films as oxides of aluminum, zirconium, tantalum, and silicon were selected allowing the creation of Fabry-Perot optical filters on the optical windows achieving close to 100% laser transmission in a solid optic combination of window and highly reflective mirror. This approach allows for the development of a new whole solid optic laser. 2014 Author (s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Quarrie, L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Quarrie, L.] AFRI RDLC Laser CoE, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Quarrie, L (reprint author), L3 Commun, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. EM Lindsay.Quarrie@l-3com.com FU Center of Excellence in High Power Gas Phase Electric and Hybrid Lasers Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0508] FX The author acknowledges Dr. John Gaudet, formerly of University of New Mexico Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and sponsor Dr. Tony Hostutler of the Center of Excellence in High Power Gas Phase Electric and Hybrid Lasers Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Force Office of Scientific Research under FA9550-06-1-0508. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 4 IS 9 AR 097107 DI 10.1063/1.4895108 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ4ZD UT WOS:000342809700007 ER PT J AU Hodge, MD Heller, ER Vetury, R Shealy, JB AF Hodge, Michael D. Heller, Eric R. Vetury, Ramakrishna Shealy, Jeffrey B. TI Analysis of Time Dependent Electric Field Degradation in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Aluminum gallium nitride; gallium nitride; HEMTs; semiconductor device reliability; transistors ID MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; RELIABILITY; GAN AB The authors report on an electrical and optical analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs stressed under high electric field conditions into a state of permanent degradation, evidenced by an increase in OFF-state leakage current and a reduction in breakdown voltage. A method of stress testing AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to voltages close to breakdown while protecting the device from catastrophic failure is presented. Using this stress method, a detailed study was performed to observe device degradation that limits safe operation in the OFF-state. Electrical analysis reveals that quantitatively the Schottky properties of the gate diode are degraded by the stress and suggests a localized defect. An optical analysis confirms localized degradation via electroluminescence (EL) spots on the stressed side of the gate finger. It is shown that the dominant EL site in the degraded device may be observed prior to the application of stress. Finally, it is confirmed that the localized EL emission of the stressed device is the dominant gate leakage path via thermal imaging. These results suggest a method for identifying and understanding the failure mechanisms that limit the safe operating area of GaN HEMTs. C1 [Hodge, Michael D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hodge, Michael D.; Vetury, Ramakrishna; Shealy, Jeffrey B.] RF Micro Devices, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hodge, MD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. FU National Reconnaissance Office/Air Force Research Laboratory High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center FX This work was supported by the National Reconnaissance Office/Air Force Research Laboratory High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor G. Ghione. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2014 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3151 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2336248 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AQ6GX UT WOS:000342909700019 ER PT J AU Scheible, M Loreille, O Just, R Irwin, J AF Scheible, Melissa Loreille, Odile Just, Rebecca Irwin, Jodi TI Short tandem repeat typing on the 454 platform: Strategies and considerations for targeted sequencing of common forensic markers SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE 454 sequencing; Short tandem repeat; Next generation sequencing ID DEGRADED SKELETAL REMAINS; NEXT-GENERATION; MINISTR LOCI; DNA; GENOME; MITOCHONDRIAL; IDENTIFICATION; ENRICHMENT; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION AB To investigate the feasibility of next generation sequencing technology (NGS) for the multiplex detection and sequence production of short tandem repeats (STRs) from degraded and low DNA quantity samples, standard polymerase chain reaction amplification methods were used to enrich for commonly employed STR markers. Samples were amplified with two multiplexing strategies: a multiplex containing thirteen miniSTR markers and a series of multiplexes containing four miniSTR markers each. Each sample multiplex was barcoded with a sample-specific multiplex identifier for subsequent parallel tagged sequencing on the GS Junior System (454 Life Sciences, a Roche company, Branford, CT). Sequencing results from over fifty DNA extracts representing both pristine samples and low-quality evidentiary specimens reflected known genotypes and were consistent across multiple extracts and/or amplifications of the same sample. Furthermore, the NGS data revealed sequence information not available with standard capillary electrophoresis-based detection alone. For the population samples tested, a total of 152 single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions were identified in over 935 recovered alleles, averaging one polymorphism for every six recovered alleles. For three of the loci, the sequence information doubled the number of alleles detected via traditional STR typing by fragment analysis. In addition, twenty-eight of these variants were only seen once within our dataset, highlighting the potential for discrimination among individuals. These additional data are likely to be particularly valuable in missing persons and disaster victim identification cases for which only partial profiles may be recovered and/or only distant kin are available as references. And, considering the opportunity to target only small amplicons with NGS, this type of STR typing will allow for greater information recovery from challenging casework samples. While our results highlight the potential of new technologies for recovering discriminatory genetic information from evidentiary specimens, our data also reveal the complexities of NGS-based STR typing, both in terms of the laboratory assays themselves as well as the downstream data processing and analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheible, Melissa; Loreille, Odile; Just, Rebecca; Irwin, Jodi] Amer Registry Pathol, Camden, DE USA. [Scheible, Melissa; Loreille, Odile; Just, Rebecca; Irwin, Jodi] Dover AFB, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, DE 19902 USA. RP Scheible, M (reprint author), Dover AFB, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, DE 19902 USA. EM melissa.k.scheible.ctr@mail.mil NR 58 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 12 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.010 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AP9WY UT WOS:000342433400013 PM 24908576 ER PT J AU Xiao, DF Bae, CJ Shen, GJ Delson, E Jin, JJH Webb, NM Qiu, LC AF Xiao, Dongfang Bae, Christopher J. Shen, Guanjun Delson, Eric Jin, Jennie J. H. Webb, Nicole M. Qiu, Licheng TI Metric and geometric morphometric analysis of new hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China) SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Asia; Middle-Late Pleistocene; Mid-Pleistocene Homo (mPH); Homo heidelbergensis; 'Archaic Homo sapiens'; Dentition ID MODERN HUMAN MANDIBLES; SHAPE VARIATION; DENTAL REMAINS; MODERN HUMANS; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; CUSP PROPORTIONS; CROWN MORPHOLOGY; HOMO-ERECTUS; U-SERIES AB We present an analysis of a set of previously unreported hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China), a cave site that is best known for the presence of a partial hominin cranium currently assigned as midPleistocene Homo and that has been traditionally dated to around the Middle-Late Pleistocene transition. A more recent set of Uranium series dates indicate that the Maba travertine may date to >237 ka (thousands of years ago), as opposed to the original U-series date, which placed Maba at 135-129 ka. The fossils under study include five upper first and second molars and a partial left mandible with a socketed m3, all recovered from different parts of the site than the cranium or the dated sediments. The results of our metric and 2D geometric morphometric ('GM') study suggest that the upper first molars are likely from modern humans, suggesting a more recent origin. The upper second molars align more closely with modern humans, though the minimum spanning tree from the 20 GM analysis also connects Maba to Homo neanderthalensis. The patterning in the M2s is not as clear as with the Mls. The m3 and partial mandible are morphometrically intermediate between Holocene modern humans and older Homo sapiens. However, a minimum spanning tree indicates that both the partial mandible and m3 align most closely with Holocene modern humans, and they also may be substantially younger than the cranium. Because questions exist regarding the context and the relationship of the dated travertine with the hominin fossils, we suggest caution is warranted in interpreting the Maba specimens. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Dongfang] Site Museum Maba Hominin, Shaoguan City 512100, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bae, Christopher J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Anthropol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shen, Guanjun] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Delson, Eric] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Delson, Eric; Webb, Nicole M.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY USA. [Delson, Eric; Webb, Nicole M.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Delson, Eric; Webb, Nicole M.] New York Consortium Evolutionary Primatol, New York, NY USA. [Jin, Jennie J. H.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam Afb, HI 96853 USA. [Qiu, Licheng] Guangdong Prov Inst Cultural Rel & Archaeol, Guangzhou 510075, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Bae, CJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Anthropol, 2424 Maile Way,Saunders Hall 346, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cjbae@hawaii.edu; eric.delson@lehman.cuny.edu FU Wenner-Gren Foundation (ICRG) [82]; National Geographic Society [8372-07]; NSF [0966166] FX Generous funding for this research was provided by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (ICRG #82), and the National Geographic Society (#8372-07); NMW was supported by NSF 0966166 (NYCEP IGERT award). An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2011 American Association of Physical Anthropologists conference in Minneapolis, MN. A travel grant to CJB to attend the conference from the Chung-fong and Grace Ning Chinese Studies Travel Fund (Center for Chinese Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa) is dutifully acknowledged. We are grateful to many people for facilitating this research project, including, but not restricted to: Erik Trinkaus for allowing us to take measurements from some of his photos of various hominin fossils; Meehyun Jin for contributing the modern Korean teeth samples; the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (Central Identification Laboratory) for permission to photograph and measure a set of modern human mandibles from their comparative human osteology collection; Gisselle Garcia and Ian Tattersall of the AMNH Division of Anthropology for assistance with access to modern crania and fossil casts; Antonio Rosas (Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid) for graciously providing mandibular measurements on numerous fossils for comparison; Wei Wang of the Guangxi Museum of Nationalities for permission to photograph and measure a set of Neolithic Chinese fossils in his collection; Hua Tu for logistical support during the Maba data collection; F. James Rohlf for quickly answering queries about the sliding semilandmark protocol, tpsUtil, and tpsRelw; Lissa Tallman for also providing assistance with GM and sliding semilandmarks methodologies; Ryan Raaum for assisting with R programming for graphs; Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel and Stephen Lycett for help with the GM methodology and their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript; and Josephine Yucha and Robert Benitez for help with the figures. We appreciate the detailed comments from Mark Teaford, the Associate Editor(s) and anonymous reviewers that served to greatly strengthen this manuscript. We accept full responsibility for any errors that may be present. This is NYCEP Morphometrics Contribution number 58. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 74 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.003 PG 20 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ0MS UT WOS:000342478000001 PM 25104621 ER PT J AU Murnieks, CY Mosakowski, E Cardon, MS AF Murnieks, Charles Y. Mosakowski, Elaine Cardon, Melissa S. TI Pathways of Passion: Identity Centrality, Passion, and Behavior Among Entrepreneurs SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE entrepreneur; passion; identity ID SELF-EFFICACY; VENTURE PERFORMANCE; MEDIATING ROLE; DELIBERATE PRACTICE; HARMONIOUS PASSION; EXPERT PERFORMANCE; OBSESSIVE PASSION; SMALL FIRMS; BUSINESS; COMMITMENT AB This study examines the role of passion among entrepreneurs. In particular, the authors integrate identity theory with the literature surrounding passion to investigate the possible pathways through which entrepreneurial identities might influence passion, as well as the relationship between entrepreneurs' passion and behavior. Structural equation modeling of responses from 221 entrepreneurs suggests that passion rises and falls in connection with entrepreneurial identity centrality and, furthermore, that passion is associated with individual entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This research provides a starting point for investigating the factors that may impact the development of entrepreneurs' passion as well as the specific mechanisms through which passion energizes entrepreneurial action. C1 [Murnieks, Charles Y.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mosakowski, Elaine] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cardon, Melissa S.] Pace Univ, New York, NY 10038 USA. RP Murnieks, CY (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM charles.murnieks@usafa.edu NR 93 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 21 U2 86 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0149-2063 EI 1557-1211 J9 J MANAGE JI J. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1583 EP 1606 DI 10.1177/0149206311433855 PG 24 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA AQ1ZQ UT WOS:000342584800005 ER PT J AU Monroe, AT Reddy, SC Peddada, AV AF Monroe, A. T. Reddy, S. C. Peddada, A. V. TI Dorsal Vagal Complex of the Brainstem: Conformal Avoidance to Reduce Nausea SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Monroe, A. T.] Penrose Canc Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Reddy, S. C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Peddada, A. V.] Penrose Community Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 EI 1879-355X J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 90 SU 1 MA 2860 BP S550 EP S550 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AP8LV UT WOS:000342331402077 ER PT J AU Vishwajeet, K Singla, P Jah, M AF Vishwajeet, Kumar Singla, Puneet Jah, Moriba TI Nonlinear Uncertainty Propagation for Perturbed Two-Body Orbits SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; INTERACTING TARGETS; OBJECT TRACKING; SYSTEMS; FILTERS; STATIONARY; ALGORITHM; EFFICIENT; DENSITY AB The main objective of this paper is to present the development of the computational methodology, based on the Gaussian mixture model, that enables accurate propagation of the probability density function through the mathematical models for orbit propagation. The key idea is to approximate the density function associated with orbit states by a sum of Gaussian kernels. The unscented transformation is used to propagate each Gaussian kernel locally through nonlinear orbit dynamical models. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem is formulated by forcing the Gaussian mixture model approximation to satisfy the Kolmogorov equation at every time instant to solve for the amplitudes of Gaussian kernels. Finally, a Bayesian framework is used on the Gaussian mixture model to assimilate observational data with model forecasts. This methodology effectively decouples a large uncertainty propagation problem into many small problems. A major advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not require the knowledge of system dynamics and the measurement model explicitly. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed ideas. C1 [Vishwajeet, Kumar; Singla, Puneet] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jah, Moriba] US Air Force Res Lab, Adv Sci & Technol Res Inst Astrodynam, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vishwajeet, K (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kumarvis@buffalo.edu; psingla@buffalo.edu RI Singla, Puneet/D-3642-2012 OI Singla, Puneet/0000-0002-2441-2531 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0908403]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0012] FX This material is based upon work jointly supported through National Science Foundation under award number CMMI-0908403 and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number FA9550-11-1-0012. All results and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect opinions of NSF or AFOSR. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1425 DI 10.2514/1.G000472 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP7FS UT WOS:000342243800004 ER PT J AU Hancock, BJ Clark, JP AF Hancock, Braden J. Clark, John P. TI Reducing Shock Interactions in Transonic Turbine via Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Shaping SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; BLADE; FLOWS AB In a high-pressure turbine that is used in combination with a contrarotating low-pressure turbine, the geometry of the low-pressure turbine guide vane gives rise to a shock reflection that has a significant impact on the upstream blade. In consequence, both the performance of the high-pressure turbine and its resistance to high-cycle fatigue failure (i.e., its durability) can be affected. Here, a series of design studies is undertaken in an attempt to mitigate the unsteadiness that arises due to shock interactions in such a turbine. A new method for estimating the forcing function experienced by the high-pressure turbine blade is proposed and evaluated. This method, identified as approximation by surface normal projections, requires only the airfoil geometries and locations as input and demonstrates a significant advantage over an approach to three-dimensional aerodesign consisting exclusively of time-resolved, multirow simulations. The implementation of the approximation by surface normal projections method, in conjunction with a genetic algorithm, is shown to have resulted in superior airfoil geometries with respect to preventing high-cycle fatigue failure and with a reduction of computation time for the analysis of a single airfoil by four orders of magnitude. C1 [Hancock, Braden J.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84604 USA. [Clark, John P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hancock, BJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84604 USA. EM braden.hancock@byu.edu; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1256 DI 10.2514/1.B35027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AQ1HG UT WOS:000342531900013 ER PT J AU Husaboe, TD Polanka, MD Rittenhouse, JA Litke, PJ Hoke, JL AF Husaboe, Travis D. Polanka, Marc D. Rittenhouse, Joshua A. Litke, Paul J. Hoke, John L. TI Dependence of Small Internal Combustion Engine's Performance on Altitude SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The effects of atmospheric pressure and temperature variations on the performance of small internal combustion engines operating at altitudes significantly above sea level are not widely documented. Most small internal combustion engines are designed and manufactured for ground-based applications such as chainsaws and lawn mowers. However, these engines are finding application as power sources for remotely piloted aircraft for both hobbyist and military applications. A test stand with the capability to control atmospheric conditions was developed for representative small internal combustion engines. During previous research, data were recorded to identify the impact of varying engine intake pressure on engine performance both with a carburetor and with a throttle body fuel-injection system delivering a gasoline-oil mixture. Using the stand and fuel-injection system, data were collected while varying air temperature along with pressure. Results revealed a decrease in performance (power and brake mean effective pressure) of nominally 4% per 300 m of elevation due to pressure, while improvements of 1% per 300 m were due to temperature effects. This resulted in a nominal 3% loss per 300 m of altitude. These data were then used to establish an updated correction factor for power due to altitude changes. A speed-dependent model was validated for this small engine. These measurements provide a better understanding of small internal combustion engines operation at altitude. Quantifying these effects is vital for establishing the capability of operating spark-ignition engines at altitudes well above those for which they were designed. C1 [Husaboe, Travis D.; Polanka, Marc D.; Rittenhouse, Joshua A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Litke, Paul J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoke, John L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Husaboe, TD (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1333 DI 10.2514/1.B35133 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AQ1HG UT WOS:000342531900020 ER PT J AU Rankin, BA Gore, JP Hoke, JL Schauer, FR AF Rankin, Brent A. Gore, Jay P. Hoke, John L. Schauer, Frederick R. TI Temperature Estimates of Exhaust Plumes from a Turbine Driven by Pulsed Detonations SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PROPULSION C1 [Rankin, Brent A.; Gore, Jay P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hoke, John L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Sch Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Schauer, Frederick R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rankin, BA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RI Rankin, Brent/A-1598-2017 OI Rankin, Brent/0000-0002-5967-9527 FU Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. FX This work has been funded by Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. The authors gratefully acknowledge Chris Stevens and Curtis Rice for their assistance with operating the pulsed detonation combustor and collecting data. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.2514/1.B35208 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AQ1HG UT WOS:000342531900031 ER PT J AU Miletta, N Miller, ME Lam, T Chung, KK Hivnor, C AF Miletta, Nathanial Miller, Mary E. Lam, Thomas Chung, Kevin K. Hivnor, Chad TI The Management of Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Burn Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report and Treatment Review SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID MYCOPHENOLATE-MOFETIL; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; REFRACTORY PEMPHIGUS; PLASMAPHERESIS THERAPY; BLISTERING DISEASES; ADJUVANT THERAPY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; DOUBLE-BLIND; RITUXIMAB AB Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, potentially fatal, autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Treatment of this disease is problematic because of a lack of high-grade, evidence-based recommendations, the side-effect profiles of the therapies available, and the extensive supportive care that afflicted patients require. The authors present the unfortunate course of a patient with severe pemphigus vulgaris who was admitted to the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Burn Center, to demonstrate the potential complications of therapy. Given the patient's complex course, the authors reviewed the literature and share in this article the most up-to-date treatment recommendations for patients with pemphigus vulgaris. The authors' review of the literature supports using conventional therapy consisting of high-dose corticosteroids and an adjuvant immunosuppressant for mild to moderate cases of pemphigus vulgaris. The immunosuppresants recommended are mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide, in order of preference, based on their side-effect profiles and steroid-sparing effects. For severe or recalcitrant cases of pemphigus vulgaris, the authors recommend adding rituximab as early as possible. If increased risk of infection is of particular concern, the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in place of rituximab is advised. C1 [Miletta, Nathanial] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethseda, MD USA. [Miller, Mary E.; Hivnor, Chad] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lam, Thomas] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Chung, Kevin K.] US Army Inst Surg Res Burn Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hivnor, C (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X EI 1559-0488 J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 35 IS 5 BP E357 EP E363 DI 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000049 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA AP5CZ UT WOS:000342098600011 PM 24572296 ER PT J AU Islam, AE Nikolaev, P Amama, PB Saber, S Zakharov, D Huffman, D Erford, M Sargent, G Semiatin, SL Stach, EA Maruyama, B AF Islam, A. E. Nikolaev, P. Amama, P. B. Saber, S. Zakharov, D. Huffman, D. Erford, M. Sargent, G. Semiatin, S. L. Stach, E. A. Maruyama, B. TI Engineering the Activity and Lifetime of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Carbon Nanotube Growth via Substrate Ion Beam Bombardment SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; heterogeneous catalyst; catalyst support; ion beam bombardment ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRONICS; ENERGY-STORAGE; CARPET GROWTH; ARRAYS; COMPOSITES; EVOLUTION; TERMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; SAPPHIRE; OXIDE AB We demonstrate that argon ion bombardment of single crystal sapphire leads to the creation of substrates that support the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes from iron catalysts with a density, height, and quality equivalent to those grown on conventional, disordered alumina supports. We quantify the evolution of the catalyst using a range of surface characterization techniques and demonstrate the ability to engineer and pattern the catalyst support through control of ion beam bombardment parameters. C1 [Islam, A. E.; Nikolaev, P.; Huffman, D.; Sargent, G.; Semiatin, S. L.; Maruyama, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, A. E.; Nikolaev, P.; Huffman, D.; Sargent, G.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Amama, P. B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Saber, S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zakharov, D.; Stach, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huffman, D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Erford, M.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45403 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benji.maruyama@us.af.mil RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 8650-09-D-5037]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Purdue Electron Microscopy Consortium FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Contract No. FA 8650-09-D-5037. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Purdue Electron Microscopy Consortium. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4997 EP 5003 DI 10.1021/nl501417h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AO7PG UT WOS:000341544500012 PM 25079258 ER PT J AU Meek, JM Rosbolt, MB Taylor, KR Fusco, EA Panday, VA Reilly, CD AF Meek, Julie M. Rosbolt, Margaret B. Taylor, Kenneth R. Fusco, Emily A. Panday, Vasudha A. Reilly, Charles D. TI Pregabalin Versus Placebo in Postoperative Pain Relief of Patients' Status Post Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Double-Masked, Randomized, Prospective Study SO JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GABAPENTIN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; MYOPIA AB Purpose: Gabapentinoids are currently being used anecdotally for postoperative pain following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) despite the lack of evidence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pregabalin in mitigating pain after PRK compared to the standard of care. Methods: One hundred thirty-five patients scheduled for PRK at the Joint Warfighter Refractive Surgery Center in San Antonio, Texas were randomized to receive either oral pregabalin 75 mg twice daily for 5 days or placebo, in addition to the standard pain care regimen. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome of 10% improvement in subjective pain scores between the treatment and placebo groups at any point during the postoperative period, but there was a trend for lower subjective pain scores in the pregabalin group. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of rescue pain medications used on postoperative days 1 and 2. The pregabalin group required an average of 1.7 doses of rescue medications on postoperative day 1 versus 2.4 doses in the placebo group, and 1.7 doses versus 2.6 doses on postoperative day 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that pregabalin may provide an alternative or add-on option to standard narcotics for pain relief after PRK. C1 [Meek, Julie M.; Rosbolt, Margaret B.; Fusco, Emily A.] WHMC, Dept Pharm, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Taylor, Kenneth R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Panday, Vasudha A.; Reilly, Charles D.] WHMC, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Panday, VA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 9402 Mariposa Pass, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. EM pandava1@gmail.com NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1080-7683 EI 1557-7732 J9 J OCUL PHARMACOL TH JI J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 7 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1089/jop.2013.0208 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AP0FR UT WOS:000341737200002 PM 24914779 ER PT J AU Smith, NA Turkyilmaz, I AF Smith, Nicole A. Turkyilmaz, Ilser TI EVALUATION OF THE SEALING CAPABILITY OF IMPLANTS TO TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIA ABUTMENTS AGAINST PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA, AND FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM UNDER DIFFERENT SCREW TORQUE VALUES SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO EVALUATION; BACTERIAL-COLONIZATION; DENTAL IMPLANTS; INTERFACE; MICROGAP; MICROLEAKAGE; CELLS; BONE AB Statement of problem. When evaluating long-term implant success, clinicians have always been concerned with the gap at the implant-abutment junction, where bacteria can accumulate and cause marginal bone loss. However, little information regarding bacterial leakage at the implant-abutment junction, or microgap, is available. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sealing at 2 different implant-abutment interfaces under different screw torque values. Material and methods. Twenty sterile zirconia abutments and 20 sterile titanium abutments were screwed into 40 sterile implants and placed in test tubes. The ability of a bacterial mixture of Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum to leak through an implant-titanium abutment seal under 20 and 35 Ncm torque values and an implant-zirconia abutment seal under 20 and 35 Ncm torque values was evaluated daily until leakage was noted. Once a unit demonstrated leakage, a specimen was plated. After 4 days, the number of colonies on each plate was counted with an electronic colony counter. Plating was used to verify whether or not bacterial leakage occurred and when leakage first occurred. The implant-abutment units were removed and rinsed with phosphate buffered saline solution and evaluated with a stereomicroscope. The marginal gap between the implant and the abutment was measured and correlated with the amount of bacterial leakage. The data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results. Bacterial leakage was noted in all specimens, regardless of material or screw torque value. With titanium abutments, changing the screw torque value from 20 to 35 Ncm did not significantly affect the amount of bacterial leakage. However, with zirconia abutments, changing the screw torque value from 20 to 35 Ncm was statistically significant (P<.017). Overall, the marginal gap noted was larger at the zirconia-abutment interface (5.25 +/- 1.99 mu m) than the titanium-abutment interface (12.38 +/- 3.73 mu m), irrespective of the screw torque value. Stereomicroscopy revealed a nonuniform marginal gap in all specimens. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that, over time, bacteria will leak through the implant-abutment microgap at the implant-abutment interface. Implants with a titanium abutment demonstrate a smaller microgap than implants with a zirconia abutment. Tightening the zirconia abutment screw from 20 to 35 Ncm decreases the size of the microgap, which suggests a more intimate fit between the implant and the abutment. C1 [Smith, Nicole A.] United States Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX USA. [Turkyilmaz, Ilser] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Comprehens Dent, Dent Sch Implant Clin, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Turkyilmaz, I (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7941, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM turkyilmaz@uthscsa.edu NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 EI 1097-6841 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 112 IS 3 BP 561 EP 567 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA AO7NY UT WOS:000341541100027 PM 24656409 ER PT J AU Maurer, D Stephens, M Reamy, B Crownover, B Crawford, P Chang, T AF Maurer, Douglas Stephens, Mark Reamy, Brian Crownover, Brian Crawford, Paul Chang, Tammy TI Family Physicians' Knowledge of Commonly Overused Treatments and Tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cardiovascular Diseases; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Low-Back Pain; Prevention and Control; Primary Health Care; Sinusitis ID FORCE RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; LOW-BACK-PAIN; RHINOSINUSITIS; STRATEGIES; ADULTS AB Purpose: In 2010, several primary care physician organizations drafted the "Promoting Good Stewardship in Clinical Practice" list for family medicine to advance the appropriate use of 5 commonly ordered treatments and tests. The goal was to achieve excellent patient care while appropriately conserving health care resources. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge regarding the appropriate use of these treatments and tests among the memberships of the Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians (USAFP) and the Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAFM). Methods: An online, cross-sectional survey of all family physician members of the USAFP and the CAFM was conducted. The survey consisted of 5 clinical cases administered as part of a larger omnibus CAFM Educational Research Alliance survey and a separate USAFP membership survey. The primary outcome was correct answers to clinical scenarios. Results: The response rate was 11% (n = 236 of 2165) for members of USAFP and 47% (n = 519 of 1099) for CAFM members, with an overall response rate of 23% (n = 755 of 3264). Overall, respondents answered 78% of cases correctly (USAFP 79%, CAFM 78%; no significant difference). In rank order, respondents were most likely to answer the Papanicolaou test question correctly (90.1%), followed by the low-back pain (86.7%), the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry screening (85.4%), the sinusitis (66.5%), and the cardiac screening questions (61.4%). Conclusion: Among the family physicians surveyed, knowledge about the appropriate use of commonly overused tests and treatments was high. Two clinical scenarios (sinusitis and cardiac screening) demonstrate areas where further education could improve care and reduce costs. C1 [Maurer, Douglas] Madigan Army Med Ctr Family Med Residency, Tacoma, WA USA. [Stephens, Mark; Reamy, Brian] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crownover, Brian; Crawford, Paul] Nellis Air Force Base Family Med Residency, Nellis Afb, NV USA. [Chang, Tammy] Univ Michigan, Dept Family Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Maurer, D (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, 7040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98433 USA. EM douglasmaurer@aol.com RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 699 EP 703 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2014.05.140003 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AP2GU UT WOS:000341891500015 PM 25201940 ER PT J AU Granlund, KO Ol, MV Bernal, LP AF Granlund, Kenneth O. Ol, Michael V. Bernal, Luis P. TI Free-to-Pivot Flat Plates in Hover for Reynolds Numbers 14 to 21,200 SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT; PERFORMANCE C1 [Granlund, Kenneth O.; Ol, Michael V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernal, Luis P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Granlund, KO (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.granlund@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2083 EP 2086 DI 10.2514/1.J053169 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AO2UF UT WOS:000341180800020 ER PT J AU Guha, S Barnes, JO Gonzalez, LP AF Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Gonzalez, Leonel P. TI Multiwatt-level continuous-wave midwave infrared generation using difference frequency mixing in periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; MU-M; LINBO3 AB Over 3.5 W of continuous-wave power at 3.4 mu m was obtained by single-pass difference frequency mixing of 1.064 and 1.55 mu m fiber lasers in a 5 cm long periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Good agreement was obtained between the observed temperature dependence of the generated power and the prediction from focused Gaussian beam theory. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barnes, Jacob O.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 17 BP 5018 EP 5021 DI 10.1364/OL.39.005018 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO1UK UT WOS:000341100300012 PM 25166063 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, R Lovell, TA AF Bevilacqua, Riccardo Lovell, Thomas Alan TI Analytical guidance for spacecraft relative motion under constant thrust using relative orbit elements SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Spacecraft relative motion; On-off thrust; Relative orbit elements; Analytical guidance; Input-shaping ID FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES AB Proximity control of modern nano-spacecraft often relies on low and discrete thrust engines that are characterized by low consumption, and generate on-off force profiles. New guidance solutions must take into account the nature of this type of orbital engines. This paper introduces novel analytical guidance solutions for spacecraft relative motion considering continuous, on-off thrust, and using relative orbit elements as a geometrical representation of the dynamics. The solutions provide the relative state vector at any given time, accommodating any thrust magnitude along the three directions of the relative frame, as well as generic activation times and durations. Relative orbit elements geometrically interpret key aspects of the relative motion, including for example, the relative ellipse size, and the evolution of its center in time. The new solutions provide the guidance designer with a direct visualization of the thrust effects on the relative motion geometry, offering new possibilities for analytical guidance in the presence of continuous thrust engines, such as low thrust engines on nano-spacecraft. The paper presents the analytical solutions, and tests their effectiveness using a sample thrust profile based on input-shaping, previously developed by one of the authors using classical Cartesian coordinates. The use of relative orbit elements shows substantial benefits and added simplicity with respect to Cartesian-based approaches, holding the promise for straightforward onboard spacecraft implementation. The software developed for this research will be available open source, to be used by spacecraft guidance designers as trajectory design tool. (C) 2014 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bevilacqua, Riccardo] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lovell, Thomas Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bevilr@rpi.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM FX The first author wishes to acknowledge the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM, for the opportunity to participate in the 2012 Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The initial results were obtained during summer 2012 at AFRL. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 102 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.05.004 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AN6HB UT WOS:000340694500005 ER PT J AU Baker, TW Forester, JP Johnson, ML Stolfi, A Stahl, MC AF Baker, Troy W. Forester, Joseph P. Johnson, Monica L. Stolfi, Adrienne Stahl, Mark C. TI The HIT study: Hymenoptera Identification Test-how accurate are people at identifying stinging insects? SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREE NUTS; PEANUTS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; ALLERGY AB Background: Stinging insects in the order Hymenoptera include bees, wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, and ants. Hymenoptera sting injuries range from localized swelling to rarely death. Insect identification is helpful in the management of sting injuries. Objective: To determine the accuracy of adults in identifying stinging insects and 2 insect nests. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study using a picture-based survey to evaluate an individual's success at identifying honeybees, wasps, bald-face hornets, and yellow jackets. Bald-face hornet and paper wasp nest identification also was assessed in this study. Results: Six hundred forty participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, the mean number of correct responses was 3.2 (SD 1.3) of 6. Twenty participants (3.1%) correctly identified all 6 stinging insects and nests and only 10 (1.6%) were unable to identify any of the pictures correctly. The honeybee was the most accurately identified insect (91.3%) and the paper wasp was the least correctly identified insect (50.9%). For the 6 questions regarding whether the participant had been stung in the past by any of the insects (including an unidentified insect), 91% reported being stung by at least 1. Men were more successful at identify stinging insects correctly (P = .002), as were participants stung by at least 4 insects (P = .018). Conclusion: This study supports the general perception that adults are poor discriminators in distinguishing stinging insects and nests with the exception of the honeybee. Men and those participants who reported multiple stings to at least 4 insects were more accurate overall in insect identification. (C) 2014 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Troy W.] Joint Base Andrews, Dept Allergy Immunol, Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, Prince Georges, MD 20762 USA. [Forester, Joseph P.] Eglin Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Johnson, Monica L.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Stolfi, Adrienne] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Stahl, Mark C.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Baker, TW (reprint author), Joint Base Andrews, Dept Allergy Immunol, 1050 West Perimeter Rd, Prince Georges, MD 20762 USA. EM troy.baker@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 113 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.029 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA AO4IU UT WOS:000341301500008 PM 24969241 ER PT J AU Harrington, LK McIntire, JP Hopper, DG AF Harrington, Lawrence K. McIntire, John P. Hopper, Darrel G. TI Assessing the Binocular Advantage in Aided Vision SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE head mounted display; night vision goggles; stereopsis; modulation transfer function; probability summation ID VERNIER ACUITY; REACTION-TIME; STATISTICAL FACILITATION; PROBABILITY SUMMATION; STEREOSCOPIC ACUITY; RETINAL ILLUMINANCE; VISUAL-ACUITY; STEREOPSIS; CONTRAST; SENSITIVITY AB Advances in microsensors, microprocessors, and microdisplays are creating new opportunities for improving vision in degraded environments through the use of head-mounted displays. Initially, the cutting-edge technology used in these new displays will be expensive. Inevitably, the cost of providing the additional sensor and processing required to support binocularity brings the value of binocularity into question. Several assessments comparing binocular, biocular, and monocular head-mounted displays for aided vision have concluded that the additional performance, if any, provided by binocular head-mounted displays does not justify the cost. The selection of a binocular display for use in the F-35 is a current example of this recurring decision process. It is possible that the human binocularity advantage does not carry over to the aided vision application, but more likely the experimental approaches used in the past have been too coarse to measure its subtle but important benefits. Evaluating the value of binocularity in aided vision applications requires an understanding of the characteristics of both human vision and head-mounted displays. With this understanding, the value of binocularity in aided vision can be estimated and experimental evidence can be collected to confirm or reject the presumed binocular advantage, enabling improved decisions in aided vision system design. This paper describes four computational approaches-geometry of stereopsis, modulation transfer function area for stereopsis, probability summation, and binocular summation-that may be useful in quantifying the advantage of binocularity in aided vision. C1 Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), 711 HPW RHCV,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcintire.1@us.af.mil NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 9 BP 930 EP 939 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3976.2014 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AN7XD UT WOS:000340813400006 PM 25197892 ER PT J AU Blunck, DL Shouse, DT Neuroth, C Lynch, A Erdmann, TJ Burrus, DL Zelina, J Richardson, D Caswell, A AF Blunck, David L. Shouse, Dale T. Neuroth, Craig Lynch, Amy Erdmann, Timothy J. Burrus, David L. Zelina, Joseph Richardson, Daniel Caswell, Andrew TI Experimental Studies of Cavity and Core Flow Interactions With Application to Ultra-Compact Combustors SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID GAS-TURBINE ENGINES AB Reducing the weight and decreasing pressure losses of aviation gas turbine engines improves the thrust-to-weight ratio and improves efficiency. In ultra-compact combustors (UCC), engine length is reduced and pressure losses are decreased by merging a combustor with adjacent components using a systems engineering approach. High-pressure turbine inlet vanes can be placed in a combustor to form a UCC. In this work, experiments were performed to understand the performance and associated physics within a UCC. Experiments were performed using a combustor operating at pressures in the range of 520-1030 kPa (75-150 psia) and inlet temperature equal to 480-620 K (865 R-1120 R). The primary reaction zone is in a single trapped-vortex cavity where the equivalence ratio was varied from 0.7 to 1.8. Combustion efficiencies and NOx emissions were measured and exit temperature profiles were obtained for various air loadings, cavity equivalence ratios, and configurations with and without representative turbine inlet vanes. A combined diffuser-flameholder (CDF) was used to study the interaction of cavity and core flows. Discrete jets of air immediately above the cavity result in the highest combustion efficiencies. The air jets reinforce the vortex structure within the cavity, as confirmed through coherent structure velocimetry of high-speed images. The combustor exit temperature profile is peaked away from the cavity when a CDF is used. Testing of a CDF with vanes showed that combustion efficiencies greater than 99.5% are possible for 0.8 <=Phi(cavity) <= 1.8. Temperature profiles at the exit of the UCC with vanes agreed within 10% of the average value. Exit-averaged emission indices of NOx ranged from 3.5 to 6.5 g/kg(fuel) for all test conditions. Increasing the air loading enabled greater mass flow rates of fuel with equivalent combustion efficiencies. This corresponds to increased vortex strength within the cavity due to the greater momentum of the air driver jets. C1 [Blunck, David L.; Shouse, Dale T.; Neuroth, Craig; Lynch, Amy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Erdmann, Timothy J.; Burrus, David L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Zelina, Joseph] GE Aviat, Evendale, OH 45241 USA. [Richardson, Daniel] NRC Res Associate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Caswell, Andrew] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Blunck, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.blunck@oregonstate.edu; dale.shouse@us.af.mil; craig.neuroth@us.af.mil; amy.lynch.1@us.af.mil; timothy.erdmann.3.ctr@us.af.mil; david.burrus.1.ctr@us.af.mil; joseph.zelina@ge.com; daniel.richardson.26.ctr@us.af.mil; andrew.caswell.2.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-2934, F33615-03-D-2329] FX Brad Day, Justin Inman, Dave Baker, and Ron Britton (Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. (ISSI)) helped with data collection. Jack Yoder, also from ISSI, provided the combustor drawings. Ryan Battelle (AFRL) performed the cycle analysis. Marion Whitaker aided in revising the manuscript. Rebecca Howard (UTC) integrated diffusor studies supportive of this work. Pete Koch (AFRL) aided in the design of the turbine inlet vane that was placed in the combustor. This material is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract nos. FA8650-10-2-2934 and F33615-03-D-2329. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2014 VL 136 IS 9 AR 091505 DI 10.1115/1.4026975 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AN7KD UT WOS:000340777400008 ER PT J AU Tsuei, BJ Hanseman, DJ Blakeman, MJ Blakeman, TC Yang, SH Branson, RD Gerlach, TW AF Tsuei, Betty J. Hanseman, Dennis J. Blakeman, Michael J. Blakeman, Thomas C. Yang, Sung H. Branson, Richard D. Gerlach, Travis W. TI Accuracy of noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring in patients at risk for hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Hemorrhage; noninvasive monitoring; hemoglobin AB BACKGROUND: Monitoring for acute blood loss is critical in surgical patients, and delays in identifying hemorrhage can result in poor outcomes. The current standard of care for monitoring patients at risk for bleeding is serial measurement of hemoglobin (Hgb) by standard laboratory complete blood count (CBC). Point-of-care testing (i.e., iSTAT) can be a rapid method of evaluating Hgb, and spectrophotometry-based devices (i.e., Radical-7) offer the advantages of being continuous and noninvasive. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of Radical-7 and iSTAT in measuring Hgb and assessing for blood loss when compared with the criterion standard CBC. METHODS: Adult patients at risk for hemorrhage admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary referral, Level I trauma center were eligible for this study. Serial CBC Hgb measurements were drawn as clinically indicated. The Radical-7 device was placed on the patient for noninvasive Hgb measurements (SpHb), and at each CBC measurement, concurrent iSTAT Hgb measurements were obtained. Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare the three methods of measuring Hgb with accuracy defined as measurements within 1.0-g/dL CBC Hgb. Concordance measurements were also performed to compare trends between values. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were enrolled and underwent 572 CBC measurements. Bland-Altman analysis of SpHb versus CBC resulted in an estimated bias of 1.49 g/dL, with 95% limits of agreement of -2.2 g/dL to 5.0 g/dL. iSTAT versus CBC resulted in an estimated bias of -0.63 g/dL, with 95% limits of agreement of -3.4 g/dL to 2.2 g/dL. Changes in SpHb had concordance with CBC Hgb 60% of the time, compared with 76% for iSTAT versus CBC CONCLUSION: Radical-7 SpHb was inaccurate when compared with CBC Hgb levels, and serial SpHb achieved concordance with CBC Hgb 60% of the time. As such, the clinical utility of Radical-7 as a rapid, noninvasive predictor of acute hemorrhage may be limited. (Copyright (C) 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Tsuei, Betty J.; Hanseman, Dennis J.; Blakeman, Michael J.; Blakeman, Thomas C.; Yang, Sung H.; Branson, Richard D.; Gerlach, Travis W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Gerlach, Travis W.] US Air Force, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Tsuei, BJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, 231 Bethesda Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM betty.tsuei@uc.edu FU US Air Force 711th Human Performance Wing FX This study was funded by the US Air Force 711th Human Performance Wing. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 77 SU 2 BP S134 EP S139 DI 10.1097/TA.0000000000000326 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA AO2BL UT WOS:000341120400014 PM 25159346 ER PT J AU Striebich, RC Smart, CE Gunasekera, TS Mueller, SS Strobel, EM McNichols, BW Ruiz, ON AF Striebich, Richard C. Smart, Caitlin E. Gunasekera, Thusitha S. Mueller, Susan S. Strobel, Ellen M. McNichols, Brett W. Ruiz, Oscar N. TI Characterization of the F-76 diesel and Jet-A aviation fuel hydrocarbon degradation profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Fuel; Biofuels; Alternative fuels; Hydrocarbons; Biodegradation; Biodeterioration; Jet-A; F-76; Jet fuel; Diesel; Biorremediation; Bacteria; Gas chromatorgraphy ID OIL; BIODEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; DYNAMICS; BACTERIA; SYSTEMS; GC AB To better understand the process of fuel biodeterioration, Jet-A and F-76 diesel fuel were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common fuel contaminant, and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, a marine hydrocarbon degrader, and the extent of hydrocarbon decomposition produced by these bacteria determined. Degradation assays containing fuel-minimal media mixtures and bacteria were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to discern the consumption of fuel hydrocarbons. Experiments were conducted in closed systems to prevent evaporation of hydrocarbons and allow accurate quantitation. Results indicated that P. aeruginosa preferred to consume mid-range normal alkanes (C-12-C-18) followed by higher chain n-alkanes (C-19-C-23). Cycloparaffins were consumed at much lower rates, while aromatic and isoparaffins were not consumed. However, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus showed a different profile with preferential degradation of shorter n-alkanes (C-8-C-11) and specific aromatic compounds. Both types of bacteria were incapable of degrading branched alkanes. During larger scale bioreactor tests, bacteria were able to degrade similar hydrocarbons. This study clearly demonstrated that the effects of fuel biodeterioration can go well beyond corrosion and filter fouling, with different bacteria metabolizing different fuel hydrocarbons and presenting the possibility for microbes to directly change fuel composition and properties. Results are discussed in light of the use of newer alternative fuels which can have dramatically different hydrocarbon profiles compared to conventional petroleum fuels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Striebich, Richard C.; Gunasekera, Thusitha S.; Mueller, Susan S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Smart, Caitlin E.; Strobel, Ellen M.; McNichols, Brett W.; Ruiz, Oscar N.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruiz, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, 1790 Loop Rd,Bldg 490, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oscar.ruiz@us.af.mil OI Smart, Caitlin/0000-0003-3444-3961 FU Air Force Research Laboratory Fuels and Energy Branch; Office of Naval Research (ONR) Alternative Energy/Fuels Program [N0001412MP20120]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2834] FX Research reported in this article was supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory Fuels and Energy Branch, and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Alternative Energy/Fuels Program (Award number N0001412MP20120) to O.N. Ruiz. This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-10-2834. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 93 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.04.024 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN1JH UT WOS:000340338100005 ER PT J AU Bobko, P Barelka, AJ Hirshfield, LM Lyons, JB AF Bobko, Philip Barelka, Alex J. Hirshfield, Leanne M. Lyons, Joseph B. TI Invited Article: The Construct of Suspicion and How It Can Benefit Theories and Models in Organizational Science SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Suspicion; Special issue; Call for papers ID TRUST; NEUROSCIENCE; AGGRESSION; DECEPTION; DECISION AB This article introduces the construct of suspicion to researchers in business and applied psychology, provides a literature-based definition of state suspicion and an initial self-report measure of that construct, and encourages research on this important topic. The construct of suspicion is under-researched in business and applied psychology, yet has wide application for both researchers and practitioners. These applications occur across many content domains (e.g., consumer psychology, leadership), as well as at varying levels of analysis (e.g., individual, group, organizational). To motivate research on this construct, possible studies are delineated/suggested by way of example and a Call for Papers also appears. The organizational sciences will benefit from the incorporation of suspicion-based constructs in theoretical and explanatory models. Organizations might also function more efficiently because of these efforts -as decision makers assess, understand, and better manage appropriate levels of suspicion in their employees and work groups. C1 [Bobko, Philip] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Management, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Bobko, Philip] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Psychol, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Barelka, Alex J.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Management & Quantitat Methods, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Hirshfield, Leanne M.] Syracuse Univ, Newhouse Sch Commun, Syracuse, NY USA. [Lyons, Joseph B.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bobko, P (reprint author), Gettysburg Coll, Dept Management, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. EM pbobko@gettysburg.edu; ajbarel@ilstu.edu; lmhirshf@syr.edu; joseph.lyons.6@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0889-3268 EI 1573-353X J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10869-014-9360-y PG 8 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA AN3YE UT WOS:000340524000001 ER PT J AU Bobko, P Barelka, AJ Hirshfield, LM Lyons, JB AF Bobko, Philip Barelka, Alex J. Hirshfield, Leanne M. Lyons, Joseph B. TI Call for Papers: Embedding the Concept of Suspicion in Research on Business and Applied Psychology SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL C1 [Bobko, Philip] Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Barelka, Alex J.] Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Hirshfield, Leanne M.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Lyons, Joseph B.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bobko, P (reprint author), Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. EM pbobko@gettysburg.edu; ajbarel@ilstu.edu; lmhirshf@syr.edu; joseph.lyons.6@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0889-3268 EI 1573-353X J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 495 EP 497 DI 10.1007/s10869-014-9362-9 PG 3 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA AN3YE UT WOS:000340524000011 ER PT J AU Russell, JD Fielding, JC AF Russell, John D. Fielding, Jennifer C. TI America Makes: The National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII) Status Report and Future Opportunities SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Russell, John D.; Fielding, Jennifer C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AN2VW UT WOS:000340445100010 ER PT J AU Clark, MD Maschmann, MR Patel, RJ Leever, BJ AF Clark, Michael D. Maschmann, Matthew R. Patel, Romesh J. Leever, Benjamin J. TI Scratch resistance and durability enhancement of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics using ultra-thin alumina layers SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Organic photovoltaics; Atomic layer deposition; Encapsulation; Mechanical properties; Nanoindentation ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPOSITED ALUMINA; BARRIER FILM; ENCAPSULATION; FRACTURE; DEVICES AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was studied for ultra-thin (<= 100 nm) barrier coating deposition onto organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to enhance device lifetime. Herein, we report the first known investigation of the mechanical characteristics of AlOx encapsulated OPVs using nanoindentation and scratch testing with deposition temperature as a tunable parameter. The higher organic content in the AlOx film, grown at lower temperatures, enhanced the interfacial bonding at the AlOx-OPV interface and provided modulus and hardness performance exceeding that of a common polymer encapsulant Furthermore, AlOx's organic content impeded fracture propagation, confirming the durability enhancement associated with this approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Clark, Michael D.; Maschmann, Matthew R.; Patel, Romesh J.; Leever, Benjamin J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, Michael D.; Patel, Romesh J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@us.af.mil OI Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work benefited from the Materials Characterization Facility located at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD SEP PY 2014 VL 128 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.05.006 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AN0UW UT WOS:000340300500022 ER PT J AU Clark, MR Hopkinson, KM AF Clark, Michael R. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. TI Transferable Multiparty Computation With Applications to the Smart Grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Cryptography; multiparty computation; smart grid ID SYSTEMS; SECRET AB The smart grid offers an exciting way to better manage various aspects of a given utility. This comes with an increased threat of privacy due to fine-grained information reporting from each smart meter. Privacy preserving protocols have been proposed in the literature to deal with this problem. In this paper, we look at optimizing one technique, secure multiparty computation (MPC), for application to in-network, privacy preserving computation for smart meter networks. We propose a new construction for secure MPC, which we call transferable MPC. We present protocols for this construction, and show how this leads to more efficient and scalable multiparty computations in a smart metering application. C1 [Clark, Michael R.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clark, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.clark@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 EI 1556-6021 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1356 EP 1366 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2014.2331753 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AM9NT UT WOS:000340209000002 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Li, J Rokhlin, SI AF Pilchak, Adam L. Li, Jia Rokhlin, Stanislav I. TI Quantitative Comparison of Microtexture in Near-Alpha Titanium Measured by Ultrasonic Scattering and Electron Backscatter Diffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; DUPLEX MICROSTRUCTURES; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; TI-6AL-4V; FATIGUE; ALLOYS; GLOBULARIZATION; INITIATION; PHASE AB Ultrasonic backscattering and attenuation data were collected and processed using recently developed theoretical models to estimate the directionally dependent, volume-averaged size, and morphology of microtextured regions (MTRs) in a near-alpha Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V bar. The sample was also interrogated with electron backscatter diffraction from which MTR sizes were obtained by either manual segmentation and linear intercept analysis or fitting the spatial autocorrelation of similarly oriented c-axes to the geometrical autocorrelation function used in the scattering model. The results of the ultrasonic inversion were in good agreement with the EBSD measurements for the radial direction but were off by a factor of similar to 2.45 for the longitudinal direction. Reasons for the discrepancy were discussed and strategies to improve the agreement were made. C1 [Pilchak, Adam L.] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Li, Jia; Rokhlin, Stanislav I.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak.1@us.af.mil RI Rokhlin, Stanislav/J-8268-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [12RX01COR]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0452]; AFRL [FA8650-10-D-5210] FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate with partial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Task 12RX01COR (Dr. Ali Sayir, program manager). The support and encouragement of the Air Force management are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Ayman Salem (Materials Resources, LLC) for useful discussions and to G. Sherman (AFRL/RXCM) for assistance with manual segmentation of MTRs. The OSU effort was partially funded by AFOSR under the contract FA9550-09-1-0452 and by AFRL under contract FA8650-10-D-5210. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 45A IS 10 BP 4679 EP 4697 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2367-1 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AM5HP UT WOS:000339888100048 ER PT J AU Yoonessi, M Bai, ZW Wheeler, R Dang, TD AF Yoonessi, Mitra Bai, Zongwu Wheeler, Robert Dang, Thuy D. TI In-situ vapor small angle neutron scattering of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone random copolymer (SPTES 70) fuel cells membrane SO MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; fuel cells membrane; contrast matching; nanostructure AB Highly sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone copolymer (SPTES 70) with excellent thermal stability, high proton conductivity and good mechanical properties is an excellent candidate as high temperature fuel cells membrane. The morphology of the SPTES 70 was examined with in situ vapor small angle neutron scattering (iVSANS), and transmission electron microscopy. An experimental neutron contrast match point was obtained with swelling SPTES 70 in a series of D2O/H2O ratios and compared with the calculated scattering contrast. The calculated scattering length density of SPTES 70 was in excellent agreement with the experiment scattering length density. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data of the magnesium, calcium, and silver exchanged hydrated SPTES 70 membranes exhibited nanostructured morphology which was compared with the reported nanostructure of D2O hydrated SPTES 70. SANS data showed that the average ionic domain size changes with the size and valence of the counter ion. C1 [Yoonessi, Mitra] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, Robert] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Dang, Thuy D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yoonessi, M (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. EM mitra.yoonessi@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch; National Institute of Standards and Technology [S18-38]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442] FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch is thanked for funding. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is thanked for funding (Proposal S18-38) to conduct neutron scattering experiments which were supported by National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-9986442. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1591 J9 MATER RES EXPRESS JI Mater. Res. Express PD SEP PY 2014 VL 1 IS 3 AR 035047 DI 10.1088/2053-1591/1/3/035047 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V43ER UT WOS:000209665200050 ER PT J AU Paul, S Harris, PG Pal, C Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Paul, Shamistha Harris, Paul G. Pal, Chandana Sharma, Ashwani K. Ray, Asim K. TI Low cost zinc oxide for memristors with high On-Off ratios SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Resistive switch; Oxide films; Nanodevices ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; PROGRESS; DEVICES; GROWTH AB Commercially available zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were used to produce spin-coated thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass slides. X-Ray diffraction patterns of films annealed at 500 degrees C show the formation of polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. A red-shift of 0.03 eV was observed for optical bandgap on annealing. The On-Off ratio as high as 2.2 x 10(4) was recorded for the ZnO memristor in a sandwich configuration with sputtered gold top electrode. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paul, Shamistha; Harris, Paul G.; Pal, Chandana; Ray, Asim K.] Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Se Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM Asim.Ray@brunel.ac.uk FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-08-1-3056] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant no. FA8655-08-1-3056. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 130 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.05.071 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AL0GB UT WOS:000338804300011 ER PT J AU Hutson, AL Jha, SK Porter, WJ Larsen, JM AF Hutson, Alisha L. Jha, Sushant K. Porter, William J. Larsen, James M. TI Activation of life-limiting fatigue damage mechanisms in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Life prediction; Probabilistic analysis; Residual stresses; Titanium alloys ID COMPETING FAILURE MODES; POISSON DEFECT STATISTICS; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; TITANIUM-ALLOY; CYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK-GROWTH; PREDICTION; DUALITY; CURVE AB The experimental conditions that produce bimodally-distributed fatigue populations were investigated in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, with the aim of identifying conditions favorable for characterizing life-limiting fatigue behavior. In general, the more aggressive test conditions in this effort were identified as more favorable for producing bimodally-distributed lifetime populations in which the shorter life populations were dominated by the life-limiting behavior. Data sets obtained using electropolished specimens generally exhibited bimodal distributions, and this surface condition was determined to be most suitable for investigating life-limiting fatigue behavior for a wider range of test conditions, due to the elimination of machining-induced residual stresses. It was also determined that the presence of bimodally distributed data populations, and the relative sampling of the corresponding damage mechanisms, can have a significant effect on life predictions, if the bimodal behavior is not explicitly included. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, James M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hutson, Alisha L.; Porter, William J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Hutson, AL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Alisha.hutson.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [FA8650-09-D-5223]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [11RX01COR] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7817 under on-site contract number FA8650-09-D-5223. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. David Stargel of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under task 11RX01COR. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2014 VL 66 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.02.011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AK7QE UT WOS:000338622000001 ER PT J AU Chipara, M Vaia, RA Nasar, A AF Chipara, Mircea Vaia, Richard A. Nasar, Ali TI Electron Spin Resonance on polyurethanes - Vapor grown carbon nanofiber composites SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings and Nanostructured Materials (NANOSMAT) CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Granada, SPAIN DE Polyurethanes-vapor grown carbon nanofibers; Electron Spin Resonance; Free radicals; Electrical conductivity; Percolation; Polarons ID NANOTUBE/POLYURETHANE COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY; ESR AB Electron Spin Resonance investigations on polyurethane - vapor grown carbon nanofiber composites are reported. The research focuses on the free radicals generated during the processing step and on the ESR spectrum of the conducting electrons delocalized over the carbon nanofiber. The deactivation of free radicals due to their interaction with the electrons residing on carbon nanofiber was analyzed and related to the enhanced stability of these composites. The dependence of the resonance line parameters on the concentration of the nanofiller is studied in detail. Experimental data indicates that the electrical conductivity is due to uncoupled electrons delocalized over the conducting domains of the nanofiller and suggests that the electrical conductivity is dominated by polarons. The percolation of the electrical conductivity is also reflected in the ESR data. The interactions between uncoupled electronic spins, as revealed by the line width dependence on the concentration of carbon nanofibers are discussed in detail. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chipara, Mircea] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nasar, Ali] CNC Coatings, Rochdale OL11 1HY, Lancs, England. RP Chipara, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Phys & Geol, 1201 W Univ Dr, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM mchipara@utpa.edu RI Chipara, Mircea/F-1552-2011 OI Chipara, Mircea/0000-0003-3584-4863 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD SEP PY 2014 VL 107 SI SI BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.02.018 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AK7KM UT WOS:000338607200047 ER PT J AU Canfield, GM Eichler, J Griffith, K Hearn, JD AF Canfield, Gina M. Eichler, Jeffery Griffith, Kara Hearn, John D. TI The role of calcium in blended fly ash geopolymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE ACTIVATION; SILICATE HYDRATE; METAKAOLIN; PRODUCTS; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; DISSOLUTION; HYDROXIDE; MULLITE; CEMENTS AB In this research effort, the role of calcium in geopolymers was investigated through a series of syntheses where a high-calcium fly ash was blended with a low-calcium fly ash. Increased calcium content led to accelerated set-up times, increased compressive strength, and increased product formation. Powder X-ray diffraction results showed the majority of that product to be geopolymer framework with only minor contributions from calcium silicate phases. Thermal analysis confirmed the absence of a calcium silicate hydrate phase. Analysis of fly ash dissolution showed that calcium aided in aluminosilicate dissolution and therefore the geopolymerization reaction. While aiding in this reaction, calcium became incorporated into the pore structure of the geopolymer as a counter-balancing cation, according to ion exchange experiments. Thus, geopolymer synthesis with increased calcium content through the use of a high-calcium fly ash under these experimental conditions produced a quick-setting, strong, calcium incorporated geopolymer material. C1 [Canfield, Gina M.; Eichler, Jeffery; Griffith, Kara] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hearn, John D.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Canfield, GM (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM gcanfield@me.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was supported by funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. Technical work was performed under contract with Universal Technology Corporation (GMC, JE, KG). The authors would like to thank Michael V. Henley, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, for his continued support and guidance both professionally and academically throughout this entire research effort. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 17 BP 5922 EP 5933 DI 10.1007/s10853-014-8307-z PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AJ2RI UT WOS:000337507100012 ER PT J AU Alekseenko, A Josyula, E AF Alekseenko, A. Josyula, E. TI Deterministic solution of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation using discontinuous Galerkin discretizations in the velocity space SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann collision operator; Deterministic solution; Discontinuous Galerkin methods ID COLLISION OPERATOR; MODEL; SIMULATION AB We present a new deterministic approach for the solution of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann kinetic equation based on nodal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations in the velocity space. In the new approach the collision operator has the form of a bilinear operator with a pre-computed kernel; its evaluation requires O (n(5)) operations at every point of the phase space where n is the number of degrees of freedom in one velocity dimension. The method is generalized to any molecular potential. Results of numerical simulations are presented for the problem of spatially homogeneous relaxation for the hard spheres potential. Comparison with the method of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo showed excellent agreement. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Alekseenko, A.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Alekseenko, A.; Josyula, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Alekseenko, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM Alexander.Alekseenko@csun.edu; Eswar.Josyula@us.af.mil FU NRC Resident Associate Program; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX The first author was supported by the NRC Resident Associate Program in 2011-2013. The authors would like to thank Professor I. Boyd and Dr. J. Burt for their interest in this work and for inspiring discussions. The authors also thank Professors S. Gimelshein, J. Shen, B. Lucier and V. Panferov for their interest in this work. The computer resources were provided by the U.S. Department of Defence, High Performance Computing, Defence Shared Resource Center at AFRL, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. Additional computational resources were provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing at Purdue University, by the Department of Mathematics at Purdue University and by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. OCI-1053575. The authors cordially thank Dr. L.L. Foster for her help in proofreading the paper. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 272 BP 170 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.03.031 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AI1OP UT WOS:000336620900009 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Armani, CJ Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Fair, GE AF Hay, R. S. Armani, C. J. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Fair, G. E. TI Creep mechanisms and microstructure evolution of Nextel (TM) 610 fiber in air and steam SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Creep; Fibers; Alumina; Steam; Microstructure ID NEXTEL(TM)720/ALUMINA CERAMIC COMPOSITE; FINE-GRAINED ALUMINA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE TENSILE; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINA; 1200 DEGREES-C; DOPED ALUMINA; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES AB Creep rates of Nextel (TM) 610 alumina fibers were measured at 1100 degrees C and 100-500 MPa in air and steam. Steam increased creep rates and reduced fiber lifetimes. Fiber microstructures were characterized by TEM. The small amounts of grain growth, fiber-axis grain elongation, and pore growth that occur during creep were quantified. To separate the effects of stress and temperature on microstructural evolution, grain growth and elongation were also quantified for fibers heat-treated for 1-100 h in air at 1100-1500 degrees C. Grain growth laws were determined. The contributions of pore growth and grain elongation to creep strain were quantified. Grain elongation accounts for a large fraction of the strain during creep in air, but little in steam. Pore growth was more pronounced in steam, but does not create significant creep strain. Creep and failure mechanisms consistent with the observed microstructural changes are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Armani, C. J.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2413 EP 2426 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.01.032 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AH7YY UT WOS:000336352500029 ER PT J AU Moore, LR Gunzelmann, G AF Moore, L. Richard, Jr. Gunzelmann, Glenn TI An interpolation approach for fitting computationally intensive models SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cognitive moderator; Mathematical model; Cognitive model; Model proxy ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION AB Computational cognitive modeling has been established as a useful methodology for exploring and validating quantitative theories about human cognitive processing and behavior. In some cases, however, complex models can create challenges for parameter exploration and estimation due to extended execution times and limited computing capacity. To address this challenge, some modelers have turned to intelligent search algorithms and/or large-scale computational resources. For an emerging class of models, epitomized by attempts to predict the time course effects of cognitive moderators, even these techniques may not be sufficient. In this paper, we present a new methodology and associated software that allows modelers to instantiate a model proxy that can quickly interpolate predictions of model performance anywhere within a defined parameter space. The software integrates with the R statistics environment and is compatible with many of the fitting algorithms therein. To illustrate the utility of these capabilities, we describe a case study where we are using the methodology in our own research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, L. Richard, Jr.] L3 Commun, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gunzelmann, Glenn] Air Force Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Moore, LR (reprint author), L3 Commun, 5950 East Sossaman Rd,Suite 121, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM lrmoorejr@gmail.com; glenn.gunzelmann@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [07HE01COR, 10RH04COR] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the U.S. Government, or L3 Corporation. This research was sponsored by grants 07HE01COR and 10RH04COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This research leveraged the Raptor HPC cluster at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29-30 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2013.09.001 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AE2IZ UT WOS:000333797800004 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Melko, JJ Martinez, O Ushakov, VG Li, AY Johnson, RS Shuman, NS Guo, H Troe, J Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Ushakov, Vladimir G. Li, Anyang Johnson, Ryan S. Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Troe, Juergen Viggiano, Albert A. TI Further Insight into the Reaction FeO+ + H-2 -> Fe+ + H2O: Temperature Dependent Kinetics, Isotope Effects, and Statistical Modeling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; TRANSITION-METAL CATIONS; ADIABATIC CHANNEL MODEL; GAS-PHASE; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; BARE FEO+; H-H; C-H AB The reactions of FeO+ with H-2, D-2, and HD were studied in detail from 170 to 670 K by employing a variable temperature selected ion flow tube apparatus. High level electronic structure calculations were performed and compared to previous theoretical treatments. Statistical modeling of the temperature and isotope dependent rate constants was found to reproduce all data, suggesting the reaction could be well explained by efficient crossing from the sextet to quartet surface, with a rigid near thermoneutral barrier accounting for both the inefficiency and strong negative temperature dependence of the reactions over the measured range of thermal energies. The modeling equally well reproduced earlier guided ion beam results up to translational temperatures of about 4000 K. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Kirtland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Ushakov, Vladimir G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Ushakov, Vladimir G.; Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Li, Anyang; Johnson, Ryan S.; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Melko, Joshua J.] Univ N Florida, Dept Chem, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Kirtland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014; Li, Anyang/J-2138-2016 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X; Li, Anyang/0000-0001-6634-842X FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15694]; EOARD Grant [FA8655-11-1-3077]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council FX Discussions of this work with P. Armentrout, J. Harvey, and S. Shaik are gratefully acknowledged. R.S.J., H.G., and A.L. are supported by the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER15694). J.T. acknowledges support from the EOARD Grant Award FA8655-11-1-3077. N.S.S. and A.A.V. are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. O.M. acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 34 BP 6789 EP 6797 DI 10.1021/jp5055815 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AO2BR UT WOS:000341121000006 PM 25077435 ER PT J AU Kolsti, KF Kunz, DL AF Kolsti, Kyle F. Kunz, Donald L. TI A time-marching collocation method based on quintic Hermite polynomials and adjustable acceleration and jerk constraints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE time integration; dynamics; structural; finite elements; stability ID SYSTEMS AB This paper introduces a time-marching algorithm for linear systems based on quintic Hermite polynomial displacement interpolation. This fully implicit, single-step collocation method enforces acceleration and jerk constraints at a point in time that is selected by the user. The collocation point, then, is the parameter that determines accuracy, stability, and high-frequency damping behavior. Numerical experiments indicate that the method converges at a rate of four, even for problems involving harmonic external forcing and viscous damping. Significantly, the convergence rate also does not deteriorate when algorithmic damping is employed. Period error is extremely small, on the order of a few percent at moderate frequencies even with algorithmic damping. The undamped algorithm is shown to have the highest accuracy and to be symplectic, but it is also conditionally stable and nondissipative-the exact stability limits are calculated. A wide range of parameter settings provide an unconditionally stable algorithm, which preserves low modes while rapidly dissipating high modes. Three finite element analysis numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm on one-dimensional linear dynamic problems. Published 2014. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Kolsti, Kyle F.; Kunz, Donald L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kolsti, KF (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kyle.kolsti@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD AUG 24 PY 2014 VL 99 IS 8 BP 547 EP 565 DI 10.1002/nme.4681 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA AM7YV UT WOS:000340085600001 ER PT J AU Mauger, L Lucas, MS Munoz, JA Tracy, SJ Kresch, M Xiao, YM Chow, P Fultz, B AF Mauger, L. Lucas, M. S. Munoz, J. A. Tracy, S. J. Kresch, M. Xiao, Yuming Chow, Paul Fultz, B. TI Nonharmonic phonons in alpha-iron at high temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; BCC IRON; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; PURE IRON; DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-FE-57 AB Phonon densities of states (DOS) of bcc alpha-(57) Fe were measured from room temperature through the 1044K Curie transition and the 1185 K fcc gamma-Fe phase transition using nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. At higher temperatures all phonons shift to lower energies (soften) with thermal expansion, but the low transverse modes soften especially rapidly above 700 K, showing strongly nonharmonic behavior that persists through the magnetic transition. Interatomic force constants for the bcc phase were obtained by iteratively fitting a Born-von Karman model to the experimental phonon spectra using a genetic algorithm optimization. The second-nearest-neighbor fitted axial force constants weakened significantly at elevated temperatures. An unusually large nonharmonic behavior is reported, which increases the vibrational entropy and accounts for a contribution of 35 meV/atom in the free energy at high temperatures. The nonharmonic contribution to the vibrational entropy follows the thermal trend of the magnetic entropy, and may be coupled to magnetic excitations. A small change in vibrational entropy across the alpha-gamma structural phase transformation is also reported. C1 [Mauger, L.; Munoz, J. A.; Tracy, S. J.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kresch, M.] Marft Inc, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. [Xiao, Yuming; Chow, Paul] Carnegie Inst Sci, HPCAT, Geophys Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mauger, L (reprint author), CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011 FU Department of Energy through the Carnegie-DOE Alliance Center - Department of Energy through the Stewardship Sciences Academic Alliance Program; DANSE software developed under NSF Grant [DMR-0520547]; DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0001974]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45775]; NSF; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work benefited from important discussions with Drs. W. Sturhahn, F. Kormann, B. Grabowski, T. Hickel, and J. Neugebauer. This work was supported by the Department of Energy through the Carnegie-DOE Alliance Center, funded by the Department of Energy through the Stewardship Sciences Academic Alliance Program. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520547. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No. DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award No. DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. The Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 064303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.064303 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AS1BL UT WOS:000344011500005 ER PT J AU Carter, BA Retterer, JM Yizengaw, E Groves, K Caton, R McNamara, L Bridgwood, C Francis, M Terkildsen, M Norman, R Zhang, K AF Carter, B. A. Retterer, J. M. Yizengaw, E. Groves, K. Caton, R. McNamara, L. Bridgwood, C. Francis, M. Terkildsen, M. Norman, R. Zhang, K. TI Geomagnetic control of equatorial plasma bubble activity modeled by the TIEGCM with Kp SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubbles; TIEGCM ID F-REGION; SPREAD-F; DRIFT; IRREGULARITIES; SCINTILLATION; IONOSPHERE; DYNAMO; THERMOSPHERE; ENHANCEMENT AB Describing the day-to-day variability of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) occurrence remains a significant challenge. In this study we use the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), driven by solar (F-10.7) and geomagnetic (Kp) activity indices, to study daily variations of the linear Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability growth rate in relation to the measured scintillation strength at five longitudinally distributed stations. For locations characterized by generally favorable conditions for EPB growth (i.e., within the scintillation season for that location), we find that the TIEGCM is capable of identifying days when EPB development, determined from the calculated R-T growth rate, is suppressed as a result of geomagnetic activity. Both observed and modeled upward plasma drifts indicate that the prereversal enhancement scales linearly with Kp from several hours prior, from which it is concluded that even small Kp changes cause significant variations in daily EPB growth. C1 [Carter, B. A.; Retterer, J. M.; Yizengaw, E.; Groves, K.; Bridgwood, C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02466 USA. [Carter, B. A.; Norman, R.; Zhang, K.] RMIT Univ, Space Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Caton, R.; McNamara, L.] Kirkland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Francis, M.; Terkildsen, M.] Bur Meteorol, IPS Radio & Space Serv, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Carter, BA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02466 USA. EM carterba@bc.edu RI Carter, Brett/J-2224-2012; Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Carter, Brett/0000-0003-4881-3345; Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 FU Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; Australian Research Council [LP130100243]; Australian Antarctic Science grant [4159]; NASA LWS [NNX11AP02G]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-104371] FX This research was partially supported by the Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship awarded to B. A. Carter, the Australian Research Council Linkage grant (project LP130100243), and the Australian Antarctic Science grant (project 4159) to K. Zhang. E. Yizengaw's time was supported by NASA LWS (NNX11AP02G) and AFOSR (FA9550-12-104371) grants. The support in operating the SCINDA network and the COPEX campaign was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The TIEGCM source code was obtained from the High Altitude Observatory website, http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/, and the geomagnetic and solar activity data were obtained from the OMNIWeb website, http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The authors are very grateful to the reviewers for their helpful criticisms and suggested improvements to the manuscript. Fruitful interactions with A. Richmond and A. Maute are also very kindly acknowledged. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5331 EP 5339 DI 10.1002/2014GL060953 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP0BI UT WOS:000341725200002 ER PT J AU Woodward, C van de Walle, A Asta, M Trinkle, DR AF Woodward, C. van de Walle, A. Asta, M. Trinkle, D. R. TI First-principles study of interfacial boundaries in Ni-Ni3Al SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ab initio calculations; Interfaces; Interfacial free energy; Temperature dependence; Superalloys ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AT-PERCENT AL; NI-AL; ALLOYS; PHASE; ENERGIES; NI3AL; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TEMPERATURE; DISORDER AB The width and energy of low-index interfacial boundaries (IFBs) in Ni-Ni3Al are calculated using first-principles methods for temperatures ranging from 0 to 1300 K. The low-temperature, coherent and chemically sharp (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) IFBs are studied using conventional spin-polarized density functional methods. Cluster expansion methods, as implemented in the ATAT software suite, are used to estimate the interfacial excess free energies (IEFEs) and composition and long-range order profiles of these defects as a function of temperature. The simple face-centered cubic-based cluster expansion produces interfacial widths in the range of 1.5-3.0 nm at 1000 K. Interfacial widths double in size with an increase in temperature of 500 K. We also find that the IEFEs for the (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) IFBs are strongly temperature dependent, decreasing by 90% as temperature increases from 0 to 1000 K. While vibrational and electronic entropic contributions were also considered, changes in free energy are dominated by the configurational entropy. The predicted high-temperature IEFE is approximately 10 mJ m(-2) which is in excellent agreement with previous fits to experimentally measured coarsening rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Woodward, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [van de Walle, A.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Asta, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trinkle, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.woodward@us.af.mil; axelvandewalle@brown.edu; mdasta@berkeley.edu; dtrinkle@illinois.edu RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [F33615-01-C-5214]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2306AL3P] FX This research was supported in part by grants from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (F33615-01-C-5214), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (2306AL3P), and computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC). The authors gratefully acknowledge insightful discussions with Profs. J. Perdew, Zi-Kui Liu, Yungzi Wang, and Barry Cooper over the course of this project. One of the authors (C.W.) is particularly grateful for initial discussions in the mid-1990s with David Price about his work in this area. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 75 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.056 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AN8KX UT WOS:000340854200004 ER PT J AU Slipchenko, MN Miller, JD Roy, S Meyer, TR Mance, JG Gord, JR AF Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Miller, Joseph D. Roy, Sukesh Meyer, Terrence R. Mance, Jason G. Gord, James R. TI 100 kHz, 100 ms, 400 J burst-mode laser with dual-wavelength diode-pumped amplifiers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT FLAMES; VISUALIZATION AB The burst duration of an all-diode-pumped burst-mode laser is extended to 100 ms and 100 kHz (10,000 pulses) by utilizing dual-wavelength diode pumping. Total energies of 225 J at 10 kHz and 400 J at 100 kHz are achieved during the 100 ms burst period at 1064 nm. This represents an order-of-magnitude increase in the number of pulses compared with prior work, while maintaining similar or higher pulse energies. Amplitude tailoring of each pulse is used to flatten the burst profile, reducing the standard deviation in pulse energy over the 100 ms burst from 3.7% to 2.1% with a burst-to-burst standard deviation of 0.8%. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Roy, Sukesh; Mance, Jason G.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gord, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.gord@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8650-12-C-2200) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager). The authors acknowledge significant technical contributions from Drs. R. Feeler and J. Doster of Northrop Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 16 BP 4735 EP 4738 DI 10.1364/OL.39.004735 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO1UD UT WOS:000341099400026 PM 25121861 ER PT J AU McGuire, SA Tate, DF Wood, J Sladky, JH McDonald, K Sherman, PM Kawano, ES Rowland, LM Patel, B Wright, SN Hong, E Rasmussen, J Willis, AM Kochunov, PV AF McGuire, Stephen A. Tate, David F. Wood, Joe Sladky, John H. McDonald, Kent Sherman, Paul M. Kawano, Elaine S. Rowland, Laura M. Patel, Beenish Wright, Susan N. Hong, Elliot Rasmussen, Jennifer Willis, Adam M. Kochunov, Peter V. TI Lower neurocognitive function in U-2 pilots SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; ALTITUDE DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; OLDER-ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MICROCOG; COGNITION; RESERVE; VOLUME AB Objective: Determine whether United States Air Force (USAF) U-2 pilots (U2Ps) with occupational exposure to repeated hypobaria had lower neurocognitive performance compared to pilots without repeated hypobaric exposure and whether U2P neurocognitive performance correlated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden. Methods: We collected Multidimensional Aptitude Battery-II (MAB-II) and MicroCog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning (MicroCog) neurocognitive data on USAF U2Ps with a history of repeated occupational exposure to hypobaria and compared these with control data collected from USAF pilots (AFPs) without repeated hypobaric exposure (U2Ps/AFPs MAB-II 87/83; MicroCog 93/80). Additional comparisons were performed between U2Ps with high vs low WMH burden. Results: U2Ps with repeated hypobaric exposure had significantly lower scores than control pilots on reasoning/calculation (U2Ps/AFPs 99.4/106.5), memory (105.5/110.9), information processing accuracy (102.1/105.8), and general cognitive functioning (103.5/108.5). In addition, U2Ps with high whole-brain WMH count showed significantly lower scores on reasoning/calculation (high/low 96.8/104.1), memory (102.9/110.2), general cognitive functioning (101.5/107.2), and general cognitive proficiency (103.6/108.8) than U2Ps with low WMH burden (high/low WMH mean volume 0.213/0.003 cm(3) and mean count 14.2/0.4). Conclusion: In these otherwise healthy, highly functioning individuals, pilots with occupational exposure to repeated hypobaria demonstrated lower neurocognitive performance, albeit demonstrable on only some tests, than pilots without repeated exposure. Furthermore, within the U2P population, higher WMH burden was associated with lower neurocognitive test performance. Hypobaric exposure may be a risk factor for subtle changes in neurocognition. C1 [McGuire, Stephen A.; Wood, Joe; McDonald, Kent; Kawano, Elaine S.] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McGuire, Stephen A.; Rasmussen, Jennifer] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sherman, Paul M.] 59th Med Wing, Dept Neuroradiol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [McGuire, Stephen A.; Sladky, John H.; Willis, Adam M.] 59th Med Wing, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Tate, David F.] Henry Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rowland, Laura M.; Patel, Beenish; Wright, Susan N.; Hong, Elliot; Kochunov, Peter V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Maryland Psychiat Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP McGuire, SA (reprint author), US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM smcguire@satx.rr.com RI Tate, David/I-3963-2013 FU United States Air Force Surgeon General grants [Log I-11-10, I-11-44] FX Supported by United States Air Force Surgeon General grants (Log I-11-10 and I-11-44) to S. A. M. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 83 IS 7 BP 638 EP 645 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN6RB UT WOS:000340722700011 PM 25008397 ER PT J AU Butcher, DP Drummy, L Koerner, H Scheltens, F McComb, D Wadams, RC Fabris, L Bailey, C Tabor, C Durstock, MF AF Butcher, Dennis P. Drummy, Lawrence Koerner, Hilmar Scheltens, Frank McComb, David Wadams, Robert C. Fabris, Laura Bailey, Christopher Tabor, Christopher Durstock, Michael F. TI Control of plasmonic nanoparticle dispersion in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells and consequences on active layer nanostructure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Butcher, Dennis P.; Drummy, Lawrence; Koerner, Hilmar; Bailey, Christopher; Tabor, Christopher; Durstock, Michael F.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Scheltens, Frank; McComb, David] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Anal, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Wadams, Robert C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanotechnol Clean Energy IGERT, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM dennispbutcherjr@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 438-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105256 ER PT J AU Butcher, DP Fordon, K Tabor, C Durstock, M AF Butcher, Dennis P. Fordon, Katherine Tabor, Christopher Durstock, Michael TI Flexible, stretchable, and reconfigurable RF electronic devices enabled by control of gallium liquid metal alloy surface chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Butcher, Dennis P.; Fordon, Katherine; Tabor, Christopher; Durstock, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.butcher.ctr@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 267-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103702 ER PT J AU Corley, CA Barbee, DB Iacono, ST AF Corley, Cynthia A. Barbee, Derek B. Iacono, Scott T. TI Synthesis of a new perfluorocyclopentene-derived bisphenol for multi-functional step-growth polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM cynthia.corley@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 461-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405583 ER PT J AU Eller, JR Seabron, EM Hinman, JG Dalton, MJ Cooper, TM Wilson, WL Murphy, CJ AF Eller, Jonathan R. Seabron, Eric M. Hinman, Joshua G. Dalton, Matthew J. Cooper, Thomas M. Wilson, William L. Murphy, Catherine J. TI Two-photon absorption enhancement of dye-modified gold nanorods studied by gain modulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eller, Jonathan R.; Hinman, Joshua G.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Seabron, Eric M.; Wilson, William L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dalton, Matthew J.; Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeller2@illinois.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 603-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165104134 ER PT J AU Kohler, B Zhang, YY de La Harpe, K AF Kohler, Bern Zhang, Yuyuan de La Harpe, Kimberly TI Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer in model DNA helices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kohler, Bern; Zhang, Yuyuan] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [de La Harpe, Kimberly] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kohler@chemistry.montana.edu RI Kohler, Bern/A-1728-2011 OI Kohler, Bern/0000-0001-5353-1655 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 242-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167403842 ER PT J AU Kuang, ZF Kim, SS Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Kuang, Zhifeng Kim, Steve S. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Computational studies on adsorption- induced structural and kinetic properties of peptides on graphene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kuang, Zhifeng; Kim, Steve S.; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zig.kuang@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 75-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404448 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Iacono, ST Campos, R Ramirez, SM Haddad, TS Stone, RL Diaz, YJ AF Mabry, Joseph M. Iacono, Scott T. Campos, Raymond Ramirez, Sean M. Haddad, Timothy S. Stone, Rebecca L. Diaz, Yvonne J. TI Varieties of fluorinated silsesquioxanes and their wetting-resistant characteristics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.; Stone, Rebecca L.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Campos, Raymond; Ramirez, Sean M.; Haddad, Timothy S.; Diaz, Yvonne J.] ERC Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 538-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405653 ER PT J AU Mehmood, F Pachter, R AF Mehmood, Faisal Pachter, Ruth TI DFT study on the origins of high selectivity of single layer of MoS2 over graphene for gas sensing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mehmood, Faisal; Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM faisal.mehmood.ctr.pk@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 307-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165104534 ER PT J AU Naik, RR AF Naik, Rajesh R. TI Functionalization and assisted assembly of nanostructured materials using biomolecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 97-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404470 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Crouse, CA Spowart, JE Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Crouse, Christopher A. Spowart, Jonathan E. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Hemozoin derived energetic nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Spowart, Jonathan E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] AFRL, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM joseph.slocik.ctr@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 276-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103709 ER PT J AU Stearns, J AF Stearns, Jaime TI Ion pair structure and photodissociation dynamics of ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N] SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stearns, Jaime] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jaime.stearns.1@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 231-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167403833 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Shape memory polyimides based on two novel trifunctionalized phosphine-oxide crosslinking agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng] AFRL RXAS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.] UES inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM david.wang.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 116-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404489 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Wai, CM Brown, GJ AF Wang, Joanna S. Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. TI Formation of insulator oxide films by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of metal alkoxides in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jswang@uidaho.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 162-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165103603 ER PT J AU White, TJ Wie, JJ Wang, DH Tan, LS Ware, TH McConney, ME Tondiglia, VP AF White, Timothy J. Wie, Jeong Jae Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Ware, Taylor H. McConney, Michael E. Tondiglia, Vincent P. TI Optically fixable shape memory in azobenzene-functionalized polymeric materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Timothy J.; Wie, Jeong Jae; Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Ware, Taylor H.; McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 201-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167404572 ER PT J AU Hammack, S Carter, C Wuensche, C Lee, TH AF Hammack, Stephen Carter, Campbell Wuensche, Clemens Lee, Tonghun TI Continuous hydroxyl radical planar laser imaging at 50 kHz repetition rate SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TURBULENT FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAME; PIV/OH-PLIF; OH; DYNAMICS; IMAGES AB This study demonstrates high-repetition-rate planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in flames at a continuous framing rate of 50 kHz. A frequency-doubled dye laser is pumped by the second harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser to generate laser radiation near 283 nm with a pulse width of 8 ns and rate of 50 kHz. Fluorescence is recorded by a two-stage image intensifier and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera. The average power of the 283 nm beam reaches 7W, yielding a pulse energy of 140 mu J. Both a Hencken burner and a DC transient-arc plasmatron are used to produce premixed CH4/air flames to evaluate the OH PLIF system. The average signal-to-noise ratio for the Hencken burner flame is greater than 20 near the flame front and greater than 10 further downstream in a region of the flame near equilibrium. Image sequences of the DC plasmatron discharge clearly illustrate development and evolution of flow features with signal levels comparable to those in the Hencken burner. The results are a demonstration of the ability to make high-fidelity OH PLIF measurements at 50 kHz using a Nd: YAG-pumped, frequency-doubled dye laser. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carter, Campbell] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wuensche, Clemens] Sirah Lasertech GmbH, D-41516 Grevenbroich, Germany. RP Lee, TH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tonghun@illinois.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0802267] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant Nos. FA9550-09-1-0282 and FA9550-10-1-0556) with Dr. Chiping Li as the technical monitor and from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-0802267) NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 23 BP 5246 EP 5251 DI 10.1364/AO.53.005246 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN7TS UT WOS:000340804500021 PM 25320935 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A AF Kahler, S. W. Vourlidas, A. TI SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SUPRATHERMAL SEED-PARTICLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PEAK INTENSITIES; DRIVEN SHOCKS; CYCLE 23; HELIOSPHERE; FLARES; POPULATION AB We examine statistically some properties of 96 20 MeV gradual solar energetic proton (SEP) events as a function of three different types of solar wind (SW) as classified by Richardson and Cane. Gradual SEP (E > 10 MeV) events are produced in shocks driven by fast (V greater than or similar to 900 km s(-1)) and wide (W > 60 degrees) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We find no differences among the transient, fast, and slow SW streams for SEP 20 MeV proton event timescales. It has recently been found that the peak intensities Ip of these SEP events scale with the similar to 2 MeV proton background intensities, which may be a proxy for the near-Sun shock seed particles. Both the intensities Ip and their 2 MeV backgrounds are significantly enhanced in transient SW compared to those of fast and slow SW streams, and the values of Ip normalized to the 2 MeV backgrounds only weakly correlate with CME V for all SW types. This result implies that forecasts of SEP events could be improved by monitoring both the Sun and the local SW stream properties and that the well known power-law size distributions of Ip may differ between transient and long-lived SW streams. We interpret an observed correlation between CME V and the 2 MeV background for SEP events in transient SW as a manifestation of enhanced solar activity. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4]; NASA LWS TR and T program FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. A. Vourlidas was supported by the NASA LWS TR and T program. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. We thank D. Reames for the use of the EPACT proton data and I. Richardson for the use of his list of SW stream types. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 791 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2CY UT WOS:000339657700004 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Li, X Kanekal, SG Hudson, MK Kress, BT AF Selesnick, R. S. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Li, X. Kanekal, S. G. Hudson, M. K. Kress, B. T. TI Observations of the inner radiation belt: CRAND and trapped solar protons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; ZONE AB Measurements of inner radiation belt protons have been made by the Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescopes as a function of kinetic energy (24 to 76 MeV), equatorial pitch angle, and magnetic L shell, during late 2013 and early 2014. A probabilistic data analysis method reduces background from contamination by higher-energy protons. Resulting proton intensities are compared to predictions of a theoretical radiation belt model. Then trapped protons originating both from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) and from trapping of solar protons are evident in the measured distributions. An observed double-peaked distribution in L is attributed, based on the model comparison, to a gap in the occurrence of solar proton events during the 2007 to 2011 solar minimum. Equatorial pitch angle distributions show that trapped solar protons are confined near the magnetic equator but that CRAND protons can reach low altitudes. Narrow pitch angle distributions near the outer edge of the inner belt are characteristic of proton trapping limits. C1 [Selesnick, R. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hudson, M. K.; Kress, B. T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado; College by RBSP-ECT through JHU/APL under prime NASA [967399, NAS5-01072]; NSF [ATM-1023332] FX The authors thank C. A. Kletzing for EMFISIS magnetic field data used in pitch angle determination and M. G. Henderson and G. D. Reeves for magnetic ephemeris data from the IGRF+OP77Q model. Van Allen Probes REPT and ephemeris data are available from the ECT Science Operations and Data Center, http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov, and EMFISIS data from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado and Dartmouth College by RBSP-ECT funding through JHU/APL contract 967399 under prime NASA contract NAS5-01072, and by NSF grant ATM-1023332 to Dartmouth College. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 DI 10.1002/2014JA020188 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BJ UT WOS:000344809600035 ER PT J AU Vickers, H Kosch, MJ Sutton, E Bjoland, L Ogawa, Y La Hoz, C AF Vickers, H. Kosch, M. J. Sutton, E. Bjoland, L. Ogawa, Y. La Hoz, C. TI A solar cycle of upper thermosphere density observations from the EISCAT Svalbard Radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS DENSITY; NEUTRAL DENSITY; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; CHAMP; DECREASE AB We exploit a recently developed technique, based on ion-neutral coupling, which allows estimations of the upper thermospheric neutral density using measurements of ionospheric plasma parameters made by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR). The technique is applied to a 13 year long data set of measurements for the purpose of studying and quantifying the effect of solar activity on the upper thermospheric density inside the polar cap. We concentrate on the effect of solar activity at 350 km altitude and find a strong linear correlation between the ESR estimates for the atomic oxygen density and the solar irradiance proxy F10.7 index. We use the relationship to isolate variations in the thermospheric density that are present after solar activity influences are removed. Our results show a decrease in the density of a few percent over the 13 year period, which is nevertheless smaller than the uncertainty associated with the decline. We anticipate that the statistical significance of this result will only increase by studying a longer data set. Conjunctions with the CHAMP satellite that show very good agreement is achieved at 350 km especially during low solar activity. C1 [Vickers, H.; Bjoland, L.; La Hoz, C.] Univ Tromso, Inst Phys & Technol, Tromso, Norway. [Kosch, M. J.] South African Natl Space Agcy, Hermanus, South Africa. [Sutton, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Ogawa, Y.] NIPR, Tokyo, Japan. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. RP Vickers, H (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Inst Phys & Technol, Tromso, Norway. EM hannah.vickers@uit.no RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016; OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189; Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 FU China (CRIRP); France (CNRS); Finland (SA); Germany (DFG); Japan (NIPR); Japan (STEL); Norway (NFR); Sweden (VR); United Kingdom (NERC) FX EISCAT is an international association supported by research organizations in China (CRIRP), France (CNRS, till end 2006), Finland (SA), Germany (DFG, until end of 2011), Japan (NIPR and STEL), Norway (NFR), Sweden (VR), and United Kingdom (NERC). EISCAT data used in this work were obtained through the schedule pages of the EISCAT website (www.eiscat.se). CHAMP and GRACE satellite data were provided through personal communication with Eric Sutton at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Conjunctions with the CHAMP satellite were determined using the Satellite Situation Centre spacecraft locator tool (SSCWeb) at http://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/Locator.cgi. Solar flux, solar zenith angle, and MSIS data were all obtained through the Madrigal database. We are also grateful to Andrew Senior for his valuable input to this work. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 DI 10.1002/2014JA019885 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BJ UT WOS:000344809600058 ER PT J AU Thomas, RD Moses, NC Semple, EA Strang, AJ AF Thomas, Robin D. Moses, Nathan C. Semple, Erin A. Strang, Adam J. TI An efficient algorithm for the computation of average mutual information: Validation and implementation in Matlab SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mutual information; Numerical computation; Copula modeling; State-space reconstruction ID INSTANCE THEORY; AUTOMATICITY; SELECTION; WEIBULL; TIME AB Average mutual information (AMI) measures the dependence between pairs of random variables. It has been used in many applications including blind source separation, data mining, neural synchronicity assessment, and state space reconstruction in human movement studies. Presently, several algorithms and computational code exist to estimate AMI. However, most are difficult to use and/or understand the manner by which AMI is calculated. We offer a straightforward and implementable function in Matlab (Mathworks, Inc.) for the computation of AMI in relatively modest sized data streams (N < similar to 15,000). Our algorithm incorporates some best practices for statistical estimation that improves accuracy over other readily available options. We present three validation tests: (i) recovery of a known theoretical expected mutual information in a bivariate Gaussian random variable, (ii) invariance with respect to marginal distribution characteristics, and (iii) optimum time-delay selection in state space reconstruction. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, Robin D.; Semple, Erin A.] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Moses, Nathan C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Math Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Strang, Adam J.] Air Force Res Lab, Consortium Res Fellows Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Thomas, RD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM thomasrd@miamioh.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2496 EI 1096-0880 J9 J MATH PSYCHOL JI J. Math. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jmp.2014.09.001 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA AS0II UT WOS:000343960700006 ER PT J AU Bewick, B Williamson, E AF Bewick, Bryan Williamson, Eric TI Computational Modeling of Steel Stud Wall Systems for Applications to Blast-Resistant Design SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Cold-formed steel studs; Finite-element modeling; Blast-resistant design; Shock and vibratory effects AB Past research has shown that blast-loaded steel stud walls exhibit a range of different failure mechanisms depending on the stud and track section properties, connection details, and sheathing characteristics. To date, few studies have addressed the computational modeling of these systems. Because large-scale blast tests are expensive and logistically difficult, computational models are needed to evaluate different design options prior to carrying out full-scale experiments. In this paper, the authors present finite-element models that capture the peak load and deformation capacity of steel stud wall systems, accounting for the failure modes observed in past testing. The proposed models strike a balance between level of refinement and computational efficiency. These models were validated against data collected from an extensive laboratory testing program. Based on observations from both the lab tests and computational simulations, recommendations are given for improving the large-deformation response of these systems. Through simple and inexpensive design modifications, the capacity of steel stud walls can be made to far exceed existing response limits. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Bewick, Bryan] Protect Engn Consultants, Austin, TX 78737 USA. [Bewick, Bryan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Williamson, Eric] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Williamson, E (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bbewick@protection-consultants.com; ewilliamson@mail.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 140 IS 8 SI SI DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000942 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ5FZ UT WOS:000342833600017 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN Scofield, JD AF Leiweke, Robert J. Ganguly, Biswa N. Scofield, James D. TI Voltage and pressure scaling of streamer dynamics in a helium plasma jet with N-2 co-flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; DISCHARGES; AFTERGLOW AB Positive polarity applied voltage and gas pressure dependent scaling of cathode directed streamer propagation properties in helium gas flow guided capillary dielectric barrier discharge have been quantified from streamer velocity, streamer current, and streamer optical diameter measurements. All measurements of the non-stochastic streamer properties have been performed in a variable gas pressure glass cell with N-2 co-flow and under self-consistent Poisson electric field dominated conditions to permit data comparison with 2-D streamer dynamics models in air/nitrogen. The streamer optical diameter was found to be nearly independent of both gas pressures, from 170 Torr up to 760 Torr, and also for applied voltages from 6 to 11 kV at 520 Torr. The streamer velocity was found to increase quadratically with increased applied voltage. These observed differences in the 2-D scaling properties of ionization wave sustained cathode directed streamer propagation in helium flow channel with N-2 annular co-flow compared to the streamer propagation in air or nitrogen have been shown to be caused by the remnant ionization distribution due to large differences in the dissociative recombination rates of He-2(+) versus N-4(+) ions, for this 5 kHz repetition rate applied voltage pulse generated streamers. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Leiweke, Robert J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.; Scofield, James D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leiweke, RJ (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We wish to thank Dr. Alan Garscadden for discussion and his comments on the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Jason Marshall, Program Manager). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 IS 8 AR 083508 DI 10.1063/1.4892968 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AQ4IZ UT WOS:000342760600081 ER PT J AU Rino, CL Carrano, CS Roddy, P AF Rino, C. L. Carrano, C. S. Roddy, Patrick TI Wavelet-based analysis and power law classification of C/NOFS high-resolution electron density data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionospheric structure classification; ESF; C; NOFS; wavelets ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; GHZ SCINTILLATIONS; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; SPECTRUM; VHF AB This paper applies new wavelet-based analysis procedures to low Earth-orbiting satellite measurements of equatorial ionospheric structure. The analysis was applied to high-resolution data from 285 Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite orbits sampling the postsunset period at geomagnetic equatorial latitudes. The data were acquired during a period of progressively intensifying equatorial structure. The sampled altitude range varied from 400 to 800 km. The varying scan velocity remained within 20 degrees of the cross-field direction. Time-to-space interpolation generated uniform samples at approximately 8 m. A maximum segmentation length that supports stochastic structure characterization was identified. A two-component inverse power law model was fit to scale spectra derived from each segment together with a goodness-of-fit measure. Inverse power law parameters derived from the scale spectra were used to classify the scale spectra by type. The largest category was characterized by a single inverse power law with a mean spectral index somewhat larger than 2. No systematic departure from the inverse power law was observed to scales greater than 100 km. A small subset of the most highly disturbed passes at the lowest sampled altitudes could be categorized by two-component power law spectra with a range of break scales from less than 100 m to several kilometers. The results are discussed within the context of other analyses of in situ data and spectral characteristics used for scintillation analyses. C1 [Rino, C. L.; Carrano, C. S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Roddy, Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Inst Sci Res, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Rino, CL (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM crino@comcast.net NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 8 BP 680 EP 688 DI 10.1002/2013RS005272 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA AQ5DF UT WOS:000342824800009 ER PT J AU Pinson, ML Coop, CA Webb, CN AF Pinson, Michelle L. Coop, Christopher A. Webb, Charles N. TI Metal hypersensitivity in total joint arthroplasty SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; BEARING SURFACES; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; ALLERGY; REPLACEMENT; POPULATION AB Objective: To review the clinical manifestations, testing methods, and treatment options for hypersensitivity reactions to total joint arthroplasty procedures. Data Sources: Studies were identified using MEDLINE and reference lists of key articles. Study Selections: Randomized controlled trials were selected when available. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of peer-reviewed literature were included, as were case series and observational studies of clinical interest. Results: Total joint arthroplasty procedures are increasing, as are the hypersensitivity reactions to these implants. Evidence is not conclusive as to whether metal joint implants increase metal sensitivity or whether metal sensitivity leads to prosthesis failure. Currently, patch testing is still the most widely used method for determining metal hypersensitivity; however, there are no standardized commercial panels specific for total joint replacements available currently. In vitro testing has shown comparable results in some studies, but its use in the clinical setting may be limited by the cost and need for specialized laboratories. Hypersensitivity testing is generally recommended before surgery for patients with a reported history of metal sensitivity. In cases of metal hypersensitivity-related joint failure, surgical revision ultimately may be required. Knowledge about joint replacement hypersensitivity reactions becomes vital because the approach to the evaluation depends on appropriate testing to guide recommendations for future arthroplasty procedures. Conclusion: Evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions after total joint arthroplasty requires a systematic approach, including a careful history, targeted evaluation with skin testing, and in vitro studies. (C) 2014 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pinson, Michelle L.; Coop, Christopher A.; Webb, Charles N.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pinson, ML (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michelle.pinson.1@us.af.mil NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 113 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.012 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA AO4IP UT WOS:000341301000004 PM 24934108 ER PT J AU Parasuraman, R McKinley, RA AF Parasuraman, Raja McKinley, Richard A. TI Using Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Accelerate Learning and Enhance Human Performance SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE noninvasive brain stimulation; neuroergonomics; cognitive neuroscience; learning; cognition; memory (short-term, long-term, working memory) ID WORKING-MEMORY; NEUROENHANCEMENT; CONNECTIVITY; CORTEX; TDCS; RAT AB Objective: The authors evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation, in particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for accelerating learning and enhancing human performance on complex tasks. Background: Developing expertise in complex tasks typically requires extended training and practice. Neuroergonomics research has suggested new methods that can accelerate learning and boost human performance. TDCS is one such method. It involves the application of a weak DC current to the scalp and has the potential to modulate brain networks underlying the performance of a perceptual, cognitive, or motor task. Method: Examples of tDCS studies of declarative and procedural learning are discussed. This mini-review focuses on studies employing complex simulations representative of surveillance and security operations, intelligence analysis, and procedural learning in complex monitoring. Results: The evidence supports the view that tDCS can accelerate learning and enhance performance in a range of complex cognitive tasks. Initial findings also suggest that such benefits can be retained over time, but additional research is needed on training schedules and transfer of training. Conclusion: Noninvasive brain stimulation can accelerate skill acquisition in complex tasks and may provide an alternative or addition to other training methods. C1 [Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McKinley, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Parasuraman, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rparasur@gmu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0385, 14RH03COR] FX This research was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant FA9550-10-1-0385 to R. P. and AFOSR Award 14RH03COR to R.A.M. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 41 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD AUG PY 2014 VL 56 IS 5 BP 816 EP 824 DI 10.1177/0018720814538815 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AN6RN UT WOS:000340724100002 PM 25141590 ER PT J AU Ingalls, N Zonies, D Bailey, JA Martin, KD Iddins, BO Carlton, PK Hanseman, D Branson, R Dorlac, W Johannigman, J AF Ingalls, Nichole Zonies, David Bailey, Jeffrey A. Martin, Kathleen D. Iddins, Bart O. Carlton, Paul K. Hanseman, Dennis Branson, Richard Dorlac, Warren Johannigman, Jay TI A Review of the First 10 Years of Critical Care Aeromedical Transport During Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom The Importance of Evacuation Timing SO JAMA SURGERY LA English DT Review ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE AB IMPORTANCE Advances in the care of the injured patient are perhaps the only benefit of military conflict. One of the unique aspects of the military medical care system that emerged during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom has been the opportunity to apply existing civilian trauma system standards to the provision of combat casualty care across an evolving theater of operations. OBJECTIVES To identify differences in mortality for soldiers undergoing early and rapid evacuation from the combat theater and to evaluate the capabilities of the Critical Care Air Transport Team (CCATT) and Joint Theater Trauma Registry databases to provide adequate data to support future initiatives for improvement of performance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective review of CCATT records and the Joint Theater Trauma Registry from September 11, 2001, to December 31, 2010, for the in-theater military medicine health system, including centers in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Germany. Of 2899 CCATT transport records, those for 975 individuals had all the required data elements. EXPOSURE Rapid evacuation by the CCATT. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Survival as a function of time from injury to arrival at the role IV facility at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center. RESULTS The patient cohort demonstrated a mean Injury Severity Score of 23.7 and an overall 30-day mortality of 2.1%. Mortality en route was less than 0.02%. Statistically significant differences between survivors and decedents with respect to the Injury Severity Score (mean [SD], 23.4 [12.4] vs 37.7 [16.5]; P <.001), cumulative volume of blood transfused among the patients in each group who received a transfusion (P < .001), worst base deficit (mean [SD], -3.4 [5.0] vs -7.8 [6.9]; P = .02), and worst international normalized ratio (median [interquartile range], 1.2 [1.0-1.4] vs 1.4 [1.1-2.2]; P = .03) were observed. We found no statistically significant difference between survivors and decedents with respect to time from injury to arrival at definitive care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Rapid movement of critically injured casualties within hours of wounding appears to be effective, with a minimal mortality incurred during movement and overall 30-day mortality. We found no association between the duration of time from wounding to arrival at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center with respect to mortality. C1 [Ingalls, Nichole] Univ Nevada, Nellis AFB, Dept Surg, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Zonies, David] Landsthul Reg Med Ctr, Crit Care Program, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Bailey, Jeffrey A.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Joint Trauma Syst, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Martin, Kathleen D.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Trauma Program, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Iddins, Bart O.] Headquarters Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Carlton, Paul K.] US Dept HHS, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Hanseman, Dennis; Branson, Richard; Dorlac, Warren; Johannigman, Jay] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Johannigman, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert SabinWay,Mail Locat 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM jay.johannigman@uc.edu FU Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati FX This study was supported by internal funding from the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6254 EI 2168-6262 J9 JAMA SURG JI JAMA Surg. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 149 IS 8 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.621 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA AN8DZ UT WOS:000340834300013 PM 25074327 ER PT J AU Chambers, JA Burkett, E Ward, JB Boetig, B Waller, SG AF Chambers, James A. Burkett, Edwin Ward, Jane B. Boetig, Bradley Waller, Stephen G. TI Global health diplomacy training for military medical researchers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Chambers, James A.] USAF, MC, SFS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Chambers, James A.; Burkett, Edwin; Ward, Jane B.; Boetig, Bradley; Waller, Stephen G.] USU, Logan, UT USA. [Burkett, Edwin; Boetig, Bradley] USAF, MC, Washington, DC USA. [Ward, Jane B.; Waller, Stephen G.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. RP Chambers, JA (reprint author), USAF, MC, SFS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RI yan, liu/A-1822-2015 OI yan, liu/0000-0001-8517-1084 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 179 IS 8 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UO UT WOS:000340806700001 ER PT J AU Greenwood, AD Christlieb, AJ Hoff, BW Heidger, SL AF Greenwood, Andrew D. Christlieb, Andrew J. Hoff, Brad W. Heidger, Susan L. TI FDTD/Flux-Corrected Transport Model for Highly Non-Linear Dielectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); flux corrected transport; nonlinear ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AB Non-linear ferro-electric materials exhibit electromagnetic shock-forming properties which can be a challenge for electromagnetic modeling algorithms such as finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). If the material response time is sufficiently fast, the shock fronts steepen until the Nyquist sampling criteria is violated, and the resulting aliasing leads to spurious grid oscillations. A flux corrected transport (FCT) algorithm is adapted for use on the staggered FDTD mesh and effectively removes the spurious oscillations. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. C1 [Greenwood, Andrew D.; Hoff, Brad W.; Heidger, Susan L.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christlieb, Andrew J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Greenwood, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 62 IS 8 BP 4365 EP 4368 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2322908 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AN2XV UT WOS:000340450200051 ER PT J AU Kihm, KD Hight, B Kirchoff, E Yi, H Rosenfeld, J Rawal, S Hussey, D Jacobson, D Bilheux, H Walker, L Voisin, S Pratt, D Swanson, A AF Kihm, K. D. Hight, B. Kirchoff, E. Yi, H. Rosenfeld, J. Rawal, S. Hussey, D. Jacobson, D. Bilheux, H. Walker, L. Voisin, S. Pratt, D. Swanson, A. TI Neutron Tomography of Lithium (Li) Coolant inside a Niobium (Nb) Heat Pipe SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kihm, K. D.; Hight, B.; Kirchoff, E.; Yi, H.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rosenfeld, J.] Thermacore Inc, Lancaster, PA USA. [Rawal, S.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO USA. [Hussey, D.; Jacobson, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bilheux, H.; Walker, L.; Voisin, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pratt, D.; Swanson, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 IS 8 AR 080903 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AN2RQ UT WOS:000340433400004 ER PT J AU Tiley, JS Shiveley, AR Pilchak, AL Shade, PA Groeber, MA AF Tiley, J. S. Shiveley, A. R. Pilchak, A. L. Shade, P. A. Groeber, M. A. TI 3D reconstruction of prior beta grains in friction stir- processed Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE 3D reconstruction; EBSD characterization; titanium alloys ID TITANIUM-ALLOY; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; HOT-WORKING; FIB-SEM; ALPHA; MICROSTRUCTURES; EBSD; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; MECHANISMS AB The prior grain structure and orientations in the central stir zone of friction stir-processed Ti-6Al-4V were reconstructed from measured phase orientations obtained by three-dimensional serial sectioning in a dual-beam focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. The data were processed to obtain the colony and grain size distributions in the volume. Several grains were individually analysed to determine the total number of unique variants and the respective volume fractions of each. The analysis revealed that some grains experienced overwhelming variant selection (i.e. one variant dominated) whereas other grains contained a more evenly distributed mixture of all 12 variants. C1 [Tiley, J. S.; Shiveley, A. R.; Pilchak, A. L.; Shade, P. A.; Groeber, M. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shiveley, A. R.] UES, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tiley, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jaimie.tiley@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 255 IS 2 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1111/jmi.12137 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA AN2NC UT WOS:000340421400002 PM 25131662 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Cao, YC Casbeer, DW AF Garcia, Eloy Cao, Yongcan Casbeer, David W. TI Model-based event-triggered multi-vehicle coordinated tracking control using reduced order models SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-INTEGRATOR DYNAMICS; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; DIRECTED INTERACTION; CONSENSUS; COMMUNICATION; CONVERGENCE; INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS; DELAYS AB The coordinated tracking problem where a group of followers intercepts a dynamic leader is studied. It is shown in this paper that reduction of inter-agent communication is obtained and improved performance is achieved when each follower implements dynamical models of neighbors and by using an event-triggered control strategy that requires each agent to send measurement updates only when necessary. The results in this paper consider directed graphs and the possible existence of cycles. Performance bounds on the tracking error have been obtained, which are functions of the communication topology and the event thresholds. This approach is extended to consider measurement noise and similar bounds are presented for this case. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Franklin Institute. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Garcia, Eloy; Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 EI 1879-2693 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 351 IS 8 BP 4271 EP 4286 DI 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2014.05.004 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA AN1GC UT WOS:000340329700013 ER PT J AU Cheng, CH Liou, LL Lin, DM Tsui, JB Tai, HM AF Cheng, Chi-Hao Liou, Lee L. Lin, David M. Tsui, James B. Tai, Heng-Ming TI Wideband in-phase/quadrature imbalance compensation using finite impulse response filter SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; RECEIVERS; SYSTEMS AB The authors proposed an in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance compensation technique for wideband digital receiver applications. An I/Q channel-based receiver can double the receiver working bandwidth. However, the amplitude/phase imbalance of an imperfect hybrid coupler can generate image signals thus reducing the receiver's instantaneous dynamic range. They developed a finite impulse response filter-based technique to mitigate deleterious effects because of the amplitude/phase imbalance. Both simulations and experiments were conducted to verify validity of the developed algorithm. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed imbalance mitigation technique can reduce image signal powers by more than 24 dB or down to noise level. A receiver system level simulation is also conducted to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed imbalance mitigation method. C1 [Cheng, Chi-Hao] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Liou, Lee L.; Lin, David M.; Tsui, James B.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Tai, Heng-Ming] Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Cheng, CH (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM chengc@miamioh.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2013.0123 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AN0HK UT WOS:000340265100011 ER PT J AU Lindholm, GJ Cobb, RG AF Lindholm, Garrison J. Cobb, Richard G. TI Closed-Loop Control of a Constrained, Resonant-Flapping Micro Air Vehicle SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIFT FORCE CONTROL; FLIGHT; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; INSECT AB Interest in flapping-wing micro air vehicles has grown in recent years. Considerable research has been invested in the areas of unsteady and low-Reynolds-number aerodynamics as well as techniques to fabricate small-scale prototypes. Control of these vehicles has been less studied, and most control techniques proposed have only been implemented within simulations. In this work, power efficiency versus flapping frequency is studied and shown to be maximized while flapping at the piezo-driven system's resonance. Then, a resonant flapping control scheme, biharmonic amplitude and bias modulation, was used with prototype hardware to demonstrate closed-loop control of two different constrained configurations. This work is important in the development and understanding of eventual nonconstrained flight-capable flapping-wing micro air vehicles. C1 [Lindholm, Garrison J.; Cobb, Richard G.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindholm, GJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate under the direction of Gregory Parker. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1616 EP 1623 DI 10.2514/1.J052641 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AM1XG UT WOS:000339642000004 ER PT J AU Wenckus, DJ Gao, W Kominiarek, MA Wilkins, I AF Wenckus, D. J. Gao, W. Kominiarek, M. A. Wilkins, I. TI The effects of labor and delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twins: a retrospective cohort study SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caesarean; trial of labour; twins ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; VAGINAL DELIVERY; 2ND TWIN; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLANNED MODE; 1ST TWIN; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; DEATH AB Objective To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in twins undergoing a trial of labor versus pre-labor caesarean. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting 19 US hospitals from the Consortium on Safe Labor. Population Of 2225 twin sets >= 36 weeks' gestation. Methods Maternal (abruption, estimated blood loss, postpartum haemorrhage, transfusion, chorioamnionitis, hysterectomy, ICU admission, death) and neonatal outcomes (birth injury, 5-minute Apgar <7, NICU admission, RDS, TTN, sepsis, asphyxia, NICU length of stay, death) were compared between the trial of labour and pre-labour caesarean groups with univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Similar analyses were performed for actual delivery modes. Main outcome measures Maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results Among the 2225 twin sets, 1078 had a trial of labour, and 65.9% of those delivered vaginally. There was an increased risk for postpartum haemorrhage [OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-4.5] and blood transfusion (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.2) for the trial of labour compared with pre-labour caesarean groups. Birth injury only occurred in the trial of labour group, 1% Twin A, 0.4% Twin B. Both twins had a higher risk of 5-minute Apgar <7 with trial of labour compared to pre-labour caesarean (A: OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.05-14.5; B: OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3-12.3). Conclusion Term twins undergoing a trial of labour have increased maternal haemorrhage and transfusions along with neonatal birth trauma and lower Apgar scores, but these absolute neonatal occurrences were rare. Trial of labour in twins remains a safe and reasonable option in appropriately selected cases. C1 [Wenckus, D. J.; Kominiarek, M. A.; Wilkins, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Gao, W.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Wenckus, DJ (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dalia.wenckus@mac.com FU Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health [HHSN2672006 03425C]; NICHD [K12HD055892]; NIH office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH); University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) from the National Center for Research Resources [UL1RR029879] FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, through a contract (Contract No. HHSN2672006 03425C), by Grant Number K12HD055892 from the NICHD and NIH office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH), and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), Award Number UL1RR029879 from the National Center for Research Resources. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1470-0328 EI 1471-0528 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD AUG PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1111/1471-0528.12642 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AL9TD UT WOS:000339483400017 PM 24575851 ER PT J AU Culbertson, J Sturtz, K AF Culbertson, Jared Sturtz, Kirk TI A Categorical Foundation for Bayesian Probability SO APPLIED CATEGORICAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Bayesian probability; Decision rules; Giry monad; Regular conditional probability ID REGULAR CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES AB Building on the work of Lawvere and others, we develop a categorical framework for Bayesian probability. This foundation will then allow for Bayesian representations of uncertainty to be integrated into other categorical modeling applications. The main result uses an existence theorem for regular conditional probabilities by Faden, which holds in more generality than the standard setting of Polish spaces. This more general setting is advantageous, as it allows for non-trivial decision rules (Eilenberg-Moore algebras) on finite (as well as non finite) spaces. In this way, we obtain a common framework for decision theory and Bayesian probability. C1 [Culbertson, Jared] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sturtz, Kirk] Universal Math, Vandalia, OH 45377 USA. RP Culbertson, J (reprint author), Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jared.culbertson@wpafb.af.mil; kirksturtz@UniversalMath.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to express gratitude to F. W. Lawvere, P. F. Stiller and T. Nguyen for many fruitful conversations regarding these ideas. We also thank the reviewer for the helpful comments provided that have led to a much clearer exposition. This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for which the authors are extremely grateful. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-2852 EI 1572-9095 J9 APPL CATEGOR STRUCT JI Appl. Categ. Struct. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 647 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10485-013-9324-9 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AL3EJ UT WOS:000339008100003 ER PT J AU Glasgow, SC Heafner, TA Watson, JDB Aden, JK Perry, WB AF Glasgow, Sean C. Heafner, Thomas A. Watson, J. Devin B. Aden, James K. Perry, W. Brian TI Initial Management and Outcome of Modern Battlefield Anal Trauma SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Article DE Anorectal surgery; Ostomy; Outcomes research; Colorectal surgery; General surgery; Trauma ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; RECTAL INJURIES; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; ENDURING FREEDOM; SPHINCTER REPAIR; COMBAT WOUNDS; COLOSTOMY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLON AB BACKGROUND: Despite the potential for morbidity and permanent lifestyle alteration, few reports exist examining traumatic injury to the anal canal, particularly among modern-day combatants. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document the incidence, initial surgical management, and long-term outcomes of wartime anal trauma. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review. DATA SOURCES: Data were compiled from multiple electronic medical record systems, including the Department of Defense Trauma Registry, the Patient Administration Systems and Biostatistics Activity, and the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Tracking Application. SETTINGS: Combatants were treated at military treatment facilities with surgical capability during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2003 through early 2011. PATIENTS: All US and coalition combatants sustaining trauma to the anal canal or sphincter musculature were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The quantification of incidence, the evaluation of initial treatment approach, and the determination of clinical and surgical factors correlating with restoration or preservation of GI tract continuity were the primary outcomes measured. RESULTS: Anal trauma occurred in 46 combatants, predominantly from blast injury (76.1%). Most (36, 78.2%) underwent fecal diversion. Concurrent severe systemic or intra-abdominal injuries correlated with colostomy creation. Acute anoplasty was attempted in 11 patients (23.7%) but did not influence eventual colostomy reversal. Among 33 US personnel, the permanent colostomy rate was 30.3%. Concurrent injury to the abdomen strongly predicted long-term colostomy (p = 0.009), along with hypogastric arterial ligation (p = 0.05) and pelvic fracture (p = 0.06). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the potential underdiagnosis of anal injury and the restricted follow-up of non-US personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Other injuries besides anal trauma typically have guided the decision for fecal diversion, and acute anal repair has rarely been indicated. The majority of patients with anal trauma regained normal GI continuity, although certain pelvic injuries increased the likelihood of permanent colostomy. C1 [Glasgow, Sean C.] St Louis Univ, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Glasgow, Sean C.] US Air Force, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, St Louis, MO USA. [Heafner, Thomas A.; Watson, J. Devin B.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Aden, James K.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Perry, W. Brian] Audie L Murphy Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Glasgow, SC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Surg, 3635 Vista & Grand Blvd,3 FDT, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM glasgowsc@slu.edu FU Defense Health Program [6.7 FY12] FX Research was funded in part by Defense Health Program 6.7 FY12 grant, "Quality of Life and Obstacles to Care in Injured Personnel with Ostomies," principle investigator Major Sean C. Glasgow. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0012-3706 EI 1530-0358 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD AUG PY 2014 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000141 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA AL6KO UT WOS:000339241500015 PM 25003297 ER PT J AU Fahey, S Boieriu, P Morath, C Guidry, D Treider, L Bommena, R Zhao, J Buurma, C Grein, C Sivananthan, S AF Fahey, S. Boieriu, P. Morath, C. Guidry, D. Treider, L. Bommena, R. Zhao, J. Buurma, C. Grein, C. Sivananthan, S. TI Influence of Hydrogenation on Electrical Conduction in HgCdTe Thin Films on Silicon SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE HgCdTe; hydrogen passivation; infrared detectors; Hall effect ID P-TYPE HGCDTE; MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION; CARRIER TRANSPORT; INFRARED HGCDTE; PARAMETERS; DETECTORS; MOBILITY AB HgCdTe is the standard state-of-the-art infrared detector material for space applications. HgCdTe-based infrared photon detector performance can be hindered due to the presence of bulk crystal defects and dangling bonds at surfaces or interfaces. Passivation of such bulk defects and surfaces can potentially improve detector performance by saturating dangling bonds in dislocation cores and at surfaces. Indeed, results showing improvement of HgCdTe current-voltage characteristics after hydrogenation have been reported. Here we use multiple-carrier fitting of Hall-effect data, acquired under variable magnetic field strengths and sample temperatures, to investigate the physical influence of hydrogenation, as a passivation procedure, on HgCdTe crystalline thin films on Si(211) substrates. We find: (1) evidence of multiple active electrical carrier species in all samples, (2) evidence of surface electrical conduction before and after hydrogenation, and (3) changes in carrier concentration and mobility induced by hydrogenation. C1 [Fahey, S.; Boieriu, P.; Bommena, R.; Zhao, J.] EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60640 USA. [Morath, C.; Guidry, D.; Treider, L.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Buurma, C.; Grein, C.; Sivananthan, S.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fahey, S (reprint author), EPIR Technol Inc, 590 Terr Dr Unit B, Bolingbrook, IL 60640 USA. EM sfahey@epir.com FU Missile Defense Agency (MDA) FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work provided by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). We also thank Jeremy Bergeson for helpful discussions and logistical assistance. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2831 EP 2840 DI 10.1007/s11664-014-3122-5 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AL7SH UT WOS:000339334800010 ER PT J AU Patterson, RE Blaha, LM Grinstein, GG Liggett, KK Kaveney, DE Sheldon, KC Havig, PR Moore, JA AF Patterson, Robert E. Blaha, Leslie M. Grinstein, Georges G. Liggett, Kristen K. Kaveney, David E. Sheldon, Kathleen C. Havig, Paul R. Moore, Jason A. TI A human cognition framework for information visualization SO COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK LA English DT Article DE Information visualization; Visual analytics; Human cognition; Cognitive augmentation; Visual attention ID LONG-TERM-MEMORY; WORKING-MEMORY; DECISION-MAKING; VISUAL-SEARCH; 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; LINE SEGMENTS; MENTAL MODELS; ATTENTION; REPRESENTATION; PERSPECTIVE AB We present a human cognition framework for information visualization. This framework emphasizes how top-down cognitive processing enables the induction of insight, reasoning, and understanding, which are key goals of the visual analytics community. Specifically, we present a set of six leverage points that can be exploited by visualization designers in order to measurably influence certain aspects of human cognition: (1) exogenous attention; (2) endogenous attention; (3) chunking; (4) reasoning with mental models; (5) analogical reasoning; and (6) implicit learning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patterson, Robert E.; Blaha, Leslie M.; Liggett, Kristen K.; Havig, Paul R.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grinstein, Georges G.; Sheldon, Kathleen C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Lowell, MA USA. [Kaveney, David E.; Moore, Jason A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Liggett, KK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kristen.liggett@us.af.mil NR 150 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8493 EI 1873-7684 J9 COMPUT GRAPH-UK JI Comput. Graph.-UK PD AUG PY 2014 VL 42 BP 42 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.cag.2014.03.002 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AK4NP UT WOS:000338401700004 ER PT J AU Lyall, ME King, PI Clark, JP Sondergaard, R AF Lyall, M. Eric King, Paul I. Clark, John P. Sondergaard, Rolf TI Endwall Loss Reduction of High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoils Using Profile Contouring-Part I: Airfoil Design SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY FLOWS; PERFORMANCE; CASCADES AB This paper presents the reasoning for and the design process of contouring a high lift front-loaded low pressure turbine (LPT) airfoil near the endwall to reduce the endwall loss. The test airfoil, L2F, was designed to the approximate gas angles with 38% larger pitchwise spacing than the widely studied Pack B airfoil. Being more front-loaded with a higher stagger angle, L2F is shown to produce more endwall losses than Pack B. It is suggested that the high endwall loss of L2F is due to the high stagger angle, not front-loading, as usually suggested in the literature. A procedure is presented to approximate the front-loading and stall resistance of L2F and obtain a low stagger version of that airfoil, designated as L2F-LS. A contoured airfoil is then designed by transitioning L2F into L2F-LS at the endwall to obtain a benefit from the reduced stagger angle at the endwall. Due to the contouring process generating a fillet, the contoured airfoil is referred to as L2F-EF ("endwall fillet"). Predictions in this paper suggest endwall loss reductions between 17% and 24% at Re = 100,000. Linear cascade experiments in Part II of this paper indicate that L2F-EF reduces endwall losses more than 20% compared to L2F. The overall conclusion is that the stagger angle has a significant effect on endwall loss and should be considered for designing high lift LPT airfoils at the endwall. C1 [Lyall, M. Eric; Clark, John P.; Sondergaard, Rolf] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [King, Paul I.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyall, ME (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.lyall@us.af.mil; paul.king@us.edu; john.clark.38@us.af.mil; rolf.sondergaard@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 IS 8 AR 081005 DI 10.1115/1.4025951 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AJ7XB UT WOS:000337913000005 ER PT J AU Sangston, K Little, J Lyall, ME Sondergaard, R AF Sangston, Keith Little, Jesse Lyall, M. Eric Sondergaard, Rolf TI End Wall Loss Reduction of High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoils Using Profile Contouring-Part II: Validation SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY FLOWS; CASCADES; DESIGN AB The hypothesis, posed in Part I, that excessive end wall loss of high lift low pressure turbine (LPT) airfoils is due to the influence of high stagger angles on the end wall pressure distribution and not front loading is evaluated in a linear cascade at Re = 100,000 using both experimental and computational studies. A nominally high lift and high stagger angle front-loaded profile (L2F) with aspect ratio 3.5 is contoured at the end wall to reduce the stagger angle while maintaining the front loading. The contouring process effectively generates a fillet at the end wall, so the resulting airfoil is referred to as L2F-EF (end wall fillet). Although referred to as a fillet, this profile contouring process is novel in that it is designed to isolate the effect of stagger angle on end wall loss. Total pressure loss measurements downstream of the blade row indicate that the use of the lower stagger angle at the end wall reduces mixed out mass averaged end wall and passage losses approximately 23% and 10%, respectively. This is in good agreement with computational results used to design the contour which predict 18% and 7% loss reductions. The end wall flow field of the L2F and L2F-EF models is measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) in the passage. These data are used to quantify changes in the end wall flow field due to the contouring. PIV results show that this loss reduction is characterized by reduced inlet boundary layer separation as well as a change in strength and location of the suction side horseshoe vortex (SHV) and passage vortex (PV). The end wall profile contouring also produces a reduction in all terms of the Reynolds stress tensor consistent with a decrease in deformation work and overall flow unsteadiness. These results confirm that the stagger angle has a significant effect on high-lift front-loaded LPT end wall loss. Low stagger profiling is successful in reducing end wall loss by limiting the development and migration of the low momentum fluid associated with the SHV and PV interaction. C1 [Sangston, Keith; Little, Jesse] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lyall, M. Eric; Sondergaard, Rolf] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sangston, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sangston@email.arizona.edu; jesselittle@email.arizona.edu; michael.lyall@us.af.mil; rolf.sondergaard@us.af.mil FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX The support of Jesse Little and Keith Sangston by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program during the PIV measurement campaign is greatly appreciated. The assistance of Derick Endicott during data acquisition and Jeff Downie during fillet design/fabrication was vital to the success of this work. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 IS 8 AR 081006 DI 10.1115/1.4025952 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AJ7XB UT WOS:000337913000006 ER PT J AU Hanchak, MS Vangsness, MD Byrd, LW Ervin, JS AF Hanchak, Michael S. Vangsness, Marlin D. Byrd, Larry W. Ervin, Jaime S. TI Thin film evaporation of n-octane on silicon: Experiments and theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Thin film; Evaporation; Disjoining pressure; Reflectometry; Octane ID EXTENDED MENISCUS AB Microscope-based reflectometry was used to measure the thickness profiles of thin films of n-octane on silicon wafer substrates. Thin films, created in an axisymmetric capillary feeder, were subjected to heat or a nitrogen flow to promote evaporation into a saturated gas phase. Steady state film profiles were established, with a non-evaporating adsorbed film transitioning to the intrinsic meniscus. The reflectometer was coupled with micro-positioning motorized stages to provide two-dimensional profiles of the film thickness. A numerical model was formulated to include lubrication theory of the liquid flow within the film, heat conduction across the film from the heated wall to the liquid vapor interface, kinetic theory of evaporation from the interface to the vapor phase, and disjoining pressure based on a retarded van der Waals interaction. When combined, the governing equations form a fourth-order, nonlinear differential equation for the film thickness vs. distance, which is solved numerically and compared to the experimental data. Useful results of the model include the liquid vapor interface temperature, the Hamaker coefficient, and the evaporative mass flux profile. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanchak, Michael S.; Vangsness, Marlin D.; Ervin, Jaime S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanchak, MS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Michael.hanchak.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002AR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 3002AR5P. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. Finally, we thank Victor Tsao (UDRI) and Dr. John Jones (AFRL) for their technical support. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 75 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.03.063 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AI8TJ UT WOS:000337199600018 ER PT J AU Vivas, MG De Boni, L Cooper, TM Mendonca, CR AF Vivas, Marcelo G. De Boni, Leonardo Cooper, Thomas M. Mendonca, Cleber R. TI Understanding the Two-Photon Absorption Spectrum of PE2 Platinum Acetylide Complex SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; POLYMETHINE DYES; CHROMOPHORES; ETHYNYL; PHENYLACETYLENE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; MOLECULES; RESONANCE; SERIES AB Herein, we report on the two-absorption cross-section spectrum of trans-Pt(PBu3)(2) (C equivalent to C-C6H4-C equivalent to C-C6H5)(2) (PE2) platinum acetylide complex employing the femtosecond wavelength-tunable Z-scan technique. The PE2 complex can be visualized as two branches containing two phenylacetylene units, each one linked by a platinum center, completely transparent in the visible region. Because of this structure, large delocalization of pi-electrons allied to the strong intramolecular interaction between the branches is expected. The 2PA absorption spectrum was measured using the femtosecond wavelength-tunable Z-scan technique with low repetition rate (1 kHz), in order to obtain the 2PA spectrum without excited-state contributions. Our results reveal that PE2 in dichloromethane solution presents two 2PA allowed bands located at 570 and 710 nm, with cross section of about 320 and 45 GM, respectively. The first one is related to the strong intramolecular interaction between the molecule's branches due to the presence of platinum atom, while the second one is associated with the breaking of symmetry of the chromophore in solution due, most probably to a large twisting angle of the ligand's phenyl rings relative to the Pt core. C1 [Vivas, Marcelo G.; De Boni, Leonardo; Mendonca, Cleber R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Grp Foton, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Vivas, Marcelo G.] Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencia Tecnol, BR-37715400 Pocos De Caldas, MG, Brazil. [Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vivas, MG (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Grp Foton, CP 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM mavivas82@yahoo.com.br; crmendon@ifsc.usp.br RI Vivas, Marcelo/C-2453-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; Mendonca, Cleber/B-9050-2012; De Boni, Leonardo/B-9066-2012 OI Vivas, Marcelo/0000-0003-4777-1323; De Boni, Leonardo/0000-0002-1875-1852 FU FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo) [2011/06489-6, 2011/12399-0]; CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0028] FX Financial support from FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo, processo no. 2011/06489-6 and no. 2011/12399-0), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0028) is acknowledged. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 30 BP 5608 EP 5613 DI 10.1021/jp503318u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AM5VV UT WOS:000339930000003 PM 25007397 ER PT J AU Raghunathan, R Grillot, F Mee, JK Murrell, D Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Raghunathan, R. Grillot, F. Mee, J. K. Murrell, D. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. TI Tuning the external optical feedback-sensitivity of a passively mode-locked quantum dot laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; GAIN; LINEWIDTH; DIODE; NOISE AB The external optical feedback-sensitivity of a two-section, passively mode-locked quantum dot laser operating at elevated temperature is experimentally investigated as a function of absorber bias voltage. Results show that the reverse-bias voltage on the absorber has a direct impact on the damping rate of the free-running relaxation oscillations of the optical signal output, thereby enabling interactive external control over the feedback-response of the device, even under the nearly resonant cavity configuration. The combination of high temperature operation and tunable feedback-sensitivity is highly promising from a technological standpoint, in particular, for applications requiring monolithic integration of multi-component architectures on a single chip in order to accomplish, for instance, the dual-objectives of stable pulse quality and isolation from parasitic reflections. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Raghunathan, R.; Murrell, D.; Kovanis, V.; Lester, L. F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Grillot, F.] Telecom ParisTech, Ecole Natl Super Telecommun, CNRS, LTCI, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Mee, J. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Raghunathan, R (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect Engn, 302 Whittemore Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM raghunat@vt.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA8750-06-1-0085, FA9550-10-1-0276]; AFOSR Electromagnetics Portfolio FX This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant Nos. FA8750-06-1-0085 and FA9550-10-1-0276 managed by Dr. Gernot Pomrenke. Vassilios Kovanis's work was supported via the AFOSR Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 4 AR 041112 DI 10.1063/1.4891576 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2LB UT WOS:000341152600012 ER PT J AU Flores, A Robin, C Lanari, A Dajani, I AF Flores, Angel Robin, Craig Lanari, Ann Dajani, Iyad TI Pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulation for narrow linewidth, kilowatt, monolithic fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; OPTICAL-FIBERS; SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMS; MODE; KW AB We report on pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) phase modulation for narrow-linewidth, kilowatt-class, monolithic (all-fiber) amplifiers. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold enhancement factors for different patterns of PRBS modulated fiber amplifiers were experimentally analyzed and agreed well with the theoretical predictions. We also examined seeding of the SBS process by phase modulated signals when the effective linewidth is on the same order as the Brillouin shift frequency. Here similar to 30% variations in SBS power thresholds were observed from small tunings of the modulation frequency. In addition, a 3 GHz PRBS modulated, 1.17 kW fiber amplifier was demonstrated. Near diffraction-limited beam quality was achieved (M-2 = 1.2) with an optical pump efficiency of 83%. Overall, the improved SBS suppression and narrow linewidth achieved through PRBS modulation can have a significant impact on the beam combining of kilowatt class fiber lasers. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Flores, Angel; Robin, Craig; Lanari, Ann; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM angel.flores.1@us.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Drs. Arje Nachman and Howard Schlossberg of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We would like to thank the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and Drs. Arje Nachman and Howard Schlossberg of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for partially funding this effort. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 15 BP 17735 EP 17744 DI 10.1364/OE.22.017735 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6DV UT WOS:000340685600014 PM 25089393 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Bhandari, R Slocik, JM Seifert, S Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Bhandari, Rohit Slocik, Joseph M. Seifert, Soenke Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Peptide-Modified Dendrimers as Templates for the Production of Highly Reactive Catalytic Nanomaterials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENCAPSULATED PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; OLEFIN HYDROGENATION; ENGINEERED PEPTIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; R5 PEPTIDE; PD AB Peptide-driven nanomaterials synthesis and assembly has become a significant research thrust due to the capability to generate a range of multifunctional materials with high spatial precision and tunable properties. Despite the extensive amount of available literature, the majority of studies report the use of free peptides to drive synthesis and assembly. Such strategies are not an entirely accurate representation of nature, as many materials binding peptides found in biological systems are sterically constrained to a larger biological motif. Herein we report the synthesis of catalytic Pd nanomaterials using constrained peptides covalently attached to the surface of small, water-soluble dendrimers. Using the R5 peptide conjugated to polyamidoamine dendrimer as a bioconjugate, Pd nanomaterials were generated that displayed altered morphologies compared to nanomaterials templated with free R5. It was discovered that the peptide surface density on the dendrimer affected the resulting nanoscale morphology. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of Pd materials templated with R5/dendrimer are higher as compared to the R5-templated Pd materials for the hydrogenation of ally] alcohol, with an average increase in turnover frequency of similar to 1500 mol product (mol Pd X h)(-1). Small angle X-ray scattering analysis and dynamic light scattering indicate that Pd derived from R5/dendrimer templates remained less aggregated in solution and displayed more available reactive Pd surface area. Such morphological changes in solution are attributed to the constrained peptide binding motifs, which altered the Pd morphology and subsequent properties. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that constrained materials binding peptide systems can be employed as a means to alter morphology and improve resulting properties. C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Bhandari, Rohit; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu RI Liao, Xue-pin/B-2089-2015; Bhandari, Rohit/N-4724-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [DMR-1145175]; National Research Council Research Associateship award; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (RN) and National Science Foundation (M.R.K.: DMR-1145175). Further financial support was provided by University of Miami. N.M.B acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Research Associateship award. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 14 BP 4082 EP 4091 DI 10.1021/cm5007444 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AL9OU UT WOS:000339471400009 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Esposito, D Grazulis, L Hill, M Mahalingam, K Aronow, AJ AF Eyink, K. G. Szmulowicz, F. Esposito, D. Grazulis, L. Hill, M. Mahalingam, K. Aronow, A. J. TI Evaluation of thickness and strain of thin planar layers of InAs on GaAs(001) using spectroscopic ellipsometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; RELAXATION; GROWTH AB We develop a technique for accurately measuring thickness of planar InAs films grown on (001) GaAs by spectroscopic ellipsometry, using bulk optical constants. We observe that the critical point structure for the E-1 and E-1 + Delta(1) transitions extracted from the measured dielectric properties varies with strain in the layer. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the extracted thickness and measures the residual strain based on the dislocation spacing in the film. At small thickness, the E1 critical point is seen to markedly deviate from the dependence predicted by deformation potential theory and appears to be consistent with additional quantum confinement effects. C1 [Eyink, K. G.; Szmulowicz, F.; Esposito, D.; Grazulis, L.; Hill, M.; Mahalingam, K.; Aronow, A. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nano Elect Mat Branch RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nano Elect Mat Branch RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-11-D-5401] FX This work was funded as part of Air Force Office of Scientific Research Contract FA8650-11-D-5401. The support provided by Dr. James Hwang and Dr. Kenneth Goretta (Program Managers, AFOSR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 3 AR 031909 DI 10.1063/1.4890236 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2LA UT WOS:000341152300029 ER PT J AU Jiang, WC Zhang, JD Usechak, NG Lin, Q AF Jiang, Wei C. Zhang, Jidong Usechak, Nicholas G. Lin, Qiang TI Dispersion engineering of high-Q silicon microresonators via thermal oxidation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION; SLOT WAVE-GUIDES; WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; CHIP; RESONATOR; FIBER; GAIN AB We propose and demonstrate a convenient and sensitive technique for precise engineering of group-velocity dispersion in high-Q silicon microresonators. By accurately controlling the surface-oxidation thickness of silicon microdisk resonators, we are able to precisely manage the zero-dispersion wavelength, while simultaneously further improving the high optical quality of our devices, with the optical Q close to a million. The demonstrated dispersion management allows us to achieve parametric generation with precisely engineerable emission wavelengths, which shows great potential for application in integrated silicon nonlinear and quantum photonics. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jiang, Wei C.; Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Zhang, Jidong; Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, Q (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM qiang.lin@rochester.edu FU NSF; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY09COR]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX The work of W. Jiang, J. Zhang, and Q. Lin was supported in part by NSF. N. Usechak was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant 12RY09COR. All authors thank DARPA MTO's E-PHI program and Dr. J. Conway for his support. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECS-0335765). The views and opinions expressed in this paper (88ABW-2014-1148) are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 3 AR 031112 DI 10.1063/1.4890986 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2LA UT WOS:000341152300012 ER PT J AU Allen, KW Darafsheh, A Abolmaali, F Mojaverian, N Limberopoulos, NI Lupu, A Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Darafsheh, Arash Abolmaali, Farzaneh Mojaverian, Neda Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Lupu, Anatole Astratov, Vasily N. TI Microsphere-chain waveguides: Focusing and transport properties SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; SUBSTRATE; PARTICLES; BISPHERES; NANOJETS; SPHERES AB It is shown that the focusing properties of polystyrene microsphere-chain waveguides (MCWs) formed by sufficiently large spheres (D >= 20 lambda, where D is the sphere diameter and lambda is the wavelength of light) scale with the sphere diameter as predicted by geometrical optics. However, this scaling behavior does not hold for mesoscale MCWs with D <= 10 lambda resulting in a periodical focusing with gradually reducing beam waists and in extremely small propagation losses. The observed effects are related to properties of nanojet-induced and periodically focused modes in such structures. The results can be used for developing focusing microprobes, laser scalpels, and polarization filters. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Darafsheh, Arash; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Mojaverian, Neda; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lupu, Anatole] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8622, Inst Elect Fondamentale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Allen, KW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kallen62@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0824067]; Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC [1068050]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECCS-0824067, and by Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC, Award No. 1068050. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 AR 021112 DI 10.1063/1.4890595 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2KU UT WOS:000341151400012 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Rotondaro, Matthew D. Shaffer, Michael K. Knize, Randall J. TI Efficient potassium diode pumped alkali laser operating in pulsed mode SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; CS LASER; ARRAYS; POWER AB This paper presents the results of our experiments on the development of an efficient hydrocarbon free diode pumped alkali laser based on potassium vapor buffered by He gas at 600 Torr. A slope efficiency of more than 50% was demonstrated with a total optical conversion efficiency of 30%. This result was achieved by using a narrowband diode laser stack as the pump source. The stack was operated in pulsed mode to avoid limiting thermal effects and ionization. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Shaffer, Michael K.; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 14 BP 17266 EP 17270 DI 10.1364/OE.22.017266 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6AF UT WOS:000340674700057 PM 25090540 ER PT J AU Lei, ZW Huang, Y Liu, M Ge, W Ling, YH Peng, RR Mao, XY Chen, XB Lu, YL AF Lei, Zhiwei Huang, Yan Liu, Min Ge, Wen Ling, Yihan Peng, Ranran Mao, Xiangyu Chen, Xiaobing Lu, Yalin TI Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of Bi7-xLaxFe1.5Co1.5Ti3O21 ceramics prepared by the hot-press method SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Multiferroics; Layer-structured; Hot-press; Ceramics ID TEMPERATURE MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; AURIVILLIUS PHASES; BEHAVIOR; BI7FE3TI3O21; BI5FETI3O15; BIFEO3 AB Six-layered Aurivillius Bi7-xLaxFe1.5Co1.5Ti3O21 (BLFCT) powders and ceramics were prepared by citrate combustion and hot-press methods. X-ray diffraction indicates a successful synthesis of BLFCT ceramics. At room temperature, the largest remnant polarization (2Pr similar to 4.02 mu C/cm(2)) and remnant magnetization (2Mr similar to 2.58 emu/g) were observed at a La concentration of x = 0.75. Dielectric and zero-field cooling-field cooling (ZFC-FC) magnetization measurements confirm its ferroelectric and magnetic transitions occurring at similar to 1009 K and similar to 505 K, respectively. Positive-up-negative-down (PUND) measurement indicates an intrinsic ferroelectricity, and the leakage current does not play a big role in the BLFCT ceramics. Besides, the effect of La substitution on 2Pr and 2Mr was also discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Yan; Liu, Min; Ge, Wen; Ling, Yihan; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Conversion, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Mao, Xiangyu; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 255009, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Conversion, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922000]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK 2060140014]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922000), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK 2060140014). Dr. Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 5 PY 2014 VL 600 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.122 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AE1XM UT WOS:000333766500028 ER PT J AU Holcomb, T AF Holcomb, Trae TI CONSTRUCTING 2 x 2 BRICKS FROM UNITARY NUMERICAL SEMIGROUPS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE Dual; Minimal generating set; Monomial domain; Numerical semigroup; Relative ideal; Tensor product; Torsion; Unitary; 20M14 ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; RIGIDITY; MODULES; TORSION; IDEALS; TOR AB This paper investigates numerical semigroups that yield 2x2 bricks. We demonstrate the existence of an infinite family of 2x2 bricks that includes all of the perfect 2x2 bricks. We provide a formula for the Frobenius numbers of these semigroups as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for the semigroups to be symmetric. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Holcomb, T (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6D124, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM trae.holcomb@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0092-7872 EI 1532-4125 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2928 EP 2938 DI 10.1080/00927872.2013.774408 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AE4ZB UT WOS:000333996300013 ER PT J AU Galbraith, MC Benek, JA Orkwis, PD Turner, MG AF Galbraith, Marshall C. Benek, John A. Orkwis, Paul D. Turner, Mark G. TI A Discontinuous Galerkin Chimera scheme SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Discontinuous Galerkin; Chimera method ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS; FRAMEWORK; IMPLICIT; FLOWS; GRIDS AB The Chimera overset method is a powerful technique for modeling fluid flow associated with complex engineering problems using structured meshes. The use of structured meshes has enabled engineers to employ a number of high-order schemes, such as the WENO and compact differencing schemes. However, the large stencil associated with these schemes can significantly complicate the inter-grid communication scheme and hole cutting procedures. This paper demonstrates a methodology for using the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme with Chimera overset meshes. The small stencil of the DG scheme makes it particularly suitable for Chimera meshes as it simplifies the inter-grid communication scheme as well as hole cutting procedures. The DG-Chimera scheme does not require a donor interpolation method with a large stencil because the DG scheme represents the solution as cell local polynomials. The DG-Chimera method also does not require the use of fringe points to maintain the interior stencil across inter-grid boundaries. Thus, inter-grid communication can be established as long as the receiving boundary is enclosed by or abuts the donor mesh. This makes the inter-grid communication procedure applicable to both Chimera and zonal meshes. Details of the DG-Chimera scheme are presented, and the method is demonstrated on a set of two-dimensional inviscid flow problems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Galbraith, Marshall C.; Orkwis, Paul D.; Turner, Mark G.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Aerosp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Benek, John A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Galbraith, MC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Aerosp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Marshall.Galbraith@gmail.com FU Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. The authors would also like to thank Robert Haimes for his insights on the inter-grid communication scheme and Dr. Krzysztof Fidkowski for his assistance with XFLOW. The authors are grateful for the support with generating smooth airfoil shapes from Micheal List, Kiran Siddappaji, Ahmed Nemnem and Robert Knapke. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 98 SI SI BP 27 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.03.014 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA AJ8VM UT WOS:000337986000004 ER PT J AU Newstadt, G Zelnio, E Hero, A AF Newstadt, Gregory Zelnio, Edmund Hero, Alfred, III TI Moving Target Inference With Bayesian Models in SAR Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CLUTTER; SPECKLE AB This work combines the physical, kinematic, and statistical properties of targets, clutter, and sensor calibration as manifested in multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery into a unified Bayesian structure that simultaneously estimates 1) clutter distributions and nuisance parameters, and 2) target signatures required for detection/inference. A Monte Carlo estimate of the posterior distribution is provided that infers the model parameters directly from the data with little tuning of algorithm parameters. Performance is demonstrated on both measured/synthetic wide-area datasets. C1 [Newstadt, Gregory; Hero, Alfred, III] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zelnio, Edmund] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zelnio, Edmund] AFRL, Automat Target Recognit Div, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zelnio, Edmund] AFRL, Automat Target Recognit Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Newstadt, G (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM newstage@umich.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award [FA9550-06-1-0324]; Air Force Research Laboratory Award [FA8650-07-D-1221-TO1] FX This research was partially supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-06-1-0324 and by Air Force Research Laboratory Award FA8650-07-D-1221-TO1. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2004 EP 2018 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.130123 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100031 ER PT J AU Park, J Johnson, JT Majurec, N Frankford, M Stewart, K Smith, GE Westbrook, L AF Park, James Johnson, Joel T. Majurec, Ninoslav Frankford, Mark Stewart, Kyle Smith, Graeme E. Westbrook, Lamar TI Simulation and Analysis of Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Human Gaits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER; SCATTERING; MODEL AB Radar observations of human activities have a variety of applications in security, defense, and rescue operations. Range-Doppler signatures of human motions are a useful tool for retrieving information on observed activities but require an understanding of the scattering processes involved to enable interpretation. This paper presents a study of human Doppler signatures using simulations, in particular focusing on the impact of the polarization to enable an understanding of any advantages in the use of polarimetric radar. The simulation model utilized is based on an approximate scattering approach combined with a 12-cylinder description of the human body. A comparison with single polarization co-pol measurements is used to show that the model provides reasonable first-order predictions of human signatures. Further simulations for polarimetric signatures illustrate the differing contributions of individual body parts to micro-Doppler returns and suggest that multi-polarization measurements can be useful in future micro-Doppler radar systems for human observation. C1 [Park, James; Westbrook, Lamar] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Joel T.; Majurec, Ninoslav; Frankford, Mark; Stewart, Kyle; Smith, Graeme E.] Ohio State Univ, Hanover, MD 21076 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), AFRL, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.park@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate FX Use of motion capture equipment in the 3D Human Signature laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is acknowledged. This work is funded by a fellowship from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2164 EP 2175 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120792 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100043 ER PT J AU Leve, F Jah, M AF Leve, Frederick Jah, Moriba TI Spacecraft Actuator Alignment Determination Through Null-Motion Excitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE TRACKING; ANGULAR VELOCITY; RIGID-BODY; INERTIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Current methods of system identification inject random or sinusoidal signals into the system and obtain feedback to learn or infer system parameters. In general, these methods do not consider the learning convergence property of the signal or its effects upon the overall system. In addition, the richness of a random signal is reduced when passed through the actuator that acts as a low-pass filter. Furthermore, the choice of both random and sinusoidal signals typically do not consider the effect of the motion on the controlling body (e.g., movement of the tool point for a robot manipulator with respect to its joint motion, movement of the entire satellite with respect to its attitude actuators, or movement of the Mars rover with respect to its wheels). A design of experiments is developed here to support reaction wheel assembly parameter identification to satisfy persistence of excitation, thereby learning system parameters without inducing large perturbations to the controllable body (e.g., spacecraft bus). This approach exploits the null-motion solutions of overactuated systems and provides a gradient-based method to identify the direction along the null space to be excited for fast local convergence of the learned parameters. The discussed method hypothesizes that a family of null-motion solutions from the excitation law will cause small but measurable perturbations upon the controllable body. Also, the motion of the actuators has the ability of being of larger amplitude and frequency than would be available structurally for the controllable body states, which makes it valid for some current satellite programs. The outcome of this research is a design of experiments structured for direct nonlinear adaptive control for an overactuated system to determine actuator alignment. This is accomplished using excitation through the null space, combined with a proposed gradient-based method (all assuming known mass and environment properties). C1 [Leve, Frederick; Jah, Moriba] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Leve, F (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR11RV15COR] FX This work has been supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the lab task (LRIR11RV15COR). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2334 EP 2340 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120187 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100058 ER PT J AU Ge, W Zhang, XR Liu, M Lei, ZW Chen, T Lu, YL AF Ge, W. Zhang, X. -R. Liu, M. Lei, Z. -W. Chen, T. Lu, Y. L. TI Plasmonic properties of Au/SiO2 nanoparticles: effect of gold size and silica dielectric layer thickness SO MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS LA English DT Article DE Local surface plasmon resonance; Au/SiO2; Numerical simulation; UV-vis ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURES; MONODISPERSE; PARTICLES; GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY AB Metallic nanoparticles with plasmonic properties have extensive potential applications in biodiagnostics and sensing, bioimaging and solar cells, but a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of the phenomenon is far from being complete. In this manuscript, about 30, 40 and 50 nm Au nanoparticles were synthesised by Frens method, and Au/SiO2 nanoparticles were obtained by a modified Stober method; the thickness of SiO2 layer were adjusted from 15 to 45 nm. The effect of Au size and SiO2 dielectric layer thickness on the plasmonic properties of Au/SiO2 nanoparticles were numerically simulated by 3D comsol and were experimentally studied by UV-vis absorption spectra. UV-vis absorption spectra showed that the increase in Au particle size or SiO2 thickness resulted in a red shift of the surface plasmon resonance absorption peak of Au/SiO2 nanoparticles, which is consistent with the simulation results by 3D comsol. Thicker SiO2 layer and smaller Au nanoparticles led to the decrease of electric field. C1 [Ge, W.; Liu, M.; Lei, Z. -W.; Chen, T.; Lu, Y. L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. -R.; Lu, Y. L.] Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Y. L.] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922003]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922003) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224). Dr Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 68 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1432-8917 EI 1433-075X J9 MATER RES INNOV JI Mater. Res. Innov. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 SU 4 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1179/1432891714Z.000000000769 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AW3HZ UT WOS:000346178400145 ER PT J AU Stanford, B AF Stanford, Bret TI Three-Dimensional Topologies of Compliant Flapping Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Compliant mechanism; Micro air vehicle; Topology optimization; Flapping kinematics ID OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB This paper outlines the use of a three-dimensional topology optimization scheme for the conceptual design of compliant flapping micro air vehicle mechanisms. Each trilinear finite element within the design domain is assigned to a density variable that smoothly interpolates between 0 (void) and 1 (solid), using a well-known methodology. A mechanism topology is found that converts a series of sinusoidal actuation point loads along the lower surface into a dynamic structural deformation, which in turn provides the desired flapping kinematics. Specifically, a mechanism is desired that can independently control more than one flapping rotation(i. e., flapping and feathering) at the same time. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr. Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr. FaribaFahroo). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 AR 06014001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000347 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AT0QQ UT WOS:000344640600016 ER PT J AU Smith, TC LeardMann, CA Smith, B Jacobson, IG Miller, SC Wells, TS Boyko, EJ Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Miller, Shannon C. Wells, Timothy S. Boyko, Edward J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Disorders, Smoking, and Hazardous Drinking Among a Population-Based Cohort of US Service Members SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTION MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; cohort studies; mental disorders; military personnel; smoking ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MILITARY SERVICE; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; HEALTH PROBLEMS; ALCOHOL-USE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE; FOLLOW-UP; PRIME-MD AB Objectives: Combat exposure is known to increase the risk for mental disorders; however, less is known about the temporal relationship between mental disorders and alcohol misuse or smoking. To better understand these interrelationships, this study investigated mental disorders in association with hazardous drinking and cigarette smoking. Methods: Using data from a large population-based military cohort, standardized instruments were used to screen for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, panic, and other anxiety syndromes. Self-reported use of cigarettes and hazardous drinking was also assessed. Subjects were classified as having "new-onset," "persistent," or " resolved" mental disorders and health risk behaviors on the basis of screening results from baseline to follow-up (n = 50,028). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate temporal patterns between the development of mental disorders and the uptake of smoking or hazardous drinking. Results: The strongest associations of new-onset mental disorders were among those who newly reported smoking or hazardous drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-2.59 and OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.15-2.89, respectively), even after adjustment for combat deployment experience. In addition, persistent smokers and hazardous drinkers had elevated odds for developing a mental disorder at follow-up. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a positive association between the onset of mental disorders with the uptake of smoking and hazardous drinking and the likelihood that multiple temporal sequence patterns exist to explain the relationship between mental disorders and hazardous drinking and smoking. Clinical approaches to mitigate deployment-related mental disorders should include alcohol and tobacco-related assessments and interventions. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Jacobson, Isabel G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.] Natl Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Hlth & Human Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Smith, Besa] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Addict Sci Div, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1932-0620 EI 1935-3227 J9 J ADDICT MED JI J. Addict. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000050 PG 11 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA AQ7EU UT WOS:000342976200008 PM 24950137 ER PT J AU Oesch, DW Sanchez, DJ AF Oesch, Denis W. Sanchez, Darryl J. TI Photonic orbital angular momentum in starlight Further analysis of the 2011 Starfire Optical Range Observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: general ID INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; BRANCH-POINTS; LIGHT; BEHAVIOR; CREATION; 49-CETI; CLOUD; DISK AB Context. Each attempt by the Atmospheric Simulation and Adaptive-optics Laboratory Testbed (ASALT) research group to detect turbulence-induced photonic orbital angular momentum (POAM) has been successful, spanning laboratory, simulation and field experiments, with the possible exception of the 2011 Starfire Optical Range (SOR) astronomical observations, a search for POAM induced by astronomical sources. Aims. The purposes of this work are to discuss how POAM from astronomical turbulent assemblages of molecules or atoms (TAMA) would appear in observations and then to reanalyze the data from the 2011 SOR observations using a more refined technique as a demonstration of POAM in starlight. Methods. This work uses the method of projections used previously in analysis of terrestrial data. Results. Using the method of projections, the noise floor of the system was reevaluated and is found to be no greater than 1%. Reevaluation of the 2011 SOR observations reveals that a POAM signal is evident in all of the data. Conclusions. POAM signals have been found in every instance of extended propagation through turbulence conducted by the ASALT research group, including the 2011 SOR observations. POAM is an inevitable result of the propagation of optical waves through turbulence. C1 [Oesch, Denis W.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Sanchez, Darryl J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Oesch, DW (reprint author), Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM denis.w.oesch@leidos.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We express our gratitude to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support of this research. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 567 AR UNSP A114 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201323140 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2VU UT WOS:000341185300046 ER PT J AU Uysal, F Selesnick, I Pillai, U Himed, B AF Uysal, Faruk Selesnick, Ivan Pillai, Unnikrishna Himed, Braham TI Dynamic Clutter Mitigation Using Sparse Optimization SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS; IMAGE DECOMPOSITION; THRESHOLDING ALGORITHM; REPRESENTATIONS; SIGNAL; SHRINKAGE; SELECTION C1 [Uysal, Faruk; Pillai, Unnikrishna] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Selesnick, Ivan; Pillai, Unnikrishna] NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Himed, Braham] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Uysal, F (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, 317 Harrington Ave,Suite 9, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. OI Uysal, Faruk/0000-0002-4518-5649; Selesnick, Ivan/0000-0002-4939-3971 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 7 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130137 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AO9UZ UT WOS:000341705100006 ER PT J AU Armitage, NH Severtsen, BM Vandermause, R Smart, DA AF Armitage, Nicole H. Severtsen, Billie M. Vandermause, Roxanne Smart, Denise A. TI Training for the Air Force Fitness Assessment: The Experience of Postpartum Women SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PREGNANCY; DEPRESSION; RECOMMENDATIONS; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB Active duty personnel in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) are required to pass periodic fitness assessments in order to facilitate and evaluate physical readiness. Pregnant women are exempt from testing but must take the fitness test 6 months after childbirth. However, evidence from prior research indicates that in the first 6 months postpartum, women may not achieve prepregnancy fitness levels and may be more vulnerable to mental and physical health problems. It is important for health care clinicians to understand how training for the USAF fitness test after childbirth may impact health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep understanding of the experiences of postpartum USAF women as they train for their fitness assessment. Understanding was sought through a phenomenological study by interpreting the meaning of the lived experiences of 17 active duty women at two USAF bases. Two overarching patterns emerged from this analysis: "Striving to Perform under Pressure through Profound Life Transitions of Childbirth" and "Seeking Understanding from Others." These results provide insight into the challenges postpartum women encounter while training for their fitness assessments, and they can inform practices that facilitate efforts of women in returning to optimal fitness and well-being. C1 [Armitage, Nicole H.] Travis Air Force Base, Med Grp 60th, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Severtsen, Billie M.; Vandermause, Roxanne; Smart, Denise A.] Washington State Univ, Coll Nursing, Spokane, WA 99208 USA. RP Armitage, NH (reprint author), Travis Air Force Base, Med Grp 60th, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. FU TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Lt Col Jennifer Hatzfeld for coordinating on-site visits and processes that were invaluable to research efforts at Travis Air Force Base. The work reported herein was performed under U. S. Air Force Surgeon General-approved Exempt Protocol Study No. FDG20110049E. This research was sponsored by a grant from the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 766 EP 772 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00437 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600017 PM 25003862 ER PT J AU Su, YJ Quinn, JM Johnston, WR McCollough, JP Starks, MJ AF Su, Yi-Jiun Quinn, Jack M. Johnston, W. Robert McCollough, James P. Starks, Michael J. TI Specification of > 2 MeV electron flux as a function of local time and geomagnetic activity at geosynchronous orbit SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPACE WEATHER; SOLAR-WIND; MODEL; PREDICTION; FORECAST; INTENSITY; ANOMALIES AB An algorithm has been developed for specifying > 2 MeV electron flux everywhere along geosynchronous orbit for use in operational products. The statistics of integrated electron fluxes from four GOESs for more than a solar cycle clearly indicate that the local time variation can be represented by a Gaussian distribution as a function of geomagnetic Kp index, which empirically determines the center and the half width of the Gaussian distribution. Using the most current estimated 3 h Kp value as an input, the prediction scheme requires the most recent electron flux measurements from available GOES(s) to determine the maximum and minimum for a Gaussian fit and to provide estimated electron fluxes at geosynchronous orbit with the time resolution of the instrument. In balancing between sufficient data for statistics and the change of geomagnetic configuration, the optimal length of data accumulation time for nowcasting is 6 h when one or two satellites are available. The prediction efficiency (PE) is independent of local time and solar cycle. We found that the PE values are greater than 0.5 when Kp < 5 and independent of Kp at low and moderate values; however, PE decreases dramatically with increasing Kp when Kp >= 5. Although the PE varies from year to year and with the choice of the test satellite, our finding resulted in a PE > 0.6 in 67.6% of the cases and PE > 0.8 more than 23.5% of the time based on our analysis from four GOESs between 1998 and 2009. Moreover, skill scores from our newly developed algorithm are similar to 90% of the time better than those resulting from a simpler algorithm based on a table provided by O'Brien (2009), indicating a dramatic improvement in predictive capability. C1 [Su, Yi-Jiun; Quinn, Jack M.; Johnston, W. Robert; McCollough, James P.; Starks, Michael J.] Kirtland Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. RP Su, YJ (reprint author), Kirtland Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM Yi-Jiun.Caton@us.af.mil RI McCollough, James/A-2489-2016 OI McCollough, James/0000-0003-3615-8857 FU Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL) project at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The authors would like to thank Paul O'Brien for his suggestion on a simple algorithm as the foundation of this work and Juan Rodriguez at NOAA to verify the data issue described in section 2.1. Data used in this manuscript can be downloaded from the public websites as indicated in the main text. This research task was supported by the Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL) project at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The first author thanks Ron Caton for proofreading the manuscript and the reviewers for their insightful comments which improved our manuscript. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 IS 7 BP 470 EP 486 DI 10.1002/2014SW001069 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN4DR UT WOS:000340538300003 ER PT J AU Musselman, RL Norgard, JD AF Musselman, Randall L. Norgard, John D. TI Semi-Analytic Solution to Forward Scattering From a Long Conductive Strip SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Babinet's principle; diffraction; electromagnetic scattering; Huygen's sources; wave propagation ID FIELDS; CYLINDERS AB A semi-analytic model is developed that accurately describes the scattered electromagnetic field (including both reflection and diffraction) from a long conductive strip, which is on the order of a wavelength wide. When the dimension of this conductor is on the order of a wavelength, the gross approximations used for ray-tracing models cannot be used, because the scattering object does not satisfy the assumption that it is electrically large, resulting in a vanishing wavelength. Unlike ray-tracing techniques, this model completely describes the field diffracted around and behind the conductive obstruction, creating the null that is commonly called the "shadow" from an illuminated object. The only assumption made is that the strip is relatively long, compared to its width and to the wavelength. When simulations from this analytic model are compared to simulations from an established numerical model, it is found that this analytic model provides accuracy comparable to numeric methods, without the extensive computational intensity involved in numerical solutions. Furthermore, simulated field patterns from this analytic diffraction model are compared to 2-D measured patterns, resulting in close agreement. C1 [Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Norgard, John D.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Musselman, RL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM randall.musselman@usafa.edu; john.d.norgard@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 62 IS 7 BP 3702 EP 3713 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2317473 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AM8CV UT WOS:000340098600027 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Snure, M Bondy, J Zens, TWC AF Paduano, Qing S. Snure, Michael Bondy, James Zens, Timothy W. C. TI Self-terminating growth in hexagonal boron nitride by metal organic chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID H-BN; GRAPHENE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NI(111); SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYER; SUBSTRATE; EPITAXY AB In this work, we demonstrate the growth of atomically smooth few-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using triethylboron (TEB) and NH3 as precursors. Changing the V/III ratio in a certain temperature and pressure range was found to change the growth mode from random 3D nucleation to self-terminating growth. Infrared reflectance and Raman spectroscopy were used to identify the h-BN phase of these films. Atomic force microscopy measurements confirm that the surfaces are smooth and continuous even over atomic steps on the surface of the substrate. Using X-ray reflectance measurements, the thicknesses of films grown under self-terminating conditions were determined to be similar to 1.6 nm and independent of the growth time (1 to 60 min) and TEB flux rate. On the basis of the results of this study, a possible mechanism for the observed self-terminating growth behavior is discussed. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Snure, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bondy, James; Zens, Timothy W. C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM qing.paduano@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Kenneth Goretta) FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Kenneth Goretta). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 44 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 AR 071004 DI 10.7567/APEX.7.071004 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM5VW UT WOS:000339930100004 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kulkarni, DD Davis, R Kim, SS Naik, RR Voevodin, AA Russell, M Jang, SS Tsukruk, VV Fedorov, AG AF Kim, Songkil Kulkarni, Dhaval D. Davis, Richard Kim, Steve S. Naik, Rajesh R. Voevodin, Andrey A. Russell, Michael Jang, Seung Soon Tsukruk, Vladimir V. Fedorov, Andrei G. TI Controlling the Physicochemical State of Carbon on Graphene Using Focused Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE focused electron-beam-induced deposition; FEBID; graphene; adsorption state; density functional theory; DFT; Raman spectroscopy ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGENATED GRAPHENE; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; BASAL-PLANE; IRRADIATION; FABRICATION; RESOLUTION; NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; GRAPHANE AB Focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a promising nanolithography technique using "direct-write" patterning by carbon line and dot deposits on graphene. Understanding interactions between deposited carbon molecules and graphene enables highly localized modification of graphene properties, which is foundational to the FEBID utility as a nanopatterning tool. In this study, we demonstrate a unique possibility to induce dramatically different adsorption states of FEBID-produced carton deposits on graphene, through density functional theory calculations and complementary Raman experiments. Specifically, an amorphous carbon deposit formed by direct irradiation of high energy primary electrons exhibits unusually strong interactions with graphene via covalent bonding, whereas the FEBID carbon formed due to low-energy secondary electrons is only weakly interacting with graphene via physisorption. These observations not only are of fundamental importance to basic physical chemistry of FEBID carbon graphene interactions but also enable the use of selective laser-assisted postdeposition ablation to effectively remove the parasitically deposited, physisorbed carbon films for improving FEBID patterning resolution. C1 [Kim, Songkil; Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kulkarni, Dhaval D.; Davis, Richard; Russell, Michael; Jang, Seung Soon; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fedorov, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM AGF@gatech.edu RI Jang, Seung Soon/C-6847-2008; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Kim, Songkil/R-1217-2016 OI Kim, Songkil/0000-0003-0856-9982 FU DOE BES Grant [DE-SC0010729]; AFOSR BIONIC Center Award [FA9550-09-1-0162]; Semiconductor Research Corporation GRC Contract [2011-OJ-2221] FX This work was supported by DOE BES Grant No. DE-SC0010729 (FEBID system operation, test sample fabrication and data analysis), AFOSR BIONIC Center Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162 (graphene fabrication and Raman/AFM characterization), and Semiconductor Research Corporation GRC Contract 2011-OJ-2221 (DFT calculations and graphene transfer optimization). NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 6805 EP 6813 DI 10.1021/nn5011073 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9LR UT WOS:000339463100034 PM 24988046 ER PT J AU West, ZJ Shafer, LM Striebich, RC Zabarnick, S Delaney, C Phelps, D DeWitt, MJ AF West, Zachary J. Shafer, Linda M. Striebich, Richard C. Zabarnick, Steven Delaney, Charles Phelps, Donald DeWitt, Matthew J. TI Equilibrium Partitioning of Di-ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME) between Fuel and Aqueous Phases at Sub-Ambient Temperatures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Biorefinery-Toward Bioenergy CY DEC 03-05, 2013 CL Xiamen, PEOPLES R CHINA ID WATER SYSTEMS; HEATS AB Improved understanding of the effect of temperature and concentration on the equilibrium partitioning of Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) additive between fuel and aqueous phases can assist in identifying required dose concentrations for safe aircraft operability. A novel experimental system was designed and used to quantify the equilibrium partitioning of the currently approved FSII, di-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME), under conditions relevant to actual aircraft fuel system operation. This included temperatures from ambient to -47 degrees C, total water contents from 130 to 560 ppmV, and initial FSII concentrations from 100 to 1500 ppmV. The partitioning of DiEGME was a strong function of temperature, exhibiting nonideal solution behavior. For a constant temperature, the resulting phase partitioning was independent of initial FSII and total water concentrations, with a single equilibrium correlation established. FSII partitioning into the aqueous phase increased with both decreasing temperature and initial FSII dose concentration in the fuel. The overall behavior was attributed to hydrophilic interactions between the glycol ether and water, which become more favored at lower temperatures and concentrations. The behavior is consistent with that expected based on the effect of temperature and concentration on the corresponding FSII activity coefficients in each phase, and has previously been observed for analogous glycol ethers. Based on the partitioning behavior, very low concentrations of FSII are expected to be sufficient to prevent water solidification to temperatures below the specification freeze point of the fuel. C1 [West, Zachary J.; Shafer, Linda M.; Striebich, Richard C.; Zabarnick, Steven; DeWitt, Matthew J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Delaney, Charles] Encore Support Syst, San Antonio, TX 78226 USA. [Phelps, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeWitt, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.dewitt@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Supply Center Richmond from the USAF Petroleum Agency; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-2-2347, FA8650-10-2-2934] FX The authors thank Jack Krizovensky and Rick Kamin (U.S. Navy) and Philip Chang (Defense Logistics Agency) for useful discussions and providing reports from previous studies on FSII partitioning. Brian Dacre and Spence Taylor are thanked for extremely useful discussions and providing references related to FSII behavior and partitioning under conditions relevant to aircraft operations. Rex Cash (U.S. Air Force (USAF)) and Cheryl McCormick (USAF Petroleum Agency) are acknowledged for useful input to these studies. The authors also thank the reviewers of this manuscript for useful suggestions. These efforts were funded by the Defense Supply Center Richmond, with direction from the USAF Petroleum Agency, as well as the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, under Cooperative Research Agreement Nos. F33615-03-2-2347 and FA8650-10-2-2934. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 4501 EP 4510 DI 10.1021/ef500900p PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AL8DQ UT WOS:000339368500032 ER PT J AU Harnish, D Heimbuch, BK McDonald, M Kinney, K Dion, M Stote, R Rastogi, V Smith, L Wallace, L Lumley, A Schreuder-Gibson, H Wander, JD AF Harnish, D. Heimbuch, B. K. McDonald, M. Kinney, K. Dion, M. Stote, R. Rastogi, V. Smith, L. Wallace, L. Lumley, A. Schreuder-Gibson, H. Wander, J. D. TI Standard method for deposition of dry, aerosolized, silica-coated Bacillus spores onto inanimate surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; anthrax; antimicrobial; Bacillus; bioaerosol; deposition; infectious agents; spores ID CEREUS SPORES; DUST AB Aims: To evaluate a standard aerosolization method for uniformly depositing threat-representative spores onto surfaces. Methods and Results: Lyophilized Bacillus anthracis Delta Sterne spores, coated in silica, were aerosolized into a containment chamber and deposited onto nine surface types by two independent laboratories. Laboratory A produced a mean loading concentration of 1.78 x 10(5) CFU cm(-2); coefficient of variation (CV) was <40% for 96% of samples. Laboratory B produced a mean loading concentration of 7.82 x 10(6) CFU cm(-2); 68% of samples demonstrated CV <40%. Conclusions: This method has been shown to meet the goal of loading threat-representative spores onto surfaces with low variability at concentrations relevant to the Department of Defense. Significance and Impact of the Study: As demonstrated in 2001, a biological attack using anthrax disseminated as a dry powder is a credible threat. This method will provide a means to load spores onto surfaces that mimic a 'real-world' scenario of an aerosolized anthrax attack. The method has utility for evaluating sporicidal technologies and for nondecontamination studies, for example fate and transport or reaerosolization. C1 [Harnish, D.; Heimbuch, B. K.; McDonald, M.; Kinney, K.; Lumley, A.] Appl Res Associates, Engn Sci Div, Panama City, FL USA. [Dion, M.; Stote, R.; Schreuder-Gibson, H.] US Army Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA USA. [Rastogi, V.; Smith, L.; Wallace, L.] Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Biodefense Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Wander, J. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Harnish, D (reprint author), 430 5th St,Ste 700, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. EM dharnish@ara.com FU Natick Soldier RDE Center FX This research was funded by the Natick Soldier RDE Center and this document has been approved for public release (PAOU13-181). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 117 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1111/jam.12509 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AL9SB UT WOS:000339480000004 PM 24690070 ER EF